Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
1 Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower Kritik Ivory Tower Tower Shell Shell 2 Ivory Tower Tower Shell Shell ! Ivory Tower Tower Shell Shell " Ivory Tower Tower Kritik Kritik #verview #verview $ %inks& %inks& 'ealth 'ealth (are (are ) ) %inks& %inks& 'uman *i+hts *i+hts , , %inks& Indi+enous -eople ./atives %inks& %inks& 3ademi3 3ademi3 Simulati Simulations ons 9 %inks& %inks& -overty -overty 10 10 %inks& International *elations11 %inks& %inks& So3ial So3ial S3ien3e S3ien3e *esear3h *esear3h 12 %inks& (laimin+ 4a 4arr S3enarios 5rom -overty 1! 1! %inks& %inks& 3ademi3 3ademi3 Dis3ours Dis3ourse e 1" lternative Solven3y& 6ust %ink To Spe3ifi3 3tivities 3tivities 1$ 1$ lternati lternative ve Solven3y Solven3y 1) nswers nswers To& To& -ermute& -ermute& Do 7oth 7oth 1, nswers nswers To& To& -ermute& -ermute& Do 7oth 7oth 1 nswers nswers to& 7audrillar 7audrillard d Indi3ts Indi3ts 19 19 88Ivory Tower Tower Kritik& ff nswers88 nswers88 20 20 Ivory Tower Tower Kritik& ff ff nswers 21 Ivory Tower Tower Kritik& ff ff nswers 22 Ivory Tower Tower Kritik& ff ff nswers 2! Ivory Tower 55 nswers2" Ivory Tower Tower 55 nswers& -arado -erm -erm 2$
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
2 Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower Shell A) The Affirmativ Affirmative e is located located in the the ivory tower: tower: thei theirr abstract abstract discussions of the world that could be, deflects attention from actually making real-world changes: Nayar 1999 :;ayan< -hD from the =niversity of (ambrid+e< 5all< S3hool of %aw< =niversity of 4arwi3k Transnational Transnational %aw > (ontemporary -roblems ?#rders of Inhumanity@A
Located within a site of privilege < and 3har+ed to reflect upon the grand questions of worldB order and the human 3ondition as the third (hristian 6illennium dawns< we are tempted to turn the mind to the task of ou r Cworld Cwo rld
CtotalC view that is the takeBoff point for dis3ourses on preferred CworldBorderC futures risks deflection 3onseEuen3 e for the fa3es and the names as the abstracted projections it provokes mi+ht entail little 3onseEuen3e of the humanity on whose behalf we mi+ht speak So< what do we doF
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
! Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower Shell B) ink: the discussion of the !lan in the ivory tower creates an illusion of reality that diverts attention from !ractical solutions to !roblems: Baudrillard 199 :;ean< pril 19< C*adi3al Thou+htC< http&GGwww3theorynetGarti3lesaspFidH),A ll this defines the insoluble relationship between thou+ht and the real 3ertain type of thou+ht is an a33ompli3e of the real It starts with the hypothesis that there is a real referen3e to an idea and that there is a possible CideationC of reality This is no doubt a 3omfortin+ perspe3tive< one whi3h is based on meanin+ and de3ipherin+ This is also a polarity< similar to that used by readyBmade diale3ti3a l and philosophi3al solutions The other thou+ht< on the 3ontrary< is eB3entri3 from the real It is an CeB3enterin+C2 of the real world and< 3onseEuently< it is alien to a diale3ti3 whi3h always plays on adversarial poles It is even alien to 3riti3al thou+ht whi3h always refers to an ideal of the real To some etent< this thou+ht is not even a denial of the 3on3ept of reality
!t is an illusion < that is to say a C+ameC! played with desire .whi3h this thou+ht puts Cinto
playC< ust like metaphor is a C+ameC played with truth
This radi3al thou+ht 3omes neither from a philosophi3al doubt nor from a utopian transferen3e" .whi3h always supposes an ideal transformation of the real /or does it stem from an ideal trans3enden3e It is the Cputtin+ into playC$ of this world< the material and immanent illusion of this soB3alled CrealC world B it is a nonB3riti3al< nonBdiale3ti3al thou+ht
is an incompatibility between thought and the real 7etween thou+ht and the real< there is no necessary or natural transition /ot an So< this thou+ht appears to be 3omin+ from somewhere else In any 3ase< t here
Calternation
In reality< the notion of a real world eistin+ amon+ all other possible worlds is unima+inable It is unthinkable< e3ept perhaps as a dan+erous superstition 4e must stay away from that< ust as 3riti3al thou+ht on3e stayed away .in the name of the realL from reli+ious superstition Thinkers< +ive it another tryL worlds as there are i ma+inary onesF 4hy would there be only one real worldF 4hy su3h a mode of e3eptionF
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
" Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower Shell ") The Alternative is to take !ragmatic actions in the real world: only this solves the harms the affirmative identifies while ignoring their intellectual blinders: Baudrillard 199 .;ean< 5ren3h (ultural Theorist< so3iolo+ist and philosopher< C/o *eprieve 5or SareevoC September 2
The problem lies indeed in the nature of our reality 4e have +ot only one< and it must be preserved Jven if it is by the use of the most heinous of all paroles& C #ne must do something$ #ne cannot remain idleC Met< to do somethin+ for the sole reason that one 3annot do nothin+ never has been a valid prin3iple for a3tion< nor for liberty t the most it is an e3use for ones own p owerlessness and a token of selfBpity The people of Saraevo are not bothered by su3h Euestions 7ein+ where they are< they are in the absolute need to do what they do< to do the ri+ht thin+ They harbour no illusion about the out3ome and do not indul+e in selfBpity This is what it means to be really eistin+< to eist within reality nd this reality has nothin+ to do with the soB3alled obe3tive reality of their pli+ht< whi3h should not eist< and whi3h we do so mu3h deplore This reality eits as su3h B it is the sta rk reality of a3tion and destiny This is why they are alive< while we are dead This is why we feel the need to salva+e the reality of war in our own eyes and to impose this reality .to be pitiable upon those who suffer from it< but do not really believe in it< despite the fa3t they are in the midst of war and utter distress Susan Sonta+ herself 3onfesses in her diaries that the 7osnians do not really believe in the sufferin+ whi3h surrounds them They end up findin+ the whole situation unreal< senseless< and uneplainable It is hell< but hell of what may be termed a hyperreal kind< made even more hyperreal by the harassment of the media and the humanitarian a+en3ies< be3ause it renders the attitude of the world towards them even less unfathomable Thus< they live in a kind of +hostBlike war B whi3h is fortunate< be3ause otherwise< they would never have been able to sta nd up to it These are not my words< by the way& they say it so 7ut then Susan Sonta+< hailin+ herself from /ew Mork< must know better than them what reality is< sin3e she has 3hosen them to in3arnate it #r maybe it is simply be3ause reality is what she< and with
To re3onstitute reality< one needs to head to where blood flows ll these C3orridorsC< opened by us to funnel our foodstuffs and our C3ultureC are in fa3t our lifelines alon+ whi3h we su3k their moral stren+th and the ener+y of their distress Met another uneEual e3han+e nd to those who have found in a radi3al her all the 4estern world< is la3kin+ the most
