Packed Bed Distillation Column Lab Report

EKB 2131 – Chemical Engineering Lab - III

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering (Hons) LAB REPORT

EKB 2131 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ENGINEERING LAB - III

EXPERIMENT TITLE

PACKE BE I!"ILLA"I#$ C#L%&$

NAME OF CANDIDATE WITH REG NO.

!HA&I$I !A"HI'EL

SESSION DATE

22h #C"#BE 2*1+, "hrs.a/

DATE OF SUBMISSION

20"H #C"#BE 2*1+, "hrs.a/

NAMES OF GROUP MEMBERS N . 1 2 3

REG N.

NAME

1****13 1****+

!angi.ha egahesan !asi 'arnan

SIGNATURES

MARKING DETAILS

TOTAL

MARKS AWARDED

Pariciaion an. Ai.e

(Name ! Fa"#$%& S#'e)*+*, TABLE OF CONTENTS M.Aa+# U%%aa,

Lab eor CHEM. ENGG. LAB-I/ INCHARGE (D. T/N. Pa0me+Aa+# U%%a,

"oal Page 1


S. NO.

DESCRIPTION

PAGE NO.

Absrac

3

1

Inro.cion

3

2

&aerials an. &eho.s

+

3

esls an. iscssions

4



Conclsions an. ecommen.aions

5

+

eferences

0

Aen.i6

0

ABSTRACT Page 2


"he e6erimen 7as carrie. o o s./ he rocess of ac8e. be. .isillaion colmn9 "he e6erimen 7as con.ce. n.er oal refl6 con.iion9 "he moles fracion of mehanol in fee., resi.e an. .isillae 7as .eermine. b/ he grah of 9I :s9 6 correson.ing o refraci:e in.e6es reseci:el/9 "he mole fracion of mehanol in fee., ; 7as .eermine. o be *934 moles9 "he mole fracion of mehanol of resi.e B 7as .eermine. o be *92+ moles9 "he mole fracion of mehanol of .isillae  7as o be *9*+49 "he error ha 7as calclae. is 29<19 "he :ale of minimm laes, $m ha 7as calclae. is *959

1. INTR INTROD ODUC UCTI TION ON 1.1.

D*+%*$$a%*,

isillaion is .efine. as a rocess in 7hich a li=i. or :aor mi6re of 7o or more sbsances ha:ing .ifferen :aor ressres is searae. ino is comonen fracions of .esire. ri/, b/ he alicaion of hea >1?9 @hen he :aors of he boiling mi6re is coole. an. con.ense., he con.ensae 7ill conain more :olaile comonens (lo7 boiling oin)9 As .isillaion rogresses, he original original mi6re 7ill conain conain more of less :olaile maerial (high boiling oin)9 oin)9 een.ing on he concenraions of he comonens resen, he li=i. mi6re 7ill ha:e .ifferen boiling oin characerisics9 isillaion occrs becase of :aor ressres of he comonens in he li=i. mi6re9 If relai:e :olaili/ is :er/ close o 1, he/ ha:e similar :aor ressres an. hence, i 7ill be .ifficl o searae he 7o comonens b/ .isillaion >1?9 isillaion is a ni oeraion caable of ro.cing re sbsance from li=i. mi6res9

1.1.2 Application of Distillation •

• • •

isill isillaio aion n has long long been been se. as he seara searaion ion rocess rocess in chemic chemical al an. erolem erolem in.sries isillaion echnolog/ is alie. in harmaceical, chemical, foo., an. alcohol in.sries isillaion is se. in refineries for fracionaing cr.e oil o ro.ce man/ chemicals I is se. in .isiller/ for ro.cing alcohol

1.1.3 Types of Distillation Columns Page 3


"here are man/ /es of .isillaion colmns, each .esigne. o erform secific /es of searaions an. each .esign .iffers in erms of comle6i/9 A fe7 common /es are gi:en belo7

•

As bach an. coninos rocesses base. on ho7 he/ are oerae.9 As binar/ or mli-comonen .isillaion rocesses base. on he nmber of comonens in

•

he fee.9 As ra/ or ac8e. .isillaion colmns base. on he /e of colmn inernals9

•

1.2 Pa"e0 Be0 C$#m,

Pac8e. be. colmns are se. mos ofen for absorion, li=i.-li=i. e6racion an. .isillaion9 "his e6erimen 7as con.ce. o s./ he oeraion of ac8e. be. .isillaion colmn9 "he ac8ing ro:i.es a large srface area for :aor - li=i. conac9 "he fee. mi6re conains comonens of .ifferen :olailiies, an. eners he colmn aro6imael/ a he mi..le9 "he li=i. flo7s flo7s .o7n7a .o7n7ar. r. hrog hrogh h he ac8in ac8ing, g, an. he :aor :aor flo7s flo7s 7ar. 7ar. hrogh hrogh he colmn colmn >2?9 >2?9 ifferences in concenraion case he less-:olaile comonens o ransfer from he :aor hase o he li=i. hase9 Afer he fee. mi6re eners he colmn i flo7s .o7n he colmn hrogh he ac8ing coner crrenl/ an. conacs he rising :aor sream9 "he li=i. a he boom eners a reboiler9 "7o sreams e6i he reboiler a :aor sream, 7hich rerns o he colmn, an. a li=i. ro.c sream9 "he :aor sream flo7s 7ar. hrogh he ac8ing, ic8s  he more :olaile comonens, e6is he colmn, an. eners en ers a con.enser9 Afer he :aor con.enses, he sream eners a refl6 .rm, 7here i is sli ino an o:erhea. ro.c sream, 8no7n as he .isillae, an. a refl6 sream ha is rec/cle. bac8 o he colmn >2?9

