Makalah Kelompok Sosial
d
Dosen pembimbing : EVI ZULISKA, SKM, M.Si
DISUSUN OLEH : 1. ARI ARI KURNI KURNIA AWAI !. DEDI DEDI WAH"UD H"UDII #. SUS" SUS" INDR INDRA A"ANI
PRODI D-IV KEPERAWAT KEPERAWATAN PONTIANAK PONTIA NAK POLTEKKES KEMENKES PONTIANAK 1
TA. TA. 2015/2016 2015 /2016 KAA $EN%ANAR
$&'i $&'i s(&)& s(&)&** )+mi )+mi p+n'+) p+n'+)+n +n )ep+d+ )ep+d+ &-+n &-+n (+ng (+ng M+-+ M+-+ K&+s+ K&+s+ ++s pen(e*+ pen(e*++nN +nN(+ (+ se-ingg+ m+)+/+- ini d+p+ dise/es+i)+n. M+)+/+- ini be*isi en+ng )e/ompo) 0 )e/ompo) sosi+/ (+ng se*ing di'&mp+i d+/+m )e-id&p+n )i+. M+)+/+- ini )+mi -+*+p)+n d+p+ membe*i)+n i/m& ++& penge+-&+n en+ng )e/ompo) )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) sosi+ sosi+/, /, '&g+ '&g+ )+mi )+mi -+*+ -+*+p) p)+n +n d+p+ d+p+ memb membe*i e*i m+n m+n++ ++ b+gi b+gi pemb+2 pemb+2+, +, *e)+n *e)+n m+-+sis3+, se*+ Dosen. K+mi K+mi men(+d men(+d+*i +*i b+-3+ b+-3+ pen&/i pen&/is+n s+n m+)+/+ m+)+/+- ini m+sim+si- memi/i) memi/i)ii b+n(+ b+n(+) ) )e)&*+ )e)&*+ng+ ng+n n e*&+m+ e*&+m+ d+*i segi pen&/is+n, pen&/is+n, )++)++. )++)++. M+)+ d+*i i& )+mi s+ng+ meng-+*+p)+ meng-+*+p)+n n )*ii) d+n s+*+n d+*i pemb+2+ &n&) pen(emp&*n++n m+)+/+- ini. e*im+ )+si-.
2
DA4AR ISI
5OVER666666 5OVER666666666666 66666666666 66666666666 666666666666 666666666. 666. 1 KAA $EN%ANAR666666666666666666666666666! DA4AR DA4AR ISI6..66666666666666666666666666666 #
7A7 I $ENDAHULUAN A. 7. 5. D. E.
L++* L++* be/+)+ be/+)+ng6 ng6666 666666 666666 666666 6666.. 6...66 .66666 666.66 .6666. 66.666 66668 68 R&m&s+ R&m&s+n n M+s+/+M+s+/+-66. 66...6 ..6666 666666 666666 666666 66666. 66..66 .66666 666666 666..8 ..8 &'&+n &'&+n pen&/i pen&/is+n6 s+n6666 666666 666666 666... ....66 .66666 66666. 66..6. .6.666 666666 6666.. 6..8 8 Meode Meode pen&/i pen&/is+n s+n666 666666 666666 666666 666666 666... ....6. .6.66. 66.66. 66..66 .66666 6669 9 Sisem+ Sisem+i) i)+66 +66666 666666 666666 666666 666..6 ..6666 666666 6666.6 6.666. 66...6 ..6669 669
7A7 II $EM7AHASAN A. $enge*i+n $enge*i+n Ke/ompo Ke/ompo) ) Sosi+/66666 Sosi+/66666666666 666666666666 66666666666. 66666... .. 7. $*oses e*ben&) e*ben&)n(+ n(+ Ke/ompo) Ke/ompo) Sosi+/66666 Sosi+/66666666666 666666666666 6666666.. 6.. ; 5. 5i*i d+n d+n S(+*+ S(+*+ Ke/ompo) Ke/ompo) Sosi+/666666 Sosi+/66666666666 66666666666 6666666666; 6666; D. M+2+mm M+2+mm+2+m +2+m Ke/ompo Ke/ompo) ) Sosi+/6 Sosi+/6666 666666 666666 666666 666666 666666 6666.. 6.. < E. Ke/ompo)) Ke/ompo))e/omp e/ompo) o) Sosi+/ Sosi+/ (+ng (+ng e*+ e*+&* &* d+n id+) id+) e*+ e*+&*666 &*666666666 6666666 6 11 4. 4+)o* 4+)o* $emben $emben&)+ &)+n n Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) Sosi+/66 Sosi+/66666 666666 666666 666666 666666 6666.. 6.. 1! %. H&b&ng+n H&b&ng+n Ke/ompo) Ke/ompo) Sosi+/ Sosi+/ deng+n Ine*+)si Ine*+)si Sosi+/666 Sosi+/666666666 6666666666.1# 6666.1# 7A7 III $ENUU$ Kesimp&/+n d+n S+*+n66666666666666666666666666... 19 D++* $&s+)+666666666666666666666666666666 1
7A7 I
3
$ENDAHULUAN
A. L++* L++* 7e/+)+n 7e/+)+ng g M+s+/ M+s+/++Ke/ompo) Ke/ompo) sosi+/ +d+/+- -imp&n+n -imp&n+n ++& )es+&+n m+n&si+ m+n&si+ (+ng -id&p be*s+m+. Ad+ +)si d+n +d+ *e+)si. $e/+)&n(+ /ebi- d+*i s+&. An+*+ indi=id& deng+n indi=id&, indi=id& deng deng+n +n )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) d+n d+n +n+ +n+*+ *+ )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) deng deng+n +n )e/o )e/omp mpo) o).. 5on 5onoo- dose dosen n meng meng+'+ +'+* * me*&p+)+n 2ono- )e/ompo) sosi+/ +n+*+ indi=id& deng+n )e/ompo). Ke/ompo) sosi+/ d+p+ be*&p+ )e/ompo) sosi+/ p*ime* d+n )e/ompo) sosi+/ se)&nde*. Sed+ng)+n )om&ni)+si sosi+/ s osi+/ d+p+ se2+*+ /+ngs&ng m+&p&n id+) /+ngs&ng. Ke/ompo) so2i+/ p*ime* deng+n -&b&ng+n /+ngs&ng +p+bi/+ +np+ me/+/&i pe*+n+*+. Mis+/)+n M is+/)+n &n&) mengen+/ /ebi- '+&- d+*i )e/ompo) p*ime* d+p+ )i+ /i-+ (+i& p+d+ )e/&+*g+. Sed+ng)+n )e/ompo) sosi+/ p*ime* +d+/+)e/ompo) bes+* did+s+*)+n p+d+ )epening+n (+ng be*bed+. $*oses $*oses (+ng (+ng memben memben&) &) e*'+di e*'+din(+ n(+ )e/omp )e/ompo) o) sosi+/ sosi+/ me/ip& me/ip&i i +)o* +)o* pendo* pendo*ong ong imb&/n(+ imb&/n(+ )e/ompo) sosi+/ d+n d+s+* pemben&) pemben&)+n +n )e/ompo) )e/ompo) sosi+/. Sei+p m+s(+*+)+ m+n&si+ m+n&si+ se/+m+ se/+m+ -id&p -id&p p+si p+si meng+/ meng+/+mi +mi pe*&b+ pe*&b+-+n -+npe* pe*&b+ &b+-+n -+n.. $e*&b+ $e*&b+-+n -+n d+p+ d+p+ be*&p+ be*&p+ pe*&b+-+n (+ng id+) men+*i) d+/+m +*i )&*+ng men2o/o). Ad+ p&/+ pe*&b+-+npe*&b+-+n (+ng peng+*&-n(+ e*b++s m+&p&n (+ng /&+s, se*+ +d+ p&/+ pe*&b+-+npe*&b+-+n (+ng /+mb+ se)+/i, +)+n e+pi +d+ '&g+ be*'+/+n deng+n 2ep+. $e*&b+-+npe*&b+-+n -+n(+ d+p+ diem&)+n o/e- seseo*+ng (+ng semp+ mene/ii s&s&n+n d+n )e-id&p+n s&+& m+s(+*+)+ p+d+ s&+& 3+)& d+n memb+nding)+nn(+ deng+n s&s&n+n d+n )e-id&p+n m+s(+*+)+ e*seb& p+d+ 3+)& (+ng /+mp+&. $e*&b+-+npe*&b+-+n m+s(+*+)+ d+p+ mengen+i ni/+i ni/+i ni/+i sosi+/, sosi+/, no*m+ no*m+no no*m+ *m+ sosi+/, sosi+/, po/+po po/+po/+ /+ p*i/+) p*i/+)& & o*g+ni o*g+nis+si s+si,, s&s&n+ s&s&n+n n )e/emb+ )e/emb+g++n g++n m+s(+*+)+, )e)&+s++n d+n 3e3en+ng, )e/ompo) sosi+/ d+n seb+g+in(+.
7.
