Periodismo en Tiempo Real

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GVRGZHGMOHE_ X ZGPA_

ËM@HOG Rgzha`hska x gm phgkra zgec G_PFGZ ÊZDE_

4

52 oases uwg resezåm gm :25?< /:25?Pzgm`s LA_È CWH_ AZHFWGCE

52

Oases uwg wm Oakkwmhpx Kemedgz `gjg sejgz IEZGM @G CE FA\

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Gmpzg spzgekhmds x pwhps< cwogs x sakjzes `gc rgzha`hska gm phgkra zgec ECGLEM@ZA ZA_P

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Hmspedzek x ce napadzenëe reze paàs FWDA RE__EZGCCA

58

Rgzha`hska oam skezprfamg OEZCA_ G- DEZOËE

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Wm jcad chpgzezha gm phgkras `g ce oh~hch|eohÿm `gc gsrgo+ påowca LEHKG OEJZGZE

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Gc cgmdwelg `hdhpec x gc oazzgopaz :-2 ÜZ_WCE ^GCG\KAZA

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±Uwè rzaxgopas g`hpazhecgs phgmgm cas gvpzepgzzgspzgs1 KEZOA E^HCÈ_

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Oekjha `g ofhr gm Gc _ec~eàz JCEMOE EJEZOE

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Gc zgpa rgzha`ësphoa `g ces zg`gs saohecgs< _aohec Kg`he Rzgss Ofeccgmdg :25:

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Mwg~as kg`has x gc rzaogsa gcgopazec GZMG_PA EZAOFG

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Rgzha`hska gm phgkra zgec< rgzha`hska zgec ÈCKGZ KGMLËÊZ

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Zgèoohamgs< Owemà gc oera paoe ce rwgzpe @EZËA @Å^HCE

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@g ce Keo 87 ec Kerga# cas èpas x ~hswech|eohamgs OCEW@HE KÈM@G\

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Ca uwg erzgm`hkas gm wm eõa `g _aohec Kg`he gm Gc Phgkra ZGMEPE OEJZECG_

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Gspa gs reze xe- Gc rgzha`hska empg gc zgpa `gc phgkra zgec CWH_ OEZCA_ @ËE\

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Rgzha`hska reze sajzg~h~hz gm Gsreõe KEZHA PE_OßM

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Ma cg pgmdes khgà ec –kaspzhpa‛ KHCEDZA_ _ECE\EZ

65

Mwmoe gs pez`g reze zgohocezmas oaka rgzha`hspes GCGME KHZEM@E

66

–Ozgekas _pazhnx rgmsemà gm gc nwpwza `gc rgzha`hska‛ _ANËE RHOFHFWE

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@hzgopaze `gc Rzaxgopa< Gspfgz êzdes BGspfgzêzdeso Hcwspzeohamgs x `hsgõa< Ig~hm Kazåm BIg~eo55 Eraxa gm g`hohÿm< _anëe Rhofhfwe B|arfher @hedzekeohÿm< Gspgjem K- Kezofem` BGspgjemKezofem` Oazzgopaze `g Gsphca< Üzswce ^gcg|kaza BWhpe^gcg|kaza






























Rgzha`hska x gm phgkra zgec Gspfgz êzdes# Rgzü

Owemà gm ces ~hgles zgèoohamgs sg erwzeje e cas zgrazpgzas# gc lgng `goëe< –Ca uwhgza reze fax‛- X fax gze rashjcgkgmpg ce faze `gc ohgzzgHmpgzmgp kepÿ ce faze `g ohgzzg# razuwg ewmuwg gc `hezha sg hkrzhke x gc maphohgza ‟`g ce ze`ha a `g ce pgcg~hshÿm‟ pgzkhmg# ce fhspazhe shdwg èmà

ce kedmhpw` `g cas èõas# sg hm~gmpem oez+ pes x fespe sg rhmpem mwjgs `gc m `gc kwmà-

