Nokia - LTE EPS_Overview

Nokia LTE – EPS Overview

RA41202EN60GLA0

©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

Module Contents

• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces • LTE Terminals •LTE Advanced 2

RA41202EN60GLA0


Schedule for 3GPP releases

• Next step for

A true global roaming technology

GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and cdma2000

Specification: UMTS/ WCDMA

HSDPA IMS

3GPP 3GPP Rel. Rel. 99/4 99/4

Rel. Rel. 55

HSUPA MBMS WLAN IW Rel. Rel. 66

2003

2005

2000

• •

• • 3

HSPA+ LTE Studies Rel. Rel. 77 2007

LTE & EPC

LTE-A studies

LTE-A

Rel. Rel. 88

Rel. Rel. 99

Rel. Rel. 10 10

2008

2009

2011

year

LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility. HSPA and LTE have in common: – Sampling rate using the same clocking frequency – Same kind of Turbo coding The harmonization of these parameters is important as sampling and Turbo decoding are typically done on hardware due to high processing requirements. WiMAX and LTE do not have such harmonization. RA41202EN60GLA0


LTE = Long Term Evolution

• Next step for

GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and CDMA • Peak data rates of 300 Mbps / 50 Mbps (R8)

A true global roaming technology

Enhanced consumer experience

• Low latency 10-20 ms • Scalable bandwidth of 1.4 – 20 MHz (R8)

Easy to introduce on any frequency band

• OFDM technology • Flat, scalable IP based

Decreased cost / GB

architecture

4

RA41202EN60GLA0


Summary of Capabilities & Benefits of LTE/EPC Fully packet-oriented mobile broadband network providing:  Peak data rates of 100 Mbps (DL)  Peak data rates of 50 Mbps (UL)  Very low latency  Seamless and lossless handover  Sophisticated QoS to support important real time applications such as voice, video and interactive gaming  Support for terminal speeds of 150-500 Km/h  Cell ranges of up to 100 Km.

 Supports flexible frequency bandwidths  by means of OFDM, MIMO, HARQ etc. an outstanding spectrum efficiency can be achieved  Extended Interworking Functionality  seamless mobility with other 3GPP access systems (UMTS, GPRS), with 3GPP2/cdma2000  Reduced Terminal Complexity  Specific transmission schemes  Minimize power consumption

 Reduced cost per bit  Simplified Architecture  All IP

5

Maximised exploitation of frequency Resources

RA41202EN60GLA0


LTE FDD and TDD Modes Bandwidth t up to 20MHz Uplink

Bandwidth

t

up to 20MHz

Bandwidth up to 20MHz Uplink

Downlink Guard Period f

Duplex Frequency

6

RA41202EN60GLA0


Downlink f

FDD and TDD modes (2/2) FDD and TDD modes Harmonisation (commonalities)

FDD and TDD modes differences

FDD and TDD mode included together in the same specification

FDD developed in the paired 3GPP spectrum

Same radio interface schemes for both uplink and downlink

TDD developed in the unpaired 3GPP spectrum

Same subframe formats

Small differences in the physical channels design

Same network architecture Different frame formats Same air interface protocols Same physical channels procedures

FDD mode has commonalities with 3G UMTS TDD mode has commonalities with TDSCDMA (developed in China)

7

RA41202EN60GLA0


Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)

Enhanced consumer experience: - drives subscriber uptake - allow for new applications - provide additional revenue streams

• Peak data rates of 303 Mbps / 75 Mbps (R8)

• Low latency 10-20 ms 350 300

Mbps

250

Max. peak data rate

Latency (Rountrip delay)* GSM/ EDGE

Downlink Uplink

HSPA Rel6

200 150 100

HSPAev o (Rel8)

50

LTE

0 HSPA R6

8

Evolved HSPA (Rel. 7/8, 2x2 MIMO)

LTE 2x20 MHz (2x2 MIMO)

RA41202EN60GLA0

LTE 2x20 MHz (4x4 MIMO)

mi ma n x

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

* Server near RAN

8 0

10 0

12 0

14 0

16 0

18 0

DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)


