Lab Maq 1 Banco de Trafos

Banco de Transformadores ransformadore s

LABORATORIO LABORATORIO DE MAQUINAS ELECTRICAS 1 TRANSFORMADORES MONOFASICOS MONOFASICOS EN CONEXIÓN TRIFASICA TRIFASICA 1.-OBJETIVO Familiarizars !"# $a#!"s %ri&'si!"s ( %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s) (%rmi#a!i*# +,rim#%al (l !ir!i%" i/al#% (l $a#!" %ri&'si!" ( %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s 0 !"m,r"$a!i*# ( ss ,ar'm%r"s #"mi#als 0 !ara!%rs%i!as ( ",ra!i*#. 2. FUNDAMENTO TEORICO Si s 3a "(" "(" 3a$lar 3a$lar ( $a#!"s $a#!"s ( ( %ra#s&"rma("rs %ra#s&"rma("rs s"# s"# sim,lm#% l"s $a#!"s  !"#sis%# # %rs %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s !"#!%a("s #%r ll"s ,ara simlar # %ra#s&"rma("r %ri&'si!". 4ara s% %i," ( %ra#s&"rma("rs %#(rm"s similars !ara!%rs%i!as  # %ra#s&"rma("r m"#"&'si!" ,"r %ra%ars ( la !"#s%r!!i*# !"#s%r!!i*# a a ,ar%ir ( 5 ( ll"s6 ,r" a !"#%i#a!i*# s (%allara as,!%"s  ($# sr %"ma("s # !#%a ,"r sr !ara!%rs%i!as ,ri#!i,als # la !"#s%r!!i*# (l %ra#s&"rma("r %ri&'si!". E# # sis%ma sis%ma %ri&'si!" %ri&'si!" s ,( ralizar la %ra#s&"rma!i*# ( %#si"#s m(ia#% # $a#!" $a#!" ( ( %ra#s&"rma("rs " m(ia#% # %ra#s&"rma("r %ri&'si!". L"s %ra#s&"rma("rs %ri&'si!"s s"# %iliza("s ,ara l smi#is%r" " l %ra#s,"r% ( %ra#s,"r% ( #r7a a 7ra#(s (is%a#!ias ( sis%mas sis%mas ( ( ,"%#!ias l8!%ri!as. L"  #"rmalm#% !"#"!m"s !"m" la (is%ri$!i*# (is%ri$!i*# l8!%ri!a6 l8!%ri!a6 ,r" a 7ra#(s (is%a#!ias. U# sis%ma %ri&'si!" s ,( %ra#s&"rmar %ra #s&"rmar m,la#(" 5 %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s. L"s !ir!i%"s !ir!i%"s ma7#8%i!"s ma7#8%i!"s s"# !"m,l%am#% i#(,#(i#%s6 si#  s ,r"(z!a ra!!i*# " i#%r&r#!ia al7#a #%r l"s 9:"s rs,!%i/"s. O%ra ,"si$ili(a( s la ( %ilizar # s"l" %ra#s&"rma("r %ri&'si!" !"m,s%" ( # ;#i!" #;!l" ma7#8%i!" # l  s 3a# (is,s%" %rs !"lm#as s"$r las  si%;a# l"s arr"llami#%"s ,rimari" 0 s!#(ari" ( !a(a #a ( las &ass6 !"#s%i%0#(" s%" # %ra#s&"rma("r %ri&'si!".


Grupos de conexión

Ta$la Ta$la ( !"#+i"#s ,"si$ls # # %ra#s&"rma("r %ri&'si!". CONDICIONES NECESARIAS IDEALES 4ARA LA CONEXIÓN DE TRANSFORMADORES EN 4ARALEL 4ARALELO. O. La r7la !l'si!a i(al ,ara l ,arall" ( %ra#s&"rma("rs6 s la ( !m,lir !"# l"s si7i#%s risi%"s< 1.- I7al !a,a!i(a( =!"# #&riami#%" " si# #&riami#%"> ( (/a#a("s. 2.- I7al im,(a#!ia =r&ri(a a la misma $as ( /"l%a: 0 !a,a!i(a(>. 5.- I7als /"l%a:s la(" alim#%a!i*# alim#%a!i*# 0 0 la(" !ar7a. ?.- I7al rla!i*# ( %ra#s&"rma!i*# # /a!". @.- I7al %i," ( #&riami#%". .- Dis" Dis" ,ara ,ara i7al al%ra ( ",ra!i*# ", ra!i*# s"$r l #i/l (l mar. 4'7i#a 1


