A STUDY ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO OCEAN INTERIORS (P) LTD (A Report submied in Paral Fulfllment o the Requirements or the degree o Master o Business Administraon in Pondicherry ni!ersity"
#ubmied by Ms.R.KEERTHANA
$nrolment %o
&
')*+,'*'-
MBA
& Finance
Under Guidance of Dr. Mr. S.K Prakash
DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY PONDICHERRY – 605 01 June-2018
)
CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE F THE GUIDE
.his is to cery that the pro/ect 0or1 tled 2 A STUDY ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO OCEAN INTERIORS (P) LTD! is a bonafed 0or1 carried out by Ms.Keer"hana $nrolment no& #$%&'(#&#) carried out in paral p aral ulfllment or the a0ard o degree o MBA Finance o Pondicherry ni!ersity under my guidance3 . his pro/ect 0or1 is original and not submied earlier or the a0ard o any 4egree5 4iploma or associate associate ship o any other ni!ersity ni!ersity 5 6nstuon3
#ignature o the 7uide8 4r3 4r3 Mr3 Mr3 #393PRA9 #393 PRA9A#: A#: Place& 4ate&
STUDENT*S DECA+ARATIN DECA+ARATIN
68 Ms3 9eerthana hereby declare that the pro/ect 0or1 tled 2A #.4; <% .:$ F6%A%=6A> P$RF;#6# ?6.: R$F$R$%=$ .< <=$A% 6%.$R6.4@ >.4@ original 0or1 done d one by me and submied to the Pondicherry ni!ersity in paral ulfllment o the requirements or the a0ard o Master o Business Administraon Administraon in fnance is a record o the original 0or1 done by me under the super!ision o Pro 3 4r3 Pra1ash3
$nrollment %o& ')*+,'*'4ate&
Ms39eerthana
ACKN,+EDGEMENT +
6 am using this opportunity to epress my gratude to e!eryone 0ho supported me throughout the course o this MBA pro/ect3 6 am than1ul or P>=8 .0inning program8 >oyola =ollege8 =hennai or etending their support in pro!iding all acilies or compleng the pro/ect3 .heir aspiring guidance8 in!aluably construc!e cricism and riendly ad!ice during the pro/ect 0or13 6 am sincerely grateul to Dr.Mr.S.K.PRAKASH 8 or sharing his truthul and illuminang !ie0s on a number o issues related to the pro/ect3 At the outset8 6 than1 the almighty 7od or sho0ering his abundant blessing on me in all my endea!ours3
+IST F CNTENTS =:AP.$R %<
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PA7$ %< C
=:AP.$R 6
INTRDUCTIN
)3)
4efnion meaning and concept
)3
6ndustry profle
)3+
=ompany profle
=:AP.$R 66
Re!ie0 o the literature 3)
%eed or the study
3
3+
scope o the study
3C
Research methodology
3D
limitaon o the study
=:AP.$R 666
4ata analysis and 6nterpretaon
=:AP.$R 6E
Findings8 #uggesons and =onclusion C3)
Findings
C3
#uggesons
C3+
=onclusion Bibliography
D
CHAPTER I
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The pe!"#$n%e "! &he !'# %$n (e #e$)ue* (+ '&) !'n$n%'$, e)u,&) '.e.. (+ '&) )'/e "! e$n'n) ')'ne)) $n* p"!'&$(','&+ $e &" #$3" !$%&") h'%h 3"'n&,+ *e&e#'ne &he 4$,ue "! &he %"n%en. F'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) $e pep$e* &" e4'e &he )&$&e "! 'n4e)&#en&) 'n $ (u)'ne)) $n* e)u,& $%h'e4e* *u'n &he )pe%'!'% pe'"*. *
The+ e!,e%& e%"*e* !$%&) $%%"un&'n %"n4en&'"n) $n* pe)"n$, 3u*#en&). F'n$n%'$, *e%')'"n) h'%h 'n%e$)e ') ',, *e%e$)e &he 4$,ue "! &he !'# $n* "n &he "&he h$n* !'n$n%'$, *e%')'"n) h'%h 'n%e$)e) &he p"!'&$(','&+ ',, 'n%e$)e) 4$,ue "! &he !'#. R') $n* p"!'&$(','&+ $e &" e))en&'$, 'ne*'en&) "! $ (u)'ne)) %"n%en. Thee h$) (een $ %"n)'*e$(,e *e($&e $("u& &he u,&'#$&e "(3e%&'4e "! !'# pe!"#$n%e he&he '& ') p"!'& #$'#'/$&'"n " e$,&h #$'#'/$&'"n. I& ') "()e4e* &h$& h',e %"n)'*e'n &he !'# pe!"#$n%e &he p"!'& $n* e$,&h #$'#'/$&'"n $e ,'ne* $n* $e e!!e%&e* (+ "ne-$n"&he. H"e4e. P"!'& $n* ,")) $%%"un& ') $ )&$&e#en& h'%h ') pep$e* !" $ p$&'%u,$ !'n$n%'$, +e$. In In*'$n %"n&e& hee $n $n$,+)& h$) &" e,+ up"n &he $u*'&e* !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) !" $ p$&'%u,$ %"#p$n+ &he pe!"#$n%e )" &" (e 3u*e* !"# &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) "n,+. Th') %h$p&e h"e4e 'n*'%$&e) )"#e "! &he &e%hn'ue) h'%h %$n (e u)e* !" )u%h $n$,+)') "! !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e). Usefulness of finn!il "e#fo#$n!e %o &#ious s%'eole#s*
The $n$,+)') "! !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e ') u)e* (+ #")& "! &he (u)'ne)) %"##un'&'e). The+ 'n%,u*e &he !",,"'n7 T#e C#ei%o#s The %e*'&") p"4'*e ""*) )e4'%e) "n %e*'& &" &he !'#. The+ $,$+) !$%e
%"n%en $("u& &he e%"4e+ "! &he' #"ne+. The %e*'&") $e $,$+) een &" n" $("u& &he ,'u'*'&+ p")'&'"n "! &he !'#. Thu) &he !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e p$$#e&e) !" &he# e4",4e )h"& &e# ,'u'*'&+ %"n*'&'"n "! &he !'#. Su""lie#s of Lon+ Te#$ De,% The )upp,'e) "! ,"n &e# *e(& p"4'*e !'n$n%e !" "n- "'n ep$n)'"n
p"3e%&) "! &he !'#. The ,"n &e# *e(& p"4'*e) ',, $,$+) !"%u) up"n &he
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)",4en%+ %"n*'&'"n $n* )u4'4$, "! &he (u)'ne)) &he' %"n!'*en%e 'n &he !'# ') "! u&#")& '#p"&$n%e $) &he+ $e p"4'*'n !'n$n%e !" $ ,"ne pe'"* "! &'#e. The ,"n ,"n &e# &e# %e*'& %e*'&" ")) *" %"n)'* %"n)'*e e &he h')&" h')&"'%$ '%$,, !'n$n% !'n$n%'$, '$, )&$&e# )&$&e#en& en&)) !" !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e. H"e4e H"e4e &he !'n$n%'$, 'n)&'&u&'"n ($n $,)" *epen* $ ,"& "n &he p"3e%&e* !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) 'n*'%$&'n pe!"#$n%e "! &he !'# n"#$,,+9 &he p"3e%&'"n) $e pep$e* "n &he ($)') "! epe%&e* %$p$%'&+ ep$n)'"n p"3e%&e* ,e4e, "! p"3e%&'"n ,e4e, "! p"*u%&'"n )e4'%e $n* #$e& &en*) !" &he p'%e #"4e#en&) "! $ #$&e'$,) $) e,, $) !'n')he* ""*). In&es%o#s In4e)&") $e &he pe)"n) h" h$4e 'n4e)&e* &he' #"ne+ 'n &he eu'&+ )h$e
%$p'&$, "! &he !'#. The+ $e &he #")& %"n%ene* %"##un'&+ $) &he+ h$4e $,)" &$en ') "! 'n4e)&#en&)- epe%&'n $ (e&&e !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e "! &he !'#. The 'n4e)&":) %"##un'&+ %"##un'&+ $,$+) pu& #"e %"n!'*en& 'n !'#) "&h 'n e$n'n). The+ 3u*e &he pe!"#$n%e) "! &he %"#p$n+ (+ $n$,+/'n !'#) pe)en& $n* !u&ue p"!'&$(','&+ p"!'&$(','&+ e4enue )&e$# $n* $n* ') p")'&'"n. Mn+e$en% ;$n$e#en& !" $ !'# ') $,$+) een "n !'n$n%'$, $n$,+)'). I& ') u,&'#$&e,+
&he e)p"n)'(','&+ "! &he #$n$e#en& &" ,"" $& &he #")& e!!e%&'4e u&','/$&'"n "! &he e)"u%e). ;$n$e#en& &" ,"" $& &he #")& e!!e%&'4e ($,$n%e (e&een &he $))e& ,'$(','&+ #$n$e#en& e!!e%&'4e ') #$n$e#en& $n* )h"& &e# $n* ,"n &e# )",4en%+ %"n*'&'"n Te!ni-ues %ools %o $esu#e finn!il "e#fo#$n!e F'n$n%'$, T"",) R$&'" An$,+)') C"#p$$&'4e <$,$n%e Shee& C"##"n-S'/e <$,$n%e Shee&
S&$&')&'%$, &"",)7 Ten* $n$,+)')
R%io nl/sis*
The !'n$n%'$, $&'" $n$,+)') ') %"n)'*ee* &" (e &he #")& p"e!u, &"", "! !'n$n%'$, $n$,+)'). In )'#p,e ,$nu$e $&'" #e$n) e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een &" " #"e &h'n). I& ') $,)" )$'* &h$& $ $&'" ') &he 'n*'%$&e* u"&'en& "! &" #$&he#$&'%$, epe))'"n). The $&'" $n$,+)') $,)" he,p) &" )u##$'/e &he ,$e u$n&'&'e) "! !'n$n% !'n$n%'$, '$, *$&$ *$&$ $n* &" #$e #$e u$,'& u$,'&$&' $&'4e 4e 3u*#e 3u*#en&) n&) $("u& $("u& &he !'#: !'#:)) !'n$n% !'n$n%'$, '$, pe!"#$n%e. Thee Thee $e 4$'"u) ,'u'*'&+ $&'") h'%h $e u$n&'&$&'4e 'n n$&ue (u& $e he,p!u, &" #$e u$,'&$&'4e 3u*#en&) $("u& &he !'#. The !'n$n%'$, $&'") 'n4",4e u)e!u, 'n!"#$&'"n $("u& &he $n$,+)') "! &he !'#. H"e4e )&$n* $,"ne $&'" "! "ne !'# $,"ne #$+ n"& (e u)e!u, &" e4$,u$&e &he !'#:) pe!"#$n%e.
Co$"#%i&e S%%e$en%s*
C"#p$ C"#p$$&' $&'4e 4e )&$&e# )&$&e#en& en& $n$,+) $n$,+)') ') ') "ne "! &he &he #e&h"* #e&h"*)) &" &$%e &$%e pe'"* pe'"*'% '% %h$ne 'n &he !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e "! $ !'#. The %h$ne) "4e &he pe'"* $e *e)%'(e* (+ $+ "! 'n%e$)e $n* *e%e$)e 'n 'n%"#e )&$&e#en& $n* ($,$n%e )hee&. The) Th e)ee )&$& )&$&e# e#en en&) &) )u## )u##$ $'e 'e)) $n* $n* e)e e)en& n& e,$ e,$&e &e* * *$&$ *$&$ !" !" $ nu nu#( #(e e "! +e$ +e$) ) 'n%"p"$&'n &hee'n %h$ne) 'n 'n*'4'*u$, '&e#) "! !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&). The)e )&$&e# )&$&e#en& en&)) he,p he,p 'n #$'n #$'n 'n&e 'n&e-pe -pe' '"* "* $n* 'n&e 'n&e !'# !'# %"#p$ %"#p$')" ')"n) n) $n* $,)" $,)" h'h h'h,' ,'h h&& &he &he &en &en*) *) 'n pe! pe!" "#$ #$n% n%ee e!!' e!!'%' %'en en%+ %+ $n* $n* !'n$ !'n$n% n%'$ '$,, p" p")' )'&' &'"n "n.. An $))e))#en& "! %"#p$$&'4e !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) he,p) &" h'h,'h& &he )'n'!'%$n& -
!$%&) $n* p"'n&) "u& &he '&e#) eu''n !u&he $n$,+)'). A,, $nnu$, ep"& "! &he )e,e%&e* %"#p$n'e) p"4'*e) *$&$ e,$&e* &" ,$)& 2 !'n$n%'$, +e$). Co$$on Si0e S%%e$en%s*
C"##"n )'/e )&$&e#en& 'n*'%$&e) &he e,$&'"n)h'p "! 4$'"u) '&e#) '&h )"#e %"##"n '&e#) =epe))e* $) pe%en&$e "! &he %"##"n '&e#>. In &he 'n%"#e )&$&e#en&) &he )$,e) !'ue ') &$en $) ($)') $n* $,, "&he !'ue) $e epe))e* $) pe%en&$e 'n )$,e). S'#',$,+ S'#',$,+ 'n &he ($,$n%e )hee& &he &"&$, $))e&) $n* ,'$(','&'e) ') &$e &$ en n $) ($ ($)e )e $n $n* * $, $,,, !' !'u ue e)) $ $ee e ep pe) e))e )e* * $) pe pe% %en en&$ &$e e "! &h &h') ') &" &"&$ &$,. ,. Th Thee pe%en&$e) )" %$,%u,$&e* $e %"#p$e* '&h %"e)p"n*'n pe%en&$e) 'n "&he pe'"*) " "&he !'#) $n* #e$n'n!u, %"n%,u)'"n) $e *$n. ?ene$,,+ ?ene$,,+ $ %"##"n )'/e 'n%"#e )&$&e#en&) $n* %"##"n )'/e ($,$n%e )hee& ') pep$e*.