20 m 0 s

LTE Frequency Variants in 3GPP – FDD

9

Europe

Japan

Americas

BW[MHz] 2x60

Uplink [MHz] 1920-1980

Downlink [MHz] 2110-2170

2

2x60

1850-1910

1930-1990

US PCS

3

2x75

1710-1785

1805-1880

1800

4

2x45

1710-1755

2110-2155

US AWS

5

2x25

824-849

869-894

US 850

6

2x10

830-840

875-885

Japan 800

7

2x70

2500-2570

2620-2690

2600

8

2x35

880-915

925-960

900

9

2x35

1749.9-1784.9

1844.9-1879.9

10

2x60

1710-1770

2110-2170

11

2x25

1427.9-1452.9

1475.9-1500.9

12

2x18

698-716

728-746

US700

13

2x10

777-787

746-756

US700

14

2x10

788-798

758-768

US700

17

2x12

704 – 716

734 – 746

US700

18

2x15

815 – 830

860 – 875

Japan 800

19

2x15

830 – 845

875 – 890

Japan 800

20

2x30

832 – 862

791 – 821

UHF (TV)

21

2x15

1447.9 – 1462.9

1495.9 – 1510.9

24

2x34

1626.5 – 1660.5

1525 – 1559

RA41202EN60GLA0


Band 1

UMTS core

Japan 1700 Extended AWS Japan 1500

TS36.101

LTE Frequency Variants - TDD

10

Band

BW[MHz]

Frequency [MHz]

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

1x20 1x15 1x60 1x60 1x20 1x50 1x40 1x100 1x194 1x200 1x200

1900 - 1920 2010 - 2015 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990 1910 - 1930 2570 - 2620 1880 - 1920 2300 - 2400 2496 - 2690 3400 - 3600 3600 - 3800

RA41202EN60GLA0

UMTS TDD UMTS TDD US PCS US PCS US PCS Euro midle gap 2600 China TDD China TDD UMTS TDD new with Rel. 10


Scalable Bandwidth Scalable bandwidth • Scalable bandwidth of 1.4 –

Easy to introduce on any frequency band: Frequency Refarming (Cost efficient deployment on lower frequency bands supported)

20 MHz

• (1.4; 3; 5; 10; 15; 20) Mhz

Urban

2.6 GHz

LTE UMTS

2.1 GHz

or

2.6 GHz

UMTS

2.1 GHz 2006

2008

LTE

2010

2012

2014

2016

LTE 2018

2020

Rural UMTS

900 MHz GSM

or

2006 11

2008

RA41202EN60GLA0

LTE

GSM

900 MHz 2010

2012

LTE

2014

2016

2018


2020

Reduced Network Complexity

• Flat, scalable IP based architecture

Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture IP based Interfaces Flat, IP based architecture

Access

Core

Control

MME

IMS

HLR/HSS

Internet Evolved Node B 12

RA41202EN60GLA0

Gateway ©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

LTE/SAE Requirements Summary 1. •. •.

Simplify the RAN: - Reduce the number of different types of RAN nodes, and their complexity. - Minimize the number of RAN interface types.

2.

Increase throughput: Peak data rates of UL/DL 50/300 Mbps (R8)

3.

Reduce latency (prerequisite for CS replacement).

4.

Improve spectrum efficiency: Capacity 2-4 x higher than with Release 6 HSPA

5.

Frequency flexibility & bandwidth scalability: Frequency Refarming

6.

Migrate to a PS only domain in the core network: CSFB, SRVCC

7.

Provide efficient support for a variety of different services. Traditional CS services will be supported via VoIP, etc: EPS bearers for IMS based Voice

8.

Minimise the presence of single points of failure in the network above the eNBs S1-Flex interface

9.

Support for inter-working with existing 3G system & non-3GPP specified systems.

10.

Operation in FDD & TDD modes

11.

Improved terminal power efficiency

A more detailed list of the requirements and objectives for LTE can be found in TR 25.913.

