BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang
Parasitologi adalah ilmu yang berisi kajian tantang organisme (jasad hidup), yang hidup di permukaan atau di dalam tubuh organisme lain dapat bersifat sementara waktu atau selama hidupnya, dengan cara mengambil sebagian atau seluruh fasilitas hidupnya dari organisme lain tersebut, hingga organisme lain tersebut dirugikan. Organisme atau makhluk hidup hidup yang yang menump menumpang ang disebu disebutt dengan dengan parasit parasit.. Organi Organisme sme atau atau makhlu makhluk k hidup hidup yang yang ditumpangi biasanya lebih besar daripada parasit disebut Host atau Hospes, yang memberi makanan dan perlindungan fisik kepada parasit. Meny Menyada adari ri akib akibat at yang yang dapa dapatt diti ditimb mbul ulka kan n oleh oleh gang ganggu guan an para parasit sit terh terhad adap ap kesejah kesejahtera teraan an manusi manusia, a, maka maka perlu perlu dilaku dilakukan kan usaha usaha penceg pencegaha ahan n dan pengen pengendal dalian ian penyakitnya. ehubungan dengan hal tersebut maka sangat diperlukan suatu pengetahuan tentang kehidupan organisme parasit yang bersangkutan se lengkapnya. B. Rumusan Masalah
!.
"pakah yang dimaksud dengan parasitologi serta klasifikasinya#
$.
"pakah yang dimaksud dengan proto%oologi#
&.
"pakah yang dimaksud dengan helmintologi#
'.
"pakah yang dimaksud dengan entomologi#
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
C. Tu Tujuan juan Penulisan
!.
ntuk mengetahui pengertian dari parasitologi serta klasifikasinya.
$.
ntuk mengetahui pengertian dari proto%oologi.
&.
ntuk mengetahui pengertian dari helmintologi.
'.
ntuk mengetahui pengertian dari entomologi.
D. Manfaat Penulisan
!.
Mahasiswa (i) mengetahui pengertian dari parasitologi serta klasifikasinya.
$.
Mahasiswa (i) mengetahui pengertian dari proto%oologi.
&.
Mahasiswa (i) mengetahui pengertian dari helmintologi.
'.
Mahasiswa (i) mengertahui pengertian dari entomologi.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
BAB II PEMBAHAAN
A. Penger Pengertia tian n Parasi Parasit!l t!l!gi !gi
ata parasitologi berasal dari kata parasitos yang berarti jasad yang mengambil makanan, makanan, dan logos logos yang berarti ilmu. *erdasarkan istilah, parasitologi parasitologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari organisme yang hidup untuk sementara ataupun tetap di dalam atau pada permukaan organisme lain untuk mengambil makanan sebagian atau seluruhnya dari organisme tersebut.*eberapa istilah penting yang perlu diketahui, antara lain + !. imbio imbiose, se, merupaka merupakan n bentuk bentuk hidup hidup bersam bersamaa dua jenis jenis organ organism ismee yang yang bersifa bersifatt permanen dan tidak bisa dipisahkan. "da beberapa jenis simbiose, yaitu + a. imbio imbiose se mutual mutualism isme, e, yaitu simbiose simbiose yang saling saling mengu menguntu ntungk ngkan an bagi kedua jenis organisme tersebut. b. imbiose komensalisme, yaitu simbiose dimana satu pihak mendapat keuntungan sedangkan yang lain tidak dirugikan. c. imbiose imbiose parasitism parasitisme, e, yaitu yaitu simbiose simbiose dimana satu jenis jenis mendapatk mendapatkan an makanan makanan dan keuntungan, sedangkan yang lain dirugikan bahkan dibunuh. d. imbio imbiose se obliga obligat, t, yaitu bentuk bentuk simbio simbiose se dimana dimana parasitny parasitnyaa tidak tidak dapat hidup hidup tanpa hospes. e. imbio imbiose se fakultatif fakultatif,, yaitu yaitu simbiose simbiose dimana dimana parasitny