BRIAN SALVIANTONO
TEKNIK KIMIA (201222007) MODAL AUXILIARIES
PENGERTIAN
Modal Auxiliaries adalah kata kerja bantu yang selalu diikuti oleh kata kerja pertama (VERB – 1) dan BE. Contoh Modal Auxiliaries : can, could, may, might, will, would, should, must, dan ought to. Cara menentukan Modal Auxiliaries yang akan di gunakan dalam suatu kalimat tergantung pada makna modal auxiliary itu sendiri. Karena itu kita perlu mengetahui makna masing-masing dari Modal Auxiliaries. Modal Auxiliaries dapat digunakan untuk semua subyek, baik tunggal maupun jamak. Tanpa mengalami perubahan bentuk POLA MODAL AUXILIARIES :
( + ) S + MODAL + V1 (BE) – ) S + MODAL NOT + V1 (BE) ( – ) ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1(BE) MACAM MODAL AUXILIARIES
Modal Auxiliaries yang akan kita bahas disini meliputi: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
can, could will, would Shall Should
7. May 8. Might 9. must 10. ought to 11. need 12. dare 13. Used to
Catatan:
1. Dalam sebuah kalimat tidak boleh ada dua buah modal auxiliary. Kalau Anda dihadapkan dengan 2 buah modals (Dalam bahasa Indonesia, misalnya, "saya harus bisa ..." maka modals yang kedua, harus diubah ke bentuk lain yang mempunyai sama arti. 2. Kata Kerja sesudah modal auxiliaryharus bentuk pertama. REFRENSI
Fahrudin ,Arif. 2008 . Kupas tuntas toefl. Jogjakarta. Diva Press Darwis, Djamaludin. 2008. 30 hari mahir bahasa inggris.Jogjakarta. Diva press
SUMMARY MODAL AUXILIARY
1
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BRIAN SALVIANTONO
TEKNIK KIMIA (201222007)
1. CAN
Dipakai untuk menyatakan: 1. Expressing an Ability (Mengungkapkan Kemampuan) Example : She can sing beautifully. I can do the test 2. Expressing a Permission (Mengungkapkan ijin) Example : You can leave me no Can I come to your house? 3. Expressing a Possibility (Mengungkapkan Kemungkinan) Example : He can be in the class now. He can be ill. 2. COULD
Adalah bentuk Past Tense dari CAN dan bentuknya sama untuk semua subyek. Namun dalam penggunaannya tidak selamanya berarti past time (masa lalu). COULD dipakai untuk menyatakan: 1. The past tense of Can (Bentuk lampau dari Can) Example : Mary could sing a song when she was young. She could not come here yesterday because she was ill. 2. Request politely (Permintaan dengan sopan) Example : Could you help me now? Could you take that book for me? 3. Possibility (Kemungkinan) Example She could be at home now, but she usually plays volleyball. He could be very busy at that time.
3. WILL
Digunakan untuk menyatakan: 1. Expressing a certainty (Mengungkapkan kepastian). Example : I will go to Jakarta next week. (=I am going to Jakarta next week). She will come here soon. 2. Permintaan dan penawaran secara halus Example : Will you carry that bag for me? Will you go with me?
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BRIAN SALVIANTONO 4.
TEKNIK KIMIA (201222007)
WOULD
Digunakan untuk menyatakan: 1. The past tense of the Will. (Bentuk lampau dari Will.) Example : He would be punished before he escaped. She knows that it would be pleasant in Bali.
2. Request and offers are politely (Suatu permohonan/permintaan dengan sopan). Example : Would you please help me? Would you mind closing the window? 3. If If combined with ”LIKE” indicate passion or desire. (Jika digabung dengan “LIKE “LIKE”” menunjukkan hasrat atau keinginan). Example : I would like to eat. Would you like to go there? 4. If combined with "rather" show meaning more like (prefer). (Digabung dengan kata "rather" menunjukkan arti Lebih suka (prefer)) Example : I would rather be a doctor than a president. I would rather have stayed home than went to the movies. 5. SHALL
Digunakan untuk menyatakan: 1. Memiliki arti “akan” dalam future tense, untuk subjek I I dan we (has the meaning of "will" in the future tense). Example : I shall go to London tomorrow. We shall buy a new motorcycle next week. 2. Pernyataan sopan untuk memberi bantuan atau usulan. (Statements politely to give help or suggestions). Example : Shall I do this? Shall I open the window? 3. Janji, (Promise). Example : You shall have a motorcycle I shall meet her tomorrow. 6. SHOULD
Digunakan untuk menyatakan: 1. Bentuk lampau dari shall. (past tense of shall). Example : When he come to my house I should go.