13

RA41202EN60GLA0


Module Contents

• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces • LTE Terminals •LTE Advanced

14

RA41202EN60GLA0


Network Architecture Evolution HSPA

Direct tunnel

I-HSPA

LTE

HSPA R6

HSPA R7

HSPA R7

LTE R8

GGSN

GGSN

GGSN

SAE GW

SGSN

SGSN

SGSN

RNC

RNC

Node B (NB)

Node B (NB)

MME/SGSN

Node B + RNC Functionality

- Flat architecture: single network element in user plane in radio network and core network

15

RA41202EN60GLA0


Evolved Node B (eNB) User plane Control Plane

Evolved Packet System (EPS) Architecture - Subsystems

• The EPS architecture goal is to optimize the system for packet data transfer. • There are no circuit switched components. The EPS architecture is made up of: – EPC: Evolved Packet Core, also referred as SAE – eUTRAN: Radio Access Network, also referred as LTE EPS Architecture LTE or eUTRAN

SAE or EPC

•

•

16

RA41202EN60GLA0

EPC provides access to external packet IP networks and performs a number of CN related functions (e.g. QoS, security, mobility and terminal context management) for idle and active terminals eUTRAN performs all radio interface related functions


LTE/SAE Network Elements Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

Evolved Packet Core (EPC) HSS Mobility Management Entity

eNB

Policy & Charging Rule Function S7 Rx+ PCRF

S6a X2 S1

ME -M

MME

S10

S11 S5/S8

S1-U LTE-Uu

LTE-UE

17

Evolved Node B (eNB)

RA41202EN60GLA0

Serving Gateway

SGi

PDN Gateway SAE Gateway


PDN

LTE Radio Interface Key Features LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)

Evolved Packet Core (EPC) SAE-GW MME

eNode-B

Serving GW

PDN GW

LTE Radio Interface Key Features • Retransmission Handling (HARQ/ARQ) • Spectrum Flexibility • FDD & TDD modes • Multi-Antenna Transmission • Frequency and time Domain scheduling • Uplink (UL) Power Control 18

RA41202EN60GLA0


Packet Data Network

EUTRAN Key Features LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)


eNode-B

Serving GW

PDN GW

EUTRAN Key Features: • Evolved NodeB • IP transport layer • UL/DL resource scheduling • QoS Awareness • Self-configuration

19

RA41202EN60GLA0


Packet Data Network

EPC Key Features LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)


eNode-B

Serving GW

PDN GW

EPC Key Features: • IP transport layer • QoS Awareness • Packet Switched Domain only • 3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6) option • Prepare to connect to non-3GPP access networks 20

RA41202EN60GLA0


Packet Data Network

Module Contents


21

RA41202EN60GLA0


Evolved Node B (eNB) eNB Functions Inter-cell RRM: HO, load balancing between cells Radio Bearer Control: setup , modifications and release of Radio Resources Connection Mgt. Control: UE State Management, MME-UE Connection Radio Admission Control eNode B Meas. collection and evaluation Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler) IP Header Compression/ de-compression Access Layer Security: ciphering and integrity protection on the radio interface MME Selection at Attach of the UE User Data Routing to the SAE GW Transmission of Paging Msg coming from MME Transmission of Broadcast Info (e.g. System info, MBMS) 22

RA41202EN60GLA0

• Only network element defined as

part of eUTRAN. • Replaces the old Node B / RNC combination from 3G. • Terminates the complete radio interface including physical layer. • Provides all radio management functions • To enable efficient inter-cell radio management for cells not attached to the same eNB, there is a inter-eNB interface X2 specified. It will allow to coordinate inter-eNB handovers without direct involvement of EPC during this process. ©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

Module Contents


23

RA41202EN60GLA0


LTE Radio Interface & the X2 Interface (E)-RRC User PDUs PDUs .. User User PDUs PDUs (E)-RRC User PDCP PDCP RLC RLC MAC MAC LTE-L1 LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA) (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)

TS 36.300

eNB

LTE-Uu X2-CP (Control Plane) TS 36.423 TS 36.422 TS 36.421

X2-AP X2-AP SCTP SCTP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2

• •

X2-UP (User Plane)

•

User User PDUs PDUs

GTP-U GTP-U UDP UDP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2

TS 36.424

X2

TS 36.421

TS 36.420

eNB 24

RA41202EN60GLA0

• • • •

LTE-Uu interface Air interface of LTE Based on OFDMA in DL & SC-FDMA in UL FDD & TDD duplex methods Scalable bandwidth: 1.4MHz - 20 MHz X2 interface Inter eNB interface X2AP: special signaling protocol (Application Part) Functionalities: – In inter- eNB HO to facilitate Handover and provide data forwarding. – In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management. – Logical interface: doesn’t need direct site-tosite connection, i.e. can be routed via CN as well


S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces S1 interface is divided into two parts:

S1-MME (Control Plane)

S1-MME interface

NAS NAS Protocols Protocols

• Control Plane interface between eNB & MME • S1AP:S1 Application Protocol • MME & UE will exchange NAS signaling via eNB

TS 36.413 TS 36.412

through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)

• S1 Flex: an eNB is allowed to connect to a maximum of 16 MME. (LTE2, RL20) User plane interface between eNB & Serving Gateway.

