ZLH_JYRHNMN ZLH_JYRHNMN LMBHELM@ LMBHELM@ NJ HLDJLHJYÇM OMBZ@^MN NJ HLDJLHJYÇM ]ZÇGHBM X ^JS^H@ ÍYJM MBMNÈGHBM NJ BHJLBHMR BHJLBHMR IÍRHBMR IÍRHBMR
HLOEYGJ L¶ =6 NJ^JYGHLMBHÒL NJ^JYGHLMBHÒL BZML^H^M^H_M NJ HELJR JL J@ MDZM B Z Y RE
;
@MIEYM^EYHE NJ ]ZÇGHBM HH
HL^JDYML^JR
;
BZIMR BMR^YE, TH@REL 9662>:23C ]ZJL^M ]ZJL^M YMXD YMXDMNM MNM,, AJLLJ^C AJLLJ^C 96629?? 96629???H ?H
GJRM
;
H'>
VYEOJREYJR
;
BÍYNJLMR, IJY^CM IJLH^JR, TH@GML
966>'H
ÇLNHBJ
EIKJ^H_ER
2
OZLNMGJL^E ^JÒYHBE
2':
VYEBJNHGHJL^E JSVJYHGJL^M@ JSVJYHJLBHM L¶= Nj~jyghlmbhòl nj `m nzyj{m vey j` gè~ene nj B`mya
?
JSVJYHJLBHM L¶9 Nj~jyghlmbhòl nj `m nzyj{m nj` C 9E vey j` gè~ene JN^M m(Nzyj{m ~e~m`
?'4
i( Nzyj{m Vjygmljl~j
4'3
b( Nj~jyghlmbhòl Bí`bhbm
3
JSVJYHJLBHM L¶2 Mi`mlnmghjl~e nj C96
8
BELB@ZRHELJR
8
IHI@HEDYMOÇM
8
MVÈLNHBJ
8'=6
9
H, EIKJ^H_ER '
Hl~jyvyj~my j` vyebjre nj njrhelh{mbhòl nj` mdzm, jrvjbhm`gjl~j jl j` ~ym~mghjl~e nj `m nzyj{m nj `m ghrgm, gjnhml~j `er rhdzhjl~jr gè~ener; gè~ene nj B`mya, gè~ene nj re`zbhòl m`eymnm JN^M, ~ym~mghjl~e bel re`zbhòl nj Bm#EC(9 % Lm9BE2, ~ym~mghjl~e bel yjrhlmr nj hl~jym`e helhbe
HH, OZLNMGJL^E ^JÒYHBE J` mdzm jr zlm rzr~mlbhm }zj `m hlnzr~yhm zrm jl ~ml mr~mr bml~hnmnjr, }zj ~ml~e }zj rzr bml~hnmnjr zrmnmr reiyjvmrm vey gzbce m ~ener `er e~yer gm~jyhm`jr Rhjlne j` mdzm zl yjbzyre lm~zym` nj gmxey mizlnmlbhm j hgvey~mlbhm }zj jshr~j jl `m lm~zym`j{m, rj cmbj hlnhrvjlrmi`j }zj j``m rjm mbelnhbhelmnm vmym rz zre negjr~hbe j hlnzr~yhm` @er bm~heljr gmr oyjbzjl~jr jl j` mdzm lm~zym` rel `er nj Bm 9! , nj gmdljrhe Gd 9!, nj chjyye Oj9! e Oj2!1 `er bzm`jr djljym`gjl~j rel `er yjrvelrmi`jr nj `m nzyj{m nj` mdzm
Nzyj{m nj` mdzm Rj njij m rz bel~jlhne nj bm`bhe x gmdljrhe, `m nzyj{m rj jsvyjrm jl ~èyghler nj bmyielm~e nj bm`bhe#BmBE2(, `m nzyj{m nj` bm`bhe jr m}zj``m njihnm m `mr rm`jr re`zi`jr nj bm`bhe, `m nj gmdljrhe m `mr rm`jr re`zi`jr nj gmdljrhe @m nzyj{m ~e~m` jr `m rzgm nj `mr nzyj{mr nj bm`bhe x gmdljrhe Nzyj{m nj bmyielm~e, nj ihbmyielm~e x nzyj{m ~jgveym`, rel ~èyghler rhlòlhger vmym `m nzyj{m m~yhizhnm m ihbmyielm~er nj bm`bhe x gmdljrhe, `m vyhgjym nj jr~mr, `m nzyj{m nj bmyielm~e, jr j` ~èyghle }zj mceym rj vyjohjyj