Kontruksi dan Kekuatan Kapal

OCIZNXCW XJIK@N@MD IJNCZXCK AZVZWCK XJIKDI UJVICUCNCK

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FCF D UJKHCBZNZCK ZLZL

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3+6+ 3+6+

UJKT UJKTJF JFCV CVCK CK LJLC LJLCKA KACK CKM M MCT MCTC C XJI XJICK CK IJ IJCX CXCW CW++

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∏ H wn

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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"6+3$































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x Mclfcr 6+7 1

hx N Dktjmrcn fjfck fjfck sjpckackm icpcn icpcn

N

∩

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5

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x x

∩ 5

L " x $ < S " x $ hx <

∩ ∩ 5 o " x$ hx hx

++++++++++ ++++ "6+8$

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y& " x$ < ∖

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++++++++++ "6+:$

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3 y" x$ < ∖ J + A ⊝

x x

∩ ∩ L " x$+ν " x$+hx+hx ) Ϛ + x 5

++++++++++"6+?$

55

hdsdkd i`kstcktrc dktjrmrcsd Ϛ5 chcncb k`n adic hdclfdn y"5$ < 5 hck y"N$ < 5 Ϛ 5

<

3

N R

3

+ N JA ⊝

∩ ∩ L " x$++

ν " x $ + hx + hx

5 5

hcrd bcsdn hdctcs hjkmck ljkmmcktd bcrmc Ϛ5 hcrd pjrsclcck "6+:$ hck pjrsclcck "6+?$ hdhcpct pjrsclcck suhut njktur hck pjrsclcck njkturck chcncb sjfcmcd fjrdiut 1

Ujrsclcck Wuhut Njktur 1 N R 3 3 3 y- " x$ < ∖ L " x$+ν " x $hx ) + ∩ ∩ L " x$+ν " x$ hx+hx ………+ "6+=$ J + A ⊝ N JA ⊝ 5 5 + R

0

Ujrsclcck Njkturck 1 N R 3 R R 3 x y " x $ < ∖ L " x x$+ν" x x$+hx+hx ) x$+ν" x x$+hx+hx ………++"6+2$ ∩ L " x N JA ` ∩ ` JA ⊝ ∩` ∩ ` ⊝

fjktui njkmiukm hdcmrcl bcsdn bcsdn dktjrmrcsd hcpct hdndbct pchc mclfcr 6+? + Wf+ y"x$ Wf+ y—"x$































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ν"x$ < 3

N/6

N/6 Mclfcr 6+= 1 Hdcmrcl 3 / ν"x$

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I@VJ I@ VJIW IWDD L@LJ L@LJK K ZKXZ ZKXZI I ICUC ICUCN N HD CDV CDV XJ XJKC KCKM KM++

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∏3SV































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∏ 6S" x$ <

∩ ∏f" x$

+++++++++++++++++"6+4$ +

hx

`

Ujrufcbck dkd cick ljkyjfcfick pjrufcbck sjfjscr 1 x x

∏ L " x$

<

∩∩ ∏f" x$

hx hx +

` `

Wjtjncb pjkmmjsjrck mcyc tjick ijctcs. lcic l`ljk sdsc ∏LV pchc x < N bcrus sclc hjkmck k`n+ ∏ f"x$ j"x$ f"x$ sjtjncb hdmjsjr

f"x$ f"x$

x Mclfcr 6+4 1 I`rjisd k`k ndkjcr uktui icpcn hd

cdr tjkckm+

N x

Lcic 1

∩∩ ∏f" x$ hx hx

< ∖ ∏ L V

+

` 0

Zktui Zktui j"x$ j"x$ > N/7 N/755 pjkyjn pjkyjnjsc jscdck dck pjrsclcck pjrsclcck hdctcs hdctcs guiup guiup tjndtd cpcfdnc cpcfdnc hdpjrm hdpjrmukc ukcick ick pjkhjictck fjrdiut 1 ∏ f" x $

j" x$

≂ hf hx

sjnckautkyc fdnc hdpjrbctdick fcbwc j"x$ hcpct hdmcktdick `njb bcrmc j rctc,rctc yckm i`kstck. lcic pjkmdktjmrcsdck pjrsclcck hdctcs hcpct hdnciuick sjfcmcd tjrndbct pchc pjrsclcck "6+35$ fjrdiut dkd 1

































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UJVB UJVBDX DXZK ZKMC MCK K MCTC MCTC NDKX NDKXCK CKM M HCK HCK L@L L@LJK JK NJ NJKM KMIZ IZKM KM WJGCVC KZLJVDI+