R&m&s+n M+s+/+-
1. Do*ong+n +p+ (+ng men(eb+b)+n m+n&si+ ingin -id&p d+/+m )e/ompo) sosi+/> !. Ap+ +)o* pemben&) )e/ompo) sosi+/> #. Ap+)+- 2i*i2i*i )e/ompo) sosi+/> 8. 7+g+im+n+ no*m+no*m+ )e/ompo) sosi+/ d+p+ e*ben&)> 9. Ap+ +*i pening -id&p be*)e/ompo) d+/+m )e/ompo) sosi+/>
5. &'&+n M+)+ M+)+/+/+- ini ini dib& dib&+ + deng deng+n +n m+)s m+)s&d &d &n& &n&) ) memb memb++-+s +s en en+n +ng g do*o do*ong ng+n +n (+ng (+ng men(eb+b)+ men(eb+b)+n n e*ben&)n( e*ben&)n(++ )e/ompo) )e/ompo) sosi+/, +)o* pemben&) pemben&) )e/ompo) )e/ompo) sosi+/, 2i*i2i*i )e/ompo) sosi+/, p*oses e*ben&)n(+ no*m+no*m+ )e/ompo) sosi+/, d+n +*i pening -id&p be*)e/ompo) d+/+m )e/ompo) sosi+/. Se-ingg+ deng+n pemb+-+s+n ini di-+*+p)+n m+-+sis3+ d+p+ sem+)in /&+s 3+3+s+n d+n penge+-&+nn(+, (+ng +)+n s+ng+ be*g&n+ )ei)+ e*'&n di d+/+m m+s(+*+)+.
D.
Meode $en&/is+n
4
Meode d+/+m pen&/is+n m+)+/+- ini (+i& deng+n meode s&di p&s+)+.
E.
Sisem+i)+ $en&/is+n
$e*+m+, pend+-&/&+n ?/++* be/+)+ng, *&m&s+n m+s+/+-, &'&+n pen&/is+n, meode pen&/is+n, d+n sisem+i)+ pen&/is+n@. Ked&+, pemb+-+s+n ?m+e*i ++& isi m+)+/+-@. Keig+, pen&&p ?)esimp&/+n d+n s+*+n@.
7A7 II
5
$EM7AHASAN KELOM$OK SOSIAL
A. $enge* $enge*i+n i+n Ke/o Ke/ompo mpo) ) Sosi+/ Sosi+/ Ke/ompo) +d+/+- -id&p be*s+m+ indi=id& d+/+m s&+& i)++n, se*+ e*d+p+ d+/+m i)++n -id&p be*s+m+ e*seb& +d+n(+ ine*+)si d+n ine**e/+si so2i+/, se*+ o*g+nis+si +n+* +nggo+. Ke/ompo) me*&p+)+n ini )e-id&p+n d+/+m m+s(+*+)+. Se2+*+ sosio/ogi, )e/ompo) +d+/+s&+& )&mp&/+n d+*i o*+ngo*+ng (+ng memp&n(+i -&b&ng+n d+n be*ine*+)si, dim+n+ d+p+ meng+)ib+)+n &mb&-n(+ pe*+s++n be*s+m+. Men&*& Wi/+ H&)(, )e/ompo) me*&p+)+n s&+& &ni (+ng e*di*i d+*i d&+ o*+ng ++& /ebi-, /ebi-, (+ng (+ng s+/ing s+/ing be*in be*ine*+) e*+)si si ++& s+/ing s+/ing be*)om be*)om&ni &ni)+si )+si.. Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) ++& g*o&p g*o&p +d+/++d+/+)&mp&/ )&mp&/+n +n d+*i d+*i indi=i indi=id& d& (+ng (+ng be*in be*ine*+) e*+)si si s+& s+m+ s+m+ /+in, /+in, p+d+ p+d+ &m&mn( &m&mn(++ -+n(+ -+n(+ &n&) &n&) me/+)&)+n me/+)&)+n pe)e*'++n, &n&) mening)++n mening)++n -&b&ng+n -&b&ng+n +n+* indi=id&, indi=id&, ++& bis+ s+'+ &n&) &n&) )ed&+n(+. Seb&+- )e/ompo) s&+& 3+)& dibed+)+n se2+*+ )o/e)i, se)&mp&/+n o*+ng (+ng memi/i)i )es+m++n d+/+m +)ii+s &m&m n+m&n deng+n +*+- ine*+)si e*)e2i/ Men&*& Soe'ono Soe)+no, )e/ompo) sosi+/ ++& so2i+/ g*o&p +d+/+- -imp&n+n ++& )es+&+n m+n&si+ (+ng -id&p be*s+m+, )+*en+ +d+n(+ -&b&ng+n di +n+*+ me*e)+. H&b&ng+n e*seb& +n+*+ /+in men(+ng)& -&b&ng+n imb+/ b+/i) (+ng s+/ing mempeng+*&-i d+n '&g+ s&+& )es+d+*+n &n&) s+/ing meno/ong. Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) sosi+/ sosi+/ +d+/++d+/+- )&mp&/ )&mp&/+n +n o*+ng o*+ng (+ng (+ng memi/i) memi/i)ii )es+d+ )es+d+*+n *+n be*s+m be*s+m++ +)+n +)+n )e+ngg )e+nggo++ o++n n d+n s+/ing s+/ing be*in be*ine*+) e*+)si. si. Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) di2ip di2ip+)+ +)+n n o/eo/e- +nggo +nggo++ m+s(+*+) m+s(+*+)+. +. Ke/ompo) '&g+ d+p+ mempeng+*&-i pe*i/+)& p+*+ +nggo+n(+. Ke/ompo) so2i+/ me*&p+)+n s+/+- s+& o2&s pe*-+i+n d+*i p&s+ pemi)i*+n sosio/ogis, )+*en+ ii) o/+)n(+ +d+/+- )e-id&p+n be*s+m+. Sem&+ o*+ng ++& indi=id& d+/+m d&ni+ ini p+d+ +3+/+n(+ me*&p+)+n +nggo+ )e/ompo) so2i+/ (+ng be*n+m+ )e/&+*g+. 5i*i d+s+* s&+& )e/ompo) men&*& H&)(, (+i& : 1. Ke/om Ke/ompo po) ) se/+/ se/+/& & e*d e*di* i*ii d+*i d+*i p+/in p+/ing g sedi) sedi)i i d&+ d&+ o*+n o*+ng g +d+n +d+n e*& e*&ss d+p+ d+p+ be*+ be*+mb mb++men'+di /ebi- d+*i i&. !. Ke/ompo) Ke/ompo) seben+*n(+ seben+*n(+ id+) id+) di+ngg+p di+ngg+p e*ben&) e*ben&) )+*en+ )+*en+ memen&-i memen&-i pe*s(+*++ pe*s(+*++n n '&m/+-. '&m/+-. #. Kom&ni)+si Kom&ni)+si d+n ine*+)si ine*+)si (+ng (+ng me*&p+)+n me*&p+)+n &ns&* &ns&* po)o) po)o) s&+& )e/ompo )e/ompo), ), -+*&s be*si+ be*si+ imb+/ b+/i). 8. Ke/om Ke/ompo po) ) i& i& bis+ bis+ sep+n sep+n'+n '+ng g -id& -id&p p ++& ++& '+ng) '+ng)++ p+n' p+n'+n +ng, g, e+ e+pi pi '&g+ '&g+ bis+ bis+ be*s be*si+ i+ semen+*+ ++& '+ng)+ pende). 9. Ke/om Ke/ompo po) ) d+n d+n 2i*i 2i*i )e-i )e-id& d&p+ p+n n )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) '&g+ '&g+ d+p+ d+p+ diem diem&) &)+n +n di +n+* +n+*++ )e-i )e-id& d&p+ p+n n bin++ng, sepe*i /eb+-, )e*+ d+n seb+g+in(+. . Min+ d+n d+n )epening+n )epening+n be*s+m+ be*s+m+ me*&p+) me*&p+)+n +n 3+*n+ &+m+ &+m+ pemben& pemben&)+n )+n )e/ompo) )e/ompo).. ;. $emben $emben&) &)+n +n )e/ompo) )e/ompo) d+p+ did+s+*) did+s+*)+n +n p+d+ p+d+ si&+si si&+si (+ng be*+ne) be*+ne)+*+g +*+g+m, +m, di m+n+ m+n+ d+/+m si&+si i& m+n&si+ di&n& &n&) be*s+&. <. D+/+m D+/+m )+i )+i+n +n deng deng+n +n s&mb s&mbe* e* pembe pemben n&) &)+n +n )e/o )e/omp mpo) o),, m+)+ m+)+ se)+* se)+*+n +ng g +d+ +d+ ! +s&ms +s&msii pop&/+* (+ng men&*& H&)(, H&)(, (+i& : +. S&mbe* S&mbe* pemben&) pemben&)+n +n )e/ompo) )e/ompo) (+i& (+i& +d+n(+ +d+n(+ min+ min+ d+n )epenin )epening+n g+n be*s+m+. be*s+m+. b. S&mbe* pemben&)+n )e/ompo) (+i& insing men&si+ (+ng se/+/&mendo*ongn(+ &n&) be*)e/ompo). 6
. Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) me*&p+)+ me*&p+)+n n s&+& s&+& )es+&+n )es+&+n d+/+m di*in( di*in(++ sendi* sendi*i, i, (+ng memi/i)i memi/i)i 3+*n+ 3+*n+ d+n 2i*i sendi*i (+n-g be*bed+ d+*i (+ng /+in b+-)+n deng+n +nggo+n(+ se2+*+ p*ib+di.
