KALKADOON
First Edition
L A N G U A G E Pict orial Dicti onar y
culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition land culture tradition culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition land culture tradition
CONTENTS Acknowledgements
page 2
Introduction
page 3
Kalkadoon People, Region and Language
page 3
Key to Pronunciation
page 4
Grammar notes
page 5
Nouns
page 6
Pronouns
page 7
Verbs
page 9
Other endings on Nouns and Verbs
page 10
Kalkadoon to English wordlist
page 12
English to Kalkadoon finder
page 62
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 1
Acknowledgements Compiler/researcher Kathrin Enoch
Additional language assistance Richard Smith
Consultant linguists Barry Blake Gavan Breen
Illustrations Jenny Green, Jenny Taylor, Christine Bruderlin and IAD Press
Cover art Front: Picture courtesy of North Western Qld Cultural Heritage Council & Community Aboriginal Corporation Back: Designed by Kathrin Enoch
Funding ICC – Indigenous Coordination Centre Mount Isa DCITA – Dept of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (Commonwealth Governments Language Access Initiative Program)
Grateful thanks are due to the Kalkadoon Aboriginal People for their support to reproduce so much valuable material. page 2 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
Introduction The words featuring in the dictionary were collected mainly from the people Barry Blake names in the 1969 grammar. By the time he published the 1979 grammar (A Kalkatungu Grammar) he had recorded about 100 hours of tape.
However, the descendants of those who survived, inhabit the region of Mount Isa and surrounding areas (see map below), and are still known for their practice of culture and have continued connection to their land and country.
A basis for this pictorial dictionary was word lists prepared by a linguist Gavan Breen based on the compilation of Barry Blake. The Kalkadoon language differs to neighboring tribe language, but do share the rules of grammar and dictionary features with other Australian languages.
Cairns
Mount Isa Rockhampton
With traditional customs abandoned, the essential BRISBANE link which binds the past to the present Kalkadoon people had broken down. This consequence has resulted in little or no attempt to restore the Kalkadoon also pronounced ‘Kalkatungu or language. Kalkadungu’ is an Australian Aboriginal language of However, elders who retain the ability of the suffix type. This means letters are added to the pronouncing the language, with the aid of the end of a word to give its origin. Kalkadoon Pictorial dictionary and recorded Kalkutungu is the careful pronunciation of the materials may well be rejuvenated through language name. It has often been spelt Kalkatungu, developed workshops to enhance learning for and it does often sound like that. The u on the end Kalkadoon people, their children and other of the name is only pronounced lightly and hardly learners. heard. That is why it is missing from the common spelling, Kalkadoon, which is an English-style spelling.
K a l k a d o o n Pe o p l e , Region and Language
A lot of entries are written in reverse order, for example; parrot, ringneck instead of ringneck parrot, or corroboree, type of instead of type of corroboree. This is because parrot and corroboree are the significant word and we want it to appear in the The Kalkadoons were a western Queensland tribe English alphabetical list, and because it’s the word of Aborigines and are legendary for the battle people are more likely to look for. against police defending their territory at ‘Battle Mountain’ in 1884. They had an aggressive There are a lot of entries with to, like make, to. This reputation as warriors and in view of this fact it has could be changed to make or just make. been identified in studies around the world. There is a lot more to Kalkadoon grammar In addition to their lands being alienated and numbers reduced by the massacre and disease, the Kalkadoon as a tribe and their traditional way of life suffered.
than what we have been able to give here whole books have been written about it. We hope this will help you to start making simple sentences in the language. Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 3
Key to pronunciation a Like a in about, or u in cut. Between sounds that are written with a j or y (y, tj, ny, ly) it is more like a in cat; for example, in yanyi. i Like i in hit or middle k Not as strong as English k, between k and g. Kami is a bit like gummy. After ng it is more like g. English has two sounds, k and g, but Kalkutungu has just the one, written k, that might sound more like k or g to an English speaker. l As in English lh Like l but with the tongue touching the tips of the front teeth. Like the sound in 'pull them' when you run the ll sound and the th sound together. ly Like the lli in million. m As in English n As in English
r Like in Australian English rl Like l, but with the tongue curved back so that it touches the roof of your mouth further back than when you say l. Like in an American pronunciation of curl. rn Like n, but with the tongue curved back so that it touches the roof of your mouth further back than when you say n. Like in an American pronunciation of burn. rr Like a rolled r, but only a short roll. rl Like t, but with the tongue curved back so that it touches the roof of your mouth further back than when you say t. Like in an American pronunciation of hurt. t Not as strong as in English; between t and d. After n it is more like d. English has two sounds, t and d, but Kalkutungu has just the one, written t, that might sound more like t or d to an English speaker.
th Like t but with the tongue touching the tips of the ng front teeth. Like in English bunger. It often comes at the beginning of a word, which it Like the sound in 'got them' when you run the t sound and the th sound together. never does in English. Practise saying bunger but holding on to the ng Not much like English th. sound. tj Then try breaking the word in the middle of the ng Like ty in 'got you'. sound - bung nger. A bit like tch in butcher but with much less hiss. nh u Like n but with the tongue touching the tips of the Like u in put or oo in foot. front teeth. w Like the sound in 'seen them' when you run the n As in English. sound and the th sound together. y ny As in English Like in English canyon or Tanya. Note that ng is like in bunger, not like in hunger. p The sound in the middle of hunger would be Not as strong as in English; between p and b. written ngk. After m it is more like b. English has two sounds, p and b, but Kalkutungu has Words are always pronounced with the strongest just the one, written p, that might sound more like stress on the first syllable. So, for example, kapani rhymes more with 'company' than with 'a bunny'. p or b to an English speaker. page 4 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
Grammar notes Most of the words in the Kalkadoon language (and in most languages) are what we call nouns. These are words like, in English, man, horse, virus, house, hill, river, star, air, rain, job, responsibility, sickness, dream — words that name a creature (including people), thing, substance, state or concept. Anything you can talk about. The class of nouns is continually growing; people are making up new nouns all the time, like telco and agreeance, and some of them catch on and some don’t. The next biggest lot of words is the verbs. These are the doing or being words — words you can put ing on the end of, like walk, talk, fight, suffer, die, imagine. This class grows, too, but not so fast. The third biggest in English is adjectives, words that describe, like blue, big, round, complicated, ugly. However, in Kalkadoon, and many other Australian languages, these behave exactly like nouns and can be lumped together with them.There are several small classes of words, that never grow, and the most important of these is the personal pronouns, like I, me, you, he, she, it, him, her, we, they and a few others.The small word classes of Kalkadoon will be introduced below.
kuaanha ‘to the river’, kuapiangu ‘from the river’, kuangii ‘along the river, kuangiinha ‘towards the river’, kuayan ‘having a river’, kuaiti ‘not having a river’, and so on. Because of the endings that show how words fit into a sentence, the order of words is not as important in speaking Kalkadoon as it is in English. In English ‘The man bit the dog’ has a quite different meaning than ‘The dog bit the man’, but in Kalkadoon the word for the ‘doer’ normally has a special ending (or in the case of some pronouns, a special form), and it is that, and not the position at the front of the sentence, that tells the hearer which one did the biting. However, there are preferred was of ordering the words. One preference is to put a pronoun in second place, and another is to put the verb last. So: Martuyu ngai nanga ‘Mum saw me’, and Martu ngathu nanga ‘I saw mum’.
Remember, though, that the basic meaning would not change if you changed the order of the words. So Ngathu martu nanga, or Ngathu nanga martu, or Martu nanga ngathu, or Nanga ngathu martu, or The dictionary has all the words we know of the Nanga martu ngathu would all mean ‘I saw mum’. In language, but you can’t make sentences in the every one of these, the fact that ‘I’ is ngathu and not language by just putting these words together. There are rules about how to put words together, ngai means that I am the one who did the seeing. and, most importantly, there are a large number of Often instead of having single words fitting into a endings that can be put onto words to show how sentence we have phrases with two or more they relate to other words in a sentence. We have words. For example, in endings in English too; for example, there is a word Tjipai thukuyu ngai itjanha ‘This dog bit me’ the first ‘walk’, which is a verb, and when we are using it we two words, meaning ‘this dog’ count as a unit and often put endings on it: walks, walking, walked, so we can still say the pronoun ngai is in second walker. Kalkadoon has endings like that too, but it place. If one of the words in the phrase describes has many more than English. Another way we can a noun (corresponding to an adjective in English), show how words in a sentence relate to other this goes after the noun. So we say tjaa thuku ‘this words in the sentence is by using words — mostly dog’ and ngatji thuku ‘my dog’ but ‘big dog’ is not little words — like of, in, at, on, to, from, between, yaun thuku but thuku yaun, like saying ‘dog big’. alongside. The Kalkadoon language doesn’t have many words like those, but instead it uses endings. If a sentence is a question, the question word (like So, for example, kua is ‘river’, kuapia is ‘at the river’, ‘what?’ or ‘who?’ or ‘why?”) normally comes first. Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 5
Nouns You will notice that in ‘Mum saw me’ the word for mum, martu, has an ending on it. This is called an ergative suffix, and it is used on a noun in a sentence like this where someone or something does something to someone else or something else, to show which one is doing it. The same ending was on the word for dog, thuku, in the other sentence above, about the dog biting me. The ending is not always yu; it usually depends on what the ending of the word is, and sometimes on what sort of word it is (for example, a kinship term or family word like mother). The various ergative endings are as follows:
follow these rules, and these are listed below. The ergative ending is also used for an instrument — the thing you use to do something with. For example: Makathi ngai pintjatinha kankarithu ‘I cut my hand with a knife’ (literally, hand I cut-self knife-with) the instrument, kankari ‘knife’ has the ending thu.
Other main endings are: Locative, saying where something is or who somebody is with: thi on words of more than two a] On a kinship term ending in u the ending is yu, syllables ending in a vowel, and pia on all other as for martu ‘mother’ above; words, so Paimarrathi is ‘at Cloncurry (Paimarra)’ on a kinship term ending in a or i the ending is i, so and nhautpia ‘with a child (nhaut)’; kurla ‘father’ with the ending is kurlai, and pupi ‘mother’s brother’ with the ending is pupii; Dative, saying who for or what for or whose: ku on b] On a word of two syllables ending in a vowel (a, i, u) and containing a nasal sound (m, n, nh, ny, rn, ng) followed by a stop sound (p, t, th, tj, rt, k) the ending is ku; for example kunka ‘stick’ with the ergative ending is kunkaku;
words ending in a consonant and if the word ends in a vowel you repeat the vowel, so kalpinku is ‘for the young man (kalpin)’ or ‘the young man’s’ and kurlaa is ‘for father (kurla)’ or ‘father’s’; allative, saying where to: nha added to the dative c] On other words of two syllables it is ngku, so ending, so taunkunha is ‘to town (taun)’ and kupu ‘spider’ becomes kupungku; kuaanha is ‘to the river (kua)’; on longer words ending in a vowel it is thu, so Ablative, saying where from: ngu added to the matjumpa ‘kangaroo’ becomes matjumpathu; locative ending, so Paimarrathingu is ‘from d] On words ending in n or l it is tu, so kalpin Cloncurry’ and mangarnaanpiangu ‘from the doctor ‘young man’ becomes kalpintu; (mangarnaan)’. e] Words ending in t, the t is replaced by rtu, so utingat ‘emu’ becomes utingartu; Some words that don’t follow the rules are listed f] Words ending in yn, the yn is replaced by ntju, so here, with the nominative form (no ending) in the mulpiyn ‘parrot’ becomes mulpintju. first column, ergative in the second, locative in the There are some very common words which don’t third, dative in the fourth and English in the fifth.
page 6 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
Nominative maa ati ntuu muu kuu utjan yurru thuku yaun maltha kantha antha munthu kunkuyu
Ergative maathu atinthu ntuuku mulhu kuungku utjantu itii thukuyu yauntu malthai kanthaa anthaku munthuku kunkuyurlu
Locative maatha atintha ntuuka mulhu kuungka utjanta or utjanpia yurrngu thukungu yaunngu malthapia kanthiia anthiia munthiia kunkuyungu
Dative maatji or maatjuwa atintji or atintjuwa nturuu muruu kuuya utjanku yurrku thukuu yaunku malthaa kanthaa anthaa munthuu kunkuyuu
English food meat hole camp water fire man dog big mob head mouth face child
Pronouns Some forms of the personal pronouns are now listed. The English meanings of the nominative forms are given at the top of each column and the different forms of the Kalkadoon pronouns below. I Nominative ngai Ergative ngathu Locative ngaingu Dative ngatji Allative ngatjinha Ablative ngainguangu
you nyini nyinti nyiningu nyunku nyunkunha nyininguangu
he, she, it lhaa, pakai lhii alhangu alhaa, pakaya alhaanha alhanguangu
we two Nominative ngalhi Ergative ngalhii Locative ngalhingu Dative ngalhii Allative ngalhiinha Ablative ngalhinguangu
you two mpaya mpayai mpayangu mpayaa mpayaanha mpayanguangu
they two puyu puyuyu puyungu puyuu puyuunha puyunguangu
we (more than two) Nominative ngata Ergative ngatai Locative ngatangu Dative ngataa Allative ngataanha Ablative ngatanguangu
you (more than two) nhutu nhutuyu nhutungu nhutuu nhutuunha nhutunguangu
they (more than two) thina thinai thinangu thinaa thinaanha thinanguangu
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 7
The next list gives forms of the demonstratives — words with meanings ‘this’ and ‘that’. The ‘that’ (or ‘those’ if there is more than one) demonstrative, based on paa, refers to someone or something that is relatively far from the speaker. There are two translated with ‘this’ (or ‘these’); the one based on tjaa (or sometimes tjipa) refers to someone or something close to the speaker, and the one based on nhaa is in between the other two. this Nominative tjaa Ergative tjipai Locative tjangkaathi Dative tjipaa Allative tjipaanha Ablative tjangkayangu
this nhaa nhai nhangu nhau nhaunha nhanguwangu
that paa pai pangithi pau paunha pangu
these two Nominative tjaawatikaya Ergative tjaawatikayarlu Locative tjaawatikayangu Dative tjaawatikayaa Allative tjaawatikayaanha Ablative tjaawatikayanguwangu
these two nhaawatikaya nhaawatikayarlu nhaawatikayangu nhaawatikayaa nhaawatikayaanha nhaawatikayanguwangu
those two paawatikaya paawatikayarlu paawatikayangu paawatikayaa paawatikayaanha paawatikayanguwangu
these (more than two) nhaamiakaya nhaamiakayarlu nhaamiakayangu nhaamiakayaa nhaamiakayaanha haamiakayanguwangu
those (more than two) paamiakaya paamiakayarlu paamiakayangu paamiakayaa paamiakayaanha paamiakayanguwangu
Nominative Ergative Locative Dative Allative Ablative
these (more than two) tjaamiakaya tjaamiakayarlu tjaamiakayangu tjaamiakayaa tjaamiakayaanha tjaamiakayanguwangu
Another list we need is a list of forms of interrogative pronouns. These are words that mean ‘who?’ (and ‘whose?’ and ‘who with?’ etc.) and ‘what?’ (and ‘what for?’ and ‘from what?’ etc.). The word for where? is included here too, although it is not really a pronoun. who? Nominative nhani Ergative nhantu Locative nhaningu Dative nhanku Allative nhankunha Ablative nhaninguwangu
what? nhaka nhakathu nhakathi nhakaa nhakaanha nhakathingu
where?
arrakathi arrakanhi arrakangu
The dative of ‘what?’, nhakaa? ‘what for?’, is the most common way of asking ‘why?’. In Kalkadoon there are also two sets of personal pronouns called bound pronouns. These are shortened forms of the pronouns that are added to the end of other words instead of being separate words. These follow a different system from the other pronouns, and also the nouns. I won’t say more about these here, because they will complicate things too much for people who are just beginning to learn the language.
page 8 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
Verbs The second major class of words is verbs, and these have a completely different set of endings than those used for nouns and pronouns. These endings give us information about the time — is something happening now (present tense), or before (past tense), or not yet (future tense), is it definite or just a possibility, is it telling someone to do something (imperative), is it something that happens all the time (habitual), etc. There are two large groups of verbs, and a number of others that don’t fit in either group. One group comprises intransitive verbs, which are verbs that don’t need the ergative form to express the one that does the action but use the nominative form, and the other major group is transitive verbs which involve someone/something that the action as done to as well as the one that does it, and do require the ergative form. Examples of intransitive verbs are: ingka - ‘go’ thuna - ‘run’ ara - ‘go in’ watharra - ‘come out’ ulhi - ‘die’ rumpi - ‘be afraid’ Examples of transitive verbs are: itjai - ‘bite’ lhai - ‘hit, kill’ ngkai - ‘send’ unpii - ‘take’
ini - ‘stay’ iti - ‘go back’ nu - ‘lie down’ yuu - ‘go up’ tjurnpa-‘jump’
rukupii - ‘swallow’ intjii - ‘chop’ pintjii - ‘scratch’ itintii – ‘bring back or send back’
The present tense form of those verbs is the same as the form that is written here; there is no special ending: Thuat tjaa ntuuka ara ‘The snake is going into the hole’. The past tense ending is nha: Thuat tjaa ntuuka aranha ‘The snake went into the hole’. The future tense ending is mi: Thuat tjaa ntuuka arami ‘The snake will go into the hole’. The potential ending (might) is mia: Thuat tjaa ntuuka aramia ‘The snake might go into the hole’. The imperative ending (giving an order) is ya after a or u, and a after i: Ntuuka araya! ‘Go into the hole!’ Ngithi inia! ‘Stay here!’ Some transitive words that are a bit irregular because sometimes the i of the ti ending can be left out include: ithiti - ‘throw’, wathukati - ‘dig’, kaikati - ‘make’, pati - ‘tell’. These replace the i with a in the imperative form. Some verbs ending in mai change the mai to mia in the imperative. For example, thumai is ‘break’ and thumia! is ‘break it!’.