1. INDUSTRY PROFILE In%#ou!%ion
The In*'$n In*'$n C"n)& C"n)&u%& u%&'"n '"n In*u)& In*u)&+ + "ne "! &he !$)&e) !$)&e)&& "'n "'n C"n)& C"n)&u%& u%&'"n '"n In*u)&+ In&en$&'"n$,,+ $n* &he )e%"n* ,$e)& e#p,"+e 'n In*'$. The+ *e$,) '&h &he e+ $e$) "! %"n)&u%&'"n "pp"&un'&+ $n* @ $%&'4'&+ &he u)e "! PPP #"*e,) &+pe $n* e&en& "! u)e "! In&en$&'"n$, S&$n*$* F"# "! C"n&$%&) $n* C"n&$%& $*#'n')&$&'"n $n* %e&'!'%$&'"n p"%e))e). Cons%#u!%ion Inus%#/ De&elo"$en% Coun!il
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CONSTRUCTION OPPORTUNITY 3 ACTI?ITY
Ci&il A&i%ion Te O""o#%uni%ies
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Un*e &he ?"4en#en& "! In*'$M) E'h&h F'4e-+e$ P,$n =1BB2-B> "u&,$+ !" #$3" p"&) $) R) 2 (',,'"n =USL0.B (',,'"n>. $e ne%e))$+ &" %e$&e &he 50 #',,'"n &"ne) "! $**'&'"n$, %$p$%'&+ nee*e* (+ 2005-06 O! &h') &he p"&)M 'n&en$, e)"u%e) $e ,'e,+ &" +'e,* R) 15 (',,'"n =USL.B (',,'"n> (e&een 1BB6 $n* 2006. The ($,$n%e "! $"un* R) 11B (',,'"n =USL. (',,'"n> ',, nee* &" %"#e !"# "&he )"u%e) ,'e &he *"#e)&'% %$p'&$, #$e& " &h"uh 'n&en$&'"n$, %$p'&$, !,"). The #$3" p"&)-J$$h$,$, Nehu P"& Tu)&=JNPT> ;u#($' P"& Tu)& C"%h'n P"& Tu)& $n* $n*,$ P"& Tu)& h$4e *$n p,$n) &" $** $ %"n&$'ne &e#'n$, e$%h. The "4en#en& ') !",,"'n &he K,$n*,"* p"& #"*e,: hee p'4$&e p$&'e) ',, "pe$&e &e#'n$,) $n* "&he )e4'%e) h',e &he "ne)h'p "! ,$n* $&e!"n& $n* )e%u'&+ "u,* e#$'n un*e "4en#en& %"n&",. J; <$' @ C"#p$n+ $,"n '&h &he Du($' P"&) Au&h"'&+ ') )e&&'n up &he V')$h$ C"n&$'ne Te#'n$,. P @ O P"&) &h"uh '&) ;$u'&'u) e')&ee* %"#p$n+ &"" "4e &he ;un*$ In&en$&'"n$, C"n&$'ne Te#'n$, e$,'e n"n $) A$n' C"n&$'ne =;un*$> Te#'n$,) G&* $n* A P ;",,'e ?"up = $ D$n')h %"#p$n+ h'%h "n) ;$e) Se$,$n*> ') ,'e,+ &" &$e "4e &he P'p$4$4 P"&.
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R"$*) 'n In*'$ $e %$&e"')e* $) Epe))$+) N$&'"n$, H'h$+) S&$&e H'h$+) ;$3" D')&'%& R"$*) O&he D')&'%& R"$*) $n* 4',,$e "$*). The 'n4e)&#en&) nee*e* "4e &he ne& 10 +e$) &',, 2005-06 !" &he *e4e,"p#en& "! &he N$&'"n$, $n* S&$&e H'h$+) $e e)&'#$&e* &" &"&$, R) 1180 (',,'"n =USL . (',,'"n>. O! &h') (u*e&$+ e)"u%e) $e epe%&e* &" p"4'*e R) 65 (',,'"n =USL 1. (',,'"n> $n* #u,&',$&e$, $n* (',$&e$, $en%'e) R) 220 (',,'"n =USL6. (',,'"n>. P'4$&e )e%&" 'n4e)&#en& eu'e* ') $& ,e$)& R) 2B0 (',,'"n =USL 8. (',,'"n>. Ril4/s
De#$n* !" $', )e4'%e) h$) "n 'n &$n*e# '&h e%"n"#'% ep$n)'"n u'%,+ "u&)&'pp'n &he )upp,+ %$p$%'&+ "! e')&'n $))e&) =?OI 2002>. P'%'n $n"#$,'e) $n* *'!!een& p'"'&'e) $))'ne* &" &he In*'$n R$',$+) =IR> )&e&%he* &he 'n&en$, e)"u%e) &" &he e&en& &h$& eu,$ #$'n&en$n%e "! !'e* $))e&) $) $%%"*e* ," '
p'"'&+. A) $ e)u,& '#p"&$n& 'n!$)&u%&ue *e!'%'&) h$4e $ppe$e*. The)e *e!'%'&) h$4e %e$&e* )e'"u) ("&&,ene%) &h$& h$#pe !u&he "&h "n %e&$'n )e%&'"n) "! IR. The nee* &" 'n%e$)e 'n4e)&#en& 'n 'n!$)&u%&ue $) e%"n'/e* 'n &he ,$&e 1BB0). ?"4en#en& ') )e'"u),+ %"n)'*e'n &" (u',* *e*'%$&e* !e'h& %"'*") '&h &he he,p "! p'4$&e p$&'%'p$&'"n). CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND CERTIFICATION PROCESSES
A,, p"%e)) @ )+)&e#) 'n4",4e* 'n p"%ue#en& @ ee%u&'"n "! pu(,'% ") h$4e &" h$4e7 V$,ue !" #"ne+ T$n)p$en%+ A%%"un&$(','&+ E!!'%'en%+
TRANSPARENCY
Pu(,'% #"ne+ ') 'n4",4e*–") $e *"ne !" &he ene$, pu(,'%–Sh"u,* )&$n* pu(,'% )%u&'n+. <+ pu&&'n 'n p,$%e $n e,$("$&e )+)&e# "! %he%) @ ($,$n%e)–<+ *e!'n'n 'n e$& *e&$', p"%e))e) p"%e*ue) $u&h"'&+ e)p"n)'(','&+–;$'n #$'#u# 'n!"#$&'"n $4$',$(,e &" pu(,'%. ?OI h$) 'n&"*u%e* RTI A%&. )
The ue)&'"n "u,* (e ') '& $%h'e4e* The $n)e ') +e) –(+ $+ "! $%%"un& %"*e) @ ") #$nu$,). The ne& ue)&'"n "u,* (e $& h$& %")& The e)p"n)e ') &h$& ,'e e4e+&h'n e,)e &$n)p$en%+ %"#e) '&h $ %")&9 &h') ') 'n &e#) "! &'#e &$en. Ne%e))'&+ &" %"#p,+ '&h ,$e nu#(e "! u,e) &en*) &" *e,$+ " )," *"n p"%e))e). Fe$ "! 4'",$&'n &he u,e) #$e) "!!'%e) %$u&'"u) &hu) !u&he ),"'n *"n p"%e))e). S" h$& ') &he )",u&'"n A 4'$-#e*'$ nee*) &" (e $*"p&e* Ru,e) )h"u,* (e #"*'!'e* &" '4e e$&e !ee*"# &" p"3e%& #$n$e) (u& )'#u,&$ne"u),+ &he+ )h"u,* (e he,* $%%"un&$(,e !" *e,'4e+. The h'e$%h+ "! "(3e%&'4e) )h"u,* (e e,, *e!'ne*. ACCOUNTA@ILITY
An"&he '))ue ') &he $%%"un&$(','&+ $n* "ne )h"u,* h$4e n" *"u(&) $("u& '&. A pe)"n h$) &" (e $%%"un&$(,e !" &he " he *"e)-he&he p"%ue)ee%u&e) pu(,'% ") " *"e) " !" $ p'4$&e "$n'/$&'"n. I& h$) "n,+ "ne '))ue A%%"un&$(','&+ )h"u,* " h$n* 'n h$n* '&h $u&h"'&+ "4e p"%e))e).
EFFICIENCY*
E!!'%'en%+ ') *'!!'%u,& &" *e!'ne. N"#$,,+ e!!'%'en%+ ') #')&$en !" e%"n"#+. H"e4e $ p"3e%& ee%u&e* '&h '%he )pe%'!'%$&'"n) '.e. '&h h'he 'n'&'$, "u&,$+ #$+ (e #"e e%"n"#'%$, $) '& e*u%e) h",e ,'!e %+%,e %")&). S'#',$,+ $ p"3e%& ee%u&e* !$)&e #$+ (e #"e e%"n"#'%$, $) '& $,,") u&','&+ &" (e u)e* e$,+. Pe)en& )'&u$&'"n "! pu(,'% ") 'n In*'$ h$) '&) !"%u) "n )$4'n %")&)
ne%e))'&+ "! *"'n &h'n) !$)&e h$) n"& (een '4en *ue %"n)'*e$&'"n N" &hee h$) (een $ p$$*'# )h'!& 'n &he 4'e p"'n& "! &he ?"4en#en&. F"%u) ') )h'!&'n &" !$)&e $n* (e&&e *e,'4e+ )+)&e#) $n* h$#"n'/e* p"%ue#en& )+)&e#). Thee ') $ "'n !ee,'n &h$& e')&'n "$n'/$&'"n) '&h &he' &$*'&'"n$, p"%e))e) #$+ n"& (e $(,e &" #ee& epe%&$&'"n) NEED FOR IMPRO?IN7 EFFICIENCY
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1.; COMPANY PROFILE INTRODUCTION
E)&$(,')h'n *eep ""&e* !"un*$&'"n) 'n 1BB6 O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. ') $ &une+ 'n&e'" %"n&$%&'n %"#p$n+. Un*e &he epe& u'*$n%e "! ;. Pe&e ;D @ CEO $n* ;. S'$# Ch$'#$n $n* &he *e*'%$&e* &e$# &he %"#p$n+ h$) ep$n*e* &" (e%"#e "ne "! &he (e)& 'n '&) !'e,*. I& h$) $,)" pe!e%&e* '&)e,! $) $n $e)&he&'% %"#('n$&'"n "! )',, )pee* "#$n)h'p $n* pun%&u$,'&+ ,e4e$e* (+ $ *e%$*e) "&h "! epe'en%e. Th') 'n !$%& ') "ne "! &he #$3" e$)"n) !" &he %"#p$n+ &" h$4e $&&$'ne* &he #u%h $%%,$'#e* ISO %e&'!'%$&'"n $ )&"n *"#$'n $n* ,"n,$)&'n (u)'ne)) e,$&'"n)h'p) '&h #$n+ "! &he #$3" $%h'&e%&) $n* %,'en&) 'n In*'$. C
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u$,'&+ ') $ )&$&e "! (e'n $n* ,e4e, "! %"#pe&en%+. A& O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. e en)ue &he h'he)& ,e4e,) "! u$,'&+ 'n "u ".
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I.
CIVIL & INTERIOR WORKS:
O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. )pe%'$,'/e) 'n ('n'n "u&)&$n*'n %e$&'"n) &h"uh '&) e%ep&'"n$, 'n&e'" *e)'n )",u&'"n). '&h'n $ )p$n "! 15 +e$) O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. h$) $%%u#u,$&e* $n epe&')e &h$& ') 'n%"#p$$(,e &" $n+ "&he p,$+e 'n &he 'n*u)&+ (+ &he )&"n u'*$n%e $n* he$*)h'p "! ;.S..Pe&e &he ;$n$'n D'e%&" "! O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. $) $ e)"u%e!u,,+ )&u%&ue* "$n'/$&'"n ') ($%e* (+ e,,-u$,'!'e* $n* 4e&e$n p"!e))'"n$,) 'n '&) &e$#. The)e p"!e))'"n$,) u$$n&ee 'n h$n*'n "4e &he De,'4e$(,e) '&h u&#")& u$,'&+ )&$n*$*) $n* )&'%&,+ $*hee &" &'#e,'ne) &hee(+ #$'n O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. &he #")& pe!ee* &une+ %"n&$%&" &" un*e&$e 'n&e'" &une+ p"3e%&). Th') %,")e,+ n'& &e$# "! *e)'n p"!e))'"n$,) $n* $%h'&e%&) $& O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. $()"( $n* &$n),$&e %,'en&): *e$#) 'n&" 'nn'n p"3e%&) h'%h &un "u& &" (e )u%%e))!u, ("&h $e)&he&'%$,,+ $n* %"##e%'$,,+. In&e'" *e)'n epe&) $& *
O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. " "n $,, &he 'n&e'" *')%'p,'ne). The *e)'n) ene$&e* !"# &he )&u*'") $e &he e))en%e "! $&')&+ h'%h h$) 'n*ee* e$ne* $n en"#"u) ""*-',, 'n $e$ "! 'n&e'" &une+ %"n&$%&'n. II.
CLIENTS SATISFACTION
'&h $ !'# %"##'&#en& &" enh$n%e &he %,'en&): )$&')!$%&'"n O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. $,$+) (e,'e4e) 'n &$n)%en*'n &he u$,'&+ )&$n*$*) 'n '&) e4e+ 'n'&'$&'4e. I& e#ph$)'/e) "n u$,'&+ e%e,,en%e $n* &'#e,+ %"#p,e&'"n &" &he !u,,e)& )$&')!$%&'"n "! &he C,'en&). The e4e ep$n*'n ,')& "! %,'en&) )&$n*) $) $ ,'4e &e)&$#en& &" &h'). O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. h$) e!!e%&'4e,+ %"n&'(u&e* '&) epe&')e 'n p"4'*'n &he)e e%ep&'"n$, 'n&e'" &une+ )",u&'"n) &" p,en&'!u, %"##e%'$, IT "!!'%e) p"pe&+ *e4e,"pe) $n* #$n+ "&he p"3e%&). S"#e "! &he &"p ($))e) 'n &he %,'en&e,e 'n%,u*e TCS C"n'/$n& R"+$, <$n "! S%"&,$n* HS G&*. en*e) %'4', ") &" %,'en&) 'n $%%"*$n%e &" &he 'n&e'" eu'e#en&). '&h &he e&en*e* epe&')e "! %'4', en'nee'n p"!e))'"n$,) $n* %"n&$%&") O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. "!!e) '&) e&en*e* )e4'%e) 'n %"#p,'$n%e '&h &he In*'$n )&$n*$*) "! %'4', " 'n #$n+ "! '&) )pe%'!'%$&'"n) @ )'&e eu'e#en&). H$4'n $%h'e4e* $ *"#'n$n& p")'&'"n 'n &he 'n*u)&+ "! In&e'" Tune+ S",u&'"n) $n* "n &he he$& "! nu#e"u) %,'en&) O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*.