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BRIAN SALVIANTONO
TEKNIK KIMIA (201222007)
3. Keharusan (must). Dalam hal ini SHOULD sama artinya dengan Ought to. Example : You should (ought to) do your homework every day. He should (ought to) study hard. 4. Expressing a Future Certainty (Mengukapkan kepastian di masa depan) Example : They should be there tomorrow. 5. Dalam bentuk lampaunya berarti menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang seharusnya dikerjakan tetapi kenyataannya tidak dikerjakan. Atau dapat juga berarti penyesalan dimasa lampau. example: 1. You should (ought to) have studied hard before take an exam. = Anda seharusnya belajar dengan keras sebelum mengikuti ujian. (Dalam kenyataannya Anda tidak belajar dengan keras, tetapi tetap mengikuti ujian). 2. John should (ought to) have gone to the dentist yesterday. (Dalam kenyataannya John tidak pergi ke dokter gigi kemarin - he did not go). 7. MAY
Kata kerja bantu yang berarti "boleh/mungkin". Digunakan untuk menyatakan: 1. Requests for permission (Permohonan izin). Example : May I go home now? No, you may not. Henry may be late. 2. Request or expectation (Permohonan atau harapan). Example : May you both the happy. May God bless you 3. The chances are less than 50 percent of certainty. (Kemungkinan yang kurang dari 50 persen dari kepastiannya) Example : She may be at home. She may be late 8. MIGHT
Bentuk lampau (past tense) dari MAY, namun pemakaiannya juga dapat untuk masa kini atau masa datang. Digunakan untuk menyatakan: 1. Possibility of are weaker than may (Kemungkinan yang lebih lemah dari may) Example : she might come last night Alex might be late yesterday 2. Permit a more polite than may (Izin yang lebih sopan dari may) Example : might I know your name? might I speak English,please?
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BRIAN SALVIANTONO
TEKNIK KIMIA (201222007)
9. MUST
Kata kerja bantu yang berarti harus atau wajib, digunakan untuk menyatakan: 1. Expressing a necessity (Mengungkapkan keharusan). Example : You must go now. I must do my homework soon. 2. Dalam kalimat menyangkal (negatif) dan membuat jawaban dari kalimat tanya, selalu digunakan NEED NOT atau Needn't bukan musn't (must not). Example : Must I go now? Yes, you must atau yes, you need. Must she pay it? No, she needn't. You needn't go now. ( Anda tidak perlu pergi sekarang) bukan musn't. 3. Expressing a Prohibition (Mengungkapkan larangan). Example : You must not smoke in the class. Susan mustn't go there alone. 4. Expressing a Certainty (Mengukapkan kepastian). Example : John must be upset. He failed in the final test. Rini must go to school today. her final exams today 5. Must tidak mempunyai bentuk Past Tense. Bentuk lampau yang berarti "harus/mesti" adalah HAD TO, dan bentuknya sama untuk semua obyek. Example : I had to meet my sister yesterday. She had to leave for Jakarta last week. 10. OUGHT TO = SHOULD
Digunakan untuk menyatakan: 1. Kata kerja bantu yang artinya “sebaiknya”, sebaiknya ”, “seyogianya”, “sewajarnya” dan bahkan “seharusnya” (yang agak lunak) Example : She ought to be here now. Ought she to come here again? 2. Stating tasks / work that is not completed or abandoned (Menyatakan tugas/pekerjaan yang tidak terselesaikan/terpenuhi atau terabaikan.) Usually in the form of Perfect Infinitives (Biasanya dalam bentuk Perfect Infinitives). Example : The work ought to have been finished last week. You ought not (oughtn't) to have crossed the road when the lights were red. 11. NEED
Need artinya "Perlu" dan digunakan sebagai: 1. To make negative sentences and answer questions using “MUST” MUST” (Untuk membuat kalimat negatif dan jawaban dari pertanyaan yang memakai “MUST” MUST”) Example : I must go now. (Positif).
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BRIAN SALVIANTONO
TEKNIK KIMIA (201222007)
2. Sebagai kata kerja biasa yang berarti "perlu" dan mengalami perubahan bentuk. 1. need or needs (V1) (Present Tense). 2. needed (V2) (Past Tense). Dalam hal ini, bentuk interrogative dan negative-nya dibuat dengan auxiliary verb "do/does" untuk present tense, dan dengan "did" untuk past tense, sebagaimana umumnya kata kerja biasa. Example : They need some milk. They don't need any milk. Did Ali need to meet with you? Ali didn't need to go with you. 12. DARE
Artinya "berani". "DARE" jika berfungsi sebagai Kata Kerja Bantu tidak memakai "S" untuk orang ketiga tunggal, jadi untuk kalimat nomor I, bukan: She/He dares. Digunakan sebagai: 1. As Auxiliary verb (Kata kerja bantu). Example : He dare go there alone. I dare not to climb the tree. 2. Kata kerja biasa. Kalau DARE berfungsi sebagai kata kerja biasa, maka pemakaiannya sama seperti kata kerja biasa lainnya, yaitu dalam kalimat tanya dan negatif menggunakan auxiliary verb. Do/Does atau Did. Example : She doesn't dare to go there alone. Does he dare to come here again? Dalam bentuk past tense, Dare mempunyai dua macam bentuk yang dapat dipakai untuk kalimat tanya atau kalimat negatif . Example : He dared not to go there alone yesterday, He didn't dare (to) go three alone. Dared he go there alone? Did he dare (to) go there alone? She dared not visit me last week, She didn't dare (to) visit me last week. 13. USED TO
Digunakan sebagai : 1. Habits declaration in the past and present are not done anymore (pernyataan kebiasaan pada waktu lampau dan kini tidak dilakukan lagi). Example : He used to run in the morning when he was still young She used to sing when she was young 2. If after “used to” to” be followed by gerund, it is “used to” to” express the work that was done over and over again until now. (Jika setelah “used to” to” diikuti dengan “gerund” gerund”, maka “used to” to” menyatakan pekerjaan yang di kerjakan berulang-ulang sampai sekarang) Example : I used to writing a article every day.