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 9
Other words like this are: ngulurrmai - ‘catch hold of, grab’ nganthamai - ‘look for’ ngkumai - ‘look for, find’ itjamai - ‘laugh’ Some forms of some other irregular verbs are listed below. present give see, look eat take out, take off spear rub sharpen
past anyi nanyi ari, arima tjiai ngkaaya, ngkaama maii ntiai
future anya, anga nanya arimu tjiainha ngkaainha maiinha ntianha
imperative angi nangi arimi tjiami ngkaami maimi ntiami
awa nuwa ala tjiila ngkaaila maila ntiila
Other endings on nouns and verbs There are some other endings that go on words to change their meanings or to convert them into another type of word. The main ones are listed here, with examples. ‘Having’ yan or aan or an yuku - ‘spear’ yukuyan - ‘having a spear’
ngunkut - ‘a cold’ ngunkurraan - ‘having a cold’
(Words ending in t change it to rr when a vowel comes after.) Ngai laa puthurraan tjurtuyan ‘I have a good car’ (puthut ‘good’, tjurtu ‘car’) ‘Not having, lacking’ - iti marli - ‘tongue’ maa - ‘food’ marliiti - ‘not having a tongue’ “lost your tongue” maaiti - ‘without food’ ‘Times’ - nguyan lyuati - ‘two’ lyuatinguyan - ‘twice’
maltha - ‘many’ malthanguyan - ‘many times’
Turning a verb into a noun, ntjit itjai - ‘bite’ itjaintjit - ‘biter, something that bites’ lhai -‘hit, kill’
lhaintjit -‘killer’ kanimai - ‘tie’ kanimaintjit - ‘policeman’
‘Other’ - ngarra pirlapirla - ‘child’
pirlapirlangarra - ‘the other child’ pirlapirlangarrathi - ‘with the other child’
‘Two’ - wati (or ati after u) yurru - ‘man’ yurruati - ‘two men’
pupi - ‘mother’s brother’ pupiwati - ‘two brothers of mother’
See also the table of demonstratives for other words containing (w)ati. ‘More than two’ - mia yurrumia - ‘men’ pipimia - ‘mother’s brothers’ See also the table of demonstratives for other words containing mia.
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To convert a word into a transitive verb, punii, which means something like ‘make’ or ‘cause’. pilthi - ‘soft’ pilthipunii - ‘mash, squash’ (make soft) yarrka - ‘far away’ yarrkapunii - ‘put a long way away’ kaki - ‘a wound, a sore’ kakian - ‘sore, wounded’ (having a wound or sore) kakianpunii - ‘hurt someone, wound someone’ To convert a word into a transitive verb (another way), mai, which has a similar meaning to punii. rumpi - ‘be afraid’ rumpimai - ‘frighten’ kani - ‘a knot’ kanimai - ‘tie’ antha - ‘mouth’ anthamai - ‘put a hole in’ To convert a word into an intransitive verb, thati or ati, which means’become’ or ‘be’. maltha - ‘many, mob’ malthathati - ‘become numerous’ kupangurru - ‘old man’ kupangurruthati - ‘become old (man)’ yarrka - ‘far’ yarrkathati - ‘be a long way off’ pirrinha - ‘up, above’ pirrinhathati - ‘grow up’ yaun - ‘big’ yaunati - ‘grow big’ To convert a verb into a form that means ‘doing something to yourself ’ or ‘doing something to one another’, ti. This makes a transitive verb into an intransitive verb: thua - ‘cut’ thuati - ‘cut yourself ’, or ‘cut one another’ Makathi ngai thuatinha - ‘I cut my hand’ lhai - ‘hit’ lhati - ‘hit yourself or one another’ Paawatikaya matjumpaka lhati thapantuthu -‘Those two kangaroos are kicking one another’. (‘kicking’ = ‘hitting with the feet’. See below for a note on the ka on the end of matjumpa.) anyi - ‘give’ anyiti - ‘give one another’ (or ‘give yourself ’) pintji - ‘scratch’ pintjiti - ‘scratch yourself ’ (or ‘scratch one another’) The ending ka is very common and can be added to any word, but does not seem to have any clear meaning. There is an example of it added to matjumpa ‘kangaroo’ in the sentence a few lines up.
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 11
This is a Kalkadoon to English alphabetical list. To get additional information on the English words look them up in the English to Kalkadoon finder toward the end of dictionary. alinuku – chin almia – squeeze! Recorded only in imperative. Root could be almi or alma. aarl – put, to; place, to: put down Ngathu nhaa ngithi aarl wanta mitaka. I’m putting it here, don’t take it.
altjit – sweat Altjirtu ngaika intji I’m sweating amathuma – cross over (creek)
ai – eat, to see ari aili – eat, to antipassive, see arili
ampu – another amputjaa another close ampungarra another ampupaa another far angi – give (future)
akai – kiss, to Ngawa ingkayau ainaka. Come here, I want to kiss you. akai – pat, to Puthurra akayaka. Pat it gently. akati – kiss one another ala – eat! see ai, ari
angkai – push, to; push along, push into angkitja – handkerchief (English) antha – mouth antha mita – answer! antha pintjarra – too much mouth, too much cheek Used of a dog ‘too much barking’ compare makathi pintjarra. anthaarti – light a fire anthai – win, to
alampa – saltbush alha – he, she see grammar
anthakamai – shut in, shut Anthakamia tjaa anthaka Shut the door! see kati anthakati – shut in, bury see kati
alhi – we two, see grammar
anthakurlayangu – python
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anthamai – answer, to Ngai kuntu anthamangi He didn’t answer me
anthaurunha – sneak along, sneak up on
anthamputi – pick up in the mouth or beak anthamurtuthati – congregate, flock, to also anthamurruthati anthangaltha – chin anthangkai – pour, to Kuu tjaaka waterbag-thingu anthangkai Water poured from the waterbag anthanhaintji – fill up
anthayuu – rise (of river) anthiangarra – opposite ngaika ingkanha thaunkunha kanimaintjit ingkanha anthiangarra I went to town and the policeman was coming the other way, alhanginha anthiangarra opposite him antu – girl Roth: girl (at first sign of puberty) anya – give past tense of anyi
anthanhulu – flame
anyi – give anyiti – give one another, exchange, swap also antipassive of anyi apii – sing, to
anthanta – open the mouth
ari – eat, to
anthanti – ache kantha ngai anthanti I have a headache anthapirnkut – chin also given as ‘mouth’
arili – eat, to
anthathama – stop doing something anthathui – light a fire anthathumai – quieten
arnka – ill, to be
anthaumuyan – barb (on spear)
arnka kanthaa – headache, to have a Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 13
arnpa – gather, pick, get arra – enter, go in
artii - fall (of rain) artii – put down artii – land (of plane)
arraka – where not a common form; see also arraka kiangu arraka kiangu – what kind of? arraka kiyangu What sort? arraka kiangu tjaa nyunku? What’s yours like? arraka kiangu tjaa nyunku yuku urlkuurri? How long is your spear?
artii – bear, give birth to artii – lay an egg artii wamilhathi – dream, to artintha - tooth athangarra – own: on one’s own, by oneself
arrakangu - where from? arrakanhi – where to? arrakathi – where (at)? arranti – insert, put in Arrantitjamia kuluuthu! Dress him!
ati – meat, game (creatures) wakanit inia atithungu ana watarra, ati. Be quiet because of the birds, lest they fly way, the birds. lit. ‘meat eater’
ati aintjit – bandicoot atintji lhaintjit – butcher arrkun – fight, battle Auka – Mt Cuthbert arrkunaan – aggressive, wild, ‘sulky’, ‘savage’ awa – give! (imperative) arrkunaanati – aggressive or wild, to get arrkuntu – aggressively, in anger Nyini lhayinhampan yurrku arrkuntu You are hitting the man savagely.
ayat – one ayatku muruu – one country, to be of; ‘all one country ayatnguyan – once, on one occasion
arta – put (it) down! imperative of artii
ayatnha – one, single, only, alone
page 14 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
ayatnha….ayatnha – on the one hand....on the other hand
ingalyingkayangu – plant type, leguminous ingka – go, in
ayatpia – together, to be ingkia – blunt ayatpia punii – together, to put
ingki-ingki – bag, dilly; string bag ikan – wild honey, sugarbag, sugarbag bee ikanhi – know (person, fact), to
ini – remain, stop, to; to stay, see grammar
inpikurtu – orange, wild ikat – nest coolibah ilakirri – song for getting woman ilirrati – cool, cold, to become
intapulumapuluma - coolibah(1), ironwood (1)
ilit – cool, cold, cold season ilitpunii – cool, to ilthi – afraid ilthinhaanati – afraid ilya – today
intha – ear inthakayarapunii, inthakayapunii – forget, to inthakayarati, inthakayati – forget, to inthamari – boomerang, hooked
ilya wartangka – last night ilyangu – new ilyangunha – soon Pirlapirla tjaa artii ilyangunha putuyan tjaa She’s going to have a baby soon; she’s pregnant. ima – hunt, to
inthanu – listen inthayan yalkapari – ear-having, used to describe a hooked boomerang Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 15
ithi – alive
intji – chop, cut through intji – hit with a missile intji lhai – sneeze Intjilantji – Yintjilantji (people) intjiti – paint oneself
ithi – ant ithiti – throw, to iti – back, go itii – man (ergative) itinti – back, take; bring back
inyalngu – fresh ipal – name ipal artii – make up name for
itjai – bite, to
ipuran – soak, well
itjaintjit – insect-like creature, biter, crawly-bitey ipurru – knee
itjamai – laugh at Tjaa itjamainha ngatji He laughed at me.
ira – white ant iratji, irairatji – woman, young Roth: woman after first initiation
itjarta - spear, hook
irliparri – lizard, carney
itjingata – bone worn through nose
irlpu – melon, paddy melon irrangkal – kangaroo-teeth ornament irrila – vagina
itjintji – nose itjintji na – nose: turn one’s nose at, cock one’s nose at
ithapi – bed
itjintji thalathala – flat nose
ithapi utantiitjit – saddle
kaanta, kaarnta – flow, to
page 16 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
kaanta, kaarnta – go away, depart kaantha – swim kaanthu – penis kalkatu – bandicoot kalkutungu – Kalkadoon people and language kaanthu – tail
kalpin – man, young
kaanthupiangu – man with subincised penis Roth only, word not recorded kakati, karrkati – cover oneself up kaki – wound, sore
kalpinngurru – boy
kakian – wounded, crippled kakianpuni – wound, to kalpuman – grass, type of Kalpurru - Boulia kalatja – coolibah tree, bark of which was used to cook tobacco
kalurru – left hand kamai – hold onto, hold back kampungu – stone, white
kalhikalhi – knife, stone
kampungu – knife made from white stone
kali – whatever, I don’t know, Kali nhanku tjaaka kuntu ngathu ikanhi. I don’t know whose it is.
kanamarralakia – Southern Cross
kalia – bitter, salty
Kangilangu – kin: section name
kalia – alcohol
kanga – alcohol, poison
kanimai – tie up, tie together
kalingungkanha – whatever, I don’t know
kanimaintjit – policeman kalkangu – bream, black
kanimantiitjit – leash Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 17
kantharri – dive, to kantharri kuungku to dive into water kankari – knife
kanthathaku – tree, prickly; bottle tree
kankui – potato, native kanthathaku - caterpillar kantayu – box, man wears over penis kantha – head kantha ithiti – knock over; throw down kantha kirrankirran – bald kanthauru – head: lower the head kantha lha – hit on head, to hammer
used of someone hiding, and of a goat butting
kantha malapala – bald kantha ngkiki – headache kanthaarnka – lame kantjali – hang (intrans) kanthamara – hairnet
Marli kantja tongue hanging out (of panting dog) Thakamuntu tjaa kantjali yararrithu The possum is hanging by his tail.
kanthamarntu – top of hill kanthangamangama – breast possibly ‘nipple’ kanthapiarrati – duck down
kantjali – leaf
kanthapirrinhathati - grow up kanthapitjarra intjii. – split (a log)
kantu - yam, type of yam
kanthapunii – put down, to
kanyit – grass, seeds used for flour
kantharra – dive! imperative of kantharri
kapani – hunt; to go hunting, follow
page 18 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
kapaninti – take hunting
karntat – scorpion kapara – grub, edible
karrakutjungu – hailstones
kapu – coals, hot ashes
karrapa – duck; black
kapua – penis, tail
karrapulu - hailstone
kapurru – paint kaputhati – ashes, become karapulu – vagina
karrau – female animal karrayau – widow karri – wipe, rub, whet, wash, clean
karla – grasshopper karrimingu, karrimin – hook of woomera karlaa – spring (of water) karrintii – carry, to karlaa, karlarra – neck karlakarla – cormorant, shag karlara thuti, karlaa thuti – drown, to (intrans) karlara tjumpunpuni - block one’s throat (of a cold)
karrkanyi – eagle karrkati - see kakati
karlii – clean, to; to wipe karlu – rat, native karrkuru – perch (fish) karlurru(ngu) - left hand also kalurru karnku - boy boy old enough to go to school
karruali – puggaree, red karruali – south kartakurlu – small, little, see also katjakurlu kartapi – fishing line, fish hook given as both fishing line and fish hook
karntat – crab
kartul – grey hair Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 19
kartulaan – grey haired
kawun – dress, (English: gown)
kartulaanati – grey haired, to become
kia – that: like that, like so in some direction or other, in some way or other; in this direction/way (with other means such as gesture to indicate which particular direction/way), like so, somewhere or other Nyinika utja punpapunpati kiyaka arrjunku. You’re just talking like that for a fight.
kathakatha – debris from flood kathipirna – bone used for pointing the bone
kathit – grass kathunggarra – dust
kia – similar to like ngayi kia like me.
katii – cover, to Kanthangamangama katia yanyingkungu. Cover your tits from the white man.
kiakatii – make, to
katii – bury, to
kialparri - lancewood
katja – dew, moisture
kialparri – east
katja – small, little, usually katjakurlu or katakurlu
kiangu – same, equal kiangu ngalhika We are the same (in age)
katjakan – having a joey used of a kangaroo katjakurlu – small, little
kialakia – way: that way
kianguthungu – that: because of that Kianguthungu nyini ngathu patinha. That’s why I told you. kiaparri, kiapari – chestnut (of horses) kiapi – itchy, to be Kantha ngai kiapi ulungkungu I itchy longa head from louse.
katjapi – kite-hawk kikawarra – sand kiki – cake (English) katjapi – aeroplane
kikimpuni – kick (English)
katjarra – pox katjarra – girl
kilakila - galah kilatha – glasses (English) katji – friend
kilaurru – galah
page 20 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
kili – tear, hole
Kua, Kuamalku – Goa (people and language)
kilian – leaking, torn kuia – stretch, to (intrans)
kilya – poison kilya – corroboree, type kilyakilyama – tickle, to
kuirla – stone for grinding kuka – wad for chewing kuka itjai – chew something, to kukithirri – open country, claypan kulangarra – stick for digging, yam stick
kinawari – girl kinthi – vagina
kulapurru – blanket kulatharra – Kulatharra kulawatharra – twin also heard as pulawatharra
kinti wathuwathurra - chook kintja – female
kulinyirri – ibis kulinyirrir – shell ornament worn on chest
kipulyu – whistler duck widespread word
kulnguparri – bird: white (chested) hawk
kirrankirran – bald
kulpala – song: a (particular) love song
kirrapu – vagina
Kulpilangu – Kulpilangu (people and language)
kulpurru – magpie kitikiti – number, large; crowd, swarm kulpurru – sour kitjikapua – hair on body underarm, pubic or both; meaning not clear kitjipurlu - armpit kitjitjipapa – water hen kulpurru – ashamed kua – creek, sand kualha by the creek
kulpurruiti, kulpurriti – shameless Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 21
kulpurruyan – sour
kungala – leaf kulthuut – brolga kulumunthu – widow
kungi – wife kunguta - tree with edible root kunhii – call someone Ngathu kuni angkitjathu. I signalled to him with a hanky.
kulupatji – pigeon, crested
kuningkala – kinship group not related through male descent. see grammar
kuluta – corella (Urquhart) kuluuthu – clothes (English)
kunka – branch, stick kulyartapu – butterfly, moth kumai – raw meat
kunkuyu – child of man kunparra – shield
kumaintuitjit – eagle
kuntarra – snake kunthali – fat kumpatha – chisel, adze kuna, kunaan, kunayan – no kunti – house NSW word spread via English kunakaatja - goanna, plain kunampa – duck: wood duck
kuntjal – arm, upper
kunantjat – resin: white wood resin
kuntji – tail
page 22 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
kuntu – not, no
kurrartapu – magpie
kuntungu – lame, crippled
kurrikurri – red
kunyirra – gooseberry-like plant
kurrimpi – song for getting woman
kupa – old man
kurritjakurritja – winding ( of track) kurritjipalka – plant, ‘tea bush’
kupakupa - old man
kurritjitjin – magpie
kupangurru – old man
kurrkai – urinate, to kurrkira – cave
kupu – spider
kurrpai, kurrpari – three
kupuru – skin name
kurrpirri - sultry
kurla – father
kurruku – grog (English)
kurlamarri – pigeon, plain
kurrukurru – erection
kurlangkurlayangu – Southern Cross lit. male: given once as Southern Cross and once as ‘all the men’
kurrumpu – pipe used to decoy emus kurrumunthu – widower
kurlayangu – male kurrurrumirra – menstruating kurliitjitj – peewee kurtakurtali – circle, hoop, wheel kurlukurlu – again, more, still kurtikurti – crooked, winding kurraku, kurrakuku – pigeon, flock kurranyirri – diver (bird)
kurtukurtu – crooked kurtukurtuthati – to bend (of river), be bent, curved
kurrarli – flame, light, torch kurrarliyan – ablaze, aflame, shining (of moon)
kuthaparra - stick Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 23
laa – well, now lali – hook (of woomera) lali – barb (of spear) kuthi - feather lali – knitting needle kuthu – egg, brain lali - fork of tree kuthu watharra – angry, to get lit. ‘brains come out’
lamarra – then, well, now
kutjarnparru – nuts, wild
lapulapu – hole, normal word is ntuu
kutjirra – vagina
lhai – hit, to
kutjukutju – pups
lhai – kill, to ‘kill’ can be distinguished from ‘ hit’ by using lhai ngampu ‘hit sompletely’ or lhai ai ulhi ‘hit to die’
kutjurru – mussel, mussel shell lhakia – at the side, left over, remaining kutu – you, plural, see grammar kuu – water
lhamanyarri – song, type of given as ‘song for good sort of woman’ and as song for success lhamirra-mirra – hut, ceremonial lhamu – maybe, perhaps, might
kuu – rain Kuu artii It is raining.