,
h$) $&hee* $,, '&) epe&')e $n* p,$%e* '&) !')& )&ep (+ 4en&u'n 'n&" %'4', %"n)&u%&'"n. In %",,$("$&'"n '&h &he #")& Repu&e* $n* e,,-epe'en%e* G&*. h$) ne,+ )&eppe* 'n&" &he $en$ "! %"n)&u%&'"n "! #u,&')&"'e* $p$&#en&) $%")) Chenn$'. I.
ELECTRICAL:
C$&e'n &" &he *'4e)e eu'e#en&) "! %,'en&) O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. "!!e) u($ne E,e%&'%$, )e4'%e) h'%h 'n4",4e) *e)'n'n $n* ee%u&'"n "! e,e%&'%$, 'n)&$,,$&'"n) $) $ p$& "! &he 'n&e'" &une+ %"n&$%&'n. The *e&e"u) p"!e))'"n$,) $))ue &h$& &he p"*u%&) u)e* $e "! ($n*e* #$e $) pe &he )pe%'!'%$&'"n) '&h h'he)& u$,'&+ &hee(+ en)u'n &he )$!e&+ $n* *u$(','&+ "! &he e,e%&'%$, 'n)&$,,$&'"n) $) $ h",e. O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. "!!e) $,, 'n*) "! 'n&e'" e,e%&'%$, " '&h )&$n*$* )pe%'!'%$&'"n @ ($n* &" )u'& e4e+ )pe%'!'% e,e%&'%$, ,$+"u& @ %,'en&): eu'e#en&. The 4$'"u) )e4'%e) &h$& 'n&en* &" pe)en& )$!e )e%ue* $n* un'n&eup&e* )e4'%e) $e $) !",,")9
HT )u()&$&'"n 11044224114.
HT @ GT S'&%h e$).
D')&'(u&'"n T$n)!"#e).
D? Se&) 'n%,u*'n $%"u)&'%) Fue, h$n*,'n $n* Eh$u)& )+)&e#).
UPS $n* E#een%+ G'h&'n S+)&e#.
O!!'%e )p$%e e,e%&'%$, ") $n* "&he e,$&e* Se4'%e).
II.
Te)&'n %"##'))'"n'n "! HT @ GT "). H?AC*
HEATIN? VENTIGATION AIR CONDITIONIN? =HVAC> The 4e+ pup")e "! O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. "!!e'n HVAC )e4'%e ') &" en*e u$,'&+ e,'$(,e p"*u%&) @ )e4'%e) &h$& un'&e pe!"#$n%e '&h 4$,ue p'%'n h',e %e$&'n $ #u&u$,,+ )u%%e))!u, e,$&'"n)h'p '&h %,'en&) $n* )upp,'e. O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. ') $ p'"nee 'n &he 'n*u)&+ !" *e)'n'n $n* ee%u&'n he$&'n 4en&',$&'"n $'-%"n*'&'"n'n )+)&e#) $n* )",u&'"n).
EY STREN?THS7
A %"e *e)'n &e$# &" %"#('ne pe!"#$n%e) '&h $e)&he&'%) en)u'n $ %")&-
e!!e%&'4e $' %"n*'&'"n'n )+)&e# A p,$nn'n &e$# &" en)ue #"4e#en& "! #$&e'$, $& &he $pp"p'$&e &'#e
e*u%e $)&$e) $n* *e,'4e'n p"3e%&) "n &'#e E%,u)'4e Pu%h$)e $n* u$,'&+ C"n&", *ep$&#en& &" p"%ue u$,'&+
p"*u%&) $& e$)"n$(,e $&e) $n* en)ue 4$,ue !" #"ne+ A "up "! p"3e%& &e$#) &" en)ue %"-"*'n$&'"n $#"n "&he $en%'e) )$!e&+ "! "#$n $n* &$n),$&'n &he *e)'n 'n&" e$,'&+ -
Se&) "! e,,-epe'en%e* $n* h$n*p'%e* %"n&$%&") &" $ %"n)",'*$&e*
)&en&h "! 150 – 225 pe"p,e A *e*'%$&e* !$%&"+ '&h '#p"&e* #$%h'ne) !" Du%& ;$nu!$%&u'n Du%&) $e #$*e u)'n &he ,$&e)& <",& – TDC )+)&e# e$*'%$&'n &he u)e "! ;S
An,e !$#e) h'%h ') %"")'4e (+ n$&ue A "up "! 4e&e$n) "! <,ue S&$ pe)"nne, "'n 'n &$n*e# '&h u) u'*'n $n* en%"u$'n u) &" $%h'e4e "u *e$#) $n* "$,)
III.
FIRE 3 SAFETY*
O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. ') $n $u&hen&'% 'n&e'" &une+ "$n'/$&'"n h'%h ') e,,-eu'ppe* $n* e,,-)pe%'$,'/e* !" '#p,e#en&'n Se%u'&+ @ F'e 'n)&$,,$&'"n) "n $ &une+ ($)'). '&h '&) p'#e !"%u) ep& "n ene+ %"n)e4$&'"n &h"uh 'n&e$&e* 'n&e,,'en& (u',*'n #$n$e#en& $n* $u&"#$&'"n )+)&e#) h'%h 'n%,u*e9
?$) Suppe))'"n. F'e p"&e%&'"n )+)&e#. In&en$, )p'n,e !" $eh"u)e $n* "!!'%e. F'e h+*$n& !" !$%&"+ $n* (u',*'n). FAS. CCTV. PA )+)&e#). A%%e)) C"n&",.
EY STREN7THS*
In-h"u)e "up) &h$& "!!e &"p-&"-("&&"# )e%u'&+ )",u&'"n) '&h 'n&en$&'"n$, u$,'&+ )&$n*$*) !" &he '#p,e#en&$&'"n $n* #$'n&en$n%e "! &he p"3e%&).
+'
A )&"n De)'n Te$# '&h en'%he* &e%hn'%$, )',,) &" e)&$(,')h &he h'he)& )en)e "! Se%u'&+ '&h ne%e))$+ )&$n*$*) &h"uh #'n'#u# eu'p#en&
u)$e An e%,u)'4e &e$# '&h h'he)& "! epe&')e !" )u%%e))!u, 'n)&$,,$&'"n &he
)+)&e#) "n $ pe#')e. A )&"n p$&ne)h'p '&h e,,-e%"n'/e* OE;) &" ee%u&e p"3e%&).
The en&'e )e& "! p"*u%&) p"%ue* !" 'n)&$,,'n &he !'e $n* )$!e&+ 'n&e'" )",u&'"n) $e !"# ,e$*'n 'n&en$&'"n$, ($n*). The+ 'n $**'&'"n h$4e $%u'e* In&en$&'"n$, S&$n*$*) h'%h 'n%,u*e &he CE =Eu"pe$n Ce&'!'%$&'"n> UG UGC F; $n* )" "n !" &he )$#e.
IV.
CI?IL CONSTRUCTION*
O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. en*e) %'4', ") &" %,'en&) 'n $%%"*$n%e &" &he 'n&e'" eu'e#en&). '&h &he e&en*e* epe&')e "! %'4', en'nee'n p"!e))'"n$,) $n* %"n&$%&") O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. "!!e) '&) e&en*e* )e4'%e) 'n %"#p,'$n%e '&h &he In*'$n )&$n*$*) "! %'4', " 'n #$n+ "! '&) )pe%'!'%$&'"n) @ )'&e eu'e#en&). H$4'n $%h'e4e* $ *"#'n$n& p")'&'"n 'n &he 'n*u)&+ "! In&e'" Tune+ S",u&'"n) $n* "n &he he$& "! nu#e"u) %,'en&) O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. h$) $&hee* $,, '&) epe&')e $n* p,$%e* '&) !')& )&ep (+ 4en&u'n 'n&" %'4', %"n)&u%&'"n 'n &he n$#e @ )&+,e O%e$n G'!e Sp$%e) P4& G&* h'%h ') $n 100 )u()'*'$+ "! O%e$n In&e'") =P> G&*. +)
In %",,$("$&'"n '&h &he #")& Repu&e* $n* e,,-epe'en%e* G&*. h$) )&eppe* 'n&" &he $en$ "! %'4', %"n)&u%&'"n "! (u',*'n) 'n %"##e%'$, )p$%e) !$%&"+ )p$%e) $n* e)'*en&'$, )p$%e).
C+IENTS-
+
++
CHAPTER II
$.% RE?IEW OF LITERTURE Do#on Nissi$ 3 S%e"en H Pen$n (1>>>)
In h') e)e$%h $&'%,e "n !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e he h$) p"'n&e* &h$& &h') p$pe "u&,'ne) $ !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& $n$,+)') !" u)e 'n eu'&+ 4$,u$&'"n. S&$n*$* p"!'&$(','&+ $n$,+)') ') 'n%"p"$&e* $n* e&en*e* $n* ') %"#p,e#en&e* '&h $n $n$,+)') "! "&h. The pe)pe%&'4e ') "ne "! !"e%$)&'n p$+"!!) &" eu'&'e). S" !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& ') pe)en&e* !')& $) $ #$&&e "! Pe!"#$ $n$,+)') "! &he !u&ue '&h !"e%$)&e* $&'" 4'ee* $) (u',*'n (,"%) "! !"e%$)&) "! p$+"!!). +C
enne/ An Mulle# (1>>>)
In h') e)e$%h $&'%,e "n !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e he h$) p"'n&e* &h$& &he $n$,+)') $n* 'n!een%e) 'n&epe&$&'"n "! !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& $e $n $&&e#p& &" *e&e#'ne &he )'n'!'%$n%e $n* #e$n'n "! !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& *$&$ )" &h$& &he !"e%$)& #$+ (e #$*e "! &he p")pe%&) !" !u&ue e$n'n) $(','&+ &" p$+ 'n&ee)& $n* *e(& #$&u$&e) =("&h %uen& $n* ,"n &e#> $n* p"!'&$(','&+ $n* )"un* *'4'*en* p",'%+. A,%e2 un Mnuel De L Fuen%e Puen%e2 Es%e# e Bue&eo (;)
Th') p$pe e4'e) &he e#p''%$, ,'&e$&ue $n$,+/'n &he e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een %"p"$&e epu&$&'"n $n* !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e. I& p"'n&) "u& &he p"e)) #$*e $n* &he ne &en*) &h$& h$4e (e%"#e $pp$en& e!,e%&) "n &he $p) &h$& h$4e (een ,e!& 'n "u n",e*e $n* )pe%u,$&e) "n p"))'(,e !u&ue )&u*'e) &h$& ',, $,," u) &" en,$e "u n",e*e "! &h') e,$&'"n)h'p. Eli0,e% Dun!n n Ellio%% (8)
In &h') e)e$%h $&'%,e "n !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e he h$) p"'n&e* &h$& he h$* )&$&e* &h$& &he p$pe
'n &he &'&,e "! e!!'%'en%+ %u)&"#e )e4'%e $n* !'n$n%'n
pe!"#$n%e $#"n Au)&$,'$n !'n$n%'$, 'n)&'&u&'"n) )h"e* &h$& $,, !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e #e$)ue) $) 'n&ee)& #$'n e&un "n $))e&) $n* %$p'&$, $*eu$%+ $e p")'&'4e,+ %"e,$&e* '&h %u)&"#e )e4'%e u$,'&+ )%"e). ons El$e##Gi (9)
In h') e)e$%h $&'%,e "n !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e he h$) p"'n&e* &h$& he &'e) &" )$+ &h$& $&'" %$n (e $n 'n4$,u$(,e &"", !" #$'n $n 'n4e)&#en& *e%')'"n. E4en )" #$n+ ne 'n4e)&") "u,* $&he ,e$4e &he' *e%')'"n &" !$&e &h$n &+ &"
+D
*e$, '&h &he 'n&'#'*$&'"n "! !'n$n%'$, $&'"). The &u&h ') &h$& $&'") $en:& &h$& 'n&'#'*$&'n e4en '! +"u *"n:& h$4e $ *eee 'n (u)'ne)) " !'n$n%e. U)'n $&'" &" #$e 'n!"#e* *e%')'"n) $("u& $n 'n4e)&#en& #$e) $ ,"& "! )%ene) "n%e +"u n" h" u)e &he#
on G. 4il2 .R. Su,#$n/$ 3 Ro,e#% f. Hlse/ ()
In h') e)e$%h $&'%,e "n !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e he h$) p"'n&e* &h$& he h$4e )$'* &h$& &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& $n$,+)') ') &he $pp,'%$&'"n "! $n$,+&'%$, &"", $n* &e%hn'ue &" ene$,- pup")e !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) $n* e,$&e* *$&$ &" *e'4e e)&'#$&e) $n* 'n!een%e) u)e!u, 'n (u)'ne)) $n$,+)'). F'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& $n$,+)') e*u%e) e,'$n%e "n hun%he) ue))e) $n* 'n&u'&'"n !" (u)'ne)) *e%')'"n. I& *e%e$)e) &he un%e&$'n&+ "! (u)'ne)) $n$,+)'). I.M Pne/ (<)
In h') e)e$%h $&'%,e "n !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e he h$) p"'n&e* &h$& &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& %"n&$'n 'n!"#$&'"n $("u& &he !'n$n%'$, %"n)euen%e) $n* )"u%e) $n* u)e) "! !'n$n%'$, e)"u%e) "ne )h"u,* (e $(,e &" )$+ he&he &he !'n$n%'$, 4$'$(,e '4en 'n !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) 'n $ #e$n'n!u, $+ h'%h ',, )ue)& &he $%&'"n) h'%h "ne #$+ h$4e &" 'n'&'$&e &" '#p"4e &he !'#:) !'n$n%'$, %"n*'&'"n. Susn 4# (:)
In h') e)e$%h $&'%,e "n !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e he h$) p"'n&e* &h$& e#ph$)') &h$& !'n$n%'$, $n$,+)') u)'n $&'" (e&een e+ 4$,ue) he,p 'n4e)&") %"pe '&h &he #$))'4e $#"un& "! nu#(e) 'n %"#p$n+ !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&). F" e$#p,e &he+ %$n %"#pu&e &he pe%en&$e "! ne& p"!'& $ %"#p$n+ ') ene$&'n "n &he !un*) '& h$) +*
*ep,"+e*. A,, "&he &h'n) e#$'n'n &he )$#e $ %"#p$n+ &h$& e$n) $ h'he pe%en&$e "! p"!'& %"#p$e* &" "&he %"#p$n'e) ') $ (e&&e 'n4e)&#en& "p&'"n.
