MAKALAH TEKNIK PEMBENTUKAN LOGAM
“STRETCH FORMING”
Di susun oleh : Kelo!o" #
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Pe9en1u"%n lo8% e$u!%"%n !$oses en8u9%h 9en1u" 9en2% "e$=% 6%n8 1e$9u%1 2%$i %1e$i%l lo8% 2en8%n el%"u"%n 2e'o$%si !l%s1is> Un1u" i1u 2i!e$lu"%n 8%6% !e9en1u"%n 6%n8 %"%n en8u9%h 9en1u" 9en2% "e$=% lo8% se?%$% !e$%nen> Un1u" !e9e$i%n 8%6% !e9en1u"%n 9i%s%n6% 2i8un%"%n !e$"%"%s< 1ools 6%n8 "eu2i%n %"%n en8%$%h"%n !e$u9%h%n 9en1u" 2%$i 9en2% "e$=%> P%2% e$% 1e"nolo8i o2e$n@ "e9u1uh%n %"%n !$o2u" lo8% 2en8%n 9en1u" 6%n8 le9ih "o!le"s se%"in enin8"%1> Oleh "%$en% i1u@ 9e$9%8%i %?% !en8e9%n8%n 1e$=%2i 2%l% 1e"ni"1e"ni 1e"ni"1e"ni" " !e9en1u"% !e9en1u"%n n lo8%@ lo8%@ 6%i1u: !en8e9%n !en8e9%n8%n 8%n 2%l% 9en1u" 9en1u" !en6e!u$ !en6e!u$n%%n n%%n 1e"ni" 1e"ni"1e" 1e"ni" ni" !e9en !e9en1u" 1u"%n %n lo8% lo8% 6%n8 6%n8 su2%h su2%h %2%> %2%> H%l ini 2%!%1 2%!%1 en8h% en8h%sil" sil"%n %n !$o2u" !$o2u" !$o2u" lo8% 2en8%n 8eoe1$i 6%n8 "o!le"s 1e1%!i s1%9il se?%$% se?%$ % 2iensi@ le9ih 9%i" se?%$% e"%ni"@ se$1% le9ih e"onois> A2% 9%n6% 9%n6%" " 1e"ni" 1e"ni" !e9en !e9en1u" 1u"%n %n lo8% lo8% 6%n8 6%n8 su2%h su2%h 2i1eu 2i1eu"%n "%n s%%1 ini 6%n8 6%n8 2%!%1 2%!%1 2i"l%si'i"%si"%n 9e$2%s%$"%n 2%e$%h 1e!e$%1u$ !en8e$=%%n (!$oses !en8e$=%%n !%n%s<2in8in-@ =enis 8%6% !e9en1u"%n (1%$i"@ 1e"%n@ 1%$i" 2%n 1e"%n-@ 9en1u" 9en2% "e$=%@ 2%n 1%h%!%n !$o2u"> Be$9%8%i %?% 1e"ni" !e9en1u"%n lo8% 1e$se9u1 eili"i "ele9ih%n 2%n "e"u$%n8%nn6% %sin8%sin8> S%l%h s%1u 1e"ni" !e9en1u"%n lo8% 6%n8 su2%h %2% se=%" l%% %2%l%h s1$e1?h 'o$in8 %1%u !e9en !e9en1u" 1u"%n %n $e8%n8 $e8%n8@@ 6%i1u 6%i1u 1e"ni" 1e"ni" !e9en !e9en1u" 1u"%n %n lo8% lo8% 2en8%n 2en8%n ?%$% en%$i en%$i" " 2%n ene"u" 9en2% "e$=% lo8% se?%$% 9e$s%%%n 6%n8 9e$1u=u%n un1u" en8h%sil"%n "on1u$ !%2% !$o2u" lo8% 2%l% 2iensi 6%n8 6%n8 9es%$ !%2% !e$u"%%nn6%> Keun88ul%n se?%$% uu 2%$i s1$e1?h 'o$in8 %2%l%h %!u e9e$i 9en1u" "on1u$ !%2% !e$u"%%n 6%n8 9es%$ 2%$i su%1u !$o2u" le9%$%n lo8% 2en8%n e'e" 1e8%n8%n sis% 6%n8 s%n8%1 "e?il>
BAB 2 ISI
2.1 Pengertian Stretch Forming