Ma gs owcre `g ce hmkg`hepg|- Gs owcre `g ma+ sapzas khskas uwg ac~hèkas# gm gc oekhma x gm ce zwphme# ce zgdce /5 `g gspg aoha< Oamz + ~wgcpes gm ce zg`# gsrgoëoekgmpg gm shphas oaka kez ce hmnazkeohÿm- Feogzca rwg`g pezèz wm Pthppgz# Neogjaai a gm gc kg`håphoa Hmspedzek# `ëe a às khmwpas- Ra`gkas gspez gm wm gsre+ àm`g gc fwzeoåm _em`x hkrwcsÿ uwg sg oakrez+ oha nëshoa uwg fwgcg e rgzhÿ`hoa &wme zgèoohÿm(#




























èm gm Pthppgz x Neogjaai- Gspe pezge rwg`g sgz pem oakrcgle oaka cggz wm gvrg`hgmpg lw`h+ ohec# rgza cas zgèopazgs!zgrazpgzas &`gc rergc x ma `g rergc( kgmasrzgohem eüm ce owze`w+ zëe# rzhkgza razuwg ma sejgm uwè `hejcas gs x sgdwmà razuwg ce epzhjwxgm e cas ofhoas# e cas kås ofhoas `g ce azdemh|eohÿm# gsas uwg de+ mem kgmas# uwg ma oamaogm ec `hzgopaz# uwg ccg~em gc oejgcca rhmpeà `g ~gz`g# uwg phgmgm `hg| ~gmpemes ejhgzpes gm sw cerpar# uwg feogm ofgoi hm raz paès rezpgs x uwg sg gmphgm`gm kglaz oam gkaphoamgs uwg oam recejzes ochofèGmoampzez rgzha`hspes oam gc acnepa x ce fejhchè` reze ‖owzez‘ hmnazkeohÿm gs kås oakrchoeà uwg feccez wm zgèopaz reze gc rergc- Gc rergc# eüm oam gc ohgzzg gmohke# pg è rewses- Hmpgzmgp ma pg è gse arohÿm- Kg zggza ec jwgm rgzha`hska gm

ce zg`- Raz gcca# ce sgcgoohÿm `g rgzsamec rwg`g ccgdez e sgz kås pg`hase# ewmuwg e ce ~g| `h~gzph+ è- Pw owzzëowca rwg`g gspez gm Pthppgz# gmpzg TPN x THM# napas owzhases# DHN x maphohes ~gzhoeès-

Oamzke èpas# gcejaze ce fhspazhe# ce cem|e e ce zg` zg `

x ce kwg~g gm ces zg`gs saohecgs `g sw kg`ha x gmpzg sws rzarhas oampeopas- Jwsoe uwg ce dgmpg `gjepe# uwg oakrezpe# uwg `hsowpe- X gcce ca khze paà `gs`g sw oakrwpeàze- X oeè ~g| uwg ecdwhgm cg ramg wm Kg dwspe x uwg oamzke gm phgkra zgec

uwg gc gmceog fe shà ejhgzpa raz kwofes kwofes rgzsames samzëg- Razuwg wm rgzha`hspe jwsoe ‟x fe jwsoeà shgkrzg‟ uwg ca cgem- Empgs rg`ëe+ kas uwg oakrzezem gc `hezha# fax gsrgzekas wm chig # x feogkas alhpas ~hzpwecgs reze uwg mwgspze fhspazhe sg gvremè x ccgdwg e rüjchoas `h~gzsasGspg gjaai uwg ccekekas Rgzha`hska gm /PhgkraZgec, mas anzgog wme sgzhg `g gvrgzhgmohes sajzg oÿka gc rgzha`hska gspå oekjhemà# `gs`g ces zgèoohamgs uwg fax rhgm+ sem gm wswezhas x oakwmhè`gs# fespe ces ew+ ces# resemà raz gsogmezhas `g dwgzze x ace `g `gsrhàs uwg xe ma uwgèm gm ce gsuwhme `gc `hezha a gm gc jez# shma uwg sg pwhpgem- Hkrash+ jcg ac~hèz gc fesfped `g :25: /GCREË_PG@G_RH@G-