Lhanthiwakal – Tabletop (near Cloncurry)
kuuyan – wet, drunk
lhii – he, she, it (ergative)
kuyangu, kuyaangu – breeze
lhima – leave, present tense of lhii
kuyikuyirri – boys
lhirrin – fin
lhii – leave, to
lhuai – leave behind, relinquish, abandon lhumai – go bang (of thunder, gun)
kuyirri – boy kuyu – you two, see grammar
lhumanti – explain, to Yangaarlu lhumanti tjipaika ngatjinha. He explains the language to me. lhungu – from here
page 24 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
lhuu – pronoun, intensive see grammar; Tjaaka lhuu nganthamai tjaa tjurruyanka, kuntu ngarrpathuka. He found the echidna himself, no one else (not the other person).
makatharti – put down, place make a fire
makathi – hand makathi nuu – hold out hand as in begging makathi pintjarra – mischievous, naughty lunga – cry, to
makati ngulutmati – shake hands
lyuwati – two maa – food, tucker vegetable food maanti – full up (with food), sated maatha - boss, master (English) mai – rub with paint, fat, etc. mairl- - rub with paint, fat, etc. mairli antipassive mairlmi future, mairl(a) imperative
makini – rifle makurra - yam, mungeroo makurtu – husband also given as spouse and brother-in-law malapala – bare, cleared malkarri – corroboree
Maithakurti – Maithakurti/Mitakoodi (people and language) maiti – untruthful, pretending, to be
maltha – much, many, a mob malthanha – often malthapuni – many, make into; divide up into pieces
maka – fire normal word is utjan
malthathati – many, to become; multiply maltju – corroboree Malyarra – kin: moiety name malyurri – wrist band recording not clear
makarru – coolibah
manamana – sky
makat – prickly bush, needlebush
mangarn – snake, black with red head Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 25
mangarnaan – doctor
manthapa – pillow
mangarru – onion, native
manthat – chest
mangawirra – duck, black
manthiyanha – upstream, up the river manumanu – cleared, bare area mapa – head common word is kantha
mangkarla – bream, black
mapamatjin – python, black-headed
mangkarri – swim, to meaning not certain
mara – personal name (of Polly Wilson)
marakathu – crab mangkimangki - sheep maramitaaka – duck, wood maranhitha – steal, to mangkurtatipula – grub
marantja – painted decoration on body marantja intjiti paint ourselves marapai – woman (Aboriginal)
mangkurti – grub, grub type mangu – mucus in nose, a cold mani – thin
marapangka – lightning
mani – thirsty manii – take, to; get, to manii – burn
marapila, marrapila – boomerang, plain (Roth)
manpuruparri - prentie mantakalu – camp for single women mantawitha – camp for single men, unmarried manthaara – across, go; go through, go between
marapungu – corella
page 26 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
marlingurtu – testicles, balls marni – by and by
marapurtangkali – Morning or Evening star
mararri – river goanna
marnkanha – later, until, still Kuntu ngai ingkami marnkanha lha urtimai I won’t go until I’ve finished (eating my tucker) Marnkanha uthata pintjamuka mpampaintjii Wait until it is light. Ngaika marnkanha aili maatji. Kuntu ngai urtimainha maaji. I’m still eating. I’m not finished.
marla – calf or leg
marntuyungu – turpentine bush marlaantjanti – shiver, shake marlampirra – quickly, early
marnu – tired, weak, slow marnuthati – tired, to grow; to grow weak, wane marra – well, now, then
marlangaltjangaltja – limb of tree marli - tongue
marrapurtangkali – Morning or Evening star
marli kantjali - tongue hanging out
marria – axe, tomahawk Marrinangu – kin: section name marli munthunpanti – poke tongue at marli pilthithati – dumb Marli tjaa pilthithati, kuntu punpati Your tongue has gone soft, you can’t talk.
marrintja intjii – paint, to marrintja intjiti – paint oneself, to
marlikantjali – have tongue hanging out marlimputi – poke tongue out at also given as ‘lick lips’
marrkamarrka – duststorm, whirlywind Urquhart ‘thunder’ Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 27
marrkangurru - Seven Sisters
matjintjula – see marrtjintjula
marrkurtu, makurtu – spouse
matjumpa – kangaroo marrpu – cockatoo, white marrtjin, matjin – black
matjurri – tired matjurru – corroboree ground
marrtjintjula, matjintjula – black mawat – stranger martinanyi – watch out for, be careful mayarl – naked (probably = Myall in the sens of ‘bush Aborigine’) mia – tame ‘quiet’ martu – mother, queen bee
miarraan – fat
marukarri – stroke (an animal’s fur) miarraan – fish: yellow belly marumaru – weak, light (in weight) miat – flesh marumarupuni – rub smooth, to maruru – soft, smooth
miat – very yaun miat biggest
matimpirrka – certain (meaning uncertain) matjal – step (cut in tree)
miawali – mulga tree matjamila - grindstone mikaa, mikara – mosquito matjarrka – sharp mila - ochre, red matjarrkapuni – sharpen, to matjarrkathati – sharp, to become matjin – see marrtjin matjini thuma – swear Matjini thumai tjipai ngai nhaurtu This kid swore at me.
milamputhati – stare, to milinu – eyelashes, eyebrows milkirra – snake, poisonous milnga – fly
page 28 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
milpunyun - eyelid
minhangarra – whatsit
milthayat – one-eyed; blind in one eye
minhangarramai – whatsit, do minhangarrathati – whatsit, be
milthi – eye milthi – raindrop milthi – seed milthi – red ochre
mintharra – widow mintja – shine, to; to be shiny mintjarrungu – plant ‘goosebery’ mintji – back
milthi thuti – faint, to milthi uti-utianati – intoxicated, ‘high’, giddy milthi wakini – intoxicated, be; drunk, be
mintji - bank of river
mintji kurri-kurri – spider, redback milthiaun – owl mintji lhai – flood over the bank, to milthimuri – wink, to lit. eye-move
mirantji – ti-tree type, (Mel. alternifolia)
milthinhamilthimuti – wink, to milthipati – show, to Tjipai ngai kupangurrutu milthipatinha tjaa yuku The old man showed me a spear.
mirlungarlana – lizard similar to blue tongue
milthiputhurrati – open one’s eyes milthithati - born, be milumanu – lizard, sleepy milyuka - salt mimi – breast
mirrampa – possum mirri – top mirrikan – boney bream mirrikunpanya – brolga (English native companion) mirrimirri – puggaree , headband
mingankarri – eyebrows, eyelashes
mirrithin – medicine (English) Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 29
mirriwakimai karlara – strangle, to mirtamiku – necklace or yoke of animal fur mirtamirta – boyfriend mirtanmirtan yuuntitjit – stirrup (also mirtan yuuntitjit)
mpui – copulate with, to waparru tjaa thuyima marapayithu ayi nyuu mpuimanti ‘Cut that scar so that women like to run after that man.’ Mpulamara – Devoncourt mpurnayan – poisoned mpurruu – bad (of meat) dative of mpuu mputi – smell, to (intrans)
mirungan – kidney
mputi – copulate, to
mita – give, take
mpuu – bad (of meat), overripe
mithangkaya – stand something up, to
mpuungu – still, not moving inia mpuungu! Be still! Naya mpuungu! Stand still!
mithat – shield mithinthi – anus mithithi – missus, white woman (English)
mpuyumpuyu – copulation muanngu – mother’s mother muanu – tomahawk muaparri – grey hair
mitjalharru – cliff, steep hillside
muarnngu – cousin
miwaru – dark
muarnu – blunt
miwaruthati – dark, to grow
Muata – Muata
mpaa – speak, call out seems to mean ‘make a vocal sound’ mpaa kia speak like that puthurraka mpaa talk properly
mukarnka – mopoke
mpaampaati – laugh (of kookaburra)
mukayat – bogey man muki – flower of gidyea
mpampaintji pintjamu – morning twilight mpaya – you two
mukuarri – net given for fishing net and hairnet
page 30 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
mukurtu – death adder
mungkumungku – cold, a munku – short grass, stubble, green grass munkumunku – grass with sage leaves, itchy munkun – shallow (of water)
mula – yam munma – get, take compare muma mulhi – camp, in; at home see muu mulhu – ground, on the mulhu kati cover with dirt, bury in ground
munthamuntha – woman, old
mulpiyn – parrot, red-winged
munthanyi – hide oneself; to plant (=munthu anyi?)
muluku – tomato, bush
munthi – man male after 3rd degree (Roth)
mumai – take away, take from someone munthi – self, one’s own see grammar
Munalkarra – Munalkarra place near Cloncurry
munthingka – come this way, come towards, approach
munangu – bush, type of bush, small, good smell; burned to make smoke to heal wounds
munthithit – over: trip over, fall over contacted form of munthu ithiti
munaru – skirt, lap-lap
munthiwatha – self: in one’s own
mungarra – day (in counting time) lit. ‘other camp’ kurrpaithi mungarrathi in three days munthu – forehead, face munthu ithiti – over: trip over, fall over Ntiaku munthithit kukin. You might fall over a stone. mungat – flying fox
munthu iti – return, to Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 31
munthu mirrimirri - forehead munthu mirrimirri – hairnet munthu ntati – stop or prevent Ngathu tjaamiakaya munthuntati kuntu aina lhati I Stopped them from fighting. munthu wathinti – bring back, bring munthuiti – brainless; ‘got no forehead, can’t understand’
munyu – bat murangkula – short muri – move (intrans) muri: milthimuri – wink, to
munthumai – bend something, to
murimanti – move (trans)
munthumanthu – last one (in a row)
muriti – without moving
munthumuni – always (verb) munthun – bullant murlu – crayfish munthungarra – part; other part: some of Wanta thuya tjaa atika malthanhaka munthungarra lhia. Don’t cut all the meat. Leave some!
murntu – blunt
munthungkupaya – understand, to
murri – lung murrumarri – corella munthupanti – poke tongue out at munthupit – each other munthupukaarnti – push along, wheel a wheelbarrow muntji – pay, to muntjit – waterlily
murruu – camp, ground dative of muu murruunha – camp, to see grammar under muu ‘camp’ murtu – group, in a; together ngalhi murta you and I together murtu – group, heap murtupuni – group, to; to gather together; to muster
munuthangu – dingo
murtuthati - group, to get in; be in a swarm
page 32 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
muru – wrist
muyutathati – dry up, to muyutju – woman, old naa – see, to
murungan – kidney muta – wad (to chew, of tobacco or pituri) mutju, mutjutju – mother’s mother
naa – stand, to nanarnpi – stand, to nanga – saw past tense of nanyi; see grammar
nanikutu – goat (English) mutjumutju – woman, old
nanyi – see, look at
mutjuparri – blind mutjurn – hawk, chicken hawk (1), kite hawk (1) mutuka – car (English)
nanyiia – look! regularised imperative of nanyi; see grammar nanyilyanyi. – look at Ngathu tjaa lhai ngatji kungi tjipaa yurrku nanyilyanyiinyin I hit my wife for looking at another man. narnpinarnpi – stand, to
mutuna – shy muu – ground, country, territory
naya – stand! Mpungu naya! Stand still!
muu – camp ngaa – yes muu – dirt ngaama, ngama – spear, to (see grammar) muun – bed muungarra – elsewhere, another camp muupari – grey-haired muuyan – dirty muyu – buttocks
ngaarli – spear, to; to stab antipassive; see grammar
muyuta – dry, dried up
ngai – I Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 33
ngaimai – chase, to; to ‘hunt’ away Ngathu tjaa patinha thukuu kuntu ai ngaimai. I told her not to chase the dog.
nuntjaani milthi He just pretending to be asleep. (ngampu nuu = asleep as opposed to just lying down) Uthanthii ngampu to keep for good; lhai ngampu to kill (as opposed to ‘hit’)
ngainhi – yesterday ngainhingainhi – later (in the day) ngampu kantha(kantha) – neck, back of ngainhingarra – day before yesterday ngampu parntu – back, small of ngampu wakini – back: turn around to the back ngampungarra – before (in time) ngampunguthunha – before (in time) ngairla – spear, imperative of ngkai ngaka – cough, to ngalawal – turkey, scrub ngalhi – we two ngalhingulthu – kin: sister-in-law (1), son-in-law(1) ngalhu – daughter ngalinyirri – chest
ngampupia – out of sight ngamputhati – disappear, to; to be gone completely ngamun – lump (on skin, tree) ngamurna – chest ngamurru – armpit ngamurruthi wathintitjin carry on shoulder, ngamurruyu tjaa wathintii carry under arm.
ngalthunhu – place where male initiation is carried out (possibly not Kal.)
ngantha – dribble
ngamitjurnpat – overflowing
nganthamai – look for
ngampu – completely Ngampu ngayi kaarnta I leave for good. Ngampu ngai maanti I’m completely full. Kathitka laa ngampu maniinha Grass is all burnt. Ngampu wakini to turn right round Tjaaka kuntu tjaaka ngampua nuu tjaa ngurrku
nganthamai – find, to nganthamati – marry, to nganthi – tree white bark round leaves, like coolibah, bigger leaf ngantjumuthi – back (direction), also ngantjamuthi ngantjumuthipuni – back, to send
page 34 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
ngantjumuthithati – back, to go
ngartathati – sit, to
ngapa – turkey, scrub
ngartili – breast bone
ngarama – chase, follow see ngaimai
ngata – we plural of ngai ngathu – I ergative of ngai
ngarlingarli – wallaby: rock wallaby
ngathunu – hut, ceremonial
ngarlirri – scar
ngatji – my dative of ngai
ngarni – shoulder ngarnimai – shoulder, to
ngau – hither
ngarningarni – mad, silly
ngawa – noise
ngarningarnithati – mad, to become
ngawa – loud, strong
ngarntat – mother’s sister
ngawapili – noise, make a
ngarntiku – plant, white bark, round leaves ngawayan – loud, strong, heavy -ngarra – other see grammar ngarrka – cough, to
ngilpa – waterbag ngithi – here
ngarrkumai – vomit, to ngkaa – yam ngkaarli – stab, to; to prick, to sew Ngaika ngkaarli nhau kilii thutinyinku I’m sewing to the torn tear. ngarrkun – wallaroo ngarrpa – other, another one Nyinti ngarrpayanguthi ngai lhima. You leaving me for another one.
ngkai – send, to Ngathu ngkai yunthuarti tjipaanha I sent a message to him.
ngarrpangarra – other (person or animal)
ngkai – spear, to; stab, to Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 35
ngkai – excrete (urine, faeces, egg) ngkama – spear, stab a present tense form of ngai ngkami – spear, stab future tense form of ngai
ngumpurlu – roly-poly
ngkaraa – yam dative of ngkaa ngkiki – pain
ngunangunaanya – teach, to
ngkumai – look for, to
ngunkangu – unaware, ignorant of
ngu- - relative clause marker see grammar
ngunkut – cold, nasal mucus ngunturtu ngayi nganthami
nguangua – innocent, ignorant
nguntja – miss, to; fail, to Ngai nguntjanha nguyinha. I nearly fell.
ngukupunii – gather together (trans); to muster ngukuthati – gather together (intrans); to congregate
nguntjanguntja – nonsense Nguntjanguntja tjaa nhutuyu waninti. You got corroboree about nothing. Nguntjanguntja panti. You are telling lies. nguntjapunii – miss, to; fail, to ngunyi – mole, pimple
nguli – always ngunyirri – nose ngulthan – plant: wild tea leaf ngunyirri thala-thala – nose, flat ngulthiia – thigh locative of ngulthu
ngupurindji – man, young
ngulthu – thigh, paw, branch
ngurlu-ngurlu – snake, water, large
ngultjakamai – squeeze, to; embrace ngultjakamai karla(r)a – choke, to ngulu – plant: split-eye
ngurrkit-ngukitthingumai - lie, tell a ngurrkitthingumai – lie, tell a ngurrku – nothing, for; for no particular purpose ngurruyan – sweet
ngulutmai – hold, catch hold of, catch fish, hold back, restrain
ngurtu – testicles
ngulutmati – shake hands
ngutjit – father’s sister
page 36 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
nhanthi – bark at nhanti – ward off (a blow) nhanti – wear (clothes) nguyi – fall, to nguyinti – fall, make; knock over nguyurra-nguyurrathati – mad, to become nhaa – this nhaamiyakaya – these nhaawatikaya – these two, see grammar
nhantjarrayan – bullock nharra – rasp nhaunha – hither nhawut – child, offspring nhiangu – when? nhiantha – hip, side nhianthangi nuu lie on one’s side
nhaipu – knife (English)
nhiinkai – upend, to; tip upside down
nhaka – what?
nhikaipia – outside
nhakakuwa – why? what for?
nhiltha – lame, crippled
nhakalhi – which?
nhilthangkai – reprimand, to; try to stop by rebuking ngathu nyini nhilthangka puthurrra ani ini. I told you to be good. ngathu nyini nhilthangka ani nthii. I told you not to give cheek.
nhakaya kuwa – why? what for? nhakayanati – what are (you) doing? nhakayanpuni – what are (you) doing? nhami – how much? a few
nhilthanha, nhilthanha - nhilthanha – knees up, sitting with; sitting crossed-legged
nhamingu – how much? how many?
nhirrimu – spear, shaft of
nhanga - cave
nhitha – steal, to
nhangkut – coolamon
nhuku – ankle
nhani –who? Nhani ipal? Who name?
nhukut – quiet! Inia nhukut Be quiet Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 37
nhupurru – away Nhupurru ingkai! Go away!
tea tree nhurrungu – tea tree, tea tree bark, paper nhutu – you, plural of nyini ninga – saw ntatii - step on, tread on
ntulti – pull ntuu – hole
ntuumpa – growl (of dog) ntuupirra – sulky ntuutjamai – emerge from a hole ntuuwatharra – rise (of sun) nuntjaani – lie down: to be lying down
ntatintii - step on, tread on
nuu – lie down
nthii – scold, to; rouse on
nuwa – see! imperative of na - ‘to see’
ntia – hill, mountain nyarrapunga – cat ntia – stone, peeble nyilhi – diver bird, small nyilthangkai – reprimand, see nhilthangkai ntia – money ntiai – sharpen, to; whittle, make by whittling ntiarli – sharpen, to; whittle, make by whittling antipassive of ntiaalia ntiila, ntiirla – sharpen! imperative of ntiarali, ntiaali
nyimu – all the time nyinga – girl nyini – you, singular Nyirranyu – Kamilaroi Station nyirri-nyirri – wild looking nyirti – bag, little, made of ti-tree bark
ntimi – take out future of ntui -ntiti – together lungantititjin tjaamiakaya. They are crying all together. ntui – pull out, extract, gut
nyithi – here, see ngithi nyuanngu – conkerberry nyunku – your, for you dative of nyini
page 38 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
nyuu – egg yolk nyuuyan – greedy Nyinika nyuuyan aili maatjika ngatjiwaku. You are greedy eat(ing) my tucker. nyuuyanati – greedy, to be
pangkarra – lizard: blue tongue panikin – pannikin (English)
paa – there paamiyakaya – those, that mob see grammar paatikaya – those two see grammar
panka – firewood
paawatikaya – those two see grammar
panti - vagina
pai – hungry Paimarra – Cloncurry River
pantii – tell someone, inform Wanta pantiangi Don’t tell me.
