akshatra From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A akshatra (Devanagari: न , Sanskrit: nakshatra, 'star', from Sanskrit: naksha, 'approach', and Sanskrit: tra, 'guard') is one of the 27 sectors of the ecliptic in the lunar mansion system of Hindu astrology. The names are related to the most prominent star or [1] asterism in the respective sectors. [1]
akshatras
Ashvinī Bharanī Kṛttikā
Rohinī
Contents 1 Overview 2 Nakshatra descriptions 3 Divisions 4 Names 5 Traditional Hindu names 6 Use in electional astrology 7 See also 8 References 9 Notes 10 External links
Mrigashīra Ārdrā Punarvasu Pushya Āshleshā Maghā Pūrva Phalgunī Uttara Phalgunī Hasta Chitrā Svātī
Overview Each nakshatra represents a division of the ecliptic similar to the zodiac (13°20’ each instead of the 30° for each zodiac sign). The orbit of the moon is 27.3 days, so the Moon takes approximately one day to pass through each nakshatra.
Vishākhā Anurādhā Jyeshtha Mūla Pūrva Ashādhā
The starting point for the nakshatras is the point on the ecliptic directly opposite to the star Spica called Chitrā in Sanskrit (other slightly different definitions exist). It is called Meshādi or the "start of Aries". The ecliptic is divided into each of the nakshatras eastwards starting from this point.
Uttara Ashādhā
The list of Nakshatras is found in the Vedic texts (AV 19.7; Taittiriya Samhita) and also in the Shatapatha Brahmana. The first astronomy text that lists them is the Vedanga Jyotisha of Lagadha.
Pūrva Bhādrapadā
Shravana Dhanistha Shatabhisha Uttara Bhādrapadā Revatī
In Ancient India, the Nakshastras were created by Daksha and are personified as daughters of the deity and as mythological wives of Chandra, the moon god. Some even make them the daughters of [2] Kashyapa, the brother of Daksha. [2] Each of the nakshatras is governed as 'lord' by one of the nine graha in the following sequence: Ketu (South Lunar Node), Shukra (Venus), Ravi or Surya (Sun), Chandra (Moon), Mangala (Mars), Rahu (North Lunar Node), Guru or Brihaspati (Jupiter), Shani (Saturn) and Budha (Mercury). This cycle repeats itself three times to cover all 27 nakshatras. The lord of each nakshatra determines the planetary period known as the dasha , which is considered
of major importance in forecasting the life path of the individual.
akshatra descriptions The following are the 27 nakshatras and their meanings, with their equivalent positions in the Indian and Western zodiacs. The corresponding regions of sky are also given, following Basham's Appendix: Astronomy. Although the Indian and Western zodiac signs have a common origin, due to differences in measuring the zodiac they have diverged from each other by about 25°. Therefore in the Western zodiac 0° Aries (Mesha) corresponds to 5° Pisces (Meena) in the Indian zodiac and so on. Sl. o.
Sanskrit ame and Meaning
Western star name
Lord : Ketu (South lunar node) Symbol : Horse's head Deity : Ashwini Kumaras, the horse-
Ashvini
1
िअनी
Horse-likewoman
Bharani
2
भरणी
Bearer-woman
β and γ Arietis
क ृ का
headed twins who are physicians to the gods Indian zodiac: 0° - 13°20' Mesha Western zodiac 26° Aries - 9°20' Taurus Lord : Shukra (Venus) Symbol : Yoni, the female organ of
35, 39, and 41 Arietis
Krittika
3
Description
Pleiades
Cutting woman
