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 )&)ula!e"    2 III855; III855; A" A" 6$"7!$a", a H"$ca H"$ca e a da#'a  ; IV C&#clu"(&      3 V B$*l$&+!a-$a      5.;. •

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A& eu )a$, F!a#c$"c& $# e&!$aG,e  $#6a (e, Lu"a $#6a e")&"a, Ma!$a da Lu=a&" eu" -$l6&"/ Paul& J&!+e, Lu"a C$"$#ae Sa!a Dalu= AKRADECIMENTOS AKRADECIMENTOS D$%e!"a" $#"$u$'e" e )e""&a" a$+a" c&#!$*u!a +!a#dee#e )a!a a!eal$=a'(& de"e !a*al6&, e#!e a" 4ua$" cu)!e de"aca! & eu &!$e#ad&!,P!&- D&u&! F!a#c$"c& T&)a, )el& e"ul&, )ac$#c$a, c&!a+e e ":*$a &!$e#.a'(& O" eu" a+!adec$e#&" e !ecec$e#& "(& a$#da e<e#"$%&"/ A& A& Ce#!& de E"ud&" A-!$ca#&" da U#$%e!"$dade d& P&!& CEAUPG,)ela *!$l6a#e $de$a da c!$a'(&, -&!a de P&!u+al, d& Cu!"& de Me"!ad& Mul$.d$"c$)l$#a! e E"ud&" A-!$ca#&", a -u#c$&#a! e !e+$e  )!e"e#c$al, & 4ue)e!$$u 4ue)e!$$u a %:!$&" e"uda#e" e"uda#e" a-!$ca#&" a-!$ca#&" e! ace""& a ua ua -&!a'(& deP7".K!adua'(& de 4ual$dade e A )!$#c$)al )!$#c$)al !a=(& )a!a a e"c&l6a de"e &*ec& de e"ud& e a %e! c& ac$!cu#"#c$a de "e !aa! de u e<& -u#dad&!/ )a!a al? de "e! & )!$e$!&!&a#ce de e:$ca ca*&.%e!d$a#a, O E"c!a%& e a $)&!#c$a 6$"7!$a dede#u#c$a! )!ec&cee#e a" $#$4u$dade" d& "$"ea e"cla%a+$"a e de "u+e!$!,c& "u+e!$!,c& *a"a#e #$$de=, a $de#$dade ca*&. %e!d$a#a e -&!a'(& e a "ua c&)&.#e#e a-!$ca#a C& u )a#& de -u#d&  )$#ad& de -&!a !eal$"a, !eal$"a, O E"c!a%& d: d: c&#a deu )e!&d& )e!&d& $)&!a#e da

 )&)ula!e"    2 III855; III855; A" A" 6$"7!$a", a H"$ca H"$ca e a da#'a  ; IV C&#clu"(&      3 V B$*l$&+!a-$a      5.;. •

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A& eu )a$, F!a#c$"c& $# e&!$aG,e  $#6a (e, Lu"a $#6a e")&"a, Ma!$a da Lu=a&" eu" -$l6&"/ Paul& J&!+e, Lu"a C$"$#ae Sa!a Dalu= AKRADECIMENTOS AKRADECIMENTOS D$%e!"a" $#"$u$'e" e )e""&a" a$+a" c&#!$*u!a +!a#dee#e )a!a a!eal$=a'(& de"e !a*al6&, e#!e a" 4ua$" cu)!e de"aca! & eu &!$e#ad&!,P!&- D&u&! F!a#c$"c& T&)a, )el& e"ul&, )ac$#c$a, c&!a+e e ":*$a &!$e#.a'(& O" eu" a+!adec$e#&" e !ecec$e#& "(& a$#da e<e#"$%&"/ A& A& Ce#!& de E"ud&" A-!$ca#&" da U#$%e!"$dade d& P&!& CEAUPG,)ela *!$l6a#e $de$a da c!$a'(&, -&!a de P&!u+al, d& Cu!"& de Me"!ad& Mul$.d$"c$)l$#a! e E"ud&" A-!$ca#&", a -u#c$&#a! e !e+$e  )!e"e#c$al, & 4ue)e!$$u 4ue)e!$$u a %:!$&" e"uda#e" e"uda#e" a-!$ca#&" a-!$ca#&" e! ace""& a ua ua -&!a'(& deP7".K!adua'(& de 4ual$dade e A )!$#c$)al )!$#c$)al !a=(& )a!a a e"c&l6a de"e &*ec& de e"ud& e a %e! c& ac$!cu#"#c$a de "e !aa! de u e<& -u#dad&!/ )a!a al? de "e! & )!$e$!&!&a#ce de e:$ca ca*&.%e!d$a#a, O E"c!a%& e a $)&!#c$a 6$"7!$a dede#u#c$a! )!ec&cee#e a" $#$4u$dade" d& "$"ea e"cla%a+$"a e de "u+e!$!,c& "u+e!$!,c& *a"a#e #$$de=, a $de#$dade ca*&. %e!d$a#a e -&!a'(& e a "ua c&)&.#e#e a-!$ca#a C& u )a#& de -u#d&  )$#ad& de -&!a !eal$"a, !eal$"a, O E"c!a%& d: d: c&#a deu )e!&d& )e!&d& $)&!a#e da

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    -&!a 4ue elee#&" le%ad&" )el&" a-!&#e+!&" -&!a a""$$lad&" )el& eu!&)eu, &!#a#d&."e $!!eed$a%ele#e c&u a&" d&$" +!u)&" ?#$c&"1 E""e" e"$'&" *$&l7+$c&" e culu!a$" %$!$a a &cu)a! $)&!a#e" ca!+&" #a "&c$edade, "u*"$u$#d& )&uc& a )&uc& &" 6&e#" *!a#c&" #& c&a#d& da" $l6a" É a""$ 4ue %a&" e#c&#!a! ua el$e e Ca*& Ve!de u$& ced& Wc&)!&e$daX c& a cau"a d& )&%& e d&ada de ua -&!e c&#"c$#c$a da #a'(&, e"& de#!& d& e")a'& c&l&#$al, & 4ue "e !e-lec$!: e d$%e!"a" a#$-e"a'e" "&c$&culu!a$" e l$e!:!$a", a& l&#+& d&" e)&" Pa!a $""& c&#!$*u$u a*? & de"e#%&l%$e#& )!ec&ce d& e#"$#& N&e."e 4ue a $#e#'(& de $#"ala! #& a!4u$)?la+& al+ua" $#"$u$'e" de""e $)& : "e -a=$a "e#$! #&" )!$e$!&" "?cul&" d& )&%&ae#& L&+& e 180, -&$ c!$ad& u "e$#:!$& #a R$*e$!a K!a#de, & 4ual, )&! !a=e" d$%e!"a", #u#ca c6e+a!$a c&#ud& a -u#c$&#a!2 C&& "e!$a de e")e!a!, a I+!ea de"e)e#6&u u )a)el $)&!a#e #& 4ue a#+e  educa'(& d&" ula&" e #e+!&", a!a%?" "&*!eud& da -&!a'(& d&" "ace!d&e" l&ca$", )!&&%$da )&! cl?!$+&" -!a#ce"e" e e"ua" $d&" de P&!u+al É *e cec$da a &*"e!%a'(& d& Pad!e A#7#$& V$e$!a, a4ua#d& da "ua )a""a+e )ela R$*e$!a K!a#de, e 1>12/ 9: a4u$ cl?!$+&" e c7#e+&" (& #e+!&" c&& a=e%$c6e a" (& c&)&"&", (& au&!$=ad&", (& d&u&", (& +!a#de" H"$c&", 1 Culu!a Ca*&.%e!d$a#a/ E#"a$&", L$"*&a, Ve+a, 1331, )) ;. ; 2 Da#$el A PEREIRA, A S$ua'(& da Il6a de Sa#$a+& #& 1Y ua!el d& S?cul& VIII, "@l, I#"$.u& Ca*&.%e!d$a#& d& L$%!&, 13;, ) 8;.1>. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    (& d$"c!e&" e *e &!$+e!ad&", 4ue )&de -a=e! $#%ea" a&" 4ue l: %e&" #a" caed!a$"5 D&" -$#" d& "?cul& VIII a&" ead&" d& "?cul& I, & a!4u$)?la+& ceceu u !a=&:%el de"e#%&l%$e#& e a?!$a de e#"$#& e de )!&&'(& da culu!a, +!a'a", )&! u lad&,  %$7!$a da" $de$a" l$*e!a$" #a Me!7)&le e, )&! &u!&, a ua *u!+ue"$a l&cal : e"cla!ec$da e !e$%$#d$ca$%a N&e."e, a ul& de e -&$ )u*l$cad& u d$)l&a 4ue dee!$#a%a a $#!&du'(& da $)&+!a-$a #& a!4u$)?la+&, & 4ue da!$a &!$+e  c!$a'(&, e 1;2, d& B&le$ O-$c$al d& K&%e!#&.Ke!al de Ca*& Ve!de, $#$c$a$%a de +!a#de alca#ce a %:!$&" #%e$", $#clu"$%e l$e!:!$& ua#& a& e#"$#& )!&)!$ae#e d$&, )&de de"aca!."e a c!$a'(&, e 1;8, da E"c&la P!$#c$)al da B!a%a, 4ue $#$"!a%a & e#"$#& )!$:!$& e "ecu#d:!$& e e"a%a %&cac$&#ada )a!a & a+$"?!$& Ma$" a!de, )&! e<$+#c$a da" -&!'a" %$%a" da P!a$a, %$!$a a "e! !a#"-e!$da )a!a a ca)$al Ta*? #a P!a$a, "e!$a c!$ad&, e 1>0, u L$ceu, & 4ual c&e'&u a -u#c$&#a! #& $#c$& d& a#& "e+u$#e Ou!a $#"$u$'(& $)&!a#e -&$ & Se$#:!$&.L$ceu de S N$c&lau, c!$ad& )el& Dec!e&.

le$ de 5 de See*!& de 1>>,c& & &*ec$%& de -&!a! )ad!e" e de )!e)a!a! 4uad!&" )a!a a %$da c$%$l, a#& e Ca*& Ve!de c&& #a" &u!a" c&l7#$a"  )&!u+ue"a" e -!$ca C& & de"e#%&l%$e#& d& e#"$#&, u$&" lu+a!e" ad$#$"!a$%&" )a""a!a a "e! &cu)ad&" )el&" -$l6&" da e!!a, & 4ue c&#!$*u$  )a!a a -&!a'(& de ua #&%a $#ell$+e#=$a, 4ue acua!: a*? a #%el culu!al e l$e!:!$&, c&& "e % )el&" !a*al6&" )u*l$cad&" #& B&le$ O-$c$al e,  )&"e!$&!e#e, #& Ala#ac6 de Le*!a#'a" Lu"&.B!a"$le$!& É a*? e""e e"c&l de $#elecua$" ca*&.%e!d$a#&" 5 A#7#$& BRSIO, WO Pad!e A#7#$& V$e$!a e a" M$""e" de Ca*& Ve!deX, $# P&!u+al e-!$ca, 2 "?!$e, a#& III, #Y 1, L$"*&a, 13;> c$ad& )&! Da#$el A PEREIRA, &) c$, ) >2G .1. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   4ue $!: )!&&%e! a c!$a'(& de clu*e" e a""&c$a'e" culu!a$" e & de"e#%&l%$e#& da $)!e#"a e"c!$a A""$, : e 11, -&$ c!$ada a B$*l$&eca Nac$&#al da P!a$a Ma$" a!de, e 15, "u!+$!$a & Ka*$#ee de Le$u!a a*? #a e"a c$dade, $#"$u$'(& 4ue de)&$" "e ala!+a!$a a 4ua"e &da" a" $l6a", a+!e+a#d&  "ua %&la +!u)&" u"$ca$" e ea!a$" Mu$a" &u!a" a""&c$a'e" !ec!ea$%a" e culu!a$" %(& "u!+$#d& )&! &d& & a!4u$)?la+& Se+u#d& Ka*!$el Ma!$a#&;, #& )e!&d& c&)!ee#d$d& e#!e 185 e 138, -&!a -u#dada", "7 #a P!a$a, !e=e a""&c$a'e" de""e $)&, e#!e ela" a S&c$edade F$la!7#$ca, a Ju%e#ude, a S&c$edade D!a:$ca d& Tea!& A-!$ca#& &u a A""&c$a'(& I+ualdade Na" &u!a" $l6a", a)a!ece a S&c$edade Rec!ea$%a F!ae!#$dade, a F$la!7#$ca de A!$"a" M$#dele#"e" e & Clu*e Lu"&.*!$#$c&, e S V$ce#e & Clu*e F!ae!#$dade, #& F&+& a S&c$edade Ilu"!ada A-!$ca#a, #& Sal a S&c$edade F!ae!#$dade, e S N$c&lau8 ua#&  $)!e#"a, & )!$e$!&  )e!$7d$c& #(& &-$c$al, & &!#al I#de)e#de#e, c&e'&u a "e! )u*l$cad&, #a P!a$a, a 1 de Ouu*!& de 1, a#e#d& a "ua ac$%$dade a? 13 De ac&!d& c& a c!&#&l&+$a e"a*elec$da )&! F?l$< M&#e$!&>, e"e &!#al a""$#ala a )!$e$!a -a"e da $)!e#"a e Ca*& Ve!de, 4ue "e e"e#de a? 130, alu!a e 4ue -&$  )!&ul+ad& & Dec!e&.le$ de 23 de Ma!'&, 4ue e"a*elece !e"!$'e"  $)!e#"a  )e!$7d$ca De"aca."e, al? d& I#de)e#de#e, ul&" c&& C&!!e$& de Ca*& Ve!de, Ec& de Ca*& Ve!de, I)!e#"a, O P!a$e#"e e P!a$a Nua "e+u#da -a"e, 4ue %a$ de Ja#e$!& de 133 a? a&" )!$e$!&" a#&" ; Ka*!$el Ma!$a#&, &) c$, ) 8 8 I*$de > WA I)!e#"a e Ca*& Ve!deX, $# N&c$a", a#& V, #Y >3, 1332,  )  Pa!a u cec$e#& a$" ca*al d& a""u#&, c- J&(& N&*!e de OLIVEIRA, A I)!e#"a Ca*&.%e!d$a#a/1320.138, Macau, Fu#da'(& de Macau, 133.1. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   d& "?cul& , de"aca."e 4ua!& )u*l$ca'e"/ Re%$"a de Ca*& Ve!de, L$*e!dade,O)$#$(& e E")ec!&, ce#!ada" e M$#del&, e
$)!e#"a e"c!$a -&!a dec$"$%&" )a!a a -&!a'(& de ua c&#"c$#c$a #ac$&#al e )a!a aee!+#c$a )&"e!$&! de ua #a'(& ca*&.%e!d$a#a A l$e!au!a "e!: u !e-le<&)!$%$le+$ad& de""e )!&ce""& II2 O -e#7e#& e"cla%a+$"a e Ca*& Ve!de O -e#7e#& e"cla%a+$"a e Ca*& Ve!de dec&!!e, a#e" de a$", da  )&"$.'(& +e&e"!a?+$ca d& a!4u$)?la+&, 4ue -e= c& 4ue, de"de ced&, a R$*e$!aK!a#de, #a $l6a de Sa#$a+&, e#6a -u#c$&#ad& c&& e#!e)&"& c&e!c$al ee"cla%a+$"a, "e!%$#d& de )&#& de a)!&%$"$&#ae#& )a!a a" ca!a%ela" !a#"a.l#$ca" J: a ca!a !?+$a de 1;>> au&!$=a%a &" &!ad&!e" de Sa#$a+& a -a=e! &c&?!c$& de e"c!a%&" a& l&#+& da c&"a da Ku$#?, & 4ue !e)!e"e#a%a u$#ce#$%& a& )&%&ae#& da $l6a e d& a!4u$)?la+& C&& ? "a*$d&, e"a #(& e!aua )!:$ca e
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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   e"cla%a+$"a O "eu de"e#%&l%$e#& e<)l$ca."e )ela" #ece""$dade" da c&l&#$=a.'(&, a" a*? )el& !e#d$e#& 4ue )!&)&!c$&#a%a/ W& !:-$c& de e"c!a%&"e!a (& !e#d&"& 4ue c&!a%a )ela *a"e 4ua"e &da" a" e#a$%a" )a!a "e de"e#.%&l%e!e &u!&" $)&" de c&?!c$&X A)7" a de"c&*e!a da" A#$l6a", Ca*& Ve!de &!#&u."e u +!a#de e#!e.)&"& d& c&?!c$& de e"c!a%&" Na $l6a de Sa#$a+&, u$&" e"c!a%&" )a""a%a)el& )!&ce""& de lad$#$=a'(&, u )!&+!aa #$& de Weduca'(&X 4ue c&#"$".$a #& e#"$#& de !ud$e#&" de cae4ue"e e de l#+ua )&!u+ue"a E"a )!:$caaca*a )&! c&#du=$!  d$"$#'(& e#!e d&$" $)&" de e"c!a%&"/ & e"c!a%& lad$#&,4ue )a""a!a )ela !e-e!$da a)!e#d$=a+e e : e"a%a u a#& aculu!ad&, e#d&)&! $""& u %al&! a$&! e & e"c!a%& *&'al, 4ue #(& e#d& $d& e""a &)&!u#$.dade, e!a c&#"$de!ad& $#-e!$&! De)&$" de ua l&#+a -a"e de )ua#'a, & c&?!c$& de e"c!a%&" c&e'a!: a"e! c&#e"ad& e a "e! &*ec& de eca#$"&" le+a$" 4ue %$"a, )!$e$!&, c&#. !&l:.l& e, a$" a!de, e!!ad$c:.l& A)e"a! d$""&, P&!u+al "e!: u d&" )a"e"4ue  )e!"$"$!: a? a!de #& !:-$c& cla#de"$#& E Ca*& Ve!de, de ac&!d& c&A#7#$& Ca!!e$!a, a)e"a! da" ed$da" )!&$*$$%a" c&& &" !aad&" de 1183 e1;210 e & Dec!e& de 15>11G e da %$+$l#c$a c&#"a#e, "7 e 18> "e c&#clu$u  R&la#d OLIVER e J D FAKE, B!e%e 9$"7!$a de -!$ca, L$"*&a, S: da C&"a, 130, ) 181  Ca*& Ve!de/ F&!a'(& e e<$#'(& de ua "&c$edade e"c!a%&c!aa 1;>0.1G, c$, )) 55.5; 3 A""$#ad& e#!e a I#+lae!!a e P&!u+al, )!&$*$a & c&?!c$& e !:-$c& de e"c!a%&" #a" )&"."e""e" )&!u+ue"a" a& #&!e d& E4uad&! a?  a*&l$'(& +e!al e -$#al da e"c!a%au!a 10 Re-&!'a%a a  )!&$*$'(& e -$"cal$=a'(& d& c&?!c$& e !:-$c& cla#de"$#& de e"c!a%&","&*!eud&  )&! )a!e de e")a#67$" e )&!u+ue"e", e")ec$ale#e #& B!a"$l e #a" A#$l6a" 11 Dee!$#a%a a $#e$!a e c&)lea a*&l$'(& d& !:-$c& da e"c!a%au!a #&" d&#$&" )&!.u+ue"e".20. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   & $#%e#:!$& #&!al d&" e"c!a%&", #u )!&ce""& 4ue %$"a%a a l$*e!a'(& d&"4ue e!a )!&)!$edade d& E"ad& e a )!e)a!a'(& )a!a a ce""a'(& de-$#$$%a da"e!%$d(& E*&!a a*&l$da -&!ale#e, a e"c!a%au!a )e!"$"$!$a a$#da a?1 12 , de!!&ada )ela )!e""(& u#d$al e )ela" "uce""$%a" !e%&la" da" "ua"%$a" II5 9$"&!$al "u:!$& da l$e!au!a e Ca*& Ve!de S$ua#d&."e

