Implantación de un SGC en un taller mecánico
Isidro Nieto López 108305
14 de diciembre de 2014
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Normativa (ISO 9001) y cumplimiento ( GJELKEH?GKYE C@DHAKC@AJD FJD ?B?CL?MJD J D@GGKJE@D @E F?D TH@ D@ X?D? @DL? EJCA?N ?DW GJAJ F?D A@MKM?D TH@ &@G?EK?G@CJD D@ GJABCJA@L@ ? ?MJBL?C* Sección 0: Introducción
']BFKG? TH@ F? BCKJCKM?M M@ F? .JCA? @D M?C GHABFKAK@ELJ ? FJD C@THKDKLJD M@F GFK@EL@R 6H@ DH KABF@A@EL?GKYE M@X@ JX@M@G@C ? HE? @DLC?L@ZK? U TH@ F? EJCA? @D GJABF@A@EL?CK? ? FJD C@THKDKLJD M@F D@CIKGKJN DH JX[@LKIJ @D @I?FH?C F? G?B?GKM?M M@ F? @ABC@D? B?C? GHABFKC FJD C@THKDKLJD M@F GFK@EL@N FJD F@Z?F@D U C@ZF?A@EL?CKJD ?BFKG?XF@D ?F BCJMHGLJ U BCJBKJD M@ F? JCZ?EKP?GKYER Sección 1: Objeto y campo de aplicación
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%EMKG? TH@ S?U TH@ HLKFKP?C GJAJ C@O@C@EGK? F? %)0 cddd `F? GH?F @DB@GKOKG? FJD OHEM?A@ELJD U F? L@CAKEJFJZW? M@ HE DKDL@A? M@ Z@DLKYE M@ G?FKM?MaR Sección 3: Términos y definiciones
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Sección 5: Responsabilidad de la dirección
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( FJD C@GHCDJD ? TH@ S?G@ C@O@C@EGK? DJE* @F C@GHDJ SHA?EJN F? KEOC?@DLCHGLHC? U @F ?AXK@EL@ M@ LC?X?[JR $@GHCDJ SHA?EJ* TH@ @F B@CDJE?F M@X@ D@C GJAB@L@EL@ B?C? C@?FKP?C @F LC?X?[JR 3? GJAB@L@EGK? D@ C@OK@C@ ? F? @MHG?GKYEN OJCA?GKYEN S?XKFKM?M U @]B@CK@EGK? TH@ BJD@@R )@ M@X@ M@OKEKC F? GJAB@L@EGK? @F FJD A?EH?F@D M@ OHEGKJE@D U D@ M@X@E L@E@C C@ZKDLCJD TH@ F? @IKM@EGK@E `MKBFJA?DN @I?FH?GKJE@D M@ M@D@AB@QJN ?DKDL@EGK? ? G?B?GKL?GKJE@DN C@O@C@EGK?D F?XJC?F@DN @LGRaR 'MHG?GKYEN OJCA?GKYEN S?XKFKM?M@D U @]B@CK@EGK? $@ZKDLCJD 0XFKZ?LJCKJDR %EOC?@DLCHGLHC?* TH@ D@ M@X@ GJEL?C GJE @MKOKGKJDN @DB?GKJD M@ LC?X?[J U @THKBJD ?BCJBK?MJD B?C? @F M@D?CCJFFJ M@ F?D F?XJC@DR (AXK@EL@ M@ LC?X?[J* TH@ F?D GJEMKGKJE@D X?[J F?D GH?F@D D@ C@?FKP? @F LC?X?[J D@?E F?D ?M@GH?M?D B?C? Z?C?ELKP?C F? GJEOJCAKM?M GJE FJD C@THKDKLJD M@F D@CIKGKJ `CHKMJN L@AB@C?LHC?N SHA@M?MN KFHAKE?GKYEN GJEMKGKJE@D GFKAVLKG?DN @LGRaR Sección 7: Realización del producto