.- Q sa# ( la misma mar!a .- I7al l"% ( &a$ri!a!i*#. .- I7al %i," ( aislami#%" =i7al %m,ra%ra %m,ra%ra ( ( ",ra!i*#>. 1.- Similar %im," %im," ( ( s" =si s"# sa("s>. 11.- I7als #i/ls ( im,ls" =NBI>. 12.- I7al &r!#!ia. 15.- I7al r"%a!i*# ( &ass. 1?.- I7al ,"lari(a(. [email protected] I7al (s,lazami#%" a#7lar. 1.- Similar /al"r /al"r ( ( M7a-"3m ( ss aislami#%"s. 1.- Similar &a!%"r ( ,"%#!ia ,"%#!ia ( ( ss aislami#%"s. 1.- Similar ,r",i(a( ,r",i(a( Fsi!" Fsi!"-Qmi!a Qmi!a ( ( a!i%s. 1.- Similar /al"r ( Gi-4"% G i-4"% ( ss aislami#%"s. 2.- Similar !"rri#% ( +!i%a!i*#. 21.- Similar rsis%#!ia rsis%#!ia ( ( #;!l" a%rriza(". 22.- Similar !"rri#% ( +!i%a!i*#. 4ara %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s6 s*l" s %"mar'# las  !"rrs,"#(a# a sis%mas m"#"&'si!"s. E# la ,r'!%i!a6 !"m" s sa$6 #" s %"ma# # !#%a %"(as las !ara!%rs%i!as m#!i"#a(as a#%ri"rm#%6 ,r" s las m's si7#iH!a%i/as. Ds,lazami#%" a#7lar. a#7lar. Ca,a!i(a(  im,(a#!ia. Conexión Delta

4'7i#a 2


Es%a !"#+i*# %am$i8# s (#"mi#a %ria#7l" - %ria#7l"6 ("#( la rla!i*# ( /"l%a:s #%r ,rimari" 0 s!#(ari" /i# (a(a ,"r<

C"#+i*# Dl%a - Dl%a =El (/a#a(" ( la izir(a s l ,rimari" 0 l (/a#a(" ( la (r!3a s l s!#(ari">

Conexión Delta

Tam$i8# Tam$i8# (#"mi#a(" 7r," 7r," ( ( !"#+i*# %ria#7l" - s%rlla.

4'7i#a 5


Es%a !"#+i*# s %iliza #"rmalm#% ,ara l/ar l /"l%a: a # /al"r al%". ?

C"#+i*# Dl%a - K. =El (/a#a(" ( la izir(a s l ,rimari" 0 l (/a#a(" ( la (r!3a s l s!#(ari"> Conexión Ye

La !"#+i*# s%rlla - (l%a " s%rlla - %ria#7l"6 s sa 7#ralm#% ,ara $a:ar ( # /"l%a: al%" a #" m(i" " $a:". U#a raz*# ( ll" s  s %i#

4'7i#a ?


# #%r" ,ara a%rrizar l la(" ( al%" /"l%a: l" !al s !"#/#i#% 0 %i# 7ra#(s /#%a:as. ?

C"#+i*# K - Dl%a. =El (/a#a(" ( la izir(a s l ,rimari" 0 l (/a#a(" ( la (r!3a s l s!#(ari"> La rla!i*# ( %#si"#s #%r ,rimari" 0 s!#(ari" /i# (a(a ,"r<

Es%a !"#+i*# #" ,rs#%a ,r"$lmas ,r"$lmas !"# !"# l"s !"m,"##%s # ss /"l%a:s ( %r!r"s arm*#i!"s6 ,s%"  s !"#sm #a !"rri#% !ir!la#% # l la(" ( la (l%a =%ria#7l">. Es%a !"#+i*# s s%a$l !"# rs,!%" a !ar7as (sili$ra(as6 ($i(" a  la (l%a r(is%ri$0 !alir (sili$ri"  s ,rs#%. ? Es%a !"#+i*# %i# !"m" (s/#%a:a  l /"l%a: s!#(ari" s (s,laza # r%ras" 5 !"# rs,!%" al /"l%a: ,rimari" (l %ra#s&"rma("r6 l" !al "!asi"#a ,r"$lmas # l"s s!#(ari"s si s (sa !"#!%ar # ,arall" !"# 4'7i#a @


"%r" %ra#s&"rma("r6 si#(" #" ( l"s risi%"s ,ara !"#!%ar # ,arall"6  l"s '#7l"s ( &as ( l"s s!#(ari"s (l %ra#s&"rma("r ($# sr i7als. ? Conexión Ye Ye (Y - Y).