a "ua -a"e de -&!a'(& #a "e+u#da eade d& "?cul& I, al$e!au!a ca*&. %e!d$a#a aca*a!: )&! a-$!a!."e a$" ced& d& 4ue a4u$l& 4ue "e%e!$-$c&u #a" &u!a" c&l7#$a" )&!u+ue"a" de -!$ca E<)!$$#d&."e a$&!$a.!$ae#e e l#+ua )&!u+ue"a, e%e c&& )!$e$!& e")a'& )!$%$le+$ad& ded$%ul+a'(& a"  ):+$#a" de &!#a$", !e%$"a" e ala#a4ue", & 4ue a*? auda ac&)!ee#de! a  )!e%al#c$a da )&e"$a "&*!e a )!&"a de -$c'(& A l#+ua #ac$&#al,& c!$&ul&, a*? de"de ced& c&e'&u a "e! u"ada c&& l#+ua l$e!:!$a, #u)!&ce""& 4ue "e -&$ $#e#"$-$ca#d& e 4ue "e a#? a? 6&e Pa!a al? de J&"?E%a!$"& d’Ale$da, -$=e!a.#& &u -a=e.#& au&!e" (& d$%e!"&" c&& Eu+?.#$& Ta%a!e", Ped!& Ca!d&"&, Ma#uel Ve$+a, Za&*e!d$a#& Da*a!:, S?!+$&F!u"&#$, O%d$& Ma!$#", A#& N&*&, T&? Va!ela, Ea#uel B!a+a Ta%a!e",Eu!$cle" R&d!$+ue", Za[: Ba!*&"a &u Zal$&"!& F$dal+& A)a!ece#d& "&* & "$+#& d& R&a#$"&, a )!$e$!a -a"e da l$e!au!aca*&.%e!d$a#a !e%ela a*? u -&!e  )e#d&! cl:""$c& 4ue e *&a )a!e "e 12 A 2 de A*!$l de 18, dec!e&u."e a a*&l$'(& de-$#$$%a da e"c!a%$d(& a %$+&!a! #& a#&"e+u$#e, "e+u$da da uela )&! d&$" a#&", du!a#e &" 4ua$" &" a#$+&" l$*e!&" de%e!$a "e!c&#!aad&", e#d&  )!e-e!#c$a #e""e" c&#!a&" &" a#$+&" "e#6&!e" .21. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   de%e a& &del& de educa'(& )!a$cad& )el& Se$#:!$&.L$ceu de S N$c&lauAu&!e" c&& Ped!& M&#e$!& Ca!d&"& &u J&"? L&)e" "(& d$""&  *& e0 d& "?cul& )a""ad& E""e &e#& de %$!a+ec&e'a c& & +!u)& c&#"$ud& e &!#& da !e%$"a Cla!$dade, -u#dada  )&!Bala=a! L&)e", J&!+e Ba!*&"a e Ma#uel L&)e" e 135>, "&* & lea de W-$#ca!&" )?" #a e!!aX C&)!&e$da c& a e!!a e & 6&e ca*&.%e!d$a#&", e"a 15 Ped!& M&#e$!& Ca!d&"&, 9e")?!$da"/ F!a+e#&" de u )&ea )e!d$d& e !$"e e $"e!a#d&#au-!:+$&, V$la N&%a de Faal$c(&, T$)&+!a-$a WM$#e!%aX, 1350.22. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   +e!a'(& "$#+ula!$=a."e )el& !aae#& de ea" c&& a "eca, a -&e, a e$+!a.'(&, & a! A ul& de e
ce#:!$& !:+$c& de -&e\ G O eu de"$#& O eu de"$#& "e$ l:\ V$%e! "e)!e %e!+ad& "&*!e a e!!a, a #&""a e!!a, )&*!e $#+!aa .25. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    4ue!$da\1; E"a l$#6a e:$ca, 4ue de ce!& &d& : %$#6a da +e!a'(& a#e!$&!, a#.e!."e.: a? a&" a#&" >0, a)e"a! d& a)a!ec$e#& de +!u)&" c& &u!a" &!$e#a.'e" e"?$ca", c&#"$ud&" e &!#& de )u*l$ca'e" de %$da e-?e!a, c&&Ce!e=a 13;;G, Su)lee#& Culu!al 138G &u Sel7 13>2G O )!$e$!& +!u)&, "u!.+$d& #& c&#e<& da II Kue!!a Mu#d$al, ? $#-lue#c$ad& )el& #e&.!eal$"& )&!.u+u" Su)lee#& Culu!al ace#ua & e6&" a-!$ca#& da culu!a ca*&.%e!d$a#a,e"a#d& al+u#" d&" "eu" c&la*&!ad&!e" l$+ad&" a&" &%$e#&" de l$*e!a'(&da" e<.c&l7#$a" )&!u+ue"a" Sel7 ace#ua e""a &!$e#a'(& c&*a$%a, a#& a$"4ue #a"ce 4ua#d& a +ue!!a de l$*e!a'(& : 6a%$a ecl&d$d& e A#+&la Ou!& +!a#de &e#& e e!&" de &!$e#a'(& e:$ca e e"?$.c&.$de&l&+$ca ? & )e!&d& 4ue %a$ da d?cada de 0 a?  acual$dade, d&$#ad&)el&" e-e$&" da $#de)e#d#c$a e )el&" e"-&!'&" de c&#"!u'(& d& E"ad&Al+ua" da" )u*l$ca'e" l$e!:!$a" a$" $)&!a#e" de"a -a"e "(& Ra=e", P&#&] V$!+ula, F!a+e#&", A!$le!a &u P!?.e<&" P&de&" a*? de"aca! a$)&!#c$a d& M&%$e#& P!7.Culu!a, 4ue acu&u e &d& & )a" e, +!a'a" a&"eu )lu!al$"& e"?$c&.$de&l&+$c&, )e!$$u ua c&#%$%#c$a e-ec$%a e#!e%:!$a" +e!a'e", !eu#$#d& #&e" (& d$%e!"&" c&& Da%$d e J&"? Lu" 9&)--e!Alada, T&? Va!ela, M:!$& LHc$& de S&u"a, Vad$#6& Vel6$#6&, J&"? Cu#6a,F$l$#& El"$&, Al*e!& L&)e", J&"? Lu" Ta%a!e", Eu!$cle" R&d!$+ue", A#7#$&de N?%ada, C#d$d& de Ol$%e$!a, J&"? A#7#$& L&)e", Eu+?#$& L&)e", J&!+eCa!l&" F&#"eca, Va"c& Ma!$#", Ol$%e$!a Ba!!&", Ve!a Dua!e, D$#a SalH"$&,A#7#$& S$l%a R&4ue &u Tale" de Sa#a#a 1; WI!(&X, $# A*$e#e, P!a$a, T$) M$#e!%a de Ca*& Ve!de, 13;1.2;. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    Fe$a a$" de a)!&-u#dae#&" 4ue de !u)u!a", a e%&lu'(& da l$e!au!aca*&.%e!d$a#a ? ua )a!e $)&!a#e d& )!&ce""& de cec$e#& d& a!4u$.)?la+& e de c&#"!u'(& da #a'(&/ ua #a'(& e"$'a, de a!$= du)la, eu!&)e$ae a-!$ca#a II51 O" )!$7!d$&" da -$c'(& e Ca*& Ve!de E": a$#da )&! -a=e! ua %e!dade$!a 6$"7!$a da l$e!au!a ca*&.%e!d$a#a &uda l$e!au!a e Ca*& Ve!de, "e#d& )a!$cula!e#e #&7!$a a -ala de !a*al6&"&#&+!:-$c&" "&*!e &" "eu" )!$7!d$&" 9: a$#da u +!a#de #He!& de au&.!e" e e<&"  e")e!a de "e!e !e"+aad&" d& )7 da" *$*l$&eca" e a!4u$%&", "e& 4ue a e%&lu'(& da l$e!au!a d& a!4u$)?la+& #(& )&de!: "e! de%$dae#ec&)!ee#d$da I""& auda a c&)!ee#de! 4ue du!a#e u$& e)& "e e#6a )e#"ad& 4uea l$e!au!a ca*&.%e!d$a#a $#6a "u!+$d& a)e#a" c& a Cla!$dade e 4ue C6$4u$#6&,de Bala"a! L&)e", -&!a & )!$e$!& !&a#ce 9&e c&#ud&, +!a'a" a& !a*al6&de $#%e"$+ad&!e" a$" !ece#e", c&& Ma#uel Fe!!e$!a, A!#ald& F!a#'a, Al*e!.& de Ca!%al6&, 9elde! Ka!e" &u F?l$< M&#e$!&, "a*e&" 4ue & !a*al6&de""a +e!a'(& -&$ )!eced$d& de ua $)&!a#e -a"e de -&!a'(& 4ue %e da"e+u#da eade d& "?cul& a#e!$&! e 4ue -$c&u d$")e!"a )&! &!#a$", !e%$"a" e)u*l$ca'e" de c$!cula'(& !e"!$a J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da -&$ a""$ $de#$-$cad& c&& au&! d& )!$e$!&!&a#ce de e:$ca ca*&.%e!d$a#a, O E"c!a%&, )u*l$cad& e L$"*&a, e 18>U )&uc&

a#e", #& $#c$& da d?cada, A#7#$a Ke!!ude" Pu"$c6 108.15G,#au!al da $l6a de S N$c&lau, $#6a )u*l$cad& e L$"*&a, )!$e$!& #a A""e*le$aL$e!:!$a e de)&$" e A Be#e-$c#c$a, u !&a#ce de a&! $)$cae#e !&#$. .28. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   c& $#$ulad& D&$" M$"?!$&" 18  E 1>, e Ma-!a, Ku$l6e!e Da#a"1;3.1G d: a& )!el& a c&lec#ea C&#&" S$#+el&" J: #& "?cul& , & &!#alA V&= de Ca*& Ve!de 1311.1313G )u*l$ca!$a #ue!&"&" e<&" de -$c'(&, "e#d&)&""%el de"aca! A#7#$& A!ea+a de#!e &" "eu" au&!e" P&uc& "$+#$-$ca$%a d& )&#& de %$"a 4ua#$a$%&, a )!&"a de -$c'(& e":c&#ud&  )!e"e#e #a -a"e de -&!a'(& da l$e!au!a ca*&.%e!d$a#a, ca*e#d& a OE"c!a%& de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da & ul& de )!$e$!& !&a#ce II; C&#e<ual$=a'(& d& au&! e da &*!a II;1 V$da e &*!a de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da O )&uc& 4ue "e "a*e da %$da de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da -&$ a)u!ad& )&!Ma#uel Fe!!e$!a e e": c&#$d& #a WN&c$aX 4ue ac&)a#6a a 2 ed$'(& de OE"c!a%&1> E c&#%e!"a" c& de"ce#de#e" d& au&!, )^de & $#%e"$+ad&! a)u.!a! 4ue E%a!$"& d’Ale$da e!: #a"c$d& e P&!u+al, #& "?cul& I, e -alec$d&#a Ku$#?.B$""au #& $#c$& d& "?cul& "e+u$#e, de"cece#d&."e c&#ud& a"daa" e &" l&ca$"  )!ec$"&" de #a"c$e#& e &!e I#-&!a a$#da Ma#uel Fe!!e$.!a 4ue & !&a#c$"a e"e%e !ad$cad& e Ca*& Ve!de du!a#e u$&" a#&", ade$ L$#da.a.Vel6a, ALAC, 133.2>. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   "e!$a !e&ad&", c& #&%&" elee#&"  a 4ue -a!e&" !e-e!#c$a a$" -!e#e  )&! J&(& N&*!e de Ol$%e$!a1 ua#&  &*!a, & #&""& au&! -$ca!$a cec$d& c&& au&! de O E"c!a%&,c& 4ue $#au+u!a!$a & !&a#ce e Ca*& Ve!de A ed$'(& &!$+$#al "a$u eL$"*&a, e 18> 1 F&l6a de !&"& da 1 ed$'(& de O E"c!a%& 1 A I)!e#"a Ca*&.%e!d$a#a/ 1320.138, c$,  ) >31 1 N(& ? e, a& #Y 23;, de 21 de Ma$& de131 C&& de$
d$a#a20, a& )a""& 4ue Ma#uel Ve$+a e"c!e%e 4ue WSe #(& $%?""e&" a)!e#d$d&4ue ele e!a )&!u+u", #7", de)&$" da le$u!a de O E"c!a%&, #(& e!a&" dH%$da""&*!e a "ua ca*&%e!d$a#$dadeX 21 Ta*? #& B!a"$l, a &*!a e "$d& &*ec&de ae#'(& 4ual$-$cada, e#d& &!$+$#ad& !ece#ee#e dua" e"e" de e"!ad&22,#a U#$%e!"$dade de S(& Paul&, "&* &!$e#a'(& d& P!&- 9elde! Ka!e" Pa!a al? d& !&a#ce, J&"? E%a!$"& de Ale$da )u*l$c&u a*?,  )el&e#&", !" )&ea" O" d&$" )!$e$!&" -&!a $de#$-$cad&" )&! Al*e!& de 13 WE%&lu'(& da L$e!au!a ca*&.%e!d$a#aX, $# De"c&*e!a da" Il6a" de Ca*& Ve!de, P!a$a,A9N, 133, ) 215 20 WN&c$aX, $# O E"c!a%&, ed c$ de 133, )  21 WUa le$u!a )lu!alX, P!e-:c$& a O E"c!a%&, ed c$, ) 2; 22 Fa*!$=$a de S&u=a Ca!!$&, A Bu"ca da Ade4ua'(& e#!e F&!a" L$e!:!$a" e M&e#& 9$"7!$c&/U e"ud& c&)a!a$%& e#!e WO Kua!a#$X de J&"? de Ale#ca! e WO e"c!a%&X de J&"? E%a!$"& de Ale$da,S(& Paul&, Faculdade de F$l&"&-$a, Le!a" e C$#c$a" 9ua#a" da USP, 200 Cl:ud$a Be!#a!.dee Ve$+a de ALMEIDA, WO e"c!a%&X/ E#!e a $de#$dade ca*&%e!d$a#a e a l$e!au!a eu!&)?$a, S(& Paul&,Faculdade de F$l&"&-$a, Le!a" e C$#c$a" 9ua#a" da USP, 2003.2. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   Ca!%al6&25 #a" ):+$#a" d& B&le$ O-$c$al d& K&%e!#&. Ke!al de Ca*& Ve!de/ "(& e<.&" de l&u%&! a& K&%e!#ad&! ce""a#e, F!a#c$"c& de Paula Ba"&", )u*l$cad&"#&" #&" 108 e 10> d& B&le$, e 8 e 12 de Jul6& de 1;8 Cl:ud$a Ale$da2;!a#"c!e%eu a "e+u#da de""a" c&)&"$'e", a-$!a#d& c&#ud& 4ue "e !aa%ad& H#$c& )&ea d& au&! See a#&" de)&$", e 18228, & #&""& au&! )u*l$ca )ela I)!e#"a Nac$&.#al, u -&l6e& $#.Y de   ):+$#a", c&#e#d& u )&ea $#$ulad& WE)"&la a```X O e<& e": daad& de L$"*&a, 28 de Fe%e!e$!& de 182 e ? c&)&"& edeca""la*& *!a#c&, a)!e"e#a#d& e"!&-a'(& $!!e+ula! De"c!e%e u ac&#ec$.e#& )H*l$c& ded$cad&  )&*!e=a, )!&&%$d& )&! u $#d$%du& de a)el$d&Kuede", #& 4ual  )a!$c$)a!a & a$+& a 4ue & )&ea "e d$!$+e A*&" e!$ac&#%e!"ad& e e)&" "&*!e & a""u#&, "u*l$#6a#d& a "ua $)&!#c$a, 4ueu"$-$ca!$a u  )&ea de l&u%&! N(& e#d& )a!$cula! $#e!e""e l$e!:!$&, &)&ea -&!#ece c&#ud& al+ua" $)&!a#e" $#d$ca'e" au&*$&+!:-$ca", #(&&*"e!%ada" )&! Ma#uel Fe!!e$!a/ T!e" lu"!&" "7 c&#a%a, e : da Pa!$a O" *e#?-$c&" a!’" e #(& "&!!$a Na" a-!$ca#a" )la+a" de-$#6a%a A a$" *ella )&!'(& da u%e#ude P&! c&#"a#e d&e#'a a&!e#ad&, 25 WD& Cla""$c$"& a& Real$"& #a Cla!$dadeX, $# Cae"  Re%$"a de Le!a" e Culu!a"Lu"7-&#a", #Y 1, A*!$l.Ju#6& de 133, L$"*&a, I#"$u& Cae", ) 50 #&a 28G 2; O) c$, )) 108.10 28 N(& ? )&$" c&!!eca a $#-&!a'(& de Ma#uel Fe!!e$!a WDad&" *$*l$&+!:-$c&"X, $# OE"c!a%&, ed c$, ) 3G, 4ue d: a E)"&la c&& )u*l$cada #& e"& a#& e 4ue "a$u O E"c!a%& .23. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    V$a, e 7c$&, dec!e"ce! &" *ell&" d$a", ue )&d?!a a)!&%e$a!  )ul$#d& & e#+e#6& ) 2G Ma$"  -!e#e, e#c&#!a&" ua !e-e!#c$a e<)lc$a a Ca*& Ve!de, a& "euca-? e a& "eu )&%&/ Fu$ e! a& *&e4u$, a ca!$dade A $#6a e#!ada al$ a*? )ed$a Reclae$ de ca-? )e4ue#a a'a, E, al &" la*$&" eu" &ca!a #’elle, L&+& & !ecec$, c&& &!$u#d& D’$l6a" de Ca*& Ve!de, &#de eu  )a""a!a U#" d&=’a##&" de *e c&"&"a %$da Recec$.& )&!4ue, "e #(& (&