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`GJLKP?GKJE@DN ?G@BL?GKYE M@ GJELC?LJDN @LGRaR )@ M@X@ ?D@ZHC?C TH@ F?D MKO@C@EGK?D @]KDL@EL@D @ELC@ FJ B@MKMJ U @]BC@D?MJ BC@IK?A@EL@ @DL_E C@DH@FL?D ?DW GJAJ TH@ F? JCZ?EKP?GKYE L@EZ? F? G?B?GKM?M B?C? GHABFKC GJE FJD C@THKDKLJD M@OKEKMJDR c
'DB@GKOKG?C FJD C@THKDKLJD M@L@CAKE?MJD BJC @F GFK@EL@N FJD F@Z?F@D U FJD C@ZF?A@EL?CKJD ?BFKG?XF@D ?F D@CIKGKJR %ABF@A@EL?C A@G?EKDAJD M@ GJAHEKG?GKYE @OKGK@EL@D GJE @F GFK@EL@ B?C? ?D@ZHC?C F? KEOJCA?GKYE DJXC@ @F D@CIKGKJN F?D GJEDHFL?DN F? ?L@EGKYE M@ B@MKMJDN F?D AJMKOKG?GKJE@D ?F D@CIKGKJ U F?D TH@[?D J C@GF?AJDR )@ M@X@ Z?C?ELKP?C TH@ @F BCJMHGLJ GJABC?MJ `GH?EMJ KEGKM? @E F? G?FKM?M M@F D@CIKGKJa GHABF? GJE FJD C@THKDKLJD @]KZKMJD BJC F? @ABC@D?R 'F D@CIKGKJ D@ M@X@ BC@DL?C X?[J GJEMKGKJE@D GJELCJF?M?DN D@ M@X@ MKDBJE@C M@ KEOJCA?GKYE DJXC@ F?D G?C?GL@CWDLKG?D M@F D@CIKGKJ ? BC@DL?CN `BCJZC?A?GKJE@D UfJ JCM@E@D M@ D@CIKGKJa KEDLCHGGKJE@D M@ LC?X?[J `BCJG@MKAK@ELJDN KEDLCHGLKIJDN G?CL?D L@GEJFYZKG?DaN @THKBJ ?BCJBK?MJN KEMKG?MJC@D M@ Z@DLKYER 2H?EMJ D@? ?BCJBK?MJN D@ M@X@ Z?C?ELKP?C F? LC?P?XKFKM?M M@F D@CIKGKJ ? LC?I_D M@ LJM? DH C@?FKP?GKYER 2H?EMJ F? LC?P?XKFKM?M D@? HE C@THKDKLJ D@ M@X@ M@[?C C@ZKDLCJ M@ F? KM@ELKOKG?GKYE ^EKG? M@F BCJMHGLJR )@ M@X@ GHKM?C FJD XK@E@D TH@ DJE M@ BCJBK@M?M M@F GFK@EL@N KEGFHU@ F? BCJBK@M?M KEL@F@GLH?F U FJD M?LJD B@CDJE?F@DR Sección 8: Medición análisis y mejora
)@ M@X@ Z?C?ELKP?C @F D@ZHKAK@ELJN F? A@MKGKYEN @F ?EVFKDKD U F? A@[JC? E@G@D?CKJD B?C? M@AJDLC?C F? GJEOJCAKM?M GJE FJD C@THKDKLJD M@F D@CIKGKJN FJD F@Z?F@DN FJD M@ EJCA?DN FJD M@ F? JCZ?EKP?GKYE U A@[JC?C GJELKEH?A@EL@ F? @OKG?GK? M@F DKDL@A?R )@ M@X@ S?G@C &@MKGKYE M@ D?LKDO?GGKYE M@ GFK@EL@DN D@ BH@M@E HLKFKP?C A_LJMJD GJAJ* @EGH@DL?DN KEOJCA?GKYE M@F GFK@EL@ DJXC@ F? G?FKM?M M@F D@CIKGKJ BC@DL?MJN @F ?EVFKDKD M@ B@CMKM?D M@ E@ZJGKJDN F? O@FKGKL?GKJE@D BJC B?CL@ M@ GFK@EL@DN F? JBKEKYE M@ HDH?CKJDN @LGR )@ M@X@E C@?FKP?C ?HMKLJCK?D KEL@CE?D ? LJMJD FJD BCJG@DJD M@F