ÍNDICE
1.
INTRODUCC INTRODUCCIÓN. IÓN..... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .........2 .....2
2.
OBJETI OBJETIVOS VOS... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ........ ......3 ..3
3.
FUNDAM FUNDAMENT ENTO O TEÓRIC TEÓRICO.. O..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........ ........ .......4 ...4
4.
PROC PROCED EDIM IMIE IENT NTO O EXPER EXPERIM IMEN ENT TAL Y RES RESUL ULT TADO DOS...8 S...8 4.1
MATERIALES.............................................................8
4.2 4.2
PROCE PROCEDIM DIMIEN IENTO TO... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .......1 ....10 0
5.
CONCLU CONCLUSIO SIONES NES... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........14 ....14
6.
BIBLIORAF BIBLIORAF!A.. !A...... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .........15 .....15
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1. INTRODUCCIÓ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
2
2. OBJETIVOS
• • •
• •
D$#$*&"%* $- +-'* $(,$+"+' )$ -( &(( (<-")(. A,-"+* - L$ )$ $/"-"7*"' T;*&"+' ("(#$&( #$*&')"%9&"+'(. A,-"+* - +'%($*+"<% )$ - $%$* $% ("(#$&( +'% #*%($*$%+" )$ +-'*. R$+'%'+$* $- +-'* +'&' % '*& )$ $%$*. A"%*$&'( -'( +'%+$,#'( )$ +-'* #$&,$*#* +-'* $(,$+"+' +,+")) +-'*"+.
3
3. FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO
Calor E% ("+ #*%($*$%+" )$ $%$* )$ % ,*#$ '#* )$ % +$*,' ' $%#*$ )"$*$%#$( +$*,'( $% "*#) )$ % )"$*$%+" )$ #$&,$*#*. E- +-'* $( $%$* $% #*9%("#' ("$&,*$ -$ )$ % '% )$ &'* #$&,$*#* % '% )$ &$%'* #$&,$*#* +'% -' /$ $-$ - #$&,$*#* )$ - ($%) *$)+$ - )$ - ,*"&$* ("$&,*$ /$ $- '-&$% )$ -'( +$*,'( ($ &%#$% +'%(#%#$. Calor ganado porun cuerpo =Calor perdido por otro
Temperatura L ($%(+"<% )$ +-'* ' *' - #'+* % ((#%+" )$,$%)$ )$ ( #$&,$*#* )$ - +,+")) )$ - ((#%+" ,* +'%)+"* $- +-'* )$ '#*'( +#'*$(. A%/$ (" ($ ,*'+$)$ +'% +"))' $( ,'("7-$ +'&,** -( #$&,$*#*( *$-#"( )$ )'( ((#%+"( &$)"%#$ $#+#' $( "&,'("7-$ $-* - &%"#) 7('-# )$ -( #$&,$*#*( ,*#"* )$ *$++"'%$( (7$#"(.
4
Calor epe!"#$!o C%#")) )$ +-'* %$+$(*" ,* $-$* - #$&,$*#* )$ % %")) )$ &( )$ % ((#%+" $% % *)'. E% $- S"(#$& I%#$*%+"'%- )$ %"))$( $- +-'* $(,$+"+' ($ $?,*$( $% -"'( ,'* "-'*&' $-"% $% '+("'%$( #&7";% ($ $?,*$( $% +-'*( ,'* *&' *)' +$%#*)'. E- +-'* $(,$+"+' )$- $( % +-'* ,'* *&' *)' +$%#*)' $( )$+"* /$ (&"%"(#** % +-'* % *&' )$ ,* $-$* ( #$&,$*#* $% % *)' +$%#*)'.
Q =mc ( T 1 −T 2 )
Q= calor
m=masa
T 1 −T 2= cambio de temperatura
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U%$&a&e &e !alor epe!"#$!o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
6
E%er'"a !alor"#$!a L (& )$ - $%$* ,'#$%+"- )$ - $%$* ("%#;#"+ )$ % ("(#$& %' ,$*&%$+$ ("$&,*$ +'%(#%#$.
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
(. )ROCEDIMIENTO E*)ERIMENTA+ , RESU+TADOS (.1 MATERIA+ES
U% +-'*&$#*' )$ &$+-( % #$*&'.U% #$*&<&$#*'.
U% &$+$*' (.
U% '-- ,* +-$%#* .
8
U% (','*#$ %"$*(-. U% &#* )$ 200 ' 250 &L. U% 7-%.
.P"$( )$ &#$*"- (<-")'
4.2
)ROCEDIMIENTO 1.Determ$%e la !apa!$&a& !alor"#$!a o e-u$ale%te e% a'ua &el
!alor"metro HC'-'/$ )$%#*' )$- +-'*&$#*' % +%#"))
ma
)$
#$&,$*#* &$%'* /$ )$- &7"$%#$. HD$$ /$ ($ $(#7-$+ $- $/"-"7*"' &$)"* - #$&,$*#* )$ $/"-"7*"'
T a
. T b
HC-"$%#$ $% - '-- % #$&,$*#* +%#")) )$
mb
+'-'+* %
)$ $(# $% $- +-'*&$#*'.
H M") - %$ #$&,$*#* )$ $/"-"7*"'
T
.
