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Material Handeling Equipment....
How to handle purchased materials
Full study materials for MATERIAL HANDLING (Elective paper, S6 Mechanical, Kerala University)Descripción completa
Manual Material Handling
Manual Material Handling
The Back and Material Handling Issues
The Spinal Column
Cervical Thoracic
Lumbar
The Basic Structure
Epidemiology of Back Injuries Short Term or acute effects: •
Sharp Surfaces
•
Dropped Material
•
Struck-by Moving Materials
•
Mechanical Stress
•
Slips and Falls
•
“Simpler” Cause and effect relationship
Epidemiology Chronic or Long Term Effects •
Back Ache or Pain
•
Disc Degeneration
•
Cause and effect not as simple, more difficult to analyze
Return to Work • Out more than 6 months only of returning • One year only
50%
chance
25%
• Management and Practitioner Training
One study showed that claims dropped from 200K to 20K per year by providing modified work and conservative treat
Material Handling • Lifting/Lowering • Pushing/Pulling • Carrying • Weights and Forces • Frequency of Activities • Load Center of Gravity
Material Handling
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Job Risk Factors • Weight of the Object • Location (position of load w.r.t. worker) • Frequency of Lifts • Stability of the Load • Hand Coupling • Workplace Geometry Twisting/Stooping • Environmental Factors
Personal Risk Factors • Gender • Age • Anthropometry • Lift technique • Attitude • Strength • Training
Examples of Manual Handling Controls • Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting • Redesign work station/work area to allow freedom of movement • Provide handles on material handling equipment • Provide lift-assist devices and tables Unit Load Concept
Job Design • Can reduce one-third of compensable LBP • Minimize reach and lift distances Keep off floor Work station design • •
• Frequency Relax time standard Rotation Work-Rest allowances • • •
• Convert Carry to push/pull Push over pull Use large wheels • • •
Training • Focus on awareness and avoidance • Get object as close to body as possible • Planning • Use of handling aids • Back Schools • Strength and fitness important
NIOSH Lifting Equation 1991 Version
NIOSH Lifting Equation • Objective: Reduce occurrence of lifting-related LBP • 1981 and 1991 equations • 1981 limited to sagittal plane • 1991 includes asymmetry and coupling
Disqualifiers for Use • One handed lifts • More than 8 hours
• Wheelbarrows or shovels
• Seated or kneeling • Restricted work space • Unstable Objects
• High speed motion • Unreasonable foot/floor coupling
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WISHA If the job is a hazard • Reduce weight of load • Increase weight of load so that it requires mechanical assist • Reduce the capacity of the container • Etc.
References • Applications guide for the revised NIOSH lifting equation – – On CD Programs – On CD • Elements of Ergonomic Programs – • Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors – – On CD • Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting NIOSH 81-122
What does the worker need to know from this presentation?