1.2.1. Advantages Advantages of Packed Bed Column • •

• •

&os cos-efficien .isillaion colmn 7hen he .iameer of he colmn is less han *9< m9 Becase ac8ing can be ma.e from iner maerials, ac8e. be.s are able o han.le corrosi:e maerials >2?9 Lo7er ressre .ro han in lae colmns9 oo. for hermall/ sensii:e li=i.s Page 4


1.2.2. Disadvantages of Packed Bed Column • • •

Pac8ing can brea8 .ring insallaion, or .e o hermal e6ansion9 $o cos efficien for high li=i. flo7 raes9 Conac efficiencies are .ecrease. 7hen he li=i. flo7 rae is oo lo7 >2?9

2. MAT MATERIALS ERIALS AND METHO METHODS DS

/AL/E ;ee. !l/ 'al:e for ;nnel Air 'en 'al:e of 'essel @aer ;lo7 Conrol 'al:e Air 'en 'al:e of Con.enser 'al:e for isillaion Collecion rain 'al:e of 'essel

'1 '2 '3 ' '+ '<

2.1 Starting Procedure

19 29 39 9 +9 <9 49

&ehanol &ehanol 7aer solio solion n is reare. reare. b/ mi6ing mi6ing 8no7n 8no7n amon amon of 7aer an. an. mehanol mehanol "he oal oal amon amon of soli solion on is is 1+L 1+L "he :ol :olme me of 7aer 7aer an. an. mehano mehanoll 7as noe. noe. .o7n .o7n '1- '< :al:es 7as close. All he s7iches s7iches on he he anel anel 7ere ensre. ensre. o be a #;; osiion osiion99 "he 7aer 7aer is fille fille. . in he he col. col. 7ae 7aerr an8 an8 "he reboil reboiler er 7as fille. fille. 7ih mehano mehanoll 7aer solio solion n b/ oening oening he :al:e :al:e ' 1 an. air :en

:al:e '2 59 'al:e '1 an. ' 2 7as close. 09 "he elecri elecrici/ ci/ 7as conn connece ece. . o he he se9 se9 1*9 "he rocess rocess emerare emerare 7as 7as se a 0* C9 119 "he heaer an. cooling 7aer m m 7as sare.9 129 "he col. 7aer flo7 7as 7as a.Dse. b/ he roameer roameer :al:e o a mo.erae :ale9 139 "he c/clic emera emerare re 7as se for oal refl69 refl69 19 @a @ai i 2+-3* mine for he s/sem o achie:e sea./ sae9 1+9 !amles from he boom  .isillae sream 7ere a8en o9 1<9 "he samles 7ere coole. o room emerare an. he refraci:e in.ices 7ere measre. 

2.2 Closing Procedure

19 "he 7aer 7aer sl/ sl/ 7as soe. soe. 7hen he e6erim e6erimen en 7as o:er9 o:er9 Page 5


29 "he m, m, heaer heaer an. an. he main main o7er o7er sl/ sl/ 7as 7as s7iche. s7iche. off9 off9 39 Colmn, Colmn, refl6 refl6 .rm, .rm, recei:ing recei:ing an8 an. an. 7aer 7aer an8 7ere 7ere .raine.9 .raine.9 9 "he "he :esse :essels ls 7ere 7ere .rain .raine. e. afer afer he he eme emera rar ree fell fell .o7n .o7n o amos amosh heri ericc res ress sre re b/ oening :al:e '<9

2.3 ormulae used

"o calclae he moles of mehanol in fee. M F ρV

(1

"o calclae he moles of mehanol in resi.e B

x F x D x B x D

× F

(2

F x F

(3

BxB

αIn

F 1 x F

(4

B 1 x B

"o calclae he error E5

F x F BxB

-

αIn

F 1 x F

(6

B 1 x B

"o calclae minimm nmber of laes x D 1 x B N m

x B 1 x D

71

(8

Inα

;igre 1 sho7s he bloc8 .iagram of ac8e. be. .isillaion colmn9 "he se- consiss of ac8e. colmn, 7hich is ac8e. 7ih glass rasching rings9 An elecricall/ heae. reboiler is insalle. a he Page 6


boom of he colmn9 A an8 is ro:i.e. o collec he boom ro.c9 !hell an. be /e con.enser is ro:i.e. o con.ensae he :aor9 A an8 7ih m an. roameer is ro:i.e. for circlaion circlaion of cooling cooling 7aer9 efl6 .rm is ro:i.e. ro:i.e. o collec collec he con.ensae9 con.ensae9 ecei:ing an8 is for collecing he .isillae9 rain :al:es are ro:i.e. for .rainage rose9