Nzyj{m nj le bmyielm~er, nzyj{m nj rz`om~er, x nzyj{m vjygmljl~j, rel ~èyghler rhlòlhger vmym `m nzyj{m njihne m `er rz`om~er, b`eyzyer x%e lh~ym~er nj bm`bhe, x%e gmdljrhe, j` vyhgjye nj jr~er, `m nzyj{m nj le bmyielm~er, jr j` ~jyghle vyjojyhne,1 `m bml~hnmn nj nzyj{m nj bmyielm~e x le bmyielm~e }zj jr~m vyjrjl~j jl zl mdzm jl vmy~hbz`my, rj nj~jyghlm vey hlrvjbbhòl nj rz mlí`hrhr = rh `m m`bm`hlhnmn m` mlmymlkmne nj gj~h`e jr hdzm` e gmxey }zj `m nzyj{m ~e~m`, ~enm `m nzyj{m jr~m vyjrjl~j bege nzyj{m nj bmyielm~e 9 rh `m m`bm`hlhnmn m` mlmymlkmne nj gj~h`e jr gjley }zj `m nzyj{m ~e~m`, `m nzyj{m nj bmyielm~e jr hdzm` m `m m`bm`hlhnmn 2 `m nzyj{m nj le bmyielm~er lmke `mr belnhbheljr jl 9, jr hdzm` m `m nzyj{m ~e~m`, gjler `m m`bm`hlhnmn m` mlmymlkmne nj gj~h`e bzmlne j` mdzm nzym, }zj bel~hjlj bm~heljr Bm 9! x Gd9!, rj zrm jl `m hlnzbhyí #vey jkjgv`e jl `er bm`njyer(, bmzrm vyjbhvh~mbhòl nj `mr rm`jr e`í~h`jr bzxer njvòrh~er mb~ûml vyenzbhjlne vyei`jgmr nj beyyerhòl, hlbyzr~mbheljr x jyerhòl, jl `er ~zier nj` bm`njye jr~er njvòrh~er mb~ûml bege mhr`mneyjr nj bm`ey x yjnzbjl `m ve~jlbhm e `m oyjbzjlbhm nj `m ~ymlrojyjlbhm nj bm`ey, mzgjl~m j` belrzge nj begizr~hi`jr x gzbcmr jbjr jsv`erheljr m` hlbyjgjl~myrj `m vyjrhòl hl~jylm e `m yjnzbbhòl nj` nhígj~ye nj `er ~zier nj` hl~jybmgihmney1 ~zier x beljsheljr nj mdzm bm`hjl~j hlbyzr~mner, m` vmrmy m ~ymèr nj zl bm`jl~mney nj mdzm, le rj m`bml{m j` j}zh`hiyhe }zçghbe, nj gmljym }zj `er njvòrh~er
2
le re`mgjl~j rj oeygml jl j` vyevhe bm`jl~mney rhle }zj ~mgihjl mvmyjbjl jl ~ene j` rhr~jgm nj nhr~yhizbhòl Jr eihe, vey jr~mr ym{eljr x e~ymr gzbcmr }zj rj cmbj ljbjrmyhe yjgejy nj` mdzm `er heljr ml~jr gjlbhelmner @m yjgebhòl nj `er heljr rj ``mgm ‐mi`mlnmghjl~e nj` mdzm‗ x rh jl j` vyebjre rj zrml yjrhlmr nj hl~jybmgihe hòlhbe rj njleghlm ‐njrhelh{mbhòl nj` mdzm‗ Vmym cmbjy }zj j` mdzm rjm ve~mi`j, le vyenz{bm beyyerhòl, hlbyzr~mbheljr x `ener, rj njijl z~h`h{my `er rhdzhjl~jr ~ym~mghjl~er; ' oh`~ymbhòl x o`ebz`mbhòl ' njrghljym`h{mbhòl ' nj~jyghlmbhòl nj `m nzyj{m nj` mdzm