Fex uwg ozw|ez nwgmpgs oampze gc phgkra# oa+ Gm gspe aoeshÿm fgkas zgwmhà e rzangshamecgs zzajazez èpas gm ofeps# gm Daadcg &sejgz uwg `gs`g `h~gzses pzhmofgzes ~hgmgm feohgmà daadcgez (#(# Thihrg`he &`gsoamez pekjhèm `g rgzha`hska gm phgkra zgec# oam èphoe# e`zgmechme# ce gmohocarg`he amchmg (#(# x e jesg `g èpas gm owzhashè` x `g`hoeohÿm- Ce wzdgmohe ma gs saca cëmge- Fex uwg sejgz oamspzwhz fhspazhes e sghs reze zgrazpgez- Kwofes ~gogs fem erezgohà




























kez `g hmnazkeohÿm uwg e ~gogs mas zgjese- , Gspg chjza sg cceke Rgzha`hska gm /PhgkraZgecMas fgkas pakeà ce chogmohe `g gkrcgez gspg Rgzha`hska gm /PhgkraZgec a shkrcg+ fesfped pem wseà# ewmuwg ce Zgec Eoe`gkhe ra+ kgmpg Rgzha`hska- Gsa feogkas x uwgzg+ `zëe lecezmas ces azgles x swdgzhz wm /Phgkrazzgec# kas sgdwhz feohgmà# gm zgèoohamgs pze`h+ hmgvhspgmpg gm ce zg`# nempeskec- Oamekas uwg ohamecgs# oenès# jezgs a ~h`gaoamngzgmohes- :25? eoejg oam ce hmocwshÿm `gc cgmdwelg `hdhpec-




























5- 52 oases uwg resezåm gm :25?< /:25?Pzgm`s Lasè Cwhs Azhfwgce# Gsreõe

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0( Xefaa% sg `gsrzgm`gzå `g Nchoiz Ec phgkra uwg zgnaz|ezå sws eoohamgs reze oam+ raz hmma~eohamgs a eùwhshohamgs x sh e ca kås ~gzphzsg gm wm rza~ggàz `g oampgmhàs# Xefaa% uwg ccgdekas gs e wm hRe` khmh# ccgde gc phgkra fezå oele oam wma `g cas kexazgs zgrashpazhas `g `g oakrzez ecdahkådgmgs `g ce zgÈrrcg zgech|ezå wme dzem eùwh+ shohÿm Ce zke `g ce kem|eme phgmg uwg ozgogz

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7( Neogjaai oakrzezå Pwgmph Wme ~g| uwg sg gspemuwg gc ozgohkhgmpa azdåmhoa `g ce `g `gngm`gzsg `g rcghpas# efaze paoe rcempgez wm jesg `g wswezhas# Neogjaai eraspezå raz echem|es Daadcg cem|ezå wm mwg~a sgz~hoha `g ~hswech|eohÿm `g maphohes Xe gspå jhgm




























4( Ihasia x Kås x Azjxp sg nwshamezåm 8( _wzdhzåm oam nwgz|e mwg~as Cas uwhasoas `hdhpecgs gsreõacgs eraspezåm raz rcexgzs ma kg`håphoas gm ce hm`wspzhe oampgmp kås sasph+ wme ~gmpemhcce ümhoe reze ce ~gmpe `g swsozhr+ `g oampgmhàs Gc jzem`g` oampgmp kås ohamgs e oampgmhàs uwg oeè ~g| pgm`zåm kexaz oeà eoejezå oam~hzphèmàsg gm oemecgs `g mhofa reze ew`hgmohes wcpzesgdkgmpeès~ecaz eõe`hà6( Hjgzhe anzgogzå oamgoph~hè` ThNh gm paàs sws ~wgcas Gm wme jwgme lwdeè reze zgowrgzez e cas ochgmpgs uwg fem khdzeà ec pzgm# ce egzacëmge meohamec anzgogzå eoogsa ThNh gm pa+ às sws ~wgcas-

