UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA
EXTRACCIÓN EXTR ACCIÓN SO SOXHLE XHLET T CÁTEDRA
: QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA
CATEDRÁTICO
: Ing. ABEL INGA DIAZ
ALUMNOS
:
CHAVEZ PAUCAR, José HUARANCCA MEZA, Y. S!n" RU##I RICAPA, G$s%& YACHACHIN MARCELO, '(s)&
SEMESTRE
:
FECHA
:
III
*+ -*/
HUANCAYO-PERÚ 2014
I.
O!ETIVOS
•
E0"(%( 1%$"% 2% !)3 !%2$n"% %& !é"o2o %0"(11$4n so05&%".
•
D%"%(!$n( %& 6)n1$on!$%n"o 1o((%1"o 2%& !é"o2o.
II.
MARCO TE"RICO
2.1 D#$%&'()&*+: L 2%s"$&1$4n %s & o7%(1$4n 2% s%7((, !%2$n"% 87o($91$4n : 1on2%ns1$4n %n &os 2$6%(%n"%s 1o!7on%n"%s &;<)$2os, s4&$2os 2$s)%&"os %n &;<)$2os o gs%s &$1)2os 2% )n !%91&, 7(o8%15n2o &os 2$6%(%n"%s 7)n"os 2% %=)&&$1$4n 2% 12 )n 2% &s s)s"n1$s : <)% %& 7)n"o 2% %=)&&$1$4n %s )n 7(o7$%22 $n"%ns$8 2% 12 s)s"n1$, %s 2%1$(, no 8(; %n 6)n1$4n 2% & !s o %& 8o&)!%n, )n<)% s; %n 6)n1$4n 2% & 7(%s$4n. -
Destilación fraccionada
L 2%s"$&1$4n 6(11$on2 2% &1o5o& %";&$1o %s )n 8($n"% 2% & 2%s"$&1$4n s$!7&% <)% s% %!7&% 7($n1$7&!%n"% 1)n2o %s n%1%s($o s%7(( &;<)$2os 1on 7)n"os 2% %=)&&$1$4n 1%(1nos. L 7($n1$7& 2$6%(%n1$ <)% "$%n% 1on & 2%s"$&1$4n s$!7&% %s %& )so 2% )n 1o&)!n 2% 6(11$on!$%n"o. >s" 7%(!$"% )n !:o( 1on"1"o %n"(% &os 87o(%s <)% s1$%n2%n, ?)n"o 1on %& &;<)$2o 1on2%ns2o <)% 2%s1$%n2%, 7o( & )"$&$91$4n 2% 2$6%(%n"%s @7&"os@. Es"o 61$&$" %& $n"%(1!=$o 2% 1&o( %n"(% &os 87o(%s <)% &o 1%2%n : &os &;<)$2os <)% &o (%1$=%n.
2.2 M,% # #/%())&*+ $/'#%: E& %0"(1"o( So05&%" o s$!7&%!%n"% So05&%" %n 5ono( s) $n8%n"o( (n9 8on So05&%" %s )n "$7o 2% !"%($& 2% 8$2($o )"$&$92o 7( & %0"(11$4n 2% 1o!7)%s"os, g%n%(&!%n"% 2% n")(&%9 &$7;2$1, 1on"%n$2os %n )n s4&$2o, "(8és 2% )n 2$so&8%n"% 6;n.
