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5 OHPVG@^ÉÃG E agzoanhpeéãg `n cevies cgarvnnh`n es grnveéþns `n nlnzeéãg, pvehsrgvpn n `nscevie `n gfdnpgs, u~n rg`n snv njnp~e`e aeh~elanhpn g~ cga vnc~vsg e sospnaes ancæhocgs( E agzoanhpeéãg ancæhoce `n cevies rnvaopn u~n, `n ~a ag`g rlehne`g n sni~vg, n cga vnc~vsg e ~a `npnvaohe`g cghd~hpg `n aepnvoeos n anogs, sn agzoanhpna cevies `n ~a `npnvaohe`g rghpg reve g~pvg( Nspe grnveéãg cgarvnnh`n es sni~ohpns jesns4
nlnzeéãg -g~ cevie/; aehgfve lozvn -g~ agzoanhpeéãg/; essnhpeanhpg -g~ `nscevie/(
6 CLESSOJOCEÉÃG @GS SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIES Gs sospnaes `n agzoanhpeéãg ancæhoce `n cevies sãg hgvaelanhpn clessojoce`gs `n pväs jgvaes `ojnvnhpns4
Clessojoceéþns narávoces Clessojoceéãg fesne`e he cevie hgaohel Clessojoceéãg fesne`e he J(N(A( - Jn`nveéãg N~vgrnoe `n Agzoanhpeéãg /
6(5 Clessojoceéþns narávoces Gs sospnaes snlncoghe`gs reve g `nsnarnhmg `es aeos zevoe`es grnveéþns nspãg `nrnh`nhpns `n a~opgs jepgvns( Gs nu~oreanhpgs `n agzoanhpeéãg snvãg fna nscglmo`gs sn gfpoznvags, vnlepozeanhpn âs `oznvses jesns `n grnveéãg -nlnzeéãg, aehgfve lozvn n essnhpeanhpg/, vnsrgspes âs sni~ohpns u~nspþns4 G u~ä7 Gh`n7 U~eh`g7 Cgag7 @~vehpn7
> yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
G u~ä7 ! E cevie e agzoanhpev ï nsp~`e`e na pg`es es s~es cevecpnváspoces u~n
`nzna ohcl~ov g hgan `g aepnvoel cghspop~ohpn, e s~e cgargsoéãg u~áaoce, nspe`g jásocg, jgvae, cereco`e`n, pn}p~ve, porg `n nafeleina, `e`gs `n sni~vehée, npou~npes `n ezosg `n rnvoig, hôanvg `n nafeleinhs n aesse pgpel( Gh`n7 ! Ï hncnssåvog cghmncnv, cga rvncosãg, g lgcel `e cevie n `nscevie( U~eh`g7 ! E `epe n e mgve, essoa cgag es cgh`oéþns anpngvglóioces hgs lgceos `n
cevie n `nscevie( Cgag7 – Ï hncnssåvog u~n `~vehpn e grnveéãg, sn pnhmea na cghpe gs
`gc~anhpgs gjocoeos hncnssåvogs, peos cgag, locnhées reve g pvehsrgvpn g~ nznhp~el hncnsso`e`n `n ecgarehmeanhpg `n e~pgvo`e`ns gjocoeos( @~vehpn7 ! U~ehpg pnarg snvå hncnssåvog reve njnp~ev g pvehsrgvpn n u~eos gs
anogs m~aehgs n nu~oreanhpgs hncnssåvogs( Na vns~ag, gs rvohcoreos jepgvns e pnv na cghso`nveéãg sãg gs sni~ohpns4
Porg n cevecpnváspoces `e cevie; Porg n oargvpæhcoe `e ohpnvznhéãg m~aehe; Háznl `e ohcl~sãg `n anogs e~}oloevns `n agzoanhpeéãg; Porg n oargvpæhcoe `e revpocoreéãg `n anogs ancæhocgs; Porgs `n nhnvioes essgcoe`es eg sospnae `n agzoanhpeéãg `n cevie; Porg n oargvpæhcoe `e ohcl~sãg `n anogs `n cgaeh`g; Porg n oargvpæhcoe `e ohcl~sãg `n sospnaes ohpnloinhpns; Vopags n ce`ähcoes `g sospnae `n agzoanhpeéãg `es cevies(
6(6 Clessojoceéãg fesne`e he cevie hgaohel Gs sospnaes `n agzoanhpeéãg `n cevies ohcl~na hg sn~ iv~rg gs erevnlmgs u~n nlnzea n agzoanhpea cevies c~des aesses nspãg efvehio`es rnlgs loaopns `es s~es cereco`e`ns hgaoheos( Cga fesn hnspe clessojoceéãg, nhpnh`n!sn rgv cevie hgaohel, cevie aå}oae `n nlnzeéãg g~ cereco`e`n `n cevie e cevie aå}oae u~n g erevnlmg `n nlnzeéãg rg`n s~srnh`nv( Nspe clessojoceéãg `å ~ae rvoanove oh`oceéãg `e cereco`e`n `n ~a erevnlmg `n nlnzeéãg(
: yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
6(3 Clessojoceéãg fesne`e he J(N(A( Nspe clessojoceéãg ï fesne`e he “Pnvaohglgioe Ol~spve`e `gs Erevnlmgs `n Nlnzeéãg `n Sïvon “ u~n e J(N(A( -Jï`ïvepogh N~vgrïnhhn `n le Aeh~pnhpogh/ r~flocg~ na 5?:2, u~n erós zåvoes n`oéþns, rgss~o ep~elanhpn es sni~ohpns Snéþns4
Snéãg O ! Erevnlmgs rnse`gs `n nlnzeéãg n agzoanhpeéãg Snéãg OO ! Pvehsrgvpe`gvns cghpáh~gs Snéãg OOO ! Pvehsrgvpe`gvns eïvngs - Pnlnjïvocgs / Snéãg OZ ! Narolme`noves Snéãg Z ! Iv~es aóznos Snéãg ZOO ! Nlnze`gvns, nsce`es vglehpns n pernpns vglehpns Snéãg O] ! Erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg sïvon Sncéãg ] ! Nu~oreanhpgs n rvgcnssgs `n evaetnheina
G u~e`vg sni~ohpn `å!hgs ~ae o`noe `g porg `n nu~oreanhpgs rnvpnhcnhpns e ce`e ~ae `nspes snéþns(
Joi~ve 5 ! Clessojoceéãg `gs erevnlmgs `n sïvon sni~h`g e JNA4 e/ Snéãg O ;f/OO ;c/OZ; `/Z; n/ZOO; j/O]
3 RVOHCOREOS VOSCGS @GS SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIES 3(5 Iv~es, rghpns vglehpns, i~ohcmgs, `ojnvnhcoeos n g~pvgs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg
9 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Pg`gs gs nlnanhpgs `e nspv~p~ve, ancehosag, jo}eéãg n ecnssóvogs `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv `n fge cghspv~éãg, `n aepnvoeos ervgrvoe`gs n vnsospnhpns, n snv aehpo`gs na fga nspe`g `n cghsnvzeéãg n j~hcogheanhpg( Gs iehcmgs `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna nspev a~ho`gs `n `osrgsopozgs `n sni~vehée u~n oarnéea e j~ie `g cefg `n s~srnhsãg( Gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg ecoghe`gs nlnpvoceanhpn `nzna snv nu~ore`gs cga loaope`gvns `n nlnzeéãg u~n cgvpna e~pgaepoceanhpn e cgvvnhpn nlïpvoce u~eh`g e cevie ~lpveressev g loaopn s~rnvogv `g c~vsg u~n lmn nspå jo}e`g( Gs i~ohcmgs `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv cghcnfo`gs `n ag`g e u~n e `nsco`e `es cevies sn jeée cga g agpgv nafveoe`g n hãg na u~n`e lozvn( Pg`gs gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv rvgzo`gs `n jvnogs celc~le`gs n ohspele`gs `n aehnove e rg`nv s~rgvpev njocetanhpn ~ae cevie u~n epohde, rnlg anhgs, znt n anoe e cevie e~pgvote`e( Gs óviãgs `n cgaeh`g `nzna snv cglgce`gs na lgceos `n jåcol ecnssg, oh`ocev cleveanhpn es aehgfves e u~n sn `nspohea n snv rvgpnio`gs cghpve ecogheanhpg eco`nhpel( Na ce`e erevnlmg `n nlnzeéãg ecoghe`g e~pgaepoceanhpn `nzn!sn ervnsnhpev, `n jgvae fna zosáznl, e oh`oceéãg `e cevie aå}oae e`aossáznl( @nzn snv jo}e`e d~hpg `g cgh`~pgv, essoa cgag he revpn ohjnvogv `g erevnlmg, e oh`oceéãg `gs sn~s loaopns `n narvnig, pnh`g na cghpe, nsrncoelanhpn, g zelgv n rgsoéãg `g cghpvernsg, e gvonhpeéãg n ohcloheéãg `e lehée, e cevie lnzehpe`e na j~héãg `g zãg n e znlgco`e`n `g znhpg cgarepáznl cga e nspefolo`e`n( E nspefolo`e`n n e ehcgveina `n iv~es n rghpns vglehpns u~n pvefelmea eg ev lozvn `nzna snv essni~ve`es pnh`g na epnhéãg es aeos jgvpns rvnssþns `g znhpg, sni~h`g es cgh`oéþns lgceos n es sglocopeéþns aeos `nsjezgvåznos vns~lpehpns `es aehgfves `n cevie( Hes n}pvnao`e`ns `gs ceaohmgs `n vgleanhpg `n erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg sgfvn cevvos `nzna n}ospov `osrgsopozgs `n reveina( E nlnzeéãg n pvehsrgvpn `n cevies rgv erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv vni~le`gs rgv ~a có`oig `n soheloteéãg u~n cgargvpn, reve ce`e aehgfve, ~a sohel `ospohpg = yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
jnopg, `n rvnjnvähcoe, rgv agzoanhpgs `gs fveégs g~ `es aãgs, `nznh`g gs sohelnovgs snv jecolanhpn o`nhpojocåznos â zospe( Gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv ohsrncoghe`gs n s~fanpo`gs e rvgze rgv rnssge cgarnpnhpn ehpns `e s~e ohspeleéãg n vncganég `n j~hcogheanhpg erós reveina rvglghie`e g~ ezevoe( Gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv n}eaohe`gs `oevoeanhpn rnlg vnsrncpozg cgh`~pgv n ohsrncoghe`gs rnvog`oceanhpn rgv u~elu~nv g~pve rnssge mefolope`e, zevoeh`g g rnvág`g u~n `ncgvvn nhpvn es ohsrnéþns `gs `ojnvnhpns nlnanhpgs cga gs nsjgvégs e u~n nspndea s~fanpo`gs( Gs cefgs, cgvvnhpns, iehcmgs, lohies, peafgvns, jvnogs n loaope`gvns `n c~vsg `nzna snv n}eaohe`gs cgarlnpe n c~o`e`gseanhpn, rnlg anhgs, ~ae znt rgv snaehe( Gs cgh`~pgvns `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna nzopev, pehpg u~ehpg rgssáznl, pvehsrgvpev es cevies rgv coae `gs pvefelme`gvns n `gs lgceos gh`n e s~e nznhp~el u~n`e rgsse cghspop~ov rnvoig( U~eh`g snde hncnssåvog `nslgcev, rgv coae `gs lgceos `n pvefelmg, cevies rnvoigses, peos cgag anpel na j~sãg g~ gfdnpgs rvnsgs e nlnpvgáaãs, `nzn!sn lehéev ~a sohel `n e`znvpähcoe njocet, e joa `n elnvpev gs pvefelme`gvns reve efeh`ghevna e tghe rnvoigse( Gs cgh`~pgvns `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg hãg gs `nzna `no}ev sna zoiolæhcoe u~eh`g nspoznv s~srnhse ~ae cevie(
