Anatomi dan Histologi HipotalamusDeskripsi lengkap
Full description
Informe de Histología: "HIPOTÁLAMO-HIPÓFISIS", del 2do año del curso de histología humana del departamento de MORFOLOGIA HUMANA, de la FMUNT.Descripción completa
half-life of 20-25 minutes and is predominantly cleared by the lier! "eak leels occur in 2-# hours and actie blood leels persist for appro$imately %& hours!
Farmakodinamik
Efek untuk pertumbuhan
"rader-.illi
produksi I'F-(
/gagal
Stimulasi produksi
tumbuh)
I'F-( di tulang)
obesitas
kartilago) otot dan
intoleransi
gin*al!
karbohidrat1
Stimulasi
Efek anabolic + masa otot Efek katabolic + obesitas
De,siensi '
syndrome
tulang pan*ang
dimediasi melalui
pertumbuhan
Indikasi
sensiitas insulin
urner urner syndrome
Efek samping toksisitas iperinsulinemia ringan) I3) "eripheral edema) myalgias) and arthralgias "ancreatitis) gynecomastia) and neus gro4th) arpal tunnel syndrome
Dosis
Sediaan
6ulai+ 0!025 mg7kg7hari dapat ditingkatkan 0!0#5 mg7kg7hari
Somatrem /"rotropin1 "arenteral+ "arenteral+ 5) (0 mg for subcutaneous or I6 in*ection Somatropin /'enotropin) umatrope) 9utropin) 9utropin :;) 9orditropin) Sai
Somatropin in*eksi suspense /preparat long-acting rh'1 + (!5 mg7kg7bula n or 0!85 mg7kg 2$7bulan
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Octreotid e /analog somatost atin1
plasma elimination half-life of octreotide is about =0 minutes
Inhibisi '
sekresi insulin
ge*ala akibat tumor+ :kromegali
arcinoid syndrome
'lucagonoma
9esidioblastosi s
.atery diarhhea
ipokalemia
achlorhydria /.D:1 syndrome
diabetic diarrhea kontrol perdarahan
nausea) omiting) abdominal cramps) >atulence) and steatorrhea ?iliary sludge and gallstones) sinus bradycardia /25@1 and conduction disturbances) Aitamin ?(2 de,ciency
50-200 mcg subkutan setiap = *am
"arenteral+ 0!05) 0!() 0!2) 0!5) (!0 mg7mB for subcutaneous or IA administration "arenteral depot in*ection /Sandostatin B:C Depot1+ (0) 20) %0 mg for I6 in*ection
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Obat
Farmakokinetik
'onadotr opin 6enotrop in rofollitro pin /FS like actiity1 h'
Farmakodinamik
gonadotropins and
half-life of intraenous gonadorelin is # minutes) and the
6ale+ hot >ushes and s4eats) edema) gynecomas tia) decreased libido) decreased hematocrit) reduced bone density) asthenia)
"arenteral+ "arenteral+ 5 mg7mB in multiple-dose ials) or 8!5 mg po4der in a single-use kit) or %0 mg /#-month depot1) #5 mg /&-month depot1 in a single-dose kit for
leimyomata
"rostate cancer
"ubertas prekoks sentral
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Obat
Farmakokinetik
'9C receptor antagonis ts 'anireli$ cetroreli$
absorbed rapidly after subcutaneous in*ection
Dopamin e :gonists ?romocri ptine) cabergoli ne) and pergolide
abergoline) 4ith a half-life of appro$imately &5 hours "ergolide and uinagolide hae half-lies of about 20 hours half-life of bromocriptine is about 8 hours high aJnity for dopamine D2
Farmakodinamik
Indikasi
absorbed rapidly after
Efek samping toksisitas nausea and headache
Dosis
subcutaneou s in*ection
Inhibisi pelepasan
prolaktin
iperprolaktine mia
:cromegaly
nausea) headache) lightheadedness ) orthostatic hypotensio n) and fatigue
abergoline 0!25 mg t4ice 4eekly orally or aginally! ma$imum of ( mg t4ice 4eekly ?romocriptine initial dose of (!25 mg
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Aasopres sin /antidiure tic hormone) :D1 Desmopr essin
Aasopressin is administered by intraenous or intramuscular in*ection half-life of circulating asopressin is appro$imately (5 minutes Desmopressin can be administered intraenously) subcutaneously) intranasally) or orally he half-life of circulating desmopressin is (!5-2!5 hours
A2 receptors are found on renal tubule cells and reduce diuresis through increased 4ater permeability and 4ater resorption in the collecting tubules
Diabetes insipidus
eadache) nausea) abdominal cramps) agitation) and allergic reactions occur rarely hyponatrem ia and sei
desmopressin is (0-#0 mcg /0!(-0!# mB1 in t4o to three diided doses as a nasal spray or) as an oral tablet) 0!(-0!2 mg t4o to three times daily! he dosage by in*ection is (# mcg /0!25-( mB1 eery (22# hours as needed for polyuria) polydipsia) or hypernatremi a
Desmopressin /DD:A") generic) 6inirin) Stimate1 9asal+ 0!() (!5 mg7mB solution 9asal+ 0!( mg7mB spray pump and rhinal tube deliery system "arenteral+ # mcg7mB solution for IA or subcutaneous in*ection Oral+ 0!() 0!2 mg tablets Aasopressin /generic) "itressin1 "arenteral+ 20 pressor I7mB for I6 or subcutaneous administration
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Obat hioamid es "ropylthi ouracil
Farmakokinetik epat diabsobsi 6encapai leel puncak dalam serum setelah ( *am ?ioaaibilitas 50=0@ 6ele4ati barier plasenta dan terkonsentrasi oleh
Farmakodinamik
3er*a uta)a untuk mencegah sintesis hormone oleh inhibisi thyroid pero$idasecataly
Indikasi ipertiroid tirotoksikosis
Efek samping toksisitas nausea dan gastrointestinal distress) maculopapular pruritic rash *arang+ urticarial rash) asculitis) a lupus-like reaction) lymphadenopath
Dosis 'rae disease (00-(50 mg setiap & atau = hours Diikuti maintenance 50-(50 mg sekali7hari 3risis tiroid propylthioura
potassium iodide) 5 drops 2$7hari 9eonatal 'raesL Disease BugolLs solution /= mg of iodide per drop1)
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Obat
Farmakokinetik
"engham bat 6' o: Ceduktas e Statin
Diabsorpsi sekitar #0-85@) kecuali >uastatin 6engalami metabolism lintas pertama di hati .aktu paruh (-% *am) kecuali atorastatin (# *am dan rosuastatin /( *am1 Sebagian besar terikat dengan protein plasma
Farmakodinamik Inhibisi en
Indikasi ipe iperl rlip ipid idem emii
Efek samping toksisitas 6iop 6iopat atii rabdomiolisis 'angguan saluran cerna) sakit kepala) rash) neuropati perifer dan sindrom lupus
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Obat ?iguanid 6etformi n
Farmakokinetik half-life of (!5-% hours tidak berikatan dengan protein plasma
Farmakodinamik
Indikasi
6enurunkan glukoneogenesis di hati dan gin*al 6elambatkan absorbs glukosa dari traktus gastrointestinal) dengan peningkatan glukosa men*adi laktat yang dikonersi oleh enterocytesM Bangsung menstimulasi glikolisis di *aringan 6enurunkan leel glucagon