•

Pure user data interface (U=User plane)

TS 36.411 S1-U (User Plane) User User PDUs PDUs

eNB

TS 36.414

S1-U interface

•

MME

S1-AP S1-AP SCTP SCTP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2

TS 36.411

GTP-U GTP-U UDP UDP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2

Serving Gateway

TS 36.410

LTE4: Multi-Operator Core Network (MO-CN): An eNB can be connected simultaneously to the different Evolved Packet Cores (EPCs) of different operators, and shared by them. 25

RA41202EN60GLA0


Module Contents


26

RA41202EN60GLA0


LTE UE Categories • • •

All categories support 20 MHz 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5 & 8) 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1

Tx Power (dBm)

1

[+30]

2

[+27]

3

+23

4

[+21]

Tolerance (dB)

+/-2 dB

Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Class 5

Class 6

Class 7

Class 8

10/5 Mbps

50/25 Mbps

100/50 Mbps

150/50 Mbps

299/75 Mbps

301/50 Mbps

301/102 Mbps

3000/1500 Mbps

RF bandwidth

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

Modulation DL

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

Modulation UL

16QAM

16QAM

16QAM

16QAM

64QAM

16QAM

16QAM

64QAM

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Optional

2x2

2x2

2x2

4x4

2x2 or 4x4

2x2 or 4x4

8x8

peakrate DL/UL

Rx diversity MIMO DL

27

Power Class

RA41202EN60GLA0


LTE: What is new? - new radio transmission schemes: • OFDMA in DL • SC-FDMA in UL • MIMO Multiple Antenna Technology - New radio protocol architecture: • Complexity reduction • Focus on shared channel operation, no dedicated channels anymore

• new network architecture: – More functionality in the base station (eNodeB) – Focus on PS domain – Flat architecture (2-nodes) – All-IP

• Important for Radio Planning – Frequency Reuse 1 ▪ No need for Frequency Planning – No need to define neighbour lists in LTE

28

RA41202EN60GLA0


LTE Air Interface Key Features

TX Fast Link Adaptation due to channel behaviour

scalable

64QAM Modulation

RX Tx

MIMO Channel

Rx

Advanced Scheduling Time & Freq.

Short TTI = 1 ms Transmission time interval HARQ Automatic Repeat Request

DL: OFDMA UL: SC-FDMA

OFDM is the state-of-the-art and most efficient and robust air interface and could be used for both FDD and TDD modes 29

RA41202EN60GLA0


Module Contents

• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces •LTE Advanced

30

RA41202EN60GLA0


LTE becomes LTE-Advanced with 3GPP Rel 10 LTE-A fulfills or exceeds the requirements of IMT-Advanced defined by ITU Mobility

LTE-Advanced LTE-AdvancedGoals Goals Meet Meet and andexceed exceedcapabilities capabilities requested requestedfor for IMT-Advanced IMT-Advanced Meet Meet 3GPP 3GPPoperators’ operators’requirements requirements for forLTE LTE evolution evolution Enhance Enhance macro macronetwork network performance performance Enable Enable efficient efficient use useof of small small cells cells More MoreBandwidth Bandwidth available available Able Ableto toachieve achievehigher higher data datarates rates (( up up to to 11 Gbps in downlink for stationary users) Gbps in downlink for stationary users)

Data rates

Enhance Enhancethe thecoverage coverage by byincreasing increasingdata datarates rates on on the thecell cell edge edge Backward Backwardcompatibility compatibility

31

RA41202EN60GLA0


System Performance Requirements • Peak data rate - 1 Gbps data rate will be achieved by 4-by-4 MIMO and transmission bandwidth wider than approximately 70 MHz • Peak spectrum efficiency - DL: Rel. 8 LTE satisfies IMT-Advanced requirement - UL: Need to double from Release 8 to satisfy IMT-Advanced requirement