3(6 Pvehsrgvpe`gvns rhn~aåpocgs, rgv ivezo`e`n, `n cgvvnoe, `n ce`noes, `n vglgs n `n revej~sgs sna joa( Gs nlnanhpgs cevvnie`gvns `gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns `nzna snv s~joconhpnanhpn vnsospnhpns reve s~rgvpevna, cga pg`e e sni~vehée, es cevies rvnzospes( G cghd~hpg `g ancehosag `n pvehsrgvpn `nzn snv cghspv~á`g `n aehnove e nzopev g voscg `n nsaeieanhpg nhpvn gs óviãgs aóznos n nhpvn nspns n gs óviãgs g~ gfdnpgs jo}gs( Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns eïvngs `n ecnssg jvnu~nhpn `nzna snv rvgzo`gs `n resse`oégs g~ rlepejgvaes nspefnlnco`gs na pg`g g sn~ cgarvoanhpg( Nspns resse`oégs g~ ? yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
rlepejgvaes `nzna pnv, rnlg anhgs, 2,0> a `n levi~ve, snv a~ho`gs, `n eafgs gs le`gs `n i~ev`e!cgvrgs n vg`erïs n aehpnv!sn `nsnafeveée`gs `n u~eosu~nv aepnvoeos g~ gfdnpgs( Gs rezoanhpgs `gs resse`oégs eg lghig `gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns n gs `es rlepejgvaes hgs rgspgs `n cevvnieanhpg n `nscevie hãg `nzna snv nscgvvnie`ogs( Gs resse`oégs `gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns eïvngs n gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns u~n, hãg snh`g cgarlnpeanhpn jncme`gs, nspndea sop~e`gs na jgsses g~ eg háznl `g rezoanhpg `nzna snv rvgpnio`gs rgv i~ev`e!cgvrgs n vg`erïs e`nu~e`gs( U~eh`g gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns hãg sndea cgarlnpeanhpn jncme`gs n ressna rgv coae `n lgceos `n pvefelmg g~ `n resseina, `nzna ohspelev!sn rvgpncpgvns jnopgs `n cmere g~ vn`n anpåloce reve vnpnvna u~elu~nv aepnvoel g~ gfdncpg s~scnrpáznl `n ceov `g pvehsrgvpe`gv( Es cgvvnoes, ce`noes, nhivnheinhs n åvzgvns agpgves, coloh`vgs peafgvns g~ cevvnpgs `gs ancehosags `gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns `nzna snv rvgpnio`gs( Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns ecoghe`gs ancehoceanhpn `nzna snv a~ho`gs, hgs rgspgs `n cevie n `nscevie n hgs rghpgs gh`n sn njnp~n g ecogheanhpg ancæhocg n e vni~leéãg `es pnhsþns, `n `osrgsopozgs u~n rnvaopea pvezev gs óviãgs agpgvns na cesg `n nanviähcoe( Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns u~n nlnzea es cevies sni~h`g ~a rlehg ohclohe`g `nzna snv rvgzo`gs `n `osrgsopozgs ancæhocgs `n pvezeina e~pgaåpoce, reve g cesg `n cgvpn eco`nhpel `e jgvée agpvot( U~eh`g gs gfdnpgs g~ aepnvoeos jgvna cevvnie`gs aeh~elanhpn hgs pvehsrgvpe`gvns na agzoanhpg, e znlgco`e`n `nspns `nzn snv s~joconhpnanhpn rnu~nhe reve u~n gs gfdnpgs g~ aepnvoeos rgssea snv cevvnie`gs sna rnv`e `n nu~oláfvog( E `nscevie aeh~el `n aepnvoeos rnhse`gs g~ zgl~agsgs hãg `nzn njnp~ev!sn cga gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns na agzoanhpg, selzg hgs lgceos `nsoihe`gs reve nssn njnopg( U~eh`g revpn `g pvehsrgvpe`gv sn sop~n jgve `g cearg `n zosãg `g grnve`gv, `nzna ohspelev!sn soheos ecôspocgs g~ l~aohgsgs e ecoghev rnlg grnve`gv, e páp~lg `n ezosg, ehpns `n rðv g ancehosag na agzoanhpg(
52 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns `nzna snv ohsrncoghe`gs rnvog`oceanhpn e joa `n essni~vev u~n sn aehpäa na fga nspe`g(
3(3 Cevvgs `n pvehsrgvpn ancæhocg n aeh~el ! narolme`noves n cevvgs `n aãg Gs cevvgs `n pvehsrgvpn aeh~el n gs cevvgs `n aãg `nzna snv rvgdnpe`gs, cghspv~á`gs n ~polote`gs pnh`g nsrncoelanhpn na epnhéãg e sni~vehée `g sn~ cgargvpeanhpg na snvzoég n snvna ervgrvoe`gs reve g pvehsrgvpn e njnp~ev( Sn rgssáznl, es vg`es `nzna snv `n fgvvecme g~ aepnvoel cga cevecpnváspoces nu~ozelnhpns( Gs cevvgs aeh~eos `nzna snv `gpe`gs `n pvezþns u~eh`g sn ~polotna na veares g~ s~rnvjácons ohclohe`es( H~hce sn `nzn rvgcn`nv eg cevvnieanhpg `gs cevvgs nhu~ehpg nspns rnvaehncnvna na veares( Es rnies g~ zevþns `n nar~vvev `nzna `osrgv `n i~ev`e!aãgs( Es narolme`noves `nzna snv rvgdnpe`es, cghspv~á`es n ~polote`es pnh`g nsrncoelanhpn na epnhéãg e sni~vehée `g sn~ cgargvpeanhpg na snvzoég n, reve g njnopg, snv `gpe`es `n `osrgsopozgs `n cgaeh`g n soheloteéãg e`nu~e`gs( Gs cgaeh`gs `n evvehu~n, ecnlnveéãg, nlnzeéãg n pvezeina `nzna vn~hov cgh`oéþns u~n oarnéea agzoanhpgs ohzgl~hpåvogs( Gs znác~lgs `nzna `osrgv `n cefohe `n sni~vehée g~, elpnvhepozeanhpn, nspev rvgzo`gs `n evaeéãg `n sni~vehée -u~e`vg, evcg g~ róvpocg/ reve selzei~ev`ev g pvefelme`gv na cesg `n vnzoveanhpg, cergpeina g~ naroheanhpg( E oh`oceéãg `e cereco`e`n `n cevie e pvehsrgvpev `nzn snv ejo}e`e na lgcel fna zosáznl `g znác~lg( Gs cevvgs e~pgagpgvns n vnfgu~ns `nzna ervnsnhpev, `n jgvae fna zosáznl, oh`oceéãg `e cereco`e`n aå}oae `n cevie( G cevvnieanhpg `nzn jetnv!sn `n aehnove e feo}ev, pehpg u~ehpg rgssáznl, g cnhpvg `n ivezo`e`n `e cevie( Gs cevvgs na u~n e `nscevie sn njnp~n rgv fesc~leanhpg 55 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
`nzna nspev rvgzo`gs `n `osrgsopozgs u~n oarnéea u~n g ansag sn jeée eco`nhpelanhpn( E znlgco`e`n `gs anogs ancæhocgs `n pvehsrgvpn `nzn snv cgh`ocoghe`e âs cevecpnváspoces `g rnvc~vsg, hep~vnte `e cevie n rgssofolo`e`ns `n pvezeina( Gs cevvgs e~pgagpgvns n gs vnfgu~ns `nzna snv a~ho`gs `n nhiepns e~pgaåpocgs cghcnfo`gs `n aehnove u~n hãg sn ejespna `e zoe nscglmo`e( Gs cevvgs ecoghe`gs rgv agpgvns `n cgaf~spãg hãg `nzna snv ~polote`gs he rvg}oao`e`n `n lgceos gh`n må rgnoves n}rlgsozes g~ zergvns ohjleaåznos n hg ohpnvogv `n n`ojácogs gh`n e znhpoleéãg hãg snde s~joconhpn reve nloaohev gs voscgs gcesoghe`gs rnlgs iesns `n nscern( U~eh`g hãg nspndea na snvzoég, gs cevvgs `nzna snv vncglmo`gs na lgceos vnsnvze`gs reve g njnopg, rvgpnio`gs `es ohpnarïvons n `nzo`eanhpn oagfolote`gs( Gs `ojnvnhpns nlnanhpgs `gs cevvgs `nzna snv ohsrncoghe`gs e ohpnvzelgs vni~levns rnlg rnssgel nhcevvnie`g `e cghsnvzeéãg, snh`g rgspgs jgve `n snvzoég n `nzo`eanhpn vnreve`gs u~eh`g jgv cesg `ossg(
0 E CEVIE4 RNSG N CNHPVG @N IVEZO@E@N U~el g rnsg `e cevie e snv nlnze`e7 Reve vnsrgh`nv e nspe rnvi~hpe n}ospna 0 rgssofolo`e`ns4 cghmncnv, rnsev, celc~lev n s~rgv( G o`nel ï u~eh`g e rnée pna sn~ rnsg oh`oce`g -rohp~ve g~ rleu~npe/ reve rnées rvghpes n na nspelnovgs, ï hgvaepote`g u~n rnées ecoae `n ~ae pghnle`e pnhmea sn~ rnsg oh`oce`g( …
Nspe hgvae `nznvoe snv rve}n na u~elu~nv oh`ôspvoe( Jefvocehpns `n aåu~ohes n rnées päa sn narnhme`g a~opg na oh`ocev g rnsg na s~es rnées -n cevies/( G~pve rgssofolo`e`n `n sn nhcghpvev g rnsg sãg gs fgv`nvðs g~ gv`nhs `n jefvoceéãg u~n `nznvoea oh`ocev g rnsg( U~eh`g poznvags u~n rnsev ~ae cevie g o`nel ï u~n pnhmeags ~ae felehée reve pelmes, `n rvnjnvähcoe cga lnop~ve `oiopel reve jecolopev e lnop~ve, g~ ansag pelmes cga felehée naf~po`e cga agspve`gv `oiopel hg cgaeh`g( 56 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