delusion of reality .and this in3ludes the belief in politi3al rationality< whi3h supposedly rules us< and whi3h very mu3h 3onstitutes the prin3iple of Juropean reality a kind of alternative 3oura+e< that is to survive a senseless situation< to these people Susan Sonta+ 3omes to 3onvin3e them of the CrealityC of their sufferin+< by makin+ somethin+ 3ultural and somethin+ theatri3al out of it< so that it 3an be useful as a referent within the theatre of western values< in3ludin+ CsolidarityC 7ut Susan Sonta+ herself is not the issue She is merely a so3ietal instan3e of what has be3ome
toothless intellectuals swap their distress with the misery of the poor< both of them sustainin+ ea3h other< both of them lo3ked in a perverse agreement the +eneral situation whereby
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
$ Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower #ritik $verview The Affirmative remains tra!!ed in an illusion%e&tend our 'ayar e vidence: they identify !roblems in a round of debate instead of engaging them in the real world( $ur two !ieces of Baudrillard evidence says this deflects attention from real world solutions, causing us to remain tra!!ed in the ivory tower( $ur alternative engages in !ragmatic solutions in the real world without remaining tra!!ed by the blinders of the Affirmative advocacy( A cou!le of arguments at the to!: A) IAT is an illusion: They have no evidence that their !lan actually ha!!ens, nor that the ty!e of !olicy analysis they engage in makes it more likely we will engage in such actions%this is a *++ solvency take-out for the Affirmative, and means only we have a risk of offense( If their advocacy risks tra!!ing us in a world of moral blinders, you can vote 'egative( B) They are the toothless intellectuals. that Baudrillard attacks: they discuss !roblems in the ivory tower but don/t take real world activity to solve them%meaning the harms they outline are !er!etuated on a grand scale( $nly shattering the illusion with the alternative has any chance of actually solving the harms they outline%that/s our second Baudrillard card( 'ow, the line-by-line0
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
) Samford Debate Institute 2009
1ealth "are inks The affirmative acts as an Ivory Tower intellectual, reducing us to a seminar-room warrior instead of engaging in actual solutions to health care( %armer and &astineau '((' .-aul and /i3ole< ?%JN% /D '=6/ *IN'TS I/TJ*VJ/TI#/ 5#* 'J%T'& *ethinkin+ 'ealth and 'uman *i+hts& Time for a -aradi+m Shift@ ;ournal of %aw< 6edi3ine > Jthi3s 4inter ln few years a+o< the 5ren3h so3iolo+ist -ierre 7ourdieu and his 3ollea+ues pulled to+ether a 3ompendium of testimonies from those the 5ren3h term Cthe e3ludedC in order to brin+ into relief la misere du monde 7ourdieu and 3ollea+ues Eualified their 3laims for the role of s3holarship in addressin+ this misery& CTo sube3t to s3rutiny the me3hanisms whi3h render life painful< even untenable< is not to neutralie themO to brin+ to li+ht 3ontradi3tions is not to resolve themC n2! It is pre3isely su3h humility that is needed< and rarely ehibited< in a3ademi3 3ommentary on human ri+hts It is diffi3ult merely to study human ri+hts abuses 4e know with 3ertainty that ri+hts are bein+ abused at this very moment nd the fa3t that we 3an study< rather than endure< these abuses is a reminder that we too are impli3ated in and benefit from the in3reasin+ly +lobal stru3tures that determine< to an important etent< the nature and distribution of assaults on di+nity IvoryBtower en+a+ement with health and human ri+hts 3an< often enou+h< redu3e us to seminarBroom warriors t worst< we stand revealed as the hypo3rites that our 3riti3s in many parts of the world have not hesitated to 3all us nthropolo+ists have lon+ been familiar with these 3ritiEuesO spe3ialists in international health< in3ludin+ IDS resear3hers< have re3ently had a 3rash 3ourse It is possible< usually< to drown out the voi3es of those demandin+ that we stop studyin+ them< even when they +o to +reat len+ths to make sure we +et the messa+e 7ut so3ial s3ientists with more a3ute hearin+ have do3umented a ri3h trove of +raffiti< son+s< demonstrations< tra3ts< and broadsides on the sube3t hit re3ord album in 'aiti was 3alled International Organizations The title 3ut in3ludes the followin+ lines& CInternational or+aniations :8)$9A are not on our side Theyre there to help the thieves rob and devour International health stays on the sidelines of our stru++leC
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
, Samford Debate Institute 2009
1uman 2ights inks The affirmative acts as an Ivory Tower intellectual, reducing us to a seminar-room warrior instead of engaging in actual solutions to !overty( %armer and &astineau '((' .-aul and /i3ole< ?%JN% /D '=6/ *IN'TS I/TJ*VJ/TI#/ 5#* 'J%T'& *ethinkin+ 'ealth and 'uman *i+hts& Time for a -aradi+m Shift@ ;ournal of %aw< 6edi3ine > Jthi3s 4inter ln few years a+o< the 5ren3h so3iolo+ist -ierre 7ourdieu and his 3ollea+ues pulled to+ether a 3ompendium of testimonies from those the 5ren3h term Cthe e3ludedC in order to brin+ into relief la misere du monde 7ourdieu and 3ollea+ues Eualified their 3laims for the role of s3holarship in addressin+ this misery& CTo sube3t to s3rutiny the me3hanisms whi3h render life painful< even untenable< is not to neutralie themO to brin+ to li+ht 3ontradi3tions is not to resolve themC n2! It is pre3isely su3h humility that is needed< and rarely ehibited< in a3ademi3 3ommentary on human ri+hts It is diffi3ult merely to study human ri+hts abuses 4e know with 3ertainty that ri+hts are bein+ abused at this very moment nd the fa3t that we 3an study< rather than endure< these abuses is a reminder that we too are impli3ated in and benefit from the in3reasin+ly +lobal stru3tures that determine< to an important etent< the nature and distribution of assaults on di+nity !vory)tower en+a+ement with health and human ri+hts 3an< often enou+h< redu3e us to seminar)room warriors$ t worst< we stand revealed as the hypo3rites that our 3riti3s in many parts of the world have not hesitated to 3all us nthropolo+ists have lon+ been familiar with these 3ritiEuesO spe3ialists in international health< in3ludin+ IDS resear3hers< have re3ently had a 3rash 3ourse It is possible< usually< to drown out the voi3es of those demandin+ that we stop studyin+ them< even when they +o to +reat len+ths to make sure we +et the messa+e 7ut so3ial s3ientists with more a3ute hearin+ have do3umented a ri3h trove of +raffiti< son+s< demonstrations< tra3ts< and broadsides on the sube3t hit re3ord album in 'aiti was 3alled International Organizations The title 3ut in3ludes the followin+ lines& CInternational or+aniations :8)$9A are not on our side Theyre there to help the thieves rob and devour International health stays on the sidelines of our stru++leC
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
Samford Debate Institute 2009
inks: Indigenous 3eo!le 4'atives) Indigenous !eo!le don/t want academic institutions to hel! them Battiste '((( .6arie< professor at the (olle+e of Jdu3ation and (oordinator of the Indian and /orthern Jdu3ation -ro+ram within Jdu3ational 5oundations at the =niversity of Saskat3hewan *e3laimin+ Indi+enous Voi3e and Vision p+ 21!