7. $*oses e*ben&) e*ben&)n(+ n(+ Ke/ompo) Ke/ompo) Sosi+/ Sosi+/ $*oses e*ben&)n(+ s&+& )e/ompo) so2i+/ )+*en+ +d+n(+ n+/&*i m+n&si+ (+ng se/+/& ingin -id&p be*s+m+, i&/+- seb+n(+ d+/+m m+s(+*+)+ m+n&si+ d+p+ dipe*s+m+)+n deng+n m+s(+*+)+ bin++ng.se'+) m+n&si+ di/+-i*)+n s&d+- menp&n(+i )e2ende*&ng+n ++s d+s+* do*ong+n n+/&*in(+ se2+*+ bio/ogis &n&) -id&p be*)e/ompo). Ad+ ! -+s*+ po)o) (+ng dimi/i)i m+n&si+ se-ingg+ e*do*ong &n&) -id&p be*)e/ompo), +n+*+ /+in: 1. H+s*+ &n&) be*s+& be*s+& deng+n deng+n m+n&si+m m+n&si+m+n&si+ +n&si+ di se)i+*n( se)i+*n(+. +. !. H+s*+ &n&) be*s+& be*s+& deng+n deng+n si&+si +/+m se)i+*n(+. se)i+*n(+.
5. 5i*i 5i*i d+n S(+* S(+*+ + Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) Sosi+/ Sosi+/ Mengen Mengen+i +i b++s+n b++s+n penge* penge*i+ i+n n d+*i d+*i )e/omp )e/ompo) o) so2i+/ so2i+/ m+sim+si- be/&m be/&m e*d+p e*d+p+ + +d+n(+ +d+n(+ )es+m++ )es+m++n n p+nd+n p+nd+ng+n g+n en+n en+ng g -+/ e*seb& e*seb&. . Deng+n Deng+n id+) id+) +d+n( +d+n(++ )ese*+g )ese*+g+m+ +m+n n e*seb& e*seb& men&n'&))+n b+-3+ )e/ompo) so2i+/ i& memi/i)i b+n(+) b+n (+) +spe). S(+*+ S(+*+ )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) men& men&*& *& 7+*o 7+*on n d+n d+n 7(*n 7(*ne, e, (+i& (+i& : Ine* Ine*+) +)si si,, +ngg +nggo o++ ++ng nggo go+ + se-+*&sn(+ be*ine*+)si s+& s+m+ /+in. Ine*dependen, +p+ (+ng e*'+di p+d+ seo*+ng +nggo+ +)+n mempeng+*&-i pe*i/+)& +nggo+ (+ng /+in. S+bi/, -&b&ng+n p+/ing id+) +d+ /+m+n(+ 3+)& (+ng be*+*i ?bis+ mingg&, b&/+n d+n +-&n@. &'&+n (+ng dib+gi, bebe*+p+ &'&+n be*si+ &m&m b+gi sem&+ +nggo+. S*&)&*, &ngsi i+p +nggo+ -+*&s memi/i)i bebe*+p+ m+2+m s*&)&* se-ingg+ me*e)+ memi/i)i se pe*+n. $e*sepsi, +nggo+ -+*&s me*+s+)+n di*i me*e)+ seb+g+i b+gi+n d+*i )e/ompo). 5i*i2i*i )e/ompo) so2i+/, (+i& : e*d+p+ do*ong+n ++& moi (+ng s+m+ +n+* indi=id& s+& deng+n (+ng /+in e*d+p+ +)ib++)ib+ ine*+)si (+ng be*/+in+n e*-+d+p indi=id& s+& deng+n (+ng /+in be*d+s+*)+n *+s+ d+n )e2+)+p+n (+ng be*bed+bed+ +n+*+ indi=id& (+ng e*/ib+ di d+/+mn(+. Ad+n(+ peneg+s+n d+n pemben&)+n s*&)&* ++& o*g+nis+si )e/ompo) (+ng (+ng 'e/+s 'e/+s d+n d+n e*d e*di*i i*i d+*i d+*i pe*+n pe*+n+n +npe pe*+ *+n+ n+n n d+n d+n )ed& )ed&d& d&)+ )+n n m+sin m+sing gm+ m+si sing ng Ad+n( d+n(++ peneg&-+n no*m+ pedom+n ing)+- /+)& +nggo+ )e/ompo) (+ng meng+&* ine*+)si d+/+m )egi )egi+ ++n +n +ngg +nggo o++ )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) &n& &n&) ) men2 men2+p +p+i +i &'&+ &'&+n n (+ng (+ng +d+. +d+. 7e*/+ 7e*/+ng ngs& s&ng ngn( n(++ s&+ s&+& & )epening+n. Ad+n(+ pe*ge*+)+n (+ng din+mi). S(+*+s(+*+ )e/ompo) sosi+/, (+i& : Sei+p +nggo+ )e/ompo) e*seb& -+*&s s+d+* b+-3+ di+ me*&p+)+n seb+gi+n d+*i )e/ompo) (+ng be*s+ng)&+n. Ad+ -&b&ng+n imb+/ b+/i) +n+*+ +nggo+ (+ng s+& deng+n +nggo+ /+inn(+. e*d+p+ e*d+p+ s&+& +)o* (+ng dimi/i)i be*s+m+ o/e- +nggo++nggo+ )e/ompo) i&, se-ingg+ -&b&ng+n +n+*+ me*e)+ be*+mb+e*+. 4+)o* +di d+p+ me*&p+)+n n+sib (+ng s+m+, )epening+n (+ng s+m+, &'&+n (+ng s+m+, ideo/ogi po/ii) (+ng s+m+ d+n /+in/+in. 7e*s*&)&*, be*)+id+- d+n memp&n(+i po/+ pe*i/+)&. S(+*+s(+*+ m+n&si+ diseb& seb+g+i )e/ompo) so2i+/ men&*& Soe*'ono Soe)+no, (+i& : +. Sei+ Sei+p p +ngg +nggo o++ )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) e*seb e*seb& & -+*& -+*&ss s+d+ s+d+** b+-3 b+-3++ i+ me*& me*&p+ p+)+ )+n n seb+g seb+gi+n i+n d+*i )e/ompo) (+ng be*s+ng)&+n. 7
b. Ad+ -&b&ng+n imb+/ b+/i) +n+*+ +nggo+ /+inn(+ /+inn(+ d+/+m )e/ompo) e*seb&. 2. Ad+ s&& +2o* +2o* (+ng (+ng dimi/i)i dimi/i)i be*s+m+ be*s+m+ o/e- +nggo+ +nggo+ )e/ompo )e/ompo) ) i&, se-ingg+ se-ingg+ -&b&ng -&b&ng+n +n di +n+*+ me*e)+ be*+mb+- e*+. d. 7e*s*&)&* 7e*s*&)&*,, be*)+id be*)+id+-, +-, d+n memp&n(+i memp&n(+i po/+ pe*i/+)&. pe*i/+)&. e. 7es+* 7es+* )e2i )e2i/n( /n(++ '&m/+'&m/+- +ng +nggo go+. +. . De*+ De*+'+ '+ ine ine*+ *+)s )sii so2i so2i+/ +/.. g. Kepen Kepeni ing ng+n +n d+n d+n 3i/ 3i/+( +(++-.. -. 7e*/+ng 7e*/+ngs&n s&ngn( gn(++ s&+& s&+& )epe )epeni ning+ ng+n. n. i. De*+ De*+'+ '+ o*g o*g+nis +nis+s +si. i. '. Kes+d+*+n +)+n 'enis, -&b&ng+n so2i+/, d+n &'&+n (+ng (+ng s+m+.
D. M+2+mm M+2+mm+2+m +2+m Ke/om Ke/ompo) po) Sosi Sosi+/ +/ 1. Ing Ing*o *o&p &p d+n d+n O& O&g g*o *o&p &p +. Ing*o Ing*o&p &p +p+bi/+ +p+bi/+ indi=i indi=id& d& di d+/+m d+/+m s&+& )e/ompo) )e/ompo) mengide mengideni nii) i)+si) +si)+n +n di*in( di*in(++ deng+n )e/ompo) sosi+/n(+. Si)+p di d+/+m ing*o&p p+d+ &m&mn(+ did+s+*)+n p+d+ +2o* simp+i d+n se/+/& memi/i)i pe*+s++n de)+ deng+n +nggo+ )e/ompo). b. O&g*o&p +p+bi/+ indi=id& meng+ngg+p s&+& )e/ompo) men'+di /+3+n d+*i in g*o&pn g*o&pn(+. (+. Si)+p Si)+p seb+g+ seb+g+ii o&g* o&g*o&p o&p se/+/& se/+/& di+nd di+nd+i +i deng+n deng+n s&+& s&+& )e/+in )e/+in+n +n (+ng (+ng be*3&'&d +n+gonisme. H+/ ini di)+i)+n deng+n isi/+- )+mi ++& )i+ d+n me*e)+. Mis+/n( Mis+/n(++ )+mi )+mi +d+/++d+/+- 3+*+3+ 3+*+3+n, n, sed+ng) sed+ng)+n +n me*e)+ me*e)+ +d+/++d+/+- o/+-*+ o/+-*+g+3 g+3+n. +n. K+mi K+mi +d+/+- m+-+sis3+ sed+ng)+n me*e)+ +d+/+- pe/+'+*. D+*i pen'e/+s+n di ++s ++s,, )i+ d+p+ menge+-&i b+-3+ &n&) meng+ngg+p s&+& )e/ompo) so2i+/ me*&p+)+n ing*o&p ing*o&p ++& o&g*o&p d+*i seo*+ng seo*+ng indi=id& indi=id& +d+/+- *e/+i=e, *e/+i=e, )+*en+ e*g+n&ng p+d+ si&+si so2i+/ (+ng e*en&. !. $*im+*( $*im+*( %*o&p %*o&p d+n d+n Se2o Se2ond+ nd+*( *( %*o& %*o&p p +. $*im+*( $*im+*( g*o&p ?)e/ompo) ?)e/ompo) p*ime*@ p*ime*@ +d+/+- )e/ompo))e )e/ompo))e/ompo /ompo) ) (+ng di+nd+i di+nd+i deng+n +d+n(+ ine*+)si +n+*+nggo+ (+ng e*'+/in /ebi- inensi, /ebi- e*+, d+n /ebi- +)*+b. Ke/ompo) p*ime* se*ing diseb& deng+n B face B face to faceC face C )+*en+ p+*+ +nggo+ )e/ompo) se*ing be*di+/og d+n be*++p m&)+ )+*en+n(+ me*e)+ s+/ing mengen+/ /ebi- de)+ d+n /ebi- +)*+b. Si+ ine*+)si d+/+m )e/ompo) p*ime* be*2o*+) )e)e/&+*g++n d+n /ebi- be*d+s+*)+n p+d+ simp+i. Ke/ompo) p*ime* sepe*i )e/&+*g+ mem+in)+n pe*+n )&n2i d+/+m pengemb+ng+n di*i. Seb+g+i Seb+g+i s&+& s&+& )e/omp )e/ompo) o) )e2i/, )e2i/, )e/&+* )e/&+*g+ g+ p&n be*pe*+ be*pe*+n n seb+g+i seb+g+i s&+& s&+& pe/ind pe/ind&ng &ng e*-+ e*-+d+ d+p p +n2+m +n2+m+n +n )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) /ebi/ebi- bes+ bes+** (+ng (+ng diseb diseb& & m+s( m+s(+*+ +*+)+ )+. . Ke/& Ke/&+* +*g+ g+ memp&n(+i +*i pening p*ime* d+/+m pemben&)+n o*ien+si d+s+* p+s+ng+n /+in ini, seb+g+im+n+ (+ng n+ni +)+n be*/+)& di )em&di+n -+*i b+gi +n+)+n+)n(+.