52( Ccgdezå gc jaak `g ces skezps P^ Ces pgcg~hshamgs oamgopeès e hmpgzmgp sg oam+ ~gzphzåm gm gspåmèz x# pzes ces erwgspes erwgspe s raz ce ecpe `gmhohÿm# ccgdezåm ces erwgspes raz ce oamgoph~h+ è` x ca saohec-






























:- Oases uwg wm Oakkwmhpx Kemedgz `gjg sejgz Iezgm @g Ce Fa|# Oacakjhe

_hgkrzg sg zgngzhzåm e ph oaka gc Oakkwmhpx pzepgdhe `g Zg`gs _aohecgs `g Gc Gsrgopeàz # wma Kemedg z#z# raz ecdwme ze|ÿm uwg `gsoama|oa me`hg `g cas kg`has kås hmwxgmpgs `g Oacakjhe-




























Oakkwmhpx Kemedgz hmocwxg `g~azez pwpazhecgs#

gc Rzaogsa `g Re| gm Oacakjhe- Gspg fe pgmhà oamaogz ces nwmohamechè`gs `g ces zg`gs sa+ dzem eoadhè gmpzg cas jcadwgzas uwg mas cggmohecgs uwg wphch|es x rzajez mwg~es fgzzekhgm+ pes- Ce kece maphohe gs uwg owemà pg erzgmès E pze~ès `g Pthppgz# x wsemà `hngzgmpgs fesfpeds # paès ces zgsrwgspes pg oekjhezåm paès ces gmoampzekas ce nazke `g zgohjhz `gmwmohes ohw+ rzgdwmpes- Ces fgzzekhgmpes saohecgs g~acwoha+ èèmes x eshdmezces e cas rgzha`hspes reze mem paàs cas `ëes x wsezces gngoph~ekgmpg zg+ uwg ces oam~hgzpem gm pgkes `g ce edgmè hm+ uwhgzg erzgm`gz oamspempgkgmpg sajzg gcces- nazkeph~e `g Gc Gsrgopeàz &/Pthppgz@gmwmohe(Gvogc# Mwkjgzs a owecuwhgz guwh~ecgmpg pekjhèm `gjgm oam~gzphzsg gm dzem`gs echeàs- Gsa `g uwg mas `g`hoekas e ces cgpzes razuwg ma rw`hkas oam cas mükgzas ma gs pem ohgzpa- Oam sgdwzhè` `g+ jgzås rzgsgmpez hmnazkgs sajzg pw dgsphÿm x meè kglaz reze cadzezca uwg wme fale `g oåcowca- Az+ demh|ez pws èpas gm ogcès x oacwkmes pg exwèzå e gmoampzez repzamgs sajzg fåjhpas `g oamswka `g hmnazkeohÿm# ozgohkhgmpas# nzgowgmohe `g eo+ pwech|eohamgs x pg rgzkhphzå sgdwhzcg ce rhspe e ce

–Cas wswezhas pekjhèm kg fem gmsgõeà uwg ce `gchè` gspå sajzg~ecazeè- Gccas shdwgm cas oampgmhàs zgcg~empgs x ma e cas kg`has uwg cas rza`wogm x# ecda kås# ma gspåm `hsrwgspas e gsrgzez‛

Hm~hpekas e cas cgopazgs e feogz rzgdwmpes e mwgspza `hzgopaz sajzg oÿka pzejele ce zgèo+ oakrgpgmohe- Mükgzas x kås mükgzas- Ec mec ohÿm &/ZgèoohÿmEc@gsmwà(- Hkrwcsekas ce `gc `ëe# x `gsrwès `g paà gc gsnwgz|a# ce dgsphÿm cgopwze x eoakreõekas e cas sgdwhàzgs mao+




























uwg `gjgkas ejazèz- Gs oamaohkhgmpa oacgoph~a x kwofes ~gogs gsrgohech|eà oampze ph x pw guwh+ ra# raz wm ceà# x Daadcg# raz apza- Gspe oceze `gs~gmpele `gjg ccg~ezmas e gmogm`gz paès ces ecezkes reze g~hpez gzzazgs- Ce nÿzkwce gs shkrcg<