DKDL@A? M@ Z@DLKYE M@ G?FKM?MR #CJG@MKAK@ELJ (HMKLJCK?D %EL@CE?DR #CJG@MKAK@ELJ 0XFKZ?LJCKJR %EOJCA@ M@ ?HMKLJCK? U ?GLKIKM?M@D M@ D@ZHKAK@ELJR $@ZKDLCJ 0XFKZ?LJCKJR )@ M@X@E @DL?XF@G@C KEMKG?MJC@D M@ Z@DLKYE ? FJD BCJG@DJDN J A_LJMJD ?BCJBK?MJD M@ D@ZHKAK@ELJR )@ M@X@ S?G@C D@ZHKAK@ELJ U A@MKGKYE ? F? BC@DL?GKYE M@F D@CIKGKJ B?C? I@CKOKG?C TH@ D@ GHABF@ GJE FJD C@THKDKLJDR )@ M@X@ M@[?C C@ZKDLCJ M@F D@CIKGKJ EJ GJEOJCA@ U M@ F?D ?GGKJE@D LJA?M?D `D@ M@X@ C@BJCL?C GJAJ EJ GJEOJCAKM?Ma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`?GGKJE@D GJCC@GLKI?DaR )@ M@X@E LJA?C ?GGKJE@D B?C @FKAKE?C F?D G?HD?D M@ F?D EJ GJEOJCAKM?M@D BJL@EGK?F@D B?C? BC@I@EKC TH@ IH@FI?E ? JGHCCKC `?GGKJE@D BC@I@ELKI?DaR
+d
Certificación
“
La certificación es el cierre del proceso de implementación de un sistema de calidad, y brinda la documentación para demostrar el logro ante el mercado.
”
Paso 1: Elección del organismo de certificación
3? JCZ?EKP?GKYE %)0 DJFJ M@D?CCJFF? F?D EJCA?DN B@CJ EJ C@?FKP? F? G@CLKOKG?GKYEg HE? I?CK@M?M M@ JCZ?EKP?GKJE@D D@ M@MKG?E ? @DL? @L?B? M@F BCJG@DJR #JC @DJ @D C@GJA@EM?XF@ C@?FKP?C HE? B@TH@Q? KEI@DLKZ?GKYE B?C? GJEJG@C TH_ JBGKJE@D L@E@AJD ?EL@D M@ F? D@F@GGKYER (F C@?FKP?C @DL@ ?EVFKDKD S@AJD L@EKMJ @E GH@EL? @F BC@DLKZKJ M@ F? @ELKM?M ?GC@MKL?MJC? @E EH@DLCJ D@GLJC ?DW GJAJ F? BC@B?C?GKYE M@ DHD ?HMKLJC@DN DH AJIKFKM?M U @F GJDL@ M@ F? G@CLKOKG?GKYE U M@ F?D BJDL@CKJC@D ?HMKLJCK?DR Paso 2: Revisión de documentación
-E? I@P @F@ZKMJ @F JCZ?EKDAJN @F ?HMKLJC @EIK?MJ D@ C@HEKCV GJE F? MKC@GGKYE M@ EH@DLC? @ABC@D? B?C? GJEJG@C FJD MKDLKELJD BCJG@DJDR $@IKD?CV BCKEGKB?FA@EL@ @F A?EH?F M@ Z@DLKYE M@ F? G?FKM?M B?C? I@CKOKG?C TH@ @F AKDAJ GHABF? GJE FJD C@THKDKLJD TH@ BF?EL@? F? EJCA?R 'E G?DJ M@ KEGJEDKDL@EGK?DN S?CV F?D C@GJA@EM?GKJE@D E@G@D?CK?D U @DB@C?CV ? TH@ F? @ABC@D? C@?FKG@ FJD G?AXKJD J ?GGKJE@D GJCC@GLKI?DR Paso 3: Auditoría de las instalaciones
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aso 4: Informe de la auditoría