?e#n C"'un2 A#i Pe'' H$e#i2 L4#en!e A. Weiss2 (>)
The p$pe !'n*) $ )'n'!'%$n& p")'&'4e %"e,$&'"n (e&een 'n4en&"+ pe!"#$n%e =&"&$, $) e,, $) &he *')%e&e %"#p"nen&) "! 'n4en&"+> $n* #e$)ue) "! !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e =$& ("&h &he ")) $n* "pe$&'n ,e4e,)> !" !'#) 'n #$nu!$%&u'n 'n*u)&'e). The %"e,$&'"n (e&een &he pe!"#$n%e "! *')%e&e &+pe) "! 'n4en&"+ $n* !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e 4$'e) )'n'!'%$n&,+ $%")) 'n4en&"+ &+pe). R;I pe!"#$n%e h$) &he h'he)& %"e,$&'"n '&h $,, !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e #e$)ue).
&h$& &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& $n$,+)') 'n4",4e) $n$,+/'n &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) &" e&$%& 'n!"#$&'"n &h$& %$n !$%','&$&e *e%')'"n #$'n. I& ') &he p"%e)) "! e4$,u$&'n &he e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een %"#p"nen& p$&) "! &he e4$,u$&'n &he e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een %"#p"nen& p$&) "! &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) &" "(&$'n $ (e&&e un*e)&$n*'n "! $n en&'&+:) p")'&'"n $n* pe!"#$n%e.
S.M. T#i- f# (1)
The $u&h" #$*e )&u*+ &" ep,"e* &he &u&h &h$& &he $&'") $e %$,%u,$&e* !"# &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&): h'%h $e pep$e* $) *e)'e* (+ &he #$n$e#en& $n* p",'%'e) $*"p&e* "n *epe%'$&'"n $n* )&"% 4$,ue) $n* &hu) p"*u%e "n,+ $ %",,e%&'"n "! +,
!$%&) epe))e* 'n #"ne&$+ &e# $n* %$nn"& p"*u%e %"#p,e&e $n* $u&hen&'% p'%&ue "! &he (u)'ne)) $n* $,)" #$+ n"& h'h,'h& "&he !$%&") h'%h $!!e%&) pe!"#$n%e. The+ !"un* &h$& &" %"n&", #$n$e:) #$n$e#en& "!&en "4eu)e $&'" $n* %"n%en&$&e #"e "n '#p"4'n &he $&'") $n* $,)" n"n !$%& &h$& $&'" ') )'#p,e %"#p$')"n "! nu#e$&" $n* $ *en"#'n$&" $n* 'n %"#p$'n $&'") '& (e%"#e *'!!'%u,& &" $*3u*'%$&e he&he *'!!een%e) $e *ue &" %h$ne 'n &he nu#e$&" " *en"#'n$&" " 'n ("&h. I& ') $,)" !"un* &h$& $&'") $e 'n&e%"nne%&e* (u& $e "!&en &e$&e* (+ #$n$e#en& 'n ')",$&'"n $n* $,)" !"un* &h$& $n$,+)') "! $&'") ,$% $u&hen&'%'&+ $) *$&$ u)e* 'n %$,%u,$&'"n $e n"& $%%u$&e (u& #$n'pu,$&e* pe)en&$&'"n (+ &he p"#"&e).
P#i/'s (1)
In &h') e)e$%h $&'%,e "n !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e he h$) p"'n&e* &h$& !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& $n$,+)') ') &he p"%e)) "! e$#'n'n e,$&'"n)h'p) $#"n !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& e,e#en&) $n* #$'n %"#p$')"n) '&h e,e4$n& 'n!"#$&'"n. I& ') $ &"", 'n *e%')'"n#$'n p"%e))e) e,$&e* &" )&"%) ("n*).
e#Jni$o e @u#+os i$Kne0 Die+o ?0-ue0 @#us% (1;)
Th') p$pe $n$,+)e) &he e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een en4'"n#en&$, p"&e%&'"n $n* #'*
‐
&e# !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e !"%u)'n "n hen $n* h+ &h') e,$&'"n)h'p ') p")'&'4e. In p$&'%u,$ &he p$pe *')$e$&e) en4'"n#en&$, p"&e%&'"n *'!!een&'$&'n (e&een en4'"n#en&$, #$n$e#en& p$%&'%e) en4'"n#en&$, p"$%&'4'&+ $n* en4'"n#en&$, pe!"#$n%e "! &he "$n'/$&'"n.
+
P#o#o$os C%0o+lou 2 Di$i%#ios C%0oues 2 Ni'olos i"#ios 2 (19)
The pup")e "! &h') p$pe ') &" ep,"e &he e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een &he $%u')'&'"n "! $n ISO B000 %e&'!'%$&'"n $n* &he "4e$,, !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e "! &he %e&'!'e* !'#). ;"e )pe%'!'%$,,+ &he )&u*+ p"p")e) $ #u,&'*'#en)'"n$, %"n%ep&u$, !$#e" 'n%,u*'n Q%u)&"#e): *e#$n* QISO $*"p&'"n Q"pe$&'"n e!!'%'en%+ Q#$e& e!!'%'en%+ $n* Q"4e$,, !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e. Su%h $ #u,&'*'#en)'"n$, $pp"$%h h$) $n*"#,+ (een ep,"e* 'n &he e')&'n ,'&e$&ue #$'n &he e$#'n$&'"n "! &he p"p")e* %"n%ep&u$, !$#e" $n 'n&ee)&'n e)e$%h &"p'%. M. ?en'% Su,#$nin (1)
F'n$n%'$, $n$,+)') e!ee* &" !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& $n$,+)') " $%%"un&'n $n$,+)') e!e) &" $n $))e))#en& "! &he 4'$(','&+ )&$(','&+ $n* p"!'&$(','&+ "! $ (u)'ne)) )u(-(u)'ne)) " p"3e%&. The #$'n '*e$ (eh'n* &h') )&u*+ ') &" $n$,+/e &he !'n$n%'$, "pe$&'n p")'&'"n "! &he %"#p$n+. Th') e)e$%h ') *"ne '&h he,p "! )e%"n*$+ *$&$ h'%h ') $&hee* !"# &he $nnu$, ep"& "! &he %"#p$n+. The !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e %$n (e #e$)ue* (+ u)'n 4$'"u) !'n$n%'$, &"",) )u%h $) p"!'&$(','&+ $&'" )",4en%+ $&'" %"#p$$&'4e )&$&e#en& e&%. <$)e* "n &he $n$,+)') !'n*'n) h$4e (een $'4e* &h$& &he %"#p$n+ h$) "& en"uh !un*) &" #ee& '&) *e(&) @ ,'$(','&'e) &he 'n%"#e )&$&e#en& "! &he %"#p$n+ )h") )$,e) "! &he %"#p$n+ 'n%e$)e* e4e+ +e$ $& ""* $&e $n* p"!'& $,)" 'n%e$)e* e4e+ +e$.
. NEED FOR THE STUDY
Th') )&u*+ ') )e,e%&e* &" $n$,+/e &he !'n$n%'$, )&en&h $n* e$ne)) "! &he %"#p$n+. A& pe)en& &he %"#p$n+ ') !$%'n p"(,e# 'n e$n'n p"!'& 'n +-
$%%"*$n%e '&h )$,e). The +e$ 201 &" 2016 &he p"!'& ,e4e, ') 8.B6.6.152 $) %"#p$e* &" &he pe4'"u) &" +e$) 2012-201
.; O@ECTI?ES OF THE STUDY* P#i$#/ o,Ge!%i&es*
T" $n$,+/e &he !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e "! O%e$n In&e'").
Se!on#/ o,Ge!%i&es*
T" )&u*+ &he ,'u'*'&+ )",4en%+ p"!'&$(','&+ p")'&'"n "! &he %"#p$n+. T" n" &he !u&ue p")pe%&u) "! &he %"#p$n+. A)%e&$'n'n &he p$)& $n* %uen& !'n$n%'$, pe!"#$n%e) "! &he !'# '&h &he he,p "! %"#p$$&'4e ($,$n%e )hee&.
.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The )%"pe "! )&u*+ ') ,'#'&e* &" &he "pe$&'"n) "! O%e$n In&e'"). The 'n!"#$&'"n "(&$'ne* !"# &he p'#$+ $n* )e%"n*$+ )"u%e) $e ,'#'&e* &" O%e$n In&e'"). The e+ pe!"#$n%e 'n*'%$&") ee &$en !"# $nnu$, ep"&) "! O%e$n 'n&e'"). The 'n!"#$&'"n e$*'n Annu$, ep"&) p"!'& @ ,")) A%%"un& <$,$n%e Shee& $e &$en !"# ,$)& !'4e +e$). C"#p$')"n An$,+)') $) *"ne '&h 'n!"#$&'"n $4$',$(,e 'n $nnu$, ep"&).
C'
Th') )&u*+ he,p) &he %"#p$n+ &" '#p"4e '#p"4e &he pe!"#$n%e. pe!"#$n%e. E!!e%&'4e E!!e%&'4e u&','/$&'"n "! !'n$n%'$, e)"u%e $n* &h$& ,e$*) &" $%h'e4e p"!'&$(','&+ $n* e!!'%'en%+ "! "pe$&'"n. Th') )&u*+ ',, he,p &" !$#e )&$&e'e) $n* &" &$e *e%')'"n #$'n. .9 RESEARCH METHODOLO7Y MEANIN7 OF RESEARCH*
Re)e$%h 'n %"##"n p$,$n%e e!e) &" $ )e$%h !" n",e*e. One %$n $,)" *e!'ne e)e$%h $) $ )%'en&'!'% $n* )+)&e#$&'% )e$%h !" pe&'nen& 'n!"#$&'"n "n $ )pe%'!'% &"p'%. In !$%& e)e$%h ') $n $& "! )%'en&'!'% 'n4e)&'$&'"n. 'n4e)&'$&'"n. hen e &$, "! e)e$%h #e&h"*) (u& $,)" %"n)'*e &he ,"'% (eh'n* &he #e&h"*) e u)e 'n &he %"n&e& "! "u e)e$%h )&u*+ $n* ep,$'n h+ e $e u)'n $ p$&'%u,$ #e&h"* " &e%hn'ue &e%hn'ue $n* h+ e $e n"& u)'n "&he) )" &h$& e)e$%h e)e$%h e)u,&) $e %$p$(,e "! (e'n e4$,u$&e*.
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH*
A%%"* A%%"*'n 'n &" C,'!! C,'!!"* "* ""* ""*+ + e)e$ e)e$%h %h %"#p' %"#p')e) )e) "! Q*e!'n Q*e!'nee $n* e*e! e*e!'n' 'n'n n p"(,e# !"#u,$&'n h+p"&he)') " )ue)&e* )",u&'"n %",,e%&'n "$n'/'n $n* e4$,u$&'n *$&$9 #$'n *e*u%&'"n $n* e$%h'n %"n%,u)'"n9 $n* $& ,$)& %$e!u,,+ &e)&'n &he %"n%,u)'"n &" *e&e#'ne he&he &he+ !'& &he !"#u,$&'n h+p"&he)'). Re)e$ e)e$% %h h %$n (e *e!' *e!'n ne* $) &he &he )e$ )e$%%h "! n" n", ,e* e* e " $n+ )+)& )+)&e# e#$& $&''% 'n4e)& 'n4e)&'$ '$&'" &'"n n &" e)&$(, e)&$(,')h ')h !$%&. !$%&. The p'#$ p'#$+ + pu pup" p")e )e !" !" $pp,'e $pp,'e* * e)e$ e)e$%h %h =$) "pp")e* &" ($)'% e)e$%h> ') *')%"4e'n 'n&epe&'n $n* &he *e4e,"p#en& "! C)
#e&h"*) $n* )+)&e#) !" &he $*4$n%e#en& "! hu#$n n",e*e "n $ 4$'e&+ "! )%'en&'!'% #$&&e) "! "u ",* $n* &he un'4e)e. RESEARCH DESI7N
The Re)e$%h ') "! 4$'"u) &+pe) ,'e App,'e* Re)e$%h De)%'p&'4e Re)e$%h An$,+&'%$, Re)e$%h E#p''%$, Re)e$%h Ep,"$&"+ Re)e$%h e&%. The &+pe "! e)e$%h u)e* 'n &h') )&u*+ ') $n$,+&'%$, e)e$%h. ANALYTICAL ANALYTICAL RESEARCH* RESE ARCH*
An$,+&'%$, e)e$%h ') %"n%ene* '&h *e&e#'n'n 4$,'*'&+ "! h+p"&he)') ($)e* "n $n$,+) $n$,+)') ') "! !$%&) !$%&) %",,e% %",,e%&e* &e*.. The e)e$ e)e$%he %he u)e) u)e) !$%&) !$%&) " 'n!" 'n!"#$& #$&'"n '"n $,e$* $,e$*+ + $4$',$(,e $n* *"e) $n$,+)') &" #$e %'&'%$, e4$,u$&'"n "! &he #$&e'$,.