kwofes ~gogs# hkrchoe gm~ac~gz gc rzgkha_h pü pekraoa swrgzespg ces ocesgs `g kemwech+ è`gs x gzgs `g cas uwg rzggzgs èz wm zgdeca

gm wme oele ezkejcg gm ~g| `g gm~ac~gzca# jhgm+ fex uwg rzgdwmpez x oamzkez empgs `g gsozhjhz- ~gmhà e kh kwmà- Mh cgs owgmpa ca uwg rese sh ca uwg fex uwg gkreoez gs wm jecÿm `g nüpjacMa gspå `g kås# x e kh lwhoha `gjgzëe sgz wm hk+ rgzeph~a# ekrchez mwgspze owcpwze dgmgzec- Gm Pekjhèm fex uwg daadcgez oÿka kez+ ce dgsphÿm `g owgmpes `g kg`has# x sajzg paà oez sajzgs# wme rzåophoe gvphmpe reze cas owemà sg `gjg zgeoohamez e maphohes `g ücphke `g ce dgmgzeohÿm `gc oazzga gcgopzÿmhoa- ¢ faze# kezoe ce `hngzgmohe pgmgz gc kwmà gm ce oejg|e- Fex uwg sejgz `g ohmg# küshoe# chpg+ Raz ücphka# ma fex uwg ac~hèz uwg gc pzejela zepwze# fhspazhe# `gzgofa# oaspwkjzgs# pze`h+ `g zg`gs zguwhgzg ~aoeohÿm `g sgz~hoha x kwofe ohamgs# dgadzenëe x# raz swrwgspa# `g `grazpgs- reohgmohe- Fex uwg sgz dgmwhmas# gsowofez e ce ew`hgmohe# anzgogz oampgmhà `g ~ecaz x feogz Fex wme fejhchè` kås uwg `gjgs `gsez+ owze`wzëe `g ce hmnazkeohÿm `hsramhjcg gm hm+ zaccez< ce `g gm~ac~gz zgdecas- Rwg`g samez pgzmgp- Edzgdezëe e gspg oaopgc wme sajzgàshs dzeohasa# rgza e kë kg fe oaspeà- Wme ~g| `g reshÿm x kwofe zgsramsejhchè`- Mwgspza swrgzeè ce ¢rcemgeohÿm x glgowohÿm `g wm oam + ogmpza sam cas wswezhas x ma ces kezoes- Oam owzsa fex uwg rzgkhez e cas demeàzgs x gsa# sws oampzhjwohamgs x mwgspzas oamaohkhgm+




























?- Gmpzg spzgekhmds x pwhps< cwogs x sakjzes `gc rgzha`hska gm phgkra zgec Ecglem`za Zasp# Ezdgmphme

Ce oajgzpwze `g fgofas gm phgkra zgec pecce oeè eopwechè`gs kgmas wzdgmpgs x gngophspes9 shm gk+ ~g| kås nwgzpg gm gc rgzha`hska uwg sg zgech|e jezda# e ~gogs# kås swspemohecgs reze ra`gz exwèz




























lw`hohecgs# cas zgswcpeàs `g wme gcgoohÿm g cgoohÿm x ces zg+ ~wgcpes racëphoes gmowgmpzem gm Pthppgz wm pgzzgma swkekgmpg nèzphc reze dgzkhmez x rzaredezsg oam zerh`g|- Ces zg`gs sam e`gkås wme oele `g zgsamemohe hmkg`hepe `g cas pgkes `g eopwech+ è`# raz ca uwg kwofes ~gogs gsg goa kücphrcg sg oamsphpwxg gm maphohe raz së khska< ce ma~gè` ma gs sacekgmpg ca uwg resÿ shma e`gkås uwè x owåmpa sg fejcÿ sajzg gc pgke gm ces zg`gs-

Gs hmpgzgsempg gm gspg sgmphà rgmsez gc kgmselg rgzha`ësphoa gm nazke pzemskg`he- Gs `gohz# x `g

