This is a labreport on chemical kinetics... From this labreport students of chemical engineering and chemistry students can get a huge advantage in working in their lab..Full description
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TOPIC EXPERIMENT : FLUID CHARACTERISTICS
OBJECTIVE : To determine density and specific gravity
Figure 1: Universal Hydrometer
APPARATUS :
Figure 2 : 2 of Hydrometer jars Figure 3 : 2 of Universal hydrometer
THEORY :
This experiment is about measurement of some important liquids property like Density and Specific Gravity.
Density is mass per unit volume. The unit of density is (kg/m3) and the formula is:
ρ = m
V
*where m = mass (kg) and V = volume (m3)
Fluid density is depends on the temperature and pressure. Density declined with the rise in temperature. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
The Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance; equivalently, it is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of a reference substance for the same given volume.
Specific gravity is density of liquid times the gravity acceleration divided by the density of water
times the gravity acceleration. No unit for specific gravity and the formula is:
Gs = ρ liquid (g)
ρ water (g)
*where g = 9.81 m/s2 and ρ water = 1000 kg/m3
PROCEDURES :
All the apparatus are placed on the table.
Then, the hydrometer jar is filled with the sufficient water. This is because to make the universal hydrometer float on it and the hydrometer is checked whether the scale marking is corresponding to depth of immersion reads 1.00.
Figure 4 and 5: The hydrometer jar is filled with water.
After that, another hydrometer jar is filled with enough sea water which is also to make the universal hydrometer to float on it.
Figure 6 and 7: The hydrometer jar is filled with sea water.
The observation is made from the scale readings from each liquids and noted.
Figure 8 : The scale reading is taken.
The scale readings that taken directly from the hydrometer is known as the specific gravity.
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