Management in Ancient Civilization From an almost unrecognized position in 1900, Management has risen today to be the central activity of our age and economy- a poerful and innovative force on hich our society depends for material support and national ell-being! Although e may recognize the importance of Management to our ell-being and development, its history is di"cult to reconstruct!
#o #o reconstruct reconstruct the history history of Management Management in ancient civilization, e e can divide it into to parts! #hey are$ 1! %reh %rehis isto tori ric c &ra &ra '! Ancien Ancientt Civili Civilizat zation ion #hey are discussed discussed belo belo$$
1. Prehistoric Era: (t is dated about 10000 to 9000 )!C! (n this period, many things related to Management ere found! #hey are as follos$ •
•
Adaptation to condition produced Mesolithic culture *tarted ith food gathering ,+unting Fishing and consumption management for society
•
ave a base for Management
•
Family roup tribes
•
Culture in.uence to Agriculture and /omesticating Animal for increase production
•
*ettle production Create illage
•
&merge priests ings +olding %oer %oer
•
%olitical %olitical and Military *tructure has been /evised
•
(ntroduced ta2ation and division of labor
•
#rade #rade agreements agreements also started started in this period
2. Ancient Civilization: (n this period, the concept and practice of Management as elaborated in di3erent ancient civilization li4e *umer, &gypt, )abylonia, +ebres, China, reece, (ndia etc ! #he contributions that made in this period are as follos$ •
•
• •
•
5rigin of modern concepts of management are easily traceable to the di3erent ancient civilization ing *olomon elaborated the concept of trade agreements, managed construction pro6ects and molded peace agreement in the tenth century +e also established some ne systems to govern and manage the people! Many other ancient rulers gave authority to their trusted servants to carry out their ishes #hese servants later on developed some rules and taboos of conduct to manage people Sumer
•
• •
•
• •
#hey settled around 7800 )!C! in southern Mesopotamia, a region that covers the loer reaches of the #igris and &uphrates rivers in todays (ra:! #he *umerians are believed to have migrated to the northern shores of the %ersian ulf from Central Asia and (ndia! *umerians developed riting, time4eeping, irrigation and cities! #he contributions of the *umerians are creating the ;rst large cities ith dense urban populations, building ziggurats or temples, formulating las, creating a lunar calendar, algebraic e2pressions and advanced math, use of heels and engineering s4ills, clay to4ens used as money, and rounded roofs! #heir literature contained the stories of the Flood, the arden of &den, and the hero ilgamesh ho battled evil, and as a model for future epic heroes! *ome ritten documents found from sumerian civilization that indicates the evidences of managerial control practice *umerian priests used to manage ta2 collection and e2penditure #hey planted the root for ritten and organized management practice for state control system