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o"x$

x x5

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hck sjtjruskyc

Xcfjn 6+3f 1

Ujrufcbck mcyc tjick ijctcs ljkachd fjktui tckmmc

K`+ Wtctd`k

f"x$

CU

f5

f"x$rctc,rctc

f5,3 < 3/6 "f5 ) f3$ 3

f3 f3,6 < 3/6 "f3 ) f6$

6

f6 f6,7 < 3/6 "f6 ) f7$

8

f8

hck sjtjruskyc

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S6 <

n +o 5,3 5,3 ) n +o 3,6 3,6

S7 <

n +o 5,3 5,3 ) n +o 3,6 3,6 ) n +o 6,7 6,7

S8 <

n +o 5,3 5,3 ) n +o 3,6 3,6 ) n +o 6,7 6,7 ) n +o 7,8 7,8

hck sjtjruskyc cick hdpjr`njb 1 S"x$ < n + o"x$ Ujrbdtukmck pjkyjfcrck l`ljk njkmiukm L"x$ 1

S"x$

CU

3

6

Mclfcr 6+36 1 x

L" x $

S" x $hx 5

L3 < 3/6+ ℗ +S3 < 3/6+ ℗ +" +" ℗ +o 5,3 5,3$

7

8

:

Mrcodi mcyc ndktckm S"x$































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Wtctd`k

f"x$

w"x$

o"x$

3

6

7

8

5,3

f5,3

w5,3

o 5,3 5,3 < f5,3 , w5,3

3,6

f3,6

w3,6

o"x$ :

o 5,3 5,3

6,7

7,8

74,OU

f7,8

w6,7

w7,8

?

o 5,3 5,3

o 3,6 3,6 < f3,6 , w3,6 o 5,3 5,3) o 3,6 3,6

f6,7

o"x$

7o 5,3 5,3) o 3,6 3,6

o 6,7 6,7 < f6,7 , w6,7 o 7,8 7,8 < f7,8 ‗ w7,8

o 5,3 5,3) o 3,6 3,6 )o 6,7 6,7

:o 5,3 5,3)7o 3,6 3,6 )o 6,7 6,7































hjkmck i`n`l 2. tjtcpd adic bcrmc o 74,OU 74,OU ≥ 5 . i`n`l 4 hdpjrmukcick uktui i`rjisd o"x$ hck i`n`l 35 hdpjrmukcick uktui bcsdn l`ljk sjtjncb i`rjisd + Xcfjn 6+7 1 I`rjisd ndkdjr K`

Wtctd`k 3

5,3 3,6 6,7 7,8

Χo"x$

∏Χo"x$< , x/N+ Χo 74,OU 74,OU

=<:)?

ΧΧo"x$

:

?

=

2

































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Xcfjn 6+8 1 I`rjisd k`k ndkdjr uktui icpcn hd cdr cdr tjkckm+ K`

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5,3

3,6

6,7

Χo"x$

f"x$

∏Χo"x$< , j/℗+?

Χo"x$

ΧΧo"x$

:

?

=

2

4































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idtc rufcb hcncl fjktui tcfuncsd kuljrdi+ 6+:+3

Ujrbdtukm Ujrbdtukmck ck suiu pjrt pjrtclc clc pjkyjfcr pjkyjfcrck ck suhut suhut njktur njktur 1

L"x$/JD"x$

CU

3

6

7

8

:































Mclfcr 6+38 1

Mr codi codi Dktjmrcn L"x$/JD"x$

x

Dkt hy

< ∩ hy " x $ hx 5

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S"x$ OCIZNXCW XJIK@N@MD IJNCZXCK AZVZWCK XJIKDI UJVICUCNCK


OU

L"x$/JD"x$OU

Gctctck 1

y—"x$ < , ℗+ y "x$ < , ℗ 6 +

L"x$/JD"x$ ) {℗ {℗ 6 + hy OU}/N hy"x$ ) ℗ 6 + hy OU

hy OU































FCF DDD I@LFDKCWD _JVXDGCN HCK B@VDQ@KXCN FJKHDKM L@LJKX

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o"x$

y z

































Njkmiukm Njkmiukm B`rds`ktcn

Sy































z KC "uprdmbt$

y

y z

ς

KC "bjjnjh$































h χ h β

< ∖

L + sdk β + D KC

+ y

)

L + g`sβ + D GN

+ z < 5

sjbdkmmc 1 tck β <

z + D KC y + D GN

<

] KC ] GN

+ + + + + + + + "7+7$

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FCF D_ UZKXDVCK 8,3 UJKHCBZNZCK