SOURCES OF DAT DATA COLLECTION COLLECTIO N
The *$&$ %",,e%&'"n) %,$))'!'e* 'n&" &" &+pe) $e P'#$+ *$&$ $n* Se%"n*$+ *$&$. P#i$#/ D%
P'#$+ D$&$ ') $ *$&$ %",,e%&e* !" &he !')& &'#e. The 'n!"#$&'"n ') %",,e%&e* *'e%&,+ !"# &he )"u%e (+ #e$n) "! !'e,* )&u*+. P'#$+ D$&$ $e "''n$, $n* $e ,'e $ #$&e'$,). I& ') &he %u*e)& !"# "! 'n!"#$&'"n. The 'n4e)&'$&" h'#)e,! %",,e%&) p'#$+ *$&$ " )upe4')e) '&) %",,e%&'"n. I& #$+ (e %",,e%&e* "n $ )$#p,e " %en)u) ($)') " !"# %$)e )&u*'e). C
Se!on#/ D%
A%%"*'n &" ;. ;. <,$' Se%"n*$+ *$&$ Q$e &h")e $,e$*+ 'n e')&en%e $n* h'%h h$4e (een %",,e%&e* !" )"#e "&he pup")e. Se%"n*$+ D$&$ #$+ (e $()&$ $()&$%&e %&e* * !"# !"# e')&' e')&'n n e%" e%"*) *) $n* pu( pu(,') ,')he* he* )"u )"u%e %e). ). The *$&$ *$&$ h'%h h'%h h$4e h$4e $,e$*+ (een %",,e%&e* $n* p"%e))e* (+ )"#e pe)"n) " $en%+ $n* $e n"& u)e* !" &he !')& &'#e $e &e#e* $) )e%"n*$+ *$&$. In )'#p,e '& e!e) &" 'n!"#$&'"n $&hee* !"# )"u%e) &h$& $e $,e$*+ 'n e')&en%e. Hee '& e!e) &" C"#p$n+:) $nnu$, ep"& C"#p$n+:) e()'&e ;$nu$, E')&'n e%"*) Th') )&u*+ ') ($)e* "n )e%"n*$+ *$&$. The *e&$',) e$*'n &he %"#p$n+ ,'e %"#p$n %"#p$n+ + p"!', p"!',ee $n* !'n$n% !'n$n%'$, '$, *$&$ *$&$ $) )"u )"u%e %e* * !"# !"# %"#p$n %"#p$n+: +:)) e()'& e()'&ee $n* !'n$n%'$, e%"*). Ins%#u$en%s Use
F'n$n%'$, T"",) R$&'" An$,+)') C"#p$$&'4e <$,$n%e Shee& C"##"n-S'/e <$,$n%e Shee& S&$&')&'%$, &"",)7 Ten* $n$,+)')
TOOLS USED IN FINANCIAL FI NANCIAL STATEMENT STATEMENT ANALYSIS ANALYSIS 1. RATIO RATIO ANAL ANALYSI YSIS S
C+
R$&'" $n$,+)') ') $ '*e,+ u)e* &"", !" !'n$n%'$, $n$,+)'). I& %$n (e u)e* &" %"#p$e &he ') $n* e&un e,$&'"n)h'p) "! !'#) "! *'!!een& )'/e). I& %$n (e *e!'ne* $) &he )+)&e#$&'% u)e "! $&'" &" 'n&epe& &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) )" &h$& &he )&en&h) $n* e$ne))e) "! $ !'# $) e,, $) '&) h')&"'%$, pe!"#$n%e $n* %uen& !'n$n%'$, %"n*'&'"n %$n (e *e&e#'ne*. Moes of R%ios use fo# nl/sis 1. Cu##en% R%io
The $&'" "! %uen& $))e&) &" %uen& ,'$(','&'e) ') %$,,e* %uen& $&'". I& #e$)ue) $ %"#p$n+:) $(','&+ &" ep$+ )h"&-&e# ,'$(','&'e). A $&'" "! *1 ') u)u$,,+ %"n)'*ee* &he (en%h#$ h"e4e &h') #$+ 4$+ $%")) 'n*u)&'e).
Cu##en% sse%s Cu##en% #%io Cu##en% li,ili%ies . Li-ui R%io
Th') $&'" ') $,)" %$,,e* $) QA%'* &e)& " u'% $&'". I& e!e) &" &he $))e&) h'%h $e u'%,+ %"n4e&'(,e 'n&" %$)h. The h'he &he 4$,ue &he ,"e &he ,e4e, "! ') (e%$u)e &he %"#p$n+ h$) #"e %,$'#) &" '##e*'$&e ,'u'*'&+ &h$n &he 'n*u)&+ n"#.
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;.De,%5E-ui%/ R%io (DE)
I& ') $,)" %$,,e* $) e&en$,-'n&en$, eu'&+ $&'". I& p"4'*e) $n 'n*'%$&'"n "! $ %"#p$n+:) %$p'&$, )&u%&ue $n* he&he &he %"#p$n+ ') #"e e,'$n& "n (""'n) =*e(&> " )h$eh",*e %$p'&$, =eu'&+> &" !un* $))e&) $n* $%&'4'&'e).
To%l lon+5%e#$ e,% DE #%io S#eole#s Funs
8.Re%u#n on S#eole#s Funs (ROS)
I& ') &he $&'" "! ne& p"!'& &" )h$eh",*e:) 'n4e)&#en&. I& ') &he e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een ne& p"!'& $n* )h$eh",*e:) !un*. Th') $&'" *e&e#'ne) &he p"!'&$(','&+ !"# &he )h$eh",*e:) p"'n& "! 4'e7
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9. Re%u#n on To%l Asse%s (ROA)
Hee &he p"!'&$(','&+ $&'" ') #e$)ue* 'n &e#) "! e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een ne& p"!'&) $n* $))e&). The ROA #$+ (e %$,,e* $) p"!'& $))e& $&'". Ne% "#ofi% f%e# % ROA
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. E#nin+s "e# s#e (EPS)
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<. P#o"#ie%#/ R%io (PR)
I& ') &he e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een &he )h$eh",*e:) !un*) $n* &"&$, &$n'(,e $))e&) ="> &"&$, $))e&) e%,u*'n 'n&$n'(,e $))e& $n* ""*',,. P"p'e&$+ $&'" 'n*'%$&e) &he e&en& &" h'%h $))e&) $e !'n$n%e* (+ "ne:) !un*. S#eole#s funs PR To%l Asse%s
:. Fie sse%s #%io
The "(3e%&'4e "! %$,%u,$&'n &h') $&'" ') &" $)%e&$'n &he p"p"&'"n "! ,"n-&e# !un*) 'n4e)&e* 'n !'e* $))e&). Fie sse%s FAR Lon+5%e#$ funs
>. O&e#ll sol&en!/ %o%l e,% #%io
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O&e#ll Sol&en!/
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?")) p"!'& $&'" ') $,)" %$,,e* $) ")) #$'n. I& ') %$,%u,$&e* (+ *'4'*'n ")) p"!'& (+ )$,e). The ")) #$'n epe)en&) &he ,'#'& (e+"n* h'%h !$,, 'n )$,e) p'%e) $e "u&)'*e &he &",e$n%e ,'#'&. 7#oss "#ofi% 7#oss "#ofi% $#+in
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1. Re%u#n on e-ui%/*
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=1 S#eole#s E-ui%/
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Wo#'in+ !"i%l
COMPARATI?E @ALANCE SHEETS
A%%"*'n &" Ful'eQ5
C-
C"#p$$&'4e <$,$n%e Shee& $n$,+)') ') &he )&u*+ "! &he &en* "! &he )$#e '&e#) "up "! '&e#) $n* %"#pu&e* '&e#) 'n &" " #"e ($,$n%e )hee&) "! )$#e (u)'ne)) en&ep')e) "n *'!!een& *$&e). ADVANTA?ES I& )h") &he e&en& &" h'%h &hee ') 'n%e$)e " *e%e$)e 'n $))e&) $n* ,'$(','&'e) (e&een &" ($,$n%e )hee& *$&e). I& he,p) 'n )&u*+'n &he &en*) 'n (u)'ne)) !'#). I& )h") &he e!!e%& "! (u)'ne)) "pe$&'"n "n '&) $))e&) ,'$(','&'e) $n* %$p'&$,. COMMON SIE @ALANCE SHEET
A %"##"n-)'/e !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& ') )'#p,+ "ne &h$& ') %e$&e* &" *')p,$+ ,'ne '&e#) "n $ )&$&e#en& $) $ pe%en&$e "! "ne )e,e%&e* " %"##"n !'ue. Ce$&'n %"##"n-)'/e !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) #$e) '& e$)'e &" $n$,+/e $ %"#p$n+ "4e &'#e $n* %"#p$e '& '&h pee). U)'n %"##"n-)'/e !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) he,p) 'n4e)&":) )p"& &en*) &h$& $ $ !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& #$+ n"& un%"4e. In &h') &he &"&$, $))e&) " ,'$(','&'e) $e &$en $) 100 $n* $,, !'ue) $e epe))e* $) pe%en&$e "! &he &"&$,.
STATISTICAL TOOLS* TREND ANALYSIS*
Ten* $n$,+)') ') "ne "! &he &"",) !" &he $n$,+)') "! &he %"#p$n+:) #"ne&$+ )&$&e#en&) !" &he 'n4e)&#en& pup")e). In4e)&") u)e &h') $n$,+)') &"", $ ,"& 'n
D'
"*e &" *e&e#'ne &he !'n$n%'$, p")'&'"n "! &he (u)'ne)). In $ &en* $n$,+)') &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) "! &he %"#p$n+ $e %"#p$e* '&h e$%h "&he !" &he )e4e$, +e$) $!&e %"n4e&'n &he# 'n &he pe%en&$e. . LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The )&u*+ h$) "n,+ #$*e $ hu#(,e $&&e#p& $& e4$,u$&'n !'n$n%'$,
pe!"#$n%e $n* *"e) n"& $n* %$nn"& %,$'# $) &he pe!e%& )&u*+. The *$&$ u)e* !" %$,%u,$&'"n ') h')&"'%$, *$&$ $n* #$+ h$4e )"#e
$*3u)&#en&) #$*e. T'#e %"n)&$'n& E$%& 4$,ue "! ?")) P"!'& %"u,* n"& (e "(&$'ne*.
CHAPTERIII D)
;.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The !'n$n%'$, pe!"#e* "! $ !'# %$n (e e4$,u$&e* (+ %"n)&u%&'n $&'" !" &he 4$'"u) '&e#) $ppe$'n 'n &he !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&. A $&'" ') $ )'#p,e $&'!'%'$, epe))'"n "! &he e,$&'"n)h'p (e&een &" #$&he#$&'%$, 4$'$(,e). R$&'" $n$,+)') ') $ &e%hn'ue "! $n$,+)') $n* 'n&epe&$&'"n "! !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en& (+ e)&$(,')h'n $n* 'n&epe&'n 4$'"u) $&'") u)e!u, !" *e%')'"n #$'n. In &h') %h$p&e I h$4e $pp,'e* 4$'"u) $&'") !" $n$,+/'n !'n$n%'$, p")'&'"n "! &he %"#p$n+. The e)u,& $n* 'n&epe&$&'"n $e '4en (e,"7
RATIO ANALYSIS CURRENT RATIO* T,le ;.1.1 so4in+ !o$"u%%ion of !u##en% #%io
D
YEAR
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
CURRENT
CURRENT
ASSETS
LIA@ILITIES
(L's)
(L's)
6.5 1B.10 12662.10 12.50 18806.BB
280.6 6020.80 BB2B.80 808.68 1022.0B
CURRENT RATIO
1.11 1.28 1.2 1.1 1.82
C#% ;.1.1.1 so4in+ !u##en% #%io
Infe#en!e
Cuen& $&'" ') &he #e$)ue "! ,'u'*'&+ %$,%u,$&e* (+ *'4'*'n %uen& $))e& (+ &he %uen& ,'$(','&'e). The '*e$, %uen& $&'" ') 2 *1. In &he !'n$n%'$, +e$ 2011-12 &he %uen& $&'" $) 1.11 *1 $n* '& $) 'n%e$)e* &" 1.2871 'n ,$&e +e$) 2012-1. The D+
%uen& $&'" h$) $ %"n)&$n& $')e 'n &he !'n$n%'$, +e$ 201-1 $n* 201-15 $) 1.171 $n* 1.8271 e)pe%&'4e,+.
LIBUID RATIO BUIC RATIO ACID TEST RATIO* T,le ;.1 3 sho0ing computaon o >iquid Rao LIBUID
CURRENT
YEAR
ASSET
LIA@ILITIES
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
(L's) 00.5 601.21 B10.85 21B.B B5.05
(L's) 280.6 6020.80 BB2B.80 808.68 1022.0B
C#% ;.1..1 so4in+ li-ui #%io
DC
LIBUID RATIO
1.0 1.26 0.B 0.2B 0.
INFERENCE*
G'u'* $&'" ') $ #e$)ue "! ,'u'*'&+ %$,%u,$&e* *'4'*'n %uen& $))e&) #'nu) 'n4en&"+ $n* pep$'* epen)e) (+ %uen& ,'$(','&'e). A ,'u'* $&'" "! 1 *1 ') %"n)'*ee* $) '*e$, $&'". A u'% $&'" h'he &h$n 171 'n*'%$&e) &h$& &he (u)'ne)) %$n #ee& '&) "(,'$&'"n '&h $4$',$(,e u'% !un*) 'n h$n* =2012 &" 2016> hee$) $ $&'" ,e)) &h$n 171 'n*'%$&e) &h$& &he %"#p$n+ e,'e) #"e "n 'n4en&"+ " "&he $))e&) &" p$+ &he "(,'$&'"n).