paka pukai – he, she, it pakapakamai – hurry, to pakayi – he, she, it pantipanti – boot pantitjamati – inform on someone, dob see grammar pakuku – frog palangu – rock ledge palhakia – back, at the palkit – back (as in ‘pay back’) palpaatju – parrot, ringneck palpit – drug, type of paltha – fork locative is palthiia pamparri – section name
pantjai – very Matjurri ngaika pantjai I’m very tired; Pantjaaya ngulutmia ana nguyi Hold it very (tight) or else it will fall. Wartanganha tjaa pantjaimi arnkami. Tomorrow he’ll be very sick. Pantjatinha lhatina yurruka arrkuntu. They fought hard. Wanta almia tjaa minhangarraka nyiningu tjaa kakika ana pantjai. Don’t squeeze that thing on you, or the wound might get worse.
pampu – egg
papi, papipi – father’s mother
pangithi – there, over there
paplikaatu – pub, hotel, public house (English) Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 39
parikirri – fence, wall (English paddock)
Parrkatha – kin: moiety name
parirripuni – teach, to
parru – yellow, yellow ochre parta – mud parta – scold, to
parirrithati – learn, to parlanha – ready parlathati – loose, to become
partananguru – muddy partati – argue Partaula – place name, a hill on Chatsworth partu – cook, to
parlku – little, a little Wartanganha tjaa arnkami kuntu parlkuka, wartanganha tjaa pantjaimi arnkami. Tomorrow you won’t be a little bit sick, you’ll be very sick.
partupuni – cook well partuthati – cooked well, to get Pathingu – kin: section name
parlkumpirri – little, a little pathulantji – bush with purple flowers parlkupuni – slow down (a car) parnaantun – the other side, on parnampaya - the other side, on parnaya – other side, on the ntiapia parnaya on the other side of the hill
pati – 1. tell someone something Ngathu nyini patinha ngatji martu ingka I told you my mother is coming. 2. tell somebody to do something Ngathu nyini patinha ani karriti. I told you to wash. 3. call something by a particular name. Yanyika patintjangu windmill. White people call it a windmill.
parntaparnta – wood adder patinti – skin, to parntu – steep parntut – see thakut
patja – leave: take leave of; say goodbye to. person you leave has locative ending, person you say goodbye to has allative ending. patjarra – gidyea tree patuma – tell patuma – call someone something
parrantja – female (kangaroo) parrawangku – stupid, mad parriparri – snake, carpet parrkamu – turkey, wild
pau – that: of that one dative of paa pia – down: to get down Piai kunkapiangu! Get down from the tree!
page 40 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
piakarra – kopi see pirrakarra piilkan – peaceful, jovial piipa – paper, newspaper, book (English paper)
pina – ear pinthapurru – trap for fish
pikangiinha – close allative II of pikaya pikantha – cheeks, side of head
pintil-piintil – dotterel
pikarri – creep up close to pikaya – near pintitjirri – grasshopper piku – nail, claw pintjamaraman wanakathi – middle of day piku martu(anngu) – toe: big toe
pintjamaramanti – west
pikurra – bandicoot
pintjamu – sun pila – stone for grinding pilhi-pilhi – spoonbill
pintjamungarra pintjamungarra – every day ingkatjangu pintjamungarra pintjamungarra going every day pintjamu-pintjamungarrathi – every day pintjamuthi – daytime, in the
pilikaan – billy (English billycan) pilimpunii – boil, to (English boil ‘im+punii) pintjamuuya tjaa nanyintitjit – watch, clock pilthi – soft pintjamuwatharramanthingiinha- eastward pilthimarli – soft (of speech, singing)
pintjamuyangu – watch, clock
pilthipuni – soften; to mash, to pulp
pintjanhapintjanha – squatting
pilthithati – soft, to become; crumble
pintjarra – see under makathi
pilthithati marli – dumb
pintji – cut into, scratch, to Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 41
pintjil – person who is dead
pirrimpal[aan] - bird given as: white topknot, corella, scrub turkey
pintjiti – scratch oneself pirrimpi – suck, to pirrimpirri – plant, type of pipalhi – bat pipalpipal, pipali – ribs piparni – man of prowess, good hunter
pirrinha – up pirripirri – bullroarer (Roth) pirripirri – sore, chafed pirritjurrungu – smoke spiral game (Roth)
pipiyn – fruit, type of pirla – coolamon, ‘like a cradle for cooking pitchery’ pirlapirla – baby
pirrki-pirrki – bloodwood
pirlapirla arti – baby, to have a
pirrki-pirrkiyan – rough textured, new born baby, scales of fish
pirlapirlathati – born, be pirtapirta – string for binding hair pitha – grass, Mitchell pitja – cinema (English pictures) pirliarti – pour rain, to pitjinganha – downstream pirnkut – chin pitjirri – pitchery pirnmayn – vein
river gum pirnpirri - river gum, coolibah
pitjurtu – hawk, kite pituri – Bedourie
pirnta – wide puarri – sulky, quiet pirntathati – widen, disperse pirntikali – flowers
puka, pukai – he, she, it see grammar
pirntitjirri – grasshopper
pukaarnti, pukaanti – drag, to
pirrakarra – white paint
pukuai – crawl, to
page 42 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
pukutjut – mouse pukutpukut – nosebone
pungkuarri – bag puni – make, to (only in compounds; see grammar) punpa – ask, to
pulaka – bullock (English) pulangkiti – blanket (English)
punpartingu – grub, type of punpati – speak, speak (of language); converse; talk to oneself punpunpati – talk to oneself punthin – knife, stone, used for introcision puntjaya – feather worn on the arm
pulhun, pulhuun – feather
puntjini – shell pubic covering
pulilngu – clear (of water)
puntju – hair on body, fur puntju yamarra – furr laplap
puli-puli lhaimantitjit – gun pulithi – bullock (English) punuru – grass, type of pupi – mother’s brother pultjini – stone knife, sharp stone
pupirti - suck, to
pultjurru – chips for fire pultjuthati, pultju-pultjuthati – swell, to pulurra – paddy melon
pupula – cloud
pulyurrka – puggaree, headband pumpa – ashes pumpu – toy, type of, also pumpuku
pupulhai – blow on (a fire) Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 43
pupulhai – swell, to make (of a spider biting you) puputi – suck, to puputji – bush (possibly one bearing wild orange) puringa, purringa – quarrion purlapurla – white
purrngu – feather purru – order, an Paa purruka arrantiinha ai lhai. That one bin give im order to kill you.
purlinti – leaf purru, purrupurru – knee purlintian – leafy purlku – loose Kuntu tjaa kuntu purlku ngurlutmiaka Hold it steady! purlu – smoke
purtapurta – sheep
Purlupurlu – Hamilton
purtapurta – mountain gum
purluwarra – white
purturungu – star
purntupurntu – lizard cf. parntaparnta ‘wood adder’
purtutjut, purtitju – ornament for head worn in corroboree (Roth)
puthikat – cat (English) purralku – brolga
puthurra – well, properly, right (way)
purralta – bogged
puthurrapunii – make, fix
purrangka – lame
Puthurru – Stanbroke Station
purrarl – pubic hair
puthut – good
purrku – hill
putjirri – naked
page 44 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
putjun – bark
puyuthati – dry, to become; to dry out
putjunputjun – bark, loose, from paperbark
puyutpuni – hot, to make; to heat
putjuputju – spin ball (Roth) putu – stew putu – pouch
puyutpuyut – hot, very
putu – stomach
raantjuthati – abate (of rain)
putu anyiti, putanyiti – fill oneself (with food)
rakaat – fish type
putu maanti – fill Ngathu kungku waterbag putu maanti I filled the waterbag before leaving. putununti – full up (of creek) rakatju – mussel, mussel shell putuputu – female (of kangaroo etc.) rangirraan – prentie putuyan – pregnant rangkin – stranger puurnaan – fast, quick puurnti – bogged, stuck puurntiimanti – straight, make it
rangkurraan – peewee rangkut – level with, in line with
puurntu – quickly puwa – sister, older puyu – if
rantani – duck
puyu – they two
rantja – fork of tree
puyu – dry puyulu – post for emu net
rantji – lying around in numbers (of bark, fallen leaves, etc) rantju – slow rapamayi – sneak up on
puyumpuyumpu – scorpion rapatji – pigeon, brown puyumutji – item of ceremonial dress like cricket pads
riilku – berry, big, white; sweet
puyut – hot, warm
rimpil – eggshell Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 45
ritjawa – lignum bush
thail – hard, strong, tough, firm (not loose), dry
ritjinguthinha – Dreamtime, Dreaming
thailati – harden, dry up thaka – bark (of tree) thakalati – peel (intrans)
ritjurru – intestines, guts
rukupi – swallow, to rumpa – grind, to rumpi – fear, to
thakamita – sugarbag meaning not certain
thakamunthu – possum thakat parntu-parntu – throat (external) thaku – grindstone
rumpimai – frighten, to
thakurru – perch rungka – lightning
thakuyan – snake, large, poisonous given as mulga snake, green snake and brown snake
rungkarri – west rungula – thunder rupu – rope (English)
thala – ball
rutjulu – gravel
thalathala – flat thalimpirri – club thalpu – rib thalpuparri – duck, black
rutu – road (English) thalthungarra – night, middle of Tatja – Duchess thalu – worm tatunu – plant unidentified
thampirra – spear, head of
thaamu – totem, ‘meat’
thankin – crane
page 46 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
thanku, thankuthanku – wet
thaun – town (English)
thanpathanpa – swamp
Thaurrala,Thaurrula – Fort William
thanpurru – bush: needlebush
thayarta – bag made from leaves sewn together thii – cooked past tense of thui ‘cook’
thapantu – foot
thii – tea (English)
thapikurla – small, little
thiinati – middle, to get in
thapikurlapunii – small, to cut up thapithapikurla – small, little, light (of rain) thapu – brother, older thapurlakanga – chest?, breast bone?
thiinta – middle thiintangu – middle thikiita – throw! thikinthikin – bad
thaputjurruut – slippery tharlu – pigweed tharlu – mole thikinthikin – sheoak tharntu – hole tharraathit – trousers (English)
thiliarra – feather, emu thilimarri – gidyea, gidgee thilngi – wet thimarta – friend
tharrangana – frog, little green
thina – they
Tharrapatha – Leichhardt River
thina – dinner (English)
tharrkanta – shout, to; talk loudly
thini – cold, to feel Ilirtungu ngai thini I’m cold from the cold.
tharrkatharrka – tendon tharrkitharrki – station near Cloncurry
thinti – vagina
tharrurru – boomerang, fluted (Roth) thatinti – carry thatunu – grass, green
thintipari – beefwood Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 47
thintji – wood, type used for fire
thulat – stick, club
thinyuthati – wet from rain or dew thiriiti – thread (English)
thulkirriparri – pelican (Roth) thirran – beetle thirrathirra – mist, fog
thumai – break, to (trans) thumathumai – kill, to thumati – tangled up, coiled up (of snake) thumpaka, thumpaki – tobacco (English)
thirrirri, thirrii – centipede also thirtirri, thirtii thirrithirri – locust
thumpararra – lizard, blue tongue
thirriwa – east thu – burn, to (trans); cook, to thumparn – crayfish thuai – cut, to thumpunngu – rock, flat thuarra – flowing water, flood thuna – run, go fast; blow hard (of wind) thuarraan – doctor thunga – poor fella thuat – snake thui – cook, burn thukarrpayan – rotten (of wood)
thungarrapanu, thungaamparnu – poor fella thungkurru – tree: needlebush thungumpirri – bad thungumpirripuni – bad, to make; spoil
thuku – dog
thuni- - run irregular past tense thuninha, frequentative thunintjangu
page 48 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
thunpulthu – buttocks
thunpulthu kurri-kurri – spider, redback
thurtukunangu – right hand thurtuthati – straight, to become thurunpu, thuunpu – flea
thunpun – log
thuthu – louse
Thunpuyungu – kin: section name
thuti – break, to (intrans) karlara thuti drown (intrans) thuuthuu – markings, pattern, ripples
thuntal putu – moon, cresecent thunthal – moon
thuuthuu – writing thuuthuu artii – paint, to; to mark
thunthal ilyangu - new moon thunti – take, take with one thunuma – run irregular present tense
thuuthuu artii – write, to
thupu – soap (English) thurra – flat
thuuthuuyangu – pen, pencil
thurrithurri – root
Titjarra – Djarra
thurrithurri – rope
tjaa – this, here
thurrkananti – hurry someone up
tjaamiakaya – these see grammar
thurrku – stick used to make fire, probably the base piece
tjaara – shirt
thurrngun – ashes, esp. ashes used to decorate body, paint
tjaawatikaya – these two see grammar
thurrpuparri – wood duck
tjalalu – turkey, plains; bush turkey
thurruun – bird
tjalka – narrow
thurtuku – straight
tjalkani – narrow Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 49
tjalkili – narrow
tjarralmai – wash, to (transitive) tjarruali – pigeon: flock pigeon tjarti – clean seeds, to ; to rub seeds
tjalku – bed
tjatji, tjatjitji – kin: mother’s father, man’s daughter’s child Tjatjuuti – Chatsworth
tjalunkut – kookaburra tjampat – spit, saliva, phlegm tjampat intjii – spit, on Intjii ngai tjampartu. He spat on me.
tjawan, tjawarn – frog: big, brown frog tjayangu – old, former tjayanha – past; earlier (in days or remote past), previously, formerly Kunthu ngathu nanya tjayanha. I never saw him before (now). tjayanha puthut – past: long past; (long ago)
tjampat ithiti – spit, to Wanta itita thampat ngaingu. Don’t spit on me; Ngatjinha tjampatku ithiti. He spat at me.
tjiai – take out (from a container) tjialmi – take out from a container (future)
tjiaparla – caterpillar: hairy caterpillar tjampu – kingfisher tjampultja – plant, type of tjangkaathi – here tjangkaingu – from here; from this tjanpara – stick: walking stick tjarra – wash, to (intransitive); bogey, to
Tjiata – Djarra tjiila – take out! imperative of tjiai tjiingku – noise tjiingkuyan – noisy, too noisy tjikal – kangaroo: rat kangaroo tjikarlaan – tree: bean tree
tjarralku – frog
tjikarra – shell, white
page 50 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
tjikilirri – shell used in sorcery
tjintit-tjintit – willie wagtail
tjiku – navel
tjipa – this, see grammar
tjikurru – waxbill, zebra finch tjikutjiku – maggot tjilarrinpa – noise, make a tjilka – spear, small tjilkarri – grass, type of
tjipamiyakaya – these, see grammar tjipatikaya – these two, see grammar tjipu – growth, new (of grass, bushes)
tjilkurruyan – grass: long bubba grass, lucerne
tjipulyu – whistler duck
tjilulirra – trap
tjiputjipuli – full: too full, overfull
tjimpal – tree, leaves used in burning pituri
tjirriku – bone used in ‘pointing the bone’
tjimpala – reeds used in net making
tjirrima – mouse,, native
tjingkamu – tree: ‘prune tree’ tjingkut – sneeze tjingkut lhai – sneeze, to
tjirrka – star
tjirrkatjirrka – hat tjinparra – budgerigar tjinpun – plant type
tjirrkurruyan – grass: type of grass with edible seeds
tjintarlurra – noose on stick for catching birds
tjirtamai, tjirtaamai – care for; be careful
tjinthi – talk about somebody; to gossip about ngatji tjinthiitjin, talking about me
tjirtamanman – cramp
tjinthitjamati – talk about oneself, to boast tjinti – search, to
tjirtamanmanati – cramp, to get tjirtamati – care for oneself; be careful; watch out tjiti – pubic hair tjitji – waxbill tjitjimai – fuss, to cause; to cause a row
tjintipit – willie wagtail
tjuarri – shirt (English) Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 51
tjuintju – crayfish tjuku - ear tjuku – steep (hill) tjukutjuku – boomerang, hook
tjurnpa – jump, to tjurnpa wairra – pant, to tjurnta – dirty (of water) tjurri – Tjurri (mythical person) tjurrkathuna – hurry, trot (of horse)
tjukutjuku – chook tjukutjuku – ear tjukutjuku ntuu – ear hole tjultjai – straighten Kunthalithu mai ai tjultja Grease spear make im straight. tjultjantitjamai – stretch (oneself), stretch one’s legs
tjurrkathunti – trot, to make (of horse) tjurru – spine, spike, prickle tjurruali – pigeon: flock pigeon tjurrukungu – animal that burrows tjurrupun [1] – plant, type of tjurrutayarta- thick (of bush, forest) tjurrutayata – scrubby, too tjurruttjurrut – smooth, like kangaroo skin
tjultji – intestines tjunpun – narrow
tjurruyan – echidna, porcupine
tjunpunati – closed, become
tjurta – gum (substance)
tjunpunpuni – close, to; block Ngulthu tjumpunpunitia! Put your legs together!
tjurta – tree: river gum? bean tree? tjurtamu – fight, battle tjurtu – ball tjurtu – car
tjurlka – snake: whipsnake, small plains snake
tjurtu – coolamon
tjurlupuni – hide, to (transitive)
tjurtu – tree: corkwood
tjurluthati – hide oneself, be hidden
tunka – laplap
page 52 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
uka – see utja
umaaka – black paint
ukarntatjayingu – tree type
umantjamantja – black paint
ukarra – flower type, river gum
umparna – poisonous, poisoned
uku – cheek
umu – wax, beeswax
ukut – string for death bone (Roth)
umuyan – waxed unakarli – navel
ulaarn – noon, middle of the day unarru – navel ularri – crowd unarruut – straight, correct ulhi – die, to unarutngu – right hand, on the ulku – long (of time) Kuntu ngai ngithi ulku inimi. I won’t stay here long.