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
9 Samford Debate Institute 2009
inks: Academic Simulations Academic simulations in debate distract from !olitical action to solve !roblems *itchell 199+ :Nordon *< sso3iate -rofessor< =niversity of -ittsbur+h< ?-JDN#NI(% -#SSI7I%ITIJS 5#* *N=6J/TTIVJ NJ/(M I/ (DJ6I( DJ7TJ@ r+umentation > dvo3a3y< Vol !$ Issue 2< p"1B )0A
4hile an isolated a3ademi3 spa3e that affords students an opportunity to learn in a prote3ted environment has si+nifi3ant peda+o+i3al value .see e+ (overstone 199$< p B9< the notion of the a3ademi3 debate tournament as a sterile laboratory 3arries with it some disturbin+ impli3ations< when the metaphor is etended to its limit To the etent that the a3ademi3 spa3e be+ins to take on 3hara3teristi3s of a laboratory< the barriers demar3atin+ su3h a spa3e from other spheres of deliberation beyond the s3hool +row taller and less permeable 4hen su3h barriers rea3h insurmountable dimensions< ar+umentation in the a3ademi3 settin+ unfolds on a purely simulated plane< with students pra3ti3in+ 3riti3al thinkin+ and advo3a3y skills in stri3tly hypotheti3al thou+htBspa3es lthou+h they may resear3h and tra3k publi3 ar+ument as it unfolds outside the 3onfines of the laboratory for resear3h purposes< in this approa3h< students witness ar+umentation beyond the walls of the a3ademy as spe3tators< with little or no apparent re3ourse to dire3tly parti3ipate or alter the 3ourse of events .see 6it3hell 199$O 199 The sense of deta3hment asso3iated with the spe3tator posture is hi+hli+hted durin+ episodes of alienation in whi3h debaters cheer news of human sufferin+ or misfortune Instead of fo3usin+ on the vis3eral ne+ative responses to news a33ounts of human death and misery< debaters over3ome with the 3ompetitive eal of 3ontest round 3ompetition show a tenden3y to 3on3entrate on the meanin+s that su3h eviden3e mi+ht hold for the stren+th of their a3ademi3 debate ar+uments 5or eample< news reports of mass starvation mi+ht tidy up the CuniEueness of a disadvanta+eC or bolster the Cinheren3y of an affirmative 3aseC .in the te3hni3al parlan3e of debateBspeak 6ur3hland 3ate+ories 3ultivation of this Cspe3tatorC mentality as one of the most politically debilitating failures of 3ontemporary edu3ation& CJdu3ational institutions have failed even more +rievously to provide the kind of 3ivi3 forums we need In fa3t< one 3ould easily 3on3lude that the prin3iple purposes of our s3hools is to deprive su33essor +enerations of their 3ivi3 voi3e< to turn them into mute and un3omprehendin+ spe3tators in the drama of politi3al lifeC .1991< p
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
10 Samford Debate Institute 2009
inks: 3overty 5ebates on 3overty are meaningless and don/t affect their needs ,nit-er '(( .;ane< ee3utive dire3tor of the /ational (enter for (hildren in -overty at (olumbia =niversity ?ll the pretty words< after Katrina@ The /ew Mork Times #3tober 1$ edition< written on #3tober 11 ln
!t is time to move beyond the liberal versus 3onservative framin+ of the debate on poverty In the real world . the one beyond intellectual debates. too many /merican families live in dire poverty. and a much larger number do not have the resources to adequately meet their basic needs for housing< food< health 3are< 3hild 3are and transportation 6any parents who work still 3ant support their families
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
11 Samford Debate Institute 2009
inks: International 2elations The real world doesn/t care about international relations theories Nye '((9 .;oseph< professor at 'arvard =niversity and epert in International *elations and Soft -ower ?S3holars on the sidelines@ The 4ashin+ton -ost< *e+ional Jdition pril 1! ln
#bama has appointed some distinguished academic economists and lawyers to his administration. but few high)ranking political scientists have been named In fa3t< the editors of a re3ent poll of more than 2<,00 international relations eperts de3lared that C the walls surrounding the ivory tower have never seemed so high$" 4hile important meri3an s3holars su3h as 'enry Kissin+er and Pbi+niew 7reinski took hi+hBlevel forei+n poli3y positions in the past< that path has tended to be a
Not many top)ranked scholars of international relations are going into government. and even fewer return to contribute to academic theory The 200 Tea3hin+< *esear3h oneBway street
and International -oli3y .T*I- poll< by the Institute for Theory and -ra3ti3e in Internati onal *elations< showed that of the 2$ s3holars rated as produ3in+ the most interestin+ s3holarship durin+ the past five years< only three had ever held poli3y positions .two in the =S +overnment and one in the =nit ed /ations The fault for this +rowin+ +ap lies not with the +overnment but with the a3ademi3s
0cholars are paying less attention to questions about how their work relates to the policy world< and in many departments a fo3us on poli3y 3an hurt ones 3areer dvan3ement 3omes faster for those who develop mathemati3al models< new methodolo+ies or theories epressed in ar+on that is unintelli+ible to poli3ymakers survey of arti3les published over the lifetime of the meri3an -oliti3al S3ien3e *eview found that about one in fi ve dealt with poli3y pres3ription or 3rit i3ism in the first half of the 3entury< while only a handful did so after 19), Jditor %ee Si+elman observed in the ournals 3entennial issue that Cif speakin+ truth to power and 3ontributin+ dire3tly to publi3 dialo+ue about th e merits and demerits of various 3ourses of a3tion were still numbered amon+ the fun3tions of the profession< one would not have known it from leafin+ throu+h its leadin+ ournalC
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
12 Samford Debate Institute 2009
inks: Social Science 2esearch Social science research doesn/t bolster international relations theory: Lepgold and Nincic '((1 .;oseph and 6irosla3< ssistant -rofessor of International ffairs and Novernment at Neor+etown =niversity and -rofessor of -oliti3al S3ien3e at the =niversity of (alifornia 7eyond the Ivory Tower& International *elations Theory and the Issue of -oli3y *elevan3e p+ !