-&!e, E a!&a e "a*&! #(& cede a& &[a O ca-? e le%&u a edea" !$"e"/ Le*!e$.e d’e""e )&%& e$+& e d7c$l, A 4ue, a$" d’ua )!a+a, & c?u a#d:!a ue lua c& a )e"e, a -&e e a "cca ue )!ec$"a, e u"  ca!$dade\ )) ;.8G C& *a"e #e"e" dad&", )&de&" d$=e! 4ue E%a!$"& d’Ale$da e!: $d& dae!7)&le )a!a -!$ca  e%e#uale#e )a!a Ca*& Ve!de   c& 4u$#=e a#&",e#d& %$%$d& d&=e a#&" #& a!4u$)?la+& E Fe%e!e$!& de 182, e"a!$a e L$".*&a, c&#a#d& )el& e#&" 2 a#&", & 4ue "$ua!$a & "eu #a"c$e#& #u#cade)&$" de 128 e &!#a!$a $)!&%:%el a $#-&!a'(& 4ue e"a*elece & "eu -ale.c$e#& : #& "?cul& "e+u$#e Al? d$""&, "e c&#"$de!a!&" 4ue & e)& da.50. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   #a!!a'(& e O E"c!a%& ? )&"e!$&! e "e$" a#&" a& e)& da #a!!a$%a, "$ua#.d&."e a""$ e 1;1, "e!e&" -&!'ad&" a !ecua! a$#da a$" a" daa" de #a"c$.e#& e de &!e F&l6a de !&"& d& -&l6e& de 182 N(& !a=e#d& dad&" #&%&" 4ua#& a e""a 4ue"(&, J&(& N&*!e de Ol$%e$.!a 2> ac!e"ce#a c&#ud& &u!a" $#-&!a'e" de +!a#de $#e!e""e Se+u#d& & 2> O) c$, ) >31 .51. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   $#%e"$+ad&!, E%a!$"& d’Ale$da -&$ e"c!$%(& e -u#c$&#:!$& da Fa=e#da, c&l&.cad& e Ca*& Ve!de )el& e#&" de"de 1 de Jul6& de 1;, daa da "ua#&ea'(& c&& O-$c$al de C&#ad&!$a Ke!al de Ca*& Ve!de Al? d$""&, -&$!edac&! d& B&le$ O-$c$al d& K&%e!#&.+e!al de Ca*& Ve!de, e#d& a*? "$d&ele$&, e 1;, de)uad& )el& a!4u$)?la+& " c&!e" de L$"*&a A)e"a! da" lacu#a" #a !ec&#"$u$'(& da *$&+!a-$a d& #&""& au&!, &" ele.e#&" d$")&#%e$" )e!$e.#&" "$u:.l& de -&!a !a=&a%ele#e )!ec$"a,&"!a#d& c& cla!e=a & "eu c&)!&$""& c& Ca*& Ve!de II;2 E#4uad!ae#& l$e!:!$& e 6$"7!$c& d& !&a#ce Pu*l$cad& e 18>  a" e"c!$&, a a%al$a! )ela -&l6a de !&"& da ed$'(&&!$+$#al, d&$" a#&" a#e" , & !&a#ce O E"c!a%& "$ua. "e #a e"?$ca !&#$ca,$#!&du=$da e P&!u+al )&! Ka!!e e 128, c& a  )u*l$ca'(& de Cae" eD B!a#ca, e #& B!a"$l e 15>, c& a )u*l$ca'(& de Su")$!&" P&?$c&" e Saudade",de D&$#+&" J&"? K&#'al%e" de Ma+al6(e" Se, a #%el eu!&)eu, a c&!!e#e !&#$ca "e de"e#%&l%eu c& ca!ace!"$.ca" a$" &u e#&" c&u#" " %:!$a" l$e!au!a" #ac$&#a$"  c& e")ec$al de".a4ue )a!a & #ac$&#al$"&, a %al&!$=a'(& d& eu, & "u*ec$%$"&, & "e#$e#a.l$"&, & e<&$"&, a l$*e!dade da -&!a , : #& B!a"$l a""u$u c&#&!#&" ua#& d$-e!e#e", dada a c$!cu#"#c$a de a ee!+#c$a de"a e"?$ca e! c&$#c$.d$d& c& & al%&!ece! da #ac$&#al$dade Rec&!de."e 4ue & $#d$a#$"&, #a 2-a"e, e & ea d& #e+!& e da e"c!a%au!a, #a 5, "(& d&" !a'&" a$" a!ca#e"e a$"  )ecul$a!e" d& !&a#$"& *!a"$le$!&, e#d& c&& !e)!e"e#a#e" :<$.&", !e")ec$%ae#e, J&"? de Ale#ca! e Ca"!& Al%e" Al? d$""&, c&& -&!.a a*? de c&*ae! a 6e+e&#$a culu!al )&!u+ue"a, a l$e!au!a  *!a"$le$!a)a""a a ac&l6e! &u!a" $#-lu#c$a", "&*!eud&, a -!a#ce"a.52. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    É #e"e c&#e<& de !e#&%a'(& e"?$ca e $de&l7+$ca 4ue

J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da $!: )u*l$ca! ua &*!a $#&%ad&!a e $#au+u!al/ "$ua#d& O E"c!a%& #u e")a'&  +e&+!:-$c& e "&c$al  4ue a? e#(& #(& $%e!a c$dada#$a l$e!:!$a, & au&!, a$" d& 4ue da! $#c$&  -$c'(& e Ca*& Ve!de, d: u "?!$& c&#!$*u& )a!a a c&#"!u'(& da" *a"e" d& 4ue %$!: a "e! a l$e!au!a #ac$&#al ca*&.%e!d$a#a Recu"a#d& a %$a d& e<&$"& $#c&#"e4ue#e, E%a!$"& d’Ale$da ca)a c& !$+&! &" a")ec&" a$" $)&!a#e" da $de#$dade ca*&. %e!d$a#a e -&!a'(&, "u*l$#6a a "ua -acea e"$'a e de"aca a $)&!#c$a da c&)&#e#e a-!$ca#a, a& e"& e)& 4ue -a= ua a)&"a e"?$c&.$de&l7+$ca de ele%ad& !$"c&/ a!$*u$! & )a)el de 6e!7$".)!&a+&#$"a" a ua du)la !&#$ca -&!ada )&! ua e"$'a e )&! u #e+!& e"c!a%& Ma$" a$#da/ cede#d& e*&!a a& +&"& !&#$c& e u"a#d& u d$"cu!"& 4ue, 6&e, #&" )a!ece " %e=e" edulc&!ad&, de#u#c$a c& cla!e=a &" a*u"&" da e"c!a%au!a e a" -al6a" d& &del& c&l&#$al I)&!a a$#da "u*l$#6a! 4ue, #& 4uad!& da l$e!au!a e l#+ua  )&!u+ue"a c&#"$de!a#d& )&$" a )!&du'(& l$e!:!$a #a" &u!a" c&l7#$a"  )&!u+ue"a" e #& B!a"$l , e"a ? ua &*!a "e )a!alel& #a "ua ?)&ca ua#& a& e#4uad!ae#& 6$"7!$c&, de%e&" c&e'a! )&! c6aa! a ae#'(& )a!a a"  )a!$cula!$dade" da -&!a'(& "&c$al d& a!4u$)?la+& de Ca*& Ve!de e, e  )a!$cula!, da" $l6a" de Sa#$a+& e F&+& N& "?cul& I, & e"ca""& c&#$#+e#e eu!&)eu ? -&!ad& )&! u !edu=$d& #He!& de $$+!a#e" l$%!e", )&! u !a=&:%el c&#$#+e#e de $$+!a#e" -&!'ad&"  de+!edad&" e e<$lad&" )&l$c&"   e )el&" al&" -u#c$&#:!$&" da ad$#$"!a'(& c&l&#$al, 4ua"e "e)!e de  )a""a+e 9: a*? u )e4ue#& #He!& de *!a#c&" #a"c$d&" #a" $l6a" e u #He!& c!e"ce#e de ula&", al+u#" c& ele%ada )&"$'(& "&c$al, -!u& da educa'(& a 4ue %(& e#d& ace""& e +!a'a" a*?  )&l$ca l&cal de ca"ae#&" A a$&!$a da )&)ula'(& e!a c&#ud& c&#"$uda )&! #e+!&", u#" #a"c$d&" •

ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   #a" $l6a", &u!&" !a=$d&" d& c&#$#e#e, "e#d& & #He!& de l$*e!&" *a"a#e c&#"$de!:%el2 De -ac&, #& )e!&d& e cau"a, "e+u#d& A#7#$& Ca!!e$!a, & #He!& de ula&" e de #e+!&", l$*e!&" &u #a"c$d&" l$%!e", al%e= "e e#6a a)!&<$ad& &u a? "u)la#ad& & de e"c!a%&" V:!$&" -a&!e"  )&de!(& e<)l$ca!a "$ua'(&, a c&e'a! )ela !e-!ac'(& #a e#!ada de #&%&" c&#$#+e#e", de%$d&,)&! u lad&,  c!7#$ca de)!e""(& c&e!c$al e ec$ca da" $l6a" e, )&! &u!&," d$-$culdade" !e"ula#e" d& c&*ae a& !:-$c&, 4ue )a""a a e"a! &!$e#ad&)a!a &" e!cad&" e 4ue a (&.de.&*!a e!a a$" *e )a+a Ou!& a")ec& $)&!a#e da "&c$edade ca*&.%e!d$a#a e a %e! c& a" "u*le%a'e" e !e%&la", 4ue &c&!!e c& al+ua -!e4u#c$a a& l&#+& d& "?cul& I, e#d& u $)ac& "$+#$-$ca$%& De ac&!d& c& A#7#$& Ca!!e$!a2,al+u#" de""e" ac&#ec$e#&" "(& !e-le<& da a+$a'(& )&l$ca %$%$da #a e!7)&le a  )a!$! de 120, c& & c&#-!&#& e#!e c&#"$uc$&#al$"a" e a*"&lu$"a" Ou!&" -ac&!e" $)&!a#e" "(& a !ece""(& ec$ca da" $l6a", &" -!e4ue#e" )e!&d&" de "eca e de -&e, a acua'(& e $#-lu#c$a d&" de+!edad&" e a decad#c$a e e<$#'(& d& &!+ad$& E "#e"e, ? e"e & c&#e<& 4ue e#4uad!a O E"c!a%&, u !&a#ce 4ue e c&& ce#:!$& )!$#c$)al a $l6a de Sa#$a+&, a" cu& &l6a! %ale, )&! "$#?d&4ue, )a!a & c&#u#& d& a!4u$)?la+&, #ua ?)&ca e 4ue & -$ d& !e+$e e"cla%a+$"a e": )!7<$& e &" "$#a$" da ee!+#c$a de ua culu!a e de ua #a'(& c!$&ula" "(& : $#d$"-a!':%e$" E"e" a")ec&" $!(& "e! a*&!dad&", c& a$" )&!e#&!, #& )!7<$& ca)ul& 2 C- A#7#$& CARREIRA, Ca*&

Ve!de/ F&!a'(& e e<$#'(& de ua "&c$edade e"c!a%&c!aa1;>0.1G, c$, ) 50; 2 I*$de, )) 58;.5>2.5;. •