Uchc Fcf dkd hdajncsick fcmdck struitur yckm ljkmcncld puktdrck sjidtcr sulfu n`km n`kmdt dtuh uhdk dkcn cn++ Wjfc Wjfcmd mdck ck hcrd hcrd fcf fcf dkd dkd hdds hddsdd hjkm hjkmck ck pjlf pjlfcb cbcs csck ck fcmd fcmdck ck stru struit itur ur yckm yckm fjrpjkclpckm ndkmicrck ctcu fjrfjktui tcfukm+ Hcncl prcitji. fcmdck,fcmdck struitur yckm ljkjrusick ljkjrusick l`ljk l`ljk puktdr puktdr "t`rquj$. "t`rquj$. sjpjrtd sjpjrtd p`r`s p`r`s l`t`r. l`t`r. tcfukm tcfukm l`ljk puktdr hck





































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































8+: 8+:

Ur`s Ur`sjh jhur ur pjr pjrsjtu sjtuau auck ck dkst dkstru rulj ljk k pjl pjluc uctc tck k

8+:+ 8+:+3 3

Zad Zad tdp tdpjj i`l i`lpu putj tjrr pjlu pjluct ctck ck

8+:+ 8+:+6 6

Wjrt Wjrtdo dodi dics csdd pr`m pr`mrc rcl l pjlu pjluct ctck ck

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8+:+6+3

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8+:+6+7 ∖

∖ ∖

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8+:+6+8

Ujrsjt Ujrsjtuau uauck ck cibdr cibdr dkstru dkstruljk ljk pjluct pjluctck ck cick cick hdfjrd hdfjrdick ick adic adic ciurcs ciurcsdd dkstru dkstruljk ljk pjluctck tjncb hdpjrdisc hck hdbchdrd Wurvjy`r sjtjncb pjlcsckmck hd icpcn hjkmck ljkmmukcick i`khdsd uad yckm hdsjtuaud+ 8+:+7

Adic ukaui ijrac dkstruljk pjluctck suhcb ljlucsick. Wurvjy`r cick ljlfufubick tckhc tckhc tckm tckmck ckky kycc hck hck tckm tckmmc mcnn pjlj pjljrd rdis iscck cck uktu uktuii pjrs pjrsjtu jtuau auck ck pchc pchc njlp njlpjk jkmm yckm yckm hdsjhdcick uktui tuauck dkd. yckm bcrus hdpcsckm pchc tutup dkstruljk pjluctck hd tjlpct yckm yckm luhcb luhcb tjrndbc tjrndbct+t+ Xckmmc Xckmmcnn pjrsjt pjrsjtuau uauck ck "funck "funck tcbuk$ tcbuk$ hck fckyci fckycikyc kyc sjrtdo sjrtdodic dictt





























Uchc Uchc tdcp Wurvjd Xcbukck hck Wurvjd Ujlfcbcruck Ijncs. bcrus hdpjrdisc fcbwc dko`rlcsd pjtukaui pjluctck yckm hdsjtuaud hdsjtuaud tjrsjhdc hd icpcn+ Dkstruljk pjluctck bcrus hdpjrdisc ijtjndtdckkyc sjgcrc fjricnc `njb kcib`hc hjkmck ljlcicd i`khdsd fjfck uad+ Uchc tdcp Wurvjd Ujlfcbcruck Ijncs. pjljrdiscck dkd bcrus hdnciuick hjkmck hdbchdrd `njb Wurvjy`r+ :+

Hjodkdsd

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℗s/65

. hcpct hdldktc pjrbdtukmck ibusus

:+7 :+7 Zktu Zktuii tjmc tjmckm kmck ck mcfuk mcfukmc mckk yckm yckm hddad hddadki kick ck ndbc ndbctt Fcf Fcf 35. 35. J+7+ J+7+yc yckm km ljkyc ljkyctc tcic ickk fcbwc uktui clfckm pcnic ljlckackm yckm ljkjrus. fjscrkyc tjmckmck mcfukmck cidfct l`ljk njkmiukm ljlckackm icpcn hck l`ljk njkmiukm nìcn tdhci f`njb ljnjfdbd bcrmc fjrdiut9

χN ) χ℗ ≨

65

i

YK/ll6\

tjmckmck cidfct l`ljk njkmiukm nìcn. tjmckmck cidfct l`ljk njkmiukm ljlckackm icpcn+

χ℗ χN

< <

?+

Ijiuctck mjsjr

Xjmckmck mjsjr hcncl struitur ljlckackm cidfct mcyc ndktckm vjrtdgcn hck J+7+ tdhci f`njb ljnjfdbd 335 iK/ll 6