ungkankunha – inside allative: to the inside
ulmu – vomit
ungkanta – inside locative: in the inside ungkurlu – sibling, younger
ulthai – pick fruit or berries; dig yams ulti – take, to, meaning not certain unkuritju – windbreak ultji - blood untha – wet, to get ultjimai, ultjiultjimai – bleed, to make; draw blood unu – faeces ultjinta – bleed, to (intrans) unu – intestine ulu, ulhu – louse (also given as ‘bee’) unu martu – intestine, large ‘big tripe’ ulu, ulhu – bee (also given as ‘louse’) unu ritjurru – intestines ulukurru – pigeon unu tjapikulu – intestine, small ulukuurru – dove unu tjultji – intestine: ‘milk gut’ Ulupu – Djarra unuani – glad, pleased unukurru – navel
uluyan, uluyaan – eaglehawk
Unumara – Wunumara People and language Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 53
unungkati – wind
urti – finish (intrans), come to an end, run out urtimai – finish (trans), use up, consume
unungu, unungu-unungu – blowfly, blowflies Ununguinanguina – Bushy Park ununtui – gut, to
uru – crawl, crouch down, bend down putungka uru lie on stomach
unurtutu – tadpole uruampa – call out loudly unut – we see grammar
uruma – baby, new born
unutjultji – intestines
Urupu – Urupu, mountain near Dajarra
uparrintji – young man (Roth: after 2nd degree initiation)
utha – bag for carrying relics of dead
upimpa – whistle to dog
uthampirri – defecate
upit – receptacle for blood
uthanthii – have, hold, keep, own, look after, mind
upurn – frog, big brown
uthanthiitjit – chair
uraura – spawn of frogs
Utharru – kin: moiety name
uraura – dribble, spit
uthat – side
uringa – quarrion, pigeon, brown
uthat, uthata – wait!, see uthati
uritjirri – round uthati – wait for urlkuurri – long, tall uthatngarra – other side Urnku – kin: section name (possibly not Kal, cf. Nga unku) urnpa – rustle (of leaves) urnpii – take with one (companion, weapon, etc.)
uthi – flower, meaning not certain uthingka – behind
urnpurnpi – carry, to urrimpirtu – pigeon, plumed
uthingkathati – behind: get behind, take up a position behind
urripirri – circle
uthirra – hold someone back, restrain
urrma – wag tail (of dog)
uthirramai – hold someone back, restrain
page 54 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
uthu – fish, small type
wairra tjurnpa – pant, to wairra ulhi – die, to
ghost gum uti – tree: snappy gum, carbeen, ghost gum
wairraitithati – died, to have also wairra ulhi nha ngampu wakampa – noise, to make a
uti – absent, to be kulpurru utinyin ‘got no shame’, kuu uti (flood) water go down wakan – crow, also wakarla wakanirrati – quiet, be, quiet, become utingat – emu wakanit – quiet, making no noise utja – just, only Pantitjamtinha tjaa tuja arrkunkua. You dobbed just to cause a fight. (Yal utja lies, gammon)
Wakapungka – Wagabungga, people and language
utjaawa – carbeen, ghost gum
wakarla – crow, also wakan
utjan – fire, firewood
wakarri – fish
utjautja – club
wakathani – sneak along, sneak up on
utjurla – net, fishing
wakathati – work, to (English)
utuman – possum wakini – turn around, twist utunthu – liver wakita – chest utunthukantha – heart waku – skin utupa – frog, green tree waku – banknote wairra – heart (as the seat of emotion), breath Not used to refer to the anatomical heart, but is translated ‘heart’ by speakers. wairra ithiti – breathe, draw breath Kuntu wairraithit. He not blow no more (i.e. He’s dead). wairra nuu – like, to; to desire, to want Lit. ‘heart lie’.The two words may be seperated by the possessor of the ‘heart’. This predicate takes a dative or clausal complement.
wakunti – shy, to be Wakunti ngai nyunkua. I’m shy of you. Walarla – Buckingham Station
walintjangu – fig, native Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 55
walintjit thumati – coil up (of snake)
wamparla – incorrect, careless
walipirri – hut
wamparlanha – incorrectly, accidentally, carelessly, (do it) anyhow, by mistake
walkaartu – lizard type wamparlathati – lost, to become walkat – guts wamu – coals, hot ashes walkirriparri – pelican wanana – horse wangi – kin: younger sibling, ungkurlu is the common word, wangi is Pitta-Pitta walpala – white fella (English) walpalai – lose, to; leave behind, to miss (one’s mother, etc.), to let go of walthutwalthut – belongings, swag walumarra – woman (Roth: woman after 2nd initiation)
wangka – shin wangkangulthu – brolga wangkata – lizard, like a blue-tongue
walungkat – out in the bush, away from the camp wamarnkali – across, to go wanhaka - sun wamathithirraan – piebald wani – play, to wamathumai – across, go (a river, etc.) wanika – tendon wamathumai – across, make a mark used of making a mark across a shield and of acquiring a scratch across the hand
wanika – string, rope waninti – play corroboree, to
wamila – sleep Ngathu nyini wamilathi artii. I dreamed of you. nuntjaaya wamilakunha lie down to go sleep
wanintitjit – toy, plaything wanpa – broom, double-headed, used in corroboree wanta – don’t
wamilayan – asleep Wantaarlpi – Stanbroke Station wamilha – temple, side of head wantarl – mussel, mussel shell wamirra – woomera (via English) wampa – girl wampampala – girl
wantha – maggot wanthi – follow, to Wanta wnthia ngainguka, yarrkathatia. Don’t follow me, keep away.
page 56 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
wanthinti – follow, to
warntu – heel
wanthiwanthi – follow, to
warramparta – axe, tomahawk
wantimai – lift, pick up, carry wantipirti – excel, to (at fighting) wantiwanti – feather, wing warrathanguyan – lizard, frilled warrawarra – stick for digging
wantu - net
warrintja – flower meaning not certain
wanurlu – coil (of snake), bend (of river)
warrku – shoulder warrma – corroboree, song, dance warrmarri – woman, white (English white Mary)
wanyi – elbow Wanyi – Wanyi, people and language wanyimartu – wasp waparu – scar wapu – stick waputhu – mother-in-law wararruyanati – dopey, getting; tired, getting warathinha – morning, in the; early waripirian – willy-willy warlua – shade, shadow
warrpanthurru – hair, long (on head) warrpanthurruyan – hair: long-haired, ‘hair like a woman’ warta – dark wartamakal – dark wartanganha – tomorrow wartanganhangara – day after tomorrow wartangka – night: during the night, in the dark wartangka ilya – night: last night wartangkawartangka – late wartathumanti – eaglehawk
warluangarrathi – the other night warlumaan, warluman – pup warluwawarluwa – windbreak
wartatji – orange, wild
warni – later, later on
wartu – shoulderblade
warnka – maggot
wartuku – fish hook Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 57
waru – path, track warukara – path, track warupu – hair waruwaru – Milky Way
watjin – spine, prickle, point, bristle, spinifex watjin wathala – bandicoot given as kangaroo rat & bandicoot watjinaan – echidna, porcupine
wataarri – dragonfly
watju – bean tree
watharra – come out, emerge also get out of bed, rise (of sun), grow (of plant)
wiamai – blow (the fire to make it burn) Wiamia! Blow (on it)!
watharranti – come out, to make; to rouse, to flush (game) wathi – hole for cooking wathi – ant big black ant wathinti – carry, to
wii – interrogative word, see grammar wiin – knife, chisel wiin – knife, stone wiltha – dew, sweat wintalalya – feather worn on arm wirarru – tough
wathukati – dig, to wirarrungkali – lean (of meat) watinha – both, together wirirri – flower watirli – laplap, possum skin wirraka – laplap, grass watjali – before, in front of thuatpia watjali na in front of the snake
wirrinta – knife yaangi – side, on the
watjali – first yaanginha – side, on the watjalingu – first yaun watjalingu eldest
yaarnkanha – alone; on one’s own yakapi – hear, understand
watjalinha – first watjarra – beefwood
yakapiti – feel (emotionally)
watjikani – woman, white (English white gin?)
yalapala – part-Aborigine, half-caste (English yellow fellow)
page 58 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
yalapu – green
yanpirri – lightning
Yalarnnga – Yalarnnga People and language
yanpirriyan – storm bearing used to describe storm clouds
yalat – penis, subincised; whistlecock yantathui – light a fire yalatji – sick yalaurra – bad in condition, sick, unhealthy
yantatja – firestick given as firedrill and as tinder
yalaurrathati – sick, get maaiti yalaurrathati get sick without any food
yantji – bush: leaves used for cooking pitchery yanuanti – heart
yalirra – hill distant hills, possibly proper name of nearby ranges
yanyi – man, white yanyi – ghost
yalkapari – boomerang yalkayalka – emu net (Roth) yalki – groin yalpaatja – cloud, white
yapala – egg yolk yapala – red ochre yaparrirri – man, young after first initiation yapatjarra – well, healthy, clever
yalpungu – conkerberry yapatjarrapuni – well, to make; cure to Yalulha – Eulola Station yamarra – laplap, cock rag
yapatjarrathati – well, to get
Yamirliyamirli – Old Hammerly Station
yapurntitji – snake, white, poisonous
yamparra – camp, single women’s
yara – pouch (of marsupial)
yampi – bank of river
yararri – tail
yampi – rib bone yarikayan – hungry yampurru – shield yangaarlu – language yangit – bird-catching tool consists of stick and string, not certain whether it’s a bolas, or a noose on stick
yarikayanati – hungry, to grow yarlpi – net, emu yarnmangu – heavy Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 59
yawirra – cockatoo, sulphur-crested yaya – keep back! yuku – spear yukurta – husband yarnpat – beard
yulharra, yulhaarra – goanna, big, savage, piebald
yarntatja – stick for rubbing for fire yarntu – windbreak, humpy yulman – woomera yulpatha – kinship grouping, see grammar yarraman – horse (NSW word via English) yarrka – far, distant yarrkalaan – mussel, mussel shell yarrkangu – distance, from a yarrkapuni – distant, to make yarrkathati – distant, to be
yuma – up yumpuyumpu – insect, flying, green, like a blowfly yumu – warm yumunthirri – fly yumunthurru – fly yumupuni – warm up something yumuthati – warm, to become yungarrka – smoke
yaruwala – rainbow
yunthu – arm
yathuthirri – middle
yunthu – wing
yatingarra – mopoke
yunthu – tributary (of a river)
yatitji – banded ant- eater yaun – big yunthuarti – message stick, ‘message rope’ yaunaan – big yaunaanati – big, to grow yaunati – grow, to (intrans) Nuia nai yaunatika., Go to bed so you will grow.
yunturru - waistband, given as ‘waistband’ and ‘necklace’ yurlanyirri – storm yurnkungurtu – beetle
page 60 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
yurru – man, strictly ‘initiated Aboriginal male’
yurrurtu – waistband yurturru – song for deceased person
yurru – back, go yurruiti, yurriti - woman, unmarried, lit. man-less
yurruma – cloud
yurtut – snake, water
yurtuyurtu – crocodile
yurrumuku – elbow
yuthutu – tea
yurrunti - back, send
yuu – up, go
yurrupuni – make a man (by initiation)
yuunti – climb, ride (horse)
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 61
This is an English-Kalkadoon alphabetical list. To get extra information on the Kalkadoon words look them up in the Kalkadoon-English alphabetical list. page a abandon lhuai abate [of rain] raantjuthat ablaze kurrarliyan absent, to be uti accidentally wamparlanha ache anthanti across, go 1. manthaara 2. wamarnkali 3. wamathumai adze kumpatha aeroplane katjapi aflame kurrarliyan afraid 1. ilthi 2. ilthinhaanati again kurlukurlu aggressive arrkunaan aggressive, to get arrkunaanati aggressively arrkuntu alcohol 1. kalia 2. kanga alive ithi all the time nyimu alone ayatnha yaarnkanha always nguli always[do] munthumuni angry, to get
24 45 23 55 56 13 26 56 56 22 20 23 15 15 23 14 14 14 17 17 16 38 14 36 32
page kuthu watharra animal that burrows tjurrukungu ankle nhuku another ampu another camp muungarra another one ngarrpa answer anthamai answer! antha mita ant ithi wathi anus mithinthi approach munthingka argue partati arm yunthu arm, upper kuntjal armpit 1. kitjipurlu 2. ngamurru ashamed kulpurru ashes 1. pumpa 2. thurrngun ashes, become kaputhat ask punpa asleep wamilayan at home mulhi at the side lhakia away nhupurru
page 62 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
24 52 37 12 33 35 13 12 16 58 30 31 40 60 22 21 34 21 43 49 19 43 56 31 24 38
page away from the camp walungkat axe 1. marria 2. warramparta
56 27 57
b baby pirlapirla 42 baby, new born uruma 54 baby, to have a pirlapirla artii 42 back mintji 29 back [as in 'pay back'] palkit 39 back [direction] ngantjumuthi 34 back, at the palhakia 39 back, go 1. iti 16 2. yurru 61 back, small of ngampu parntu 34 back, take itinti 16 back, to go ngantjumuthithati 35 back, to send 1. ngantjumuthipuni 34 2. yurrunti 61 back: turn around to the back ngampu wakini 34 bad 1. thikinthikin 47 2. thungumpirri 48 bad in condition yalaurra 59 bad [of meat] 1. mpuu 30 2. mpurruu 30 bad, to make thungumpirripuni 48 bag
page 1. ingki-ingki 2. nyirti 3. pungkuarri 4. thayarta 5. utha bald 1. kantha kirrankirran 2. kantha malapala 3. kirrankirran ball 1. thala 2. tjurtu balls marlingurtu banded ant-eater yatitji bandicoot 1. ati aintjit 2. kalkatu 3. pikurra 4. watjin wathala bank of river 1. mintji 2. yampi banknote waku barb [of spear] 1. anthaumuyan 2. lali bare malapala bare area manumanu bark putjun bark at nhanthi bark [of tree] putjunputjun thaka bat 1. munyu 2. pipalhi battle 1. arrkun 2. tjurtamu be bent kurtukurtuthati be careful 1. martinanyi
15 38 43 47 54 18 18 21 46 52 27 60 14 17 41 58 29 59 55 13 24 25 26 45 37 45 46 32 42 14 52 23 28
2. tjitaamai 3. tjitamai 4. tjitamati be hidden tjurluthati be shiny mintja bean tree 1. tjikarlaan 2. tjurta(?) 3. watju beard yarnpat bed 1. ithapi 2. muun 3. tjalku bee 1. ulu 2. ulhu beefwood 1. thintipari 2. watjarra beeswax umu beetle 1. thirran 2. yurnkungurtu before watjali before [in time] 1. ngampungarra 2. ngampunguthunha behind uthingka behind, get; take up a position behind uthingkathati belongings walthutwalthut bend down uru bend something munthumai bend [of river] wanurlu bend [of river], to kurtukurtuthati berry, big, white riilku
page
page
51 51 51
big 1. yaun 60 2. yaunaan 60 big, to grow yaunaanati 60 billy pilikaan 41 bird 1. pirrimpal(aan) 42 2. thurruun 49 bird-catching tool yangit 59 bird: white (chested) hawk kulnguparri 21 bite itjai 16 biter itjaintjit 16 bitter kalia 17 black 1. marrtjin 28 2. marrtjintjula 28 3. matjin 28 4. matjintjula 28 black paint 1. umaaka 53 2. umantjamantja 53 blanket 1. kulapurru 21 2. pulangkiti 43 bleed, to make 1. ultjimai 53 2. ultjiultjimai 53 bleed, to [intrans] ultjinta 53 blind mutjuparri 33 blind in one eye milthayat 29 block tjunpunpuni 52 block one's throat [a cold] karlara tjumpunpuni 19 blood ultji 53 blood, receptacle for upit 54 blood, to draw 1. ultjimai 53
52 29 50 52 58 60 16 33 50 53 53 47 58 53 48 60 58 34 34 54
54 56 54 32 57 23 45
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 63
page
page
2. ultjiultjimai 53 bloodwood pirrki-pirrki 42 blow hard [of wind] thuna 48 blow on fire 1. pupulhai 43 2. wiamai 58 blowfly 1. unungu 54 2. unungu-unungu 54 blunt 1. ingkia 15 2. muarnu 30 3. murntu 32 boast tjinthitjamati 51 bogey tjarra 50 bogey man mukayat 30 bogged 1. purralta 44 2. puurnti 45 boil pilimpunii 41 bone used in 'pointing the bone' 1. kathipirna 20 2. tjirriku 51 bone worn through nose itjingata 16 boney bream mirrikan 29 book piipa 41 boomerang yalkapari 59 boomerang, fluted 1. marapila or marrapila 26 2. tharrurru 47 boomerang, hook 1. inthamari 15 2. inthayan yalkapari 15 3. tjukutjuku 52 boot pantipanti 39 born, be 1. milthithati 29 2. pirlapirlathati 42