E& 1on2%ns2o( %s" 7(o8$s"o 2% )n 15<)%" 2% -- !! 2% &ong$")2, 1on %s7$gs 7( & %n"(2 : s&$2 2%& g) 2% %n6($!$%n"o. E& %0"(1"o( "$%n% )n 171$22, 5s" & 7("% s)7%($o( 2%& s$64n, 2% - !L %& 2$!%"(o $n"%($o( 2%& %0"(1"o( %s 2% *- !! : s) &ong$")2 2% F- !!. E& !"(9 %s 2% -- !L 2% 171$22 Es" 1on6o(!2o 7o( )n 1$&$n2(o 2% 8$2($o 8%("$1& 2% 7(o0$!2!%n"% )n 7$% 2% &"o : )n 7)&g2 : !%2$ 2% 2$!%"(o. L 1o&)!n %s" 2$8$2$2 %n )n 1!( s)7%($o( : o"( $n6%($o(. L s)7%($o( o 1!( 2% !)%s"( sos"$%n% )n s4&$2o o 7o&8o 2%& 1)& s% %0"(%(n 1o!7)%s"os. L 1!( 2% 2$so&8%n"%, %01"!%n"% =?o, 1on"$%n% )n (%s%(8 2% 2$so&8%n"% o(gn$1o, é"%( o &1o5o&. Dos ")=os 81;os, o =(9os, 1o((%n &o &(go )n &2o 2% & 1o&)!n 7( 1on%1"( &s 2os 1!(s. E& =(9o 2% 87o( 1o((% %n &;n% (%1" 2%s2% & 7("% s)7%($o( 2% & 1!( 2%& 2$so&8%n"% & 7("% s)7%($o( 2% & 1!( 2%& s4&$2o. E& o"(o =(9o, 7( %& (%"o(no 2% 2$so&8%n"%, 2%s1($=% 2os U so=(%7)%s"s, <)% &&%8n 2%s2% & 1!( 2% & !)%s"( %& 2$so&8%n"% 5s" & 1!( 2% 2$so&8%n"%. E& so05&%" 6)n1$on 1;1&$1!%n"%, 7( %0"(%( &s 1on1%n"(1$on%s n%1%s($s 2% &gn 2%"%(!$n2o 1o!7)%s"o. >s"% 6)n1$on 2% & s$g)$%n"% 6o(! C)n2o s% %87o(, %& 2$so&8%n"% s)=% 5s" %& (% 2on2% %s 1on2%ns2o <);, & 1%( : (%g(%s( & 1!( 2% 2$so&8%n"%, 8 s%7(n2o &os 1o!7)%s"os 5s" <)% s% &&%g )n 1on1%n"(1$4n 2%s%2. Es"o 7)%2% o1s$on( 7(o=&%!s 1on &g)nos 1o!7)%s"os, <)% 1on &os 1$1&os &&%8n & ()7")( 2%& =&4n, 1o!o &o %s %n & %0"(11$4n 2%& !=( . P("%s 2%& %<)$7o . =)9o g$"2o( g(n&&s o %s6%(s *. =&4n . =(9o 7( s1%nso 2%& 87o( /. 1(")15o 2% %0"(11$4n o 1(")15o So05&%" . !)%s"( (%s$2)o K. %n"(2 2%& s$64n . 2%s1(g 2%& s$64n
III. M(%#&('#$
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PARTE EPERIMENTAL
P)#&+%
A(!!os 1on 1)$22o %& %<)$7o 2% %0"(11$4n "& 1o!o s% !)%s"( %n & 6$g)( 2% & g);, 2%=%!os "%n%( 1)$22o 1)n2o !on"!os %s"% %<)$7o 2% "(=?o 7o(<)% "o2o %s 2% 8$2($o.
Un 8%9 (!2o %& %<)$7o (%"$(!os %& (%6($g%(n"% : %15!os %& &1o5o&, %s"% %s %& so&8%n"% <)% 8!os )s( <)% s% 2%7os$" %n %& =&4n 2% 6o(! 7&n %& 1)& 2%=% s%( -!L. D%s7)és 2%so?!os & !)3 : &o 1o&o1!os %n %& 77%& 6$&"(o %& 1)& &o 51%!os %n 6o(! 2% )n "!& 2%& "!3o 2%& 2%74s$"o 2%& %0"(1"o( so05&%".
En1%n2%!os & %s")6 : 1&%n"!os %& so&8%n"% 5s" <)% 1o!$%n1% %87o((s% : nos 2!os 1)%n" <)% &os 87o(%s 2%& so&8%n"% s% 1on2%nsn %n %& ")=o <)% %s" 1%(1 & (%6($g%(n"% %& 1)& 51% 7os$=&% & 1on2%ns1$4n 2%& &1o5o&, &s go"s 1on2%ns2s s% 8n 1)!)&n2o %n %& 2%74s$"o 2%& so05&%" 2on2% %s" & !)%s"(, %n %& 2%7os$"o s% 8 1)!)&n2o %& so&8%n"% 5s" )n 7)n"o 2%"%(!$n2o, %n %s% !o!%n"o s$6on% %& %0"(1"o( : "o2o %& so&8%n"% <)% 1on"$%n% & %s%n1$ 2% & !)%s"( 1% 2% n)%8o & =&4n : s% (%7$"% n)%8!%n"% %& 7(o1%2$!$%n"o, s% 2%=% 51%( s$6on%( !;n$!o 1o!o 1)"(o 8%1%s 7( <)% %& &1o5o& %0"($g & %s%n1$ 2% & !)3 : s1( %& 1%$"% 1o((%s7on2$%n"%. Un 8%9 "%(!$n2o %s"% 7(o1%so %& 1%$"% %0"(;2o &o %n8s!os.