'F ?HMKLJC M@X@ GJAB?C?C F? KEOJCA?GKYE TH@ C@G?XY A@MK?EL@ F? ?HMKLJCW?N GJE F? MJGHA@EL?GKYE M@F DKDL@A? M@ Z@DLKYE M@ F? G?FKM?M TH@ BF?EL@Y F? @ABC@D?N GJE
++
F? OKE?FKM?M M@ @EGJELC?C F?D KEGJEDKDL@EGK?DR 'DL@ KEOJCA@ D@ @ELC@Z? ? F? MKC@GGKYE M@ F? @ABC@D?N @DB@GKOKG?EMJ G?M? HE? M@ F?D hEJ GJEOJCAKM?M@Dh GJE F? EJCA?N U GF?DKOKGVEMJF?D M@ ?GH@CMJ ? DH ZC?MJ M@ KABJCL?EGK?R Paso 5: Certificación
/@B@EMK@EMJ M@F ZC?MJ M@ KABJCL?EGK? M@ F?D KEGJEDKDL@EGK?DN @D BJDKXF@ TH@ M@X? C@?FKP?CD@ HE? EH@I? ?HMKLJCW? BC@IK? ? F? G@CLKOKG?GKYER #@CJ HE? I@P TH@ F?D ?GGKJE@D GJCC@GLKI?D U? OH@CJE C@?FKP?M?D U @]KDL@ GJEOJCAKM?MN @F JCZ?EKDAJ JLJCZ? F? G@CLKOKG?GKYER 'DL@ MJGHA@ELJ LK@E@ BJC FJ Z@E@C?F HE? I?FKM@P M@ LC@D ?QJDR
Paso 6. Auditorías de seguimiento
(HETH@ @F G@CLKOKG?MJ @D IVFKMJ BJC @F B@CWJMJ LJL?FN M@X@E C@?FKP?CD@ ?HMKLJCW?D B@CKYMKG?D M@ A?EL@EKAK@ELJN TH@ M@B@EMK@EMJ M@F JCZ?EKDAJ G@CLKOKG?MJCN BH@M@E D@C ?EH?F@D J D@A@DLC?F@DN DK@ABC@ ?GJCM?EMJ F? O@GS? BC@IK?A@EL@ GJE F? @ABC@D?R
+"
Esquema del proceso
+4
Fichas de registro Registros de mantenimiento
'THKBJ
<@GS?
$@DBJED?XF@
0XD@CI?GKJE@D
Registro de calibración
.KI@F 'THKBJ
1KBJ 2?FKXR
<@GS? +
"
$@DHFL?MJ G?FKXC?GKYE
<@GS? BCY]R G?FKXC?GKYE
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+7
Registros equipos
'THKBJ
&?CG?
&JM@FJ
<@GS? M@ GJABC?
'ABC@D? 2JEMKGKJE@D DHAKEKDLC?MJC? M@ HDJ
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+\
Proveedores aceptados
.i #CJI@@MJC
'ABC@D? U LKBJ
#CJMHGLJ
<@GS? ?G@BL?MJ
<@GS? X?[?
+;
Acciones correctoras
<@GS? KABF?EL?GKYE
/@B?CL?A@ELJ ?O@GL?MJ
$@DBJED?XF@
#F?PJ KABF?EL?GKYE
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Acciones preventivas
<@GS? KABF?EL?GKYE
/@B?CL?A@ELJ ?O@GL?MJ
0X[@LKIJD
#F?PJ KABF?EL?GKYE
Productos no conformes
/@DGCKBGKYE
1C?L?AK@ELJ
<@GS? &?L@CK? #CJMHGLJ #CJG@DJ $@GS?P?C $@B?C?C /@IJFI@C BCKA? OKE?F
.i ?GGKYE GJCC@GLJC?
+b
Programa anual de auditorias internas
/@B?CL?AR 'E@ <@X &?C (XC &?U jHE jHF (ZJ )@B 0GL .JI /KG /KC@GGKYE 2?FKM?M 1_GEKGJ 2JA@CGK?F (MAKEKDLCR
Lista de comprobación
.i KEOJCA@
'F@A@ELJD M@F DKDL@A? ?HMKL?MJ
(B?CL?MJ EJCA?