La !"#+i*# 0 - 0 " s%rlla - s%rlla al i7al  la %ria#7l" - %ria#7l" l /"l%a: ( l#a s!#(ari" s i7al al /"l%a: ( l#a ,rimari" ml%i,li!a(" ,"r l i#/rs" ( la rla!i*# ( %ra#s&"rma!i*#.

C"#+i*# K - K. =El (/a#a(" ( la izir(a s l ,rimari" 0 l (/a#a(" ( la (r!3a s l s!#(ari"> La rla!i*# ,rimari" a s!#(ari" /i# (a(a ,"r<

Es%a !"#+i*# s ,"!" sa(a ($i(" a las (iH!l%a(s  ,rs#%a< 1. Si las !ar7as # l !ir!i%" !ir!i%" (l %ra#s&"rma("r #" s%'# ili$ra(as =s l"  !"m;#m#% "!rr>6 #%"#!s l"s /"l%a:s # las &ass (l %ra#s&"rma("r ,(# ll7ar a (sili$rars s/ram#%.

4'7i#a 


2.

L"s /"l%a:s ( %r!r"s arm*#i!"s s"# 7ra#(s.

Es%"s ,r"$lmas s"# rsl%"s %iliza#(" s%as ("s %8!#i!as %8!#i!as.. 1. C"#!%a#(" s*li(am#% a %irra %irra l"s l"s #%r"s ( l"s %ra#s&"rma("rs6 # s,!ial l #%r" (l (/a#a(" ,rimari"6 s%a !"#+i*# ,rmi%  l"s !"m,"##%s a(i%i/"s ( l"s %r!r"s arm*#i!"s !as# # 9:" ( !"rri#% # l #%r" # l7ar ( a!mlar 7ra#(s /"l%a:s6 l #%r" %am$i8# smi#is%ra # !ami#" ( r7rs" ,ara !alir (sili$ri" ( !"rri#% # la !ar7a. ? 2. Aa(ir # %r!r (/a#a(" !"#!%a(" # (l%a al $a#!" ( %ra#s&"rma("rs. C"# s%" las !"m,"##%s ( /"l%a: ( la %r!ra arm*#i!a # (l%a s smar'# 0 !asar'# # 9:" ( !"rri#% !ir!la#% (#%r" (l (/a#a(". Es%" s,rim l"s !"m,"##%s ( /"l%a: ( la %r!ra arm*#i!a ( la misma ma#ra  l 3a!r %irra !"# l"s #%r"s ( l"s %ra#s&"rma("rs. ? Lr m's< 3%%,<.m"#"7raHas.!"m%ra$a:"ss"$r-%ra#s&"rma("rs%ri&asi!"ss"$r-%ra#s&"rma("rs-%ri&asi!"s.s3%mli+zz5Iz,?@r? 5. ELEMENTOS A UTILIPAR Trs Trs %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s 2211 V ( @ VA VA D"s /"l%m%r"s ( -5 V 0 -1@ V 1 am,rm%r" ( @ A 1 ,i#za am,rim%ri!a 1 ,#% 3as%"# ?. ACTIVIDADES a> C"l"!ar l"s %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s # ,arall"6 # l la(" ,rimari" s "$%#(r'# #%"#!s  #%ra(as6 0 # l la(" s!#(ari"  sali(as. C"#!%ar s%as sali(as s7;# l !ir!i%" si7i#%. R7is%rar las %#si"#s ( li#a 0 ( &as ( l"s la("s A.T. 0 B.T.

4'7i#a 


$> M(i!i*# ( las rsis%#!ias !"# l 4#% ( 3as%"#6 m(ir las rsis%#!ias *3mi!as ( l"s (/a#a("s ( AT 0 BT R1(Ω) R2(Ω)

T1

T2

T3

1.12 .@

1.2 .@2

1. .@?

!> Ralizar la C"#+i*# Dl%a Es%rlla 0 r7is%rar las %#si"#s ( #%ra(a 0 sali(a (l $a#!" %ri&'si!"< %#si"#s ( &as 0 %#si"#s ( li#a # la #%ra(a 0 las %#si"#s ( li#a 0 ( &as # la sali(a - T#si"#s VAB(V) 222

VBC(V)

VAC(V)

Van(V)

Vbn(V)

Vcn(V)

Vab(V)

Vbc(V)

Vca(V)

222

222

111.