Oh`~ymbhòl x O`ebz`mbhòl @m oh`~ymbhòl rj jojb~ûm vmym j`hghlmy `mr gm~jyhmr jl rzrvjlrhòl }zj venyçm mojb~my `m ve~mih`hnmn e vzyj{m nj` mdzm, rj zrml vey jkjgv`e, `er oh`~yer nj myjlm e `er nj vyjrhòl bel `jbce nj myjlm vmym belrjdzhy rz eikj~he @m njrjl~mkm nj` gj~ene jr `er j`jmner ber~er jl j` ~ym~mghjl~e nj dymlnjr e`ûgjljr Vey e~ye `mne, `m vyjbhvh~mbhòl nj `er rò`hner le rjnhgjl~m`jr nj` mdzm rj `edym gjnhml~j mnhbhòl }zçghbm nj `er ``mgmner ‐o`ebz`ml~jr‗ Jl~yj `er bzm`jr rj ~hjljl m `er rhdzhjl~jr; M`9#RE>(2•=3C9E x Oj9#RE>(2•8C9E Jl `m gmxeyçm nj `er bmrer jr ljbjrmyhe mýmnhy BmE vmym j` bel~ye` nj vC, yjnzbhjlne j` BE 9, rjdûl; BE9 ! Bm#EC(9 ↙ BmBE 2 ! C9E X njij bzhnmyrj }zj `m bml~hnmn nj Bm#EC(9, }zjnj im`mlbjmnm nj mbzjyne m `m jshr~jlbhm nj mlcçnyhne bmyiòlhbe
Njrghljym`h{mbhòl Rj belrhdzj gjnhml~j j` zre nj yjrhlmr nj hl~jybmgihe hòlhbm, bel `er bzm` rj belrhdzj mdzm }zçghbmgjl~j vmym }zj vey j` gè~ene b`írhbe nj njr~h`mbhòl rj belrhdm bel gzbcmr yjvj~hbheljr nj `m evjymbhòl Vey jkjgv`e, rh zlm yjrhlm bel~hjlj renhe, jr~er rj hl~jybmgihml bel `er heljr }zj rel `er bmzrml~jr nj `m nzyj{m nj` mdzm; 9YLm ! Bm9! ↙ Y9Bm ! 9Lm! m` zrmy yjrhlmr íbhnmr, `er heljr C !, rj hl~jybmgihml bel `er bm~heljr vyjrjl~jr jl j` mdzm; YC ! Lm9! ↙ YLm ! C ! M` zrmy yjrhlmr iírhbmr, `er heljr EC ', rj hl~jybmgihml bel `er mlheljr vyjrjl~jr jl j` mdzm YEC ! B`' ↙ YB` ! EC ' Rh rj zrm rhgz`~íljmgjl~j zlm yjrhlm bm~hòlhbm x mlhòlhbm, j` mdzm rj njrhelh{m ~e~m`gjl~j, vey}zj `er heljr C ! `er heljr EC' rj begihlml oeygmlne mdzm C! ! EC' ↙ C9E
>
Nj~jyghlmbhòl nj `m nzyj{m nj` mdzm Bege gmlhojr~mger ml~jyheygjl~j jr~e rj njij vyhlbhvm`gjl~j m `er heljr Bm 9! x Gd9! Jr~e x `m vj}zjýmr bml~hnmnjr nj heljr Oj 9! e Oj2! x `er heljr M` 2!, vyjrjl~jr yjmbbhelmyçml bel j` kmiòl vmym oeygmy begvzjr~e vjdmkerer hlre`zi`jr jl mdzm Bzmlne jr~m vyjrjl~m j` ihbmyielm~e, j` bm`jl~mghjl~e nj` mdzm vyenzbj `m `hijymbhòl nj BE9, }zjnmlne j` hel bmyielm~e #BE 29'( x mdzm J` yjrz`~mne jr `m vyjbhvh~mbhòl nj zlm bml~hnmn j}zhm`jl~j nj bm`bhe x gmdljrhe Bm9! ! 9CBE2 ↙ BmBE2 ! BE9 ! C9E Jl jr~j bmre rj ``mgm nzyj{m ~jgveym` e nj ihbmyielm~er x `m nzyj{m yjrhnzm` jr belebhnm bege nzyj{m vjygmljl~j x rj bzml~hohbm jl vvg #vmy~jr vey gh``òl( Vey jkjgv`e `m vvg nj BmBE2, hlnhbml `e gd nj nzyj{m belrhnjymnm bege BmBE2 jshr~jl~j jl zl `h~ye nj mdzm J` mdzm rjdûl rz nzyj{m rj b`mrhohbm jl; = i`mlner#?6 vvg( 9 gjnhmlmgjl~j nzyer #?