SX

ljkurut J+6+































2+6 2+6

L`lj L`ljk k njk njkmi miuk ukm m vjr vjrtdg tdgcn cn untdl untdlct ctjj "hd "hd hcjr hcjrcb cb pncs pncstd tds$ s$ L ]_

+ LW]

Lp℗.y

gs

η gs LpO.y

< < <

ndbct 2+3 ocit`r tjmckmck sjsucd hjkmck 3+3 l`ljk njkmiukm njkmiukm vjrtdgcn vjrtdgcn yckm yckm hcpct hcpct hdpdkhcbi hdpdkhcbick ck YiKl\ YiKl\ hd sjidtcr sjidtcr sulfu sulfu b`rdz`ktcn hcrd pjkclpckm icpcn "hd hcjrcb pncstds$+ Zktui pjrbdtukmck LpO.y. pchc pjkclpckm ljndktckm hd fcwcb tjmckmck tjick. fcmdck yckm jojitdo bcrus sjsucd hjkmck Fcf 7. O+"ljkmjkcd pjlfuitdck ijtcbckck fugindkm$+

2+7 2+7

Mcyc Mcyc ndkt ndktck ckm m vjrt vjrtdg dgcn cn untd untdlc lctj tj "hd "hd hcj hcjrc rcb b pncs pncstd tds$ s$ S]_

+ SW]

η gs

S pO.z

< ndbct 2+3 < ndbct 2+6 < mcyc mjsjr vjrtdgcn yckm hcpct hdpdkhcbick YiK\ 3 3555+ 7

d ij k fd td V jBd jBd α ψdψd

Sp℗.z

gs

k

+

d

+ f d + t d + V jBd

d 3

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< 5.2 uktui pjkjktuck uiurck fcmdck i`kstruisd ljlckackm hcncl Fcf 7 hck ? sclpcd 36 5.=:

x N

+ 3

x

uktui pjrbdtukmck ijiuctck octdm sjsucd Fcf 65+

N

o S

< ocit`r ocit`r pjnuckm uckm sjsuc sjsucdd hjkmc hjkmckk Fcf Fcf 8. Xcfjn Xcfjn 8+6 8+6

o Sldk Sldk

< 5.=:

S < 35 ?

uktui

,

Gctctck 1

o S chcncb chcncb oukmsd oukmsd hcrd rjkgc rjkgckc kc lcsc lcsc pcicd pcicd "ndoj "ndoj tdlj$+ tdlj$+ Zktui Zktui k;65 k;65 tcbuk. tcbuk. o S hcpct hdtjk hdtjktui tuick ck hjkmc hjkmckk rulus rulus fjrdi fjrdiut ut uktui uktui spjitr spjitrul ul nurus nurus hcrd hcrd rckmj rckmj tjmckm tjmckmck ck cidfct cidfct mjn`lfckm hd ncut ncut 1 o S

5 .36: + n`m

6 +35

:

k

Zktui l`ljk njkmiukm mjn`lfckm vjrtdgcn tjrfjscr 1 χ—]_ < " 5.87 ) G $ + χ]_b`m ψ—]_ < " 5.87 ) G $ + ψ]_b`m

Zktui l`ljk njkmiukm mjn`lfckm vjrtdgcn tjrijgdn 1 χ—]_ < Y 5.87 ) G +"5.: , G$\ + χ]vb`m ) G +"5.87 ) G$ + χ]_scm ψ—]_ < Y 5.87 ) G +"5.: , G$\ + ψ]_b`m ) G +"5.87 ) G$ + ψ]vscm G

<

x

6

5. :































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L ]_scm + jz

826:

64 + k + D y

K / ll

6

L]_b`m . L]vscm K

< l`lj l`ljkk njkm njkmiu iukm km mjn` mjn`lf lfck ckmm vjrt vjrtdg dgcn cn uktu uktuii i`kh i`khds dsdd b`mm b`mmdk dkmm hck hck scmmdkm sjsucd hjkmck F+7+3 < lcsc lcsc `pjrcs `pjrcsd`k d`kcn cn "ndojtdl "ndojtdlj$ j$ Y ≪ 65 tcbuk\ tcbuk\++

6+

Xjm Xj mckm ckmck k`r k`rlcn lcn hcnc hcncl l crcb crcb ljlc ljlcka kack ckm m icp icpcn cn

6+3 6+3

Xjmc Xj mckm kmck ck k`rl k`rlcn cn cidf cidfct ct l`lj l`ljk k njkm njkmiu iukm km vjrt vjrtdg dgcn cn

6+3+3

LW] stctds 1 L W] + j z W]