S1$e1?h S1$e1?h Fo$in Fo$in8 8 %2%l%h %2%l%h su%1u su%1u !$oses !$oses !e9en !e9en1u" 1u"%n %n lo8% lo8% 6%n8 6%n8 9e$9en 9e$9en1u" 1u" le9%$ le9%$%n %n (shee1 9l%n"- 2en8%n en88un%"%n h%n6% ) 9u%h 1ool !e9en1u"@ 2i%n% le9%$%n 1e$se9u1 2i=e!i 2i=e!i11 se?%$% se?%$% "%"u "%"u ($i8i2 ($i8i2-- !%2% !%2% "e2u% "e2u% sisi u=un8n u=un8n6% 6% !%2% !%2% $%h%n8 $%h%n8$%h $%h%n8 %n8 !en?en !en?en8"$ 8"$% % (8$i!!in8 =%5s-> P$oses !e9en1u"%n $e8%n8 2i8un%"%n un1u" e9en1u" le9%$%n 6%n8 u1uh %u!un 6%n8 su2%h 9e$!$o'il 2en8%n en88un%"%n 8%6% !e9en1u"%n "o9in%si %n1%$% 8%6% 1e"%n 2%n 1e"u" (9en2in8-> R%h%n8 !en?e"$% 6%n8 2i8un%"%n 2%!%1 9e$'un8si h%n6% se9%8%i !en?e"$%<1i2%" 9e$8e$%"<"%"u !%2% simple stretch forming @ 2%n 2%n 2%!% 2%!%11 !ul% !ul% 9e$8 9e$8e$% e$%" " e9e$i"%n 8%6% 1%$i" !%2% tangential stretch forming >
G%9%$ >) S"e% S1$e1?h Fo$in8
Se?%$% uu@ !$oses !e9en1u"%n $e8%n8 2i8un%"%n un1u" e9en1u" 9en2% "e$=% 9e$9en1u" ?e9un8 2en8%n $%2ius $% 2ius "elen8"un8%n 6%n8 9es%$> Se9%8%i ?on1oh@ ? on1oh@ 9o26 lu%$ !%2% !es%5%1@ u=un8 s%6%n8 !es%5%1@ !%nel !in1u !%2% o9il@ 2%n 9%8i%n !%2% 8e$9on8 "e$e1% %!i 2en8 2en8%n %n lii1% lii1%si si "on1 "on1u$ u$ len8 len8"u "un8 n8%n %n h%n6 h%n6%% !%2% !%2% s%1u s%1u %$%h %$%h>> Lo8% Lo8% lo8 lo8% % 6%n8 6%n8 2%!% 2%!%11 2il%"u"%n s1$e1?h
2.2 Keunggulan dan Kelemahan Stretch Forming
)> Keun88ul%n S1$e1?h Fo$in8 • • •
Men8h%sil"%n 1e8%n8%n sis% 6%n8 $en2%h 2%n 1e$2is1$i9usi e$%1% !%2% 9en2% "e$=% E'e" s!$in89%?" 6%n8 s%n8%1 "e?il Menin8"%1"%n "e"u%1%n e"%ni" hin88%
> Kele%h%n S1$e1?h Fo$in8 • •
Re8%n8%n 6%n8 1i2%" e$%1% !%2% 9%8i%n 1en8%h 1i2%" ?u"u! 1e$9en1u"> Ti2%" 2%!%1 e9en1u" 2en8%n 9en1u" $ui1>
2. Anali!a "a#a Stretch Forming
Be$i"u1 e$u!%"%n %n%lis% 8%6% !%2% !e9en1u"%n lo8% s1$e1?h 'o$in8
G%9%$ > An%lis% G%6% S1$e1?h Fo$in8
G%6% 6%n8 2i9u1uh"%n !%2% s1$e1?h 'o$in8 Di%n% : F s1$e1?hin8 'o$?e L len81h o' shee1 in 2i$e?1ion !e$!en2i?ul%$ 1o s1$e1?hin8 1 ins1%n1%neous s1o?" 1hi?"ness &' 'lo5 s1$ess o' 5o$" e1%l
2.$ %eni! & %eni! Stretch Forming
)> Si!le S1$e1?h Fo$in8
G%9%$ >3 Si!le S1$e1?h Fo$in8