IV.
RESULTADOS
•
S% %0"(?o %& 1%$"% %s%n1$& 2% !)3 !%2$n"% %0"(11$4n so05&%".
•
S% 2%"%(!$n4 %& 1o((%1"o 6)n1$on!$%n"o 2%& !é"o2o so05&%"
V.
CONCLUSIONES
•
S% &og(4 %0"(%( 1%$"% 2% !)3 !%2$n"% %s"% !é"o2o.
VI.
CUESTIONARIO
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E& 7)n"o 2% %=)&&$1$4n, 1on %s"o 2%"%(!$n <)% 1)n2o s% 1&$%n" s% %87o( & "o<)% : s% 7)%2 %0"(%( (7$2!%n"% %& 1%$"%. Pos%%( =? "o0$1$22, 7o(<)% 1)n2o s% 1&$%n" no 1on"!$n%. S%( 7o1o 8o&"$&, 7( <)% 1)n2o %s"% %07)%s"o & 1&o( no o1s$on% n2. No s%( 1o((os$8o n$ 1n1%(;g%no 7( no 6%1"( & s&)2 2%& 7%(son& <)% &o 8 )s(.
2. C+$5'%# '($ (8'&)()&+#$ #' ,% # #/%())&*+ $/'#% #+ '( 7%#+)&*+ # (%#&($ 8&($ ('&#+%(&($ )'(+%#$ #&)&+('#$ E& !é"o2o so05&%" o !é"o2o 2% 2%s"$&1$4n 6(11$on($, %s )n !é"o2o <)% 1)n2o s% 7&$1 7( %0"(%( &os 1%$"%s : s)s 2%!s 2%($82os %s 61$& 2% 51%(&o 7%(o "$%n% & 2%s8%n"? <)% s% 2%!o( !)15o 7o( %& 5%15o <)% "$%n% <)% s$6on%( 1o!o / 8%1%s 7( s) !%?o( (%n2$!$%n"o. No son !): =)%nos 7( &s $n2)s"($s 2%=$2o & 7o1 1n"$22 2% 1%$"% <)% s% &og( %0"(%(, 7%(o g(1$s %s"% !é"o2o s% 51% )n 1o((%1" %0"(11$4n 2% 1%$"%s %s%n1$&%s. En %& 1so 2% &$!%n"($s, 1o&o(n"%s : !%2$1$n&%s 2%7%n2% 7($n1$7&!%n"% 2% & 1o!7os$1$4n <);!$1 2% & !)%s"( <)% 8!os %0"(%(.
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•
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•
M(8$&& 2% &os n2%s, P(o!)%8% %& =)%n %s"2o 2% & 7$%&.
•
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•
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•
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•
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Los )sos !s 6(%1)%n"%s 2%& 1%$"% 2% & !)3 son •
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•
O%$: Es (%1o!%n2=&% 7( 6)!$g( 1on"( $ns%1"os !o&%s"os 1o!o 9n1)2os : !os1s.
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•
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VII.
ILIOGRAFÍA
5""7.$$7%2$,& %n1$1&o7%2$ &$=(%.5"! !é"o2o so05&%" 5""7.$$7%2$,& %n1$1&o7%2$ &$=(%.5"! !é"o2o so05&%" 5""7.$$7%2$,& %n1$1&o7%2$ &$=(%.5"! 2$so&8%n"%s M%n2o9 B. &=o("o($o, %2$1$4n *-*, U()g):, 2%s"$&1$4n 2% 1o!7)%s"os o(gn$1os, 7g. +
VIII.
ANEOS
Fig.1 Armando el equipo de extracción
Fig.2 Llenando alcohol
Fig. !rimer sinfoneo.