LABORATORIUM LABORATORIUM PILOT PILO T PLANT SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
MODUL
: Stirred Tank Tank Reactor (Perpindahan Panas Pada Tangki Tangki Berpengaduk
PEMBIMBING : Ir. Umar Khaam Ta#a! Ta#a! Pra($)m
: 0 O(&3"r 2015
Ta#a! Ta#a! La4&ra#
: 15 O(&3"r 2015
O!"h Kelopok
: II
Naa
: 1. A##$%a N&'$(a N)r$%ma
1*1+2+005
2. ,a"%ar$a R$- K$#a#($
1*1+2+00
Kelas
: *A T"#$ K$m$a Pr&)%$ B"r%$h
PRO!RAM STU"I "IPLOMA I# T$KNIK KIMIA
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG 2015
I%
Tu&uan Praktiku M"# M"#h$ h$() ()# # •
• •
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4a#a 4a#a%%
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(a# (a#$ $
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•
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U A
&"$%$"# "%"!)r)ha# 4"r4$#aha# 4a#a% !)a% 4"rm)aa# a# $!a!)$ 4a#a%.
P"r4$#aha# 4a#a% a!am (a#$ 3"r4"#a) 3"ra"( %a#a( 3"r3"a "#a# 4r&%"% 4"r4$#aha# a# 3$a%a a#a )m4a$. Ha! $#$ $%"3a3a# ar"#a 4r&%"% a# ("ra$ aa!ah 4r&%"% (a ("(a4 8unsteady state9. Ja$ &"$%$"# 4"r4$#aha# 4a#a% 8U9 ($a a4a( $)#aa# a!am 4"r%amaa# Fourier . U.A.F(. P"r%amaa# Fourier ha#a a4a( $)#aa# 3$!a (a#$ 3"r&4"ra%$ &#($#) 8 steady state9. P"r%amaa# a# har)% $)#aa# aa!ah 4"r%amaa# )#() (a#$ 3"ra"( 3"r4"#a) "#a# 4"ma#a% "#a# 4"ma#a% non-isothermal 8a$r9. 0 0( M;
= M; 0(
0( 0H
= G;( T1 − T2 ) = UA0(
= G;( T1 − T2 )
0H
.....................................................................................................1 L#
T1 − ( 1 T2
− (2
=
G; K 1 − 1 H M; K 2
............................................................................................2
K 1
="
rA
G;
.......................................................................................................................* Dar$ 4"r%amaa# 1 $(a a4a(a# hara 8!a) a!$r !)$a 4a#a%9 a# "m)$a# $%)3%($()%$a# " 4"r%amaa# 2 )#() m"#a4a(a# hara K 1 a# 4"r%amaa# * $(a a4a(a# hara U. U#() 4"rh$()#a# &"$%$"# $!m $#$# $(a m"m4"r)#aa# h)3)#a# %"3aa$ 3"r$)( : 1
h 1 D1 K
071+
L2 NJ * I = a I I G
D$ma#a : h
: K&"$%$"# $!m $#$# a!am
D$
: D$am"("r a!am (a#$
L
: D$am"("r 4"#a)
N
: P)(ara# 4"#a) 4"r )#$( ?a()
: $%&%$(a% ;a$ra#
: Density/"ra4a(a# ra(ara(a ;a$ra#
?
: $%&%$(a% 4"rm)aa#
K
: K&#)($'$(a% (h"rma!
'uku Fourier
H)3)#a# a%ar a# m"#)a%a$ a!$ra# a!&r m"!a!)$ &#)%$ $a!ah 3"r)4a "%"3a#$#a# a# aa a#(ara !a) a!$r a!&r m"!$#(a% 4"rm)aa# $%&("rma! a# ra$"# %)h) a# ("ra4a( 4aa 4"rm)aa# $(). H)3)#a# )m)m $#$ 3"r!a) 4aa %"($a4 !&a%$ $ a!am %)a() 3"#a7 4aa %"($a4 ?a() $%"3)( H))m Fourier a# $()!$% %"3aa$ :
= −. ∂T A ∂#
D$ma#a : A
: L)a% 4"rm)aa# $%&("rma!
#
: Jara7 $))r #&rma! 8("a !)r)%9 ("rhaa4 4"rm)aa# $()
: La) a!$r a!&r m"!$#(a%$ 4"rm)aa# $() 4aa arah #&rma! ("rhaa4 4"rm)aa#.