D y + 35

7

Y K / ll 6 \

LW] <

l`ljk njkmiukm njkmiukm cdr tjkckm sjsucd hjkmck C+:+ pchc p`sdsd p`sdsd x/ N

6+3+6

L]_ hdkclds 9 L ]_ + j z ]_

6+6 6+6

D y + 35

7

YK / ll 6 \

Xjmckm Xjmc kmck ck k`rl k`rlcn cn cidf cidfct ct l`lj l`ljk k njkm njkmiu iukm km ljkh ljkhct ctcr cr L]B hdkclds 1

































ψN3f < ψW] ) ψWX ) o S+ψ]_ χN6c < χW] ) χWX ) o S+"5.?+χ]_ ) χ]B$ N6c

ψN6c < 5.=+ψW] ) ψWX ) 5.=+o S+"5.?+ψ]_ ) ψ]B$ χN6f < 5.=+χW] ) χWX ) 5.=+o S+"5.?+χ]_ ) χ]B$

N6f

N7c N7f

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Xjmckmck hdkclds cidfct L]Xlcx

6+7+6

GX`r + L ]X lcx + ]X

7

+ D +35

L]Xlcx

6 j

6

6

3

N + F 6 + GF + g 5 + g N + 5.33 +

8 + GF

<

5.3 +

GF

5.3

GF

5.3

5.7:

Dτ

+ 3

YK / ll \

< sjsu sjsucd cd hjkm jkmck F+7+ +7+:

L ]Xlcx GX`r

d

x

uktui 5

N

x

x N

uktui 5.?:

5.536

YiKl\

5.6:

N

uktui 5.6: + 3

c6

x N x N

5.?: 3.5

l`ljk dkjrsdc sjit`rdcn Yl ?\ hcrd pjkclpckm ljndktckm icpcn pchc p`sdsd x/N i``rhdkct sjit`rdcn Yl6\ hcrd i`kstruisd yckm hdclctd+































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Xjmc Xj mckm kmck ck mjsj mjsjrr cid cidfc fctt mcy mcyc c mjs mjsjr jr vjrt vjrtdg dgcn cn

Zktui icpcn tckpc sjict ljlckackm ctcu hjkmck huc sjict ljlckackm. pjkyjfcrck mcyc mjsjr pchc iundt hck pchc sjict ljlckackm hcpct hdbdtukm hjkmck rulus fjrdiut 1 tjmckmck stctds cidfct SW]1 S W] + W y " z $ W]

Dy +t

" 5 .:

Y K / ll 6 \

$

tjmckmck hdkclds cidfct S]_1 S ]_ + W y " z $ ]_

Wy"z$

t

Dy +t

" 5 .:

$

Y K / ll 6 \

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8+

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GF

5.3

GF

5.3

5.7: LWXlcx

5.3 +

x

x

uktui 5

N

uktui 5.6: + 3

x N

65+F+ GG

5.6:

N

uktui 5.?:

x N x N

5.?: 3

YiKl\

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GG <

L ]Xlcx

Dτ Wτd

N+F 6 +G F +g 5 +g N + 5.533

c6

5.536

YiKl \

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3.5 "pchc ululkyc$ < sjsucd sjsucd hjkm hjkmck ck O+6+ O+6+ uktu uktuii icpcn icpcn hjkmc hjkmckk fuicck fuicck njfc njfcr+ r+ Uchc hcjrcb x/N < 5.7 sclpcd x/ N < 5.= l`ljk njkmiukm icpcn hd cdr tjkckm yckm hddadkick sjgcrc ulul ackmck ljnjfdbd kdncd yckm hdhcpctick uktui x/ N < 5.: o r

6+

<

Mcyc mjsjr vjrtdgcn

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< <

SX ‗ S]_ SX ‗ 5.2 + S]_

N

YiK\ YiK\

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SX < ψ <
































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YiK / t \ YiK / l \

F 6 .7 " F

℗ f b

$

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℗

<

6+

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L

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L`hunus pjkclpckm ljndktckm icpcn bcrus hdtjktuick sjsucd hjkmck G+3+ hck G+6+ Fjscr ocit`r o r r chcncb1 o

N3































c

< acrci pjkjmcr Yl\

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t































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hO fhx

<

q f

ycdtu sbjcr on`w hdfcmd njfcr ctcu tjfcn. tjtcpd aumc ψ <<

hL S hx Df

<

_S Df

Vulus hd ctcs hdturukick uktui suctu pjkclpckm pjacn+

Ujkclpckm tjrfuic fjrhdkhdkm tdpds Zktui pjkjrcpck pchc suctu pjkclpckm tjrfuic fjrhdkhdkm tdpds. l`ljk stctds S uktui





































































































































































































































































































































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