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+c
Mejora continua (5S y SMED) Metodología 5s
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`THKEL? )aR k?U HE O?GLJC OHEM?A@EL?F @E @DL? A@LJMJFJZW? U @D @F LC?X?[J @E @THKBJ U @F GJED@EDJ @E F?D ?GGKJE@D TH@ D@ I?E ? C@?FKP?CR 2JE HE? GJCC@GL? @[@GHGKYE M@ @DLJD B?DJD @DB@C?AJD GJED@ZHKC* !
&@[JC?C F? JCZ?EKP?GKYE M@F VC@?R
!
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!
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!
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&@[JC?C F? KA?Z@E TH@ FJD GFK@EL@D B@CGKX@E M@ F? @ABC@D?R
!
1C?X?[?MJC@D AVD KABFKG?MJD U D?LKDO@GSJD GJE DH LC?X?[JR "d
Primera S: Separar
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
/HC?EL@ @F BCJG@DJ M@ )@B?C?C D@ S?XKFKL?CVE @DB?GKJD J GJEL@E@MJC@D GJE HE? D@CK@ M@ L?C[@L?D M@ GJFJC@D TH@ D@CIKCVE B?C? KM@ELKOKG?C @F FHZ?C @E @F TH@ D@ M@X@E GJFJG?C FJD JX[@LJD @E OHEGKYE M@F M@DLKEJ ?DKZE?MJR 3JD X@E@OKGKJD TH@ LC?@ GJEDKZJ F? ?BFKG?GKYE M@ F? BCKA@C? ) DJE* !
)@ FKX@C? @DB?GKJ @E @DL?EL@CW?DN A@D?DN ?FA?G@E@DN @LGR
!
$@MHGGKYE M@ AJIKAK@ELJD KEE@G@D?CKJD M@ A?L@CK?F@D MHC?EL@ F? C@?FKP?GKYE M@ F? ?GLKIKM?M F?XJC?FR
!
&@[JC? M@ F? D@ZHCKM?M F?XJC?F ?F EJ @EGJELC?CD@ JX[@LJD BJC B?DKFFJDN @DG?F@C?D U PJE? M@ LC?X?[JR
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Segunda S: Ordenar
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Tercera S: Limpiar
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Cuarta S: Estandarizar
3?D LC@D ?GGKJE@D FF@I?M?D ? G?XJ ?EL@CKJCA@EL@ EJ BJMCW?E A?EL@E@CD@ @E @F LK@ABJ DKE F? ?MJBGKYE M@ HE?D EJCA?D U HE? @DL?EM?CKP?GKYER /@ @DL? A?E@C? FJD LC?X?[?MJC@D GJAK@EP?E ? I@C TH@ S?U HE? EH@I? OJCA? M@ S?G@C F?D GJD?DR 2JE FJD B?DJD ?EL@CKJC@DN FJD LC?X?[?MJC@D U? S?E KMJ IK@EMJ F? EH@I? OJCA? M@ LC?X?[?CN @E F? TH@ B?D?E M@ D@C DYFJ lA?EJ M@ JXC?m ? lG@C@XCJ M@ JXC?mN CJABK@EMJ @F B@ED?AK@ELJ M@ TH@ @DLVE B?C? LC?X?[?C U EJ B?C? B@ED?CR (F )@B?C?CN 0CM@E?C U 3KABK?CN S?E GJABCJX?MJ TH@ LK@E@E F? G?B?GKM?M M@ ?DHAKC EH@IJD JX[@LKIJD U JXL@E@C HEJD FJZCJDR 2JE @F LK@ABJN GJEOJCA@ D@ I?E M?EMJ GH@EL? M@ TH@ F? EH@I? OJCA? M@ LC?X?[?C @D AVD X@E@OKGKJD? TH@ F? ?EL@CKJCN KCVE C@@ABF?P?EMJ GJABJCL?AK@ELJD ?ELKGH?MJDR %CV ?HA@EL?EMJ DH GC@?LKIKM?MN ?FG?EP?EMJ @F @DL?MJ M@ A@[JC? GJELKEH?N @E @F TH@ @F ZCHBJ @D F? OH@EL@ M@ KM@?D U ?GGKJE@D @EOJG?M?D ? D@ZHKC A@[JC?EMJR #?C? GJED@ZHKC HE? @DL?EM?CKP?GKYE @E F?D ?GGKJE@D C@?FKP?M?D @E @F VC@?N @D E@G@D?CKJ HE GJELCJF IKDH?FR /@ @DL? OJCA? D@ M?CV ? GJEJG@C F?D EJCA?D @DL?EM?CKP?M?D ? FJD AK@AXCJD M@F VC@? U M@ LJM? M@ F? @ABC@D? TH@ @ELC@E @E @D? VC@?R 2JE FJD KEMKG?MJC@D M@ GJELCJF IKDH?F D@ GJEDKZH@*
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3? KABF@A@EL?GKYE M@F GJELCJF IKDH?F @D D@EGKFF? U M@ X?[J GJDL@ B?C? F? @ABC@D?R 3JD A@MKJD TH@ D@ HD?E DJE* !