• • • • •
5i*i2i*i )e/ompo) $*ime*, (+i& : U)&*+n )e2i/, bi+s+n(+ e*di*i d+*i ! ++& # o*+ng +nggo+. H&b&ng+n be*si+ p*ib+di d+n +)*+b di +n+*+ +nggo+. Lebi- meng&+m+)+n )om&ni)+si ++p m&)+. Lebi- pe*m+nen. $+*+ +nggo+ s+/ing mengen+/ se2+*+ b+i) d+n memp&n(+i pe*+s++n /o(+/i+s.
8
•
•
7e*si+ ino*m+/. ino*m+/. Ke/ompo) Ke/ompo) bi+s+n(+ id+) memp&n(+i memp&n(+i n+m+, peg+3+i, peg+3+i, emp+ d+n 3+)& pe*em&+n (+ng ep+. Kep&&s+n d+/+m )e/ompo) /ebi- be*si+ *+dision+/ )&*+ng *+sion+/.
b. Se2ond+*( %*o&p ?)e/ompo) se)&nde*@ se)&nde*@ +d+/+- )e/ompo) (+ng memi/i)i +nggo+ (+ng /ebi- b+n(+), id+) se/+/& s+/ing mengen+/, id+) /+ngs&ng, &ngsion+/, *+sion+/, d+n /ebi- b+n(+) di&'&)+n p+d+ &'&+n p*ib+di, +nggo++nggo+ (+ng /+in d+n &s+-+ )e/ompo) me*&p+)+n +/+. $+d+ $+d+ )e/omp )e/ompo) o) se)&nd se)&nde* e* di+n+ di+n+*+n( *+n(++ +nggo +nggo++ )e/omp )e/ompo), o), e*d+p e*d+p+ + -&b&ng -&b&ng+n +n +) /+ngs&ng, o*m+/, d+n )&*+ng be*si+ )e)e/&+*g++n. Di m+n+ +nggo+ )e/ompo) (+ng s+& deng+n (+ng /+in id+) s+/ing mengen+/, id+) +)*+b, d+n be*si+ id+) pe*m+nen. $+*+ $+*+ +nggo +nggo++ mene*im mene*im++ pe)e*'+ pe)e*'++n +n ++s ++s d+s+* d+s+* )em+mp )em+mp&+n &+n d+n )e+-/i )e+-/i+n. +n.+d+ +d+n( n(++ pemb+gi+n e*seb& dipe*/&)+ &n&) men2+p+i +*ge d+n &'&+n e*en& (+ng e/+die+p)+n d+/+m p*og*+m (+ng e/+- disep+)+i be*s+m+. Ke/ompo) se)&nde* did+s+*)+n p+d+ )epening+n ++& )egi++n e*en&, d+n p+*+ +nggo+n(+ 2ende*&ng be*ine*+)si ++s d+s+* s+&s pesii), sepe*i p*esiden, m+n+'e*, pe)e*'+, ++& m+-+sis3+. 5ono- : p+*+i po/ii), pe*-imp&n+n se*i)+ )e*'+, o*g+nis+si p*oesi. 5i*i2i*i )e/ompo) se)&nde*, (+i& : U)&*+n bes+*. H&b&ng+n be*si+ id+) p*ib+di d+n d+n '+&'+&- +n+ +n+*+ *+ ses+m ses+mee +ngg +nggo o+. +. Sedi Sedi)i )i s+'+ s+'+ )om& )om&ni ni)+ )+si si ++p ++p m&)+ m&)+.. 7e*si 7e*si+ + empo* empo*e* e*.. $+*+ $+*+ +nggo +nggo++ be*+d+ be*+d+ be*s+m+ be*s+m+s+m s+m++ d+/+m d+/+m 3+)& 3+)& (+ng (+ng *e/+i *e/+i sing)+ sing)+. . Anggo+ id+) s+/ing mengen+/ se2+*+ b+i). 7e*si+ /ebi- o*m+/, )e/ompo)n(+ se*ing memp&n(+i n+m+, peg+3+i, emp+ d+n 3+)& pe*em&+n (+ng e*+&* d+n e+p. Kep&&s+n d+/+m )e/ompo) /ebi- *+sion+/ d+n mene)+n)+n p+d+ eisiensi. #. %emein %emeins2s2-+ + d+n d+n %ese// %ese//s2s2-+ + +. %eme %emein ins2s2-+ + +d+/ +d+/++- ben ben&) &) )e-i )e-id& d&p+ p+n n be*s+ be*s+m+ m+ dim+ dim+n+ n+ +ngg +nggo o+n( +n(++ dii) dii)+ + o/eo/e-&b&ng+n b+in (+ng m&*ni d+n be*si+ +/+mi+- se*+ be*si+ )e)+/. D+s+* -&b&ng+n e*seb& +d+/+- *+s 2in+ d+n *+s+ )es+&+n b+in (+ng mem+nd+ng e/+- di)od*+)+n. b. %ese//s2-+ me*&p+)+n i)++n /+-i* (+ng be*si+ po)o) &n&) '+ng)+ 3+)& pende), be*si+ seb+g+i s&+& ben&) d+/+m pi)i*+n, 3+)& e*b++s, be*si+ p+m*i- e)onomis. 7en&) gese//s2-+ e*&+m+ e*d+p+ d+/+m -&b&ng+n pe*'+n'i+n (+ng be*d+s+*)+n i)++n imb+/ b+/i), mis+/n(+ i)++n +n+*+ ped+g+ng, o*g+nis+si d+/+m s&+& p+b*i) ++& ind&s*i. onies onies mengem&)+)+n 2i*i po)o) %emeins2-+, (+i& : +. Inim+ Inim+e, e, -&b&n -&b&ng+n g+n men( men(e/&* e/&*&&- (+ng (+ng mes*+. mes*+. b. $*i=+e, -&b&ng+n (+ng (+ng be*si+ p*ib+di (+i& )-&s&s &n&) bebe*+p+ o*+ng s+'+. 2. E)/&si=e, E)/&si=e, -&b&n -&b&ng+n g+n e*seb& e*seb& -+n(+/+-+n(+/+- &n&) &n&) B)i+C B)i+C s+'+ d+n d+n b&)+n b&)+n &n&) o*+ng o*+ng /+in /+in di /&+* )i+. Men&* Men&*& & 4e*d 4e*din in+n +nd d onies, nies, ipe ipeip ipee %emei %emeins ns22-+ + (+ng (+ng se*in se*ing g di'& di'&mp mp+i +i d+/+m d+/+m m+s(+*+)+, (+i& : +. %eme %emein ins2 s2-+ -+ O b/oo b/ood, d, (+i (+i& & %eme %emein ins2 s2-+ -+ (+ng +ng me*& me*&p+ p+)+ )+n n i)+ i)++n +n (+ng (+ng did+s+*)+n ++s d+*+- ++& )e&*&n+n. Mis+/n(+ )e/&+*g+, )e/ompo) )e)e*+b++n. b. %emeins2-+ o p/+2e, (+i& s&+& %ese//s2-+ (+ng e*di*i d+*i o*+ngo*+ng (+ng (+ng (+ng be*d be*de) e)++ ++n n emp+ emp+ ing ingg+/ g+/n( n(++ se-in se-ingg gg++ d+p+ d+p+ s+/in s+/ing g o/o o/ong ngme meno no/o /ong ng.. Mis+/n(+ R, RW, )e/ompo) 3+*is+n. 9
2. %emein %emeins2s2-+ + o mind, mind, (+i& s&+& s&+& %ese// %ese//s2-+ s2-+ (+ng e*di*i e*di*i d+*i o*+ng o*+ngo*+ o*+ng ng (+ng mes) mes)ip ip&n &n id+) id+) memp memp&n &n(+ (+ii -&b& -&b&ng ng+n +n d+*+d+*+- ++& ++&p& p&n n emp+ emp+ ing ingg/ g/n( n(++ id+) id+) be*de)++n, e+pi me*e)+ memp&n(+i 'i3+ d+n pi)i*+n (+ng s+m+, )+*en+ +d+n(+ ideo/og( (+ng s+m+. 8. 4o*m+/ 4o*m+/ %*o& %*o&p p d+n d+n Ino*m Ino*m+/ +/ %*o& %*o&p p +. 4o*m+/ 4o*m+/ %*o&p +d+/++d+/+- )e/omp )e/ompo) o) (+ng memp&n(+i memp&n(+i pe*+&*+n pe*+&*+n (+ng (+ng eg+s eg+s d+n deng+n deng+n seng+'+ di2ip+)+n o/e- +nggo+n(+ &n&) meng+&* -&b&ng+n di +n+*+ +nggo+n(+. Ke/ompo) *esmi ini did&)&ng +d+n(+ +ngg+*+n d+s+*, +ngg+*+n *&m+- +ngg+, d+n memi/i)i pemb+gi+n )e*'+ pe*+n se*+ -i*+*)i e*en&. 