reproduction Deity: Yama, god of death or Dharma Indian zodiac: 13° 20' - 26°40' Mesha Western zodiac 9° 20' - 22° 40' Taurus Lord : Surya (Sun) Symbol : Knife or spear Deity : Agni, god of fire Indian zodiac: 26°40' Mesha - 10°
Vrishabha Western zodiac 22° 40' Taurus - 6°
Gemini Lord : Chandra (Moon) Symbol : Cart or chariot, temple,
Rohini
4
रोहणी
Aldebaran
banyan tree Deity : Brahma or Prajapati, the
Image
Red woman
Creator Indian zodiac: 10° - 23°20' Vrishabha Western zodiac 6° - 19°20' Gemini
Mrigashīrsha
5
ृगशीषा
λ, φ Orionis
Head of a Deer
Lord : Mangala (Mars) Symbol : Deer's head Deity: Soma, Chandra, the Moon god Indian zodiac: 23° 20' Vrishabha - 6°
40' Mithuna Western zodiac: 19°20' Gemini - 2°40'
Cancer Lord : Rahu (North lunar node) Symbol : Teardrop, diamond, a human
Ardra
6
आा
Betelgeuse
Moist One
Punarvasu
7
प ु नवस ु
Return of the Light
Castor and Pollux
head Deity : Rudra, the storm god Indian zodiac: 6° 40' - 20° Mithuna Western zodiac: 2° 40' - 16° Cancer Lord : Guru (Jupiter) Symbol : Bow and quiver Deity : Aditi, mother of the gods Indian zodiac: 20° Mithuna - 3°20'
Karka Western zodiac 16° - 29°20' Cancer Lord : Shani (Saturn) Symbol : Cow's udder, lotus, arrow
Pushya
8
9
Nourishing
and circle Deity : Bṛhaspati, priest of the gods Indian zodiac: 3°20' -16°40' Karka Western zodiac 29°20' Cancer 12°40' Leo
Āshleshā
Lord : Budh (Mercury) Symbol : Serpent Deity : Sarpas or Nagas, deified
प ु य
आेषा
The Embracer
γ, δ and θ Cancri
δ, ε, η, ρ, and σ Hydrae
snakes Indian zodiac: 16°40' - 30° Karka Western zodiac 12°40' - 26° Leo Lord : Ketu (south lunar node) S mbol : Ro al Throne
10 Maghā
मघा
Regulus
The Great One
ancestors Indian zodiac: 0° - 13°20' Simha Western zodiac 26° Leo - 9°20' Virgo Lord : Shukra (Venus) Symbol : Front legs of bed, hammock,
Pūrva Phalgunī
11 प ूव फा'ग ुनी Former Reddish One
Deity : Pitrs, 'The Fathers', family
δ and θ Leonis
fig tree Deity : Bhaga, god of marital bliss and prosperity Indian zodiac: 13°20' - 26°40' Simha Western zodiac 9°20' - 22°40' Virgo Lord : Surya (Sun) Symbol : Four legs of bed, hammock Deity : Aryaman, god of patronage and
Uttara Phalgunī
12 उर फा'ग ुनी Denebola Latter Reddish One
favours Indian zodiac: 26°40' Simha- 10°
Kanya Western zodiac 22°40' Virgo - 6°
Libra
Hasta
13 ह)त The Hand
α, β, γ, δ and ε Corvi
Lord : Mangala (Mars) Symbol : Bright jewel or pearl Deity : Tvastar or Vishvakarman, the
Chitra
14 +चा Bright One
Spica
Svātī
15
)वाती
Sword or Independence
Lord : Chandra (Moon) Symbol : Hand or fist Deity : Saviti or Surya, the Sun god Indian zodiac: 10° - 23°20' Kanya Western zodiac 6° - 19°20' Libra
Arcturus
celestial architect Indian zodiac: 23°20' Kanya - 6°40' Tula Western zodiac: 19°20' Libra - 2°40' Scorpio Lord : Rahu (north lunar node) Symbol : Shoot of plant, coral Deity : Vayu, the Wind god Indian zodiac: 6°40' - 20° Tula Western zodiac 2°40' - 16° Scorpio
Lord : Guru (Jupiter) Symbol : Triumphal arch, potter's
Vishakha
wheel
वशाखा
Deity : Indra, chief of the gods; Agni,
16 Fork Shaped (Having branches)
α, β, γ and ι Librae
god of Fire Indian zodiac: 20° Tula - 3°20'
Vrishchika Western zodiac 16° - 29°20' Scorpio
Anuradha
ु राधा 17 अन Disciple of Divine Spark
Jyeshtha
18 /ये0ा The Eldest
β, δ and π Scorpionis
Lord : Shani (Saturn) Symbol : Triumphal archway, lotus Deity : Mitra, one of Adityas of