= ‒ =96 vvg( 2 nzyer#=9='=36 vvg( > gzx nzyer #=3='2:6 vvg( : rm`hlmr, rm`ziyjr e gm`mr #<2:6 vvg( jl~yj `er gè~ener }zj rj zrml vmym nj~jyghlmy `m nzyj{m `m nzyj{m nj` mdzm rj vzjnjl rjým`my;
J` gè~ene nj B`mya Ghnj j` e`zgjl nj re`zbhòl kmielerm vm~yòl ljbjrmyhe vmym vyenzbhy jrvzgm vjygmljl~j bzmlne rj mdh~m bel :6'=66 g` nj mdzm nzym M vmy~hy nj j` rj bm`bz`m `m nzyj{m ~e~m` J` e`zgjl nj kmiòl ljbjrmyhe vmym vyenzbhy jrvzgm vjygmljl~j bel :6 ‒=66 g` nj mdzm cjyhnm nm `m nzyj{m vjygmljl~j @m nzyj{m ~jgveym` e nj ihbmyielm~er jr hdzm` m `m nzyj{m ~e~m` gjler `m nzyj{m vjygmljl~j
Gè~ene nj Cjiljy Jr zl gè~ene gír jsmb~e }zj belrhr~j jl nj~jyghlmy `m bml~hnmn nj bmyielm~e m`bm`hle yj}zjyhne vmym yjmbbhelmy bel Gd 9! x Bm9! nj zl e`zgjl nmne nj mdzm
Gè~ene begv`jse gè~yhbe Rj imrm jl `m m`eymbhòl nj` mdzm bel j` yjmb~he jrvjbhm` JN^M #mb J~h` nhmghle ~j~ymbè~hbe( x zl hlnhbmney }zj bmgihm nj be`ey bzmlne cm yjmbbhelmnm ~ene j` Bm x Gd J` JN^M yjmbbhelm bel `er heljr Bm 9! x Gd9! vmym oeygmy heljr begv`jker gmr jr~mi`jr }zj `er heljr oeygmner vey jr~er ghrger bel `er hlnhbmneyjr
:
J` hlnhbmney rj njleghlm ljdye nj jyhbyege x rj zrm vmym nj~jyghlmy `m nzyj{m ~jgveym` bege `m nzyj{m vjygmljl~j
HHH, VYEBJNHGHJL^E JSVJYHGJL^M@ JSVJYHJLBHM L¶= Nj~jyghlmbhòl nj `m nzyj{m vey j` gè~ene nj B`mya NM^ER _d 7 >6 de~mr 7 9 g`
BÍ@BZ@ER X YJRZ@^MNER Rj rmij }zj = g` nj re`zbhòl kmielerm 7 = gd nj BmBE 2 jl~elbjr rj ~hjlj Rj ~hjlj 9 g` nj kmiòl vey `e }zj `m gmrm nj BmBE 2 rjyí 9 gd, `zjde bel `m rhdzhjl~j jsvyjrhòl vvg
7
gdBmBE2 @C 9 E mlm`h{mnm ∙
9%#=6 s =6 ‒2( 7 966 vvg
zl mdzm bel jr~m nzyj{m jr belrhnjymnm mdzm gzx nzym
JSVJYHJLBHM L¶9 Nj~jyghlmbhòl nj `m nzyj{m nj` C9E vey j` gè~ene JN^M m(Nzyj{m ~e~m` NM^ER _d 7 ?? g`
BÍ@BZ@ER X YJRZ@^MNE `m re`zbhòl m` hlhbhe vyjrjl~m zlm be`eymbhòl yekh{m, nelnj jr~m `zjde bmgihmym m m{z`, m gjnhnm }zj jbcjger de~m m de~m j` JN^M Rhjlne j` e`zgjl dmr~mne nj JN^M 7 :: g` bel jr~j nm~e bm`bz`myjger `m nzyj{m nj` mdzm Rj rmij }zj =g` 7 =gd nj BmBE 2
?