parasitnyaa dapat dapat hidup hidup walaupun walaupun tanpa hospes. f. imbiose imbiose monokse monoksen, n, yaitu yaitu simbiose simbiose dimana dimana parasitny parasitnyaa hanya hanya dapat hidup hidup pada satu spesies hospes. g. imbiose imbiose poliksen, poliksen, yaitu yaitu simbiose simbiose yang yang menghing menghinggapi gapi lebih lebih dari satu satu spesies. spesies. h. imbio imbiose se parasi parasitt permane permanen, n, yaitu bnetuk bnetuk simbiose simbiose dimana dimana parasitny parasitnyaa selama selama
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
$. Hospes, Hospes, yaitu organ organisme isme yang yang merupakan merupakan tempat tempat atau organism organismee yang dihingg dihinggapi api parasit. -ikenal ada beberapa jenis hospes,yaitu + a. Hospes Hospes defenitif, defenitif, yaitu yaitu hospes hospes dimana dimana terdapat terdapat parasit dalam stadium stadium dewasa dewasa di dalam tubuh hospes terjadi perkembangbiakan secara seksual. b. Hospes paratenik, yaitu hospes dimana parasit hanya terdapat dalam stadium lara dan tidak dapat berkembang menjadi stadium dewasa dan tidak terjadi perkembangbiakan parasit secara seksual dan parasit ini dapat ditularkan kepada hospes defenitif karena parasit dalam stadium ini merupakan stadium infektif. c. Hosp Hospes es inte interme rmedi diat atee (per (peran anta tara) ra),, yait yaitu u hosp hospes es dima dimana na para parasit sit di dalam dalamny nyaa menjadi bentuk infektif yang siap ditularkan kepada hospes/manusia yang lain. d. Hospes Hospes reseroi reseroir, r, yaitu yaitu hewan yang yang mengan mengandun dung g parasit parasit yang yang sama dengan dengan parasit manusia dan dapat menjadi sumber infeksi bagi manusia. e. Hospes Hospes obligat, obligat, yaitu yaitu hospes hospes tunggal tunggal yang yang merupakan merupakan satusatuny satusatuny spesies spesies yang dapatmenjadi tuan rumah dari parasite dewasa. f. Hosp Hospes es alter alterna natif tif,, yaitu yaitu hospe hospess utam utamaa yang yang meng mengan andu dung ng paras parasit it namu namun n ada ada spesies lain yang dapat sebagai hospes yang mengandung parasite dewasa. g. Hospes Hospes insidental, insidental, yaitu yaitu bila bila suatu spesies spesies secara secara kebetulan kebetulan dapat dapat mengandun mengandung g parasit dewasa, padahal hospes yang sesungguhnya sesungguhnya adalah spesies lain. &. 0ektor, ktor, yaitu hewan hewan yang di dalam dalam tubuhnya tubuhnya terjadi terjadi perkembangbi perkembangbiakan akan dari parasit, parasit, dan parasit itu dapat ditularkan kepada manusia atau hewan lainnya. *iasanya yang berperan sebagai ektor adalah serangga. '. 1oonosis, 1oonosis, yaitu yaitu parasit parasit hewan hewan yang yang dapat dapat ditularkan ditularkan kepada manusia. manusia. ecara ecara umum, umum, pembag pembagian ian parasi parasitt berdas berdasark arkan an atas atas jenis jenis parasit parasit terseb tersebut ut yaitu yaitu kelompok tumbuhan atau kelompok binatang. "tas dasar ini parasit dibagi menjadi+ a. 1oop 1oopara arasit sit,, yaitu yaitu para parasit sit yang yang beru berupa pa maka makana nan. n. 1oop 1oopara arasit sit diba dibagi gi menj menjad adii & yaitu + proto%oa, proto%oa, meta%oa (bersel banyak) banyak) seperti cacing dan arthropoda arthropoda (antara
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