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III UMA LEITURA DE O ESCRAVO III1 Ac'(& @ I#!$+a III11 Ac'(& E #a!!a&l&+$a, WG a ac'(& de%e "e! e#e#d$da c&& u )!&ce""& dede"e#%&l%$e#& de e%e#&" "$#+ula!e", )&de#d& &u #(& c&#du=$! a u de"e#.lace $!!e%e!"%elX1 N& !&a#ce de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da, a ac'(& ce#!al ? a6$"7!$a de J&(&, u e"c!a%& c& u e"au& e")ec$al 4ue "e a)a$<&#a )&!Ma!$a, a "ua &%e "e#6&!a, &!#a#d&."e a""$ du)lae#e e"c!a%& E""a )a$.<(&, de c&#c!e$=a'(& $)&""%el #ua "&c$edade e"c!a%&c!aa  e"& "e#.d& & e"c!a%& d&?"$c& e e"c&la!$=ad& e a "e#6&!a e"$'a , "u"c$a a &)&"$.'(& )&! )a!e d&" )!7)!$&" c&#+?#e!e" d&  )!&a+&#$"a/ de Lu$=a, a*?e"c!a%a d&?"$ca, 4ue e": a)a$<&#ada )&! J&(&, e*&!a "7 u$& d$""$ula.dae#e "e a!e%a a !e%ela! & 4ue "e#e de JHl$a, (e 6: )&uc& !ee#c&#!ada,4ue al$e#a ace"& de"e& de %$#+a#'a e !ela'(&  -al$a de Ma!$a, dad& 4uea ela )e!e#c$a & "e#6&! 4ue a al!a&u e a &d&" &" 4ue l6e e!a 4ue!$d&" E !ed&! da ac'(& ce#!al, +$!a %:!$a" &u!a", "ecu#d:!$a" a" c&$)l$ca'e" #a )!$e$!a, a#& d& )&#& de %$"a d$e+?$c& 4ua#& "$*7l$c&A" a$" $)&!a#e" "(& a 6$"7!$a de K&e"ea##e, c&#ada  )el& e"c!a%&D&$#+&" #ua "e""(& de *au4ue a 6$"7!$a c&#ada )ela %el6a -e$$ce$!a #ae"a "e""(&, 4ue "e )e!ce*e de)&$" "e! a 6$"7!$a de JHl$a, (e de J&(& e a%7 1 Ca!l&" REIS e A#a C!$"$#a M LOPES, D$c$&#:!$& de  Na!!a&l&+$a, C&$*!a, L$%!a!$a Ale.d$#a, 13, ) 15 ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   de Ma!$a a "u*le%a'(& $l$a! -&e#ada )&! L&)e", #& decu!"& da 4ual e!:&)&!u#$dade de !a)a! Ma!$a e de -e!$! &!ale#e J&(& Se#d& de ce!a -&!a u !&a#ce de )e!"&#a+e c&& )a!ece $#d$c:.l&&  )!7)!$& ul&G e a? de e")a'&, O E"c!a%& ? a*? u !&a#ce de ac'(& eu !&a#ce -ec6ad&, %$"& WG )&""u$! ua d$e+e"e cla!ae#e dea!cada,c&  )!$#c)$&, e$& e -$ O #a!!ad&! a)!e"e#a e&d$cae#e a" )e!"&#a.+e#", de"c!e%e &" e$&" e 4ue ela" %$%e e a+e, c&#a &!de#adae#e ua6$"7!$a de"de & "eu $#c$& a? a& "eu e)l&+&X2 O*"e!%a a$#da A+u$a! e S$l%a4ue WG ? )a!$cula!e#e ca!ace!"$c& d& !&a#ce -ec6ad& u *!e%e ca).ul& -$#al e 4ue & au&!, e a$ude !e!&")ec$%a, $#-&!a !e"u$dae#e &le$&! ace!ca d& de"$#& da" )e!"&#a+e#" a$" !ele%a#e" d& !&a#ceX5 É &4ue "e &*"e!%a #&" d&$" Hl$&" ca)ul&" d& !&a#ce/ #& )e#Hl$&, & #a!!a.d&! d: c&#a da &!e de J&(&, da -u+a de L&)e" e d& "al%ae#& de Ma!$a &Hl$& ? 4ua"e &d& c&#"a+!ad& a& "e)ulae#& de J&(& )&! )a!e de Lu$=a e &!e de"a, 4ue aca*a )&! -$ca! e#e!!ada c& & "eu aad& S7 #& Hl$&)a!:+!a-& -$ca&" a "a*e! 4ue Ma!$a e "ua (e %(& u#a!."e, d&$" e"e" a$"a!de, a Cl:ud$& P$e#el, & )a$, #a Ku$#?, #ua e")?c$e de &)'(& "$*7l$ca)el& c&#$#e#e a-!$ca#& III12 I#!$+a Se a ac'(& ? ua "uce""(& de -ac&" e ac&#ec$e#&" 4ue a" )e!"&#a+e#"%(& !eal$=a#d&, a $#!$+a e a %e! c& a &!+a#$=a'(& d&" e%e#&" #a!!a$%&", a+e"(& da "e4u#c$a d&" -ac&" e ac&#ec$e#&", de a#e$!a a c!$a! u e#!ed& 2 V&! Ma#uel de A+u$a! e SILVA, Te&!$a da L$e!au!a, c$, )) >3;.>38 5 I*$de.5.

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   4ue "e de"e#%&l%a "e+u#d& ua !ela'(& l7+$ca de cau"a@e-e$& e ua &!de c!&#&l7+$ca É a $#!$+a 4ue d&a &" ac&#ec$e#&" de "e#$d& #u )la#& +l&*al Pa!a e#a! c&)!ee#d.la, c&ece&" )&! dee!.#&" #a )a$<(& d& )!&a+&#$"a )&! Ma!$a, ua )a$<(& 4ue, c&& d$""e&", #(& )&d$a de$
Cl:ud$a Ale$da;, de ac&!d& c& a4ual a 6$"7!$a l$da )&! J&(& "e!$a & !&a#ce Bu+.Ja!+al, de V$c&! 9u+&, )u*l$. ; WO e"c!a%&X/ E#!e a $de#$dade ca*&%e!d$a#a e a l$e!au!a eu!&)?$a, c$, a<$e )) 3 e "".;0. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   cad& e 12> A""u$#d& e""a )&""$*$l$dade  4ue, e !$+&!, #(& )&de "e!c&)!&%ada , "e!a&" &*!$+ad&" a ad$$! 4ue a  )e!"&#al$dade $de&l7+$cade E%a!$"& d’Ale$da ? *e a$" )!&+!e""$"a d& 4ue a )!$e$!a $)!e""(&4ue "e c&l6e da le$u!a d& "eu !&a#ce É a ca)ac$dade de e#e#de! & "$+#$-$cad& de ac&#ec$e#&" c&& a !e%&l.a d&" e"c!a%&" #& -uu!& 9a$$ 4ue le%a & )!&a+&#$"a a lae#a! a "ua c&#d$.'(&/ A$ de $, "e#6&!a\ Pa!a 4ue de"e#%&l%e"e & eu !ac$&c#$& a )&#& de !ecece! 4ue & e"c!a%&  )&de #u!$! 6e!7$c&" "e#$. e#&" Pa!a 4ue cla!$-$ca""e a $#6a $#el$+#c$a, de a#e$!a 4ue ela e le%e a c&#"$de!a! & c&!a'(& de ua #$$de= *e &)&"a  e"cu!$d(& d& eu !&"&X ) 50G A -&!a'(& e & e"au& d& )!&a+&#$"a, 4ue #(& "(& &" de u e"c!a%&,)e!$e )e!ce*e! 4ue ele "e a)a$<&#e )ela "ua "e#6&!a  a#& a$" 4ue ela? )$#ada c& a" c&!e" da ul6e!.a#& d& R&a#$"& , e<)l$ca#d& a.*? a $)&""$*$l$dade de J&(& decla!a! &" "eu" "e#$e#&" O 6e!7$ -$ca a""$,de"de ced&, de-$#$d& c&& u 6e!7$ !:+$c&, c&#de#ad& a& e"au& de du)l&e"c!a%&, )!e"& a u "e+!ed& 4ue #(& )&de !e%ela! O 7)$c& d& "e+!ed& c&#"$.u$ al$:", c&& %e!e&", ua da" l$#6a" $)&!a#e" da &*!a, & 4ue "e c&.)!ee#de  lu= da e"?$ca !&#$ca da ?)&ca A c6e+ada de L&)e"  !e")&#":%el, c&& d$""e&", )&! ua da" ac'e""ecu#d:!$a"  e!: $)l$ca'e" "&*!e a ac'(& )!$#c$)al e "&*!e & "e#$d& da$#!$+a C&)e$#d& c& J&(& )el& a&! de Ma!$a, L&)e" "e!: c&#ud& !ee$. ad&, e*&!a a "ua c&! e & "eu e"au& "&c$al l6e de""e %a#a+e Fala%a.l6e .;1. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   a ca)ac$dade de c&)!ee#de! e de ace$a! a e"$'a+e 4ue ca!ace!$=a%a a $l6aFa=e#d& ua decla!a'(& de a&! )!ec$)$ada, L&)e" &-e#de Ma!$a, 4ue &a aa$ude c&& a#$-e"a'(& de )!ec&#ce$& !ac$al/ Mulaa, c&& e!a, )e!"uad$u."e 4ue a "ua c&!  a$" 4ue #e#6u. a &u!a c$!cu#"#c$a   a#$a!a L&)e" a -a=e!.l6e ua decla!a. '(&, 4ue ela &l6&u, de"de l&+&, c&& a a#$-e"a'(& $)lc$a de 4ue ele )!e"u$a 4ue ua ulaa ace$a%a "e)!e c& !ece. c$e#& & a&! de u *!a#c&  )&! a$" $)u!& 4ue e""e a&!  )a!ece""e ) ;>G A)!e"e#ad& de"de & $#c$& c&& & %$l(&, L&)e"  a$" d& 4ue !e)!e."e#a#e de u ac&#ec$e#& 6$"7!$c&  ? & *!a#c& 4ue c6e+a de -&!a )a!a)e!u!*a! a !a#4u$l$dade da $l6a e -&e#a! d$%$"e" e c&#-l$&" A  )a$<(& de J&(& ? a)a!e#ee#e -a%&!ec$da )&! Lu$=a, ua e"c!a%ad&?"$ca 4ue, e "$l#c$&, a*? aa & )!&a+&#$"a, c&#"$u$#d& a""$ ae!ce$!a )&#a d& !$#+ul& a&!&"& M&!$-$cada )el& "&-!$e#& d& aad& e)el& c$He, Lu$=a -!a#4ue$a.l6e & ace""& a& le$& da "e#6&!a, )a!a 4ue ele a)&""a c&#e)la! )&! al+u#" &e#&" E"e )!$e$!& +!a#de &e#& dee#"(& #a!!a$%a e!: )&!? u de"e#lace du)lae#e -ad$c&/ ue e")ec:cul& "e &-e!ece  "ua %$"a\ Lu$=a, a "ua c&#-$de#. e, a "ua a$+a, e"&!ce#d&."e e 6&!!%el c&#%ul"(&\ T!a&u de $! "&c&!!.la  a" a#e" d$""& 4u$" da! u Hl$& *e$& "&*!e a (&