U~eh`g nsses rgssofolo`e`ns hãg n}ospna hãg vnspe g~pve elpnvhepoze sn hãg celc~lev g~ rn`ov â s~rnvzosãg u~n celc~ln g rnsg( Cm~pev ï e rogv elpnvhepoze, rgos sganhpn cga a~ope n}rnvoähcoe na rnées snanlmehpns ï u~n pnags e rgssofolo`e`n `n cmniev e ~a vns~lpe`g seposjepóvog( Sn e `njohoéãg `g rnsg ï oargvpehpn, eoh`e aeos ï e `njohoéãg `g cnhpvg `n ivezo`e`n( Hes rnées soaïpvoces nspe `njohoéãg ï jåcol, aes na aåu~ohes n rnées essoaïpvoces gh`n g cnhpvg `n ivezo`e`n ï `nslgce`g, g o`nel snvoe u~n mg~znssn ~ae oh`oceéãg he aåu~ohe, rnée g~ ansag nafeleina( Sn g cnhpvg `n ivezo`e`n ï `nscghmnco`g hãg sn sefn gh`n elohmev g iehcmg `n nlnzeéãg( E cereco`e`n `n ~a i~oh`espn `n lehée `nrnh`n `n u~ehpg sn ezehée e s~e lehée( U~ehpg aeos `ospehpn e cevie nspoznv, anhgv e cereco`e`n `n cevie `g i~oh`espn( G loaope`gv `n cevie `e aåu~ohe hãg `nzn snv ~se`g rgv nvvgs `n cålc~lgs `g grnve`gv(
> SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIE >(5 Pvehsrgvpe`gvns Mo`vå~locgs Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns mo`vå~locgs sãg rnvjnopgs reve agzoanhpeéþns mgvotghpeos `n relnpns( Peafïa cghmnco`g cgag cevvohmg mo`vå~locg, rnvaopn nlnzeéãg n `nsco`e nspåznl `g relnpn, jåcol grnveéãg, sni~vehée n cghjoefolo`e`n reve grnveéþns na rosgs rlehgs `n fges cgh`oéþns(
53 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 6 ! Pvehsrgvpe`gv mo`vå~locg
>(5(5 @e`gs Pïchocgs Rvohcoreos
>(6 Elezehce cga vg`es Ï ~se`e reve lnzehpev cevies rnse`es n jetnv rnu~nhgs pvehsrgvpns( 50 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Rg`n snv ~polote`e reve jetnv rnu~nhes aehgfves cga cevies zgl~agses n rnse`es( U~eh`g ~polotev ~ae elezehce h~hce sn `nzn jetnv jgvée cga g rnsg `g cgvrg( Sni~veh`g fna he rghpe `e elezehce, päa!sn ~ae aeogv cereco`e`n `n lnzehpeanhpg cga anhgv jgvée(
Joi~ve 3 ! Elezehce cga vg`es
>(3 I~oh`espn Ï ~a erevnlmg cga lehée iovepóvoe n sospnae `n lnzehpeanhpg `n cevie, cghspv~á`g sni~h`g g rvohcárog `e iehigvve( Cgvvnpeanhpn `oanhsoghe`g, g i~oh`espn n}nc~pevå e cghpnhpg pg`g g snvzoég n, cgvvnpeanhpn grnve`g, pvevå vero`nt n sni~vehée â grnveéãg( Cga aeh~pnhéãg rvnznhpoze na `oe, g i~oh`espn `ojocolanhpn jelmevå u~eh`g sglocope`g( >(3(5 Porgs aeos ~s~eos >(3(5(5 I~oh`espn sgfvn nspnove cga lehée pvnloée`e …
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^polote`g na snvzoégs vnrnpopozgs, gh`n hãg ï hncnssåvoe e zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg `n lehée( ^polote`g na lgceos `n `ojácol ecnssg, cga pnvvnhg ovvni~lev g~ sna jovante( @n iveh`n cereco`e`n `n cevie, rg`n sn lgcgagznv cga e ansae( Hãg ï ecghsnlme`g reve snvzoégs u~n hncnssopna `n iveh`ns `nslgceanhpgs, g~ `n `nslgceanhpgs cghspehpns( 5> yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
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Vncganh`e`g reve snvzoégs `n nscezeéãg, fepn!nspeces, pvefelmgs rgvp~åvogs n iveh`ns agzoanhpeéþns `n cevie na invel(
Joi~ve 0 ! I~oh`espn sgfvn nspnove `n lehée pvnloée`e
>(3(5(6 I~oh`espn sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pvnloée`e …
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G ecogheanhpg `g i~oh`espn ï oh`nrnh`nhpn `g ceaohmãg( ^polote`g na snvzoégs vnrnpopozgs, gh`n hãg ï hncnssåvoe e zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg `e lehée( @nzo`g â s~e cghspop~oéãg sgfvn ceaohmãg, rg`n znhcnv iveh`ns `nslgceanhpgs he åvne `n pvefelmg( Hncnssope `n pnvvnhg jovan n vni~lev reve u~n rgsse grnvev( @n iveh`n cereco`e`n `n cevie, hãg rg`n sn lgcgagznv cga e ansae( Vncganh`e`g reve snvzoégs `n aghpeina oh`~spvoel n iveh`ns gfves `n nhinhmevoe(
Joi~ve > ! I~oh`espn sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pvnloée`e
5: yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
>(3(5(3 I~oh`espn mo`vå~locg sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pnlnscóroce …
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G ecogheanhpg `g i~oh`espn ï oh`nrnh`nhpn `g ceaohmãg( ^polote`g na snvzoégs `oznvsgs, gh`n mede hncnsso`e`n cghspehpn `n zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg `e lehée(
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Hncnssope `n pnvvnhg jovan n vni~lev reve u~n rgsse grnvev cga sni~vehée( Rg`n znhcnv iveh`ns `nslgceanhpgs he åvne `n pvefelmg, g~ hãg(
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@n iveh`n cereco`e`n `n cevie, hãg rg`n sn lgcgagznv cga e ansae(
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@nzo`g â s~e iveh`n znvsepolo`e`n he zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg `e lehée, ï vncganh`e`g reve snvzoégs `n lnzehpeanhpg `n cevies `oznvses, lnzeh`g!sn na cghpe s~e pefnle `n cevie(
Joi~ve : ! I~oh`espn mo`vå~locg sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pnlnscóroce
>(3(5(0 I~oh`espn e~pgrvgr~lsgv cga lehée pnlnscóroce …
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^polote`g na snvzoégs vnrnpopozgs, gh`n ï hncnssåvoe e zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg `n lehée( Hncnssope `n pnvvnhg jovan n vni~lev, reve u~n rgsse grnvev cga sni~vehée( O`nel reve snvzoégs na åvnes ernvpe`es, gh`n es aehgfves sãg `ojoc~lpe`es( Nu~oreanhpg znvsåpol hg `nslgceanhpg, rgos gs cgaeh`gs `n ecogheanhpg `g i~oh`espn sop~ea!sn he ansae cefohn `gs cgaeh`gs `n `nslgceanhpg(
59 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 9 ! I~oh`espn e~pgrvgr~lsgv cga lehée pnlnscóroce
>(3(5(> I~oh`espn sgfvn rn`nspel
Es iveh`ns rlepejgvaes `n rnvj~veéãg n rvg`~éãg `n rnpvólng ~polotea i~oh`espns `gpe`gs `n lehées pvnloée`es, `n cgarvoanhpg cghspehpn, jo}gs â nspv~p~ve `e rlepejgvae( E aeogvoe `nspns i~oh`espns rgss~o `osrgsopozgs `n sni~vehée n}pves reve g sn~ ~sg na rlepejgvaes aevápoaes, cgag e felehée `n cevie reve ejnvov cga n}epo`ãg g rnsg `n ce`e cevie u~n nspå snh`g oée`e( …
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^polote`g na snvzoégs vnrnpopozgs, gh`n hãg ï hncnssåvoe e zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg `e lehée( Sãg `gpe`gs `n lehées pvnloée`es na p~fg `n eég aeos lnzn, na cehpghnoves `n eég aeos rnse`es, g~ aospes(
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Narvnie`g na rlepejgvaes aevápoaes, hezogs, felses, npc(
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I~oh`espn `n iveh`n cereco`e`n, hãg rg`n sn `nslgcev(
5= yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve = ! I~oh`espn sgfvn rn`nspel
>(0 Narolme`noves @njohn!sn narolme`nove cgag ~a znác~lg e~pgrvgr~lsgv `n pväs vg`es, rnlg anhgs, rvgdnpe`g reve lnzehpev, pvehsrgvpev n rgsocoghev aepnvoeos( Es narolme`noves cghspop~na ~a `gs nu~oreanhpgs aeos znvsåpnos hg pvehsrgvpn ohpnvhg( @nspohe!sn pehpg â agzoanhpeéãg znvpocel u~ehpg mgvotghpel `n rvepoceanhpn pg`gs gs porgs `n aepnvoeos, sna es loaopeéþns `n ~a pvednpg jo}g( Es cevies sãg cevvnie`es na ievjgs, cga agzoanhpg reve coae n reve feo}g, sgfvn ~a u~e`vg sop~e`g he revpn `oehpnove `g znác~lg( Es vg`es pvesnoves sãg `ovncoghe`es n es jvghpnoves, `n pveéãg, rg`na snv agpgvote`es g~ aeh~eos( Ï ~ae aåu~ohe gh`n g rnsg `e cevie agzoanhpe`e ï felehcne`g rgv ~a cghpvernsg cglgce`g he revpn pvesnove `g znác~lg( Ï cghspv~á`e sni~h`g g rvohcárog `e &iehigvve&, gh`n e cevie, hgs ievjgs, ï nu~olofve`e rnlg rnsg `e aåu~ohe( G cnhpvg `n vgpeéãg g~ g &ergog `e iehigvve& ï g cnhpvg `es vg`es `oehpnoves( @nsse aehnove, ï a~opg oargvpehpn sefnvags e `ospæhcoe `g cnhpvg `es vg`es epï g cnhpvg `e cevie cglgce`e( E cereco`e`n `n nlnzeéãg `n ~ae narolme`nove ï ejespe`e rgv `gos jepgvns4 5( Rnsg `e cevie; 6( @ospæhcoe `g cnhpvg `n ivezo`e`n `e cevie(
5? yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Sni~h`g e hgvae R!HF!5>3 `e EFHP, es cereco`e`ns sãg vnjnvo`es cga cnhpvg `n cevie e :2ca( Reve ohjgvaeéþns n}epes, `nzn!sn vnjnvov eg ivåjocg `n cereco`e`n r~floce`g hgs jglmnpgs `n nsrncojoceéþns `n ce`e narolme`nove, u~n oh`oce e cereco`e`n( E aeogvoe `es narolme`noves pna ~ae s~srnhsãg `n pväs rghpgs, ansag u~eh`g sn lgcgagzn na u~epvg vg`es( Hgvaelanhpn, g no}g pvesnovg rozgpe sgfvn ~a rohg hg cnhpvg, `n ag`g u~n e narolme`nove nspå s~srnhse na pväs rghpgs4 hg rohg `n evpoc~leéãg `g no}g pvesnovg n na ce`e ~ae `es vg`es `oehpnoves( E åvne cgarvnnh`o`e `nhpvg `gs rghpgs `n s~srnhsãg ï cmeae`e `n pvoæhi~lg `n nspefolo`e`n(
Joi~ve ? – Narolme`nove
Sn g rghpg `n nu~oláfvog ohco`ov jgve `g pvoæhi~lg `e nspefolo`e`n, e narolme`nove pgafe eg lghig `n ~ae `es lohmes `g pvoæhi~lg( U~eh`g g rghpg `n nu~oláfvog sn `nslgce peafïa, na vnsrgspe e ~ae ecnlnveéãg n `nsecnlnveéãg vnrnhpohe g~ zove`es fv~sces, e narolme`nove pgafe reve e jvnhpn( E nspefolo`e`n ï vns~lpehpn `n zåvogs jepgvns( @ospæhcoe nhpvn no}gs, levi~ve pgpel `g no}g `n pveéãg, elp~ve `n nlnzeéãg n `ospvof~oéãg `g rnsg sãg gs aeogvns( Ecnssóvogs vnu~nvo`gs n porgs `n cevies e snvna aehor~le`gs peafïa sãg cghso`nveéþns oargvpehpns(
62 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Epï eigve eheloseags gs jepgvns `n nspefolo`e`n `n ~ae narolme`nove, sna cghso`nvev es jgvées `ohæaoces u~n vns~lpea u~eh`g e aåu~ohe n e cevie sãg cglgce`es na agzoanhpg( E pvehsjnvähcoe `n rnsg n gs agzoanhpgs `g cnhpvg `n ivezo`e`n vns~lpehpns, es jgvées `ohæaoces cvoe`es u~eh`g e aåu~ohe nspå na agzoanhpg, jvneh`g, nlnzeh`g, ohcloheh`g n `nscnh`g cevies, sãg cghso`nveéþns `n nspefolo`e`n( >(0(5 Porgs `n nspefolo`e`n4
cghso`nvn e mefolo`e`n `n e aåu~ohe aehgfvev vero`eanhpn, u~eh`g nspeze pvefelmeh`g zetoe, e cevie efeo}e`e, e 32ca `g cmãg(
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Nspefolo`e`n lepnvel na agzoanhpg !
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Nspefolo`e`n lepnvel `n narolmeanhpg !
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Nspefolo`e`n lghiop~`ohel na agzoanhpg !
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Nspefolo`e`n lghiop~`ohel `n narolmeanhpg !
cghso`nvn g elpg narolmeanhpg `n cevies n g njnopg eg `nclozn `g sglg, hes grnveéþns `n elpg narolmeanhpg( cghso`nvn e mefolo`e`n `n revev e aåu~ohe, nspeh`g nle na agzoanhpg, zetoe g~ cevvnie`e, cga e cevie ervg}oae`eanhpn e 32 ca `g sglg( cghso`nvn g aeh~snog `n cevies hes nlnzeéþns `g narolmeanhpg n g njnopg `n reve`es vnrnhpohes(
>(> Rghpn vglehpn E rghpn vglehpn pna sn~s agzoanhpgs lghiop~`ohel, pvehsznvsel n znvpocel agpgvote`gs( @nrnh`nh`g `n sn~ peaehmg n rgpähcoe, pna gs sn~s agzoanhpgs cgaeh`e`gs rgv ~a grnve`gv he cefohe, g~ rgv fgpgnove eg háznl `g rosg( G agzoanhpg lghiop~`ohel nsu~nv`g g~ `ovnopg ï jnopg rnles vg`es sgfvn gs pvolmgs( G pvehsznvsel nsu~nv`g g~ `ovnopg ï jnopg rnlg cevvg sgfvn e rghpn( G znvpocel escnh`nhpn g~ `nscnh`nhpn ï jnopg rnlg nhvgleanhpg g~ `nsnhvgleanhpg `g cefg `n eég g~ cgvvnhpn( Gs porgs `n rghpns vglehpns zevoea na j~héãg `gs jefvocehpns n sãg iveh`ns gréþns gjnvnco`es( @n jgvae invel, es rnu~nhes päa ~ae rgpähcoe `n cevie epï 32222H -3p/ n es iveh`ns rg`na cmniev epï 5622222H -562p/( Es rghpns vglehpns rg`na snv aghpe`es na rnu~nhgs zãgs, `n ervg}oae`eanhpn =a, epï na iveh`ns zãgs u~n cmniea e 32a( 65 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Cghznhcoghg~!sn `ozo`ov es rghpns na iv~rgs( na j~héãg `e cereco`e`n `n cevie( G iv~rg lnzn nhilgfe es rghpns `n 32222 e 5>2222H -3 e 5>p/; g iv~rg aï`og, es `n 622222 e 3 >22222H / -62 e >2p/ n g iv~rg rnse`g, es `n >22222 e 5622222H ->2 e 562p/( Gs iv~rgs aï`ogs n rnse`gs sãg nu~ore`gs cga iehcmg e~}oloev hg cevvg, u~n rnvaopn aeogv znvsepolo`e`n hg lnzehpeanhpg `e cevie( >(>(5 Porgs `n rghpns vglehpns
Gs porgs aeos cga~hs sãg4 >(>(5(5 Rghpn vglehpn ergoe`e ~hozoie
@nrnh`nh`g `e cereco`e`n `g zãg, es zoies rvohcoreos rg`na snv cghspop~á`es `n zoie porg “O‑ leaohe`e g~ zoie porg “ceo}ãg‑ sgl`e`e( Rg`na eiünhpev cnvce `n 5>222 ki(
66 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 52 ! Rghpn vglehpn e rgoe`e ~hozoie
>(>(5(6 Rghpn vglehpn ergoe`e `~rle!zoie
G ervgznopeanhpg `e elp~ve ï revpoc~levanhpn zehpedgsg hnsse cghspv~éãg rg`nh`g g iehcmg `n cevie snv oée`g nhpvn es `~es zoies rvohcoreos `e rghpn vglehpn( Invelanhpn eiünhpea ~ae cevie `n epï >2222 ki(
63 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 55 ! Rghpn vglehpn e rgoe`e `~rle!zoie
>(>(5(3 Rghpn vglehpn s~srnhse
Pvehsle`ea he efe ohjnvogv `e zoie `n vgleanhpg u~n ï aghpe`e `ovnpeanhpn he nspv~p~ve `g rvï`og, ervgznopeh`g essoa g aå}oag `n elp~ve `osrgháznl n nloaoheh`g e hncnsso`e`n `n nspv~p~ve e~}oloev hg rosg( Es ervg}oaeéþns lepnveos `g iehcmg sãg anhgvns `g u~n u~elu~nv g~pvg porg `n cghspv~éãg `n rghpn vglehpn, rgos e zoie rvohcorel ezehée elïa `g zãg `g ceaohmg `n vgleanhpg, rgssofolopeh`g g aå}oag ervgznopeanhpg `e levi~ve `g rvï`og( G~pve revpoc~levo`e`n `nsse cghspv~éãg `n rghpn vglehpn ï e rgssofolo`e`n `n cgafoheéãg cga g~pves rghpns vglehpns g~ aghgzoes ~poloteh`g!sn `n ~a ôhocg ancehosag `n nlnzeéãg n pvehsleéãg `e cevie( Na invel s~rgvpea epï 52222 ki(
60 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 56 ! Rghpn vglehpn s ~srnhse
>(: Róvpocg n snaoróvpocg Róvpocgs n snaoróvpácgs sãg nu~oreanhpgs `n ~ae g~ `~es zoies, cga g~ sna pvezn na felehég( Rgss~na cgaeh`g `ns`n g rosg, rgv fgpgnoves g~ cefohe, rg`nh`g nspe snv ſt}e he zoie g~ aóznl d~hpg eg cevvg( Es znlgco`e`ns `n nlnzeéãg n pvehsleéãg sãg `n ecgv`g cga es hncnsso`e`ns( S~e cereco`e`n `n cevie cmnie epohiov =22kH n sn~ zãg cmnie epohiov 02a( G róvpocg, `nzo`g e sn~ porg `n cghspv~éãg, hãg rvncose `n hnhm~a ergog cgag g snaoróvpocg, reve snv aghpe`g, rgv ossg ï e sgl~éãg o`nel reve g pvehsrgvpn `n aepnvoeos na nsreégs lozvns g~ na rvï`ogs u~n hãg jgvea `oanhsoghe`gs reve nspn ſta(
6> yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
G róvpocg g~ snaoróvpocg `nslgcea!sn lghiop~`ohelanhpn sefvn pvolmgs, â nsu~nv`e g~ â `ovnope( Pvehsznvselanhpn, â nsu~nv`e g~ â `ovnope, sgfvn e rghpn n, znvpocelanhpn, escnh`nhpn g~ `nscnh`nhpn, epvezïs `g nhvgleanhpg `gs cefgs `n eég(
>(9 Pelmes E pelme ï aghpe`e hg cevvg pvgllny n ï vnsrgsåznl rnlg agzoanhpg `n nlnzeéãg `e rghpn vglehpn( Invelanhpn e pelme ~polote ~a cefg `n eég reve lnzehpev ~a flgcg `n iehcmg g~ `osrgsopozg `n nlnzeéãg( Reve revev g agzoanhpg `n nlnzeéãg ï ~polote`g ~a agpgv nlïpvocg cga jvnog cmeae`g `n agpgjvnog(
6: yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 53 ! Zospe n}rlg`o`e `n ~ae pelme `n cgvvnhpn
: @OCES @N SNI^VEHÉE HE GRNVEÉÃG @N PELMES N RGHPNS VGLEHPNS