11.@

112.1

1

1@

1

- C"rri#%s Ia(A) 0.!"

Ib(A)

Ic(A)

.@5

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4'7i#a 


(> I#s%alar # Am,rim%r" # l s!#(ari" s !#(ari" (l $a#!" ( %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s 0 r7is%rar las !"rri#%s # s%a(" /a!i" (l s!#(ari". Las !"rri#%s s"# !r" ,"r  #" 3a0 !ar7a # la sali(a. @. CUESTIONARIO @.1. Di$:ar las !"#+i"#s ( l"s $a#!"s arma("s

@.2. Di$:ar l (ia7rama &as"rial (l $a#!" ( %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s #sa0a(". I#(i!ar l 7r," ( !"#+i*# (l $a#!".

4'7i#a 


@.5. I#(i las /#%a:as 0 (s/#%a:as ( l"s $a#!"s m"#"&'si!"s # !"#+i*# %ri&'si!a rs,!%" a l"s %ra#s&"rma("rs %ri&'si!"s. 4"r raz"#s !"#*mi!as6 l"s %ra#s&"rma("rs %ri&'si!"s s (isa# ,ara %#r ss  ($a#(a"s # # #;!l" ma7#8%i!" !"m;#6 s%" %i# ss /#%a:as 0 s a,li!a$l %a#%" # ,#ias 0 m(ia#as ,"%#!ias6 ,r" ,ara 7ra#(s ,"%#!ias s a,li!a $a#!"s ( %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s  s #sam$la# # !"#+i*# %ri&'si!a6 0a  3a0 !as"s #  s #!si%a %ra#s,"r%ar " ll/ar # %ra&" ( 7ra# ,"%#!ia a al7#a !#%ral " s$s%a!i*# # z"#as m0 s!a$r"sas " ( al%i%(6 ,"r l"  ll/ar # 7ra# %ra&" ( ,"%#!ia %ri&'si!a sra m0 (i&!il ,"r l ,s" l !i(a("  rir6 ,"r l"  s ,rHr ll/ar # %rs ,ar%s %rs %ra&"s m"#"&'si!"s 0 0a #sam$larl"s # la !#%ral " la s$s%a!i*#  s rira. Si# m$ar7" ,"(m"s a!larar  l"s %ra#s&"rma("rs %ri&'si!"s sl# !"s%ar m#"s 0 "!,ar m#"s s,a!i" asi !"m" la !"#+i*# ( #a s"la #i(a(6 m's # ss (s/#%a:as ,"(m"s a#"%ar s ma0"r ,s" asi !"m" # ma0"r !"s%" ( r,ara!i*# 0 ma#%#imi#%"  l $a#!" ( %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s. @.?. Q "!rr "!rr !a#(" la s!#!ia ( &as (l sis%ma  alim#%a l $a#!" %ri&'si!" !am$ia E+,li Ca#(" la s!#!ia ( &ass !am$ia ,"r :m,l" ( ABC a CBA 6 #" "!rrir' m's  # ," r"r(#ami#%" ( l"s &as"rs ( %#si*# 0 !"rri#% %a#%" ,ara la #%ra(a !"m" ,ara la sali(a6 s ($i(" al !am$i" ( &ass ( #%ra(a6 7#rara  l"s (ia7ramas &as"rials !am$i# ( ,"si!i*# ,"r asi (!irl" 0 s%" !"#ll/ara a # !am$i" ( l"s &am"s"s #(i!s 3"rari"s  H:a# l %i," 0 l A#7l" ( la !"#+i*# 6 s%" &!%i/am#% !am$ia 0 3ar' /ariar l"s /al"rs /al"rs #"mi#als ( #s%r"s #s%r"s rsl%a("s # la sali(a 0a  !"m" 3m"s ,"(i(" "$sr/ar # #s%r"s rsl%a("s #" %"(as las %#si"#s ( &as 0 li#a (l s!#(ari" s"# i7als6 ,"r l"  l Va# 0a #" %#(r' l mism" /al"r6 %"(" sim,lm#% ,"r s r"r(#ami#%" # las %#si"#s ( li#a  alim#%a a lim#%a l !ir!i%". @.@. E+,li ,"r +is% #a !"rri#% # l la(" s!#(ari" (l $a#!" #sam$la(" si l $a#!" s%' # /a!i". 4"(ram"s (!ir6 !"m" 0a /im"s a#%ri"rm#% # l  l la$"ra%"ri"6  al !"#!%ar ( s%a ma#ra l"s %ra#s&"rma("rs #sam$l'#("l"s #" !"# l "%r"6 al i#%r"(!ir %#si*#6 7#ram"s #a !"rri#% !ir!la%"ria %a#%" # al la(" ,rimari" !"m" # l la(" s!#(ari"6 s%a !"rri#% !ir!la%"ria s 4'7i#a 1