c. pirochaeta pirochaeta dan 0irus. 0irus. ebagian ebagian besar besar ilmuwan ilmuwan sependapat sependapat bahwa bahwa kelompok kelompok ini ini tidak dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok kel ompok binatang atau tumbuhan. elain pembagian tersebut di atas, parasit dapat dibagi berdasarkan letak atau tempat dimana parasit tersebut hidup. ehingga dikenal istilah + !) 3ndoparasi 3ndoparasit, t, yaitu yaitu jenis jenis parasit parasit yang hidup hidup di dalam dalam tubuh hospes. hospes. $) 3ktoparasit, 3ktoparasit, yaitu yaitu jenis parasit parasit yang yang hidup di di luar/dipermu luar/dipermukaan kaan tubuh tubuh hospes. hospes. Parasitologi yang mempelajari hubungan antara manusia dan penyebab kesakitan atau kematia kematian n bagi bagi manusi manusiaa disebu disebutt Parasit Parasitolo ologi gi kedokt kedokteran eran (Medical (Medical parasit parasitolo ologi) gi).. Penyebab kesakitan dan kematian pada manusia tesebut dapat dari proto%oa, helminthes (kelompok cacing), arthropoda, fungi (jamur) dan irus. elain pembagian parasit sebagaimana di atas, klasifikasi parasit dapat berdasarkan jenis organisme parasit, sehingga pembagian parasit sebagai berikut + !. Proto%oa, Proto%oa, parasit parasit yang berasal berasal dari proto% proto%oa oa dibagi dibagi dalam ' kelas, kelas, yaitu yaitu + poro%oa, poro%oa, 4hi%opoda, 2lagellata/Mastighopora, dan 5iliata. $. Helminthes Helminthes (Helmin (Helmin atau atau kelompok kelompok cacing), cacing), helmint helmintes es dibagi dibagi menjadi menjadi $ kelas, yaitu yaitu + 6emathelmintes,(antara lain 6ematoda dan Plathelmintes (termasuk 7rematoda dan 5estoda). &. 2ung 2ungi/ i/8a 8amu mur r '. "rthropoda "rthropoda.. -imana arthrop arthropoda oda yang pentin penting g dalam bidang bidang kesehatan, kesehatan, adalah adalah kelas He9apoda (insekta) yang terdiri dari : ordo. B. Pr!t Pr!t!" !"!! !!l! l!gi gi !. -efenisi
Proto%oologi adalah ilmu yang berisi kajian tentang hewan bersel satu yang hidup sebagai parasit pada manusia. edangkan proto%oa adalah hewan bersel satu yang dapat
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
$. Morfologi truktur dari sel proto%oa terdiri dari dua bagian,antara lain+ a. ito itopl plasm asma, a, terdi terdiri ri dar darii + !) 3kto 3ktopl plasm asmaa yaitu yaitu bagian bagian luar luar yang yang terd terdiri iri dari hialin hialin yang yang jerni jernih h dan dan homogen dengan struktur yang elastis. 2ungsinya sebagai + a) "lat "lat perg perger erak akan an,, b) Mengambil makanan, c) 3kskresi, d) 4esp 4espir iras asi, i, dan dan e) Mempe Memperta rtaha hank nkan an diri diri.. $) 3ndoplasma 3ndoplasma adalah adalah bagian bagian dalam dari dari sel, tidak jernih jernih yang yang berbutirbu berbutirbutir tir dan di dalamnya terdapat inti. -i dalam endoplasma ini terdapat akuola makanan, makanan cadangan, akuola kontraktil, benda asing, dan benda kromatoid. b. 6ukleus atau inti, memp memper erta taha hank nkan an
adalah
hidu hidup p
dan dan
bagian untu untuk k
terpenting repr reprod oduk uksi si
yang sert sertaa
diperlukan untu untuk k
untuk
meng mengat atur ur
metabolisme. &. 4eprod roduksi Proto%oa mempunyai dua cara reproduksi (berkembang biak), yaitu + a. 5ara 5ara aseksual aseksual (berk (berkemb embang ang biak biak tanpa tanpa perkaw perkawina inan) n) b. 5ara seksual (berkembang biak melalui perkawinan antara mikrogamet dan makrogamet) '. lasi lasifi fika kasi si Prot Proto% o%oa oa Proto% Proto%oa oa yang yang berper berperan an sebaga sebagaii parasit parasit pada pada manusi manusiaa dalam dalam dunia dunia kedokt kedokteran eran dibagi dalam ' kelas, yaitu + a. ela elass 4hi 4hi%o %opo poda da