According to much conventional wisdom, this situation is unsurprising. International relations scholars and practitioners have diferent proessional priorities and reect diferent cultures. Not only is it oten assumed that good theory must sacrice policy relevance; but also those seeing guidance in diagnosing policy situations and maing policy choices, it is oten thought, must loo or help in places other than contemporary social science research.
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
1! Samford Debate Institute 2009
inks: "laiming 6ar Scenarios rom 3overty Securiti7ing !overty !olicy em!irically !revents solvency: 0hulman '((+ .6ark< ssistant Dean for Nraduate -ro+rams and International ffairs and dun3t -rofessor of %aw at -a3e %aw S3hool ?T'J --%I(TI#/ #5 I/TJ*/TI#/% %4 T# T'J T*JT6J/T #5 DJ TI/JJS I/ T'J -*JSIDJ/TS C4* #/ TJ**#* C& T'J 5#=* 5*JJD#6S& N##D /JIN'7#*S 6KJ N##D %4 /D N##D -#%I(M I/ TI6J #5 I/SJ(=*ITM@ 5ordham %aw *eview /ovember ln
Throu+h this and parallel efforts throu+hout the war< s3holars and statesmen a3knowled+ed the 5our 5reedoms as offerin+ the most sound basis for se3urity in the postwar world 4hile s3holars were heavily involved in formulatin+ the se3urity poli3ies durin+ the war< the pro3ess of establishin+ the =nited /ations or+aniation based on the promotion of the 5our 5reedoms was anythin+ but the produ3t of ivoryBtower philosophiin+ The freedoms of epression and reli+ion were for+ed throu+h 3enturies of :8$)9A politi3al< le+al< and military 3ontests The freedom from want en3apsulated 5D*s pra3ti3al pro+rams to 3ombat unemployment< homelessness< hun+er< and the la3k of hope that 3hara3teried meri3as eperien3e durin+ the Nreat Depression %ikewise< the freedom from fear arti3ulated a realists pres3ription for over3omin+ the deadly instability posed by a 3haoti3 international order
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
1" Samford Debate Institute 2009
inks: Academic 5iscourse Academic discourse blinds us from understanding the world we live in henit- '((2 .Poey< /M= +raduate and so3ial servi3es advo3ate ?4omen venturin+ afar@ The /ew Mork Times 6ar3h 2$ ln /i3holas D Kristof .#n the *oad< Mou and 6e< 3olumn< 6ar3h 21 des3ribes his aspirations for an meri3an edu3ation system that en3oura+es university students to venture into the developin+ world and to eperien3e firsthand the vast< multi3ultural world in whi3h we live 'avin+ +raduated a semester early from /ew Mork =niversity to work at a womens shelter in (al3a< -eru< and havin+ done a semester abroad in Nhana durin+ my time in university< I 3ouldnt a+ree more #ur a3ademi3 dis3o urse is so often abstra3ted to a level of theory that the real world remains unknown 4e are bein+ edu3ated to be the leaders of a world we do not adeEuately know or understand
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
1$ Samford Debate Institute 2009
Alternative Solvency: 8ust ink To S!ecific Activities 9niversity settings !lay a s!ecial role in solving !overty linkage to s!ecific activities is critical 3incent '((4 .Nre+ory< ssistant professor at the -aul 6 'ebert %aw 3enter at %S= ?*JVIVI/N T'J %/DBN*/T IDJ T'*#=N' (#66=/ITMB=/IVJ*SITM -*T/J*S'I-S@ Southern =nion %aw *eview 5all ln #ur nations 3ities are in 3risis (entral 3ities saw a de3rease in population of $ per3ent or more in the years from 190 to 199) as 3ompared to a nationwide in3rease of 1, per3ent The unemployment rates in 3entral 3ities were $0 per3ent or more above the
national rate dditionally< the overall livin+ 3onditions were mu3h poorer in 3entral 3ities with the poverty rates in many 3entral 3ities e3eedin+ 20 per3ent in 199$< a fi+ure that was $0 per3ent hi+her than the national avera+e 6illions of urban residents live in hyperBse+re+ated 3onditions and po3kets of 3on3entrated poverty due to a powerful 3ombination of +overnmental and private a3tion InnerB3ity 3hildren attend s3hools that are separate and uneEual< despite the promise of 7rown v 7oard of Jdu3ation 'i+h rates of 3rime and health haards 3ontinue to pla+ue our nations poorest nei+hborhoods 4hile the rest of the 3ountry saw an upswin+ in the e3onomy< 3entral 3ities were beset with serious so3ioe3onomi3 problems ddin+ to the problems of urban areas is the trend of Cworldwide deindustrialiation whi3h has seen the hemorrha+in+ of traditional blueB3ollar employment< the +reater feminiation and 3asualiation of labor< the a33elerated suburbaniation of obs and investment< and a tenden3y in the new knowled+e of e3onomy for a bifur3ation of the labor market into lowBte3h and hi+hBte3h a3tivityC These variations in the e3onomy 3ompound a problem of ineEuality a nd disparity in in3ome distribution that had previously eisted in the =S& In the =nited States in 19,9< the in3ome of someone at the 9$th per3entile of the in3ome distribution
was three times the median in3ome and 1! times that of someone at the $th per3entile 7y 199)< the 3orrespondin+ fi+ures were four times and twentyBthree times The alteration in ob availability has burdened already e3onomi3allyBdepressed urban areas In parti3ular< housin+ was spe3ially affe3ted 4ith the emphasis on te3hnolo+yBbased obs and the trend for investment 3apital to be introdu3ed in suburban areas< the obs that urban populations must seek are often not lo3ated near their homes There is a Cspatial mismat3h between where they are housed and where the new obs are lo3atedC These problems 3all for the same attention that a+ri3ulture and industrial se3tors needed in the 19th 3entury and the defense and health industries needed durin+ and after 4orld 4ar II 5ortunately< there is a +rowin+ body of eviden3e that meri3an hi+her edu3ation is under+oin+ a third revolution to sEuarely address t he pressin+ problems of the urban 3ore These institutions are re3reatin+ themselves as Cen+a+ed