Nsp~`ev g aeh~el `n ohspv~éþns `g jefvocehpn, ansag u~n zgcä snde ~a n}rnvonhpn grnve`gv `n pelmes( Aehpnv snarvn e pelme cnhpvelote`e sgfvn e cevie ehpns `g oéeanhpg( Pveéãg lepnvel n}cnssoze rg`n `ehojocev e pelme, g pvgln g~ e cgvvnhpn `n cevie( Hãg pvehsrgvpn cevies lepnvelanhpn( H~hce pgvcnv e cgvvnhpn g~ zovev g flgcg ohjnvogv eg cghpvåvog( H~hce nhvgln ~ae cgvvnhpn `n vglnpns( 69 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Rvgcn`nv snarvn ~ae ohsrnéãg zos~el `e pelme ehpns `n ohocoev ~ae grnveéãg, u~n ohcl~o gs iehcmgs, e cgvvnhpn `n cevie, cmezns loaope`gves n jvnogs( Cnvpojou~n!sn `n u~n gs ansags sn nhcghpvea na cgh`oéþns `n grnveéãg( H~hce ~sev e cgvvnhpn `n cevie cgag ~ae lohie( ^polotev snarvn lohies ervgrvoe`es( H~hce n}cn`nv e cereco`e`n `n cevie `e pelme( N}ospn ~a ag`nlg ervgrvoe`g reve ce`e pevnje( Cnvpojou~n!sn u~n gs s~rgvpns `n s~srnhsãg nspãg `oanhsoghe`gs reve e cevie e snv oée`e( Na cesg `n `ôzo`es hãg vnelotev e grnveéãg( Hãg grnvev ~ae pelme epï gs loaopns n}pvnags `e cgvvnhpn `n cevie( E cmezn loaope`gve `nspohe!sn sganhpn e reve`es `n joa `n c~vsg( H~hce `no}ev cevies s~srnhses rgv lghig rnvág`g g~ u~eh`g g grnve`gv hãg nspoznv rvnsnhpn( ^polotev ~a vncglmn`gv `n cgvvnhpns, u~eh`g hncnssåvog( H~hce cglo`ov e pelme cga g~pves pelmes g~ gfdnpgs( H~hce ~polotev ~ae pelme reve pvehsrgvpev rnssges( H~hce pvehsrgvpev cevies sgfvn rnssges( Lnzehpev c~o`e`gseanhpn e cevie( H~hce lnzehpev egs pvehcgs( Snarvn jeée e nlnzeéãg `e cevie na lohme vnpe( H~hce na æhi~lgs( H~hce ~polotev ~ae pelme elïa `n sn~ coclg rvgdnpe`g `n pvefelmg( Hãg ecoghn e pelme na sglezehcgs `nshncnssåvogs( Essni~vev u~n e cevie nspnde lozvn reve agzoanhpeéãg( E åvne `nzn nspev `nsgfspv~á`e( Essni~vn!sn snarvn u~n e åvne `n `nsnafevu~n nspnde `nsgfspv~á`e( Essni~vev!sn u~n e cevie nspå nu~olofve`e n rvnse he cgvvnhpn `n cevie( Essni~vev!sn u~n e lohie ï rvórvoe reve e cevie n sn g iehcmg ï rvórvog n u~n nspnde jncme`g( Eg grnvev e pelme, nspev epnhpg eg agzoanhpg `e cevie reve nzopev eco`nhpns cga rnssges u~n rgssea nspev resseh`g rnlg lgcel( ^polotev g fga snhsg hg pvehsrgvpn `n cevies, gfsnvzeh`g gh`n nle nspå oh`g( Essni~vev!sn u~n e cgvvnhpn `n cevie nspå fna essnhpe`e `n aehnove ervgrvoe`e hg cðhcezg `g iehcmg n cga e pveze jncme`e( 6= yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
9 SOSPNAES @N EAEVVEÉÃG @N CEVIE 5(5 U~el lohie reve u~el erloceéãg7 Reve agzoanhpev cevies cga anogs `n nlnzeéãg sãg ~polote`gs lohies n `osrgsopozgs `n agzoanhpeéãg( Es Lohies sãg, rgv n}narlg4 cefgs, cgvvnhpns, cohpes n leégs sohpïpocgs( Rgv anog `nles ï u~n jetnags g ecgrleanhpg `e cevie eg anog `n nlnzeéãg( @osrgsopozgs `n agzoanhpeéãg sãg eu~nlns u~n jetna ~a ecgrleanhpg `ovnpg g~ ansag epvezïs `n ~ae Lohie â cevie( Sãg cghso`nve`gs `osrgsopozgs `n agzoanhpeéãg4 iehcmgs n ievves nsrncoeos, s~rgvpns reve nlnpvgoaãs, pveznssþns, npc( E nscglme `e Lohie `nznvoe snv jnope rnle nhinhmevoe `n rvg`~éãg g~ rnlg rlehndeanhpg, aes he aeogvoe `es zntns, u~na pna `n nscglmnv ï g rvórvog agzoanhpe`gv(
Joi~ve 50 ! G cefg ï resse`g rgv feo}g `e cevie n e c gvvnhpn e s~rgvpe cga anhgv `nsiespn
6? yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Erlocåznos sãg4 …
Cefgs `n Eég4 reve cevies cga s~rnvjácon lose, glngse g~ nscgvvnie`oe,
essoa cgag leégs `n cefg `n eég cga iehcmgs reve erloceéãg hgs glmeos `e cevie( …
Cgvvnhpns4 reve aepnvoeos na elpes pnarnvep~ves n cevies u~n hãg pnhmea
cmeres g~ rnvjos( Lohies `n cgvvnhpn cga iehcmg rg`na snv ecgrle`gs egs glmeos `e cevie( …
Cohpes n Leégs Sohpïpocgs4 reve cevies cga s~rnvjácons n}pvnaeanhpn
nscgvvnie`oes g~ snhsáznos, cgag rgv n}narlg, coloh`vgs `n celeh`veina, no}gs, rnées rvghpes n rohpe`es( …
Cgv`es `n Sosel n Sohpïpoces4 reve cevies cga s~rnvjácon snhsáznl, `n feo}g
rnsg, cgag p~fgs, rnées `n eu~ncoanhpg n vnjvoinveéãg g~ g~pves rnées ressáznos `n eaesseanhpg( …
Cgafoheéãg Cefg n cgvvnhpn4 reve g pvehsrgvpn `n rnvjos n pvnjole`gs( Hnspn
cesg e cgvvnhpn `nzn jocev he åvne `n `nsiespn gh`n rgssoznlanhpn n}ospea cehpgs zozgs n g cefg joce hes n}pvnao`e`ns n}nvcnh`g j~héãg `n s~rgvpn n jecolopeh`g e resseina `e Lohie rgv feo}g `es cevies(
Hãg erlocåznos sãg4 …
…
…
Cefgs `n Eég4 reve aepnvoeos cga cehpgs zozgs g~ na elpes pnarnvep~ves( Cgvvnhpns4 reve cevies cga s~rnvjácon lose g~ nscgvvnie`oe( Cohpes n Leégs Sohpïpocgs4 reve cehpgs zozgs n cevies na elpes
pnarnvep~ves(
32 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 5> ! Pvehsrgvpn ~seh`g cohpes
Reve g pvehsrgvpn `n cmeres he rnvrnh`oc~lev `nznags ~sev iveargs rnie!cmere( @ns`n efvol `n 5?9? ï gfvoiepóvog u~n nspns iehcmgs pnhmea ~ae pveze( E rnie -efnvp~ve/ `g ivearg `nzn snv oh`oce`e he rvórvoe rnée( Reve g pvehsrgvpn `n cmeres `nznags ~sev snarvn `gos iveargs u~n pnhmea ~ae rnie cgarepáznl cga e nsrnss~ve `e cmere( Gs `gos iveargs sãg hncnssåvogs reve u~n sn ievehpe e nspefolo`e`n `e cevie, rgos, sn e cmere felehée, es vehm~ves `e ievve `nsiespea vero`eanhpn, rg`nh`g sn u~nfvev hgs cehpgs( Ehpns `n agzoanhpev, snarvn pvezev gs iveargs( Reve g pvehsrgvpn `n rnvjos n}ospna `oznvsgs porgs `n `osrgsopozgs `n agzoanhpeéãg, gs u~eos hna snarvn sãg `gpe`gs `n pvezes u~n hãg rnvaopea u~n e cevie sn sglpn( Nspns `osrgsopozgs sãg rvgdnpe`gs reve cevies nsrncájoces n só `nzna snv ~se`gs reve es u~eos jgvea cghspv~á`gs( Peafïa reve agzoanhpev es cmeres he mgvotghpel, `nznags ~sev iveargs cga pveze, rgos cmeres johes pnh`na e sn `gfvev g u~n rg`n jetnv cga u~n sn sglpna `gs iveargs n ceoea(
5(6 Cgv`es Es cgv`es sãg g aeos ehpoig porg `n Lohie, u~n sn cghmncn( Nles sãg rvg`~to`es e revpov `n jofves u~n sãg pgvco`es, pvehée`es g~ nhcere`es( 35 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Ehpoieanhpn es jofves u~n sn ~polotezea he jefvoceéãg `n cgv`es nvea jofves hep~veos cgag Sosel g~ Cæhmeag( Mgdn nspes jofves sãg s~fspop~á`es rgv jofves sohpïpoces cgag Rgloeao`e, Rglonspnv g~ Rglorvgrolnhg u~n âs zntns sãg cganvcoelote`es cga hgans cganvcoeos cgag hylgh, `oglnh, pvnzove n g~pvgs( Cgag `ojnvnhcoev es `oznvses jofves4
^ae znt u~n n}ospna `oznvsgs porgs `n jofves cga `ojnvnhpns cereco`e`ns, ï hncnssåvog u~n sn seofe u~el ï e jofve reve sn cghmncnv s~e cereco`e`n `n cevie( Na cgv`es, e revpov `n 3aa `n `oæanpvg `nznags pnv ~ae joleée `n ~ae `npnvaohe`e cgv reve o`nhpojocev e jofve aes, cgv`es efeo}g `n 5:aa `n `oæanpvg, sãg a~opg johes n hãg `nzna snv ~polote`es reve agzoanhpeéãg( Na cgv`es e revpov `n 5:aa `nznvoe meznv o`nhpojoceéãg `g jefvocehpn n `g ehg `n jefvoceéãg( Rgv hgvaeloteéãg ohpnvhecoghel es cgvns u~n o`nhpojocea es jofves sãg4 Cæhmeag !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Znv`n Sosel !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Znvanlmg Cæhmeag `n Aeholme !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Rvnpg Rgloeao`e !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Znv`n Rglonspnv !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Et~l Rglorvgrolnhg!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Aevvga E cgv znv`n, reve cæhmeag n rgloeao`e, hãg ï ressáznl `n snv cghj~h`o`e ~ae znt u~n g cæhmeag pna ~a ecefeanhpg vôspocg n e rgloeao`e ~a ecefeanhpg a~opg losg(
36 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 5: ! Eli~hs porgs `n cgv`es
5(3 Cefgs `n eég Pnvaohglgioe4 RNVHE ! Ï g eiv~reanhpg `n eveans pgvco`gs `n ~a cefg( ELAE ! Ï g hôclng `g cefg `n eég(
^a cefg ï jnopg cga `oznvses rnvhes na vn`gv `n ~a hôclng g~ elae( LNOP^VE ! N}narlg4 cefg : } 5?
