ORGANIC REACTIONS MAP H
H
R Cracking (variety of products)
C H
C H
X
ALKENE
C
. t a c
4
O S 2 H . c n o C
Hot, conc. KOH, alcoholic solution
4
H
C
C
H
OSO3H
ALKYLHYDROGENSULFATE
m r a w , O 2 H
HALOALKANE
NaOH (aq), refux
R
O P 3 H . c n o c , m t a 0 6 , C ˚ 0 0 3 , m a e t S
Polymerisation x u f e r , 4 O S 2 H . c n o c r o , C ˚ 0 0 3 , 3 O l 2 A
R
ADDITION POLYMER
H2SO4, heat (1˚ alcohols only)
R
O
R
ETHER
R
l i t s i d , 5 O 2 P
H
2˚ only: Cr2O72-, H+, refux
R
x u e r , O 2 H
f
KETONE
C
NaBH4, alcoholic or alkaline aq. solution, heat; or LiAlH 4 in dry ether
x u e r , ) s u o r d y h n a (
f
R
REACTIONS KEY
O 1˚ only: Cr2O72-, H+, refux
ADDITION
C
NaBH4, alcoholic or alkaline aq. solution, heat; or LiAlH 4 in dry ether
R
SUBSTITUTION
C
N
NITRILE
H l A i L
H
R
l i t s i d , 5 O 2 P
AMINE
N
H O R
OH
H2SO4 & heat
4
REDUCTION
CARBOXYLIC ACID
R
H+ (aq), H2O, re fux
) r e h t e (
OXIDATION
H
-
H O r o
+
H , x u e R
O
O 2 H
f
H2O ACYL CHLORIDE
C
SClO2, PCl3 or PCl 5, refux
R
Cl O
ACYLATION
OTHER
ACID ANHYDRIDE R
O
Conc. NH3, heat in sealed tube
ESTERIFICATION
O
Cr2O72-, H+, refux
ALDEHYDE
C
ALCOHOL NaBH4 (aq, heat) or LiAlH4 (ether)
HYDROLYSIS
O C
O
KCN, ethanolic solution, re f ux
ELIMINATION
O C R
1˚ only: Cr2O72-, H+, distil
OH
EPOXIDE
C
R
Hydrogen halide (aq), room temperature
H
R
O C
H2, Ni cat., 150˚C, 5 atm t h g i l V U & e d i l a h n e g o r d y H
R
C
ALKANE
O2, Ag cat., 250-300 ˚C, 10-20 atm (ethene only); other alkenes: RCO 3H in CH2Cl2
O C
LiAlH4 (ether)
R
AMIDE
Conc. NH3, room temp. (gives 1˚ amide)
C
ROH, room temp.
RNH2, refux (gives 2˚ amide)
NH2 NH3, refux (gives 1˚ amide); RNH2, ref ux (gives 2˚ amide)
R
R O
ESTER
. t a c
4
O S 2 H . c n o c , H O R