needs 7ok su++ests several ways a university 3ould meet its so3ial responsibilities< in3ludin+& developin+ health 3lini3s in poor nei+hborhoods< establishin+ etension pro+rams for lo3al residents to learn new skills< and investin+ funds and epertise to work with 3ommunity +roups on urbanBrenewal proe3ts or 3onstru3tin+ housin+ 3ompatible with lo3al needs Jrnest 7oyer 3alled for the 3reation of the C/ew meri3an (olle+eC These 3olle+es would 3onne3t tea3hin+< resear3h< and servi3e into a mission of 3ommunity outrea3h This 3onne3tion is best des3ribed as& The 3orporate a3tivities of a university beyond its immediate 3ivi3 responsibilities that involves 3ons3ious 3ommitment by a3ademi3 units of the university to some role in the problemBsolvin+ efforts of so3iety and whi3h is fo3used on the developin+ of human< national< and 3ommunity resour3es It involves a purposive etension or linka+e of the universitys spe3ial 3ompeten3e and resour3es to or+aniations and individuals outside the university
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
1) Samford Debate Institute 2009
Alternative Solvency Individuals who debate issues have a s!ecial res!onsibility to engage in actual activities to solve !overty *ogill '((1 .6i3hael< -rofessor of %aw at -ennsylvania State =niversity ?-rofessin+ -ro 7ono& To 4alk The Talk@ /otre Dame ;ournal of %aw< Jthi3s > -ubli3 -oli3y ln The law professor who does not provide pro bono servi3e has missed the opportunity to perform work that is a Cmemorable and fulfillin+ part of the oy of our professionC n1) 'e :'eGsheA has lost the 3han3e to play a +reater role in so3iety and to +ain a +reater respe3t from his students 'e has further i+nored the 3han3e to remind future attorneys of their professional duties by havin+ :8!$A shared ne3essary lawyerin+ skills with his students via his pro bono work< showin+ Cthe way thin+s are a3tually doneC n1)9 Students will see the law as less impersonal and abstra3t throu+h their professors eperien3es in the usti3e system< thus enri3hin+ the dialo+ue in the 3lassroom as tea3her is elevated to pra3titioner and not merely viewed as an ivor y tower ideolo+ue The professor throu+h his own C+ood deedsC will have helped to shape his students towards a 3ommitment to assistin+ those in need< throu+h takin+ a step in the dire3tion of improvin+ the publi3 per3eption of the le+al profession and raisin+ its inte+rity in the eyes of the publi3 n1,0 The rewards will be shared by both the 3lients and the students thus served by the professorBpra3titioner
9niversity led !ro;ects bolster the community and the university: Bok 19+' .Derek< former professor at and president of 'arvard =niversity 7eyond the Ivory Tower p+ 2!) part from 3ash payments< universities 3an also provide a variety of useful servi3es to the surroundin+ 3ommunity wise administration will find several reasons to pursue these opportunities Some servi3es will +ive pleasure to others at so little 3ost to the university that they are well worth doin+ for their own sake Jfforts to help the 3ommunity 3an also 3reate a measure of +ood will to soften the inevitable dis3ontents over student behavior< university epansion< or the taBeempt status of the institution 5inally< many nei+hborhood proe3ts 3an serve the interests of the university and simultaneously benefit the 3ommunity Thus student instru3tors may improve the Euality of the publi3 s3hools while helpin+ to prepare the parti3ipants for tea3hin+ 3areers< ust as 3ooperative efforts to desi+n a nearby park further the 3ommon interest of the university and lo3al residents in enhan3in+ the surroundin+ nei+hborhood
Academic institutions have an obligation to meet the community/s needs Bok 19+' .Derek< former professor at and president of 'arvard =niversity 7eyond the Ivory Tower p+ !01B!02 There is no reason for universities to feel un3omfortable in takin+ a33ount of so3ietyQs needsO in fa3t< they have a 3lear obli+ation to do so fter all< institutions of hi+her learnin+ have a near monopoly of vital intelle3tual resour3es in the so3iety They +ive 3redentials that are essential for a33ess to many desirable 3areersO they reform the bulk of basi3 resear3h in the 3ountryO they 3ommand a lar+e portion of the supply of 3ertain forms of valued epertise 6oreover< mu3h of the fundin+ they reEuire for their very eisten3e 3omes dire3tly or indire3tly from the tapayin+ publi3 In these 3ir3umstan3es< it is only fair that universities seek to use their resour3es in a manner that is reasonably responsive to so3ial needs The problem is to de3ide what kind of response is appropriate
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
1, Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
1 Samford Debate Institute 2009
Answers To: 3ermute: 5o Both The !erm !uts them in a double-bind: either they sever out of the discourse of the *A" or they still link to the #ritik( A( If they get out of their Ivory Tower re!resentations of the *A" then that is severance, which is bad because it allows them to be a moving target, s!iking out of all of our 5A and # links( B( If they aren/t severance than they still are hiding in the ivory tower and still deflects attention from getting things done( That is our 'ayar in *<<< evidence( Their !ermutation gets corru!ted by the links: unless !ragmatic services are !rovided in the right s!irit can they solve for e=uality for the !oor: %armer and &astineau '((' .-aul and /i3ole< ?%JN% /D '=6/ *IN'TS I/TJ*VJ/TI#/ 5#* 'J%T'& *ethinkin+ 'ealth and 'uman *i+hts& Time for a -aradi+m Shift@ ;ournal of %aw< 6edi3ine > Jthi3s 4inter ln 4hat< then< should be the role of the 5irst 4orld university< of resear3hers and healthB3are professionalsF 4hat should be the role of students and others lu3ky enou+h to be amon+ the CwinnersC in the +lobal eraF 4e 3an a+ree< perhaps< that these 3enters are fine pla3es from whi3h to 3ondu3t resear3h< to do3ument< and to tea3h university does not have the same entan+lements or 3onstraints as an international institution su3h as the =nited /ations< or as or+aniations su3h as mnesty International or
in theory< provide a uniEue and privile+ed spa3e for 3ondu3tin+ resear3h and en+a+in+ in 3riti3al assessment In human ri+hts work< however< resear3h and 3riti3al assessment are insuffi3ientBBanalysis alone cannot curb human rights violations /o more adeEuate< for all their virtues< are denun3iation and ehortation< whether in the form of press 3onferen3es or reports or haran+ues dire3ted at students To 3onfront< as an observer< on+oin+ abuses of human ri+hts is to be fa3ed with a moral dilemma& Does ones a3ti on -hysi3ians for 'uman *i+hts =niversities 3ould<