DD
DE@T EBUITY RATIO* T,le ;.1.; so4in+ !o$"u%%ion of De,%5E-ui%/ #%io
YEAR
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
TOTAL LON7 TERM DE@T (L's) 205.6B 2688.52 52.B6 8.2 101.56
SHAREHOLDER FUND (L's)
DE@T EBUITY RATIO
26B5.11 81.1 51BB.5B 021. 880.26
0.6 0.01 0.101 0.068 0.115
C#% ;.1.;.1 so4in+ De,% e-ui%/ #%io
D*
INFERENCE*
De(&-Eu'&+ $&'" #e$)ue) &he $&'" "! ,"n &e# " &"&$, *e(& &" )h$eh",*e:) eu'&+. In &he +e$ 2011-12 &he $&'" $) 0.671 h'%h 'n*'%$&e) ," #$'n "! )$!e&+ &" %e*'&") hee$) 'n &he +e$ 201-15 &he $&'" (e%$#e 0.06871 h'%h 'n*'%$&e) h'h #$'n "! )$!e&+ &" %e*'&").
PROPRIETARY RATIO* D,
T,le ;.1 3C sho0ing computaon o Proprietary Rao
YEAR
SHAREHOLDER FUND (L's)
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
26B5.11 81.1 51BB.5B 021. 880.26
TOTAL ASSETS (L's) 152.5 185B.8 26.5 15.2 1280.
PROPRIETARY RATIO
0.6B 2.060 2.10 .56 6.855
C#% ;.1.8.1 so4in+ P#o"#ie%#/ #%io
INFERENCE*
The P"p'e&$+ $&'" 'n*'%$&e) &he e&en& &" h'%h $))e&) $e !'n$n%e* (+ "ne:) !un*. I& ') "()e4e* &h$& &he %$,%u,$&e* p"p'e&$+ $&'" "! &he %"#p$n+ In 2012-2016 &he $&'" $) 0.6B $n* 6.855 h'%h 'n*'%$&e) &hee ') $ ,e)) *epen*en%e "n *e(& !" '&) "pe$&'"n).
D
O?ERALL SOL?ENCY RATIODE@T TO ASSET RATIO* T,le ;.1.9 sho0ing computaon o
YEAR
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
TOTAL DE@T (L's) 60B. 15B.8 281.81 8.2 1581.8
TOTAL ASSETS (L's) 152.5 185B.8 26.5 15.2 1280.
O?ERALL SOL?ENCY RATIO 0.16 0.8 0.B65 0.15 1.2
C#% ;.1.9.1 so4in+ O&e#ll Sol&en!/ R%io
INFERENCE*
O4e$,, )",4en%+ $&'" ') $ $&'" h'%h e,$&e) &he &"&$, &$n'(,e $))e&) '&h &he &"&$, (""e* !un*). The "4e$,, )",4en%+ $&'" h$) (een 'n%e$)'n !"# D-
2011-12 &" 201-1. A h'he $&'" 'n*'%$&e) e$&e ') $n* ,"e )$!e&+ &" &he "ne). In 201-15 &he $&'" ') 0.15 h'%h 'n*'%$&e) ," ') $n* h'he )$!e&+ &" &he "ne). EARNIN7S PER SHARE* T,le ;.1. so4in+ !o$"u%%ion of EPS
YEAR
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
NET PROFIT AFTER TA (L's) 856. 11.BB 1B.8 18.B 10.B
WEI7HTED EARNIN7S A?ERA7E NO. PER OF EBUITY SHARE SHARE 1.55 0.65 1B15.0 0.5BB 25BB.B 0.51 510.66 0.522 B0.1 0.0
C#% ;.1..1 so4in+ EPS
*'
INFERENCE*
EPS e!,e%& up"n &he %$p$%'&+ "! &he %"n%en &" p$+ &he *'4'*en* &" '&) eu'&+ )h$eh",*e). The EPS $) h'he 'n &he +e$ 2012-1 $n* )&$&e* *e%,'n'n up&" &he +e$ 2015-16 ') 0.0. In &he +e$ 2015-16 &he $&'" ') &"" ,e)) "! 0.0 h'%h 'n*'%$&e) &he %"#p$n+ $) n"& 'n $ p")'&'"n &" p$+ *'4'*en* &" '&) )h$eh",*e)
.
*)
7ROSS PROFIT RATIO* T,le ;.1.< so4in+ !o$"u%%ion of 7#oss P#ofi% R%io GRSS
;$AR
NET SA+ES
PRFIT
/+akhs0
/+akhs0
GRSS PRFIT RATI
')))
),)3-D
))C'3,,
))3)D
'))+
)*)-3+
)'D3'-
)+3C+
')+)C
)-D*3+-
)DC+3),
)3*,
')C)D
,-C3C
-,D3'
-3*C
')D)*
,C+3*
,+3+'
-3D+
C#% ;.1.<.1 so4in+ 7#oss "#ofi% #%io
*
INFERENCE*
?")) p"!'& $&'" #e$)ue) &he pe%en&$e "! e$%h )$,e) upee e#$'n'n $!&e &he !'# h$) p$'* !" '&) ""*). The $&'" h$) )h"e* $n *e%e$)e* $&e !"# 2012-1 &" 2015-16 =1. &" B.5> h'%h '#p,'e) &h$& &he %"#p$n+ h$) ,e)) e4enue !"# "pe$&'"n.
NET PROFIT RATIO* T,le ;.1.: so4in+ !o$"u%%ion of Ne% P#ofi% R%io
YEAR
NET PROFIT =G$h)>
NET SAGES =G$h)>
NET PROFIT RATIO
2011-12
856.
1102.
.51
2012-1
11.BB
12052.0B
B.52
201-1
1B.8
158.1
8.B
201-15
18.B
28B5.20
6.
2015-16
10.B
288.0
6.15
Char" '.%.1.% sho2in3 Ne" Pro4" Ra5o *+
INFERENCE*
Ne& p"!'& $&'" ') $ #e$)ue "! #$n$e#en&:) e!!'%'en%+ 'n "pe$&'n &he (u)'ne)) )u%%e))!u,,+ !"# &he "ne:) p"'n& "! 4'e. In &he +e$ 2012-1 &he ne& p"!'& $&'" $) h'h B.52 h'%h )h") (e&&e e!!'%'en%+ 'n "pe$&'"n) hee$) 'n &he +e$ 201-15 &he $&'" en& *"n &" 6.15 h'%h )h") &he "pp")'&e '#p,'%$&'"n.
RETURN ON TOTAL ASSETS PROFIT5TO5ASSET RATIO* *C
T,le ;.1.> sho0ing computaon o Return on total assets
YEAR
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
NET PROFIT AFTER TA (L's) 856. 11.BB 1B.8 18.B 10.B
TOTAL ASSETS (L's)
RETURN ON TOTAL ASSETS
152.5 185B.8 26.5 15.2 1280.
20.6 61. 55.B 11B. 18.
C#% ;.1.>.1 so4in+ Re%u#n on To%l Asse%s
INFERENCE*
*D
ROA #e$)ue) e!!'%'en%+ "! &he (u)'ne)) 'n u)'n '&) $))e&) &" ene$&e ne& 'n%"#e. H'he 4$,ue "! e&un "n $))e&) )h") &h$& (u)'ne)) ') #"e p"!'&$(,e. In %$)e &he h'he)& e&un "n $))e& $) e%"*e* 'n &he +e$ 2015-16 &h$& ') 18. RETURN ON SHAREHOLDERS FUNDS* T,le ;.1.1 sho0ing computaon o Return on shareholderGs und
YEAR
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
NET PROFIT AFTER TA (L's) 856. 11.BB 1B.8 18.B 10.B
RETURN ON SHARE SHAREHOLDER HOLDERS FUND (L's) FUND
26B5.11 81.1 51BB.5B 021. 880.26
C#% ;.1.1.1 so4in+ Re%u#n on S#eole#s Fun
**
1.B 2B.B6 26.5 26.1 20.16
INFERENCE*
Re&un "n )h$eh",*e:) !un* $&'" *e&e#'ne) he&he &he 'n4e)&#en& 'n &he !'# ') $&&$%&'4e " n"& $) &he 'n4e)&") "u,* ,'e &" 'n4e)& "n,+ hee &he e&un ') h'he. A& pe)en& &he 4$,ue ') "'n 'n *e%e$)e !" &he +e$ 2012-1 $n* '& ') n"& )een $) $&&$%&'4e !" &he 'n4e)&").
RETURN ON EBUITY*
*,
T,le ;.1.11 sho0ing computaon o Return o $quity
YEAR
NET INCOME (L's)
2011-12 2012-1 201-1 201-15 2015-16
161.B 118.00 1B.8 18.B 10.B
SHARE HOLDERS EBUITY (L's) 26B5.11 81.1 51BB.5B 021. 880.26
C#% ;.1.11.1 so4in+ Re%u#n of E-ui%/
INFERENCE*
*
RETURN ON EBUITY
60.55 2B.B6 26.5 26.1 20.1
The e&un "n eu'&+ #e$)ue) &he e&un "n "ne:) !un*. F"# &he +e$ 2011-12 &" 2015-16 &he $&'" h$) *e%e$)e* !"# 60.55 &" 20.1 '& 'n*'%$&e) &h$& &he "ne :) !un* h$) (een u)e* e!!'%'en&,+. WORIN7 CAPITAL TURN O?ER RATIO* T,le ;.1.1 sho0ing computaon o ?or1ing =apital .urno!er rao
YEAR
NET SALES (L's)
2011-12
))C'3,,
A?ERA7E WORIN7 CAPITAL (L's) 21.05
WORIN7 CAPITAL TURNO?ER RATIO .2
2012-1
)'D3'-
8B.5
1.18
201-1
)DC+3),
166.5
11.2B
201-15
-,D3'
2B6.B1
B.6
2015-16
,+3+'
22.5
6.8
C#% ;.1.1.1 so4in+ Wo#'in+ C"i%l %u#no&e# #%io *-
INFERENCE*
In &he +e$ 2011-12 &he h'he)& "'n %$p'&$, &un"4e $&'" .2 h$) (een e%"*e* 'n*'%$&'n &h$& &he "'n %$p'&$, $) u)e* e!!'%'en&,+ h',e 'n &he +e$ 2015-16 &he ,"e)& "'n %$p'&$, &un"4e $&'" 6.8 h$) (een e$%he* 'n*'%$&'n &h$& &he "'n %$p'&$, $) u)e* 'ne!!'%'en&,+. COMPARATI?E @ALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS Table 3.1.13 showing comparative analysis for April 2011 to March 2012
R). 'n ,$h)
P#%i!ul#s
Asse%s F'e* A))e&)
P#e&ious Ye# 11 (Rs)
10.6
Cu##en% Ye# 1 (Rs)
152.5 ,'
In!#ese ()o# De!#ese (5)
A$oun%(Rs )
Pe#!en%+e (6)
2.8B
1B5.02
N"n-Cuen& In4e)&#en& O&he N"nCuen& A))e&) To%l Non Cu##en% Asse%s (A) Cu##en% Asse%s ( @) In4en&"'e) T$*e Re%e'4$(,e) C$)h An* C$)h Eu'4$,en&) O&he Cuen& A))e&) To%l Cu##en% Asse%s (@) To%l Asse%s (A@) Li,ili%ies S#e Hole#s Fun An Rese#&es (A) Non5Cu##en% Li,ili%ies Lon+ &e# (""'n) O&he G"n – Te# G'$(','&'e) Cu##en% Li,ili%ies Sh"& Te# <""'n) T$*e P$+$(,e) O&he Cuen& G'$(','&'e)
00.6
110.16
=1B0.6>
=6.>
1B.20
.B
=1B0.1>
=B8.20>
1B02.2
266
26.58
12.2
5.5
62.B5
2.2
8.1
65.B
260.88
1B65.B
2B0.B5
225.B5
12B5.B
=B0.6>
=2.06>
B88.8
6.1
=52.65>
=5.06>
25.5
6.5
52.
12.5
1;:.1<
>>.89
:>1.:
8<.1
1B05.5
26B5.11
8B.66
1.
-
61.50
-
-
.
16B2.1B
165.2
80.2
B2.8
28.2
68.02 15.05
=.8>
158.50
=2.6> B0.
12.0
862.16
08.11
22.5
,)
Sh"& Te# P"4')'"n To%l E-ui%/ 3 Li,ili%ies
-
11.5
-
-
1;:.1<
>>.89
:>1.:
8<.1
INFERENCE7 F"# &he $("4e &$(,e %"#p$$&'4e )&$&e#en& !" &he +e$ h$) (een !,u%&u$&'n *u'n &he )&u*+ pe'"*. In &he +e$ 2011-2012 %uen& ,'$(','&'e) $) 'n%e$)e* (+ .10 hee $) n"n- %uen& $))e& *e%e$)e* (+ -6. '& %$n (e *e'4e* !"# &h') pe'"* "! %uen& $))e& h$) "& ')en up.