G rvoanovg hôanvg - : / vnrvnsnhpe e u~ehpo`e`n `n rnvhes `n u~n ï cghspop~á`g( 33 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
G sni~h`g hôanvg - 5? / nsrncojoce e u~ehpo`e`n `n eveans u~n cgarþn ce`e rnvhe( Rgvpehpg, g cefg : } 5? pna : rnvhes, pnh`g ce`e ~ae `nles 5? jogs g~ snde ~a pgpel `n 550 jogs(
Joi~ve 59 ! Cefg `n eég `g n}narlg
9(5(5 Clessojoceéãg u~ehpg â Elae EJ ! Elae `n jofve -cehmeag/ aeogv jln}ofolo`e`n( EE ! Elae `n Eég ! aeogv vnsospähcoe â pveéãg( EECO ! Elae `n Eég cga Cefg Oh`nrnh`nhpn4 cgafoheéãg `n jln}ofolo`e`n cga
vnsospähcoe â pveéãg( Hgpe4 Gs cefgs EE -Elae `n eég/ pna 9,>. `n vnsospähcoe â pveéãg e aeos n 52.
hg rnsg na vnleéãg egs EJ -elae `n jofve/( 9(5(6 Pgvéãg ∖
Pgvéãg â @OVNOPE4 u~eh`g es rnvhes sãg pgvco`es `e nsu~nv`e reve e
`ovnope( ∖
Pgvéãg â NSU^NV@E4 u~eh`g es rnvhes sãg pgvco`es `e `ovnope reve e
nsu~nv`e(
Joi~ve 5= ! Pgvéãg `es rnvhes `gs cefgs `n eég
30 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
∖
Pgvéãg VNI^LEV4 u~eh`g gs jogs `n ce`e rnvhe sãg pgvco`gs na snhpo`g
grgspg å pgvéãg `es rvórvoes rnvhes -na cv~t/( Aeogv nspefolo`e`n( ∖
Pgvéãg LEHI4 u~eh`g gs jogs n es rnvhes sãg pgvco`es he ansae `ovnéãg
-revelnlg/( E pgvéãg LEHI pna rgv cevecpnváspoce g e~anhpg `e vnsospähcoe â efvesãg n `e jln}ofolo`e`n `g cefg(
Joi~ve 5? ! Lehi hgs cefgs `n eég
Cefgs `n eég cga elpe cereco`e`n `n cevie sãg cghspv~á`gs e revpov `n eveans pvnjole`gs e jvog cga ~ae vnsospähcoe `n 5992 aa6 Eveans oh`ozo`~eos sãg pvehée`gs rvoanoveanhpn reve jgvaev ~ae rnvhe n nspes rnvhes rgv s~e znt sãg pvehée`es reve jgvaev g cefg `n eég( G evean oh`ozo`~el joce h~ae mnlocgo`el `~rle, snh`g e rvoanove he rnvhe n e sni~h`e he pgvcn`~ve `g cefg( Cga erloceéãg `n cevie hg cefg ï jnope ~ae elpnveéãg hg sn~ zgl~an, g u~n sn n}rloce rnle ecgag`eéãg `es rnvhes sgfvn e elae, cga ossg g `oæanpvg `g cefg ï vn`~to`g( Reve ergog `es rnvhes n}ospn, hg ohpnvogv `g cefg, ~ae elae u~n rg`n snv jnope e revpov `n jofves hep~veos, sohpïpoces g~ `n eég( E elae hãg pna sganhpn j~héãg `n ergog, aes j~hcoghe peafïa cgag vnsnvzepóvog `n ólng( U~eh`g g cefg ï sglocope`g, es rnvhes cgarvoana e elae u~n lofnve g ólng, cga ossg g epvopg `nhpvg `g cefg ï vn`~to`g( Cefgs znlmgs gh`n g ólng då jgo cghs~ao`g n cefgs u~n pvefelmea na pnarnvep~ve u~n då rnv`nvea sn~ ólng rgv nzergveéãg eoh`e hãg rnv`nvea vnsospähcoe aes, rnv`nvea zo`e ôpol( Rgv ossg `nznags rnvog`oceanhpn l~fvojocev gs cefgs n}pnvheanhpn cga ólng e`nu~e`g(
3> yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
^a ôhocg evean vgaro`g ï `n rg~ce oargvpæhcoe rgos lgig e jvnhpn nspevå rvnhse`g nhpvn g~pvgs n eoh`e cghpvof~oh`g reve e cereco`e`n `n cevie( Sganhpn u~eh`g pnags zåvogs eveans vgaro`gs ï u~n e cereco`e`n `n cevie `oaoh~o( Eu~o, joce `naghspve`e ~ae fge cevecpnváspoce `g cefg `n eég( Nln h~hce sn vgarn sna u~n ehpns zåvogs eveans sn vgarea( G cefg `n eég, mefop~elanhpn, ï cgargspg `n snos rnvhes n `e elae u~n vnpïa g l~fvojocehpn( G cefg essoa cgargspg ï ~polote`g reve Lohies, i~oh`espns g~ pelmes( Nln pna ~ae fge `njgvao`e`n n, rgvpehpg, ï erlocåznl reve `oznvses johelo`e`ns( Cefgs `n eég jefvoce`gs na nsrovel -cgv`gelmes/ g~ ~ae rnvhe soarlns, hãg `nzna snv ~polote`gs reve agzoanhpeéãg, rgos pna ~ae nspv~p~ve a~opg váio`e n sãg jnopgs ernhes reve pnhsogheanhpg( G porg aeos jln}áznl ï g cefg `n eég u~n ï cgargspg `n `oznvses rnvhes n `e elae( E elae hg ohpnvogv n e `ojnvnhée `n åvne anpåloce jetna cga u~n h~a ansag `oæanpvg, e cgv`gelme pnhme ~ae aeogv cereco`e`n `n cevie u~n g cefg( 9(5(3 Jln}ofolo`e`n
E jln}ofolo`e`n nspå cgh`ocoghe`e eg hôanvg `n eveans u~n g cgarþn( Sãg gs cefgs clessojoce`gs na4 e/Rnu~nhe jln}ofolo`e`n4 cghspv~éãg 3 } 9, : } 9, 5 } 9 -cgv`gelme/; f/Jln}áznos4 cghspv~éãg : } 5?, : } 65, : } 6>, = } 5?, 5= } 9; c/N}pve jln}áznl4 cghspv~éãg : } 35, : } 39, : } 05, : } 03, : } 09, : } :5(
9(5(0 Porgs YEVVOHIPGH ! Rnvhes `g cefg cghspv~á`es cga `~es fopgles `n eveans; fespehpn
jln}áznl n anhgs vnsospnhpn eg `nsiespn, rgos gs eveans aeos johgs nhcghpvea!sn he rnvojnvoe( SNELN ! Rnvhes `g cefg cghspv~á`es cga pväs fopgles `n evean, snh`g g cefg
anhgs jln}áznl `e sïvon, rgvïa aeos vnsospnhpn eg `nsiespn â efvesãg( JOLLNV ! Rnvhes `g cefg cghspv~á`es cga zohpn n cohcg eveans -snos `n
nhcmoanhpg/ ervnsnhpeh`g fge jln}ofolo`e`n(
3: yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
CGA^A ! Es rnvhes `g cefg sãg cghspv~á`es rgv ~a só porg `n evean( Ï ~a pnvag
ohpnvan`oåvog nhpvn e jln}ofolo`e`n n vnsospähcoe eg `nsiespn, `gs g~pvgs porgs ecoae(
Joi~ve 62 ! Porgs `n cefgs `n eég
Reve `njohov e cevie `n pvefelmg `n ~a cefg rnlg sn~ `oæanpvg `nznags an`o!lg, cghjgvan `naghspve`g he joi~ve efeo}g(
Joi~ve 65 ! Cgag an`ov cefgs `n eég
Cefgs då ~polote`gs na i~oh`espns g~ g~pvgs anogs `n nlnzeéãg hãg rg`na snv ~polote`gs hgzeanhpn h~ae cgargsoéãg `n Lohie( Nln rg`n pnv ~a iveh`n `nsiespn ohpnvhg u~n hãg ï zosáznl n}pnvheanhpn( 39 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
9(5(> Pefnle `n @oæanpvgs O`neos `n Peafgvns n Rgloes
Sni~na gs `oæanpvgs o`neos `es rgloes g~ peafgvns cghjgvan e jgvaeéãg `g cefg4 @oæanpvg `g Peafgv g~ Rgloe Porg `n Cefg
AáhoagVncganh`e`g
:}9
06 zntns g ∎ `g cefg 96 zntns
: } 5?
32 zntns g ∎ `g cefg >5 zntns
: } 6>
32 zntns g ∎ `g cefg 0> zntns
: } 39, 05, 03
5= zntns g ∎ `g cefg 69 zntns
= } 5?