2.Calor epe!"#$!o &e /l$&o HC'-'+* % +%#"))
ma
)$ $% $- +-'*&$#*' )$$ /$
($ $(#7-$+ $- $/"-"7*"'. M") - #$&,$*#*
T a
.
10
HS&$*";%)'-' $% +-"$%#$ $-$$ - #$&,$*#* )$- ('-")' (# % #$&,$*#*
T b
.
HS&$* $- +$*,' #$&,$*#* #$&,$*#*
T a
T b
)$%#*' )$-
&") - #$&,$*#* )$ $/"-"7*"'
T
.
PROBLEMA N°1:
Con los datos experimentales determinaremos la capacidad calorífca del calorímetro. SOLUCIÓN:
Teniendo en cuenta el undamento teórico Calor ganado por un cuerpo = calor perdido por el otro
T e c agua =1
cal g℃
11
m1=250 g m2= 500 g Q=m . c . ∆ T maluminio= 22,6 g macero =112,2 g m plomo= 92,9 g
Q perdido =Qganado
Por defnición: Q 1 + Q 2= Q 3 m1 . c agua . ( T − T a )+ m . c calorímetro . ( T − T a ) =m 2 . c agua . ( T b−T )
( 250 ) . (1) . ( 36,6−22,2 ) +( 467.4 ) . c calorímetro. ( 36,6 −22,2 )=( 250) . (1 ) . ( 55− 36,6 ) C calorímetro=69.456
cal ℃
PROBLEMA N°2:
Determinar el calor específco del acero Q perdido =Qganado Q 1 + Q 2= Q 3 m1 . Ceagua . ( T −T a ) + m.Cecalorímetro . ( T −T a )=m2 .Ceacero . ( T b −T )
( 150 ) . (1) . ( 28−24,5 ) +( 467.4 ) . ( 0.1486 ) . ( 28 −24,5 )=( 112,2) .c acero . ( 70−28 ) Ceacero=0.1633
cal g℃
12
Determinar el calor específco del aluminio Q perdido =Qganado Q 1 + Q 2= Q 3 m1 . Ceagua . ( T −T a ) + m.Cecalorímetro . ( T −T a )=m2 .Ce aluminio . ( T b− T )
( 150 ) . (1) . ( 25,5−23,8 ) +( 467.4 ) . ( 0.1486 ) . ( 25,5 −23,8 )=( 22,6 ) .c aluminio . ( 80−25,5 ) Cealuminio=0.2166
cal g℃
Determinar el calor específco del plomo. Q perdido =Qganado Q 1 + Q 2= Q 3 m1 . Ceagua . ( T −T a ) + m.Cecalorímetro . ( T −T a )=m2 .Ce plomo . ( T b−T )
( 200 ) . (1) . ( 24 −23 ) +( 467.4 ). (0.1486 ). ( 24 −23 )=( 92,9 ) .c plomo . (85 −24 ) Ce pl o mo= 0.034
cal g℃
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0. CONC+USIONES
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•
•
•
•
E- +-'* $( - $%$* /$ ($ #*%("$*$ )$ % '7$#' '#*' )$7")' % )"$*$%+" )$ #$&,$*#*(. E- +-'* )$*9 )$ -"* )$ % +$*,' )$ -# '#*' )$ 7 #$&,$*#* (# /$ (( #$&,$*#*( ($ "-$%. L +,+")) +-'*"+ $( - +%#")) )$ +-'* %$+$(*" ,* $-$* - #$&,$*#* $% % *)'. N$(#*'( *$(-#)'( )$ --* -'( +-'*$( $(,$+""+'( )$ -'( (<-")'( +'"%+")$% ,*'?"&)&$%#$ +'% -'( $?,$(#'( $% -'( -"7*'( )$ "("+.
A- *$-"* % $?,$*"$%+" )$ +-'*"&$#*" ("$&,*$ $?"(#"*% ,$*)")( )$ +-'* - &7"$%#$ $( %$(#*' )$7$* +$* /$ $(#( ,$*)")( ($% &"%"&( ,* -'** % 7$% ,*'?"&+"'% )$ -' /$ /$*$&'( --* D"(#"%#( ((#%+"( #"$%$% )"$*$%#$( +,+"))$( ,* -&+$%* $%$* "%#$*% - "- /$ ,* 7('*7$* $%$* % 7$% ,*#$ )$ - $%$* +$ &$%#* - "%#$%(")) )$ -( "7*+"<% )$ -( *$)$( #<&"+( $(#$ #",' )$ &'"&"$%#' $( $*$(,'%(7-$ )$- &$%#' $% - #$&,$*#*. S$ +'%+-$ /$ -'( #*$( #",'( )$ &#$*"-$( #"$%$% )"$*$%#$( -'*$( )$ +$*)' (( ,*',"$))$( ("+(.
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. BIB+IORAFA
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PAUCARCUCO C*-'(. Manual de Laboratorio de Física General - UNI . L"& > F+-#) )$ C"$%+"( )$ - U%"$*(")) N+"'%- )$ I%$%"$* 200. ISBN> 2851 YOUN FREEDMAN R'$*.Sears • Zemansky Física Universitaria. 12) $). M;?"+' D. F. > P$*('% E)++"<% 200. ISBN> 860442288 SERAY R&'%) JEETT J'%. Física I para iencias e In!eniería. & $). M;?"+' D.F. > C$%$ L$*%"% 2008. ISBN> 806868220
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