Peak data rate Peak spectrum efficiency [bps/Hz]

Rel. 8 LTE

LTE-Advanced

DL

300 Mbps

1 Gbps

UL

75 Mbps

500 Mbps

DL

15

30

15

UL

3.75

15

6.75

*“100 Mbps for high mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility

32

RA41202EN60GLA0


IMT-Advanced

1 Gbps(*)

Technology Evolution Enables LTE-Advanced More spectrum

Multiband UE and BTS capability

Baseband processing capability Multiple power amplifiers in UE

Carrier aggregation MIMO enhancements

4-8 antennas in UE

CoMP

Multi-antenna BTS site

Heterogeneous networks Optical transport availability

Relays LTE-A

Low cost small BTS

• LTE-Advanced benefits from technology evolution in baseband and RF area, availability of new spectrum and optical fiber transport 33

RA41202EN60GLA0


LTE-Advanced: First features standardized in 3GPP Release10 Key Key aspects aspects in in 3GPP 3GPP Rel.10 Rel.10

Carrier Aggregation

…..

Carrier1 Carrier2

8x

MIMO

Carrier n

4x

Coordinated Multipoint

Relaying

• Carrier Bandwidth extension by carrier aggregation • Downlink: Up to 100 MHz bandwidth with 2 Release 8 carriers from different frequency bands • Uplink: Only single band carrier aggregation • New codebook for downlink (DL) 8TX MIMO • Feedback enhancements for DL 2TX/4TX Multiuser MIMO • 2TX/4TX Uplink Single/Multiuser MIMO • Coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP), also known as cooperative system • Receiving transmission from multiple sectors (not necessary visible for UE) • Single Relay Node architecture based on self-backhauling eNB • Simple intercell interference coordination in time domain

Heterogeneous networks

34

• Enhancements for office Femto handovers

RA41202EN60GLA0


Bandwidth Extension by Carrier Aggregation Key Key aspects aspects in in Carrier Aggregation 3GPP 3GPP Rel.10 Rel.10 ….. Carrier1 Carrier2

8x

MIMO

Carrier n

4x



up to 100 MHz

 Flexible component carrier aggregation  different frequency bands  asymmetric in UL/DL

Component Carrier (LTE rel. 8 Carrier)

Mobility


20 MHz

10 MHz

Aggregated BW: 30MHz 20 MHz

300Mbps


35

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

in JuneAggregated 2009 BW: 5x20MHz = 100MHz

Relaying

300Mbps 300Mbps

300Mbps

1.5Gbps

RA41202EN60GLA0


20 MHz

300Mbps

Carrier Aggregation (CA) - High peak data rate of 1 Gbps in downlink and 500 Mbps in uplink can be achieved with bandwidth extension from 20 MHz up to 100 MHz. - Backwards compatibility to Release 8 by combining N Release 8 component carriers to N x LTE bandwidth, for example 5 x 20 MHz = 100 MHz - Old LTE terminals use one carrier, new ones all N Both contiguous and non-contiguous CA is supported offering improved spectrum flexibility (e.g. for refarming).

CA also offers opportunities for autonomous interference management schemes – especially relevant for heterogeneous networks. 36

RA41202EN60GLA0


Carrier Aggregation (CA) – RL50 LTE 1089

CA capable UE

Carrier 1 Carrier 2

37

RA41202EN60GLA0


Carrier Aggregation (CA) – RL60 LTE 1332 RL60 embodiment of Carrier Aggregation functionality •

Primary improvements coming with RL60 LTE1332 feature: • Additional cell bandwidth combinations are supported on top of RL50 band combinations: 5 MHz + 15 MHz 5 MHz + 20 MHz 10 MHz + 15 MHz 10 MHz + 20 MHz 15 MHz + 15 MHz 15 MHz + 20 MHz 20 MHz + 20 MHz

band 1 + band 7 band 4 + band 17 band 2 + band 4 band 5 + band 7 band 2 + band 5 band 7 + band 20 band 2 + band 17B and 4 + band 12 band 3 + band 3 band 3 + band 28 band 3 + band 7 band 4 + band 7 band 3 + band 20band 7 + band 7 band 4 + band 4