friendship and partnership Indian zodiac: 3°20' - 16°40' Vrishchika Western zodiac 29°20' Scorpio 12°40' Sagittarius Lord : Budh (Mercury) Symbol : circular amulet, umbrella,
α, σ, and τ Scorpionis
earring Deity : Indra, chief of the gods Indian zodiac: 16°40' - 30° Vrishchika Western zodiac 12°40' - 26° Sagittarius Lord : Ketu (south lunar node) Symbol : Bunch of roots tied together,
Mula
19 म ूल The Root
ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, µ and ν Scorpionis
Purva Ashadha
20 प δ and ε Sagittarii ूवाषाढा Early Victory or The Undefeated
elephant goad Deity : Nirrti, goddess of dissolution and destruction Indian zodiac: 0° - 13°20' Dhanus Western zodiac 26° Sagittarius - 9°20' Capricorn Lord : Shukra (Venus) Symbol : Elephant tusk, fan, winnowing
basket Deity : Apah, god of Water Indian zodiac: 13°20' - 26°40' Dhanus Western zodiac 9°20' - 22°40' Capricorn
Uttara Ashadha
उराषाढा
21 Latter victory or Latter Undefeated
ζ and σ Sagittarii
Makara Western zodiac 22°40' Capricorn - 6°
Aquarius
Shravana
22 3वण Hearing
α, β and γ Aquilae
Lord : Chandra (Moon) Symbol : Ear or Three Footprints Deity : Vishnu, preserver of universe Indian zodiac: 10° - 23°20' Makara Western zodiac 6° - 19°20' Aquarius Lord : Mangala (Mars) Symbol : Drum or flute Deity : Eight vasus, deities of earthly
Shravishthā or Dhanishta
23 3व0ा or
Lord : Surya (Sun) Symbol : Elephant tusk, small bed Deity : Visvedevas, universal gods Indian zodiac: 26°40' Dhanus - 10°
α to δ Delphinus
ध4न0ा
abundance Indian zodiac: 23°20' Makara - 6°40'
Kumbha
Richest One
Western zodiac 19°20' Aquarius -
2°40' Pisces Lord : Rahu (north lunar node) Symbol : Empty circle, 1,000 flowers
Shatabhisha
24
or Shatataraka शत5भषक् /
शततारका
γ Aquarii
Hundred Healers
Lord : Guru (Jupiter) Symbol : Swords or two front legs of
Purva Bhadrapada
प वभापदा / 25 ू प ूव8ो0पदा
Former Happy Feet
Uttara
or stars Deity : Varuna, god of cosmic waters, sky and earth Indian zodiac: 6°40' - 20° Kumbha ; Western zodiac 2°40' - 16° Pisces
α and β Pegasi
funeral cot, man with two faces Deity : Ajikapada, an ancient fire dragon Indian zodiac: 20° Kumbha - 3°20' Meena ; Western zodiac 16° - 29°20' Pisces Lord : Shani (Saturn)
Symbol : Twins, back legs of funeral
Bhādrapadā
/ 26 उरभापदा
γ Pegasi and α Andromedae
Latter Happy Feet
cot, snake in the water Deity : Ahir Budhyana, serpent or dragon of the deep Indian zodiac: 3°20' - 16°40' Meena ; Western zodiac 29°20' Pisces - 12°40' Aries
Revati
Lord : Budh (Mercury) Symbol : Fish or a pair of fish, drum Deity : Pushan, nourisher, the
उर8ो0पदा
27 रेवती The Wealthy
ζ Piscium
protective deity Indian zodiac: 16°40' - 30° Meena Western zodiac 12°40' - 26° Aries
There is an additional 28th intercalary nakshatra, Abhijit ( अ5भजीत्)(α, ε and ζ Lyrae - Vega - between Uttarasharha and Sravana). Its longitude starts from 06° 40' to 10° 53' 40 in sidereal Capricorn i.e. from t he last quarter of Uttra Ashadha to first 1/15 th part of Shravana. Its span is 4° 13' 40 (4.22777... degrees). The span of 27 mean daily lunar motions totals 355.76167 degrees, and together these total 359.98945 degrees. Unless specifically mentioned it is not included in the list of the 27 constellations. It is held as an auspicious constellation in electional astrology. It is small (Laghu / Kshipra) in nature. The lord of Abhijit is Brahma.