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
!) ;enus ;enus entamo entamoeba eba denga dengan n inti 3ntam 3ntamoeb oebaa
3ntamoeba histolytica
b)
3ntamoeba coli
c)
3ntamoeba hartmani
d)
3ntamoeba gynggialis
$) ;enus ;enus 3ndol 3ndolima ima9 9 dengan dengan inti inti 3ndolim 3ndolima9 a9
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
oleh serabut akromatik. =ang termasuk genus ini adalah spesies -ientamoeba fragilis. Manusi Manusiaa merupa merupakan kan hospes hospes dari dari : spesies spesies 4hi%op 4hi%opoda oda yang yang > dianta diantarany ranyaa berhabitat di rongga usus besar, yaitu + 3. histolytica, 3. coli, 3. hartmani ,3.nana, <. butschili, dan -. fragilis, sedangkan satu spesies yaitu 3. gynggialis hidup di rongga mulut manusia. -ari : spesies ini hanya 3ntamoeba histolytica yang patogen sedang > spesies lainnya tidak patogen dan hidup komensal pada manusia. 7erdapat juga "moeba yang hidup bebas dan patogen, yaitu spesies 6aegleria fauleri dari genus 6aegleria dan "chanthanoeba culbertsoni dati genus "chanthanoeba. b. elas 5iliata elas ciliata adalah golongan proto%oa yang mempunyai badan yang diliputi oleh silia, terdiri dari benang yang berasal dari ektoplasma yang pendek dan halus dan sama panjang. ilia ini merupakan bulu getar yang dapat bergerak. -ari kelas ini hanya satu genus dan satu spesies yang penting dalam ilmu kedokteran, yaitu *alantidium coli. c. elas elas Masti Mastigo goph phor oraa (2la (2lage gell llata ata))
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
b) 7richomonas aginalis aginalis $) 2lag 2lagel ella lata ta dara darah h dan dan jari jaring ngan an,, yang ang meng mengin infe feks ksii sist sistem em ask askul ular ar dan dan bermacam jaringan tubuh. -ari golongan ini yang patogen terdapat dua genus, yaitu + a) ;enus ;enus ?eishman ?eishmania ia yang terdiri terdiri dari spesies spesies ?. donoa donoani, ni, ?. tropica, tropica, dan ?. brasiliensis. b) ;enus 7rypanosoma, 7rypanosoma, yang terdiri dari spesies 7. rhodesiense, 7. gambiense, dan 7. cru%i. Hamp Hampir ir semua semua golo golong ngan an flage flagella llata ta memp mempun unya yaii stadi stadium um trof trofo% o%oi oitt dan dan stadium kista, kecuali genus 7richomonas, yang hanya mempunyai stadium trofo%oi. trofo%oi. tadium trofo%oit mempunyai mempunyai beberapa beberapa flagel yang keluar keluar dari bleparoplas. 8uga terdapat membran bergelombang yang mempunyai dasar costa. adangkadan adangkadang g ada struktur yang tampak sebagai garis dari anterior ke posterior yang disebut a9ostyl. "da beberapa flagellata yang mempunyai sitosoma. 5ara berkembangbiak dari proto%oa ini secara aseksual dengan belah pasang longitudinal. d. ela elass p poro%o ro%oaa Parasit Parasit yang yang termasu termasuk k kelas kelas sporo% sporo%oa oa ini berkem berkemban bangbi gbiak ak bergan bergantia tian n secara secara seksual dan aseksual. Perkembangbiakan ini dapat terjadi dalam satu hospes
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
b) ;enus
+ 3ukaryota
2ilum
+ "moebo%oa
elas
+ "rchamoebae
Ordo
+ "moebida
;enus
+ 3ntamoeba
pesies
+ 3ntamoeba histolytica
Parasit ini tersebar luas di seluruh dunia, tapi lebih banyak di daerah tropis dan subtropis daripada di daerah beriklim sedang. Hospes dari parasit ini adalah manusia dan kera. -i 5ina, anjing dan tikus liar merupakan sumber infeksi infeksi bagi bagi manusi manusia. a. Falaup alaupun un bukan bukan merupa merupakan kan faktor faktor pentin penting g dalam dalam