boss maatha 25 both watinha 58 bottle tree kanthathaku 18 Boulia Kalpurru 17 box man wears over penis kantayu 18 boy 1. kalpinngurru 17 2. karnku 19 3. kuyirri 24 boyfriend mirtamirta 30 boys kuyikuyirri 24 brain kuthu 24 brainless munthuiti 32 branch ngulthu 36 branch, stick kunka 22 break, to [intrans] thuti 49 break, to [trans] thumai 48 bream, black 1. kalkangu 17 2. mangkarla 26 breast 1. kanthangamangama 18 2. mimi 29 breast bone ngartili 35 breath wairra 55 breathe, draw breath wairra ithiti 55 breeze 1. kuyaangu 24 2. kuyangu 24 bring munthu wathinti 32 bring back 1. itinti 16 2. munthu wathinti 32
page 64 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
page bristle watjin brolga 1. kulthuut 2. mirrikunpanya 3. purralku 4. wangkangulthu broom, double-headed wanpa brother, older thapu Buckingham Station Walarla budgerigar tjinparra bullant munthun bullock 1. nhantjarrayan 2. pulaka 3. pulithi bullroarer pirripirri burn manii thui burn, to [trans] thu bury 1. anthakati 2. katii bush puputji bush turkey tjalalu bush, types of 1. munangu pathulantji 2. yantji bush: needlebush thanpurru Bushy Park Ununguinanguina butcher atintji lhaintjit butterfly kulyartapu buttocks 1. muyu 2. thunpulthu by and by
58 22 29 44 56 56 47 55 51 32 37 43 43 42 26 48 48 12 20 44 49 31 59 47 54 14 22 33 49
page marni c cake kiki calf or leg marla call out mpaa call out loudly uruampa call someone kunhii call (name) 1. pati 2. patuma camp 1. murruu 2. murruunha 3. muu camp for single men mantawitha camp for single women 1. mantakalu 2. yamparra camp, in mulhi can't understand munthuiti car 1. mutuka 2. tjurtu carbeen 1. uti 2. utjaawa care for 1. tjirtaamai 2. tjirtamai care for oneself tjitamati careless wamparla carelessly wamparlanha carpet snake parriparri carry 1. karrintii 2. thatinti 3. urnpurnpi
27
20 27 30 54 22 40 40 32 32 33 26 26 59 31 32 33 52 55 55 51 51 51 56 56 40 19 47 54
page 4. wantimai 5. wathinti cat 1. nyarrapunga 2. puthikat catch ngulutmai caterpillar 1. kanthathaku 2. tjiaparla cause a row tjitjimai cave 1. kurrkira 2. nhanga centipede 1. thirrii 2. thirrirri certain matimpirrka chafed pirripirri chair uthanthiitjit chase 1. ngaimai 2. ngarama Chatsworth Tjatjuuti Chatsworth, a hill on Partaula cheek 1. pikantha 2. uku chest 1. manthat 2. ngalinyirri 3. ngamurna 4. thapurlakanga 5. wakita chestnut [of horses] 1. kiapari 2. kiaparri chew something kuka itjai child nhawut child of man kunkuyu chin
57 58 38 44 36 18 50 51 23 37 48 48 28 42 54 34 35 50 40 41 53 26 34 34 47 55 20 20 21 37 22
page 1. alinuku 2. anthangaltha 3. anthapirnkut 4. pirnkut chips for fire pultjurru chisel 1. kumpatha 2. wiin choke ngultjakamai karla(r)a chook 1. kinti wathuwathurra 2. tjukutjuku chop intji cinema pitja circle 1. kurtakurtali 2. urripirri claw piku claypan kukithirri clean 1. karlii 2. karri clean seeds tjarti clear [of water] pulilngu cleared 1. malapala 2. manumanu clever yapatjarra cliff mitjalharru climb yuunti clock 1. pintjamuuya tjaa nanyintitjit 2. pintjamuyangu Cloncurry River Paimarra close 1. pikangiinha 2. tjunpunpuni closed, become
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 65
12 13 13 42 43 22 58 36 21 52 16 42 23 54 41 21 19 19 50 43 25 26 59 30 61 41 41 39 41 52
page tjunpunati 52 clothes kuluuthu 22 cloud 1. pupula 43 2. yurruma 61 cloud, white yalpaatja 59 club 1. thalimpirri 46 2. thulat 48 3. utjautja 55 coals kapu 19 wamu 56 cockatoo, sulphur-crested yawirra 60 cockatoo, white marrpu 28 cockrag yamarra 59 coil up [of snake] walintjit thumati 55 coil [of snake] wanurlu 56 coiled up [of snake] thumati 48 cold 1. ilit 15 2. ngunkut 36 cold season ilit 15 cold, a 1. mangu 26 2. mungkumungku 31 cold, to become ilirrati 15 cold, to feel thini 47 come out watharranti 58 come out, emerge watharra 58 come this way munthingka 31 come to an end urti 54 come towards munthingka 31 completely
page ngampu congregate anthamurtuthati congregate, to ngukuthati conkerberry 1. nyuanngu 2. yalpungu consume urtimai converse punpati cook 1. partu 2. thu 3. thui cook well partupuni cooked thii cooked well, to get partuthati cool 1. ilit 2. ilitpunii cool to become ilirrati coolamon 1. nhangkut 2. pirla 3. tjurtu coolibah 1. intapulumapuluma(?) 2. kalatja 3. makarru 4. pirnpirri copulate mputi copulate with mpui copulation mpuyumpuyu corella 1. kuluta 2. marapungu 3. murrumarri corkwood tree tjurtu cormorant karlakarla
page 66 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
34 13 36 38 59 54 43 40 48 48 40 47 40 15 15 15 37 42 52 15 17 25 42 30 30 30 22 26 32 52 19
page correct unarruut corroboree 1. kilya 2. malkarri 3. maltju 4. warrma corroboree ground matjurru cough 1. ngaka 2. ngarrka country muu cousin muarnngu cover katii cover oneself up 1. kakati 2. karrkati crab 1. karntat 2. marakathu cramp tjirtamanman cramp, to get tjirtamanmanati crane (bird) thankin crawl 1. pukuai 2. uru crawly-bitey itjaintjit crayfish 1. murlu 2. thumparn 3. tjuintju creek kua creep up close pikarri crippled 1. kakian 2. kuntungu 3. nhiltha crocodile yurtuyurtu crooked
53 21 25 25 57 28 34 35 33 30 20 17 19 19 26 51 51 46 42 54 16 32 48 52 21 41 17 23 37 61
page 1. kurtukurtu 2. kurtikurti cross over [creek] amathuma crouch down uru crow 1. wakarla 2. waken crowd 1. kitikiti 2. ularri crumble pilthithati cry lunga cure yapatjarrapuni curved kurtukurtuthati cut thuai cut into pintji cut through intji d Dajarra 1.Titjarra 2.Tjiata 3.Ulupu dance warrma dark 1. miwaru 2. warta 3. wartamakal dark, in the wartangka dark, to grow miwaruthati daughter ngalhu daughter's child, man's 1. tjatji 2. tjatjitji day after tomorrow wartanganhangara day before yesterday
23 23 12 54 55 55 21 53 41 25 59 23 48 41 16
49 50 53 57 30 57 57 57 30 34 50 50 57
page ngainhingarra day [in counting time] mungarra daytime, in the pintjamuthi death adder mukurtu debris from flood kathakatha defecate uthampirri depart 1. kaanta 2. kaarnta desire wairra nuu Devoncourt Mpulamara dew 1. katja 2. wiltha die 1. ulhi 2. wairra ulhi died, to have wairraitithati dig wathukati dig yams ulthai dingo munuthangu dinner thina dirt muu dirty muuyan dirty [of water] tjurnta disappear ngamputhati disperse pirntathati distance, from a yarrkangu distant yarrka distant, to be yarrkathati
34 31 41 31 20 54 17 17 55 30 20 58 53 55 55 58 53 32 47 33 33 52 34 42 60 60 60
page distant, to make yarrkapuni dive kantharri diver [bird] 1. kurranyirri 2. nyilhi divide up into pieces malthapuni [do it] anyhow wamparlanha dob pantitjamati doctor 1. thuarraan 2. mangarnaan dog thuku don't wanta dopey, getting wararruyanati dotterel pintil-piintil dove ulukuurru down: to get down pia downstream pitjinganha drag 1. pukaanti 2. pukaarnti dragonfly wataarri dream artii wamilhathi Dreamtime, Dreaming ritjinguthinha dress kawun dribble 1. ngantha 2. uraura dried up muyuta drive a peg in kantha lha drown, to [intrans] 1. karlaa thuti
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 67
60 18 23 38 25 56 39 48 26 48 56 57 41 53 40 42 42 42 58 14 46 20 34 54 33 18 19
page 2. karlara thuti 19 drug, type of palpit 39 drunk kuuyan 24 drunk, be milthi wakini 29 dry 1. muyuta 33 2. puyu 45 3. thail 46 dry out, to, become dry puyuthati 45 dry up 1. muyutathati 33 2. thailati 46 Duchess Tatja 46 duck rantani 45 duck down kanthapiarrati 18 duck, black 1. karrapa 19 2. mangawirra 26 3. thalpuparri 46 duck, wood 1. maramitaaka 26 2. kunampa 22 dumb 1. marli pilthithati 27 2. pilthithati marli 41 dust kathunggarra 20 duststorm marrkamarrka 27 e each other munthupit eagle 1. karrkanyi 2. kumaintuitjit eaglehawk 1. uluyaan 2. uluyan 3. wartathumanti ear 1. intha 2. pina
32 19 22 53 53 57 15 41
page 3. tjuku 52 4. tjukutjuku 52 earlier [in day or remote past] tjayanha 50 early 1. marlampirra 27 2. warathinha 57 east kialparri thirriwa 20 eastward pintjamuwatharramanthingiinha 41 eat 1. ai 12 2. aili 12 3. ala 12 4. ari 13 5. arili 13 echidna 1. tjurruyan 52 2. watjinaan 58 egg 1. kuthu 24 2. pampu 39 egg yolk 1. nyuu 39 2. yapala 59 eggshell rimpil 45 elbow 1. wanyi 57 2. yurrumuku 61 elsewhere muungarra 33 embrace ngultjakamai 36 emerge from a hole ntuutjamai 38 emu utingat 55 emu net yalkayalka 59 enter arra 14 equal kiangu 20 erection kurrukurru 23 Eulola Station Yalulha 59
page 68 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
page every day 1. pintjamu-pintjamungarrathi 41 2. pintjamungarra pintjamungarra 41 excel, to [at fighting] wantipirti 57 exchange anyiti 13 excrete [urine, faeces, egg] ngkai 36 explain lhumanti 24 extract ntui 38 eye milthi 29 eyebrows, eyelashes 1. milinu 28 2. mingankarri 29 eyelid milpunyun 29 f face munthu faeces unu fail 1. nguntja 2. nguntjapunii faint milthi thuti fall nguyi fall over 1. munthithit 2. munthu ithiti fall [of rain] artii fall, make nguyinti far yarrka fast puurnaan fat 1. kunthali 2. miarraan father kurla father's mother
31 53 36 36 29 37 31 31 14 37 60 45 22 28 23
page 1. papi 2. papipi father's sister ngutjit fear rumpi feather 1. kuthi 2. pulhun 3. pulhuun 4. purrngu feather worn on arm 1. puntjaya 2. wintalalya feather, emu thiliarra feather, wing wantiwanti feel [emotionally] yakapiti female kintja female [animal] 1. karrau 2. putuputu female [kangaroo] parrantja fence parikirri few nhami fig, native walintjangu fight arrkun tjurtamu fill putu maanti fill oneself [with food] 1. putanyiti 2. putu anyiti fill up anthanhaintji fin lhirrin find nganthamai finish [intrans] urti finish [trans]
39 39 36 46 24 43 43 44 43 58 47 57 58 21 19 45 40 40 37 55 12 52 45 45 45 13 24 34 54
page urtimai fire, firewood 1. maka 2. utjan firestick yantatja firewood panka firm [not loose] thail first 1. watjali 2. watjalingu 3. watjalinha fish wakarri fish hook 1. kartapi 2. wartuku fish types 1. rakaat 2. uthu fish: yellow belly miarraan fishing line kartapi fix puthurrapunii flame 1. anthanhulu 2. kurrarli f flat 1. thalathala 2. thurra flat nose itjintji thalathala flea 1. thurunpu 2. thuunpu flesh miat flock, to anthamurtuthati flood thuarra flood over the bank mintji lhai flow
54 25 55 59 39 46 58 58 58 55 19 57 45 55 28 19 44 13 23
46 49 16 49 49 28 13 48 29
page 1. kaanta 2. kaarnta flower 1. pirntikali 2. uthi 3. warrintja 4. wirirri flower of gidyea muki flower of river gum ukarra flowing water thuarra flush [game] watharranti fly 1. milnga 2. yumunthirri 3. yumunthurru flying fox mungat fog thirrathirra follow 1. kapani 2.ngarama 3. wanthi 4. wanthinti 5. wanthiwanthi food maa foot thapantu forehead 1. munthu 2. munthu mirrimirri forget 1. inthakayapunii 2. inthakayarapunii 3. inthakayarati 4. inthakayati fork paltha fork of tree 1. lali 2. rantja former tjayangu formerly tjayanha
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 69
16 16 42 54 57 58 30 53 48 58 28 60 60 31 48 18 35 56 57 57 25 47 31 32 15 15 15 15 39 24 45 50 50
page Fort William 1.Thaurrala 2.Thaurrula fresh inyalngu friend 1. katji 2. thimarta frighten rumpimai frog 1. pakuku 2. tjarralku frog, big brown 1. upurn 2. tjawan 3. tjawarn frog, green tree utupa frog, little green tharrangana from here 1. lhungu 2. tjangkaingu from this tjangkaingu fruit, type of pipiyn full up [of creek] putununti full up [with food] maanti full: too full, overfull tjiputjipuli fur puntju fur laplap puntju yamarra fuss, to cause tjitjimai
47 47 16 20 47 46 39 50 54 50 50 55 47 24 50 50 42 45 25 51 43 43 51
g galah 1. kilakila 20 2. kilaurru 20 game [creatures] ati 14 gather arnpa 14 gather together [intrans]
page
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ngukuthati 36 gather together [trans] ngukupunii 36 get 1. arnpa 14 2. manii 26 3. munma 31 ghost yanyi 59 ghost gum 1. uti 55 2. utjaawa 55 giddy milthi uti-utianati 29 gidyea, gidgee 1. patjarra 40 2. thilimarri 47 gidyea flower muki 30 girl 1. antu 13 2. katjarra 20 3. kinawari 21 4. nyinga 38 5.wampa 56 6.wampampala 56 give 1. angi 12 2. anya 13 3. anyi 13 4. awa 14 5. mita 30 give birth to artii 14 give one another anyiti 13 glad unuani 53 glasses kilatha 20 go ingka 15 go away 1. kaanta 17 2. kaarnta 17 go bang [of thunder, gun] lhumai 24 go between manthaara 26 go fast
thuna 48 go hunting kapani 18 go in arra 14 go through manthaara 26 Goa [people and language] 1. Kua 21 2. Kuamalku 21 goanna, big, savage, piebald 1. yulhaarra 60 2. yulharra 60 goanna, plain kunakaatja 22 goanna, river mararri 27 goat nanikutu 33 gone completely, to be ngamputhati 34 good puthut 44 good hunter piparni 42 gooseberry-like plant kunyirra 23 gossip about tjinthi 51 grass kathit 20 grass, green 1. munku 31 2. thatunu 47 grass, Mitchell pitha 42 grass, types of 1. kanyit 18 2. kalpuman 17 3. munku 31 4. munkumunku 31 5. punuru 43 6. tjilkarri 51 7. tjilkurruyan 51 8. tjirrkurruyan 51 grasshopper karla 19 pintitjirri 41 pirntitjirri 42 gravel
page 70 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
page rutjulu greedy, nyuuyan greedy, to be nyuuyanati green yalapu green grass 1. munku 2. thatunu grey hair 1. muaparri 2. kartul grey-haired 1. kartulaan 2. muupari grey-haired, to become kartulaanati grind rumpa grindstone 1. matjamila 2. thaku grog kurruku groin yalki ground 1. murruu 2. muu ground, on the mulhu group 1. murtu 2. murtupuni group, in a murtu group, to get in murtuthati grow up kanthapirrinhathati grow, to [intrans] yaunati growl [of dog] ntuumpa growth, new [of grass, bushes] tjipu grub, edible kapara
46 39 39 59 31 47 30 19 20 33 20
page grub, types of 1. mangkurtatipula 2. mangkurti 3. punpartingu gum, river 1. pirnpirri 2. tjurta(?) gum, snappy uti gum [substance] tjurta gun puli-puli lhaimantitjit gut 1. ntui 2. ununtui guts 1. walkat 2. ritjurru
26 26 43 42 52 55 52 43 38 54 56 46
46 28 46 23 59 32 33 31 32 32 32 32 18 60 38
51 19
h hail 1. karrakutjungu 2. karrapulu hair warupu hair on body 1. kitjikapua 2. puntju hair, long [on head] warrpanthurru hair: long-haired warrpanthurruyan hairnet 1. kanthamara 2. munthu mirrimirri half-caste yalapala Hamilton Purlupurlu hammer kantha lha Hammerly Station, Old Yamirliyamirli hand makathi handkerchief angkitja hang [intrans] kantjali
19 19 58 21 43 57 57 18 32 58 44 18 59 25 12 18
page hard thail harden thailati hat tjirrkatjirrka have uthanthii hawk mutjurn hawk, kite pitjurtu he 1. alha 2. lhii 3. paka pukai 4. pakayi 5. puka 6. pukai head 1. kantha 2. mapa head, side of pikantha head: lower the head kanthauru headache kantha ngkiki headache, to have a arnka kanthaa headband 1. mirrimirri 2. pulyurrka headband, red karruali healthy Yapatjarra heap murtu hear yakapi heart 1. utunthukantha 2. yanuanti heart (as the seat of emotion) wairra heat, to puyutpuni heavy
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 71
46 46 51 54 33 42 12 24 39 39 42 42 18 26 41 18 18 13 29 43 19 59 32 58 55 59
55 45
page ngawayan yarnmangu 35 heel warntu 57 here 1. ngithi 35 2. nyithi 38 3. tjaa 49 4. tjangkaathi 50 hide oneself 1. munthanyi 31 2. tjurluthati 52 hide, to [trans.] tjurlupuni 52 hill 1. ntia purrku 38 2. yalirra 59 hip nhiantha 37 hit lhai 24 hit on head kantha lha 18 hit with a missile intji 16 hither 1. ngau 35 2. nhaunha 37 hold 1. ngulutmai 36 2. uthanthii 54 hold back ngulutmai 36 hold onto, hold back kamai 17 hold out hand as in begging makathi nuu 25 hold someone back 1. uthirra 54 2. uthirramai 54 hole 1. kili 21 2. lapulapu 24 3. ntuu 38 4. tharntu 47 hole for cooking wathi 58 hook of woomera 1. karrimin 19 2. karrimingu 19 3. lali 24
page hoop kurtakurtali horse 1. wanana 2. yarraman hot ashes 1. kapu 2. wamu hot, to make puyutpuni hot, very puyutpuyut hot, warm puyut hotel paplikaatu house kunti how many? nhamingu how much? 1. nhami 2. nhamingu humpy yarntu hungry 1. pai 2. yarikayan hungry, to grow yarikayanati hunt 1.ima 2.kapani hunt away ngaimai hurry 1. pakapakamai 2. tjurrkathuna hurry someone up thurrkananti husband 1. makurtu 2. yukurta hut walipirri hut, ceremonial 1. lhamirra-mirra 2. ngathunu