5ono- OSIS, p+*+i po/ii). b. Ino*m+/ %*o&p +d+/+- )e/ompo) (+ng id+) memi/i)i s*&)&* d+n o*g+nis+si e*en& ++& p+si. Ke/ompo) e*seb& e*ben&) )+*en+ +d+n(+ pe*em&+n (+ng be*&/+ng )+/i d+n -+/ e*seb& men'+di d+s+* b+gi be*em&n(+ )epening+n d+n peng+/+m+n (+ng s+m+. Ke/ompo) id+) *esmi ini id+) be*s+&s *esmi d+n id+) did&)&ng +ngg+*+n d+s+*, +ngg+*+n *&m+- +ngg+ sepe*i (+ng /+Fim be*/+)& p+d+ )e/ompo) *esmi. 5ono) K/i) ?2/iG&e@ (+i& )e/ompo) )e2i/ +np+ s*&)&* o*m+/ (+ng se*ing imb&/ d+/+m )e/ompo) bes+*. 9. Membe* Membe*s-i s-ip p %*o&p %*o&p d+n Ree*en Ree*en2e 2e %*o&p %*o&p +. Membe* Membe*s-i s-ip p %*o&p +d+/++d+/+- me*&p+) me*&p+)+n +n )e/ompo )e/ompo) ) di m+n+ m+n+ sei+ sei+ o*+ng se2+*+ se2+*+ isi) seb+g+i +nggo+ )e/ompo) e*en&. b. Ree*en2e %*o&p +d+/+- )e/ompo) (+ng men'+di &)&*+n b+gi seseo*+ng &n&) mengidenii)+si di*in(+ d+/+m memben&) p*ib+di d+n pe*i/+)&n(+. Seseo*+ng (+ng b&)+n +nggo+ )e/ompo) so2i+/ (+ng be*s+ng)&+n, mengidenii)+si di*in(+ deng+n )e/ompo) /+in seb+g+i )e/ompo) e/+d+n. ipeipe Ree*en2e %*o&p (+ng di)em&)+)+n o/e- Robe* K. Me*on, (+i& : ipe no*m+i +d+/+- )e/ompo) (+ng menen&)+n d+s+*d+s+* b+gi )ep*ib+di+n seseo*+ng. ipe )ep*ib+di+n +d+/+- )e/ompo) (+ng men'+di peg+ng+n b+gi indi=id& di d+/+m meni/+i )ep*ib+di+nn(+. Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o))e/ )e/omp ompo) o) so2i+/ so2i+/ men&*& men&*& 7ie*se 7ie*sed, d, (+i& (+i& : Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) s+is, s+is, (+i& (+i& )e/ompo) (+ng b&)+n o*g+nis+si, id+) memi/i)i -&b&ng+n sosi+/ d+n )es+d+*+n 'enis di +n+*+n(+. 5ono-: Ke/ompo) pend&d&) &si+ 119 +-&n di seb&+)e2+m++n. Ke/ompo) )em+s(+*+)++n, (+i& )e/ompo) (+ng memi/i)i pe*s+m++n e+pi id+) memp&n(+i o*g+nis+si d+n -&b&ng+n sosi+/ di +n+*+ +nggo+n(+. Ke/ompo) sosi+/, (+i& )e/ompo) (+ng +nggo+n(+ memi/i)i )es+d+*+n 'enis d+n be*-&b&ng+n s+& deng+n (+ng /+inn(+, e+pi e+pi id+) e*i)+ d+/+m i)++n o*g+nis+si. 5ono5ono-:: Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) pe*em pe*em&+n &+n,, )e*+b+ )e*+b+,, d+n /+in/+i /+in/+in. n. Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) +sosi+s +sosi+si, i, (+i& (+i& )e/o )e/omp mpo) o) (+ng +ngg +nggo o+n( +n(++ memp memp&n( &n(+i +i )es+d )es+d+*+ +*+n n 'enis 'enis d+n d+n +d+ +d+ pe*s pe*s+m +m++n ++n )epening+n p*ib+di m+&p&n )epening+n be*s+m+. D+/+m +sosi+si, p+*+ +nggo+n(+ me/+ me/+)& )&)+ )+n n -&b& -&b&ng ng+n +n sosi sosi+/, +/, )on )on+) +) d+n d+n )om& )om&ni ni)+ )+si si,, se*+ se*+ memi memi/i /i)i )i i)+ i)++n +n o*g+nis+si o*m+/. 5ono-: neg+*+, se)o/+-, d+n /+in/+in. Ke/ompo) Sosi+/ Dip+nd+ng d+*i S&d& Indi=id& S&+& indi=id& me*&p+)+n )e/ompo) )e2i/ d+*i s&+& )e/ompo) sosi+/ ++s d+s+* &si+, )e/&+*g+, )e)e*+b++n, se)s, pe)e*'++n, -+/ e*seb& membe*i)+n )ed&d&)+n p*esise e*en&ses&+i +d+ isi+d+. Deng+n )++ /+in )e+nggo++n d+/+m m+s(+*+)+ id+) se/+/& g*+is.
10
E. Ke/ompo)) Ke/ompo))e/omp e/ompo) o) Sosi+/ (+ng e*+ e*+&* &* d+n id+) id+) e*+ e*+&* &* Ke/ompo) e*+&* me*&p+)+n )e/ompo) (+ng memp&n(+i pe*+&*+n eg+s d+n seng+'+ di2ip+)+n +nggo++nggo+n(+ &n&) meng+&* -&b&ng+n +n+*me*e)+. 5i*i2i*i )e/ompo) e*+&*, (+i& : +. Memi Memi/i /i)i )i iden ideni i+s +s )o/e )o/e)i )i (+ng (+ng eg+ eg+ss ?mis ?mis+/n +/n(+ (+ +mp+ +mp+) ) p+d+ p+d+ n+m+ n+m+)e )e/o /omp mpo) o),, simbo/ )e/ompo),d//@. b. Memi/i)i d++* +nggo+ (+ng *in2i. 2. Memi/i)i Memi/i)i p*og*+m p*og*+m )egi++n )egi++n (+ng (+ng e*&smene e*&smene*&s *&s di+*+-)+n di+*+-)+n )ep+d+ )ep+d+ pen2+p+i pen2+p+i+n +n &'&+n &'&+n (+ng 'e/+s. d. Memi/i Memi/i)i )i p*osed p*osed&* &* )e+ngg )e+nggo+ o++n. +n. 5ono5ono- )e/ompo) )e/ompo) e*+&* +n+*+ /+in be*b+g+i be*b+g+i pe*)&mp&/+ pe*)&mp&/+n n pe/+'+* ++& m+-+sis3+, m+-+sis3+, ins+nsi peme*in+-+n, p+*po/, o*g+nis+si m+ss+, pe*&s+-++n, d+n /+in/+in. Ke/ompo))e/ompo) sosi+/ (+ng id+) e*+&* e*di*i d+*i be*b+g+i m+2+m, (+i& : 1. Ke*& Ke*&m& m&n+ n+n n ?5*o ?5*o3d 3d@@ Ke*&m& Ke*&m&n+n n+n ?5*o3d@ ?5*o3d@ +d+/++d+/+- indi=i indi=id& d& (+ng (+ng be*)&m be*)&mp&/ p&/ se2+*+ se2+*+ be*s+m be*s+m++n ++n se*+ se*+ )ebe&/+n di s&+& emp+ d+n '&g+ p+d+ 3+)& (+ng be*s+m++n. Ke*& Ke*&m& m&n+ n+n n +)+n +)+n se/+/ se/+/& & e*'+ e*'+di di p+d+ p+d+ sem&+ sem&+ /+pi /+pis+n s+n m+s( m+s(+*+ +*+)+ )+ di )o+ )o+ bes+* bes+* )e*&m&n+n e*'+di )+*en+ b+n(+)n(+ be*b+g+i m+2+m +)i=i+s m+n&si+ (+ng d+p+ menimb&/)+n d+(+ +*i) s&+& m+ss+ (+ng se/+n'&n(+ be*)&mp&/ p+d+ s&+& emp+ e*en&. 