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
berkembang lebih lanjut menjadi tropo%oit di dalam usus besar. -irongga usus usus halus halus dindin dinding g kista kista dihanc dihancurk urkan an , terjadi terjadi ekskis ekskistasi tasi dan keluarl keluarlah ah bentukbentuk minuta yang yang masuk kerongga usus besar. *entuk minuta dapat berubah menjadi bentuk histilytica yang patogen dan hidup di mukosa usus usus besar besar dan dapat dapat menimb menimbulk ulkan an gejala. gejala. -engan -engan aliran aliran darah, darah, bentuk bentuk histolytica dapat tersebar ke hati, paruparu, dan otak. $. Pato Patolo logi gi dan dan ;ej ;ejal alaa lin linik ik Masa inkubasi dari infeksi 3. histolytica ini berkisar antara ' sampai @ hari. aat stadium histolytica histolytica dari parasit ini memasuki memasuki mukosa mukosa usus besar, maka pada
stadium
ini
akan
mengeluarkan
en%im
histolisin
yang
akan
menghancurkan jaringan, lalu stadium histolytica ini akan memasuki lapisan subm submuk ukos osaa setel setelah ah mene menemb mbus us lapi lapisa san n musk muskul ulari ariss muko mukosa. sa. -i lapi lapisan san submukosa, "moeba ini akan memperbanyak diri dengan cara pembelahan menjadi jumlah yang banyak dan membentuk koloni dan menghancurkan jaringan di sekitarnya dan menjadi bahan yang sudah dihancurkannya menjadi menjadi makanan. makanan. emudian emudian "moeba "moeba akan bergerak bergerak ke segala segala arah dan meng menghan hancu curk rkan an daera daerah h subm submuk ukos osaa dan dan akan akan memb memben entu tuk k abses abses yang yang akhirnya pecah dan menimbulkan ulkus. ?esi yang terjadi merupakan ulkus
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
rongga usus dan dapat menyerang mukosa usus di sekitarnya dan dapat pula keluar dari tubuh tubuh manusia manusia bersama tinja. 7inja 7inja yang dikeluarkan dikeluarkan dari tubuh tubuh penderita akan bercampur dengan lender dan darah. 7empat 7empat yang sering dihinggapi dihinggapi oleh parasite parasite ini adalah sekum, sekum, rektum, rektum, dan kolon sigmoid. *ila infeksi berat maka dapat mengenai seluruh kolon dan rektum. -ise -isent ntri ri
amoe amoeba ba
meru merupa paka kan n
bent bentuk uk dari dari
amoe amoebi bias asis is..
;eja ;ejala la
yang yang
ditimbulkan seperti buang air besar disertai darah atau lendir, sakit perut, hilangnya selera makan, berat badan turun, demam dan rasa dingin. &. -iagnosis -iagnosis dapat ditegakkan dengan + a) b) c) d)
-iag -iagno nosi siss klin klinik ik,, -iagnosis laboratorium, 4ad 4adio foto foto,, dan dan 7es immu immuno nolo logi gi..
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
a) ;ejala ;ejala klinik, klinik, yaitu yaitu diare yang yang terjadi terjadi sekitar sekitar !E kali sehari sehari disertai disertai demam dan sindroma disentri. b) ?aboratorium, ditemukan 3. histolytica stadium s tadium histolytica pada tinja encer encer yang yang berca bercamp mpur ur dara darah. h. Pada Pada peme pemerik riksaa saan n darah darah terjad terjadii leukositosis. $) "moebi "moebiasis asis intesti intestinal nal kronis kronis *iasanya berupa gejala ringan tanpa demam, ada rasa tidak nyaman di perut dan rasa mual disertai diare yang bergantian dengan obstipasi. 7inja 7inja yang dikeluarkan biasanya padat, kadangkadang diliputi dara h dan lendir yang tidak merata. "moebiasis intestinal kronis dapat ditegakkan dengan+ a) ;eja ;ejala la klin klinik ik,, diar diaree berg bergan antia tian n deng dengan an obst obstipa ipasi si.. *ila *ila terjad terjadii eksa eksa serbasi akut, biasanya terjadi sindroma disentri. b) ?aboratorium, menemukan 3. hisolytica stadium kista pada tinja yang agak agak padat. padat. Pada Pada pemerik pemeriksaan saan ini lebih lebih sulit sulit untuk untuk menemu menemukan kan parasite ini, maka perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan tinja berulang sampai