F*#e 19 B$" D*aam ! Pa"e0 Be0 D*+%*$$a%*, C$#m,

3. RESUL RESULT TS AND AND DISCUS DISCUSSIO SION N ;rom he grah sho7n in ;igre 2 as sho7n in Aen.i6, he mole fracion of mehanol in fee., ; 7as .eermine. o be *935 moles9 "he mole fracion of mehanol of resi.e B 7as .eermine. o be *92+ moles9 "he mole fracion of mehanol of .isillae  7as o be *9*+49 "able 1 sho7s he rea.ings of refraci:e in.e6 of he samle a8en for e:er/ + min iner:al9 ;rom able 1 i can be seen ha he emerare increases as he ime increase an. .ecrease a he final ime a8en9 "he refraci:e in.e6 changes hrogho he e6erimen9 "his error col. be occrre. 7hile a8ing he rea.ings in .ecimal laces hrogh refracomeer as he .ifference be7een he conseci:e rea.ings are :er/ small9 Page 7


Ta:$e Ta:$e 19 Re!a"%*)e *,0e; ea0*, T*me + 1* 1+ 2* 2+

T%a$ e!$#; ",0*%*, T C 5+91 5492 509< 0*92 5093

R. I 19333* 19335 1933<0 1933<* 19324

"able 2 sho7s he heoreical an. e6erimenal :ales of mole fracion of mehanol in li=i. hase9 I can be seen ha he :ales of mole fracion of mehanol mehanol e6erimenal are higher :ales han he :ales of mole fracion in heoreical9 "his col. be .e o some errors .ring he e6erimen9 "he error col. be 7hile calclaing he rea.ings 7ih .ecimal laces o sol:e he follo7ing re=ire. :ariables9

Ta:$e 29 Tee%*"a$ a,0 E;'e*me,%a$ )a$#e+ ! m$e !a"%*, ! me%a,$ *, $*<#*0 'a+e T*me 1* 2* 3* * +* <*

X *9*+ *9*++5 *915+< *91251 *9*3<0 *9*+35

X the *922+ *932* *9<<2 *9 *91+< *921+

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

"he e6erimen 7as carrie. o o s./ he rocess of ac8e. be. .isillaion colmn9 "he e6erimen 7as con.ce. n.er oal refl6 con.iion9 con.iion9 "he error ha 7as calclae. is 29<19 "he :ale of minimm laes, $m ha 7as calclae. is *959 "here is lile recommen.aion ha shol. be consi.ere. for his e6erimen9 &ore rea.ings shol. be a8en o see he sea./ sae of he .isillaion rocess9 A roer sorce of ligh shol. be ro:i.e. 7hile a8ing he rea.ings of refraci:e in.e6 hrogh he refracomeer9

Page 8


6. REFERENCES 19 "re/ "re/bal bal,, 9 9 E9 E9 (105 (1051) 1)99 Mass Transfer Transfer Operation9 Operation9 &cra7 Hill9

29 hFFenc/ hFFenc/cloe. cloe.ia9che ia9che9engi 9engin9mi n9mich9e. ch9e.FPages FPagesF!eara F!earaionsC ionsChemical hemicalFisil Fisillaion laionColm ColmnsF nsF isillaionColmns9hml 39 hsFF777 hsFF7779s 9scrib.9 crib.9comF. comF.ocF21 ocF2102*2 02*240
APPENDIX Da%a

elai:e :olaili/ G &oleclar 7eigh of mehanol && &oleclar 7eigh of @a @aer er &@ Enhal/ of fee. H; Pac8e. heigh 

3932 32 gFmole 15 gFmole * 8F8mole *90* m

F*#e 29 R.I )+ ;

Page 9


Ta:$e 39 /a$#e ! R.I :a+e0 , %ee%*"a$ m$e !a"%*, ! me%a,$

 ' "f 9I ; 9I B 9I 

"oal "oal efl6 Con.iion Con.iio n 1 29+ Lire 0*MC 1933** 1933+< 19324

"he roer/ of mehanol of mehanol () a emerare "J; from .aa boo8

'  4529441 8gFm3 ;  *935   *9*+4 Page 10


B  *92+

M M × 1000 F ρV

(1

782.771 X 15

5

32 x 1000

5 =.3> m$e

B

x F x D x B x D

× F

(2

0.380.057

5

× 0.37

0.2500.057

5 =.81? .m$e

F x F

(3

BxB 0.37 × 0.37

5 I, @

0.040 × 0.240



5 1=.33

αIn

F 1 x F

(4

B 1 x B 0.3710.036

53.32 I,

0.04010.240

5 .1>

E =

F x F BxB

-

αIn

F 1 x F B 1 x B

= 10.33 -8.17 Page 11

(6


= 2.16

x D 1 x B N m

x B 1 x D

71

(8

Inα

0.056 0.056 10.240 10.240



0.240 0.240 10.056 10.056

-1

3.32

 *95

Page 12


Page 13

Packed Bed Distillation Column Lab Report

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