page 72 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
23 56 60 19 56 45 45 45 39 22 37 37 37 60 39 59 59 15 18 34 39 52 49 25 60 56 24 35
page i I 1. ngai 2. ngathu I don't know 1. kali 2. kalingungkanha ibis kulinyirri if puyu ignorant nguangua ignorant of ngunkangu ill, to be arnka in anger arrkuntu in front of watjali in line with rangkut incorrect wamparla incorrectly wamparlanha inform on someone pantitjamati inform pantii innocent nguangua insect-like creature itjaintjit insect type yumpuyumpu insert arranti inside 1. ungkankunha 2. ungkanta interrogative word wii intestine unu intestine, large unu martu intestine, small unu tjapikulu
33 35 17 17 21 45 36 36 13 14 58 45 56 56 39 39 36 16 60 14 53 53 58 53 53 53
page intestine: milk gut unu tjultji 53 intestines 1. ritjurru 46 2. tjultji 52 3. unu ritjurru 53 4. unutjultji 54 intoxicated, be 1. milthi uti-utianati 29 2. milthi wakini 29 ironwood [?] intapulumapuluma 15 it 1. lhii 24 2. paka pukai 39 3. pakayi 39 4. puka 42 5. pukai 42 itchy, to be kiapi 20 item of ceremonial dress puyumutji 45 j jovial piilkan jump tjurnpa just utja
41 52 55
k Kamilaroi Station Nyirranyu 38 kangaroo matjumpa 28 kangaroo-teeth ornament irrangkal 16 kangaroo: rat kangaroo tjikal 50 keep uthanthii 54 keep back! yaya 60 kick kikimpuni 20 kidney 1. mirungan 30 2. murungan 33
page kill 1. lhai 2. thumathumai kin: moiety names 1. Malyarra 2. Parrkatha 3. Utharru kin: section names 1. Kangilangu 2. Marrinangu 3. Pathingu 4.Thunpuyungu 5. Urnku kingfisher tjampu kinship groupings 1. yulpatha 2. kuningkala kiss akai kiss one another akati kite-hawk katjapi knee 1. ipurru 2. purru 3. purrupurru knees up, sitting with nhilthanha(nhilthanha) knife 1. wirrinta 2. kankari 3. nhaipu knife, stone 1. kalhikalhi 2. wiin 3. kampungu 4. punthin knitting needle lali knock over 1. kantha ithiti 2. nguyinti know [person, fact] ikanhi kookaburra tjalunkut kopi piakarra
24 48 25 40 54 17 27 40 49 54 50 60 22 12 12 20 16 44 44 37 58 18 37 17 58 17 43 24 18 37 15 50 41
page Kulatharra Kulatharra l lame 1. kanthaarnka 2. kuntungu 3. nhiltha 4. purrangka lancewood kialparri land [of plane] artii language yangaarlu laplap 1. munaru 2. tunka 3. watirli 4. wirraka 5. yamarra last night ilya wartangka last one [in a row] munthumanthu late wartangkawartangka later 1. marnkanha 2. ngainhingainhi later, later on warni laugh at itjamai laugh [of kookaburra] mpaampaati lay (an egg) artii leaf 1. kantjali 2. kungala 3. purlinti leafy purlintian leaking kilian lean [of meat] wirarrungkali learn parirrithati
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 73
21
18 23 37 44 20 14 59 31 52 58 58 59 15 32 57 27 34 57 16 30 14 18 22 44 44 21 58 40
page
page
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leash kanimantiitjit 17 leave 1. lhii 24 2. lhima 24 leave behind 1. lhuai 24 2. walpalai 56 leave: take leave of patja 40 left hand 1. kalurru 17 2. karlurru(ngu) 19 left over lhakia 24 Leichhardt River Tharrapatha 47 let go of walpalai 56 level with rangkut 45 lie down nuu 38 lie down: to be lying down nuntjaani 38 lie, tell a 1. ngurrkitthingumai 36 2. ngurrkit-ngukitthingumai 36 lift wantimai 57 light kurrarli 23 light a fire 1. anthaarti 12 2. anthathui 13 3. yantathui 59 light [in weight] marumaru 28 light [of rain] thapithapikurla 47 lightning 1. marapangka 26 2. rungka 46 3. yanpirri 59 lignum bush ritjawa 46 like 1. kia 20 2. wairra nuu 55 limb of tree
marlangaltjangaltja 27 listen inthanu 15 little 1. kartakurlu 19 2. katja 20 3. katjakurlu 20 4. thapikurla 47 5. thapithapikurla 47 little, a little 1. parlku 40 2. parlkumpirri 40 liver utunthu 55 lizard type 1. purntupurntu 44 2. walkaartu 56 lizard, blue-tongue 1. pangkarra 39 2. thumpararra 48 lizard, carney irliparri 16 lizard, frilled warrathanguyan 57 lizard, like a blue-tongue 1. mirlungarlana 29 2. wangkata 56 lizard, sleepy milumanu 29 locust thirrithirri 48 log thunpun 49 long urlkuurri 54 long ago tjayanha puthut 50 long [of time]; ulku 53 look after uthanthii 54 look at 1. nanyi 33 2. nanyilyanyi 33 look for 1. nganthamai 36 2. ngkumai 34 look! nanyiia 33 loose
1. parlathati 40 2. purlku 44 lose walpalai 56 lost, to become wamparlathati 56 loud 1. ngawa 35 2. ngawayan 35 louse 1. thuthu 49 2. ulhu 53 3. ulu 53 lump ngamun 34 lung murri 32 lying around [of bark, fallen leaves, etc] rantji 45
page 74 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
m mad 1. ngarningarni 35 2. parrawangku 40 mad, to become 1. ngarningarnithati 35 2. nguyurra-nguyurrathati 37 maggot 1. tjikutjiku 51 2. wantha 56 3. warnka 57 magpie 1. kulpurru 21 2. kurrartapu 23 3. kurritjitjin 23 Maithakurti [people and language] Maithakurti 25 make 1. kiakatii 20 2. puthurrapunii 44 3. watharranti 58 make a fire makatharti 25 make a man [by initiation] yurrupuni 61 make by whittling ntiai 38 male
page
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kurlayangu 23 man 1. itii 16 2. munthi 31 3. yurru 61 man of prowess piparni 42 man with subincised penis kaanthupiangu 17 man, white yanyi 59 man, young 1. kalpin 17 2. ngupurindji 36 3. yaparrirri 59 many maltha 25 many, make into malthapuni 25 many, to become malthathati 25 mark, to thuuthuu artii 49 markings thuuthuu 49 marry nganthamati 34 mash pilthipuni 41 master maatha 25 maybe lhamu 24 meat ati 14 meat, raw kumai 22 medicine mirrithin 29 melon irlpu 16 menstruating kurrurrumirra 23 message stick yunthuarti 60 middle 1. thiinta thiintangu 47 2. yathuthirri 60 middle of the day 1. pintjamaraman wanakathi 41
2. ulaarn 53 middle, to get in thiinati 47 might lhamu 24 milk gut unu tjultji 53 Milky Way waruwaru 58 mind uthanthii 54 mischievous makathi pintjarra 25 miss 1. nguntja 36 2. nguntjapunii 36 miss [one's mother, etc.] walpalai 56 missus mithithi 30 mist thirrathirra 48 mistake, by wamparlanha 56 mob 1. maltha 25 2. kitikiti 21 moiety names 1. utharru malyarra 54 2. parrkatha 40 moisture katja 20 mole 1. ngunyi 36 2. tharlu 47 money ntia 38 moon thunthal 49 moon, crescent thuntal putu 49 mopoke 1. mukarnka 30 2. yatingarra 60 more kurlukurlu 23 morning twilight mpampaintji pintjamu 30 morning, in the warathinha 57
page mosquito 1. mikaa 2. mikara moth kulyartapu mother martu mother's brother pupi mother's father 1. tjatji 2. tjatjitji mother's mother 1. muanngu 2. mutju 3. mutjutju mother's sister ngarntat mother-in-law waputhu mountain ntia mountain gum purtapurta mouse 1. pukutjut 2. tjirrima mouth antha move [intrans] muri move [trans] murimanti Mt Cuthbert Auka Muata Muata much maltha mucus in nose 1. mangu 2. ngunkut mud parta muddy partananguru mulga tree miawali multiply malthathati
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 75
28 28 22 28 43 50 50 30 33 33 35 57 38 44 43 51 12 32 32 14 30 25 26 36 40 40 28 25
page Munalkarra Munalkarra mungeroo 1. makurra 2. mangarru mussel, mussel shell 1. kutjurru 2. rakatju 3. wantarl 4. yarrkalaan muster, to 1. murtupuni 2. ngukupunii my ngatji n nail piku naked 1. mayarl 2. putjirri name ipal narrow 1. tjalka 2. tjalkani 3. tjalkili 4. tjunpun nasal mucus 1. mangu 2. ngunkut naughty makathi pintjarra navel 1. tjiku 2. unakarli 3. unarru 4. unukurru near pikaya neck 1. karlaa 2. karlarra neck, back of ngampu kantha(kantha) necklace mirtamiku needlebush 1. makat
31 25 26 24 45 56 60 32 36 35
41 28 44 16 49 49 50 52 26 36 25 51 53 53 53 41 19 19 34 30 25
page
page
2. thungkurru 48 nest ikat 15 net 1. mukuarri 30 2. wantu 57 net, emu yarlpi 59 net, fishing utjurla 55 new ilyangu 15 new born baby pirrki-pirrkiyan 42 new moon thunthal ilyangu 49 newspaper piipa 41 night, middle of thalthungarra 46 night: during the night wartangka 57 night: last night wartangka ilya 57 night: the other night warluangarrathi 57 no 1. kuna 22 2. kunaan 22 3. kunayan 22 4. kuntu 23 noise 1. ngawa 35 2. tjiingku 50 noise, make a 1. ngawapili 35 2. tjilarrinpa 51 3. wakampa 55 noisy, too noisy tjiingkuyan 50 nonsense nguntjanguntja 36 noon ulaarn 53 noose on stick for catching birds tjintarlurra 51 nose 1. itjintji 16 2. ngunyirri 36
nose, flat ngunyirri thala-thala 36 nose: turn one's nose up at, cock one's nose at itjintji na 16 nosebone pukutpukut 43 not kuntu 23 nothing, for ngurrku 36 now 1. laa 24 2. lamarra 24 3. marra 27 nuts, wild kutjarnparru 24
page 76 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
o ochre, red mila 28 offspring nhawut 37 often malthanha 25 old tjayangu 50 Old Hammerly Station Yamirliyamirli 59 old man 1. kupa 23 2. kupakupa 23 3. kupangurru 23 on the one hand.....on the other hand ayatnha.....ayatnha 15 once ayatnguyan 14 one 1. ayat 14 2. ayatnha 14 one country, to be all of ayattu muruu 14 one occasion, on ayatnguyan 14 oneself, by athangarra 14 one's own munthi 31 one's own, on
page yaarnkanha 58 one-eyed milthayat 29 onion, native 1. makurra 25 2. mangarru 26 only 1. ayatnha 14 2. utja 55 open country kukithirri 21 open one's eyes milthiputhurrati 29 open the mouth anthanta 13 opposite anthiangarra 13 orange, wild 1. inpikurtu 15 2. wartatji 57 order, an purru 44 ornament for head worn in corroboree 1. purtitju 44 2. purtutjut 44 other 1. ngarrpa 35 2. -ngarra 35 other side uthatngarra 54 other side, on the 1. parnaantun 40 2. parnampaya 40 3. parnaya 40 other [person or animal] ngarrpangarra 35 other ngarrpa 35 out in the bush walungkat 56 out of sight ngampupia 34 outside nhikaipia 37 over there pangithi 39 overflowing ngamitjurnpat 34 overripe
mpuu owl milthiaun own uthanthii own: on one's own athangarra
page
page
30
paw ngulthu 36 pay muntji 32 peaceful piilkan 41 pebble ntia 38 peel [intrans] thakalati 46 peewee 1. kurliitjitj 23 2. rangkurraan 45 pelican 1. thulkirriparri 48 2. walkirriparri 56 pen, pencil thuuthuuyangu 49 penis 1. kaanthu 17 2. kapua 19 penis, subincised yalat 59 perch thakurru 46 perch [fish] karrkuru 19 perhaps lhamu 24 person who is dead pintjil 42 phlegm tjampat 50 pick arnpa 14 pick fruit or berries ulthai 53 pick up wantimai 57 pick up in the mouth or beak anthamputi 13 piebald wamathithirraan 56 pigeon, types 1. ulukurru 53 2. rapatji 45 3. uringa 54 4. kurlamarri 23 pigeon, crested
29 54 14
p paddy melon 1. irlpu 16 2. pulurra 43 pain ngkiki 36 paint 1. kapurru 19 2. marrintja intjii 27 3. thurrngun 49 4. thuuthuu artii 49 paint oneself 1. intjiti 16 2. marrintja intjiti 27 painted decoration on body marantja 26 panikin pannikin 39 pant 1. tjurnpa wairra 52 2. wairra tjurnpa 55 paper 1. nhurrungu 38 2. piipa 41 parrot 1. mulpiyn 31 2. palpaatju 39 part munthungarra 32 part-Aborigine yalapala 58 past tjayanha 50 past: long past tjayanha puthut 50 pat akai 12 path 1. waru 58 2. warukara 58 pattern thuuthuu 49
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 77
page kulupatji 22 pigeon, flock 1. kurraku 23 2. kurrakuku 22 3. tjarruali 50 4. tjurruali 52 pigeon, plain kurlamarri 23 pigeon, plumed urrimpirtu 54 pigweed tharlu 47 pillow manthapa 26 pimple ngunyi 36 pipe used to decoy emus kurrumpu 23 pitchery pitjirri 42 place, to 1. aarl 12 2. makatharti 25 plant, 'tea bush' kurritjipalka 23 plant, types of 1. ingalyingkayangu 15 2. munthanyi 31 3. ngarntiku 35 4. pirrimpirri 42 5. tatunu 46 6. tjampultja 50 7. tjinpun 51 8. tjurrupun 52 plant: 'gooseberry' mintjarrungu 29 plant: split-eye ngulu 36 plant: wild tea leaf ngulthan 36 play wani 56 play corroboree waninti 56 plaything wanintitjit 56 pleased unuani 53 point watjin 58
page poison 1. kanga 2. kilya poisoned mpurnayan poisonous umparna poke tongue out at 1. marli munthunpanti 2. marlimputi 3. munthupanti policeman kanimaintjit poor fellow 1. thunga 2. thungaamparnu 3. thungarrapanu porcupine 1. tjurruyan 2. watjinaan possum 1. mirrampa 2. thakamunthu 3. utuman post for emu net puyulu potato, native kankui pouch putu pouch [of marsupial] yara pour anthangkai pour rain pirliarti pox katjarra pregnant putuyan prentie 1. manpuruparri 2. rangirraan pretending, to be maiti prevent munthu ntati previously tjayanha prick
page 78 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
17 21 30 53 27 27 32 17 48 48 48 52 58 29 46 55 45 18 45 59 13 42 20 45 26 45 25 32 50
page ngkaarli 35 prickle tjurru 52 watjin 58 prickly bush makat 25 pronoun, intensive lhuu 25 properly puthurra 44 prune tree tjingkamu 51 pub, public house paplikaatu 39 pubic hair 1. purrarl 44 2. tjiti 51 puggaree 1. mirrimirri 29 2. pulyurrka 43 puggaree, red karruali 19 pull ntulti 38 pull out ntui 38 pulp pilthipuni 41 pup 1. kutjukutju 24 2. warlumaan 57 3. warluman 57 purpose, for no particular ngurrku 36 push 1. angkai 12 2. munthupukaarnti 32 put aarl 12 put down 1. aarl 12 2. arta 14 3. artii 14 4. kanthapunii 18 5. makatharti 25 put in arranti 14 python anthakurlayangu 12 python, black-headed
page mapamatjin
q quarrion 1. puringa 2. purringa 3. uringa queen bee martu quick puurnaan quickly 1. marlampirra 2. puurntu quiet 1. mia 2. puarri 3. wakanit 4. nhukut quiet, be wakanirrati quieten anthathumai
26
44 44 54 28 45 27 45 28 42 55 37 55 13
r rain kuu 24 rainbow yaruwala 60 raindrop milthi 29 rasp nharra 37 rat, native karlu 19 raw meat kumai 22 ready parlanha 40 receptacle for blood upit 54 red kurrikurri 23 red ochre 1. milthi 29 2. yapala 59 reeds used in net making tjimpala 51 relinquish
page lhuai remain ini remaining lhakia reprimand 1. nhilthangkai 2. nyilthangkai resin from whitewood kunantjat restrain 1. ngulutmai 2. uthirra 3. uthirramai return munthu iti rib 1. thalpu 2. pipali 3. pipalpipal rib bone yampi ride [horse] yuunti rifle makini right (way) puthurra right hand thurtukunangu right hand, on the unarutngu ripples thuuthuu rise [of river] anthayuu rise [of sun] ntuuwatharra river goanna mararri river gum 1. pirnpirri 2. tjurta(?) river gum flower ukarra road rutu rock ledge palangu rock, flat
24 15 24 37 38 22 36 54 54 31 46 42 42 59 61 25 44 49 53 49 13 38 27 42 52 53 46 39
page thumpunngu roly-poly ngumpurlu root thurrithurri rope 1. rupu 2. thurrithurri 3. wanika rotten [of wood] thukarrpayan rough textured pirrki-pirrkiyan round uritjirri rouse watharranti rouse on nthii row, cause a tjitjimai rub karri rub seeds tjarti rub smooth marumarupuni rub with paint, fat, etc. 1. mai 2. mairlrun 1. thuna 2. thuni3. thunuma run out urti rustle [of leaves] urnpa s saddle ithapi utantiitjit saliva tjampat salt milyuka saltbush alampa salty kalia
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 79
48 36 49 46 49 56 48 42 54 58 38 51 19 50 28 25 25 48 48 49 54 54
16 50 29 12 17
page same kiangu sand 1. kikawarra 2. kua sated maanti savage arrkunaan saw 1. nanga 2. ninga say goodbye to patja scales of fish pirrki-pirrkiyan scar 1. ngarlirri 2. waparu scold 1. nthii 2. parta scorpion 1. karntat 2. puyumpuyumpu scratch pintji scratch oneself pintjiti scrubby tjurrutayata search tjinti section names 1. kangilangu 2. marrinangu 3. pamparri 4. pathingu 5. thunpuyungu 6. urnku see 1. naa 2. nanyi see! nuwa seed milthi self munthi self: in one's own
20 20 21 25 14 33 38 40 42 35 57 38 40 19 45 41 42 52 51 17 27 39 40 49 54 33 33 38 29 31
page munthiwatha send ngkai sew ngkaarli shade warlua shadow warlua shag karlakarla shake marlaantjanti shake hands 1. makati ngulutmati 2. ngulutmati shallow [of water] munkun shameless 1. kulpurruiti 2. kulpurriti sharp matjarrka sharp stone pultjini sharp, to become matjarrkathati sharpen 1. matjarrkapuni 2. ntiai 3. ntiarli sharpen! 1. ntiila 2. ntiirla she 1. alha 2. lhii 3. paka pukai 4. pakayi 5. puka 6. pukai sheep 1. mangkimangki 2. purtapurta shell ornament kulinyirri shell pubic covering puntjini shell used in sorcery tjikilirri