help the sufferers or the systemF The in3reasin+ly baroEue 3odes of resear3h ethi3s +enerated by institutional review boards will n ot help us out of this dilemma< nor will medi3al ethi3s< whi3h are so often restri3ted to the Euandary ethi3s of the individual 7ut 3ertain models of en+a+ement are not irrelevant If the universityBbased human ri+hts worker is in a pe3uliar position< it is not entirely unlike that of the 3lini3ian resear3her 7oth study sufferin+O both are bound to relieve itO neither is in possession of a triedBandBtrue remedy 7oth the human ri+hts spe3ialist and the 3lini3ian resear3her have blind spots< too To push the analo+y further< it 3ould be ar+ued that there are< in both lines of work< obli+ations re+ardin+ the standard of 3are #n3e a reasonably effe3tive intervention has been identified< itBBand not a pla3eboBBis 3onsidered the standard a+ainst whi3h a new remedy must be tested In the +lobal era< is it wise to set< as policy goals< double standards for the ri3h world and the poor world< when we know that these are not different worlds but in fa3t the same oneF (an we treat the ri3h with the C+old standard
That we have failed to meet hi+h +oals does not imply that the net step is to lower our si+hts< althou+h this has been the default lo+i3 in many instan3es The net step is to try new approa3hes and to hed+e our bets with indisputably effe3tive interventions -rovidin+ pragmatic services to the afflicted is one obvious form of intervention But the spirit in which these services are delivered makes all the difference Servi3e delivery 3an be ust that< or it 3an be pra+mati3 solidarity< linked to the broader +oals of eEuality and usti3e for the poor +ain< my invariably see the world as one world< riven by terrible ineEuality and inusti3eF pla3ebo is a pla3ebo is a pla3ebo
own eperien3e in 'aiti< whi3h be+an in 19!< made this 3lear The Duvalier di3tatorship was then in power< seemin+ly immovable Its 3hief sour3e of eternal finan3ial aid was the =nited States and various international institutions< many of them ostensibly 3haritable in nature The lo3al dire3tor of =SID at the time had often e pressed the view that if 'aiti was underdeveloped< the 6J %IKJM 7#=/(MR6J %IKJM 7#=/(M 3auses were to be sou+ht in 'aitian 3 ulture .!0 The 4orld 7ank and the International 6onetary 5und seemed to be part of the same +iant blur of international aid or+aniations that 'aitians ass o3iated< a33urately enou+h< with =S forei+n poli3y
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
19 Samford Debate Institute 2009
Answers To: 3ermute: 5o both And, Scholarly research disconnects us further from !olicy makers and causes scholars to withdraw from society: only the alternative avoids this Lepgold and Nincic '((1 .;oseph and 6irosla3< ssistant -rofessor of International ffairs and Novernment at Neor+etown =niversity and -rofessor of -oliti3al S3ien3e at the =niversity of (alifornia 7eyond the Ivory Tower& International *elations Theory and the Issue of -oli3y *elevan3e p+ 2B! 5or many reasons< 3onne3tions between s3holarly ideas and poli3ymakersQ thinkin+ in international relations are less 3ommon today< and the +ap may +row unless we rethink 3arefully our approa3h to poli3y relevan3e Deep< often ritualied rivalry amon+ theoreti3al s3hools makes it unlikely that future offi3ials will leave their university trainin+ in this sube3t with a 3lear< wellBformed worldview Su3h intelle3tual 3ompetition< of 3ourse< could be stimulatin+ and useful< espe3ially if it led offi3ials to Euestion their basi3 3ausal assumptions or 3onsider rival eplanations of the 3ases they fa3e 6ore 3ommonly< offi3ials seem to remember the repetitive< often strident theoreti3al debates as unprodu3tive and tiresome /ot only is mu3h international relations s3holarship tedious< in their viewO it is often te3hni3ally Euite diffi3ult -artly for this reason< mu3h of it is so substantively arid that even many s3holarly spe3ialists avoid tryin+ to penetrate it 5rom a pra3titionerQs perspe3tive< it often seems as if university s3holars are in3reasin+ly ?withdrawin+ behind a 3urtain of theory and models@ that only insiders 3an penetrate
The technocratic nature of their scholarly discourse corru!ts !olicymaking %!reventing the disru!tive !otential of their !ermutation ,ulynych 1995 .;essi3a< sst -rofessor of -oliti3al S3ien3e at 4inthrop =niversity -olity< 4inter p!1$ 4hen we look at the su33ess of 3itien initiatives from a performative perspe3tive< we look pre3isely at those moments of defian3e and disruption that brin+ the invisible and unima+inable into view lthou+h 3itiens were minimally su33essful in influen3in+ or 3ontrollin+ the out3ome of the poli3y debate and eperien3ed a 3onsiderable la3k of autonomy in their 3oer3ion into the te3hni3al debate< the +oalBoriented debate within
the ener+y 3ommissions 3ould be seen as a defiant moment of performative politi3s The eisten3e of a +oalBoriented debate within a te3hni3ally dominated arena defied the normaliin+ separation between epert poli3ymakers and 3onsumin+ 3itiens (itiens momentarily re3reated themselves as poli3ymakers in a system that defined 3itiens out of the poli3y pro3ess< thereby refusin+ their 3onstru3tion as passive 3lients The disruptive potential of the ener+y 3ommissions 3ontinues to defy te3hni3al bureau3ra3y even while their de3isions are nonBbindin+ S'J (#/TI/=JSR (onsider< for eample< a publi3 hearin+ 4hen seen from a dis3ursive le+itimation perspe3tive< deliberation and debate are about the sin3ere< 3ontrolled attempt to dis3ern the best< most rational< least biased ar+uments that most pre3isely epress an interlo3utorQs ideas and interests In pra3ti3e< however< deliberation is a mu3h less deliberative and mu3h more performative a3tivity The literary aspe3ts of debate
irony< satire< sar3asm< and wit work pre3isely on the slippa+e between what is said and what is meant< or what 3an be said and what 3an be 3on3eived Strate+ies su3h as humor are not merely rational< but vis3eral and often un3ontrollable< as is the lau+hter that is evoked from su3h strate+ies -erformative a3tions are not alternative ways of deliberatin+O rather they are a+onisti3 epressions of what 3annot be 3aptured by deliberative rationality s su3h< they resist the 3onfines of that rationality and +esture toward pla3es where words< ar+uments< and 3laims are not enou+h 4ithout an understandin+ of the