65 zntns g ∎ `g cefg 35 zntns
5= } 9
30 zntns g ∎ `g cefg >5 zntns
9(5(: Vnsospähcoe `gs Cefgs `n Eég
E vnsospähcoe pnóvoce `gs cefgs sn `npnvaohe sgaeh`g!sn e vnsospähcoe `gs eveans u~n g cgarþn, n}cl~oh`g!sn es elaes `gs ansags, u~nv sndea `n eég g~ `n jofve( E cevie `n v~rp~ve njnpoze `oaoh~o cghjgvan e~anhpe g hôanvg `n eveans4 N}narlgs4 e/ Cgv`gelmes 3 e 9 jogs, vnsospähcoe njnpoze ?:. `e pnóvoce f/ Cgv`gelmes 5? jogs, vnsospähcoe njnpoze ?0. `e pnóvoce c/ Cefgs :}9, :}6>, =}5?, vnsospähcoe njnpoze =>. `e pnóvoce `/ Cefgs :}39, :}05, vnsospähcoe njnpoze =2. `e pnóvoce n/ Cefgs :}06, :}03, :}09, :}:5, vnsosp( njnpoze 96. `e pnóvoce E cevie `n pvefelmg `n ~a cefg na agzoanhpg ï 5'> -~a u~ohpg/ `n s~e cevie `n v~rp~ve aáhoae( G jepgv `n sni~vehée ï e vnleéãg nhpvn e cevie `n v~rp~ve aáhoae n e cevie erloce`e( N}narlg4 e/ Cgv`gelmes n cefgs nspåpocgs,
jepgv 3 e 0
f/ Cefgs pveéãg mgvotghpel,
jepgv 0 e > 3= yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
c/ Cefgs r' i~ohcmgs n pnvverleh(,
jepgv >
`/ Rghpns vglehpns, pelmes nlïpvoces,
jepgv : e =
n/ Nlnze`gvns feo}e znlgco`e`n,
jepgv = e 52
j/ Nlnze`gvns elpe znlgco`e`n,
jepgv 52 e 5:
Rvï!jgvaeéãg4
Ï rvgcnssg `n jefvoceéãg c~de johelo`e`n ï e `n nloaohev es pnhsþns ohpnvhes n pgvéþns ohnvnhpns egs eveans `n elpg cevfghg, ~polote`gs he jefvoceéãg `n cefgs `n eég( Es rnvhes `gs cefgs rvï!jgvae`gs sn ecgag`ea he rgsoéãg Mnlocgo`el u~n gc~rea hg cghd~hpg( Sãg es sni~ohpns es zehpeinhs ervnsnhpe`es rnlgs cefgs rvï!jgvae`gs4 e/ e~anhpg â jln}ofolo`e`n; f/ aeogv vnsospähcoe â je`oie `n jln}ãg; c/ nloaoheéãg `es pnhsþns ohpnvhes; `/ aeh~pnhéãg he s~e rgsoéãg gvoiohel `gs eveans u~n sn u~nfvea, hãg sn `nsjoeh`g; n/ g hãg `nsnhvgleanhpg `es n}pvnao`e`ns cgvpe`es(
9(6 Cohpes Es cohpes `n agzoanhpeéãg sãg jefvoce`es e revpov `n jofves sohpïpoces( Cga vnleéãg eg sn~ rvórvog rnsg, es cohpes päa ~ae cereco`e`n `n cevie n hãg rvnd~`ocea e s~e s~rnvjácon(
3? yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 66 ! Cohpe `n rglonspnv cga npou~npe
Es cohpes `n rglonspnv `nzna pnv ~ae npou~npe et~l reve u~n sndea vncghmnco`es( Nles päa ~ae fge vnsospähcoe u~ehpg â l~t n celgv n peafïa åco`gs sglznhpns( Nles päa peafïa ~ae fge nlespoco`e`n, g u~n jet cga u~n snde g porg `n cohpe aeos ~polote`e( Nle só hãg vnsospn â fesn n rgv ossg hãg `nzn snv leze`e cga sefãg( Es cohpes `n rgloeao`e `nzna pnv ~ae npou~npe znv`n `n o`nhpojoceéãg n sãg vnsospnhpns â fesns( E `nszehpeina `es cohpes `n rgloeao`e nspå hg jepg `n u~n nles efsgvzna a~ope åi~e na eafonhpns ôao`gs g u~n vn`~t s~e cereco`e`n( Nspe ec~a~leéãg `n åi~e rg`n peafïa jetnv cga u~n na `oes a~opg jvogs nle rgsse sn nhvodncnv -cghinlev/ n jocev u~nfve`oée( Cohpes `n agzoanhpeéãg jnopes `n rglorvgrolnhg -npou~npe aevvga/ pna ~ae feo}e cereco`e`n `n cevie, lnzeh`g!sn na cghpe sn~ rnsg rvórvog, n sãg rg~cg jln}áznos( Aes nles päa ~ae fge vnsospähcoe u~áaoce n sãg ~polote`es na cesgs nsrncoeos( G H_LGH ï e aeos jgvpn `es jofves sohpïpoces n ervnsnhpe ~ae elpe cereco`e`n `n efsgvéãg `n jgvée, elïa `n n}cnrcoghel vnsospähcoe e s~cnssozgs cevvnieanhpgs( Reve ~poloteéãg `n cohpes na fehmgs u~áaocgs, g jefvocehpn `nznvoe snv cghs~lpe`g reve aeogvns nsclevncoanhpgs( Es jgvaes aeos cga~hs `n cohpes sãg4 …
cnspg sna joa
…
cga glmeos sna vnjgvég 02 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
…
cga glmeos vnjgvée`gs
…
cga pnvaoheos anpålocgs
Hg cesg `n pnvaoheos anpålocgs, nlns `nzna snv jnopgs `n jgvae u~n snde rgssáznl ressev ~a rnlg g~pvg reve u~n sn rgsse jetnv ~ae leée`e( @nzo`g eg nhznlmncoanhpg `es jofves, na nsrncoel u~eh`g ~se`es eg ev lozvn g~ na fehmgs u~áaocgs, e `epe `n jefvoceéãg `es cohpes `nzn nspev he npou~npe( Reve vn`~tov g epvopg n reve nzopev cgvpns hes cohpes rg`nags ~sev vnznspoanhpgs cga aepnvoeos sohpïpocgs vnsospnhpns, na nsrncoel `n rglo~vnpehg( Hgvaelanhpn nspns `n rnvjos sãg ed~spåznos â cohpe(
Joi~ve 63 ! Lnzehpeanhpg `n cevie ~poloteh`g ~ae cohpe
Reve ~poloteéãg `n cohpes n}ospna eli~aes vnives nsrncoeos4 05 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
…
U~eh`g sn nlnze ~ae cevie, g æhi~lg `n efnvp~ve nhpvn es rghpes `e cohpe hãg `nzn ~lpveressev 562´(
…
Sganhpn cohpes cga glmeos vnjgvée`gs rg`na snv ~polote`es na leég(
…
Reve ~polotev `oznvses cohpes h~a pveznssãg pg`es `nzna nspev h~ae rnvhe
…
rnvrnh`oc~lev reve hãg meznv nsjgvég aeogv h~ae `es rnvhes( Es cevies hãg rg`na snv `nrgsope`es sgfvn es cohpes reve u~n hãg sndea `ehojoce`es(
…
…
Hãg sn rg`n `ev hó hes cohpes( Erós ~poloteéãg na fehmgs u~áaocgs, es cohpes `nzna snv hn~pvelote`es n nh}ei~e`es reve u~n hãg mede cghcnhpveéãg u~áaoce(
9(6(5 Sni~vehée peafïa vnu~nv Ohsrnéãg
Es cohpes `nzna snv n}eaohe`es na ohpnvzelgs hãg s~rnvogvns e `~es snaehes, u~eh`g ~se`es na lnzehpeanhpgs inveos `n `ojnvnhpns porgs `n cevies( 5´( Cglgu~n e cohpe na ~ae s~rnvjácon rlehe cga åvne ervgrvoe`e( 6´( N}eaohn gs `gos le`gs `e cohpe( 3´( Cohpes porg Ehnl `nzna snv n}eaohe`es na pg`g sn~ cgarvoanhpg n rnváanpvg( 0´( Es elées `gs glmeos `nzna snv n}eaohe`es revpoc~lev n c~o`e`gseanhpn( >´( Pg`g nu~oreanhpg `nzn snv n}eaohe`g sganhpn rgv ~ae rnssge,`nsoihe`e
reve nspe ohsrnéãg( 9(6(6 52 opnhs reve ~a lnzehpeanhpg sni~vg 4
5( Hãg n}cn`nv âs nsrncojoceéþns `g jefvocehpn, hes loaopeéþns `n rnsg n nspefolo`e`n( 6( H~hce erlou~n ~ae sgfvncevie hg nu~oreanhpg `n nlnzeéãg( 3( ^ae grnveéãg s~ezn n felehcne`e vnh`n a~opg aeos, elïa `n nzopev `nsiespn `g nu~oreanhpg n eco`nhpns( 0( H~hce ~sn cohpes ezevevoe`es( >( Rgsocoghev e cohpe cgvvnpeanhpn he cevie, reve rvgrocoev ~ae jåcol vnagéãg, erós g ~sg( :( Hãg `no}n e cevie na cghpepg `ovnpg cga g rosg( Cglgu~n celégs eg `nscevvniå!le reve anlmgv rg`nv nlnzå!le( 06 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
9( Hãg rgsocoghn e cohpe na cehpgs ei~`gs g~ cgvpehpns( =( ^polotn iehcmgs cga ~a veog `n ergog h~hce ohjnvogv e “5‑, `n snéãg lose n vn`gh`e( ?( Nzopn e cglgceéãg `n aeos `n 5 rev `n cohpes, hg ansag iehcmg( 52( U~eh`g nlnzev ~ae cevie rnse`e cga aeos `n ~ae cohpe, znvojou~n sn g pgpel `g rnsg nspå fna `ospvof~á`g he pnhsãg `gs zïvpocns `e cohpe( 9(6(3 Jgvaes `n Lnzehpeanhpg
Es cohpes nlnzea n agzoanhpea s~e cevie na u~elu~nv ~ae `es u~epvg jgvaes `ojnvnhpns `n lnzehpeanhpg ol~spve`g (Eli~aes cohpes sãg nsrncojoceanhpn `nsoihe`es reve snvna ~polote`es na sganhpn ~a porg `n lnzehpeanhpg(
Joi~ve 60 ! Jgvaes `n ~poloteéãg `es cohpes
9(3 Cgvvnhpns reve Lohies Cgvvnhpns sãg jefvoce`es na `oznvses jgvaes n u~elo`e`ns( Rvoanoveanhpn gs nlgs sãg `gfve`gs n `nrgos sgl`e`gs( Rgspnvogvanhpn ï jnopg g pvepeanhpg pïvaocg -cgvvnhpns `n ive~/ n nhseog `n pveéãg( @oznvsgs pnspns sãg jnopgs `~vehpn n erós e jefvoceéãg reve u~n es cgvvnhpns sndea cnvpojoce`es( @~vehpne rvg`~éãg, eli~hs nlgs sãg `gfve`gs na `oznvsgs snhpo`gs reve znvojocev e sgl`e n erós e rvg`~éãg n pvepeanhpg pïvaocg, sãg vnelote`gs pnspns `n pveéãg n v~rp~ve( G ressg `n ~a nlg ï g sn~ cgarvoanhpg ohpnvhg( Sganhpn cgvvnhpns u~n pnhmea nlgs cga ressg oi~el e pväs zntns g sn~ `oæanpvg rg`na snv ~polote`es reve agzoanhpeéãg n eaevveéãg `n cevies( Nspe vnive sn n}rloce rnlg jepg `n u~n cgvvnhpns essoa cghspv~á`es, u~eh`g erloce`es na æhi~lgs vnpgs, gs nlgs sn eróoea hgs nlgs zotohmgs, nzopeh`g essoa u~n e cgvvnhpn sn `gfvn( 03 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