5i**i2i*i po)o) )e*&m&n+n +d+/+- be*)&mp&/n(+ indi=id&indi=id& se2+*+ isi), (+ng '&m/+- b++s+nn(+ +d+/+- se/+m+ m++ d+n e/ing+ d+p+ d+p+ me/i-+ d+n menden mendeng+* g+*)+n )+nn( n(+. +. Ke*&m& Ke*&m&n+n n+n +)+n +)+n sege*+ sege*+ -i/+ng -i/+ng see/+see/+- m+sing m+singm+ m+sing sing indi=id& e*seb& meningg+/)+n emp+ dim+n+ sebe/&mn(+ s ebe/&mn(+ i+ be*)&mp&/. 7en&)ben&) )e*&m&n+n, (+i& : +. Ke*&m e*&m& &n+n n+n A) A)i i +np+ +np+ +d+n(+ +d+n(+ s*&)& s*&)&** o*g+ni o*g+nis+si s+si,, m+)+ m+)+ pemb+g pemb+gi+n i+n )e*'+ )e*'+ d+n +&*+n +&*+n+& +&*+n *+n e*en& d+/+m s&+& )e*&m&n+n be*+)ib+ neg+i=e. Ke*&m&n+n id+) *+son+/, (+ng (+ng +d+ -+n(+/+-+n(+/+- /&+p+n /&+p+n emosi, emosi, id+) id+) p&+s, p&+s, )em+*+)em+*+-+n +n d+n )e'eng )e'eng)e/ )e/+n, +n, ge/is+ge/is+- d+n )eeg+ )eeg+ng+ ng+n n e*en e*en& & me*&p+ me*&p+)+n )+n s&+& s&+& do*ong do*ong+n +n e*en e*en& & &n&) &n&) memb+ng)i)+n )e*&m&n+n +)i. b. Ke*&m&n+n E)sp*ei +d+/++d+/+- )e*&m& )e*&m&n+n n+n (+ng (+ng did+s+* did+s+*ii o/eo/e- /&+p+n /&+p+n emosi, emosi, (+i& (+i& dis+mp dis+mping ing +np+ +np+ s+s+*+n (+ng 'e/+s, '&g+ -+n(+ se)ed+* /&+p+n emosi ++& )eeg+ng+n sem++. 7en&)ben&) )e*&m&n+n men&*& Kings/e( D+=is, (+i& : +. )e*&m )e*&m&n+ &n+n n (+ng (+ng be*+*i be*+*i)&/ )&/+si +si deng+n deng+n s*&)& s*&)&** sosi+/ sosi+/ K-+/+(+) K-+/+(+) penon penonon on ++& pendeng+* (+ng o*m+/ ?4o*m+/ +&dien2es@ me*&p+)+n )e*&m&n+n)e*&m&n+n (+ng memp&n(+i p&s+ pe*-+i+n d+n pe*s+m++n &'&+n, e+pi si+n(+ p+si, 2ono2ono-n(+ n(+ menon menonon on i/m. i/m. Ke/omp Ke/ompo) o) e)sp*es e)sp*esi i (+ng (+ng e/+e/+- di*en2 di*en2+n+) +n+)+n +n ?$/+nned Ep*essi=e %*o&p@ +d+/+- )e*&m&n+n (+ng p&s+ pe*-+i+nn(+ id+) begi& pening, e+pi memp&n(+i pe*s+m++n &'&+n (+ng e*simp&/ d+/+m +)ii+s +)ii+s )e*&m&n+n )e*&m&n+n e*seb& e*seb& se*+ )ep&+s+n )ep&+s+n (+ng di-+si/)+nn(+. di-+si/)+nn(+. 4&ngsin(+ 4&ngsin(+ +d+/+- seb+g+i pen(+/&* pen(+/&* )eeg+ng+n) )eeg+ng+n)eeg+n eeg+ng+n g+n (+ng di+/+mi o*+ng )+*en+ pe)e*'++n se-+*i-+*i, 2ono- o*+ng (+ng be*pes+, be*d+ns+, b. Ke*&m&n+n (+ng be*si+ semen+*+ ?5+s&+/ 2*o3ds@ K&mp&/+n (+ng )&*+ng men(en+ng) men(en+ng)+n +n ?in2on=enien ?in2on=enien +gg*eg+ion +gg*eg+ions@ s@ d+/+m )e*&m&n+n )e*&m&n+n i& )e-+di*+n )e-+di*+n 11
o*+ngo*+ng /+in me*&p+)+n -+/+ng+n e*-+d+p e*2+p+in(+ m+)s&d seseo*+ng. 5ono5ono- o*+ng o*+ngo*+ o*+ng ng (+ng (+ng +n*i +n*i )+*2is )+*2is,, o*+ng o*+ngo*+ o*+ng ng (ng (ng men&ng men&ngg& g& bis d+n seb+g+in(+. Ke*&m&n+n o*+ng (+ng sed+ng d+/+m )e+d++n p+ni) ?p+ni2 2*o3d@ (+i& o*+ngo*+ng (+ng be*s+m+s+m+ men(e/+m+)+n di*i d+*i s&+& b+-+(+. Ke*&m&n+n penonon ?spe2+o* 2*o3d@ )+*en+ ingin me/i-+ s&+& )e'+di+n e*en e*en&. &. Ke*&m&n Ke*&m&n+n +n sem+2+m sem+2+m ini -+mpi* -+mpi* s+m+ s+m+ deng+n deng+n )-+/+( )-+/+(+) +) penon penonon, on, e+p e+pii bed+ bed+n( n(++ +d+/ +d+/++- b+-3 b+-3++ )e*& )e*&m& m&n+ n+n n peno penon non on id+) id+) di*e di*en2+ n2+n+ n+)+ )+n, n, sed+ng)+n )egi++n)egi++n '&g+ p+d+ &m&mn(+ be/&m +) e*)end+/i)+n. 2. Ke*&m&n+n Ke*&m&n+n (+ng be*/+3+n+n be*/+3+n+n deng+n deng+n no*m+n no*m+no*m+ o*m+ -&)&m. -&)&m. Ke*&m&n+n (+ng be*ind+) emosion+/ Ke*& Ke*&m& m&n+ n+n n ini ini be*& be*&'& '&+n +n &n& &n&) ) men2+ men2+p+ p+ii s&+& s&+& &'& &'&+n +n e*e e*en n& & deng deng+n +n mempe*g&n+)+n )e)&++n isi) (+ng be*/+3+n+n deng+n no*m+ (+ng be*/+)& d+/+m m+s(+*+)+. Ke*&m&n+n (+ng be*si+ immo*+/, -+mpe* s+m+ deng+n )e/ompo) e)sp*eis. $e*b $e*bed ed++n ++nn( n(++ +d+/ +d+/++- (+ng (+ng pe*+ pe*+m+ m+ be*e be*en n+n +ng+ g+n n deng deng+n +n no*m no*m++ d+/+m d+/+m m+s(+*+)+. 5ono-n(+ +d+/+- o*+ngo*+ng (+ng +d+ d+/+m )em+b&)+n. !. $&b/i) $&b/i) se*ing diseb& deng+n )-+(+/+) &m&m ++& *esmi. $&b/i) b&)+n/+- )e/ompo) (+ng (+ng &&&&- ++& me*&p+ me*&p+)+n )+n )es+&+ )es+&+n. n. $+d+ $+d+ )-+(+/ )-+(+/+) +) *+m+i *+m+i ine*+) ine*+)si si di +n+*+ +n+*+ indi2id& indi2id& (+ng /+inn(+ /+inn(+ +d+/+- di/+)&)+n di/+)&)+n se2+*+ id+) /+ngs&ng /+ngs&ng (+)ni (+)ni me/+/&i me/+/&i medi+ )om&ni )om&ni)+si )+si.. Mis+/n( Mis+/n(++ m+'+/+m+'+/+-,, s&*+ s&*+ )+b+*, )+b+*, *+dio, *+dio, e/e=is e/e=isi. i. Anggo Anggo+ + (+ng (+ng bes+* bes+* d+/+m p&b/i) be*+)ib+ id+) e*d+p+n(+ p&s+ pe*-+i+n (+ng +'+m d+n )es+&+n id+) +d+. ing ing)+ )+- /+)& /+)& p*ib p*ib+d +dii d+*i d+*i p&b/ p&b/i) i) did+ did+s+* s+*)+ )+n n p+d+ p+d+ ing ing)+)+- /+)& /+)& ++s ++s pe*i/ pe*i/+) +)& & indi=id&. indi=id&. S&+& $&b/i)+)+n $&b/i)+)+n be*)&mp&/ be*)&mp&/ +p+bi/+ +p+bi/+ dibe*i ++i disi+*)+n disi+*)+n be*i+be*i+ be*i+be*i+ (+ng (+ng ben+*, ben+*, d+n en&n en&n(+ (+ +d+/++d+/+- be*i+ be*i+ (+ng (+ng men+*i) men+*i) b+gi b+gi i+p indi=id& indi=id& d+/+m d+/+m p&b/i).