performative aspe3ts of politi3al a3tion< 'a+er 3annot eplain how 3itiens are able to introdu3e +enuinely new and different ?ways of per3eivin+ and namin+ the world@ into a realm where su3h epistemi3 standards are unima+inable It is in the pro3ess of a3tin+ as 3itiens in a te3hni3al bureau3rati3 settin+< where 3itien a3tion is by definition pre3luded< that alternative< epistemi3 standards of evaluation be3ome possible #nly when s3holars re3o+nie the performative will they be able to +rasp the intri3a3ies of 3ontemporary politi3al a3tions and the possibilities for an a3tually diverse and parti3ipatory demo3ra3y
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
20 Samford Debate Institute 2009
Answers to: Baudrillard Indicts Baudrillard is one of the most im!ortant !hiloso!hers of the !resent age ,ellner '((5 .Dou+las< -rofessor of -hilosophy at (olumbia =niversity ?;ean 7audrillard@ Stanford Jn3y3lopedia of -hilosophy 6ar3h , http&GGplatostanfordeduGentriesGbaudrillard 5ren3h theorist ;ean 7audrillard .1929200, was one of the foremost intelle3tual fi+ures of the present a+e whose work 3ombines philosophy< so3ial theory< and an idiosyn3rati3 3ultural metaphysi3s that refle3ts on key events of phenomena of the epo3h sharp 3riti3 of 3ontemporary so3iety< 3ulture< and thou+ht< 7audrillard is often seen as a maor +uru of 5ren3h postmodern theory< althou+h he 3an also be read as a thinker who 3ombines so3ial theory and philosophy in ori+inal and provo3ative ways and a writer who has developed his own style and forms of writin+ 'e was an etremely prolifi3 author who has published over thirty books and 3ommented on some of the most salient 3ultural and so3iolo+i3al phenomena of the 3ontemporary era< in3ludin+ the erasure of the distin3tions of +ender< ra3e< and 3lass that stru3tured modern so3ieties in a new postmodern 3onsumer< media< and hi+h te3h so3ietyO the mutatin+ roles of art and aestheti3sO fundamental 3han+es in politi3s< 3ulture< and human bein+sO and the impa3t of new media< information< and 3yberneti3 te3hnolo+ies in the 3reation of a Eualitatively different so3ial order< providin+ fundamental mutations of human and so3ial life
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
21 Samford Debate Institute 2009
>>Ivory Tower #ritik: Aff Answers>> Turn: 2ole !laying as !ublic actors is vital to hold the government accountable and to create wides!read moral res!onsibility 6awls 1999 .;ohn< imminent philosopher The %aw of -eoples p$)B, 'ow is the ideal of publi3 reason realied by 3itiens who are not government officialsF In a representative +overnment< 3itiens vote for representatives83hief ee3utives< le+islators< and the like8not for parti3ular laws .e3ept at a state or lo3al level
To answer this Euestion< we say that< ideally< citi-ens are to think of themselves as if they were legislators and ask themselves what statutes < supported by what reasons satisfyin+ the 3riterion of re3ipro3ity< they would think it most reasonable to ena3t 4hen firm and widespread< the disposition of 3itiens to view themselves as ideal le+islators< and to repudiate +overnment offi3ials and 3andidates for publi3 offi3e who violate publi3 reason< forms part of the politi3al and so3ial basis of liberal demo3ra3y and is vital for its endurin+ stren+th and vi+or Thus is domesti3 so3iety 3itiens fulfill their duty of 3ivility and support the idea of publi3 reason< while doin+ what they 3an to hold +overnement offi3als to it This duty< like other politi3al ri+hts and duties is an intrinsi3ally moral duty I emphasie that it is not a le+al duty< for in that 3ase it would be in3ompatible where they may vote dire3tly on referenda Euestions< whi3h are not usually fundamental Euestions
with freedom of spee3h Similarly< the ideal of the publi3 reason of free and eEual peoples is realied< or satisfied< whenever 3hief ee3utives and le+islators< and other +overnment offi3ials< as well as 3andidates for publi3 offi3e< a3t from and follow the prin3iples of the %aw of -eoples and eplain to other peoples their reasons for pursuin+ or revisin+ a people s f orei+n poli3y and affairs of state that involve other so3ieties s for private 3itiens< we say< as before< that ideally
3itiens are to think of themselves as if they were ee3utives and le+islators and ask themselves what forei+n poli3y supported by what 3onsiderations they would think it most reasonable to advan3e #n3e a+ain< when firm and widespread< the disposition of 3itiens to view themselves as ideal ee3utives and le+islators< and to repudiate +overnment offi3ials and 3andidates for publi3 offi3e who violate the publi3 reason of free and eEual peoples< is part of the publi3 reason of free and eEual peoples< is part of the politi3al and so3ial basis of pea3e and understandin+ amon+ peoples
?ven if their # is right- giving u! !olicy making is the worst !ossible o!tion ,leinman and ,leinman 1992 .rthur and ;oan< -rof 'arvard 6edi3al S3hool and -rof = 6iddlese< The ppeal of Jperien3e< Daedalus< 4inter< 12$& 1< p 1,B #ur 3ritiEue of appropriations of sufferin+ that do no harm does not mean that no appropria tions are valid To 3on3lude that would be to undermine any attempt to respond to human misery It would be more destru3tive than the problem we have identifiedO to would paralye so3ial a3tion 4e must draw upon the ima+es of human sufferin+ in order to identify human needs and to 3raft humane response
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