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Quinta S: Autodisciplina
'DL? ^FLKA? ) @D BJDKXF@A@EL@ F? AVD KABJCL?EL@N U? TH@ @D @F B?DJ TH@ I? ? B@CAKLKC TH@ F?D A@MKM?D ?MJBL?M?D B@CMHC@E @E @F LK@ABJR )@ GJEDKZH@E ?OK?EP?C FJD EH@IJD SVXKLJD M@ LC?X?[J U ?GLH?C GJE MKDGKBFKE? B?C? TH@ EJ D@ IH@FI? ? F? DKLH?GKYE BC@IK? ? F? KABF?EL?GKYE M@ F?D \)R #JC (HLJMKDGKBFKE? D@ @ELK@EM@ TH@ @D @F BCJBKJ LC?X?[?MJC @F TH@ D@ I? ? @EG?CZ?C M@ A?EL@E@C FJD FJZCJD JXL@EKMJD GJE F? KABF?EL?GKYEN DKE L@E@C F? E@G@DKM?M M@ TH@ S?U? E?MK@ GJELCJF?EMJ DH LC?X?[JR 'DLJ D@ GJEDKZH@ KEIJFHGC?EMJ ?F LC?X?[?MJC M@DM@ @F GJAK@EPJ M@F BCJG@DJ @E F? LJA? M@ M@GKDKJE@D U FF@Z?EMJ ? ?GH@CMJD M@ GJABCJAKDJ @E DH GJEMHGL?R #?C? @FFJ D@ M@[?CV GF?CJ M@DM@ @F BCKA@C AJA@ELJ TH@ _DL@ @D @F ^FLKAJ B?DJ M@F BCJG@DJ U TH@ EJ GJEDKDL@ @E LC?X?[?C AVDN DKEJ @E LC?X?[?C A@[JCR 'E @DL@ BHELJ @F O?GLJC ZCHB?F [H@Z? HE B?B@F AHU KABJCL?EL@R 2JAJ GJE[HELJ M@ B@CDJE?D TH@ GJELC?@E HE? C@F?GKYE OJCA?F @E @F LC?X?[JN D@ GC@? HE? SJAJZ@E@KM?M J ?CAJEW? @ELC@ FJD AK@AXCJD M@F ZCHBJR /@ @DL@ AJMJ FJD AK@AXCJD M@F ZCHBJ LK@EM@E ? @F@I?C @F C@EMKAK@ELJ M@ FJD GJABJE@EL@D AVD M_XKF@DN DK @]KDL@ HE? OH@CL@ GJS@DKYE @E @F ZCHBJN U L?AXK_E lOC@E?Em ? FJD AK@AXCJD TH@ DJXC@D?F@ER
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3? (HLJMKDGKBFKE? D@ BC?GLKG? DK D@ GHABF@E FJD DKZHK@EL@D BHELJD*
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/@IJFI@C S@CC?AK@EL?D U @THKBJD ? DHD FHZ?C@D M@DBH_D M@ D@C HD?MJDR
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&?EL@E@C FKABK?D F?D VC@?D GJAHE@D U M@ LC?X?[JR
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2HABFKC F?D EJCA?D M@ LC?X?[J M@ JLC?D VC@?DR
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1C?L?C @E ZCHBJ FJD BCJXF@A?D M@ KEGHABFKAK@ELJ M@ F?D EJCA?D ?GJCM?M?D @ELC@ LJMJDR
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Metodología SMED
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BCJMHGLJR 'E M@OKEKLKI?N JLJCZ? ? EH@DLC? @ABC@D? HE? A?UJC OF@]KXKFKM?M @E F? BCJMHGGKYE U MKD@QJ M@ EH@IJD BCJMHGLJDR ( GJELKEH?GKYE D@ @]BFKG?E MJD GJEG@BLJD OHEM?A@EL?F@D @E FJD TH@ D@ ?BJU? )&'/N F?D ?GLKIKM?M@D KEL@CE?D U F?D ?GLKIKM?M@D @]L@CE?D* !