T
: S)h)
K
: K&#%(a#(a 4r&4&r%$&#a!$(a% 8("(a4a# "%"3a#$#a#9
Paa "aaa# steady, T ha#a m"r)4aa# )#%$ 4&%$%$ %"ma(ama(a7 a# !a) a!$ra# a!&r 4aa %"($a4 ($($ 4aa $#$# $() &#%(a#. S"h$#a 4"r%amaa##a a4a( $()!$% : A
= −.
0T 0#
Konduktiitas Teral
H))m Fourier m"#a(aa# 3ah?a ($a ("ra#()# 4aa ra$"# %)h) ("(a4$ ($a %"!a!) "m$$a# ha!#a ("rhaa4 %)h) $() %"#$r$. D$ !a$# 4$ha7 m"r)4aa# )#%$ %)h). a!a)4)# 3)a# )#%$ )a(. U#() a#a)a# a# ($a &#%(a#7 a4a( $a#a4 &#%(a#. T"(a4$ )#() a#a)a# %)h) a# !"3$h 3"%ar7 &#)($'$(a% ("rma! a4a( $"a($ "#a# 4"r%amaa# a!am 3"#() : K a 3T D$ma#a : a a# 3 &#%(a#(a "m4$r$
Konduksi Keadaan Steady
K&#)%$ a!am "aaa# steady a4a( $()!$% : A
= −.
0T
0T = −
0>
.A
0>
a(a) O!"h ar"#a ha#a!ah > a# T a# m"r)4aa# 'ar$a3"! a!am 4"r%amaa#7 $#("ra! !a#%)# aa# m"#ha%$!a# :
A
= −.
T1 − T2 2
− 1
= .
FT B
D$ma#a : 2 a# 1
B ("3a! !"m4"#a#
T1 T2
F( 4"#)r)#a# %)h) 83"a %)h)9 m"!$#(a# !"m4"#
N$!a$ a4a( $h$()# "#a# m"#;ar$ ra(ara(a ar$(m"($ a# 4aa ")a %)h) 4"rm)aa#7 T1 a# T2 a(a) "#a# m"#h$()# ra(ara(a ar$(m"($ %)h) a# m"#)#aa# #$!a$ 4aa %)h) $(). S"h$#a a4a( $()!$%a# a!am 3"#() : =
FT R
KON"UKSI KALOR K$A"AAN TAK STEADY Persaaan konduksi satu diensi
∂T + ∂T∂T 0> ∂> ∂>∂> > + > )ika kalor keluar lepeng pada
tentulah * T T T − .A8 ∂ + ∂ ∂ 0>90( ∂> ∂>∂>
K"!"3$ha# ma%)a# a!&r ("rhaa4 a!&r a# "!)ar7 a# m"r)4aa# 4"#)m4)a# 4aa !a4$%a# > aa!ah :
− .A
∂T ∂T ∂T∂T ∂ 2T + ( + .A8 >9( = .A 2 >( ∂> ∂> ∂>∂> ∂>
Stirred Tank Reactor (STR+
Stired Tank 8(a#$ 3"r4"#a)9 a!am $#)%(r$ $m$a $)#aa# )#() r"a%$r"a%$ batch <()m4a= a!am %a!a ";$!. A!a( $#$ ("r$r$ ar$ (a#$ %$!$#r$% a# $!"#a4$ "#a# a$(a(&r <4"#a)=. Ta#$ $#$ $)#aa# )#() 4"ma#a%a# a(a) 4"#$#$#a#7 $4aa$ a"( %"h$#a a$r 4a#a% a(a) a$r $#$# a4a( $a!$ra# 8$4$#aha#9. P"#a)a# $4aa$ a!am 3"r3aa$ a4!$a%$7 m$%a!#a $%4"r%$ %)a() -a( ("r!ar)( a!am %)a() 4"!ar)(7 4"#a()a# )a ;a$ra# a# a4a( $;am4)r7 4r&)%$ slurry ar$ 4aa(a# ha!)% $a!am %)a() ;a$ra#7 4"#a)a# %)a() ;a$ra# h&m&"# )#() m"#$#a(a# heat transfer " ;a$ra#. P"ra!a(a# 4"#a) m"m4)#a$ 3"r3aa$ ma;am 'ar$a%$ m"#)r)( a4!$a%$#a. 1. Axial flow impeler, )#() ;a$ra# '$%&%$(a% %"a# a# m"m"r!)a# "raa# ;"4a(. 2. Flat blade turbine, a# m"#ha%$!a# a!$ra# ()r3)!"# 4aa arah ra$a!7 ("(a4$ m"m"r!)a# power a# !"3$h 3"%ar. *. T)r3$# )#() 4"#a)a# a# m"ra(a %"a!$. +. Anchor impeller, )#() ($#a( ()r3)!"#%$ r"#ah a# ""($ $)#aa# )#() (a#$ a# $4a#a%a# a(a) $$#$#a# "#a# a"(. 5. Helical impeller 7 )#() 4"#a)a# 4aa( ;a$r a(a) )#() m"#a) 4a%(a7 !)m4)r7 a(a) a&#a#.