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
a) Pemeriksaan Pemeriksaan klinik klinik,, sukar dibedakan dibedakan dengan dengan infeksi infeksi paru lainny lainnya, a, hal ini karena tidak ada laporan mengenai gejala klinik yang khas dari Pulmonary amoebiasis. b) ?aboratorium, sputum penderita yang berasal dari penyebaran amoebiasis secara hematogen akan ditemukan 3. histolytica stadium histolytica. '. Pengobatan -rug of choise dari 3. histolytica stadium histolytica pada dinding usus besar, hati, dan lesi pada alat yang terkena penyebaran penyebaran adalah + a) 3metin hydro chlorida chlorida dan -ehydroeme -ehydroemetin tin secara secara parenteral parenteral 3metin hydro chloride efektif terhadap bentuk histolytika. -an tidak dian dianju jurk rkan an pada pada wani wanita ta hamil hamil dan dan pend penderi erita ta gang ganggu guan an ginj ginjal al dan dan jantung. -H3 kurang toksik dibandingkan 3metin Hydro chlorida. Pemberian oral toksisitasnya tinggi dan absorpsinya rendah.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
"nak + &@ I @E mg / g** / hari dalam & dosis c)
3fektif untuk bentuk kista. Hanya efektif untuk "moebiasis @E mg selama $E hari -osis anak + &E 'E mg / g** / hari, terbagi dalam tiga dosis • d) Paro Paromo momy myci cin n •
Paromomycin Paromomycin termasuk dalam golongan aminoglyco aminoglycoside side dan bersifat bersifat amoebicida secara initro maupun inio. *ekerja langsung terhadap "moeba "moeba serta bersifat bersifat anti bakteri bakteri
baik baik terhada terhadap p organism organismee normal normal
maupun maupun patogen patogen dalam dalam usus. usus. Pember Pemberian ian oral oral hanya hanya sediki sedikitt yang yang di absorbs dan sangat toksik terhadap ginjal.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
C. Helm Helmin int! t!l! l!gi gi !. -efenisi
Helmintologi kedokteran adalah ilmu yang berisi kajian tentang parasit yang hidup pada manusia yang berupa cacing. *erdasrkan taksonomi, parasit cacing yang hidup pada manusia dibagi menjadi + a. 6ema 6emath thel elmi mint nthe hess L caci cacing ng bena benang ng,, yaitu aitu yang yang berb berbad adan an bula bulatt panj panjan ang g (silindris), mempunyai rongga badan,dan berjenis kelamin terpisah (jantan dan betina),terdiri dari + !) 6emat 6ematod odaa intes intesti tinal nal $) 6ema 6emato tode de jari jaring ngan an b. Plathyhelminthes L cacing pipih, tidak mempunyai rongga badan, dan biasanya mempunyai alat kelamin ganda atau hermafrodit, terdiri dari + !)
7rematoda (cacing daun)
a)
*erbentuk daun
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
6ematoda merupakan jumlah spesies yang terbesar di antara cacing yang hidup sebagai parasit pada manusia. 5acing yang hidup sebagai parasit pada manusia me mpunyai ciriciri sebagai berikut + a.
7idak bersegmen, berbentuk bulat seperti benang, benang, tubuh dilipiti kutikula.
b.
kuran besar dan panjang berbedabeda dari $ mm sampai lebih dari dari ! meter.
c.
Mempunyai kepala, ekor, ekor, dinding dan rongga badan, saluran pencernaan, sistem saraf,
sisten ekskresi, dan sistem reproduksi yang terpisah d.