20 MHz 20 MHz

RL60 extends maximum possible aggregated bandwidth from 20 MHz (RL50 LTE 1089) to 40 MHz

38

RA41202EN60GLA0

• Support for additional band combinations is provided:

2.6 G 1.8 G

Note that RL60 provides also support for certain intra-band carrier aggregation options – this support was not in place in RL50


Carrier Aggregation (CA) – RL45 LTE 1558

PRIMARY CELL SECONDARY CELL

CA capable UE

Carrier 1 Carrier 2

39

RA41202EN60GLA0


MIMO Extension Key Keyaspects aspects in in 3GPP Rel.10 3GPP Rel.10

Carrier Aggregation

…..

Carrier1 Carrier2

8x

MIMO

Carrier n

4x


Relaying


40

RA41202EN60GLA0


Coordinated Multipoint Transmission (CoMP) Key Keyaspects aspects in in 3GPP Rel.10 3GPP Rel.10

Carrier Aggregation

…..

Carrier1 Carrier2

8x

MIMO


Carrier n

4x

 Cooperation of antennas of multiple

sectors / sites  Interference free by coordinated transmission / reception  Highest performance

COOPERATION Relaying


41

potential

RA41202EN60GLA0

Service Area


Coordinated Multipoint Transmission (CoMP)- LTE1402 • Receive UEs uplink signal by more than one cell • Intra eNB CoMP: cells involved in reception of the UE belong to the same eNB (cells are colocated) • LTE1402: UL inter-cell intra eNB reception + Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) • UL SINR enhancement allows for increased UL throughput on average and cell edge. Gains depend on load and interference conditions in the network • Macro deployment: 8% average* • Hotspot deployment: 12% average* • In LTE1402 up to 2 cells can be selected for UL reception from so called CoMP sets containing up to 3 cells • Cell selection is performed per TTI based on instantaneous SINR measurements • CoMP reception can only be done for PUSCH. Other UL physical channels are received by serving cell antennas. • Cells involved in LTE1402 CoMP sets can only have 2 RX antennas • In LTE1402 Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) algorithm is used for UL reception • FDD: using 1 cell: LTE979 “IRC for 2 RX paths”; using 2 cells: LTE980 “IRC for 4 RX paths” ** • TDD: using 1cell: LTE936 “UL IRC Receiver”; using 2 cells: Enhanced IRC** • LTE1402 is transparent to UEs. All 3GPP Rel. 8 compliant UEs will benefit from this feature. 42

RA41202EN60GLA0


Relaying Key Keyaspects aspects in in 3GPP Rel.10 3GPP Rel.10

Carrier Aggregation

…..

Carrier1 Carrier2

8x

MIMO

Carrier n

4x

 Fast deployment  Coverage with low


infrastructure costs

Relaying


43

RA41202EN60GLA0


Heterogeneous Network Key Key aspects aspects in in 3GPP 3GPP Rel.10 Rel.10Carrier Aggregation …..

Carrier1 Carrier2

8x

MIMO

Carrier n

4x


Relaying


44

RA41202EN60GLA0


Heterogeneous Networks – The Combined Benefit of Wide & Local Area Wide Area sites

Medium area sites

Local area

WLAN

Local area

Macro

Share of sites growing • 100 – 300 m • 1–5W

Micro

Medium area sites

Local area

Local area

Local area

WLAN

WLAN

WLAN

WLAN

Benefits of Multi-Layer Deployment • Coverage improvement from local area cells in edge or shadowed regions • Capacity increase from more transmission points in a given area 45

Majority of cell sites today • > 300 m • > 5 W output power

RA41202EN60GLA0

Share will grow in future • 10 – 100 m, • < 500 mW

Pico, Femto

License exempt growing & Secondary services emerging • 10-100 m • < 100 mW

Tradeoffs involved with Multi-Layer • Co-channel deployment needs no additional spectrum but creates interference between the layers and within the same layer >> this interference needs to be controlled for QoS


Access Points

Why small cells?

46

RA41202EN60GLA0


Focus on LTE Small Cells

47

RA41202EN60GLA0


The evolving role of Small Cells

48

RA41202EN60GLA0


Nokia - LTE EPS_Overview

Recommend Documents