Bege rj cm dmr~mne ?? g` nj JN^M ~jljger jl~elbjr ?? gd nj BmBE 2, nj zl e`zgjl nj =6 g` nj mdzm vvg7 ?? gd%#=6 s =6 '2 @( 7 ??6 vvg vey `e }zj beyyjrvelnj m zl mdzm rm`hlm
i( Nzyj{m Vjygmljl~j NM^ER _d 7 >3 g` vC hlhbhm` 7 3 vC ohlm` 7 =6
EIRJY_MBHELJR Vmym bm`bz`my `m nzyj{m vjygmljl~j ~jljger }zj bm`jl~my j` mdzm, rh rj chjyj j` mdzm `er ihbmyielm~er }zj j``m bel~hjlj, rj njrbegveljl, oeygmlne vyjbhvh~mner nj rm`jr ljz~ymr, x `m nzyj{m rj j`hghlm, vey jkjgv`e; Bm!9 ! 9CBE2' ↙ BmBE2→ ! C9E ! BE9 ↝ Jl belrjbzjlbhm, `m nzyj{m nj` mdzm njihne m bmyielm~er rj njleghlm ~jgveym`, `er ~èyghler ‐nzyj{m nj bmyielm~er‗ x `m ‐~jgveym`‗ le rel v`jlmgjl~j j}zhm`jl~jr, vey bzml~e `m nhrghlzbhòl nj `m nzyj{m nzyml~j `m jiz``hbhòl nj` mdzm njvjlnj le re`mgjl~j nj `m njrbegverhbhòl nj `m Bm#CBE 2( x nj Gd#CBE 2(9, rhle ~mgihjl nj `m njrbegverhbhòl nj `m bevyjbhvh~mbhòl nj BmRB > kzl~e bel BmBE 2 `m nzyj{m vjygmljl~j rj njij m `m vyjrjlbhm jl j` mdzm nj e~ymr rm`jr re`zi`jr nj bm`bhe x gmdljrhe 4
#djljym`gjl~j rz`om~er( m nhojyjlbhm nj `m nzyj{m nj bmyielm~er, `m vjygmljl~j le vzjnj j`hghlmyrj vey jiz``hbhòl , `m rzgm nj mgimr nzyj{mr belr~h~zxj `m nzyj{m ~e~m` nj` mdzm ^mgihjl jr nj jrvjymyrj }zj j` vC nj` mdzm nhrghlzxm njihne m }zj xm le rj jlbzjl~ym jl j``m, j` BE9 Rj yjm`h{e `e rhdzhjl~j;
X rj dmr~e >3 g` nj JN^M, `e }zj ler nm >3 gd nj BmBE 2, `mr vvg nj` mdzm ~h~z`mnm rjyí nj >36 vvg x beyyjrvelnj m zl mdzm rm`hlm
b( Nj~jyghlmbhòl Bí`bhbm Rj yjm`h{ò `e rhdzhjl~j x j` e`zgjl dmr~mne ozj nj 28 g`, jl~elbjr cmiyí 28 gd nj BmBE2, `e }zj ler nmyçm zl m`ey nj 286 vvg
3
JSVJYHJLBHM L¶2 Mi`mlnmghjl~e nj C96 Nm~er _d 7 >9 g` vC hlhbhm` 7 =6 vC ohlm` 7 == Rj yjm`h{e `e rhdzhjl~j
J` e`zgjl dmr~mne ozj nj >9 g` nj JN^M, `e }zj beyyjrvelnj m >9 gd nj BmBE 2, `e }zj ler nm zl m`ey nj >96 vvg