Pada Pada umum umumny nyaa bert bertelu elur, r, adapul adapulaa yang yang iipa iipara ra atau atau berkem berkemban bangbi gbiak ak secara secara
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
6ematoda intestinal adalah nematoda yang berhabitat di saluran pencernaan manusi dan hewan. -iantara nematoda intestinal ini terdapat bebrapa spesies yang tergolong Aoil 7rans 7ransmit mitted ted Helmin HelminthB thB,, yaitu yaitu nemato nematode de yang yang dalam dalam siklus siklus hidupn hidupnya ya untuk untuk mencapa mencapaii stadi stadium um infe infekt ktif, if,me meme merlu rlukan kan tana tanah h deng dengan an kond kondisi isi terte tertent ntu, u, dian diantar tarany anyaa "scari scariss lumb lumbric ricoi oide des, s,
6ecat 6ecator or
ameri american canus us,,
"ncylos ncylosto toma ma
duod duoden enale ale,,
7rich richur uris is
trich trichuri uria, a,
trongiloi trongiloides des stercoralis, stercoralis, dan beberapa beberapa spesies 7richostrogy 7richostrogylus. lus. edangkan edangkan yang tidak memerlu memerlukan kan tergolon tergolong g oil oil 7ransm 7ransmitte itted d Helmin Helminth th 7richinella spiralis
adalah adalah O9yuri O9yuriss ermicu ermiculari lariss dan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
e)
6onperiodik, yaitu saat mikrofilaria berada berada dalam darah tepi sama sama siang dan malam,
jadi setiap saat mikrofilaria dapat ditemukan dalam darah tepi. -iantara nematoda jaringan yang penting dalam dunia kedokteran, ada beberapa spesies, yaitu + a)
Fuchereria Fuchereria bancrofti
b)
*ruhia malayi
c)
*rugia timori
d)
?oaloa
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
2asciolapsis buski
Heterophyes heterophyes
Fatsonius Fa tsonius watsoni
Metogonimus yocogaway
;astrodiscoides hominis
3chino stomatidae
c)
7rematoda paruparu (lung flukes)
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
*entuk badan seperti pita dan terdiri dari skolek, leher antara skolek dan badan, serta stro strobi bila la..
5ycl 5yclop ophi hill llid idea ea
umum umumny nyaa
memp mempun uny yai
satu satu
hosp hospes es
pera perant ntar ara, a,
seda sedang ng
Pseudophyllidea mempunyai dua hospes perantara. '.
5acing yang menginfeksi manusia
a.
O9yuris ermicularis (3nterobius ermicularis, ?innaeus !:@C)
!)
-efenisi
7aksonomi 7aksonomi 3nterobius ermicularis menurut 8effry dan ?each adalah sebagai berikut + ingdom
+ Meta%oa
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
anus anus akan akan menjad menjadii infekt infektif. if. Manusi Manusiaa akan akan terinfe terinfeksi ksi dengan dengan termaka termakanny nnyaa telur telur secara secara autoinfeksi dan retro infeksi.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
-iagnosa dapat ditegakkan dengan cara anal swab, yaitu pemeriksaan dengan mengadakan hapus anus penderita dengan menggunakan kertas selofan, kemudian kertas dihapuskan ke kaca benda object glass untuk dibuat preparat, disini baru akan dapat terlihat telur cacing tersebut. ;una menghindari hasil negatif palsu hendaknya specimen apusan perianal ini diambil sebelum daerah perianal terpapar air dalam pencucian.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
ecara terbatas, 3ntomologi 3ntomologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari mempelajari serangga. serangga. "kan tetapi, arti ini seringkali diperluas untuk mencakup ilmu yang mempelajari artropoda (hewan beruas ruas) lainnya, khususnya labalaba dan kerabatnya ("rachnida atau "rachnoidea), serta luwing dan kerabatnya (Millepoda dan 5entipoda).
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
"rthropoda "rthropoda ini juga mempunyai mempunyai saluran pencernaan, pencernaan, saluran pernapasan pernapasan yang disebut trakea, dan saraf yang terdiri dari otak dan ganglion, perdaran darah terbuka, dan sistem reproduksi dengan jenis kelamin terpisah jantan dan betina. &.
iklus hidup
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
!)
3ndoparasit 3ndoparasit yang hidup atau mengembara mengembara didalam didalam jaringan jaringan tubuh tubuh manusia manusia sebagai sebagai
hospes. $) &)
3ktoparasi yang hidup pada permukaan tubuh hospes. Parasit permanen, permanen, yaitu seluruh seluruh atau atau sebagian sebagian besar hidupnya hidupnya menghingga menghinggapi pi satu
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
*erdasarkan penting perananya dalam dunia kedokteran, maka filum arthropoda dibagi
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
*entuk tuma ini lonjong, pipih dorsoentral, berukuran !,E!,@ mm, warna kelabu, kepala
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
?esi pada kulit kepala disebabkan oleh tusukan tuma dan mulutnya pada waktu menghisap
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
d)
Malathion tersedia dalam bentuk bentuk lotion E,@ dan ! digunakan digunakan untuk untuk kutu di kepala kepala
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Proto%oologi adalah ilmu yang berisi kajian tentang hewan bersel satu yang hidup sebagai
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.