4. 4+)o* 4+)o* $embe $emben& n&)+n )+n Ke/o Ke/ompo mpo) ) Sosi+/ Sosi+/ 7e*g+b&ng deng+n seb&+- )e/ompo) me*&p+)+n ses&+& (+ng m&*ni d+*i di*i sendi*i ++& '&g+ se2+*+ )ebe&/+n. Mis+/n(+, seseo*+ng e*/+-i* d+/+m )e/&+*g+ e*en&. e* en&. N+m&n, +d+ '&g+ (+ng me*&p+)+n seb&+- pi/i-+n. D&+ +)o* &+m+ (+ng +mp+)n(+ meng+*+-)+n pi/i-+n e*seb& +d+/+- )ede)++n d+n )es+m++n. 1. Kede)++n $eng $eng+* +*&&- ing ing)+ )+ )ede )ede)+ )++n +n,, ++& ++& )ede )ede)+ )++n +n geog geog*+ *+is is,, e*-+ e*-+d+ d+p p )ee* )ee*/i /ib+ b++n +n seseo*+ng seseo*+ng d+/+m seb&+- )e/ompo) )e/ompo) id+) bis+ di&)&*. Ki+ memben&) memben&) )e/ompo) be*m+in deng+n o*+ngo*+ng di se)i+* )i+. Ki+ be*g+b&ng deng+n )e/ompo) )egi )egi+ ++n +n sosi sosi+/ +/ /o)+ /o)+/. /. Ke/o Ke/omp mpo) o) e*s& e*s&s& s&n n ++s ++s indi indi=i =id& d&in indi di=i =id& d& (+ng (+ng s+/in s+/ing g be*ine*+)si. Sem+)in de)+ '+*+) geog*+is +n+*+ d&+ o*+ng, sem+)in m&ng)in me*e)+ me*e)+ s+/ing s+/ing me/i-+ me/i-+,, be*bi2 be*bi2+*+, +*+, d+n be*sos be*sosi+/i i+/is+si s+si.. Sing)+ Sing)+n( n(+, +, )ede)+ )ede)++n +n isi) isi) mening)+)+n pe/&+ng ine*+)si d+n ben&) )egi++n be*s+m+ (+ng mem&ng)in)+n e*ben e*ben&) &)n( n(++ )e/omp )e/ompo) o) sosi+/ sosi+/.. J+di, J+di, )ede)+ )ede)++n +n men&mb men&mb&-) &-)+n +n ine*+) ine*+)si, si, (+ng (+ng mem+in)+n pe*+n+n pening e*-+d+p e*ben&)n(+ )e/ompo) pe*em+n+n.
12
!. $emben $emben&) &)+n +n )e/ompo) )e/ompo) sosi+/ id+) -+n(+ -+n(+ e*g+n e*g+n&n &ng g p+d+ p+d+ )ede)+ )ede)++n +n isi), e+pi e+pi '&g+ )es+m++n di +n+*+ +nggo++nggo+n(+. S&d+- men'+di )ebi+s++n, o*+ng /ebis&)+ be*-&b&ng+n deng+n o*+ng (+ng memi/i)i )es+m++n deng+n di*in(+. Kes+m++n (+ng dim+)s&d +d+/+- )es+m++n min+, )epe*2+(++n, ni/+i, &si+, ing)+ ine/e'ensi, ++& )+*+)e*)+*+)e* pe*son+/ /+in. Kes+m++n '&g+ me*&p+)+n +2o* &+m+ d+/+m memi/i- 2+/on p+s+ng+n &n&) memben&) )e/ompo) sosi+/ (+ng diseb& )e/&+*g+.
%. H&b&ng+n H&b&ng+n Ke/ompo Ke/ompo) ) Sosi+/ deng+n deng+n Ine*+)si Ine*+)si Sosi+/ Sosi+/ Ine*+)si sosi+/ Me*&p+) Me*&p+)+n +n s&+& s&+& ond+si ond+si d+*i d+*i -&b&ng -&b&ng+n +n (+ng (+ng be*&p+ be*&p+ ind+) ind+)+n +n (+ng (+ng be*d+s be*d+s+*) +*)+n +n no*m+ d+n no*m+ d+n ni/+i ni/+i sosi+/ sosi+/ (+ng be*/+)& d+n die*+p)+n di d+/+m m+s(+*+)+ m+s(+*+)+.. Deng+n +d+n(+ ni/+i d+n ni/+i d+n no*m+ no*m+ (+ng (+ng be*/+)&, ine*+)si ine*+)si sosi+/ sosi+/ i& sendi*i d+p+ be*/+ngs&ng deng+n b+i) 'i)+ +&*+n +&*+n d+n ni/+i 0 ni/+i (+ng +d+ d+p+ di/+)&)+n deng+n b+i). Ji)+ id+) +d+n(+ )es+d+*+n ++s p*ib+di m+sing 0 m+sing, m+)+ p*oses sosi+/ i& sendi*i id+) d+p+ be*'+/+n ses&+i deng+n (+ng )i+ -+*+p)+n. Di d+/+m )e-id&p+n se-+*i 0 -+*i en&n(+ m+n&si+ id+) d+p+ /ep+s d+*i -&b&ng+n +n+*+ s+& deng+n (+ng /+inn(+, i+ +)+n se/+/& pe*/& &n&) men2+*i indi=id& ++&p&n )e/omp )e/ompo) o) /+in &n&) &n&) d+p+ d+p+ be*in be*ine*+) e*+)si si ++&p& ++&p&n n be*&) be*&)+* +* pi)i*+n pi)i*+n.. Men&*& Men&*& $*o. D*. Soe*'ono Soe)+mo di Soe)+mo di d+/+m peng+n+* sosio/ogi, ine*+)si sosi+/ me*&p+)+n )&n2i *o+si sem&+ )e-id&p+n )e-id&p+n sosi+/. Deng+n id+) +d+n(+ )om&ni)+si )om&ni)+si ++&p&n ine*+)si ine*+)si +n+* +n+* s+& s+m+ /+in m+)+ id+) m&ng)in +d+ )e-id&p+n be*s+m+. Ji)+ -+n(+ isi) (+ng s+/ing be*-+d+p+n +n+*+ s+& s+m+ /+in, id+) d+p+ meng-+si/)+n s&+& ben&) )e/ompo) sosi+/ (+ng d+p+ s+/ing be*ine*+)si. be*ine*+)si. M+)+ d+*i i& d+p+ diseb&)+n diseb&)+n b+-3+ ine*+)si me*&p+)+n me*&p+)+n d+s+* d+*i s&+& ben&) p*oses sosi+/ )+*en+ +np+ +d+n(+ ine*+)si sosi+/, m+)+ m+)+ )egi++ )egi++n0) n0)egi egi++n ++n +n+* +n+* s+& indi=id indi=id& & deng+n deng+n (+ng (+ng /+in id+) id+) d+p+ d+p+ diseb& diseb& ine*+)si. S(+*+ ine*+)si sosi+/ Men&*& Soe*'ono Soe)+no, ine*+)si sosi+/ id+) m&ng)in e*'+di +np+ +d+n(+ d&+ s(+*+, (+i& )on+) sosi+/ d+n )om&ni)+si. Kontak Sosial
K++ B)on+)C ?Ingg*is ?Ingg*is:: Bcontact @ @ be*+s be*+s+/ +/ d+*i d+*i b+-+s+ L+in con con + ++& cum cum (+ng +*in(+ be*s+m+s+m+ d+n tangere (+ng tangere (+ng +*in(+ men(en&-. J+di, )on+) be*+*i be*s+m+ s+m+ men(en&-. men(en&-. D+/+m penge*i+n penge*i+n sosio/ogi, sosio/ogi, )on+) sosi+/ id+) se/+/& e*'+di e*'+di me/+/&i me/+/&i ine*+)si ++& -&b&ng+n isi), seb+b o*+ng bis+ me/+)&)+n )on+) sosi+/ deng+n pi-+) /+in +np+ men(en&-n men(en&-n(+, (+, mis+/n(+ bi2+*+ me/+/&i e/epon, e/epon, *+dio, ++& s&*+ e/e)*oni). e/e)*oni). O/e- )+*en+ i&, -&b&ng+n isi) id+) men'+di s(+*+ &+m+ e*'+din(+ )on+). Kon+) sosi+/ memi/i)i si+si+ be*i)&. 1. Kon+) Kon+) sosi+/ d+p+ d+p+ be*si+ be*si+ posii posii ++& neg+i. neg+i. Kon+) Kon+) sosi+/ sosi+/ posii posii meng+*+meng+*+- p+d+ p+d+ s&+& )e*'+ s+m+, sed+ng)+n )on+) sosi+/ neg+i meng+*+- p+d+ s&+& pe*en+ng+n ++& )on/i). 13
!. Kon+) Kon+) sosi+/ d+p+ d+p+ be*si+ p*ime* p*ime* ++& se)&nde* se)&nde*.. Kon+) Kon+) sosi+/ sosi+/ p*ime* e*'+di e*'+di +p+bi/+ p+*+ pese*+ ine*+)si be*em& m&)+ se2+*+ /+ngs&ng. Mis+/n(+, )on+) +n+*+ g&*& d+n m&*id di d+/+m )e/+s, pen'&+/ d+n pembe/i di p+s+* *+dision+/, ++& pe*em&+n +(+- d+n +n+) di me'+ m+)+n. Semen+*+ i&, )on+) se)&nde* e*'+di +p+bi/+ ine*+)si be*/+ngs&ng me/+/&i s&+& pe*+n+*+. Mis+/n(+, pe*2+)+p+n me/+/&i e/epon. Kon+) se)&nd se)&nde* e* d+p+ d+p+ di/+)& di/+)&)+n )+n se2+*+ se2+*+ /+ngs& /+ngs&ng ng d+n id+) id+) /+ngs& /+ngs&ng. ng. Kon+) Kon+) se)&nd se)&nde* e* /+ngs&ng mis+/n(+ e*'+di s++ )e&+ RW meng&nd+ng )e&+ R d++ng )e *&m+-n(+ me/+/&i e/epon. Semen+*+ 'i)+ Ke&+ RW men(&*&- se)*e+*isn(+ men(+mp+i)+n pes+n )ep+d+ )e&+ R +g+* d++ng )e *&m+-n(+, (+ng e*'+di +d+/+- )on+) se)&nde* id+) /+ngs&ng. Komunikasi
Kom&ni Kom&ni)+s )+sii me*&p+ me*&p+)+n )+n s(+*+ s(+*+ e*'+di e*'+din(+ n(+ ine*+) ine*+)si si sosi+/. sosi+/. H+/ e*pen e*pening ing d+/+m d+/+m )om&ni)+si (+i& +d+n(+ )egi++n s+/ing men+si*)+n pe*i/+)& ?pembi2+*++n, ge*+)+n ge*+)+n isi), ++& si)+p@ d+n pe*+s++npe*+s++n (+ng dis+mp+i)+n. Ad+ /im+ &ns&* po)o) d+/+m )om&ni)+si (+i& (+i& seb+g+i be*i)& : 1. Kom&ni)+ Kom&ni)+o*, o*, (+i& (+i& o*+ng (+ng (+ng men(+mp+i) men(+mp+i)+n +n pes+n, pes+n, pe*+s++n, pe*+s++n, ++& pi)i*+n pi)i*+n )ep+d+ )ep+d+ pi-+) /+in. !. Kom&ni Kom&ni)+n )+n,, (+i& (+i& o*+ng ++& se)e/omp se)e/ompo) o) o*+ng (+ng di)i*im di)i*imii pes+n, pes+n, pi)i*+n pi)i*+n,, ++& pe*+s++n. #. $es+n $es+n,, (+i& (+i& ses& ses&+ +& & (+ng (+ng dis+m dis+mp+i p+i)+ )+n n o/eo/e- )om& )om&ni ni)+ )+o o*. *. $es+n $es+n d+p+ d+p+ be*& be*&p+ p+ ino*m+si, ins*&)si, d+n pe*+s++n. 8. Medi+, (+i& (+i& +/+ &n&) &n&) men(+mp+i)+ men(+mp+i)+n n pes+n. Medi+ Medi+ )om&ni)+ )om&ni)+si si d+p+ be*&p+ be*&p+ /is+n, /is+n, &/is+n, g+mb+*, d+n i/m. 9. Ee), (+i& (+i& pe*&b+-+n pe*&b+-+n (+ng (+ng di-+*+p)+n di-+*+p)+n e*'+di e*'+di p+d+ )om&ni )om&ni)+n, )+n, see/+see/+- mend+p+)+ mend+p+)+n n pes+n d+*i )om&ni)+o*.
