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ECON 002 Penn 2012
A Cheat Sheet for the TAU test in Data Structures.
IV Solution Cheat Sheet Type
Normal Saline (NS)
1/2 Normal Saline (1/2 NS)
Description
Osmolality
Use
0.9% NaCl in Water Crystalloid Solution
Isotonic (308 mOsm)
Increases circulating plasma volume when red cells are adequate
0.45% NaCl in Water Crystalloid Solution
Hypotonic (154 mOsm)
Raises total fluid volume
Miscellaneous
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)
D5W
D5NS
Normal saline with electrolytes and buffer
Isotonic (275 mOsm)
Dextrose 5% in water Crystalloid solution
Isotonic (in the bag) *Physiologica lly hypotonic (260 mOsm)
Raises total fluid volume. Helpful in rehydrating and excretory purposes.
Dextrose 5% in 0.9% saline
Hypertonic (560 mOsm)
Replaces fluid sodium, chloride, and calories.
Dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline
Hypertonic (406 mOsm)
Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringer’s
Hypertonic (575 mOsm)
Useful for daily maintenance of body fluids and nutrition, and for rehydration. Same as LR plus provides about 180 calories per 1000cc’s.
Normosol
Isotonic (295 mOsm)
D5 1/2 NS
D5LR
Replaces fluid and buffers pH
Replaces fluid and buffers pH
Normosol-R
Replaces losses without altering fluid concentrations. concentrations. Helpful for Na+ replacement
Useful for daily maintenance of body fluid, but is of less value for replacement of NaCl deficit. Helpful for establishing renal function. Fluid replacement for clients who don’t need extra glucose (diabetics) Normal saline with K+, Ca++, and lactate (buffer) Often seen with surgery Provides 170-200 calories/1,000cc for energy. Physiologically hypotonic the dextrose is metabolized quickly so that only water remains - a hypotonic fluid
Watch for fluid volume overload
Most common postoperative fluid
Watch for fluid volume overload
pH 7.4 Contains sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium and magnesium Common fluid for OR and PACU