!a,ar -% Batch Stirred Reactor
Pr&%"% 4"r4$#aha# 4a#a% a!am (a#$ 3"r4"#a) a4a( $&!&#a# %"3aa$ 4r&%"% non isothermal 7 unsteady state ar"# a a!$ra# 4a#a% a# %)h) 3"r)3ah ("rhaa4 ?a(). P"#)r)#a# a# 4"#)#aa# 4"r%amaa# #"ra;a "#"r$ a# 4"r%amaa# a# m"#h)3)#a# 3$!a#a# (a 3"r$m"#%$ m"#$)($ a%)m%$a%)m%$ 3"r$)( : 1. U 3"r#$!a$ 3"r#$!a$ &#%(a# )#() 4r&%"% a# 4aa %"!)r)h 4"rm)aa# 4"r4$#aha# 4a#a%7 %"h$#a U 4r&%"% aa!ah ;&#%(a#. 2. La) a!$r !)$a 4a#a% aa!ah &#%(a#. *. Pa#a% %4"%$$ !)$a 4a#a% a# !)$a $#$# &#%(a# %"!ama 4r&%"%. +. S)h) !)$a 4"ma#a% a# ma%) a!am a;"( &#%(a# 5. P"#a)a# m"#ha%$!a# %)h) ;a$ra# a# m"ra(a. 6. T$a ("ra$ 4"r)3aha# a%a 4ar%$a!. . Pa#a% a# h$!a# a4a( $a3a$a#
Uraian Proses Stirred Tank Reactor *
K"ra# )ara ("a# $3)a )#() m"#h$)4a# &#(r&! 4a#"! a# m"#"raa# a()4 4#")ma($. K"m)$a# "ra# a$r $3)a a# a$r $4&m4aa# " a!am a"(. A$r aa# m"m"#)h$ a"( a# "!)ar 4aa 3a$a# &)(!"( m"#)) " Joint 7 $%$#$ a$r aa# $4a#a%a# "#a# 3a#()a# steam a# $$#"%$a# &!"h a()4 4#")ma($ 8%"3"!)m#a ale steam $3)a ("r!"3$h ah)!)9. A$r a# 4a#a% ma%) " %"4ara(&r $ma#a a% a# ("r3"#() aa# m"#a!$r " a(a% %"a#a# ;a$ra##a aa# "m3a!$ " a!am a"( a# 3"r%$r)!a%$. A$r 4a#a% $a!am a"( aa# m"ma#a%a# ;a$ra# $a!am r"a(&r %am4a$ %)h) m"#;a4a$ set point 80&,9. Ga% ar$ %"4ara(&r aa# ("r"3a $a!am steam trap %"h$#a ("r&#"#%a%$ m"#a$ ;a$ra# a# $ "m3a!$a# " (a#$ 4"#am4)#.
III%
Alat dan Bahan Ta#$ 3"r4"#a) / )#$( %($rr" (a# r"a;(&r • P,T 10 Th"rm&;&)4!" • A$r 3"r%$h 5L •
I#%
"iagra Alir Proses Steam
ex ande
Aliran air masuk Aliran uap Aliran air Uap bebas air Aliran uap Aliran steam Uap bebas Aliran air pendingin ma Aliran steam Aliran air pendingin kel Aliran air pendingin Aliran air pendingin
Air masuk
Uraian Proses Stirred Tank Reactor *
K"ra# )ara ("a# $3)a )#() m"#h$)4a# &#(r&! 4a#"! a# m"#"raa# a()4 4#")ma($. K"m)$a# "ra# a$r $3)a a# a$r $4&m4aa# " a!am a"(. A$r aa# m"m"#)h$ a"( a# "!)ar 4aa 3a$a# &)(!"( m"#)) " Joint 7 $%$#$ a$r aa# $4a#a%a# "#a# 3a#()a# steam a# $$#"%$a# &!"h a()4 4#")ma($ 8%"3"!)m#a ale steam $3)a ("r!"3$h ah)!)9. A$r a# 4a#a% ma%) " %"4ara(&r $ma#a a% a# ("r3"#() aa# m"#a!$r " a(a% %"a#a# ;a$ra##a aa# "m3a!$ " a!am a"( a# 3"r%$r)!a%$. A$r 4a#a% $a!am a"( aa# m"ma#a%a# ;a$ra# $a!am r"a(&r %am4a$ %)h) m"#;a4a$ set
point 80&,9. Ga% ar$ %"4ara(&r aa# ("r"3a $a!am steam trap %"h$#a ("r&#"#%a%$ m"#a$ ;a$ra# a# $ "m3a!$a# " (a#$ 4"#am4)#.