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    -$ca!."e "e, a$#da d&!$#d&, #(& e!a )!e"a de u e<!a%a+a#e "& ) 38G O" "e#$e#&" 4ue l$+a a" )e!"&#a+e#" -$ca a+&!a cla!$-$cad&", #u&e#& de ce!& &d& e)$-#$c&/ Lu$=a decla!a & "eu a&! )&! J&(& e"e!e%ela a "ua )a$<(& )&! Ma!$a a "e#6&!a dec$de al-&!!$a! & e"c!a%&, e<)ul"a#.d&.& )a!a "e)!e de "ua ca"a T&!#ad&, c&#!a a "ua %&#ade,  )a!c$ale#el$%!e, & )!&a+&#$"a e!: a+&!a &)&!u#$dade de cece! & "eu  )a""ad&, !ec&.#6ece#d& JHl$a, a %el6a -e$$ce$!a de M&#e Ve!el6&, c&& "ua (e  a#e$.!a !&#$ca, a" !e%ela'e" "(& e")ecacula!e" e !:+$ca"/ )a!a al? d& "&-!$.e#& $#de"c!$%el de 4ue "ua (e -&!a %$a " (&" de P$e#el, J&(& -$ca a"a*e! 4ue ? e$&.$!(& de Cl:ud$& e, )&!a#&, $& de Ma!$a C& a )!$e$!a!e%ela'(&, &a a*? c&#"c$#c$a d& 7d$& e d& de"e& de %$#+a#'a de "ua(e e !ela'(& a &da a -al$a P$e#el, !ece*e#d& a$#da a $#-&!a'(& de4ue L&)e" e"a%a a )!e)a!a! ua "u*le%a'(& $l$a! 4ue de%e!$a c&#a! c& ac&#$%#c$a d&" e"c!a%&" e #& decu!"& da 4ual e#c$&#a%a !a)a! Ma!$a C&#!a& 4ue al%e= -&""e de e")e!a! )el& e#&" da )a!e d& le$&! d&" #&""&" d$a"G,J&(& #(& c6e+a a *ala#'a! e#!e a" dua" ul6e!e" a 4ue de%e!$a -$del$dade/dec$d$d& a "al%a! Ma!$a, e#%&l%e."e e lua c& JHl$a, )!&%&ca#d& $#%&lu#a.!$ae#e a "ua &!e &)&#d&."e a L&)e", aca*a )&! !e"+aa! Ma!$a, a" -e!$d& &!ale#e #& c&#-!&#&  &!!e #&" *!a'&" da "ua a#$+a "e#6&!a,4ue )&! -$ )e!ce*e 4ue a*? aa%a J&(& O )!&a+&#$"a cu)!e a""$ & "eu de"$#& de 6e!7$, a#u#c$ad& )ela a!.ca 4ue !a=$a #& )e$& de"de a a$" e#!a $#-#c$a/ e#d& "$d& aald$'&ad&c&& Ca e c&#de#ad& a "e! e"c!a%& d&"G "eu"G $!(&"G, !ecu"a a %$a %ee!&.e"ae#:!$a da %$#+a#'a 4ue l6e e!a )!&)&"a )ela (e e, #ua a$ude a$" .;5. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   !&#$ca 4ue !ede#&!a, &!!e )a!a 4ue Ma!$a %$%a C& ele &!!e a*?,de -&!a ac$de#al, Lu$=a, -$ca#d& a*&" "e)ulad&" #a ca%e!#a 4ue "e!%$!a dea*!$+& a JHl$a A &!e $)e a""$ a &!de 4ue a %$da e#&u c&#!a!$a!, #ude"e#lace !:+$c& e 4ue &d&" )a!ece e! "$d& de!!&ad&" A e
bdeue!a+&#$"a, a )e!."&#a+e "ecu#d:!$a a$" !ele%a#e, & ba#a+&#$"a, a  )e!"&#a+e 4ue "e c&#.!a)e  )e!"&#a+e )!$#c$)al  e 4ue, e u$&" e<&", c&$#c$de c& &deue!a+&#$"a , e &" bc&)a!"a", a" )e!"&#a+e#" ace""7!$a" &u e)$"7d$ca"X8 8 V&! Ma#uel de A+u$a! e SILVA, Te&!$a da L$e!au!a, c$, )) >>>.>>.;;. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    Ma!$a, e*&!a +&=e de u du)l& a"ce#de#e "&*!e J&(& e "ea )$#adac& a" c&!e" da ul6e!.a#& d& R&a#$"&, ? a deue!a+&#$"a da 6$"7!$a L&)e" de"e)e#6a & )a)el de a#a+&#$"a, a$#da 4ue a "ua acua'(&c&ece )&! a$#+$! a deue!a+&#$"a M$+uel$"a de!!&ad&, & &-$c$al %&la a )e!.de! e du)lae#e/ #& a&! )&! Ma!$a e #a e#a$%a de !e*el$(& $l$a! Re)!e."e#a#d& & c&l&#& *!a#c&, L&)e" ? & %$l(& da 6$"7!$a A !a$%a e & de"e& de%$#+a#'a "7 e a)a!#c$a & a)!&<$a da -$+u!a de JHl$a/ a& c&#!:!$& de"a,L&)e" "&-!e a)e#a" a" c&#"e4u#c$a" d&" "eu" ac&", #(& "e#d& #u#ca ua%e!dade$!a %$a Lu$=a e ua $)&!#c$a  d$e+?$ca e "$*7l$ca  "7 e a)a!#c$a"ecu#d:!$a A)a$<&#ada )el& )!&a+&#$"a, "e!$a de e")e!a! 4ue ela c&#c&!!e""ec& Ma!$a, &)&#d&."e a""$ a&" $#e#&" de J&(& N(& ? $""& c&#ud& 4ueac&#ece/ du)lae#e e"c!a%a, $"& ?, e"c!a%a )&! c&#d$'(& e e"c!a%a  )&! a&!  "eel6a#'a de J&(& , Lu$=a &*!$+a."e a acua! c&#!a &" "eu"  )!7)!$&"$#e!e""e", -u#c$&#a#d&, de ac&!d& c& & &del& aca#c$al de K!e$a", c&&adu%a#e d& )!&a+&#$"a E")?c$e de du)l& de J&(&, Lu$=a e c&#ud& ua&!e a$" )a""$%a’ e, )&!a#&, e#&" 6e!7$ca/ &!!e ac$de#ale#e 4ua#d&e": a !aa! da "e)ulu!a de J&(& Pa!$l6a#d& c& Ma!$a al+u#" !a'&" da -$+u.!a da ul6e!.a#&, Lu$=a ? & "*&l& d& "&-!$e#& e d& a!!$& de a&!G,a)!&<$a#d&."e a*? de al+u &d& de JHl$a A -$+u!a de JHl$a ? $+uale#e $)&!a#e e c&)le
-$+u.!a#e" e de )e!"&#a+e#" c&lec$%a", !e)!e"e#a#d& &" %:!$&" e"!a&" e cae+&.!$a" "&c$a$" da ?)&ca III22 Rela'e" e#!e a" )e!"&#a+e#" N& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, a" !ela'e" e#!e a" )e!"&#a+e#" e"a*elece."e"e+u#d& !" )la#&"/   e4u$l*!$&  de"e4u$l*!$&  el$$#a'(& O )la#& de e4u$l*!$& e a %e! c& a "$ua'(& $#$c$al, a#e" da c6e+ada deL&)e" e da c&#-$""(& de a&! 4ue J&(& -a= a Ma!$a A -al$a P$e#el, 4ue.;>. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   &!a%a #& WS$& de BX, )&uc& a$" de ua l?+ua d$"a#e da V$la da P!a$a,%$%$a -el$=, a)e"a! da au"#c$a e)&!:!$a d& )a$, Cl:ud$&, e $""(& #a Ku$.#?.B$""au O )la#& de de"e4u$l*!$& c&e'a c& a c6e+ada de L&)e", 4ue !a=$a uaca!a de !ec&e#da'(& de u a$+& )a!a Cl:ud$& P$e#el E#a&!a#d&."ede $ed$a& de Ma!$a e -a=e#d& ua  )!ec$)$ada decla!a'(& de a&!, & &-$c$al ?!ee$ad& )ela ulaa, & 4ue & de$
ua 6a*$a'(& a)la e de ce!& !e4u$#e, c& *a"e#&" e")a'&" e<)l$c$ae#e #&ead&"/ & 4ua!& de Ma!$a, & +a*$#ee de c&"u.!a e a "ala &#de L&)e" ? !ece*$d& ua#& " c6&'a" d&" e"c!a%&", e&" #&ca)ul& VIII, ) 15, ua  *!e%e de"c!$'(& da4uela e 4ue Lu$=a 6a*$a%a ee 4ue J&(& ? !ec&l6$d& de)&$" da lua c& JHl$a A =&#a a+!c&la ?.#&" a)!e"e#ada #& ca)ul& III, #& decu!"& d& )a""e$&de Ma!$a c& L&)e" Pa!a al? de !ecu!"&" c&& ua #&!a e Wa" -&!#al6a" d&.;. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   a'Hca!X ) ;5G, -$ca&" a "a*e! 4ue 6a%$a a!!&=a$", u a#d$&cal, cul$%a#.d&."e a$#da ua "?!$e de &u!a" )la#a" &u :!%&!e" de -!u&, c&& & ca-?, a)u!+ue$!a, & a#$)l&, & c&4ue$!&, & #e")e!e$!&, a #&!'a, a aa!e$!a, & aa!$#.d&, & cau, & a(&, a )a)a$e$!a &u & =$*!(& A)!e"e#a#d&.a" deal6ada.e#e a L&)e", Ma!$a !e%ela u ace#uad& u-a#$"&  )&! e"e a")ec& d&)a!$7#$& ca*&.%e!d$a#&/ A4uele" a!*u"&" 4ue "e "e+u!a  !&c6a, 4ue "e $#cl$#a de a#e$!a a -a=e! )e!"uad$! 4ue %(& de")e#6a!."e, e 4ue %e+ea c& ua -&!'a e")a#&"a, c&& "e l6e" *a"a""e & "u"e#& d& "uc& da"  )ed!a", ? a )u!+ue$!a, a 4ual #&" &-e!ece e "eu &le&"& -!u& a=e$e "7 )!7)!$&  )a!a al$e#& da lu= &" )$#6e", c&#$d&" e "ua #&=, "(& "a*&!&"""$&" G )) ;5.;;G Rela$%ae#e a& a!d$, cul$%ad& )&! Ma!$a c& & a)&$& de J&(&,d$=.#&" & #a!!ad&! 4ue e!a -&!ad& )&! WG !" ca#e$!&", e al+u#" %a"&",d$")&"&" de a#e$!a, e c&#e#d& -l&!e" (& -!e"ca" e %$'&"a", 4ue a& %. la"-ac$le#e "e ad$%$#6a%a, 4ue e!ec$a &" de"%el&" de -e$#$#a" (&"X ) 2>GE")a'& da )!$e$!a ce#a d& !&a#ce, & a!d$ ? ua e")?c$e de )!&ec'(& deMa!$a, c&& al$:" & #a!!ad&! "u*l$#6a l&+& de $#c$&/ WEla, a &%e 4ue !aa%ade &*ec&" (& 4ue!$d&" a& "eu c&!a'(&, de &*ec&" $#&ce#e" c&& a "uaala, )u!&" c&& & "eu )e#"a!  ela, d$=e&", &da e#!e+ue a e""a &cu)a'(&(& +!aa " ala", 4ue a" -l&!e" "$*&l$=a GX ) 2>G De ua &u!a a#e$.!a, & a!d$ ? a*? a )!&ec'(& d& a&! de J&(& )&! Ma!$a, de"de & $#c$&/ .;3. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    J&(&  & e"c!a%&  6a%$a cu$"ad& a e"$a de Ma!$a,  )&! e! $d&, #ua #&$e de e)e"ade, c&*!$! c& -&l6a" de *a#a#e$!a a" $#&ce#$#6a" -l&!e" d& ca#e$!&, e !ec&l6e! &" %a"&" G ) 5;G De ua a#e$!a a$" e<)lc$a, & )!7)!$& J&(& & $!: decla!a! a Ma!$a a$" -!e#e/ G & a#e!$c(& 4ue %e+ea d& lad& &)&"& a&" %&""&" ca#e$!&"  eu & a)a!e$ e c&!e$ de a#e$!a a )&de! "&le!a!."e & #&e de Ma!$a\ ) 101G Pa!a al? d&" 4ua!& e")a'&" e#c$&#ad&", )&uc& a$" "a*e&" da )!&.)!$edade de Cl:ud$& P$e#el, a #(& "e! a e<$"#c$a de u ca#a)? e -!e#e ca"a e de u )a""e$& c&)!$d& e la!+& ua#& a& "eu e#4uad!ae#&, & :!e-e!$d& W"$& de BX, d$=.#&" & #a!!ad&! 4ue e!a WG u d&" a$" a)!a=.%e$" )a!a 4ue "aa da V$la da P!a$a GX, WG cua#& #(& 6&u%e""e al$&u!a culu!a al? da da"  )la#a" $#d+e#a" GX ) 28G D&" &u!&" e")a'&" da $l6a de Sa#$a+& e#c$&#ad&" #a &*!a, &" a$"$)&!a#e" "(& a ca"a &#de dec&!!e & *au4ue, "$uada #a V$la da P!a$a, e aa%e!#a d& $& Te"&u!a, #& la!+& d& Pel&u!$#6&, e -!e#e da ca"a da Ca!a ecade$a da %$la D&ad&" a*&" de +!a#de "$+#$-$cad& "&c$al, "e!(& &*ec& deu c&e#:!$& a$" c$!cu#"a#c$ad& #& )!7<$& )&#&

Pela "ua $)&!#c$a "$*7l$ca, )&de&" a$#da de"aca! & M&#e Ve!e.l6&  &#de "e "$ua a ca%e!#a 4ue "e!%e de &!ada a JHl$a  e a Cala*ace$!a,e")a'& d&$#ad& )ela :!%&!e c& e"e #&e e a*? cec$da c&& *a&.*: &u e*&#de$!&G, e 4ue &c&!!e & e#c&#!& -$#al e#!e Ma!$a e J&(& Ou!&".80. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   e")a'&" da $l6a e#c$&#ad&" e O E"c!a%& "(& F&#e A#a, Va!+e da C&)a.#6$a, Ac6ada de S(& Ped!&, M&#e Ta+a!!&, Ac6ada K!a#de, M&#e Fa<&,P&#a da" B$cuda", P&e$!a, R$*e$!a K!a#de, S Ma!$#6&, K&e"ea##e, B&aE#!ada, Sa#a Caa!$#a, e!ece#d& al+u#" dele" ua de"c!$'(& c& al+udeal6e Na &*!a a)a!ece a$#da !e-e!#c$a" a &u!a" $l6a" de Ca*& Ve!de  c&&Sa#& A#(& de &#de )!&% JHl$a, J&(& e Cl:ud$&G, Ma$& e F&+& , a &u!&"e")a'&" d& $)?!$& )&!u+u"  c&& Ku$#?, )a!a &#de Cl:ud$& -&$ e $"."(& $l$a! e )a!a &#de $!(& Ma!$a e Ma!$a#a, e L$"*&a   e a$#da a e!!$7!$&"c&& a A?!$ca d& N&!e, de"$#& )&""%el de L&)e" e d&" "eu" c&)a#6e$!&"de "u*le%a'(& III52 E")a'& "&c$al O e")a'& "&c$al !e)!e"e#ad& e O E"c!a%& c&!!e")&#de c& al+u !$+&! e"!uu!a da "&c$edade ca*&.%e!d$a#a da ?)&ca, 4ue $#6a c&& )!$#c$)ala!ca a d$%$"(& e#!e #(&.e"c!a%&" e e"c!a%&" E a*&" &" +!u)&" 6: c&#u.d& al+ua 6ee!&+e#e$dade/ &" #(&.e"c!a%&" #(& "(& a)e#a" &" *!a#c&", a"a*? &" e"$'&", c&& Cl:ud$& P$e#el e a "ua -al$a, 4ue +&=a de ue"au& $d#$c& & +!u)& d&" e"c!a%&", )&! "ua %e=, $#clu$ a*? a4uele" 4uede$
ca"& Ma!$a e L&)e" J: e !ela'(& a&+!u)& d&" e"c!a%&", & "eu e")a'& de la=e! ?  )e!e:%el, ad$$#d& & ace""& de*!a#c&", c&& & #a!!ad&! e & cu$dad& de e<)l$ca!/ De -e$&, e#c&"ad& a& u*!al da )&!a e"a%a u *!a#c& 9a%$a "$d& %$"& )ela a$&! )a!e, a" a #$#+u? $)&!&u a "ua.82. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    )!e"e#'a, )&!4ue #(& e!a e<!a&!d$#:!$& %e! *!a#c&" e")ecad&!e" d&" *au4ue" e e"& al+u#" &a #ele" u #(& )e4ue#& $#e. !e""e ) >G E"a ca"a d& *au4ue, &*ec& de ua *!e%e de"c!$'(& #a ) >1, ? u e")a.'& "&c$al de +!a#de $)&!#c$a )a!a & +!u)& d&" e"c!a%&" O la=e! ? a "ua-u#'(& a$" %$"%el/ e")a'& de H"$ca, de da#'a e de #a&!& a? )ela "e#"ua.l$dade de""a" a#$-e"a'e"G, & *au4ue ? a*? u e")a'& e 4ue &" a$"%el6&" c&& D&$#+&" &u JHl$aG &u &" a$" $#"!ud&" c&& J&(&, 4uedecl$#a & c&#%$eG )&de c&#a! 6$"7!$a" P&! a "e )e!ce*e c&& e"a" !eu. #$e" )&d$a -u#c$&#a! a*? c&& e")a'& de de"a*a-& d&" e"c!a%&" &u de&ada de c&#"c$#c$a da "ua c&#d$'(& de e<)l&!ad&" Ou!& e")a'& de la=e! e#c$&#ad& #& !&a#ce ? a a%e!#a de u de+!e.dad&, cec$d& )ela alcu#6a de $& Te"&u!a P!e)a!a#d& & le$&! e!&)&l$a.#& )a!a a ce#a 4ue %a$ le!, & #a!!ad&! e"cla!ece, #a a*e!u!a d& ca)ul& I/ A -ala a*"&lua de *&e4u$#", &*!$+a a 4ue #a V$la da P!a$a, ce!a +e#e  4ue #(& "e#d& da #-$a )le*e, #(& e": c&#ud& #a" c$!cu#"#c$a" de e#!a! #a !&da e"c&l6$da  -!e4ue#e ca"a" a 4ue #&u!&" )a"e" de ce!& -u+$!$a N(& de%e )&!a#& ad$!a! 4ue #& )!$#c)$& da #&$e de 20 de Ma!'& d& a#& a 4ue #&" !e-e. !$&", e"$%e""e  #ua da"  )&uca" ca"a" $#e!$&!e" )e!e#ce#. e"  d$a a%e!#a  al+u#" "a!+e#&", ca*&" e "&ldad&", -&!a#d& +!u)&", "e#ad&" e -!e#e de e"a" de )$#6&, "&*!e a" 4ua$" 6a%$a )!&-u"(& de +a!!a-a" e c&)&" ) 1G .85. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    P&! a4u$ )e!ce*e&", )&! u lad&, a e"!a$-$ca'(& a$" c&)leG O -$#al da &*!a a*? $#clu$ u $#-&!a#e de e)&/ D&$" e"e" de)&$" da" ce#a" 4ue  )&! #+ua de e#+e#6&  (& al de$<:&" de"c!$a", Ma!$a e "ua (e !a#")&!a%a."e #&  )a!a B$""au, &#de a" e")e!a%a &" *!a'&" de u ca!$#6&"& a!$d& e )a$ e<!e&"& ) 18>G.8;.

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    Dec&!!e#d& a $#!$+a a& l&#+& de d&$" e"e", & e)& d& d$"cu!"& ? *ea$" l&#+& 4ue & e)& da 6$"7!$a, & 4ue !e%ela de $ed$a& a $)&!#c$aa!$*uda )el& #a!!ad&! a&" e%e#&" !elaad&" A &*!a "e+ue ua &!de#a'(&c!&#&l7+$ca, "e#d& a "e+u#da daa e<)l$c$ada 20 de Ma!'&, e 4ue &c&!!e, #&$e, u e#c&#!& c&#")$!a$%& de $l$a!e" #a a*e!#a d& $& Te"&u!a ) 1GMa$"  -!e#e, #& ca)ul& III, ) 103, & #a!!ad&! !e-e!e."e a& d$a  )&"e!$&!,e 4ue J&(& "&*e & M&#e Ve!el6& e *u"ca de JHl$a/ E #& d$a 21 de Ma!'& de 158, #e "e4ue! a *!$"a  4ue a#& c&"ua "&)!a! #e"e "  %$#6a a-a+a! a e"a d& $#-el$=, 4ue a la!+&" )a""&" ca$#6a%a )ela ac6ada de S(& Ped!& J: #& ca)ul& VII, ) 151, %e a !e-e!#c$a a& d$a "e+u$#e, e 4uec&e'a a !e*el$(& $l$a!/ " dua" 6&!a" da ad!u+ada d& d$a 22 de Ma!'& de 158, ua e"c&la de de= 6&e#" "a$u d& 4ua!el, e -&$ )&"a!."e " e#!ada" da 6a*$a'(& d& P!e-e$& L&+& e "e+u$da ua &u!a de %$#e  c&a#dada )&!  Ale$<&  -&$ c&!!e#d& a" ca"a" d&" &-$. c$a$", &" 4ua$" e#+a#ad&" )el&" $)ed$d&", da%a."e )!e""a e %$! -&!a ca$! #a !a&e$!a 4ue "e l6e" a!a!a D&$" ca)ul&" de)&$", #a ) 1;8, & #a!!ad&! e<)l$c$a &u!a daa/ C&e'a%a a de")&#a! & d$a 2> de Ma!'& de 158  !" d$a" de)&$" da c&#%e!"a'(& !elaada #& ca)ul& a#ecede#e/  Lu$=a e#c&"ada  e"a  c&& "&a )a""a! a" #&$e" du!a#e a .88. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    d&e#'a de J&(&  +&=a%a de u "&#& del$c$&"&, a-a+ad& )&! ale. +!e" e")e!a#'a" E"e c&#u#& de $#-&!a#e" &"!a.#&" c& cla!e=a a  )!e&cu)a'(& d&#a!!ad&! de a#e!."e -$el a&" ac&#ec$e#&", a)!e"e#ad&" c&& %e!d$c&" A)e"a! de"a l$#ea!$dade c!&#&l7+$ca, 6: %:!$&" e)$"7d$&" #a!!ad&" e a#a.le)"e É & ca"& da 6$"7!$a de Cl:ud$& P$e#el, c&#ada #& $#c$& d& ca)ul&II/ a "ua %$#da de Sa#& A#(&, a !:)$da a"ce#"(& #a ca!!e$!a $l$a!, a)e"a! da"ua c&#d$'(& de $#d+e#a, & ca"ae#&, & #a"c$e#& d&" -$l6&", a c&)!a da)!&)!$edade #& "$& de B É & ca"& a*?, a+&!a a u #%el $#!ad$e+?$c&,da" 6$"7!$a" !elaada" )&! D&$#+&" e )&! JHl$a/ a )!$e$!a e "&*!eud& u)!&)7"$& !ec!ea$%&, e*&!a "ea )&""%el deeca! al+ua !ela'(& "$*7l$cac& a ac'(& )!$#c$)al a "e+u#da ? e""e#c$al )a!a "e )e!ce*e!, #(& a)e#a" aacua'(& de JHl$a, a" a*? & )a""ad& d& )!&a+&#$"a e a "ua !ela'(& c&Ma!$a, de 4ue %e a "e! $& Ou!& a")ec& a e! e c&#a d$= !e")e$&  #(& c&$#c$d#c$a e#!e & e.)& da #a!!a$%a e & e)& da #a!!a'(& L&+& de $#c$&, & #a!!ad&! e"cla!ece 4uee"e ? )&"e!$&! 4uele e "e$" a#&"/ E 158, a$#da al$ #(& 6a%$a, #e a" a=ed$#6a", #e a" ae$<$e$!a", #e a"  )e!e$!a", #e &u!a" :!%&!e", 4ue, e "e$" a#&"  c!e"c$d& u$&, c&)ad&  )&uc&, e 4ue  c&& "aud&"a" de "eu )a" #aal  )e!a#ece !$"e", ee#d& e<)&! "eu" -!u. &" a&" !a$&" a*!a"ad&!e" de"e "&l a-!$ca#& ) 2>G C&& "e )e!ce*e )el& e. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   "$ua #& e"& e")a'& e 4ue dec&!!e a ac'(& )!$#c$)al, & 4ue de al+u&d& !e-&!'a a c!ed$*$l$dade d& !ela& De%e&" a*? #&a! 4ue