7#ra ( ma#ra !asi siml%'#a !a#(" alim#%am"s l !ir!i%" 0 s ($i(a a m!3" &#*m#"s !"m" l !i!l" ( 3is%8rsis6 las !"rri#%s ,arasi%as ( F"!al% 0 "%r"s &#*m#"s  7#ra# !a(as ( %#si*#6 0 ,"r #( ,#ias !"rri#%s  9!%;a# # l !ir!i%" 0  m(im"s # l s!#(ari" ( #s%r" $a#!" ( %ra#s&"rma("rs. . OBSERVACIONES K CONCLUSIONES S "$sr/* ,"s (s$ala#!s # la m(i!i*# ( l"s ,ar'm%r"s ( %#si*# 0 !"rri#%6 s%" s ($i(" ( $i(" a  #" +is%# ("s %ra#s&"rma("rs +a!%am#% i(8#%i!"s 0 sim,r %i## (i&r#!ias + m#imas  sa#6 s ,"r s%a raz*#  las %#si"#s 0 !"rri#%s %i## !ir%"s (s$ala#!s. S %/"  3a!r #/am#% l"s #sa0"s ( ,r$a ,ara la ,"lariza!i*# !"# !a(a #" ( l"s %ra&"s 0a  #" s%a$a i#(i!a(" # l"s mism"s " !"#&#(a 0a  s%a$a# ,i#%a("s !"# ,#%"s ,"r /ari"s la("s 0 #" s sa$a 8 ,#%" ra l ral.

A#%s ( la !"#+i*# s im,"r%a#% ,"larizar l %ra#s&"rma("r 0a  #a ,"lariza!i*# rr*#a !"#ll/a #a (i&r#!ia # !a#%" a l"s &s"rs ( %#si*# 0 !"rri#% 0 s%" ,"(ra ll7ar a sr la !asa ( # a!!i(#%. A,r#(im"s a !"#!%ar %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s # m"(" $a#!" %ri&'si!" asi !"m" a,r#(im"s a !am$iar l %i," ( !"#+i*# s7;# s #"s sa rri(". L"s $a#!"s ( %ra#s&"rma("rs m"#"&'si!"s #"s s"# m's ;%ils mi#%ras ma0"r 0 m's 7ra#( sa la ,"%#!ia #  s s%8 %ra$a:a#(" 0a  rir# m#"s !"s%" 0 ris7" ( %rasla(" asi !"m" m#"r !"s%" ( ma#%#imi#%" 0 r,ara!i*#6 a !"m,ara!i*# ( l"s %ra&"s %ri&'si!"s. El '#7l" 3"rari" s m0 /aria(" i#!lsi/ # !a(a !"#+i*#6 0a  ,ara s% !as" ,"r :m,l" "$%/im"s #a !"#+i*# D0#11 !"#si(ra#(" la sali(a ( !"rri#% ,"r l"s ,#%"s (l s!#(ari"6 mas ,"(m"s m"(iH!ar s%" !am$ia#(" la sali(a ,"r l"s #" ,#%"s6 3!3"  #"s arr":ara a rr":ara !"m" rsl%a(" #a #/a !"#+i*# D0#@.

4'7i#a 11


Ca(a %i," ( !"#+i*# =0a sa (l%a-s%rlla ( l%a-s%rlla " s%rlla-(l%a6 (l%a-(l%a6 %!.> %i#s s ,r",*si%" 0 3a$ili(a( s,!iH!a (,#(i#(" ( l"s rrimi#%"s 0 !ir!#s%a#!ias. . BIBLIORAFIA 3%%,s<s.s!ri$(.!"m("!@125!"#+i"#s-%ri&asi!as 3%%,<.m"#"7raHas.!"m%ra$a:"s5!"#+i"#s-%ri&asi!as!"#+i"#s%ri&asi!as.s3%ml 3%%,<.$#as%aras.!"mma%rias(ia7rama-&as"rial-(l%a-0-s%rlla 3%%,<s.ii,(ia."r7iiC"#+iC5B5#s%rlla%riC5A1#7l"

4'7i#a 12

Lab Maq 1 Banco de Trafos

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