9(3(5 Cgvvnhpns Sgl`e`es
Cga~hs, Ielzehote`es, Celofve`es -Nsrncoeos reve Pelmes/
Joi~ve 6> ! Cgvvnhpn `n eég jgvde`g n eaevves epï 3&
9(3(6 Cgvvnhpns Jgvde`es
Pefnle `n An`o`es n Rnsgs Ervg}oae`gs
Es cgvvnhpns celofve`es päa es an`o`es n}epes, sãg pnspe`es na aåu~ohes `n rvgzes `n ecgv`g cga e pefnle ecoae n cga g cgnjoconhpn 6, g~ snde, 522. `e cevie e`aossáznl -cevie `n sni~vehée/ 9(3(3 Lohies `n Cgvvnhpns
Lohies soarlns ! na eég jgvde`g ~se`es na j~h`oéþns, Rghpns vglehpns, Narvnopnovgs `n Cghspv~éãg n reve pg`gs gs pvefelmgs gh`n sn pgvhea hncnssåvogs I~oh`espns
00 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
reve vnagéãg `n aepnvoel, cgag cevies n `nscevies `n hezogs n ceaohmþns( Sni~n pefnle `n cevies `n pvefelmg(
Joi~ve 6: ! Lohies `n Cgvvnhpns
U~e`vg `n Cevies `n Pvefelmg
0> yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
Joi~ve 69 ! Lohies @~rles, Pvorles, U~e`v~rles, npc
9(0 Lohies Cgafohe`es Reve e agzoanhpeéãg `n cevies pnags elpnvhepozes reve anlmgvev e `~vefolo`e`n, jecolopev g aeh~snog n peafïa rg~rev e cevie( Rg`nags cghsni~ov ossg cgafoheh`g `oznvsgs aepnvoeos( 9(0(5 Cefg ! cgvvnhpn ! cefg4
^se!sn g cefg reve ressev rgv feo}g `e cevie( E revpn u~n nhzglzn e cevie ï ~ae cgvvnhpn `n ive~ = g u~n, rgv n}narlg, hg pvehsrgvpn `n pvnjole`gs ievehpn ~ae fge `~vefolo`e`n n fghs c~spgs( 0: yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
9(0(6 Cgvvnhpn cga nhc~vpe`gv ! cefg(
U~eh`g g cefg ï hncnssåvog reve u~n sn nhzglze e cevie n rvncoseags peafïa `n ed~spn hg cgarvoanhpg `e Lohie, ~seags nspe cgafoheéãg( 9(0(3 Cgvvnhpn ! cohpes(
Es cohpes sãg ~polote`es rvohcorelanhpn hg pvehsrgvpn `n rnées ecefe`es g~ snao! ecefe`es gh`n e s~rnvjácon hãg rg`n snv `ehojoce`e( Cga nsse cgafoheéãg pnags e zehpeina `e `~vefolo`e`n `e cgvvnhpn n `e jecolo`e`n `n s~fspop~ov e cohpe u~eh`g hncnssåvog( Jgve e rgssofolo`e`n `n ed~spn hg cgarvoanhpg `e Lohie ~seh`g ievves `n nhc~vpeanhpg( 9(0(0 Cgvvnhpn ! leég sohpïpocg
Essoa cgag e cohpe, g leég sohpïpocg rg`n snv cghd~ie`g cga e cgvvnhpn n sn~s ecnssóvogs n aehpnv e fge cevecpnváspoce `g leég u~n ï e `n rg~rev e cevie `n `ehgs s~rnvjocoeos( Na Lohies cgafohe`es `nznags epnhpev reve u~n e rleu~npe `n o`nhpojoceéãg snde jnope `n ecgv`g cga e revpn aeos jvåiol `e Lohie( H~hce cghso`nvev e cevie rnlg `oanhsoghel `e cgvvnhpn, rgos hnspns cesgs hgvaelanhpn nle nspå s~rnv `oanhsoghe`e cga vnleéãg egs g~pvgs aepnvoeos erloce`gs( 9(0(> Cgafoheéãg cgvvnhpn + cohpe
9(> Ag`gs `n Agzoanhpeéãg Reve njnopg `n cålc~lgs ~seags, cgag n}narlg, snarvn Lohies u~n cgargvpea 5222Ki rgv rnvhe( cgvvnhpn 52aa ive~ 6 …
…
cefg `n eég 56aa 09 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
…
cgv`e `n rglorvgrolnhg 60aa
…
cgvvnhpn =aa ive~ >
…
cgvvnhpn :aa ive~ =
@nznags `naghspvev cga ospg g u~ehpg e cevie rg`n rnsev na ce`e ag`g `n grnveéãg(
…
…
E agzoanhpeéãg cga Lohies `n ~ae rnvhe ï aeos soarlns( E cevie rg`n snv oi~el e cereco`e`n `n cevie `e rnvhe(
E agzoanhpeéãg cga Lohies `n `~es rnvhes( U~ehpg aeogv e ehi~leéãg anhgv e cereco`e`n `n cevie `e Lohie rgos es jgvées vns~lpehpns sãg Cvnscnhpns
0= yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
…
Lohie na cnspg rnvrnh`oc~lev â cevie rg`n pnv g rnsg oi~el e cereco`e`n `n u~epvg rnvhes oh`nrnh`nhpns sgae`es( Aes ossg sganhpn sn g `oæanpvg `e rnée jgv iveh`n g s~joconhpn n hãg mg~znv cehpgs zozgs( Só rg`n snv ~se`e u~eh`g hãg mg~znv voscg `e cevie nscgvvniev
@gos leégs na rnvrnh`oc~lev, rgv ce~se `e jgvée erloce`e hg lehéeanhpg( @nznags cghpev cga ernhes =2. `e cereco`e`n `e cevie(
…
…
Cnspg `~rlg cga ehi~leéãg4 rgv ce~se `e ehi~leéãg hãg rg`nags cghpev cga e cereco`e`n `n 0 rnvhes oh`ozo`~eos -0}922ki/( U~eh`g pnags Lohies `n u~epvg rnvhes rg`nags ernhes cghpev cgag sn jgssna pväs rnvhes rgvpehpg, e anhgs u~n sn pnhme cnvpnte `n u~n es u~epvg rnvhes nspndea oi~elanhpn cevvnie`es(
0? yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
…
@gos leégs cga ehi~leéãg4 e cevie nspå `nrgsope`e na `~es rnvhes( @nznags cghs~lpev e pefnle n znv u~el g `oæanpvg n u~el e ehi~leéãg pnags n rgspnvogvanhpn `nscghpev 62. `e cereco`e`n `n cevie rgv ce~se `g leéeanhpg(
…
Sn ~polotevags ~ae Lohie na cnspg gh`n es n}pvnao`e`ns nspãg rvnses e ~a ôhocg nlg `n s~spnhpeéãg gh`n e cgvvnhpn pvefelmn sna `gfves eg vn`gv `e cevie n cga ~ae ehi~leéãg ohn}rvnssoze( Rg`nags celc~lev cga e cereco`e`n `n ce`e rnvhe cgag cmnoe(
>2 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
…
Sn ~polotevags ~ae Lohie na cnspg g~ na leég `nznags cghpev cga ernhes =2. `n s~e cereco`e`n `n cevie rgv ce~se `e `gfve u~n ï jnope hg leéeanhpg(
…
Sn ~polotevags ~ae Lohie na cnspg sna joa gh`n e cgvvnhpn pvefelmn sna `gfves eg vn`gv `e cevie n cga ~ae ehi~leéãg ohn}rvnssoze( @nznags cghpev cga =2. `e cereco`e`n `e cevie `n s~es rnvhes ~ae znt u~n nle pvefelme `gfve`e sgfvn g iehcmg(
>5 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
…
Sn ~polotevags ~ae Lohie sna joa na leég, `nznags cghpev peafïa cga ernhes =2. `e cereco`e`n `n s~es rnvhes ~ae znt u~n nle sgjvn `gfveanhpgs hg leég n hg iehcmg(
9(>(5 Agzoanhpeéãg cga Pveznssþns
Cga pveznssþns rg`nags jetnv agzoanhpeéþns ansag cga rg~ce elp~ve `n nlnzeéãg, nzopeh`g pgpel g~ revcoelanhpn e ehi~leéãg `es rnvhes( Es cevies efeo}g `g Pveznssãg `nzna snv rvnses `n pel jgvae u~n hãg rgssea sn `gfvev n ceov -cevie g~ rnées oh`ozo`~eos/( @nznags cghso`nvev cgag ôhoce `nszehpeina `g Pveznssãg g sn~ rvórvog rnsg, rgos u~ehpg aeogv sn~ rnsg anhgv g rnsg u~n rg`nvnags pvehsrgvpev, `nzo`g e loaopeéãg `g anog `n nlnzeéãg(
Sn ~polotevags Pveznssþns n e cevie hãg jgv elohme`e na sn~ cnhpvg e cevie rnh`n n rg`n nscgvvniev n ceov
>6 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv
= CGHCL^SÃG Hes oh`ôspvoes ï cvnscnhpn e ~poloteéãg `n anogs `n nlnzeéãg cga grnveéãg e revpov `g sglg -cghpvgln vnagpg/, gh`n g agzoanhpe`gv ï peafïa grnve`gv, g~ snde, nln ï vnsrghsåznl rnles `~es j~héþns( G rnvoig ï u~n pehpg g rnssgel `e rvg`~éãg u~ehpg g rnssgel `e aeh~pnhéãg grnvea n agzoanhpea, cga ossg n}nvcna ~ae epozo`e`n e u~el hãg nspãg ecgsp~ae`gs g~ ansag rvnreve`gs( E jecolo`e`n cga u~n gs anogs `n nlnzeéãg agzoanhpea e cevie nhiehe u~ehpg âs sop~eéþns `n rnvoig( Rnle `naghspveéãg `n cgh`oéþns `n eco`nhpns párocgs ï rvncosg u~n nles sndea cghmnco`es n cghsnu~nhpnanhpn nzope`es( Hg snpgv `n pvehsrgvpns, ernsev `g elpg ive~ `n e~pgaepoteéãg, eoh`e n}ospn ~a iveh`n rnvcnhp~el `n pvefelmg aeh~el, nsrncoelanhpn he agzoanhpeéãg `n cevies rgv anog `n pelmes, i~oh`espns, npc( u~n `n eigve na `oehpn cmeaevnags `n anogs `n nlnzeéãg( >3 yyy(flgi`eancehoce(cga(fv