14
7A7 III $ENUU$ KESIM$ULAN DAN SARAN
1. Do*ong+n Do*ong+n +p+ (+ng (+ng men(eb+b) men(eb+b)+n +n m+n&si+ m+n&si+ ingin -id&p d+/+m )e/ompo )e/ompo) ) so2i+/ : +. Do*ong Do*ong+n +n &n&) &n&) mempe* mempe*+-+ +-+n)+ n)+n n -id&p -id&p.. b. Do*ong+n &n&) mene*&s)+n mene*&s)+n )e&*&n+n. 2. Do*ong+n Do*ong+n &n&) mening)+) mening)+)+n +n eisiensi eisiensi d+n ee)i=i+s ee)i=i+s )e*'+. )e*'+. !. 4+)o* 4+)o* pemben pemben&) &) )e/omp )e/ompo) o) sosi+/ sosi+/>> +. Kede)++n 1@ Kede)+ Kede)++n +n geog* geog*+is +is emp emp+ + ingg ingg+/. +/. !@ Kede)+ Kede)++n +n geog*+ geog*+is is d+e*+ d+e*+- +s+/ +s+/ b. Kes+m++n 1@ Kes+ Kes+m+ m++n +n )epe )epen nin ing+ g+n n !@ Kes+ Kes+m+ m++n +n )e& )e&*& *&n+ n+n n #@ Kes+ Kes+m+ m++n +n n+si n+sib b #. 5i*i 5i*i2i 2i*i *i )e/ )e/om ompo po) ) sosi+ sosi+/: /: +. Me*&p+)+n Me*&p+)+n s+&+n s+&+n (+ng (+ng n(++ d+n d+n d+p+ d+p+ dibed+)+n dibed+)+n d+*i d+*i )es+&+n )es+&+n m+n&si+ m+n&si+ (+ng (+ng /+in. b. Memi/i)i s*&)&* sosi+/, (+ng sei+p +nggo+n(+ memi/i)i s+&s d+n pe*+n e*en&. 2. Memi/i)i Memi/i)i no*m+no*m no*m+no*m++ (+ng meng+&* meng+&* di +n+*+ -&b&n -&b&ng+n g+n p+*+ p+*+ +nggo+n( +nggo+n(+. +. d. Memi/i Memi/i)i )i )epen )epening ing+n +n be*s+m be*s+m++ e. Ad+n(+ Ad+n(+ ine*+)si ine*+)si d+n )om&ni)+si )om&ni)+si di+n+*+ di+n+*+ p+*+ p+*+ +nggo+n +nggo+n(+. (+. 8. 7+g+im+n+ 7+g+im+n+ no*m+no*m no*m+no*m++ )e/ompo) )e/ompo) sosi+/ sosi+/ d+p+ e*ben&) e*ben&) No*m+ No*m+ m&n2&/ m&n2&/ me/+/&i me/+/&i p*oses p*oses ine*+)si (+ng pe*/+-+n/+-+n di +n+*+ +nggo+ )e/ompo). No*m+ e*ben&) d+*i p*oses +)&m&/+i ine*+)si )e/ompo). 9. A*i pening pening -id&p -id&p be*)e/omp be*)e/ompo) o) d+/+m )e/omp )e/ompo) o) sosi+/: sosi+/: 7+-3+ 7+-3+ -id&p be*)e/o be*)e/ompo mpo) ) p+d+ )e/ompo) sosi+/ s+ng+ pening&n&) mempe*m&d+- d+/+m memen&-i )eb&&-+n -id&p.
Sepe*i e/+- diseb&)+n b+-3+ pemb+-+s+n m+)+/+- ini be*&'&+n &n&) memb+n& m+s(+*+) m+s(+*+)+ + s&p+(+ s&p+(+ /ebi/ebi- mem+-+ mem+-+mi mi +*i )e/omp )e/ompo) o) sosi+/ sosi+/ se2+*+ se2+*+ &&&&- ++& ++& id+) id+) se2+*+ se2+*+ p+*si+/. $emb+-+s+n p+d+ m+)+/+-, s+/+- s+&n(+ mene*+ng)+n b+-3+ )e/ompo) sosi+/ me*& me*&p+ p+)+ )+n n -imp -imp&n &n+n +n m+n& m+n&si si++ (+ng (+ng s+/i s+/ing ng -id& -id&p p be*s be*s+m +m++ d+n d+n men' men'+/ +/+n +nii s+/i s+/ing ng )ee*g+n&ng+n deng+n s+d+* d+n o/ong meno/ong.
15
D+*i +*i ini s+'+ 'e/+s b+-3+ m+n&si+ +)+n meme*/&)+n b+n&+n o*+ng /+in d+/+m men'+/+ men'+/+ni ni )e-id& )e-id&p+n p+n sosi+/. sosi+/. K+s&s K+s&s (+ng (+ng )+mi )+mi +mbi/ +mbi/ seb+g+ seb+g+ii /++* /++* be/+)+ be/+)+ng ng pemb&+ pemb&++n +n m+)+/+ini me*&p+)+n s+& ben&) o/ong meno/ong e*-+d+p +nggo+ )e/ompo)n(+ (+ng e*+ni+(+, n+m&n 2ende*&ng 2ende*&ng men(+/+-i men(+/+-i no*m+ d+n en&n(+ id+) diben+*)+n diben+*)+n d+/+m +g+m+. ind+)+n ind+)+n des*&)i id+) +)+n men(e/es+i)+n s&+& m+s+/+-, m+/+- +)+n men&mb&-)+n dend+m (+ng be*)ep+n'+ng+n. D+*i D+*i sini/+ sini/+- p+& p+& dip+-+m dip+-+mii b+-3+ b+-3+ +d+n(+ +d+n(+ *+s+ sepen+ sepen+ngg ngg&ng &ng+n +n ses+m+ ses+m+ +nggo +nggo++ )e/ompo) p+& diimb+ngi deng+n )ee*b&)++n e*-+d+p )e/ompo) /+in +g+* n+nin(+ )i+ id+) +)+n be*si+ e*/+/& +n+i) p+d+ )e/ompo) sosi+/ sendi*i. DA4AR $USAKA
Abd&/s(+ni. 1!. Sosio/ogi s)em+i)+, eo*i, d+n e*+p+n. 7+nd+* L+mp&ng : 7&mi +)s+*+. Di*d'osis3o*o Soed'ono.1<9. Sosio/ogi peng+n+* &n&) m+s(+*+)+ Indonesi+. 7+nd&ng: A/&mni. M. Hens/in J+mes. !;. Sosio/ogi deng+n pende)++n memb&mi. J+)+*+ : E*/+ngg+. -p:s2ooe*is.m&/ip/(.2om'o&*n+/iem11KELOM$OKSOSIAL Soe)+no, S&*'ono. !. Sosio/ogi S&+& $eng+n+*. J+)+*+: $ R+'+%*+indo $e*s+d+. -p:id.3i)ipedi+.2om)e/ompo)sosi+/
16