#%
Langkah Ker&a Stirred tank react$r
Persiapan
Pengamatan
Buka katup udara tekan
Pastikan suhu stabil' pengaduk dalam keadaan mati
/asukkan air dengan menggunakan p$mpa listrik
Hidupkan saklar utama (main switch)
idupkan peralatan PCT 1 untuk pengukuran T!
hidupkan st$pwatch secara bersamaan dengan pengadu
utama air "ang menu#u ke pengembun dari tangki utama
Catat data t' T1 dan T! setiap ! menit
Hentikan pengambilan data #ika nilai T10T! pkan p$mpa sirkulasi air dalam #aket (t$mb$l hi#au) Ukur ketinggian air dari dasar tangki
an sampai hargan"a naik mecapai ' #ika air dalam tangki suhun"a *$C tekanuntuk t$mb$l kuning sampai + Atur kecepatan pengaduk perc$baan berikutn"a
$s$ngkan isi reakt$r2tangki n sampai P, berwarna merahmatikan semua t$mb$l kuning dan hi#au
sampai suhu stabil pada &$C !$C' siapkan air 1-
Tentukan kecepatan putar (.P/)
/atikan pengaduk
#I%
"ata Pengaatan Run . - (/0 rp+
1aktu (enit+ 0
2 + 6 10 12 1+
Reaktor (o2+ tt4
2
6
(kal3go2+ 170
0 0
0 1 2 1 0
170 170 170 170 170 170 170
)aket ( o2+ TT4
Popa (,ar+ Suction "ischarge
27
17
1*172
1176
*75 *75 *76 *7 *75 *75 *75
27+ 275 27 27 276 276 276
1*67+ 1*67+ 1*7 1+27+ 1*67+ 1*67+ 1*67+
12671 1276 1*072 1*172 127 127 127 rad.kg
1aktu
K
(enit+
(menit/oC)
U (kal/m2oC)
0 2 + 6 10 12 1+ Ra(ara(a
0 1.21*+ 1.020 1.0506+ 1.0+6 1.01*6 1.011+06 1 1.0+
0 1+2+5. 556.5 +00.56* *+*2.*06 101.06 **.*06 0 *11.0
h
¿ 2 ¿ ¿
0 2.1+66 25.*2 25.20*+ 26.0+21 2+.25*01 2+.216+++ 0 26.6*
Grafk antara waktu Vs ∆T dan ∆t (90rpm)
suhu (o2+
! 14 1+ 13 1! 1 4 + 3 !
5T 5t!
!
3
+
4
1
1!
13
1+
14
!
!!
waktu (menit)
Run . 4 (50 rp+ 1aktu (enit+ 0 2 + 6 10 12 1+ 16 1 20 22
Reaktor (o2+ tt4
+6 52 5 62 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 1aktu
56 60 6* 6 2 * 1 1 0 0 0 0
2 (kal3go2+ 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170
Popa (,ar+ Suction "ischarge
07 170 172 175 176 17 276 171 170 170 170 07
11*7* 1176 12072 12+7 127 127 1**75 1071 1027* 1027* 1027* 1027*
67 76 10+7 1117+ 11*7* 1167 127 1027* 76 76 76 67
K (menit/oC)
0
176 17 270 27* 276 27 *70 17* 171 171 171 171
T-
)aket ( o2+ T4
0
rad .kg kal
U(
/m2oC)
0
¿ 2 ¿ ¿
h
0
2 + 6 10 12 1+ 16 1 20 22 Ra(ara(a
17+626* 17+62 172102 171+262 1.06155 1701261 17021* 170102+6 1700+56 1700+1*5 17002+ 0.2+
2657+1 22*75* 150 1*0*676 6*572+ **72*5 20*6765 +276+1 **72*5* **72*5* **72*5* 62.5*
+571265 +57611 +*716 +072+*+ **711*12 17015+ 257+0+ 170*+5 157265 157 167*51 2+.201+
Grafk antara waktu Vs ∆T dan ∆t (80rpm) 13 1! 1
suhu (oC)
4
5T
+
5t!