page 80 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
31 35 35 57 57 19 27 25 36 31 21 21 28 43 28 28 38 38 38 38 12 24 39 39 42 42 26 44 21 43 51
page shell, white tjikarra sheoak thikinthikin shield 1. kunparra 2. mithat 3. yampurru shin wangka shine mintja shining [of moon] kurrarliyan shirt 1. tjaara 2. tjuarri shiver marlaantjanti short murangkula short grass munku shoulder 1. ngarni 2. warrku shoulderblade wartu shoulder, put on ngarnimai shout tharrkanta show milthipati shut in 1. anthakati 2. anthakamai shy mutuna shy, to be wakunti sibling, younger 1. wangi 2. ungkurlu sick 1. yalatji 2. yalaurra sick, get yalaurrathati side
50 47 22 30 59 56 29 23 49 51 27 32 31 35 57 57 35 47 29 12 12 33 55 56 53 59 59 59
1. uthat 2. nhiantha side of head wamilha side, on the yaangi side, to the yaanginha silly ngarningarni similar to kia sing apii single ayatnha sister, older puwa sister-in-law [?] ngalhingulthu sit ngartathati sitting cross-legged nhilthanha skin 1. patinti 2. waku skin name kupuru skirt munaru sky manamana sleep wamila slippery thaputjurruut slow 1. marnu 2. rantju slow down [a car] parlkupuni small 1. kartakurlu 2. katja 3. katjakurlu 4. thapikurla 5. thapithapikurla small, to cut up thapikurlapunii
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54 37
smell, to [intrans] mputi 30 smoke 1. purlu 44 2. yungarrka 60 smoke spiral game pirritjurrungu 42 smooth 1. maruru 28 2. tjurruttjurrut 52 snake 1. kuntarra 22 2. thuat 48 snake, types 1. mangarn 25 2. parriparri 40 3. thakuyan 46 4. tjurlka 52 5. milkirra 28 6. yurtut 61 7. ngurlu-ngurlu 36 8. yapurntitji 59 snappy gum uti 55 sneak along, sneak up on 1. anthaurunha 13 2. wakathani 55 sneak up on rapamayi 45 sneeze 1. intji lhai 16 2. tjingkut lhai 51 3. tjingkut 51 soak ipuran 16 soap thupu 49 soft 1. maruru 28 2. pilthi 41 soft [of speech, singing] pilthimarli 41 soft, to become pilthithati 41 soften pilthipuni 41 some of munthungarra 32 son-in-law [?] ngalhingulthu 34
song warrma 57 song for deceased person yurturru 61 song for getting woman 1. ilakirri 15 2. kurrimpi 23 song, type of 1. kulpala 21 2. lhamanyarri 24 soon ilyangunha 15 sore 1. kaki 17 2. pirripirri 42 sour 1. kulpurru 21 2. kulpurruyan 22 south karruali 19 Southern Cross 1. kanamarralakia 17 2. kurlangkurlayangu 23 spawn of frogs uraura 54 speak 1. mpaa 30 2. punpati 43 spear 1. ngaama 33 2. ngaarli 33 3. ngama 33 4. ngkai 35 5. ngkama 36 6. ngkami 36 7. yuku 60 spear! ngairla 34 spear, head of thampirra 46 spear, hook itjarta 16 spear, shaft of nhirrimu 37 spear, small tjilka 51 spider kupu 23 spider, redback 1. mintji kurri-kurri 29
56 58 58 35 20 13 14 45 34 35 37 40 55 23 31 25 56 47 27 45 40 19 20 20 47 47 47
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 81
2. thunpulthu kurri-kurri spike tjurru spin ball putjuputju spine 1. tjurru 2. watjin spinifex watjin spit 1. tjampat 2. tjampat ithiti 3. uraura spit, on tjampat intjii split [a log] kanthapitjarra intjii spoil thungumpirripuni spoonbill pilhi-pilhi spouse 1. makurtu 2. marrkurtu spring [of water] karlaa squatting pintjanhapintjanha squeeze ngultjakamai squeeze! almia stab 1. ngaarli 2. ngkaarli 3. ngkai 4. ngkama 5. ngkami Stanbroke Station 1. puthurru 2. wantaarlpi stand 1. naa 2. nanarnpi 3. narnpinarnpi stand something up mithangkaya stand! naya
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49
star 1. purturungu 44 2. tjirrka 51 star: Morning or Evening 1. marapurtangkali 27 2. marrapurtangkali 27 star: Seven Sisters marrkangurru 28 stare milamputhati 28 stay ini 15 steal 1. maranhitha 26 2. nhitha 37 steep 1. parntu 40 2. tjuku 52 steep hillside mitjalharru 30 step on 1. ntatii 38 2. ntatintii 38 step [cut in tree] matjal 28 stew putu 45 stick 1. kuthaparra 23 2. thulat 48 3. wapu 57 stick for digging 1. kulangarra 21 2. warrawarra 57 stick used to make fire 1. thurrku 49 2. yarntatja 60 stick: walking stick tjanpara 50 still 1. kurlukurlu 23 2. marnkanha 27 3. mpuungu 30 stirrup mirtanmirtan yuuntitjit 30 stomach putu 45 stone ntia 38 stone for grinding
52 45 52 58 58 50 50 54 50 18 48 41 25 28 19 41 36 12 33 35 35 36 36 44 56 33 33 33 30 33
page 82 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
page 1. kuirla 2. pila stone knife pultjini stone, white kampungu stop ini stop doing something anthathama stop or prevent munthu ntati storm yurlanyirri storm bearing yanpirriyan straight 1. thurtuku 2. unarruut straight, to become thurtuthati straighten 1. puurntiimanti 2. tjultjai stranger 1. mawat 2. rangkin strangle mirriwakimai karlara stretch, to [intrans] 1. kuia 2. tjultjantitjamai string wanika string bag ingki-ingki string for binding hair pirtapirta string for death bone ukut stroke [an animal's fur] marukarri strong 1. ngawa 2. ngawayan 3. thail stubble munku stuck puurnti
21 41 43 17 15 13 32 60 59 49 53 49 45 52 28 45 30 21 52 56 15 42 53 28 35 35 46 31 45
page stupid parrawangku 40 suck 1. pirrimpi 42 2. pupirti 43 3. puputi 44 sugarbag thakamita 46 sugarbag, sugarbag bee ikan 15 sulky 1. arrkunaan 14 2. ntuupirra 38 3. puarri 42 sultry kurrpirri 23 sun 1. pintjamu 41 2. wanhaka 56 swag walthutwalthut 56 swallow rukupi 46 swamp thanpathanpa 47 swap anyiti 13 swarm kitikiti 21 swarm, be in a murtuthati 32 swear matjini thuma 28 sweat 1. altjit 12 2. wiltha 58 sweet 1. ngurruyan 36 2. riilku 45 swell 1. pultjuthati 43 2. pultju-pultjuthati 43 swell, to make pupulhai 44 swim 1. kaantha 17 2. mangkarri 26 t Tabletop [near Cloncurry]
page Lhanthiwakal tadpole unurtutu tail 1. kaanthu 2. kapua 3. kuntji 4. yararri take 1. manii 2. mita 3. munma 4. ulti take away, take from mumai take hunting kapaninti take out 1. ntimi 2. tjiai 3. tjialmi 4. tjiila take with one 1. thunti 2. urnpii talk about oneself tjinthitjamati talk about somebody tjinthi talk loudly tharrkanta talk to oneself 1. punpati 2. punpunpati tall urlkuurri tame mia tangled up thumati tea 1. thii 2. yuthutu tea tree, tea tree bark nhurrungu teach 1. ngunangunaanya 2. parirripuni tear kili
24 54 17 19 22 59 26 30 31 53 31 19 38 50 50 50 49 54 51 51 47 43 43 54 28 48 47 61 38 36 40 21
page teatree type mirantji tell 1. pantii 2. pati 3. patuma temple wamilha tendon 1. tharrkatharrka 2. wanika territory muu testicles 1. marlingurtu 2. ngurtu that mob paamiyakaya that, because of kianguthungu that: like that kia that: of that one pau that way kialakia then 1. lamarra 2. marra there 1. paa 2. pangithi these 1. tjipamiakaya 2. nhaamiakaya 3. tjaamiakaya these two 1. nhaawatikaya 2. tjaawatikaya 3. tjipatikaya they thina they two puyu thick [bush, forest] tjurrutayarta thigh 1. ngulthiia 2. ngulthu thin
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 83
29 39 40 40 56 47 56 33 27 36 39 20 20 40 20 24 27 39 39 51 37 49 37 49 51 47 45 52 36 36
page mani thirsty mani this 1. nhaa 2. tjaa 3. tjipa those paamiyakaya those two 1. paatikaya 2. paawatikaya thread thiriiti three 1. kurrpai 2. kurrpari throat [external] thakat parntu-parntu throw ithiti throw down kantha ithiti throw! thikiita thunder rungula tickle kilyakilyama tie up, tie together kanimai tip upside down nhiinkai tired 1. marnu 2. matjurri tired, getting 1. wararruyanati 2. marnuthati tobacco 1. thumpaka 2. thumpaki today ilya toe: big toe piku martu(anngu) together 1. murtu 2. watinha together, to be
26 26 37 49 51 39 39 39 48 23 23 46 16 18 47 46 21 17 37 27 28 57 27 48 48 15 41 32 58
page ayatpia together, to gather murtupuni together, to put ayatpia punii tomahawk 1. marria 2. muanu 3. warramparta tomato, bush muluku tomorrow wartanganha tongue marli tongue hanging out marli kantjali tooth artintha top mirri top of hill kanthamarntu torch kurrarli torn kilian totem thaamu tough 1. thail 2. wirarru town thaun toy wanintitjit toy, type of pumpu track 1. waru 2. warukara trap tjilulirra trap for fish pinthapurru tread on 1. ntatii 2. ntatintii tree nganthi
page 84 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
15 32 15 27 30 57 31 57 27 27 14 29 18 23 21 46 46 58 47 56 43 58 58 51 41 38 38 34
page tree types 1. kanthathaku 2. kunguta 3. thungkurru 4. tjikarlaan 5. tjimpal 6. tjingkamu 7. tjurta 8. tjurtu 9. ukarntatjayingu 10. uti tributary [of a river] yunthu trip over 1. munthithit 2. munthu ithiti trot [horse] tjurrkathuna trot, to make [horse] tjurrkathunti trousers tharraathit tucker maa turkey, plains 1. parrkamu 2. tjalalu turkey, scrub 1. ngalawal 2. ngapa turn around wakini turpentine bush marntuyungu twin kulawatharra twist wakini two lyuati u unaware ngunkangu understand 1. munthungkupaya 2. yakapi unhealthy yalaurra unmarried
18 22 48 50 51 51 52 52 53 55 60 31 31 52 52 47 25 40 49 34 35 55 27 21 55 25
36 32 58 59
page mantawitha until marnkanha untruthful, be maiti up 1. pirrinha 2. yuma up, go yuu upend nhiinkai upstream manthiyanha urinate kurrkai Urupu Urupu use up Urtimai v vagina 1. irrila 2. karapulu 3. kinthi 4. kirrapu 5. kutjirra 6. panti 7. thinti vein pirnmayn very 1. miat 2. pantjai vomit 1. ngarrkumai 2. ulmu w wad for chewing 1. kuka 2. muta wag tail [of dog] urrma Wagabungga Wakapungka waistband 1. yunturru
26 27 25 42 60 61 37 26 23 54 54
16 19 21 21 24 39 47 42 28 39 35 53
21 33 54 55 60
page 2. yurrurtu wait for uthati wait! 1. uthat 2. uthata walking stick tjanpara wall parikirri wallaby: rock wallaby ngarlingarli wallaroo ngarrkun wane marnuthati want wairra nuu Wanyi Wanyi ward off [a blow] nhanti warm yumu warm up something yumupuni warm, to become yumuthati wash karri wash, to [intransitive] tjarra wash, to [transitive] tjarralmai wasp wanyimartu watch out tjitamati watch out for martinanyi watch, clock 1. pintjamuuya tjaa nanyintitjit 2. pintjamuyangu water kuu waterbag ngilpa waterhen kitjitjipapa waterlily
61 54 54 54 50 40 35 35 27 55 57 37 60 60 60 19 50 50 57 51 28 41 41 24 35 21
page muntjit water snake 1. ngurlu-ngurlu 2. yurtut wax umu waxbill 1. tjikurru 2. tjitj waxed umuyan way: that way kialakia we 1. ngata 2. unut we two 1. alhi 2. ngalhi weak 1. marnu 2. marumaru weak, to grow marnuthati wear [clothes] nhanti well 1. ipuran 2. laa 3. lamarra 4. marra 5. puthurra 6. yapatjarra well, to get yapatjarrathati well, to make yapatjarrapuni west 1. pintjamaramanti 2. rungkarri wet 1. kuuyan 2. thanku 3. thankuthanku 4. thilngi wet from rain or dew thinyuthati wet, to get untha what are [you] doing?
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 85
32 36 61 53 51 i51 53 20 35 54 12 34 27 28 27 37 16 24 24 27 44 59 59 59 41 46 24 47 47 47 48 53
page 1. nhakayanati 2. nhakayanpuni what for? 1. nhakakuwa 2. nhakaya kuwa what kind of? arraka kiangu what? nhaka whatever 1. kali 2. kalingungkanha whatsit minhangarra whatsit, be minhangarrathati whatsit, do minhangarramai wheel kurtakurtali wheel [a wheelbarrow] munthupukaarnti when? nhiangu where? arraka where from? arrakangu where to? arrakanhi where [at]? arrakathi whet karri which? nhakalhi whip snake tjurlka whirlywind marrkamarrka whistle to a dog upimpa whistlecock yalat whistler duck 1. kipulyu 2. tjipulyu white 1. purlapurla 2. purluwarra
37 37 37 37 14 37 17 17 29 29 29 23 32 37 14 14 14 14 19 37 52 27 54 59 21 51 44 44
page white ant ira 16 white fellow walpala 56 white paint pirrakarra 42 white woman mithithi 30 whitewood resin kunantjat 22 whittle ntiai 38 whittle, make by whittling ntiarli 38 who? nhani 37 why? 1. nhakakuwa 37 2. nhakaya kuwa 37 wide pirnta 42 widen pirntathati 42 widow 1. karrayau 19 2. kulumunthu 22 3. mintharra 29 widower kurrumunthu 23 wife kungi 22 wild arrkunaan 14 wild honey ikan 15 wild looking nyirri-nyirri 38 wild, to get arrkunaanati 14 willie wagtail 1. tjintipit 51 2. tjintit-tjintit 51 willy-willy waripirian 57 win anthai 12 wind unungkati 54 windbreak 1. unkuritju 53
page 86 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
page 2. warluwawarluwa 3. yarntu winding kurtikurti winding [of track] kurritjakurritja wing yunthu wink 1. milthimuri 2. milthinhamilthimuti wipe 1. karlii 2. karri without moving muriti woman walumarra woman [Aboriginal] marapai woman, old 1. munthamuntha 2. mutjumutju 3. muyutju woman, unmarried 1. yurriti 2. yurruiti woman, white 1. warrmarri 2. watjikani woman, young 1. irairatji 2. iratji wood adder parntaparnta wood duck thurrpuparri wood, type used for fire making thintji woomera 1. wamirra 2. yulman work wakathati worm thalu wound 1. kaki 2. kakianpuni
57 60 23 23 60 29 29 19 19 32 56 26 31 33 33 61 61 57 58 16 16 40 49
48 56 60 55 46 17 17
page wounded kakian wrist muru wristband malyurri write thuuthuu artii writing thuuthuu Wunumara Unumara y Yalarnnga Yalarnnga yam 1. mula 2. ngkaa 3. ngkaraa yam, type of kantu yamstick kulangarra yellow, yellow ochre parru yes ngaa yesterday ngainhi Yintjilantji Intjilantji you 1. nyini 2. kutu 3. nhutu you two 1. kuyu 2. mpaya young man uparrintji younger sibling 1. wangi 2. ungkurlu your, for you nyunku z zebra finch tjikurru
17 33 25 49 49 53
59 31 35 36 18 21 40 33 34 16 38 24 38 24 30 54 56 53 38
51 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary page 87
REFERENCES ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ ................................................................................ page 88 Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary
culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life l a n d c u l t u r e t r a d i t i o n community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture
tradition
land
culture
tradition
culture
tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life l a n d
culture
t r a d i t i o n community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land
culture
tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land
culture
tradition l a n d c u l t u r e t r a d i t i o n culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life l a n d c u l t u r e t r a d i t i o n community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture
tradition
land
culture
tradition
culture
tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life l a n d
culture
t r a d i t i o n community kalkadoon language tribe life land culture tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land
culture
tradition community kalkadoon language tribe life land
culture
tradition l a n d c u l t u r e t r a d i t i o n
Australian Government Department of Communications IT & Arts Australian Government Indigenous Coordination Centre Mount Isa North Western Qld Cultural Heritage & Community Council Aboriginal Corporation
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary This dictionary consists of illustrations accompanied by a Kalkadoon word, and a few short sentences which demonstrate how the word is used. You will discover grammar notes, a pronunciation guide and English to Kalkadoon word list that will make easier for reading. These lists also provide helpful instructions and an educational resource for the Kalkadoon people, school programs and other learners. However, the most important concept for this dictionary is preservation of the Kalkadoon language for Indigenous people with the main focus being the Kalkadoon people in the North Western Queensland region.
A special thanks to
North Western Queensland Cultural Heritage & Community Council Aboriginal Corporation
Kalkadoon Language Pictorial Dictionary