T,le ;.1.18 So4in+ !o$"#%i&e nl/sis fo# A"#il 1 %o M#! 1;
P#%i!ul#s
P#e&ious Ye# 1 (Rs)
Cu##en% Ye# 1; (Rs)
R). 'n ,$h) In!#ese ()o# De!#ese (5)
A$oun%(Rs) Pe#!en%+e (6) Asse%s Fie Asse%s N"n- Cuen& In4e)&#en&) G"n Te# G"$n) @ A*4$n%e) O&he N"n Cuen& A))e&) To%l Non5 Cu##en% Asse%s
152.5
185B.8
=22B2.5>
=55.21>
110.16
5.8
.22
B6.8B
-
2056.0
-
-
.B
5.68
5.1B
1018.1
266
820.B1
55.B1
1.00
,
(A) Cu##en% Asse%s In4en&"'e) T$*e Re%e'4$(,e) C$)h @ <$n <$,$n%e) Sh"& Te# G"$n) @ A*4$n%e) O&he Cuen& A))e&) To%l Cu##en% Asse%s (@) To%l Asse%s (A@) S#eole#s Funs Sh$e C$p'&$, Re)e4e) @ Sup,u) N"n-Cuen& G'$(','&'e) G"n Te# <""'n) O&he G"n – Te# G'$(','&'e) Cu##en% Li,ili%ies Sh"& Te# <""'n) T$*e P$+$(,e) O&he Cuen& G'$(','&'e) Sh"& Te# P"4')'"n) To%l E-ui%/ 3 Li,ili%ies
62.B5 260.88
B.2 261B.2
=28.1> =21.6>
=8.16> =0.81>
12B5.B
B0B.80
=85.6B>
=2B.>
-
-
-
02.16
6.1
B.5
=2.8>
=B1.52>
6.5
1B.B
2B56.
62.06
>>.89
198.<
;911.9
;:.::
100.00
100.00
-
-
25B5.11
1.1
116.
.8
61.50
28.62
=122.88>
=.BB>
16B2.1B
2B.B0
5.1
.
28.2
111.25
106.02
28.2
158.50
81.6
22.1
10.
862.16
15.B2
5.6
11.
11.6
11.B8
0.22
1.8
>>.89
198.<
;911.9
;:.::
,+
INFERENCE7 F"# &he $("4e &$(,e %"#p$$&'4e )&$&e#en& !" &he +e$ h$) (een !,u%&u$&'n *u'n &he )&u*+ pe'"*. In &he +e$ 2012-201 %uen& ,'$(','&'e) $) 'n%e$)e* (+ 8.88 hee $) n"n- %uen& $))e& *e%e$)e* (+ 1 '& %$n (e *e'4e* !"# &h') pe'"* "! %uen& $))e& h$) "& ')en up T,le ;.1.19 So4in+ !o$"#%i&e nl/sis fo# A"#il 1; %o M#! 18
R). 'n ,$h)
P#%i!ul#s
Asse%s Fie Asse%s N"n- Cuen& In4e)&#en&) G"n Te# G"$n) @ A*4$n%e) O&he N"n Cuen& A))e&) To%l Non5 Cu##en% Asse%s (A) Cu##en% Asse%s Cuen& In4e)&#en&) In4en&"'e) T$*e Re%e'4$(,e) C$)h @ <$n
P#e&ious Ye# 1; (Rs)
Cu##en% Ye# 18 (Rs)
In!#ese ()o# De!#ese (5)
A$oun%(Rs)
Pe#!en%+e (6)
185B.8
26.5
60.B
2.68
5.8
52.B6
=2.2>
=.28>
2056.0
-
-
-
5.68
.1
=5.B>
=B8.B6>
820.B1
2BB5.2
=1825.6>
=.86>
-
-
B.2 261B.2 B0B.80
58.8 52.6 BB.2
=20.6> 8. =510.16>
=25.82> 1.81 =56.0>
,C
<$,$n%e) Sh"& Te# G"$n) @ A*4$n%e) O&he Cuen& A))e&) To%l Cu##en% Asse%s (@) To%l Asse%s (A@) S#eole#s Funs Sh$e C$p'&$, Re)e4e) @ Sup,u) N"n-Cuen& G'$(','&'e) G"n Te# <""'n) O&he G"n – Te# G'$(','&'e) Cu##en% Li,ili%ies Sh"& Te# <""'n) T$*e P$+$(,e) O%e# Cu##en% Li,ili%ies Sh"& Te# P"4')'"n) To%l E-ui%/ 3 Li,ili%ies
02.16
658.0
25.88
60.80
B.5
220.20
216.85
5B8.B8
1B.B
12662.08
B2.2B
6.02
198.<
199<.;
;11.
8.:9
100.00
100
-
-
1.1
50BB.5B
168.18
6.66
28.62
52.B6
28B.
121.25
2B.B0
-
-
-
111.25
185.8
52.5B
1.
81.6
620.B1
2B.28
62.6B
15.B2
2.02
126.1
2.
11.B8
1.00
1.02
8.51
198.<
199<.;
;11.
8.:9
INFERENCE7 ,D
F"# &he $("4e &$(,e %"#p$$&'4e )&$&e#en& !" &he +e$ h$) (een !,u%&u$&'n *u'n &he )&u*+ pe'"*. In &he +e$ 201-201 %uen& ,'$(','&'e) $) *e%e$)e* (+ 2.85 hee $) n"n- %uen& $))e& 'n%e$)e* (+ 2.68 '& %$n (e *e'4e* !"# &h') pe'"* "! %uen& $))e& h$) "& ')en up. . T,le ;.1.1 so4in+ !o$"#%i&e nl/sis fo# A"#il 18 %o M#! 19
P#%i!ul#s
P#e&ious Cu##en% Ye# Ye# 18 (Rs) 19 (Rs)
R). 'n ,$h) In!#ese ()o# De!#ese (5)
A$oun%(Rs
Pe#!en%+e (6)
) Asse%s F'e* A))e&) N"n- Cuen& In4e)&#en&) O&he N"n Cuen& A))e&) To%l Non5Cu##en% Asse%s (A) Cu##en% Asse%s In4en&"'e) T$*e Re%e'4$(,e) C$)h @ <$n <$,$n%e) Sh"& Te# G"$n) @ A*4$n%e) O&he Cuen& A))e&) To%l Cu##en% Asse%s(@) To%l Asse%s (A@) S#eole#s Funs
26.5
152.B
=B2.6>
=.>
52.B6
1B.
=50.52>
=B6.28>
.1
.
.66
B8.65
2BB5.2
156B.5
125.B
.68
58.8 52.6 BB.2
5. 2068.00 25.6
16.B6 =18.6> =12.8>
28.85 =0.10> =0.B8>
658.0
6.6
=210.>
=.21>
220.20
58.8
28.28
1B.06
12662.08
12.8
1582.
12.B
199<.;
19:18.8
19.>
1.
,*
Sh$e C$p'&$, Re)e4e) @ Sup,u) Non5Cu##en% Li,ili%ies G"n Te# <""'n) Cu##en% Li,ili%ies Sh"& Te# <""'n) T$*e P$+$(,e) O&he Cuen& G'$(','&'e) Sh"& Te# P"4')'"n) To%l E-ui%/ 3 Li,ili%ies
100 50BB.5B
100 6B21.
1821.
5.2
52.B6
8.2
=.2>
=8.28>
185.8 620.B1 2.02 1.00
B12. 181.22 215.01
2B1.5 =260.8> 202.01
6.B5 =5.05> 155.B2
199<.;
19:18.8
19.>
1.
INFERENCE7 F"# &he $("4e &$(,e %"#p$$&'4e )&$&e#en& !" &he +e$ h$) (een !,u%&u$&'n *u'n &he )&u*+ pe'"*. In &he +e$ 201-2015 %uen& ,'$(','&'e) $) 'n%e$)e* (+ 1.00 hee $) n"n- %uen& $))e& *e%e$)e* (+ =-.> '& %$n (e *e'4e* !"# &h') pe'"* "! %uen& ,'$(','&'e) h$) "& ')en up. .T,le ;.1.1< so4in+ !o$"#%i&e nl/sis fo# A"#il 19 %o M#! 1
P#%i!ul#s
P#e&ious Cu##en% Ye# Ye# 19 (Rs) 1 (Rs)
R). 'n ,$h) In!#ese ()o# De!#ese (5)
A$oun%(Rs
Pe#!en%+e (6)
) Asse%s F'e* A))e&) N"n- Cuen& In4e)&#en&) G"n Te# G"$n) @ A*4$n%e)
152.B
12B5.21
=2.>
=16.05>
1B.
2.B0
=16.5>
=85.08>
,,
O&he N"n Cuen& A))e&) To%l Non5Cu##en% Asse%s (A) Cu##en% Asse%s Cuen& In4e)&#en&) In4en&"'e) T$*e Re%e'4$(,e) C$)h @ <$n <$,$n%e) Sh"& Te# G"$n) @ A*4$n%e) O&he Cuen& A))e&) To%l Cu##en% Asse%s(@) To%l Asse%s (A@) S#eole#s Funs Sh$e C$p'&$, Re)e4e) @ Sup,u) Non5Cu##en% Li,ili%ies G"n Te# <""'n) Cu##en% Li,ili%ies Sh"& Te# <""'n) T$*e P$+$(,e) O&he Cuen& G'$(','&'e) Sh"& Te# P"4')'"n) To%l E-ui%/ 3 Li,ili%ies
.
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INFERENCE7 F"# &he $("4e &$(,e %"#p$$&'4e )&$&e#en& !" &he +e$ h$) (een !,u%&u$&'n *u'n &he )&u*+ pe'"*. In &he +e$ 2015-2016 %uen& ,'$(','&'e) $) 'n%e$)e* (+
,
2.20 hee $) n"n- %uen& $))e& *e%e$)e* (+ =-16.61> '& %$n (e *e'4e* !"# &h') pe'"* "! %uen& ,'$(','&'e) h$) "& ')en up. Co$$on si0e s%%e$en%* T,le ;3)3) common siHe statement or year ')8')+8')C8')D I ')* PARTICULAR
1
1;
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19
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.02
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C$)h @ <$n <$,$n%e
1.5
.25
2.55
1.
.B
-
8.8
1.82
2.1
1.1
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0.1
1.0
2.6
52.6
T"&$, Cuen& A))e&) =A>
52.6
.B
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5.BB
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.22
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16
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To%l Asse%s(A@C) Li,ili%ies
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Cu##en% Li,ili%ies
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Eu'&+ Sh$e C$p'&$,
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.21
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.5B
C"i%l 3 Rese#&es*
,-
Funs(@) To%l Li,ili%ies 3 C"i%l (A@)
16
16
16
16
16
INFERENCE*
In &he &$(,e "! C"##"n S'/e <$,$n%e Shee& "! 2012-2016 Cuen& A))e&) h$* "n &" B.8 "u& "! &"&$, $))e&) $n* ,"$n !un*) h$4e (een *e%e$)e* &" .86 "u& "! &"&$, ,'$(','&'e) hen %"#p$e* '&h &he pe%e*'n +e$). In &he +e$ 2012 &" 2015 Re)e4e) @ Sup,u) h$) (een 'n%e$)e* 28. &" .15
TREND PROECTION LEAST SBUARE METHOD*
The ,e$)& )u$e #e&h"* ') ($)e* "n &he $))u#p&'"n &h$& &he p$)& $&e "! %h$ne "! &he 4$'$(,e un*e )&u*+ ',, %"n&'nue 'n &he !u&ue. I& ') $ #$&he#$&'%$, p"%e*ue !" !'&&'n $ ,'ne &" $ )e& "! "()e4e* *$&$ p"'n&) 'n )u%h $ #$nne &h$& &he )u# "! &he )u$e* *'!!een%e) (e&een &he %$,%u,$&e* $n* "()e4e* 4$,ue ') #'n'#'/e*. '
Th') &e%hn'ue ') u)e* &" !'n* $ &en* ,'ne h'%h (e)& !'& &he $4$',$(,e *$&$. Th') &en* ') &hen u)e* &" p"3e%& *epen*en& 4$'$(,e 'n &he !u&ue. Th') #e&h"* ') 4e+ p"pu,$ (e%$u)e '& ') )'#p,e $n* 'nepen)'4e. The &$(,e 4$,ue) $e "(&$'ne* $) !",,")
F')& &" %",u#n) $) +e$ => $n* u$n&'&+ *e#$n* pe +e$ =Y> $e n"&e*
#$nu$,,+. In &he &h'* %",u#n &he *e4'$&'"n "! ') "(&$'ne* (+ &he *'!!een%e (e&een &he
%en&e 4$,ue $n* &he "&he e)pe%&'4e '4en 4$,ue). In !"u&h %",u#n &he 4$,ue "! )u$e = 2> ') "(&$'ne* (+ )u$'n &he &h'* %",u#n
4$,ue) h'%h $e pe4'"u),+ *e&e#'ne*. In &he !'!&h %",u#n &he 4$,ue ') "(&$'ne* (+ #u,&'p,+'n &he u$n&'&+ *e#$n* pe
+e$ =Y> $n* )u$e= 2>. An* 'n )'&h %",u#n Y$( eu$&'"n 4$,ue) $e "(&$'ne* (+ %$,%u,$&'"n).
PROCEDURE
S%e"1*
F'n* &he 4$,ue) "! $ $n* ( u)'n !"#u,$ $) !",,") $ Yn ( Y2
S%e" * )
F'n* &he 4$,ue "! Y !"# &he eu$&'"n Y$( (+ )u()&'&u&'n &he 4$,ue) "! $ ( .
S%e" ;*
In &h') )&ep &he Epe%&e* 4$,ue !" &he up%"#'n +e$ ='.e 'n "u %$)e 201 2018 $n* 201B> ') !'e* 'n "*e '.e -1 -2 0 1 2 5.
S%e" 8*
C$,%u,$&e &he e)&'#$&e* 4$,ue !" up%"#'n +e$) $e *e&e#'ne* u)'n &he eu$&'"n Y$( (+ )u()&'&u&'"n "! e)pe%&'4e 4$,ue) "! $ ( .
TREND PROECTIONS FOR 7ROSS SALES FOR THE YEARS 1<2 1:2 1> YEAR
7ROSS
DE?IATI
()
SALES (Y)
ON OF
Y
?ALUES Y, (in L's)
(in L's)
2012 201
1158.25 122B1.0
TREND
-2
-1
1
-206.5 -122B1.08
B18.82 B126
8 158.61
201 2015 2016 201 2018 201B n9
0 1
2B160.8 2B12.0
2
Y,)*,)3C
0 1
0
.55 1.28
2B160.8 1B52.01 5828 2B. 2BB5. 5165.08 02.8 1 YD',,
3D
Forecasted !alue
YEAR
201
?ROSS SAGES
2BB5.