Divisions The 27 akshatras cover 13°20’ of the ecliptic each. Each akshatra is also divided into quarters or adas of 3°20’, and the below table lists the appropriate starting sound to name the child. The 27 nakshatras, each
with 4 padas, give 108, which is the number of beads in a Hindu/Vedic japa mala, indicating all the elements (ansh) of Vishnu: #
ame
1 Aśvini (िअ4न )) 2 Bharaṇī (भरणी ) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Pada 1
च ु Chu ल: Li Kṛttikā (क अ A ृ का ) Rohini(रोहणी ) ओ O Mṛgaśīrsha ( वे Ve/Be ृगशीषा) Ārdrā (आा) क ु Ku Punarvasu (प के Ke ु नवस ु ) Puṣya (प ु य ) ुह Hu Āshleṣā (आेषा ) डी Di Maghā (मघा ) मा Ma Pūrva or Pūrva Phalgunī ( प ूव फा'ग ुनी ) नो Mo
Pada 2
चे Che ल ू Lu ई I वा Va/Ba वो Vo/Bo घ Gha को Ko हे He ूड Du मी Mi टा Ta
Pada 3
चो Cho ले Le उ U वी Vi/Bi का Ka ङ Ng/Na हा Ha हो Ho डे De म ू Mu ट: Ti
Pada 4
ला La पो Lo ए E व ु Vu/Bu क> Ke छ Chha ह: Hi ड Da डो Do मे Me ट ू Tu
12 Uttara or Uttara Phalgunī ( उर फा'ग ुनी ) टेप Te 13 Hasta (ह)त ) ू Pu
To Pa टो Sha पा Na ष ण पे Pe पो Po रा Ra D Ru रे Re रो Ro ती Ti त ते Te ू Tu ना Na नी Ni न ू Nu नो No या Ya यी Yi ये Ye यो Yo भा Bha भ ू Bhu धा Dha फा Bha/Pha भे Bhe भो Bho जा Ja खी Ju/Khi ख ूJe/Khu खे Jo/Khe गा Ga गी Gi ग ु Gu गो Go सा Sa सी Si से Se सो So दा Da द थ Tha झ Jha ूDu दे De दो Do च Cha
14 Citrā (+चा ) 15 Svātī ()वा4त ) 16 Viśākhā (वशाखा ) 17 Anurādhā (अन ु राधा ) 18 Jyeṣṭha (/ये0ा ) 19 Mūla (म ूल ) 20 Pūrva Ashādhā (प ूवाषाढ़ा ) 21 22 23 24
Uttara Aṣāḍhā (उराषाढ़ा ) Śrāvaṇa (3 ावण ) Śrāviṣṭha (3व0ा ) or Dhaniṣṭha Śatabhiṣā (शत5भषा )or Śatataraka
25 Pūrva Bhādrapadā (प ूवभापदा ) 26 Uttara Bhādrapadā (उरभापदा ) 27 Revatī (nakṣatra) (रेवती )
Pi पी Tha ठ र: Ri ता Ta तो To ने Ne य ू Yu भी Bhi ढा Dha जी Ji खो Gha/Kho गे Ge स ू Su द: Di ञ Da/Tra ची Chi
ames The names of nakshatras in other languages are adapted from the Sanskrit variation (apabhramsa) through Pali or Prakrit. The variations evolved for easier pronunciation in popular usage. #
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sanskrit
Telugu
Kannada
Malayalam
Tamil
सं ) क ृ तम ्
ెల గ
ಕನಡ
தம
Ashvinī
Ashwini
Ashwini
Ashvati
Aswini
िअनी
అ
ಅ
அவன
Bharanī
Bharani
Bharani
Bharaṇi
Baraṇi
भरणी
భరణ
ಭರ
பரண
Krittikā
Kritika
Kritika
Kārttika
Kārthikai
क ृ का
కృక
ಕೃಕ
கதக
Rohini
Rohini
Rohini
Rōhiṇi
Rōhiṇi
रोहणी
ణ
ೋ
ரகண
Mrigashīrsha
Mrigashira
Mrigashira
Makayiram
Mirugasīridam
ृगशीषा
ార
ಮೃಗರ
Ārdrā
Ardra
Ardra
आा
ఆర
ಆದ
Ātira or Tiruvātira
Mongolian
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Traditional Hindu names Hindu astrologers (see Jyotisha) teach that when a child is born, they should be given an auspicious first name which will correspond to the child's Nakshatra. It is claimed that the benefit of this naming is that when the child hears this sound it generates the feeling of wholeness within the child. The child gains the feeling of comfort 'that mother is at home', whereas the wrong name can lead to feelings of isolation or alienation. The Moon is associated with mother, so using this sound gives the child that comfort feeling of mother. Each birthstar has corresponding Sanskrit sounds which would belong at the beginning of such a name. These are available under each Nakshatra, listed above. The principle technique for deducing the name is to see which nakshatra the moon is in at the moment of birth; this gives four possible sounds. A refinement is to pick one sound out of that four that relates to the Pada or division of the Nakshatra. Each Nakshatra has four Padas and four sounds and each Pada is of equal width. The Nakshatra changes every 62 minutes of time and the Pada every 15 minutes. A further refinement or opportunity is to instead use the Nakshatra that the ascendent resides in at birth. The same broad choice of sounds and Padas apply, but now the sounds change roughly every 15 minutes. The ascendent passes through all 27 Nakshatras every 24 hours, being in each one for 53 and a third minutes of time, and is in a Pada for 13 and a third minutes of time. By using the ascendent's nakshatra, instead of the moon's nakshatra leads more to comfort of the Self, rather than comfort of the mother. This second approach is only really applicable if intuitively the moon approach does not feel right.