& #a!!ad&!a)!&%e$a a &)&!u#$dade )a!a "u*l$#6a! a" !a#"-&!a'e" e#!ea#& &c&!!$.da", #(& a)e#a" #a )a$"a+e #au!al, a" a*? a& #%el u!*a#"$c&/  Na !ua 4ue da I+!ea Ma!$= %e e l$#6a d$!eca $#e!!&. )e!."e #& la!+& d& Pel&u!$#6& da V$la da P!a$a, 6a%$a e 158 ua a%e!#a, "$uada 4ua"e e -!e#e da ca"a da Ca!a e Cade$a da V$la ed$-c$& 4ue  #a4uela ?)&ca  e"a%a *e l&#+e de )!e"u$! 4ue de "ua" !u#a" "u!+$""e &" ele+a#e" e "7l$d&" Pa'&" d& C&#cel6& 4ue 6&e a-&!&"e$a & la!+& ) 1G O*"e!%a'e" de"e $)& &"!a u al d$"-a!'ad& &!+ul6& c& & )!&.+!e""& da $l6a, "&a#d&."e a""$ a ua "?!$e de &u!&" $#d$cad&!e" 4ue !adu.=e & c&)!&$""& d& au&! )a!a c& Ca*& Ve!de III8 I#e!e<&> 6$"7!$c&.culu!al Pa!a al? da $#e!e<ual$dade e "e#$d& !e"!$& 4ue )&de&" deeca!e O E"c!a%&  c& a -$c'(& !&#$ca e +e!al e c& Bu+.Ja!+al, de V$c&!9u+&, e )a!$cula! , 6: #& !&a#ce de E%a!$"& d’Ale$da u $#e#"& > Se+u#d& A+u$a! e S$l%a, WE e!&" de &#&l&+$a e de c!&#&l&+$a, & $#e!e<& ? ue<& &u u bc&!)u" de e<&"G 4ue e<$"e ba#e" e bde*a$<& de u dee!$#ad& e<& e 4ue,e a)l$ude e &dal$dade" %:!$a", "e )&de ble!, dec$-!a!, "&* a e"!uu!a de "u)e!-c$e de"eHl$&X V&! Ma#uel de A+u$a! e S$l%a, &) c$, ) 83;G .8. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   d$:l&+& d& e"& $)& a& #%el 6$"7!$c&.culu!al E""e d$:l&+&, c&& e#a.!e&" &"!a!, !e%ela da )a!e d& au&!  )a!a al? de ua a+uda ca)ac$dadede &*"e!%a'(&  u c&)!&$""& cla!& c& a de-e"a da $de#$dadeca*&.%e!d$a#a e -&!a'(& e da "ua "&c$edade e"$'a, & 4ue )a""a a*?)ela de#H#c$a da" $#$4u$dade" d& "$"ea e"cla%a+$"a e da" -al6a" d& &del&c&l&#$al III81 O" dad&" 6$"7!$c&" a& l&#+& da #a!!a$%a S$#al cla!& d& d$:l&+& de O E"c!a%& c& & $#e!e<& 6$"7!$c&.culu!al "(&&" dad&" 6$"7!$c&" 4ue %(& "u!+$#d& a& l&#+& da &*!a e 4ue )&de&" e"4ue.a$=a! d& "e+u$#e &d&/  A !e%&la d&" #e+!&" #a $l6a de S(& D&$#+&" Ca)ul& I, ) 23G,&c&!!$da #a Hl$a d?cada d& "?cul& VIII e 4ue c&#du=$!$a  a*&l$'(& dae"c!a%au!a, e 13;, e  $#de)e#d#c$a d& #&%& e"ad&, a+&!a de"$+#ad& 9a$$,e 10;  O +&%e!#&, #& a#& de 112, da P!&%#c$a de Ca*& Ve!de )&!  )a!e deD A#7#$& C&u$#6& de Le#ca"!e Ca)ul& II, ) 55G, & 4ual  )e!a#ece!$ae -u#'e" a? 11  De ac&!d& c& & e"& e&!$=ad&!, W"e a b$#e!e<ual$dade dec&!!e d& )!$#c)$& -u#.dae#al de 4ue #(& e<$"e "e$&"e be< #$6$l& e "e a "ua a#:l$"e de%e e! e c&#a a e<$"#c$ade u#$%e!"a$"  )!a+:$ca", "e#$ca" e "$#:c$ca", a*? ? ce!& 4ue a $#e!e<ual$dadec&#"$u$ u -e#7e#& da "e$&"e culu!al, acua#e #a 6$"7!$a e #& c&#-!&#& da" -&!'a"$de&l7+$ca" e "&c$a$", ca!ece#d& de c&#%al$da'(& c$e#-$ca a $de$a de 4ue &" e<&" da culu!a!e)!e"e#a (&."7 a &dula'(& ea7!-$ca de a!$=e" ae)&!a$"X I*$dG.8. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da     A" )!e!!&+a$%a" c&#ced$da" a&" +&%e!#ad&!e" de""a ?)&ca, #&eada.e#e a de )&de!e )!&&%e! &" &-$c$a$" "u*ale!#&" a?   )ae#e de Ca)$(&Ca)ul& II, ) 55G  O c&#-l$& e#!e &" $l$a!e"  )&!u+ue"e" e &" +u$#ee#"e" de Ke*aCa)ul& II, ) 58G  A C&#%e#'(& de E%&!a&#e, 4ue !edu=$!a u$&" &-$c$a$" "u)e!$&!e" a)ae#e $#-e!$&! Ca)ul&

III, )) ;0.;1G Cele*!ada a 2> de Ma$& de 15;, )^"e!&, c&& ? "a*$d&,  +ue!!a c$%$l de 152.5;  A !e"$d#c$a d& *$")& e Sa#& A#(& Ca)ul& VII,  ) 8G  A c&#"!u'(& d&" Pa'&" d& C&#cel6& da P!a$a "&*!e a" !u#a" dua#$+& ed$-c$& &#de "e "$ua%a a Ca"a da Ca!a e Cade$a da V$la da P!a$aCa)ul& I, ) 1G  A "u*le%a'(& $l$a! #a Va!+e da C&)a#6$a, a 22 de Ma!'& de 158Ca)ul& VII, ) 151G, -&e#ada )&! &-$c$a$" da -ac'(& a*"&lu$"a De"e c&#u#& de dad&" de"aca."e ua au"#c$a/ a !e*el$(& de e"c!a%&",&c&!!$da e De=e*!& d& e"& a#& de 158 A !a=(& a$" 7*%$a  )a!a e"a&$""(& !e"$de #& e)& da 6$"7!$a, 4ue e!$#a a#e", c& a )a!$da de Ma!$ae da "ua (e )a!a a Ku$#? A )a! de""a, c&& : -&$ "u+e!$d& )&! Cl:ud$aAle$da, 6a%e!: ce!ae#e ua &$%a'(& $de&l7+$ca/ #& !&a#ce, &  )a)elde %$l(& e": !e"e!%ad& a&"G *!a#c&"G Ma$" cu!$&"& a$#da ? & -ac& de, c&&#&&u a e"a $#%e"$+ad&!a, E%a!$"& d’Ale$da e! c!u=ad& elee#&" dea*a" a" !e%&la"/  WO e"c!a%&X/ E#!e a $de#$dade ca*&%e!d$a#a e a l$e!au!a eu!&)?$a, c$, ) > .83. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    O" !e*elde" d& !&a#ce "(& "&ldad&" a'&!$a#&", a" al+u. a" l&ca'e" al$ c$ada" "(& )alc&, de -a&, da Re%&la d&" E"c!a. %&" P&! e.>0. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    A)ea!a."e, e )!e"a!a &" cu$dad&" )&""%e$" #a4uele &e#&  $#-el$=, cu& c&!a'(& a$#da )al)$a%a O" e")!$&", 4ue a -$=e!a !e")$!a!, c6aa!a.#a  %$da e ela  "e e! a c&#"c$#c$a d& 4ue "e )a""a%a   de$<&u."e c&#du=$! "e d$-$culdade N$#+u? -e= ca"& d& cad:%e! d& e"c!a%&\ ) 181G N(& e"4ue'a&" al$:" 4ue ? a c&#d$'(& $#$c$al de J&(& 4ue "e!%e de ul&a& !&a#ce, & 4ue !e%ela de $ed$a& a $)&!#c$a d& ea, cua a*&!da+e&c&!!e 4ua"e "e)!e "&* a "ua 7)$ca L&+& #& )!$e$!& ca)ul&, !ec&!da#d& a"ua $#-#c$a, & e"c!a%& !e-e!e."e a&" &!e#&" 4ue )a""&u " (&" d& "eu)e4ue#& "e#6&! de &$& a#&" e a& "eu e"au& de e!cad&!$a O 7)$c& "e!:!e&ad& e de"e#%&l%$d& a$"  -!e#e )&! "ua (e, JHl$a, 4ue "e !e-e!e e<)l&!a'(& "e
$)&"de ca"$+&" C&& "e!$a de e")e!a!, u al &del& "&c$al e &da" a" c&#d$.'e" )a!a +e!a! & 7d$&/  V$#+a#'a\ %$#+a#'a\  *!ad&u ela  M&!e, ald$'(& "&*!e &" *!a#c&"\ ) 8G Ma$" d$-c$l ? & )!&ce""& de c&#"c$e#c$al$=a'(& de 4ue J&(& d: )!&%a" e%:!$&" &e#&" d& !&a#ce A  )!$e$!a &c&!!#c$a, a)e"a! de +e!ada )elale$u!a e de a""u$! c&#&!#&" al+& -a#a"$&"&", : ? de +!a#de "$+#$-$cad&/ Nua &ca"$(& de)a!e$ c& a 6$"7!$a da !e%&la d&" #e+!&" #a $l6a de S(& D&$#+&" A6\ e""a #&$e -&$ )a!a $ de u  )!a=e! $#de. -$#%el\ A #a!!a'(& da" )!&e=a" da4uele" #e+!&" de")e!&u e eu .>1. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    )e$& "e#"a'e", a? e#(&, )a!a $ de"cec$da" A a*$'(& da +l7!$a e#!&u #& eu e")!$& e"4uec$ & 4ue e!a/ ul+ue$.e l$%!e\  O6\ e (& l$%!e, 4ue a eu lad& )e#d$a ua e")ada  & del!$& a)&""&u."e d& eu c?!e*!&  e eu c&!!$a  c&!!$a c& & -$ de l$*e!a! eu" $!(&" d& ca$%e$!&\ ) 23G Ma" ? #u d$:l&+& c& Lu$=a 4ue & )!&a+&#$"a a)!e"e#a ua !e-le<(&a$" ela*&!ada  e a$" aa!+a  "&*!e a e"c!a%$d(&, !ec&!!e#d& a u e"$l&4ue e al+u#" &e#&" a#da )!7<$& da &!a7!$a )a!lae#a!/  Mald$'(&\ &6\ ald$'(& "&*!e &" *!a#c&", 4ue )!$e$!& %$e!a de%a""a! #&""&" cl$a" 4ue c6aa!a "el%a+e#" &" #&""&" c&"ue" e 4ue  de")e!a#d& a a*$'(& e #&""&" )a$"  &" le%a!a a "ac!$-$ca! "eu" -$l6&"  )&""e de %$" eu!&)eu"\ A6\ ald$. '(& "&*!e a4uele 4ue % e"c!a%$=a!.#&", c6aa#d&."e 6ua#&", )&!4ue  d$=e ele"  #&" l$%!a da &!e 4ua#d& e #&""a" +a!!a" ca&" )!$"$&#e$!&"  "e#d& al$:" ce!& 4ue e""a &!e -&!a & )a!a"&, e !ela'(& a& $#-e!#& 4ue ele" #&" !e"e!%a\ C6a. a."e 6ua#&", e "ua" (&" a#da & c6$c&e !eal6a! #&""a" ca!#e", c&& "e & "a#+ue 4ue dela" c&!!e #(& -&""e $+ual a& dele"\ C6aa."e 6ua#&", e &!de#a 4ue )e"ada" al+ea" %e#6a &!u!a! #&""&" )?"\ De$2. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    Ma" ele" e %e= de cul$%a!e a #&""a $#el$+#c$a  & 4ue l6e" &!#a!a a$" H$l & "e!%$'& d& e"c!a%&  !aa de e"ul$-$ca!.#&" & e")!$&, $)&#d&.#&" a &*ed$#c$a )a""$%a  de e*!ue. ce!.#&" & e#e#d$e#& )el& e
e"c!a%&" !e")&#de""e " )ala%!a" da l&uca c& u +!$& u#""&#&, $e#"& e 6&!!%el, 4ue claa%a %$#+a#'a\ %$#+a#'a\ ) 8G Ou!& a$= #& !e!a& da e"c!a%au!a ? !a=$d& )&! Lu$=a, 4ue "e !e-e!e !a!a )&""$*$l$dade de & "e#6&! !ec&)e#"a! WG & *& "e!%$'& d&" d&$"e")&"&", c&#cede#d&.l6e" u d$a e cada "ea#a )a!a ad4u$!$!e )el& "eu!a*al6& e$&" de )&de!e )a+a! e al+u e)& & %al&! de "ua" ca*e'a" &uda d&" "eu" -$l6&" GX ) 10G .>5. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    E "#e"e, )&de&" d$=e! 4ue J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da, #(& a""u$#d&ua )e!")ec$%a decla!adae#e a*&l$c$&#$"a, de#u#c$a c& c&!a+e e al+u)$&#e$!$"& a" $#$4u$dade" d& "$"ea e"cla%a+$"a, &"!a#d& a""$ 4ue e"a%ae "$#&#$a c& a" c&!!e#e" )!&+!e""$"a" da "ua ?)&ca III85 O e"*&'& de ua "&c$edade e de ua culu!a e"$'a" A)e"a! d& c&#e<& c&l&#$al, & au&! de O E"c!a%& a)!e"e#a.#&" u e"*&.'& #$d& da "&c$edade e"$'a de Ca*& Ve!de, &"!a#d& a" "ua" )a!$cula!$.dade" e, )&!a#&, a" d$-e!e#'a" 4ue a "e)a!a da "ua c&#+?#e!e e!&)&l$a#aE*&!a #(& c6e+ue a d$=.l& de &d& e<)lc$&, J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da "u+e.!e 4ue 6: ua $de#$dade ca*&.%e!d$a#a e -&!a'(&, c& ua -&!e c&)&.#e#e a-!$ca#a I""& )&de "e! %$"& e !" )la#&"/ #a" )e!"&#a+e#", #a l$#.+ua+eG de"a" e #a" a#$-e"a'e" culu!a$" )!e"e#e" #a &*!a III851 Pe!"&#a+e#" C&& : -&&" #&a#d&, a" )e!"&#a+e#" de a$" ele%ada e<!ac'(& "&c$alc& )a!$c$)a'(& d$!eca #a ac'(& "(& &da" e"$'a"/ Ma!$a, & "eu )a$, Cl:ud$&,e a "ua (e, Ma!$a#a N& ca"& e")ec-$c& d& elee#& a"cul$#& da -al$a, ?$)&!a#e "u*l$#6a! a "ua "$ua'(& )!&-$""$&#al/ Cl:ud$& c6e+a!a a Ca)$(& d&e;. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    %$e!a de Sa#& A#(&, de &#de e!a #au!al, !ec&e#dad&  )el& B$". )& de""a ?)&ca a& K&%e!#ad&! de e#(&, & 4ual, e#d&.l6e -e$& a""e#a! )!a'a, *e de)!e""a & -e= "u*$! &" )&"&" $#-e!$&!e", e a-$#al &  )!&&%eu a Ca)$(&, "e 4ue (& !:)$d& ace""& a!!a#ca". "e ua 4ue$
-a=e -&!u#a" l&uca" e )&uc& e)&/  e "e al+u de"+!a'ad& a)a!ece  c&& eu  de)&$" de e! e"ad& "e$" a#&" #& &u!& u#d&  c&& a4u$ c6aa " )&""e""e"  &"!a#d&, e %e= de d$#6e$!& &" e"!a+&" da -e*!e, c6a. a.l6e &l&, e"H)$d& e 4ue "e$ eu\ ) ;1G .>8. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    E "#e"e, )&de&" d$=e! 4ue a !e)!e"e#a'(& da "&c$edadeca*&.%e!d$a#a #& !&a#ce de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da #&" d: c&#a de u)!&ce""& de e"$'a+e  *$&l7+$ca, a" a*? culu!al  adu!& e c&#. "&l$dad&, a& )&#& de & *!a#c& c6e+ad& da e!7)&le "e! &l6ad& c& al+uade"c&#-$a#'a III852 L$#+ua+eG da" )e!"&#a+e#" C&& "e!$a de e")e!a!, a l#+ua de O E"c!a%& ? & )&!u+u"  & )&!u+u"cul& de ead&" d& "?cul& I É "a*$d& c&#ud& 4ue a l#+ua d&" e"c!a%&"e!a & c!$&ul&, & 4ue le%a & au&!  #u e"-&!'& de %e!&"$$l6a#'a cu& )$&.#e$!$"& de%e "e! "u*l$#6ad&   a $#c&!)&!:.la e al+ua" )a""a+e#" da &*!aÉ & ca"& de u d$:l&+& e#!e J&(& e Lu$=a/  ue ? *7 ue ?" uG N$#+u? l6e !e")&#deu !e)e$u a  )e!+u#a, e ua %&= de ul6e! )!&-e!$u u W? $X "&u euG 4ua"e $)e!ce)%el  M$ 4ue  !e)l$c&u J&(& a)!&<$a#d&."e  A $ Lu$=a  Tu\ G ) 80G O #a!!ad&! !ecece )&!?, de $ed$a&, a "ua $#ca)ac$dade )a!a $! a$"l&#+e, ad$$#d& a? a" -al6a" da !adu'(& 4ue a)!e"e#a/ Tud& $"& -&$ d$& e c!$&ul&/ #7" )&!? #(& e"a&" "e#6&!e" de""a l$#+ua+e a )&#& de )&de! !e-e!$!, #& d$alec& e)!e+ad& )el&" d&$" $#e!l&cu&!e", a c&#%e!"a'(& 4ue %a$ e!.>>. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    lu+a! Se#$&.l& )el& 4ue !e")e$a a Lu$=a )&! 4ua#& al+ua" da" e<)!e""e" dela #(& e!(& #& )&!u+u"  4ue e": a& #&""& alca#ce  a -&!'a 4ue #& c!$&ul& "e l6e" de%e l$+a! ) 80G Ma$"  -!e#e, & #a!!ad&! a)!&-u#da a !e-le<(& "&*!e & c!$&ul&, !e-e!$#.d&."e " %a!$a#e" a"cul$#a e -e$#$#a/ D$""e&" 4ue lae#:%a&" #(& "a*e! a#ea! a l$#+ua+e c!$&ula, 4ua#d& !a:&" de !e)!&du=$! a" -!a"e" de Lu$=a #(& #&" ac&#ece )&!? & e"& #& 4ue !e")e$a a& c!$&ul& d&" 6&e#" O c!$&ul&  )a""ad& )&! -e$#$#&" l:*$&" &a ua e<)!e""(& d&ce, a+!ad:%el, e!#a e  )!7)!$a a !e%ela! & $&, a $#+e#u$dade e a e$+u$ce da ala )&!?, #a" *&ca" a"cul$#a", ela  #(& "7 )e!de &da a +!a'a  "e#(& 4ue &!#a."e !$dcula, "e aca"&  c& a a-eca'(&  & 6&e *u"ca da!.l6e ua "ua%$dade, 4ue, a$#da a""$, ele #(& )&de )!e"a!.l6e )) >2.>5G C&#"$de!a'e" de"e $)& !e%ela. #&" u ceced&! *e a$" )!&-u#d&da !eal$dade d& a!4u$)?la+&  e, e  )a!$cula!, da $l6a de Sa#$a+&  d& 4uea4u$l& 4ue )&de!a&" e")e!a! É ce!& 4ue #(& "e !aa a$#da da4u$l& 4ue, )&!e8, e I!acea/ a !a#")&"$'(&)a!a & )&!u+u" d& We")!$&X da l#+ua d& &u!& Sea c&& -&!, ? $#de"e#.%el 4ue J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da %al&!$=a e d$+#$-$ca & c!$&ul&, #ua )e!")ec.$%a 4ue #(& )&de "e! c&#-u#d$da c& & e!& e<&$"&, "e#d& & )!$e$!& aa!$*u$!.l6e c$dada#$a l$e!:!$a C&& "e "a*e, & c!$&ul& de Ca*& Ve!de c&e'&u a -&!a!."e l&+& de)&$"d&  )&%&ae#&, )a""a#d& e "e+u$da  -a"e de c&#"&l$da'(& e $!!ad$a'(& )&! .>.