Un1u" !$oses si!le s1$e1?h 'o$in8@ 9en2% "e$=% 9e$9en1u" le9%$%n lo8% (shee1 9l%n"- 6%n8 %"%n 2i9en1u" 2i=e!i1 !%2% "e2u% sisi u=un8n6% oleh 9u%h $%h%n8 !en?en8"$% (8$i!!in8 =%5s-> Pe$"%"%s un1u" e9en1u" e9en1u" 9e$u!% 9lo" ('o$ 9lo?"- 2i!%s%n8 !%2% se9u%h e=% !e$"%"%s 6%n8 2%!%1 9e$8e$%" se?%$% hi2$oli" !%2% %$%h 4e$1i"%l> G%6% !e9en1u"%n 2i1$% 2i1$%ns ns'e 'e$$ l%n8s l%n8sun un8 8 2%$i 2%$i 'o$ 'o$ 9lo? 9lo?" " 1e$se9 1e$se9u1 u1 "e 9en2 9en2%% "e$=% "e$=% le9% le9%$%n $%n lo8% lo8%>> P$os P$oses es !e9en1u"%n "on1u$ !%2% le9%$%n 1e$=%2i %"i9%1 !e$8e$%"%n 4e$1i"%l 2%$i 'o$ 9lo?" se2%n8"%n 8$i!!in8 =%5s 1i2%" 9e$8e$%" (s1%sione$- h%n6% 9e$'un8si se9%8%i !en?en8"$%> Ke$u8i%n 2%$i si!le s1$e1?h 'o$in8 %2%l%h 2is1$i9usi $e8%n8%n 6%n8 1i2%" e$%1% !%2% 9%8i%n !en%!%n8 2%$i le9%$%n 9en2% "e$=% sehin88% 1e$=%2i e'e" s!$in89%?" 2%n 2iensi 6%n8 1i2%" s1%9il> H%l ini 2ise9%9"%n "%$en% lu%sn6% 9i2%n8 "on1%" %n1%$% 'o$ 9lo?" 2%n le9%$%n 9en2% "e$=% en8h%sil"%n en8h%sil"%n 8%6% 8ese" 6%n8 9es%$ 2i%n% 8%6% 8ese" 1e$se9u1 en8h%9%1 en8h%9%1 1e$=%2in6% 1e$=%2in6% !$oses !$oses 2e'o$%si 2e'o$%si !l%s1is !%2% 2%e$%h 1e$se9u1 sehin88% le9%$%n 9en2% "e$=% e$e8%n8 h%n6% !%2% 2%e$%h 6%n8 1i2%" "on1%" 2en8%n 'o$ 9lo?" 9lo?" en8h%sil"%n 2is1$i9usi $e8%n8%n 6%n8 1i2%" e$%1% !%2% 9en2% "e$=%
> T%n8en1i%l T%n8en1i%l S1$e1?h Fo$in8
G%9%$ >* T%n8en1i%l T%n8en1i%l S1$e1?h Fo$in8
D%l% 1%n8en1i%l s1$e1?h 'o$in8@ "e2u% sis u=un8 2%$i le9%$%n 9en2% "e$=% =u8% 2i=e!i1 oleh 8$i!!in8 =%5s> Pe$9e2%%n u1%% %n1%$% si!le s1$e1?h 'o$in8 2%n 1%n8en1i%l s1$e1?h 'o$in8 'o$in8 1e$le1%" 1e$le1%" !%2% !%2% 8$i!!i 8$i!!in8 n8 =%5s =%5s 6%n8 6%n8 2%!%1 2%!%1 9e$8e$ 9e$8e$%" %" 2%l% 2%l% %$%h ho$i.o ho$i.on1%l n1%l un1u" un1u" 1%n8en1i%l s1$e1?h 'o$in8> D%l% !$oses ini@ eun8"in"%n un1u" el%"u"%n $e8%n8%n %5%l !l%s1is 6%n8 1e$2is1$i9usi e$%1% !%2% selu$uh !en%!%n8 9en2% "e$=% le9%$%n se9elu 2il%"u"%n !$oses !e9en1u"%n u1%%n6% 6%i1u !$oses !e9en1u"%n oleh 'o$ 9lo?" 6%n8 9e$8e$%" 4e$1i"%l 2%n 8$i!!in8 =%5s 1e1%! en%$i" 2en8%n l%=u "ons1%n sel%% !$oses 1e$se9u1 1e$se 9u1 9e$l%n8sun8> Keun88 Keun88ul% ul%n n 2%$i 2%$i !$oses !$oses ini %2%l%h %2%l%h 9e$"u$ 9e$"u$%n8 %n8n6% n6% 1e8%n8 1e8%n8%n %n sis% se9%8%i se9%8%i %"i9%1 %"i9%1 2%$i 2%$i !e9e$i%n 8%6% 1%$i" "e1i"% !$oses !e9en1u"%n 9e$l%n8sun8> Be$"u$%n8n6% 1e8%n8%n sis% en8%"i9%1"%n !enu$un%n e'e" s!$in89%?" sehin88% 9il% 2i9%n2in8"%n 2en8%n si!le s1$e1?h 'o$in8@ !$o2u" h%sil 1%n8en1i%l s1$e1?h 'o$in8 le9ih s1%9il se?%$% 2iension%l se$1% le9ih "u%1 se?%$% e"%ni"> 2.' Pro!e! Stretch Forming