22 Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower #ritik: Aff Answers The affirmative !rovides a !olitical vision that unites grou!s around the cause of solving !overty( 7acoby '((' .Sanford< 'oward /oble -rofessor of 6ana+ement< 'istory< and -oli3y Studies< =(% ?6ean and Varian3e@ Industrial > %abor *elations *eview ;uly ln 4hat is missin+ from the present situation< however< is a politi3al vision that would unite +roups around a sense of 3ommon fate 4hen that vision takes shape< a 3onsensus 3an be for+ed to stren+then our distin3tively meri3an CmiedC system for ensurin+ se3urity< eEuity< and parti3ipation at work rti3ulatin+ that vision is a 3hallen+eBBfor politi3al leaders and for resear3hers like ourselves< who< despite our ivoryBtower pro3livities< nevertheless are 3apable of brin+in+ fa3ts and analysis to bear on politi3al dis3ourse In this re+ard< Working in America is a model of en+a+ed s3holarship The book was written before present possibilities emer+ed< but it remains a reliable and in3isive +uide to the shape of thin+s to 3ome
3ermute 5o Both the !lan and non-com!etitive !arts of the alternative: "ombining Academic Analysis with Activism is the best way to create social !rogress( Bender '((5 .Steven< The ;ames and Ilene 'ershner -rofessor of %aw at the =niversity of #re+on S3hool of %aw ?SM6-#SI=6& %at(rit I 4orkin+ and %ivin+ in the Nlobal -lay+round& 5rontsta+e and 7a3ksta+e& *TI(%J& %/N=NJ& Introdu3tion& #ld 'ate in /ew 7ottles& -rivatiin+< %o3aliin+< and 7undlin+ ntiB Spanish and ntiBImmi+rant Sentiment in the 21st (entury@ /evada %aw ;ournal Summer ln 4hat is missin+ from %at(rit lan+ua+e dis3ourse< and mu3h of %at(rit dis3ourse< is the blueprint for su3h a mass movement that tar+ets the many interrelated fa3ets of subordination today -erhaps that blueprint is best 3on3eived or+ani3ally< on the streets< and then mapped by a3ademi3s 7ut I think that the ne3essary so3ial and ra3ial movement must +ather stren+th from the 3ombined effort and thinkin+ of all sour3es B with a blurrin+ of the roles of a3ademi3 and a3tivist That is askin+ a +reat deal from todays s3holars< who are rewarded by their home institutions for their s3holarly a3hievements as measured by the 3aliber of the pla3ement of their writin+s< and i+nored for their a3hievements in the 3ommunity and for their influen3e on the streets< espe3ially the unpaved ones far from the ivory tower 7ut those streets often hold the key to our pro+ress as a nation< in the battle over whether we will 3ontinue to s3ape+oat the least powerful B the immi+rants< do3umented or not B or whether we will re3o+nie the stren+th to be +ained as a nation by embra3in+ their 3ontributions and their pla3e in the Cmeri3anC dream
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
2! Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower #ritik: Aff Answers ?ven those who o!!ose radical university goals in society agree that universities should still serve society Bok 19+' .Derek< former professor at and president of 'arvard =niversity 7eyond the Ivory Tower p+ )$B))
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
2" Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower #ritik: Aff Answers Turn: Tying Academic Institutions to outside !roblem-solving risks coo!tion by neo-conservative forces, like the military( Bok 19+' .Derek< former professor at and president of 'arvard =niversity 7eyond the Ivory Tower p+ )$B))
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
2$ Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
2) Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower A Answers ?ducation is not affected by going out and s erving the community Bok 19+' .Derek< former professor at and president of 'arvard =niversity 7eyond the Ivory Tower p+ ,"B,$
Ivory Tower Kritik Vande Kamp
2, Samford Debate Institute 2009
Ivory Tower A Answers: 3arado& 3erm 3ermute: do both: !arado&es allow us to re-envision society: Baudrillard. a %rench sociologist and philosopher. 19+1 .;ean< 5ren3h (ultural Theorist< so3iolo+ist and philosopher Simula3ra and Simulation p 1B19
(onun3tion of the system and of its etreme alternative like the two sides of a 3urved mirror< a Cvi3iousC 3urvature of a politi3al spa3e that is hen3eforth ma+netied< 3ir3ularied< reversibilied from the ri+ht to the left< a torsion that is like that of the evil spirit of 3ommutation< the whole system< the infinity of 3apital folded ba3k on its own surfa3e& transfiniteF nd is it not the same for desire and the libidinal spa3eF (onun3tion of desire and value< of desire and 3apital (onun3tion of desire and the law< the final pleasure as the metamorphosis of the law .whi3h is why it is so widely the order of the day& only 3apital takes pleasure< said %yotard< before thinkin+ that we now take pleasure in 3apital #verwhelmin+ versatility of desire in Deleue< an eni+mati3 reversal that brin+s desire Crevolutionary in itself< and a s if involuntarily< wantin+ what it wants
is always a Euestion of moving the real through the imaginary < provin+ truth throu+h s3andal< provin+ the law throu+h trans+ression< provin+ work throu+h strikin+< provin+ the system throu+h 3risis< and 3apital throu+h revolution< as it is elsewhere .the Tasaday of provin+ ethnolo+y throu+h the dispossession of its obe3tBwithout takin+ into a33ount& t he proof of theater throu+h antitheaterO the proof of art throu+h antiartO the proof of peda+o+y throu+h antipeda+o+yO the proof of psy3hiatry throu+h antipsy3hiatry< et3 Jverythin+ is metamorphosed into its opposite to perpetuate itself in it s epur+ated form ll
the powers< all the institutions speak of themselves throu+h denial< in order to attempt< by simulating death < to es3ape their real death throes -ower 3an sta+e its own murder to redis3over a +limmer of eisten3e and le+itima3y Su3h was the 3ase with some meri3an presidents& the Kennedys were murdered be3ause they still had a politi3al dimension The others< ;ohnson< /ion< 5ord< only had the ri+ht to phantom attempts< to simulated murders 7ut this aura of an artifi3ial mena3e was still ne3essary to 3on3eal that they were no lon+er anythin+ but the manneEuins of power 5ormerly< the kin+ .also the +od had to die< therein lay his power Today< he is miserably for3ed to fei+n death< in order to preserve the blessin+ of power 7ut it is lost To
seek new blood in its own death< to renew the 3y3le throu+h the mirror of 3risis< ne+ativityO and antipower& this is the only solutionBalibi of every power < of every institution attemptin+ to break the vi3ious 3ir3le of its irresponsibility and of its fundamental noneisten3e< of its already seen and of its already dead