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   &d& & a!4u$)?la+& Se+u#d& Ma#uel Ve$+a10, &" )!$e$!&" e)&" e!(& "$d&de %e!dade$!a Ba*el l$#+u"$ca, )a""a#d&."e !a)$dae#e )a!a a c!$a'(& de WGu $#"!ue#& de c&u#$ca'(& a$#da u$& l$$ad& e ee!+e#e de c&#.-!&#&" e de ced#c$a" )&! )a!e d&" d$%e!"&" "$"ea" e  )!e"e#'a GX, &4ual e!: !e%e"$d& ce!ae#e a -&!a de u W)$d$#X 11 , WG )&! "e! ue$& de c&u#$ca'(& $#":%el 4ue #(& &*edece a ua e"!uu!a de-$#$da, c&)a!c&" !ecu!"&" le<$ca$" e +!aa$ca$", -u#c$&#a#d& a$" #a *a"e da )a!aa, )) 25.2; 11 P$d$# ? u WS$"ea de c&u#$ca'(& l$#+u"$ca 4ue ee!+e de c&#e<&" ul$l$#+ue",ca!ace!$=ad& )&! #(& e! -ala#e" #a$%&"X Ma!$a F!a#c$"ca AVIER e Ma!$a 9ele#a MATEUS,D$c$&#:!$& de Te!&" L$#+u"$c&", %&l I, L$"*&a, C&"&", 1330, ) 252G S&*!e & a""u#&, %d 9$l.d& 9!$& d& CONTO, I#!&du'(& a& E"ud& da" L#+ua" C!$&ula" e P$d$#", B!a"l$a, U#$%e!"$dadede B!a"l$a, 133>.>. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   Ad&l-& de Va!#6a+e#12, 4ue a#$-e"a!a a "ua "u!)!e"a c& & -ac& de )&u.c&" -ala!e a l#+ua )&!u+ue"a, 4ue de!a lu+a!  W!$dcula l$#+ua+e d& )a"X O)&#d&."e a e""a l$#6a de )e#"ae#&, J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da, a& ac&.l6e! & c!$&ul& e O E"c!a%&, e"a%a a "e! -$el  !eal$dade da ?)&ca, a& e"&e)& 4ue "u+e!$a a $)&!#c$a da l#+ua c&& !a'& da $de#$dade de u)&%& III855 Ou!&" !a'&" da $de#$dade ca*&.%e!d$a#a O !&a#ce e cau"a a)!e"e#a a*? u c&#u#& de &u!&" dad&", dee&! e#&+!:-$c&, 4ue c&la*&!a #a ca!ace!$=a'(& d& )&%& ca*&. %e!d$a#&,!e)!e"e#a#d& !a'&" da "ua $de#$dade C&e#a!e&" de "e+u$da &" 4ue #&")a!ece a$" !ele%a#e" III8551 A 6&")$al$dade Ju"$-$ca#d& & -!a#c& ac&l6$e#& d$")e#"ad& )&! Ma!$a#a e Ma!$a aL&)e", & #a!!ad&! !e-lece c& al+ua de&!a "&*!e e"e a")ec& da )e!"&#a.l$dade ca*&.%e!d$a#a, a""$ de#u#c$a#d& a*? a "ua c&#d$'(& de eu!&)eude &!$+e e a c&#d$'(& eu!&)e$a d&" le$&!e" a 4ue a &*!a ? d$!$+$da/ ue #(& $%e! %$"$ad& a" )la+a" a-!$ca#a", ac6a!:, al%e=, )&uc& %e!&"$l e"a 6&")$al$dade  &da *edu#a  c&#ced$da )&! ua "e#6&!a a u e"!a#+e$!&, cu& -u#d& ela a$#da #(& cece  *e Ma" #7"  4ue e"c!e%e&" #u )a" a-!$ca#&  )&de&"  )&! e<)e!$#c$a )!7)!$a  a-$a#'a! 4ue & ac&#ec$. 12 C&!&+!a-$a Ca*&.%e!d$a#a &u

De"c!$)'(& +e&+!a)6$c&.6$"&!$ca da P!&%$#c$a da" Il6a" de Ca*& Ve!dee Ku$#?, L$"*&a, Tf) de L C da Cu#6a, 1;1 .>3. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    e#& c& L&)e" ? e#&" d& 4ue c&"ua )!a$ca!."e a4u$ L&)e" !a=$a ua ca!a de !ec&e#da'(&  a""$#ada )&! u a$. +& de Cl:ud$&   #a 4ual "e a*&#a%a a" 4ual$dade" d& )&!ad&!/ &!a, "e a !e")&#"a*$l$dade &ada )&! u a$+& )ela" ac'e" d& $#d$%du&, 4ue !ec&e#da, &$%a a e"e ua c&!d$al !ece)'(&  a$#da e"& #&" )a"e" de a$" d$-c$l 6&")$al$dade   a 4ua#& #(& &*!$+a!: $+ual !ec&e#da'(& a4u$  &#de a" )&!a" "e a*!e, e a e"a "e -!a#4ue$a a &d&" &" eu!&)eu" dece#e", 4ue a "&!e !a= a e"e" $#"alu*!e" cl$a" E 4ue "e!$a d& "e!& eu!&)eu, "e l6e -ala""e a4u$ a (&  *e#$+#a, 4ue & auda a c&*ae! a ad%e!"$. dade ua#d&, le%ad& a& le$& de d&!   )ela %$&le#a -e*!e d& )a"  "e#$#d& & c?!e*!& e -&+&  & e)$+:"!$& &!u!ad& )&! a+u. d""$a" d&!e"  4ue -&!a dele  d$=e&"  "e 6&u%e""e de c&#a! u#$cae#e c& &" "eu" )!7)!$&" !ecu!"&" O" ded&" +ela. d&" da &!e %$!$a *!e%e $)!$$!."e.l6e "&*!e & c&!a'(&\ Ma", -el$=e#e, ele e#c&#!a a4u$  #(& a *e#e-$c$#c$a e"&la! 4ue 6u$l6a  a" a ca!$dade )u!a e de"$#e!e""ada, 4ue "ua%$=a e $#&!a & )adece! Ua" %e=e" ? & a$+&, 4ue %ela  ca*ece$!a de "eu le$&  &u!a", ? a e")&"a de""e a$+&, 4ue #(& dH%$da de de"ce! a& 4ua!& d& &!$*u#d&  e (&" del$cada" e )$ed&"a" l: %(& !e-!$+e!a! c& %$#a+!e a!&:$c& a" -&#e" e *!a"a d& )ade. ce#e  l: %(& a)l$ca! a" "a#+ue""u+a", &" e"ul&"  e #(& "e !e$!a, "e de$
Re+$e/ P&de!e" e "&c$edade", L$"*&a, Faculdade de C$#c$a" S&c$a$" e 9ua#a"da U#$%e!"$dade N&%a de L$"*&a, 2 a 8 de N&%e*!& de 2008 e A#7#$& Le(& C e SILVA,9$"7!$a" de u Sa6el I#"ula!, 2 ed$'(&, P!a$a, S)lee# Ed$'e", 133>, )) 0.1 1; I"& ?, WC&& e )a""ad& & "e#6&!X 18 WO 4ue "$+#$-$ca WV&u@e"&u *eX .1. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    III8555 A" c!e#'a" )&)ula!e" O #a!!ad&! d& !&a#ce #(& c6e+a )!&)!$ae#e a )e#e!a! #& ea!a#6a.d& u#d& da" c!e#'a" )&)ula!e" ca*&.%e!d$a#a", & 4ue "e c&)!ee#de ae#.de#d&  c$!cu#"#c$a de &  )!&a+&#$"a "e! u e"c!a%& 4ue !ece*eu ua edu.ca'(& c& ua -&!e d&$#a#e eu!&)e$a Me"& a""$, 6: )el& e#&" ua")ec& $)&!a#e a c&#"$de!a!/ a -e$$'a!$a, a""&c$ada  -$+u!a de JHl$a C&& a )!7)!$a e<)l$ca a J&(&, JHl$a #(& e!a )!&)!$ae#e ua -e$$ce$!a,e#d& "$d& & "eu a")ec& e#%el6ec$d& e d$"-&!e a %ale!.l6e e""e 4ual$-$ca$%&/ C6e+ue$ a e"a $l6a, &#de #(& cec$a #$#+u?/ 4ue -a=e! )&$" E"&le$ -u$ )ed$! & 7*&l& da ca!$dade a ua a*e!#a &#de e"a%a !eu#$d&" al+u#" e"c!a%&" A& a)!&<$a!.e, u dele" d$""e )a!a &" c&)a#6e$!&"/ Ol6e, &l6e, a4uela ? de ce!& ua -e$$ce$!a\ E &d&"  e %e= de e ae#de!e  -$=e!a.e -$+a" 1> !e)e$#d& a $ #(& 1  M$#6a !a=(& e"a%a u$& a*alada )a!a )&de! !e"$"$! a e"e #&%& c6&4ue\ ) 128G Ma$" a!de, & ca"& e a #ece""$dade le%a!(& JHl$a a a""u$! e""e e"au& de-e$$ce$!a, &u el6&!, de )e""&a 4ue )!e% & -uu!&/ E e""e" 4ue e -u+$a 4ua#d& c6e+ue$, %$e!a )&"e!$&!. e#e c&#"ula!.e "&*!e & "eu -uu!& e a)e"a! d& u$& 4ue e e"-&!'a%a )a!a c&#%e#c.l&" de 4ue eu #(& e!a -e$$ce$!a, ele" #(& 1> Fa=e! -$+a" e!a ua -&!a de a-u+e#a! -e$$ce$!a" 1 E<)!e""(& !adu=$da d& c!$&ul& Wa $ #auX, 4ue "$+#$-$ca Weu #(&X.2. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    e c!$a, e a#e" "$ e $#"a%a )a!a 4ue l6e"  )!ed$""e""e & "eu )&!%$! C!e$& 4ue & aca"& %e!$-$c&u al+u d&" eu" %a$c#$&", de -&!a 4ue e )&uc&" e"e" e %$ ce!cada de ua cl$e#ela c&#. "$de!:%el, a 4ual $#6a & cu$dad& de e !a=e! & $l6&, &" c&c&", a" *a#a#a" e u$&" &u!&" -!u&" 4ue e -$=e!a e"4uece! d&" )&*!e" cac!e" ) 12>G E"a&" )&!a#& u$& l&#+e da -e$$'a!$a al c&& ela ? e#e#d$da e#ue!&"a" "&c$edade" a-!$ca#a", e*&!a de%a "e! a""$#alada a c!e#'a da )&)u.la'(& #e+!a #&" )&de!e" d$%$#a7!$&" de JHl$a e a $#-lu#c$a de"a "&*!e & c&#.u#& d&" e"c!a%&" Ou!a c!e#'a )&)ula! )!e"e#e #a &*!a d$= !e")e$& a& P$c& da A#7#$a, &)&#& a$" al& da $l6a de Sa#$a+&, 4ue )a!a a )&)ula'(& $#6a & )&de! dec&*!a! & !$*u& da %$da a&" eu!&)eu" a!a%?" da -e*!e e#d?$ca da !e+$(&/ Ma", "e "&$" eu!&)eu, -u+$ dele )&!4ue & lu& 4ue & %ede" !aa! $#d$ca a a)!&<$a'(& d& e)& e 4ue ele c&*!a & !$*u& da" %$da", 4ue de%e )a+a!.l6e &" eu!&)eu" !e"$de#e" #a $l6a e 4ue ele d&$#a/ e 4ue "a*e "e, #e""e a#&, "e!: a %&""a ua da" %$da" e"c&l6$da" Fu+$, &6\ -u+$ d& P$c& d’A#7#$a\ %&" d$!: & )&%& da $l6a de S(& T$a+& -u+$  %&" d$!e&" #7"  )&!4ue ele  & P$c&  e u c&*!ad&! $#e<&!:%el, 4ue #(& ae#de!: " %&""a" !eclaa'e"/ )a$" dec!?)$&"  -$l6&" ad&le"ce#e"  $!(&", )a!e#e" %aleud$#:!$&", de 4ue "&$" & H#$c& a)a!&, a 4ue "e!%$" de e"e$& e a!!$&, #ada d$""& &*"a!: a 4ue "e cu)!a a "e#e#'a