G%9%$ >; P$oses S1$e1?h Fo$in8
P$oses P$oses s1$e1?h s1$e1?h 'o$in8 'o$in8 6%n8 6%n8 !$insi !$insi! ! "e$=%n6 "e$=%n6%% se!e$1i se!e$1i 1e$lih%1 1e$lih%1 !%2% !%2% 8%9%$ 8%9%$ 2i %1%s> %1%s> Le9%$%n lo8% 2i =e!i1 oleh $%h%n8 !en=e!i1 (8$i!!en =%5- 2u% %1%u le9ih l%lu 2i$e8%n8"%n (s1$e1?hin8-> Keu2i%n 9lo" !e9en1u" ('o$in8 9lo?"- 2i2o$on8"%n !%2% le9%$%n lo8% 6%n8 1el%h 1e$e8%n8 1e$se9u1 sehin88% le9%$%n lo8% e9un8"us 9lo" (1ool- !e9en1u" 1e$se9u1>
2.( )acat *ada Stretch Forming
C%?%1n6% %2%l%h 1e$=%2in6% 1i2%" se$%8%n6% "e1e9%l%n !%2% le9%$ !l%1 %1%u 9en2% "e$=% 6%n8 2il%"u"%n !$oses s1$e1?h 'o$in8>
2.+ A*li,a!i Stretch Forming
P$oses ini 2%!%1 2i%!li"%si"%n 2i%!li"%si"%n !%2% =enis %1e$i%l %luiniu@ 1i1%niu@
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BAB
PENU-UP
.1 Ke!im*ulan
)> S1$e1?h S1$e1?h Fo$in8 Fo$in8 %2%l%h %2%l%h su%1u su%1u !$oses !$oses !e9en1u !e9en1u"%n "%n lo8% 6%n8 6%n8 9e$9en 9e$9en1u" 1u" le9%$%n le9%$%n (shee1 9l%n"- 2en8%n en88un%"%n en88un%"%n h%n6% ) 9u%h 1ool !e9en1u"@ !e9en1u"@ 2i%n% le9%$%n 1e$se9u1 2i=e!i1 se?%$% "%"u ($i8i2- !%2% "e2u% sisi u=un8n6% !%2% $%h%n8$%h%n8 !en?en8"$% (8$i!!in8 =%5s-> > Kele9i Kele9ih%n h%n S1$e1?h S1$e1?h Fo$in8 Fo$in8 %2%l%h %2%l%h %> Men8h Men8h%si %sil" l"%n %n 1e8% 1e8%n8 n8%n %n sis% sis% 6%n8 6%n8 $en2 $en2%h %h 2%n 2%n 1e$2 1e$2is1 is1$i9 $i9us usii e$%1 e$%1%% !%2% !%2% 9en2 9en2%% "e$=% 9> E'e" s!$in89%?" 6%n8 s%n8%1 "e?il ?> Menin8 Menin8"%1 "%1"%n "%n "e"u "e"u%1%n %1%n e"%ni e"%ni" " hin88% hin88% 3> Ke"u$%n8%n Ke"u$%n8%n S1$e1?h S1$e1?h Fo$in Fo$in8 8 %2%l%h 2%e$%h 2%e$%h 1en8%h 1en8%h le9%$%n le9%$%n 1i2%" 1i2%" ?u"u! ?u"u! 1e$9en1u" 1e$9en1u" @ sehin88% 2is1$i9usi $e8%n8%n 2i 9%8i%n le9%$ lin1%s 1i2%" se$%8% *> S1$e S1$e1?h 1?h Fo$ Fo$in in8 8 2i9% 2i9%8i 8i en= en=%2 %2ii Si! Si!le le S1$e S1$e1?h 1?h Fo$ Fo$in in8 8 2%n 2%n T%n8en n8en1i 1i%l %l S1$e S1$e1?h 1?h Fo$in8> ;> G%6% G%6% 6%n8 6%n8 2i9u1u 2i9u1uh"% h"%n n !%2% !%2% s1$e1?h s1$e1?h 'o$i 'o$in8 n8 7> P$oses S1$e1?h Fo$in8 %2%l%h le9%$%n $%h%n8 !e !en=e!i1 (8 (8$i!!en =% =%5- 2u 2u% %1 %1%u
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