3 !
!
3
+
4
waktu (menit)
#II%
Perhitungan "iketahui *
L 07105 m D 171+ m
1
1!
13
1 4
1 2 2 x 3,14 x ( 1,14 ) =1,02 m 4
2
A = π d =
liter kg ≈ 75 5 menit menit 5000 /m"#$( rad min
N 0
Run - (50 rp+
P"#"#()a# hara K a# &"$%$"# 4"r4$#aha# 4a#a% 8U9 1. U#() ( + m"#$( M; . , 8T1 T29
75000
ln
ln
gr kal .1 . ( 120,2−104,8 ) ℃ =¿ 1155000 a!/m"#$( menit g ℃
T 1−t 1 T 1−t 2
65− 48 = 65−50
[ ]
WC k 1 −1 . .θ MC k 1
=
gr kal . 1 menit gr ℃ k 1−1 . . 4 menit kal k 1 1155000 menit
1.10
5
[ ]
1 17+ u A / w .c
k 1= e
5
17+
e
u . 1,02/ 10 .1
L# 17+ 070000102 . U U 22*75*
•
P"#"#()a# hara K a# &"$%$"# 4"r4$#aha# 4a#a% 8U9 U#() ( 2 m"#$(
h1 D1 k 1
[ ] [ ] [ ] 1 3
2
l N ρ =a μ
Qμ K
1 3
μ μ w
0,14
μ =1 D$ma#a : μ w
U. A. ( 22*.5* > 1702 > + 11600
h1 .1,14 1,48
(
=
( 0,105 m ) .80 rad .1 kg3 min m 2
0,01 C
)( 1 3
.
117600.0,01C
h$ +5.611 rad6kg2m!
#III% Pe,ahasan
1,488
)
1 3
( 1 )0,14
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Kesipulan •
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N (rpm)
0 0
rad . kg
K (menit/oC)
U (kal/m2oC)
0.2+ 1.0+
62.5* *11.0
h
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2+.201+ 26.6*
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Lapiran Tugas Men&a8a, Pertan9aan "ala Praktiku * -% Apa pengaruh dari kecepatan putaran otor pengaduk dengan &ulah air 9ang ,erkurang di dala reaktor tangki ,erpengaduk (strirrer tank reactor+: Ja?a3 : Kar"#a 4"#ar)h ar$ ";"4a(a# 4)(ara# 8r4m9 "#a# ";"4a(a# 4)(ara# a# %"ma$#
3"%ar maa a$(a(&r 4r&4"!!"r 3$a%a#a m"#&r&# -a( ;a$r " 3a?ah %am4a$ "a%ar (a#$7 $ ma#a ar)% $() !a!) m"#"3ar %";ara ra$a! " %"a!a arah m"#)) $#$#7 !a!) m"#a!$r !a$ " a(a% $%"4a#a# $#$# a# "m3a!$ $$%a4 &!"h 4r&4"!!"r ar$ a(a%. M"m3)a( '&!)m" a$r a# 3"raa $ a!am (a#$ ("r!$ha( %"4"r($ 3"r)ra#7 4aaha! ar"#a 4"#ar)h ar$ ";"4a(a# 4)(ara# m&(&r 4"#a) a# m"#"3a3a# a$r ("r%"3)( ("rh$%a4. 4% Pada praktiku tangki ,erpengaduk katup apa sa&a 9ang harus dala keadaan tertutup aupun ter,uka dala keadaan aku dan atospherik:
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No%
Kecepatan Putaran (rp+
P stea (,ar+
0
2
07 2
27
175
07 175
27+
1
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17
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Kecepatan No%
Putaran (rp+ 0
1.
0
9.
Pa,solut (,ar+ Perhitunga 'asil n
Ppopa
1aktu
Pa,solut
(enit+
S
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27 *75 *75 *76 *7 *75 *75 *75 176 17 270 27* 276 27 *70 17* 171 171 171 171
17 27+ 275 27 27 276 276 276 07 170 172 175 176 17 276 171 170 170 170 07
Perhitungan S " 07 27 07 17 07 *75 07 27+ 07 *75 07 275 07 *76 07 27 07 *7 07 27 07 *75 07 276 07 *75 07 276 07 *75 07 276 07 176 07 0. 07 17 07 170 07 270 07 172 07 27* 07 175 07 276 07 176 07 27 07 17 07 *70 07 276 07 17* 07 171 07 171 07 170 07 171 07 170 07 171 07 170 07 171 07 07
'asil S
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