-aal e "ua (& $)lac:%el %$!: a!!a#ca!.%&" a&" *!a'&" da e")&"a, )a!a -a=e!. %&" e#!a! #& !$*u& 4ue de%e le%a! a "eu .5. •

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    "e#6&! E""e c&*!ad&! e!!%el ? a )e!#$c$&"a -e*!e e#d?$ca d& )a"\ ) 115G C&& "e )e!ce*e )&! e"a )a""a+e, & #a!!ad&! e%$a c&e#a! &u !$d$.cula!$=a! a c!e#'a )&)ula!, ace$a#d&.a c&& ua $a+e 4ue d: c&#a dae"ca""a !e"$"#c$a d&" eu!&)eu" " a=ela" !&)$ca$" E"a&" a""$  )e!a#ea$" u "$#al da ae#'(& e da %al&!$=a'(& de ce!&" a")ec&" da culu!aca*&.%e!d$a#a )&! )a!e de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da III855; A" 6$"7!$a", a H"$ca e a da#'a C&& %$&" a!:", #& ca)ul& "&*!e & e")a'&, a ca"a d& *au4ue ? &e")a'& de la=e! d&" e"c!a%&", e*&!a e"$%e""e a*? a*e!& a 4ue #(&$%e""e e""a c&#d$'(& A da#'a e a H"$ca e!a a" )!$#c$)a$" ac$%$dade", a" a"6$"7!$a" a*? e#c&#!a%a a ac&l6$e#& Pel&" d&$" e, )) 82.8;, a!a%?" d&" e"c!a%&" T!aa."e de ua e")?c$e de !a*eca,-&!ada a )a!$! d& *&& de ua ca*a'a &u da cal&e de u c&c&, cua a*e!u!a ? c&*e!a c&ua e*!a#a de )ele de ca*!$& &u ca!#e$!&, cu!$da a!e"a#ale#e, "e!%$#d& de ca$
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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES    ua &ada )a!a a 4ual #7" #(& ac6a&" c&)a!a'(& 4ue a e<)l$. 4ue/  e#4ua#& 4ue ua da" (&" caa c& !e+ula!$dade  e<!a$#d& d& )a#& "&#" c&)a""ad&" e "ec&", a &u!a -a=$a &u%$! u !e$d&, ua e")?c$e de !u-&, 4ue ? &#de e": &da a del$cade. =a d& . Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    T!aa."e de ua de"c!$'(& *a"a#e e
 *au4ue, !e-&!'a#d& a""$ a a)!&<$a'(& e#!e &" d&$" +!u)&" e a" !&ca" 4ue&!#a!a e"$'a" a "&c$edade e a culu!a ca*&.%e!d$a#a".. •

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IV CONCLUSO C&#cluda e"a *!e%e le$u!a de O E"c!a%&, e")e!a&" e! c&#"e+u$d& &".!a! a "ua $)&!#c$a de e<& $#au+u!al/ #(& a)e#a" )&! -u#da! a -$c'(&ca*&.%e!d$a#a &u, )el& e#&", e Ca*& Ve!deG, a" a*?  e "&*!eud& )el& &l6a!  )&!e#&!$=ad& e +l&*ale#e de")$d& de )!ec&#ce$&" "&*!e &e")a'& -"$c& e "&c$al de Sa#$a+& e, l&+&, de &d& & a!4u$)?la+&G O !&a#cede J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da e a$#da a $)&!#c$a 6$"7!$a de de#u#c$a! )!e.c&cee#e a" $#$4u$dade" d& "$"ea e"cla%a+$"a e a" -al6a" d& &del& c&l&.#$al, "u+e!$#d& c& #$$de= a $de#$dade ca*&.%e!d$a#a e -&!a'(& P&! !:" da 6$"7!$a !&#$ca d& a&! $)&""%el e#!e u e"c!a%& #e+!&e a "ua "e#6&!a e"$'a, %a&" "e+u$#d& & !e!a& d&" %:!$&" +!u)&" de 4ue "ec&)u#6a a "&c$edade ca*&.%e!d$a#a da ?)&ca, & 4ue #&" )e!$e )e!ce*e! a"ua -e$'(& e"$'a  d&  )&#& de %$"a *$&l7+$c&, a" a*? culu!al  e a"e#"e" 4ue a a!ca e de 4ue a !e*el$(& &c&!!$da #e""e a#& de 158 e 4ue"e "$ua a $#!$+a ? u *& $#d$cad&! É )&""%el 4ue de"a+!ade a& le$&! c&#.e)&!#e& a c&#ce)'(& u a#& a#$4ue"a da 6$"7!$a &u a eu!&)e$=a'(&e, O E"c!a%&, L$"*&a, Tf)&+!a)6$a de K M Ma!$#" 133, O E"c!a%&, L$#da.a. Vel6a, ALACB BIBLIOKRAFIA PASSIVAALMEIDA, Cl:ud$a Be!#a!dee Ve$+a de 2003, WO e"c!a%&X/ E#!e a $de#$dade ca*&%e!d$a#a e a l$e!au!a eu!&)?$a, d$""e!a. '(& de Me"!ad& e E"ud&" C&)a!ad&" de L$e!au!a" de L#+ua P&!. u+ue"a S(& Paul&, Faculdade de F$l&"&-$a, Le!a" e C$#c$a" 9ua#a" da USPABDALA JhNIOR, Be#a$# 2002, F!&#e$!a" MHl$)la", Ide#$dade" Plu!a$"/ U e#"a$& "&*!e e"$'a+e e 6$*!$. d$"& culu!al, S(& Paul&, SENAC

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ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   ALEANDRE, Vale#$ e DIAS, J$ll 133, N&%a 9$"7!$a da E<)a#"(& P&!u+ue"a O I)?!$& A-!$ca#& 128.130G, L$"*&a, Ed$&!$al E"a)aBARBOSA, J&!+e 13;1, A*$e#e, P!a$a, T$) M$#e!%a de Ca*& Ve!deBRSIO, A#7#$& 13;>, WO Pad!e A#7#$& V$e$!a e a" M$""e" de Ca*& Ve!deX, $# P&!u+al e -!$ca, 2 "?!$e, a#& III, #Y 1, L$"*&aCARDOSO, Ped!& M&#e$!& 1350, 9e")?!$da"/ -!a+e#&" de u )&ea )e!d$d& e !$"e e $"e!a#d& #au-!:+$&, V$la N&%a de Faal$c(&, T$)&+!a-$a WM$#e!%aXCARREIRA, A#7#$& 135, O C!$&ul& de Ca*& Ve!de  Su!& e E<)a#"(&, 2 ed$'(&, L$"*&a, "@eCARVAL9O, Al*e!& 133, WD& Cla""$c$"& a& Real$"& #a Cla!$dadeX, $# Cae"  Re%$"a de Le!a" e Culu!a" Lu"7-&#a", #Y 1, A*!$l.Ju#6&, L$"*&a, I#"$u& Cae", )) 20.50CARRIJO, Fa*!$=$a de S&u=a 200, A Bu"ca da Ade4ua'(& e#!e F&!a" L$e!:!$a" e M&e#& 9$"7!$c&/ U e"ud& c&)a!a$%& e#!e WO Kua!a#$X de J&"? de Ale#ca! e WO e"c!a%&X de J&"? E%a..>. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da    !$"& de Ale$da, d$""e!a'(& de Me"!ad& e E"ud&" C&)a!ad&" de L$e. !au!a" de L#+ua P&!u+ue"a S(& Paul&, Faculdade de F$l&"&-$a, Le!a" e C$#c$a" 9ua#a" da USPCONTO, 9$ld& 9!$& d& 133>, I#!&du'(& a& E"ud& da" L#+ua" C!$&ula" e P$d$#", B!a"l$a, U#$%e!"$dade de B!a"l$aDAVIDSON, Ba"$l 131, O" A-!$ca#&"  Ua $#!&du'(&  "ua 6$"7!$a culu!al, L$"*&a, Ed$'(& 0DUCROT, O"iald e TODOROV, T=%ea# 13, D$c$&#:!$& da" C$#c$a" da L$#+ua+e, 8 ed, L$"*&a, Pu*l$ca'e" D u$. <&eFRANQA, A!#ald& F!a#ca 133, WE%&lu'(& da L$e!au!a ca*&. %e!d$a#aX, $# De"c&*e!a da" Il6a" de Ca*& Ve!de, P!a$a, A9NKARMES, 9elde! 1333, A C&#%e#'(& F&!ad&!a Ua c&#!$*u$'(& )a!a a 6$"7!$a d&  )e!$&d$"& l$e. !:!$& #a" c&l^#$a" )&!u+ue"a", Te"e de D&u&!ad& a)!e"e#ada  u#& a& De)a!ae#& de Le!a" Cl:""$ca" e Ve!#:cula" S(& Paul&, Faculdade de F$l&"&-$a, Le!a" e C$#c$a" 9ua#a" da USP .. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   KOMES, S$&#e Ca)u& 200, WOl6a!e" !a#"%e!"a$" da e"c!$a l$e!:!$a "&*!e a culu!a $de#$:!$a d& a!4u$)?la+&/ d& d$lea d& )!$e$!&’ !&a#ce ca*&.%e!d$a#&  )!&du'(& c&#e)&!#eaX, c&u#$ca'(& a)!e"e#ada a& I C&#+!e""& da ABRA. LIC/ Te""$u!a", I#e!a'e", C&#%e!+#c$a", U#$%e!"$dade de S(& Paul&, 15.1 de Ju#6& de 200 d$")&#%el e 6)/@@iiia*!al$c&!+*!@c&#+ 200@A#a$"O#l$#e@"$)&"$&"@)d-@001@SIMONEKOMES)dj13@1@2010kG9AMON, F6$l$)e 13>, WPa!a u e"au& "e$&l7+$c& da  )e!"&#a+eX, $# AAVV, Cae+&!$a" da Na!!a$%a, &!+ de Ma!$a Al=$!a Se$<& L$"*&a, A!c:d$a9ERNANDE_, Le$la Le$e 2002, O" F$l6&" da Te!!a d& S&l A -&!a'(& d& E"ad& Na'(& e Ca*& Ve!de, S(& Paul&, Suu"LARANJEIRA, J L P$!e" 1332, De Le!a e R$"e/ Ide#$dade, au&#&$a e &u!a" 4ue"e" #a" l$e!au!a" de A#+&la, Ca*& Ve!de, M&'a*$4ue e S T&? e P!#c$)e, P&!&, A-!&#ae#&LOPES FIL9O, J&(& 13>, Ca*& Ve!de  A)&#ae#&"

E#&+!:-$c&", L$"*&a, "@eLOPES FIL9O, J&(& c&)$lG 133, V&=e" da Culu!a Ca*&.%e!d$a#a/ Ca*& Ve!de %$"& )&! ca*&.%e!d$a#&", L$". *&a, Ule$!&.. •

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Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   MARIANO, Ka*!$el 1331, Culu!a Ca*&.%e!d$a#a/ E#"a$&", L$"*&a, Ve+aMONTEIRO, F?l$< 1332, WA I)!e#"a e Ca*& Ve!deX, $# N&c$a", a#& V, #Y >3OLIVEIRA, J&(& N&*!e de 133, A I)!e#"a Ca*&. %e!d$a#a/ 1320.138, Macau, Fu#da'(& de MacauOLIVER, R&la#d e FAKE, J D 130, B!e%e 9$"7!$a de -!$ca, L$"*&a, S: da C&"aPEREIRA, Da#$el A 13;, A S$ua'(& da Il6a de Sa#$a+& #& 1Y ua!el d& S?cul& VIII, "@l, I#"$. u& Ca*&.%e!d$a#& d& L$%!&REIS, Ca!l&" e LOPES, A#a C!$"$#a M 13, D$c$&#:!$& de Na!!a&l&+$a, C&$*!a, L$%!a!$a Aled$#aSANTOS, Ma!$a El"a R&d!$+ue" d&" 133, bO E"c!a%&, !&a#ce d& "?cul& I de J&"? E%a!$"& de Ale$da, e a" )!$e$!a" a!ca" da #ac$&#al$dade l$e!:!$a ca*&%e!d$a#a, $# Fe!#a#d& CRISTgVO e al$$ c&&!dG, Nac$&#al$"& e Re+$&#al$"& #a" L$e!au!a" Lu"7-&. #a", L$"*&a, Ed$'e" C&"&", )) ;55.;5 .3. ALBERTO FRANCISCO MENDES LOPES   SILVA, A#7#$& Le(& C e 133>, 9$"7!$a" de u Sa6el I#"ula!, 2 ed$'(&, P!a$a, S)lee# Ed$'e"SILVA, Ca!l&" da 133>, WR&a#$"& e ca*&%e!d$a#$dade/ )!&*lea$=a'(& da $de#$dade e O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& de Ale$daX, $# A[!7)&l$"  Re%$"a de C$#. c$a" 9ua#a" da UNIPAR, V&l ;, #Y 1; d$")&#%el e 6)/@@!e%$"a" u#$)a!*!@a[!&)&l$"@a!$cle@%$ei@1>>0@1;5 j1@01@2010kGSILVA, V&! Ma#uel de A+u$a! 13, Te&!$a da L$e!au!a,  ed$'(&, C&$*!a, L$%!a!$a Aled$#aSOARES, Ma!$a J&(& 2008, WbC!$&ul&" $#d7$&" e %ad$&"/ Ide#$dade e c!$&ul$=a'(& e Ca*& Ve!de  S?cul&" VII.VIIIX, $# Aca" d& C&#+!e""& I#e!#ac$&#al bE")a'& Al#$c& de A#$+& Re+$e/ P&de!e" e "&c$edade", L$"*&a, Faculdade de C$#c$a" S&c$a$" e 9ua#a" da U#$%e!"$dade  N&%a de L$"*&a, 2 a 8 de N&%e*!& de 2008 d$")&#%el e 6)/@@c%c$#"$u&. ca&e")@eaa!@c&l&4u$&@ c&u#$cac&e"@a!$a&a&"&a!e")dj1@01@2010kGTALAN, N$[$ca TALAN 2008, WI# e&!$a  e"4uec$da A#7#$a Ke!!ude" Pu"$c6X, $# SRA_, L, )) 1;8.132 d$")&#%el e 6!ca["!ce6!@-$le@2>> j21@01@2010kGTODOROV, T=%ea# 13, P&?$ca, L$"*&a, Te&!ea.30. Ua le$u!a d& !&a#ce O E"c!a%&, de J&"? E%a!$"& d’Ale$da   TOMA_IN9O, Ma!$a J&"? Clee#e 133>, Ua Pe!")ec$%a da" Rela'e" e#!e Se#6&!e" e E"c!a%&" #a Il6a de Sa#$a+& #a P!$e$!a Meade d& S?cul& I, d$""e!a'(& de Me"!ad& e L$e!au!a e Cul. u!a d&" Pa"e" A-!$ca#&" de E<)!e""(& O-$c$al P&!u+ue"a L$"*&a, Facul. dade de C$#c$a" S&c$a$" e 9ua#a" da U#$%e!"$dade N&%a de L$"*&aVEIKA, Ma#uel 133>, O C!$&ul& de Ca*& Ve!de/ I#!&du'(&  +!a:$ca, S V$ce#e, I#"$u& Ca*&%e!dea#& d& L$%!& e d& D$"c&VEIKA, Ma#uel c&&!dG 133, Ca*& Ve!de/ I#"ula!$dade e l$e!au!a, Pa!$", Za!6alaAVIER, Ma!$a F!a#c$"ca e MATEUS, Ma!$a 9ele#a &!+G 1330, D$c$&#:!$& de Te!&" L$#+u"$c&", %&l I, L$"*&a, C&"&" .31.

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