8
H_, BELB@ZRHELJR Djljym`gjl~j `er yjrvelrmi`jr nj `m nzyj{m nj` mdzm rel `er bm~heljr j Bm9! x Gd9! M` bm`jl~my j` mdzm nj bmýe rj `hijyml j` BE9 }zjnmlne j` hel BE2'9 x j` mdzm M` bm`jl~my j` mdzm nj bmýe }zjnml vyjbhvh~mner bml~hnmnjr j}zhm`jl~jr nj bm`bhe x gmdljrhe
_, IHI@HEDYMOÇM ' Jlbhb`evjnhm Gz`~hgjnhm Jlbmy~m ' Ghbyereo~ ' Iyetl, ^cjeneyj ' ]zçghbm ' Jnh~eyhm` Vyjl~hbj'cm`` Chrvmlemgjyhbmlm ' ]zhl~m jnhbhòl ' Gèshbe, =88? ' Víd ?:>'?:?
_H, MVÈLNHBJ J` ~ym~mghjl~e nj` mdzm ve~mi`j Mzl}zj `mr vjynelmr ijijl gzx vebm bml~hnmn nj mdzm nj `er gh``eljr nj `h~yer nj mdzm }zj o`zxjl jl `m bhznmn jl zl nçm, lmnhj vzjnj mnhhlmy }zj vmy~j rjyí `m }zj ijijyí, vey `e ~ml~e, ~enm j` mdzm njij rjy vzym Cmx gzbcm djl~j }zj lzbm rj cm nj~jlhne m vjlrmy jl `m gzbcmr bermr gm`mr }zj vzjnjl rzbjnjy`j m` mdzm, vzjnj bel~jljy ~hjyym begûl, m ~m` vzl~e }zj vmyj{bm rzbhm, e rjy `hgvhm bege j` byhr~m` x rhl jgimyde, bel rmiey m jljle, `e vjey jr }zj vzjnj vmyjbjy leygm`, be`ey x rmijy vmyjbhner, x ``jmy dèygjljr gey~çojyer bmvmbjr nj bmzrmy jlojygjnmnjr x mbmre `m gzjy~j, ~jyyhi`jr jvhnjghmr nj be`eym, nhmyyjm x reiyj ~ene, ohjiyj Vjye `er hldjlhjyer x cegiyjr nj bhjlbhm genjyler cml njrbzihjy~e gè~ener vmym vye~jdjy m `er cmih~ml~jr nj zlm bhznmn nj ~enmr jrmr bermr
Rzr~mlbhmr mdyjdmnmr m` mdzm Jl bzml~e m` ~mgmýe vzjnjl rjy gzx dymlnjr, njvjlnhjlne nj `m jljydçm nhlíghbm nj myymr~yj }zj verjj j` mdzm, yjnzbhèlnerj jl ~mgmýe cmr~m ``jdmy m rzr~mlbhm jl nhrvjyrhòl ge`jbz`my e hòlhbm Jl `mr mdzmr lm~zym`jr zrmnmr bege hlrzge nj `m v`ml~mr nj mdzm ve~mi`j, `mr rzr~mlbhm mdyjdmnmr rel iírhbmgjl~j, ghljym`jr x j` ~ym~mghjl~e belrhr~j jl `m j`hghlmbhòl nj `m vmy~çbz`mr }zj rj le~ml vey j` eke czgmle, xm rjm jl oeygm nj ~zyihnj{ e nj be`eymbhòl, vmym `edymy zl mdzm byhr~m`hlm
=6
==