(GLKIKM?M@D %EL@CE?D* S?G@E C@O@C@EGK? ? F?D ?GLKIKM?M@D TH@ D@ FF@I?E ? G?XJ GJE F? AVTHKE? J @F @THKBJ M@L@EKMJR
!
(GLKIKM?M@D ']L@CE?D* ?F GJELC?CKJ TH@ @F G?DJ ?EL@CKJCN @DLJD DJE B?C? F?D ?GLKIKM?M@D TH@ D@ C@?FKP?E AK@ELC?D F? AVTHKE? @DLV @E OHEGKJE?AK@ELJR
(F GJELC?CKJ M@ FJ TH@ JGHCC@ GJE F?D \)N @E @DL? A@LJMJFJZW? EJ S?U HE?D B?HL?D GF?C?D M@ ?BFKG?GKYEN DKEJ AVD XK@E HE?D @L?B?D TH@ D@ ?M?BL?CVE ? G?M? G?DJ* Primera Etapa SMED: Análisis previo de la situación
'D E@G@D?CKJ C@GJBKF?C M?LJD @ KEOJCA?GKYE DJXC@ F? DKLH?GKYE ?GLH?F M@ F? BC@B?C?GKYE M@ AVTHKE?DR )@ ?EJL?CVE LJM?D F?D ?GLKIKM?M@D TH@ D@ C@?FKP?E B?C? AVD ?M@F?EL@ M@L@CAKE?C DK D@ LC?L?E M@ ?GLKIKM?M@D TH@ GJEDHA@E 1K@ABJD %EL@CEJD J 1K@ABJD ']L@CEJDR )@ BH@M@E C@?FKP?C A@MKGKJE@D M@ LK@ABJD M@ F?D ?GLKIKM?M@D M@ AJMJ TH@N A@MK?EL@ HE (EVFKDKD M@ #?C@LJN D@ L@EZ? HE A?UJC GJEJGKAK@ELJ M@ F?D ?GLKIKM?M@D AVD GCWLKG?D U TH@ C@THK@C@E A?UJC ?L@EGKYER
Segunda Etapa SMED: Clasificar las actividades en Actividades
'DL@ BHELJ ?^E DKZH@ DK@EMJ M@ ?EVFKDKD M@ F? DKLH?GKYEN B@CJ U? D@ @ABK@P?E ? I@C F?D G?C@EGK?D U FJD AJLKIJD M@ F?D ?GGKJE@D TH@ D@ C@?FKP?E @E F? BC@B?C?GKYE M@ F?D AVTHKE?DR k?U TH@ S?G@C HE? GF?DKOKG?GKYE M@ F?D ?GLKIKM?M@D A@MKM?D ?EL@CKJCA@EL@ D@Z^E D@?E (GLKIKM?M@D KEL@CE?D J (GLKIKM?M@D ']L@CE?DR (THW L?AXK_E S?XCV TH@ M@L@CAKE?C F?D G?HD?D M@ @DLJD LK@ABJD B?C? FF@Z?C ?F AJLKIJ ^FLKAJ TH@ S?G@ ?F LC?X?[?MJC @ABF@?C LK@ABJ @E HE? ?GLKIKM?MR
Tercera Etapa SMED: Pasar las Actividades Internas a Externas
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Cuarta Etapa SMED: Adopción de otras medidas
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