Use in electional astrology Constellations are grouped on the basis of their nature, type of their face, degree of their beneficence, their quarters in different signs, with reference to the constellation occupied by the Sun, with reference to the birth constellation ( Janma akshatra), their caste, etc. The current constellation occupied by the Moon, and its nature forms the fundamental of Vedic system of electional astrology ( Muhurta). Some of the activities and works which are associated with the Nakshatras are given below based on their fundamental nature: Fixed ( Dhruva, Sthira) constellations:
Rohini, Uttara Bhādrapadā , Uttra Falguni, and Uttara Ashada Fixed and permanent nature, house, village, temple, entering in new hose-city-temple, religious works, rites for getting peace, propitiation of portents, Vinayaka Shanti, coronation, sowing of seeds, planting of small garden, starting of vocal music, friendship, sexual works, making & wearing of ornaments & clothes may be auspiciously begun / effectively performed. Works allocated to delicate & friendly ( Mridu) asterisms may also be performed. Movable (Chala , Chara) constellations:
Punarvasu, Swaati, Sharavana, Shatabhishā & Shravishthā Related to motion & movement, riding on a vehicle or elephant, opening of shop, walking first time, walking in garden, sex, making jewellery, learning of a trait. Things performed in Small ( Laghu) constellation are also effectively performed in the Movable constellations. Cruel (Ugra, Karur ) constellations:
Magha, Bharni, Porva Falguni, Poorva Shada, & Poorva Bhadra. Ambush, burning, poisoning (self & others), making & using weapons especially related to fire, cheating / deception / wickedness / craftiness, cutting & destroying, controlling of animals, beating & punishing of enemy. Works allocated to Sharp / Horrible ( Darun) asterisms are also successfully done in these asterisms. Mixed ( Mishra & Sadharan ) constellations
Vishakha & Krittika. Fire works, burning of sacred fire ( Agnihotra), using poison, fearsome works, arresting, adulteration (mixing), donation of ox to get one’s desires fulfilled ( Vrashotsarga). Works prescribed under cruel ( Ugra, Karur ) constellations may also be performed. As per N.S. works of Sweet / delicate & friendly ( Mridu & Maitri) constellations can also be included. Small ( Laghu & Kshipra ) constellations
Hasta, Abhijit, Pushya, and Ashvini. Selling, medical knowledge, using & handling of medicines, literature-music-art, the 64 Kala Shilpa (various arts, sculpture etc.) jewellery making & wearing, sexual intercourse. And the works prescribed for Movable ( Char ) constellations. Though Abhijit is included in Small group of asterisms, but is rarely referred in the Muhurt prescriptions. Sweet/Delicate & Friendly ( Mridu & Maitri ) constellations
Mrigashīrsha, Chitra, Anuradha and Revati. Starting & learning singing of songs, clothes & jewellery making & wearing, Manglik works, matter related to friends, female company, enjoyments, sexual passions. Sharp & Horrible ( Teekshan & Darun ) constellations:
Jyeshta, Ardra, Ashlesha, and Moola Charm or spell causing disease or death, hypnotism, sorcery; ghost, ambush, horror, murder, capture, matters related to secrecy, backbiting, starting of quarrel, separation, matters related to friendship & breaking thereof, training & tying of animals, pleasure works, playing games, getting made & wearing of new dress & ornaments, starting & learning singing of songs, entering into village / city, peaceful & developmental works.
See also Atmakaraka Navagraha Panchangam Gandanta Chinese constellation Twenty-eight mansions
References 1. ^ Sutton, Komilla (1991). The Essentials of Vedic Astrology, The Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England, p.168. 2. ^ Mythology of the Hindus, by Charles Coleman p.131
otes uthors who have written books on the akshatras include:
Prashant Trivedi (http://www.osfa.org.uk/book-19.htm) Dennis Harness Komilla Sutton (http://www.komilla.com) Valerie Roebuck Bepin Behari K.T. Shubhakaran Bill Levacy Jim Kelleher U.S.Pulippani Astrologer and Vastu Consultant Shri Ashish Chaukkar from Mumbai
External links Online Nakshatra calculator for any day and location (http://www.astroica.com/vedicastrology/nakshatra-calculator.php) "Hindu Electional Astrology" - a compendium on Vedic Muhurtas (http://www.besttime-election.com) Daily Nakshatra for your city (http://www.mypanchang.com/) Online Jatakam/Kundli & Birth Nakshatra calculator (http://www.mypanchang.com/astrology) Panchang information (http://anastrospark.com/) baby names & janam nakshatra calculator (http://www.babybirthstar.com/)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakshatra" Categories: Hindu astrology | Hindu astronomy | Constellations | Nakshatra | Technical factors of astrology | Sanskrit words and phrases This page was last modified on 21 July 2011 at 14:36. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.