2018
201B
5165.08
02.8
=In G$h)> INFERENCE* F"# $("4e e)&'#$&e* 4$,ue "! ?")) )$,e) ') *e&e#'ne* !" ne& +e$). E)&'#$&e* 4$,ue "! ?")) )$,e) !" &he +e$ 201 2018 $n* 201B $e *e&e#'ne* $) --D,3C, R) ='n G$h)> +D)*D3' R) ='n ,$h)> @ C'+,3, R). ='n G$h)>.
TREND PROECTIONS FOR 7ROSS PROFIT FOR THE YEARS 1<2 1:2 1> YEAR ()
7ROSS
DE?IATION
PROFIT (Y)
OF
Y
?ALUES Y, (in L's)
(in L's)
2012
121.B5
TREND
-2
+
-25.B
1255.22
201 201 2015 2016 201 2018 201B n9
161B.2 1B56.B 2B.2 2.68
-1 0 1 2
Y1;<.8>
1 0 1
-161B.2 0 2B.2 56B.6
1665.26 205. 285. 28B5.8 05.2 16.B 125.5
1 Y81.8<
Fo#e!s%e &lue Ye#
1<
1:
1>
7#oss "#ofi%
;;9.8
;<1.>
819.9
INFERENCE*
F"# $("4e e)&'#$&e* 4$,ue "! ?")) P"!'& ') *e&e#'ne* !" ne& +e$). E)&'#$&e* 4$,ue "! ?")) P"!'& !" &he +e$ 201 2018 $n* 201B $e *e&e#'ne* $) 05.2 R) ='n G$h)> 16.B R) ='n ,$h)> @ 125.5 R). ='n G$h)>. TREND PROECTIONS FOR NET PROFIT FOR THE YEARS 1<2 1:2 1> YEAR
NET
DE?IATION OF
2012
PROFIT (in L's) 856.
-2
C
Y
TREND
-11.5
?ALUES (in L's) 8B5.0
201
11.BB
-1
1
-11.BB
116.55
201
1B.8
0
0
0
1B8.0
2015
18.B
1
1
18.B
16B.5B
2016
10.B
2
51.B
1B01.11
201 201 201B n9
2152.6 20.15 2655.6 Y>>.;>
1
Y919.
Fo#e!s%e &lue
Ye$
201
2018
201B
Ne& p"!'&
2152.6
20.15
2655.6
INFERENCE* F"# $("4e e)&'#$&e* 4$,ue "! Ne& P"!'& ') *e&e#'ne* !" ne& +e$). E)&'#$&e* 4$,ue "! Ne& P"!'& !" &he +e$ 201 2018 $n* 201B $e *e&e#'ne* $) 2152.6 R) ='n G$h)>20.15 R) ='n ,$h)> @2655.6 R). ='n G$h)>.
D
CHAPTER I?
*
8.1 SUMMARY OF FINDIN7S
Cuen& $&'" !" &he pe'"* "! )&u*+ ') ,e)) &h$n '*e$, p"'n& "! 271 $n* e4e+ +e$ %uen& $&'" ') ,e)) &h$n 1 h'%h #e$n) &h$& '&) $))e&) $e ,e)) &h$n '&)
,'$(','&'e). G'u'* u'% $&'" !" &he )&u*+ pe'"* "! 201-1 &" 2015-16 ') ,e)) &h$n 1
'n e4e+ +e$ h'%h ,e$*) &" ,$+ ,'u'*$&'"n "! $n* '&) $))e&). The ?")) p"!'& ') 'n%e$)'n 'n &he +e$ "! 2012-1 $n* &he ,$&e +e$) &he
$&'" $ne &" (e *e%e$)e* up&" 2016 De(&-Eu'&+ $&'" #e$)ue) &he $&'" "! ,"n &e# " &"&$, *e(& &" )h$eh",*e:) eu'&+. In &he +e$
2011-12 &he $&'" $) 0.671 h'%h
'n*'%$&e) ," #$'n "! )$!e&+ &" %e*'&") hee$) 'n &he +e$ 201-15 &he $&'" (e%$#e 0.06871 h'%h 'n*'%$&e) h'h #$'n "! )$!e&+ &" %e*'&"). Ne& p"!'& $&'" ') $ #e$)ue "! #$n$e#en&:) e!!'%'en%+ 'n "pe$&'n &he (u)'ne)) )u%%e))!u,,+ !"# &he "ne:) p"'n& "! 4'e. In &he +e$ 2012-1 &he ne& p"!'& $&'" $) h'h B.52 h'%h )h") (e&&e e!!'%'en%+ 'n "pe$&'"n) hee$) 'n &he +e$ 201-15 &he $&'" en& *"n &" 6.15 h'%h )h") &he "pp")'&e '#p,'%$&'"n.
The P"p'e&$+ $&'" 'n*'%$&e) &he e&en& &" h'%h $))e&) $e !'n$n%e* (+ "ne:) !un*. I& ') "()e4e* &h$& &he %$,%u,$&e* p"p'e&$+ $&'" "! &he %"#p$n+ In 2012-2016 &he $&'" $) 0.6B $n* 6.855 h'%h 'n*'%$&e) &hee ') $ ,e)) *epen*en%e "n *e(& !" '&) "pe$&'"n).
,
The "4e$,, )",4en%+ $&'" h$) (een 'n%e$)'n !"# 2011-12 &" 201-1. A h'he $&'" 'n*'%$&e) e$&e ') $n* ,"e )$!e&+ &" &he "ne). In 201-15 &he $&'" ') 0.15 h'%h 'n*'%$&e) ," ') $n* h'he )$!e&+ &" &he "ne).
Re&un "n )h$eh",*e:) !un* $&'" *e&e#'ne) he&he &he 'n4e)&#en& 'n &he !'# ') $&&$%&'4e " n"& $) &he 'n4e)&") "u,* ,'e &" 'n4e)& "n,+ hee &he e&un ') h'he. A& pe)en& &he 4$,ue ') "'n 'n *e%e$)e !" &he +e$ 20121 $n* '& ') n"& )een $) $&&$%&'4e !" &he 'n4e)&").
The e&un "n eu'&+ #e$)ue) &he e&un "n "ne:) !un*. F"# &he +e$ 2011-12 &" 2015-16 &he $&'" h$) *e%e$)e* !"# 60.55 &" 20.1 '& 'n*'%$&e) &h$& &he "ne:) !un* h$) (een u)e* e!!'%'en&,+.
In &he +e$ 2011-12 &he h'he)& "'n %$p'&$, &un"4e $&'" .2 h$) (een e%"*e* 'n*'%$&'n &h$& &he "'n %$p'&$, $) u)e* e!!'%'en&,+ h',e 'n &he +e$ 2015-16 &he ,"e)& "'n %$p'&$, &un"4e $&'" 6.8 h$) (een e$%he* 'n*'%$&'n &h$& &he "'n %$p'&$, $) u)e* 'ne!!'%'en&,+.
C"##"n S'/e <$,$n%e Shee& "! 2012-2016 Cuen& A))e&) h$* "n &" B.8 "u& "! &"&$, $))e&) $n* ,"$n !un*) h$4e (een *e%e$)e* &" .86 "u& "! &"&$, ,'$(','&'e) hen %"#p$e* '&h &he pe%e*'n +e$). In &he +e$ 2012 &" 2015 Re)e4e) @ Sup,u) h$) (een 'n%e$)e* 28. &" .15
Ten* $n$,+)') )h") &he !"e%$)&e* $#"un& "! $n* )$,e) $n* %"#p$n+ !",,") )$#e !'n$n%'$, "u&,$+ '& %$n $%h'e4e &he !'ue "! )$,e) !" &he +e$ 201 2018 $n* 201B $e *e&e#'ne* $) --D,3C, R) ='n G$h)> +D)*D3' R) ='n ,$h)> @ C'+,3, R). ='n G$h)> .
Ten* $n$,+)') )h") &he !"e%$)&e* $#"un& "! $n* ne&p"!'& $n* %"#p$n+ !",,") )$#e !'n$n%'$, "u&,$+ '& %$n $%h'e4e &he !'ue "! Ne& P"!'& !" &he +e$ 201 2018 $n* 201B $e *e&e#'ne* $) 2152.6 R) ='n G$h)>20.15
R) ='n ,$h)> @2655.6 R). ='n G$h) Ten* $n$,+)') )h") &he !"e%$)&e* $#"un& "! $n* ")) p"!'& $n* %"#p$n+ !",,") )$#e !'n$n%'$, "u&,$+ '& %$n $%h'e4e &he !'ue "! ?")) P"!'& !" &he +e$ 201 2018 $n* 201B $e *e&e#'ne* $) 05.2 R) ='n G$h)> 16.B R) ='n ,$h)> @ 125.5 R). ='n G$h)>.
8. SU77ESTIONS
The C"#p$n+ %$n #$'n&$'n %$)h p")'&'"n $) '& ',, 'n%e$)e &he ,'u'*'&+ "! &he %"#p$n+.
The %"#p$n+ h$) &" #$'n&$'n $ )&$(,e %uen& $&'" 'n "*e &" #$'n&$'n '&) %uen& ,'$(','&'e) ,e))e &h$n &he %uen& $))e&).
The %"#p$n+ %$n '#p"4e '&) *e(&" &un"4e $&'" 'n "*e &" #$'n&$'n e!!'%'en%+ 'n %",,e%&'n '&) *e(&).
The %"#p$n+ %$n #$'n&$'n '&) %uen& $))e&) $) ,'e &h').
The %"#p$n+ %$n #$'n&$'n '&) (""'n) $& $ #'n'#u# p"))'(,e ,e4e,.
The !'# h$) &" )&en&hen '&) #$n$e#en& "! e%e'4$(,e) (+ e4')'n &he $4e$e *e(& %",,e%&'"n pe'"*.
-
8.; CONCLUSION Fin$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) p,$+) 4e+ '#p"&$n& ",e 'n p"4'*'n !$%&) $n* !'ue)
!" &he *e%')'"n #$e). In &he )$#e $+ $&'") ',, $%& $) $n$,+)') '& 'n &he h$n*) "! !'n$n%'$, $n$,+)&. Th') $&'" ',, he,p u) $n* 'n $n)e'n &he ($)'% ue)&'"n $n* $e 4e+ #u%h 'n %"n)'*e$&'"n !" *e%')'"n #$'n. In *e%'*'n h$& &" *" $n* h$& n"& &" *" &he+ $e eu'e* &" $n$,+/e &he *$&$ $) pe &he' eu'e#en&). In &h') p"3e%& &he+ &+ &" '4e ('e! "u&,'ne "! $&'" $n$,+)') %"#p$$&'4e )&$&e#en&) %"##"n )'/e ($,$n%e )hee& &en* $n$,+)'). Th"uh"u& p"3e%& &he+ $n$,+/e* %"#p$n+:) !'n$n%'$, p")'&'"n $n* p") $n* %"n) "! &he )'&u$&'"n $n* &he+ $,)" 'n&epe&e* &he *$&$. In )p'&e "! )"#e ,'#'&$&'"n) &he+ &" $n$,+/e $n* 'n&epe&e* &he !$%&) $n* !'ue) '&h $%%u$%+ .<$)e* "n &he $n$,+)') 'n&epe&$&'"n &he+ $4e !'n*'n) $n* )ue)&'"n) !" &he %"#p$n+ $) pe &he (e)& n",e*e h'%h #$+ he,p &he %"#p$n+ !'n$,,+ &h') p"3e%&) e$,,+ he,p u) 'n n"'n &he p$%&'%$, &h'n) "! &he %"p"$&e ",* .Re$,,+ en3"+e* &h') p"3e%& " $n* ,e$n& &he #")& "u& "! '&.
-'
@I@LIO7RAPHY* S.M. T#i- f# S. . = Sep. 2012>. QA C"#p$$&'4e E4$,u$&'"n O! F'n$n%'$,
Pe!"#$n%e An* ;$e& V$,ue O! ;$u&' An* T$&$ C"#p$n+ <""#$n In&en$&'"n$, J"un$, "! A%%"un&) E%"n"#'%) @ . A S&u*+ "n G'u'*'&+ An$,+)') "! In*'$n C"n)&u&'"n
In*u)&+ . A)'$n Re)e$%h J"un$, "! WA e4'e "! &he &he"e&'%$, $n* e#p''%$, ($)') "!
!'n$n%'$, $&'" $n$,+)')W The F'nn')h J"un$, "!
A%%"un&'n 1BBB P n" 2B-2B8. Do#on Nissi$ 3 S%e"en H Pen$n =;$%h 1BBB> C",u#('$ un'4e)'&+-C",u#('$
(u)'ne)) )%h"",
Dep$&#en& "! A%%"un&'n.
enne/ n Mulle# An$,+)') "! F'n$n%'$, S&$&e#en&)X 1BBB p n" 1.. Eli0,e% Dun!n n Ellio%% !'n$n%'n pe!"#$n%e 2005 P n" 6-. ons El$e##Gi An$,+/e In4e)&#en&) u'%,+ '&h $&'")X 2005 P n" -6. on .Wil2 .R.Su,#$n/$ 3 Ro,e#% F.Hlse/ =2006> F'n$n%'$, S&$&e#en&
An$,+)') B&h E*'&'"n P n" 2-B0. Ci$,#$ R$es'u$#2 An,u$ni N2 An "4e4'e "n !'n$n%'$, )&$&e#en&) $n*
$&'" $n$,+)')X 2006 V",.1 P n". 0.
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I+n!io ?ele05P#eG =Ju,+ 200> Un'4e)'*$* Te%hn","'%$, *e <",'4$ Dep$&#en&
"! F'n$n%e $n*In&en$&'"n$, . Pne/ I M A ;$n$e#en& ?u'*e !" ;$n$'n C"#p$n+:) Fun*) $n* P"!'&)X 6 &h
E*'&'"n P n" 1.58
e#Jni$o e @u#+os i$Kne02 Die+o
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