Raz gsa zgswcpe mgogsezha uwg cas kg`has ma saca pgmdem wm aëà rwgspa eccë# shma uwg e`gkås rzgsgmpgm wme ~a| rzarhe uwg sg e`goüg e ces oezeopgzësphoes chmdóësphoes g hm+ pgzeoph~es `g gsg gsreoha- Oeè zg` saohec phgmg sw cgmdwelg x gs mgogsezha oakramgz gc kgmselg gm zgceohÿm e gsg gmpazma rezphowcez-

Apza kaà `g oajgzpwze gm ~h~a uwg ozgog gs e pze~ès `gc spzgekhmd `g ~h`ga &gm kgmaz kg`hè# `g ew`ha(- Ces ecpgzmeph~es euwë sam ~ezheès-

eowgzà oam ces `gmhohamgs `g Fgmzx Lgmihms#

uwg oeè rcepenazke sge oamsh`gzeè gm nazke ewpÿmake x gm àm`g oeè gcgkgmpa rzgsgmpg wme oampzhjwohÿm ümhoe x gsrgoëoe ec `gsezzacca

`g ce fhspazhe- Ce rezphohreohÿm `g wswezhas!es pekjhèm gs ozwohec gm gsg gsuwgke- Oamogjhz gc kgmselg gm kaà pzemskg`he rgzkhpg esë ra+ mgz gm ~ecaz oeè ~ëe `g gvrzgshÿm `g ce fhspazhe Pthppgz gs e ce ~g| rcepenazke `g `hnwshÿm# `g hm+ x erza~gofez gc rapgmohec hmpgzeoph~a `gc kg`hapgzeoohÿm# `g zgogrohÿm# `g eoohÿm# `g oamspzwo+ ohÿm x `g zgrgzowshÿm `g fgofas `g eopwechè`- Hkådgmgs# ¥xe%

Gm aoeshamgs# ümhoekgmpg anzgogm ce sgõec `g wm oemec `g pgcg~hshÿm &a gspeohÿm `g ze`ha( gm ~h~a `g wm kg`ha `gc khska dzwra a esaoheà9 gspa






























rchoe e`gkås rza`wohz ~h`ga gm ~h~a reze wm ces zg`gs saohecgs# hmspecemà fesfpeds x kg`ha uwg ma gs pgcg~hshÿm- Ce tgj e`khpg kgmselgs gm Neogjaai- Ewmuwg shgkrzg ce oam+ ‟gm rzhmohrha‟ wm pzejela `g hkedgm x wme gspzwopw+ ~gzseohÿm `gsjazè cas cëkhpgs `g wme rådhme tgjze kgmas sasphoeè uwg ce P^ gm `hzgopa# rgza ma _hm gkjezda# pekjhèm gmpzeõe sws hmoam~g+ fex paè~ëe wme rzåophoe `g wsa gvpgm`hè `gc naz+ mhgmpgs- Wme oajgzpwze `g gspg phra deme gm sgm+ kepa- E sw ~g|# gc ~h`ga sg hmsgzpe gm wm gmpazma seohamgs# rgza rhgz`g kwofes ~gogs gm rzgoh+ pgvpwec# kwcphkg`he g hmpgzeoph~a uwg ca feog `hngz+ shamgs- _wjzexe ca emgo`ÿphoa x raspgzde gc emåch+ gmpg e ce pgcg~hshÿm# ewm owemà ekjas kg`has kg `has sg shs- Owemà sg gvphgm`g gm gc phgkra# `hskhmwxg gspåm gmpzgce|emà x oampekhmemà kwpwekgmpg- pempa ce `gmshè` oaka ce oechè` hmnazkeph~e raz khmwpa `g gvrashohÿm- _g ~e gm gc `gpeccg Ca ohgzpa gs uwg fex paè~ëe kwofa reze gv+ x ma ~hswech|e ce papechè`- Wme ozÿmhoe raspg+ rcazez oam zgceohÿm e ces oajgzpwzes oam zhaz# fgofe oam kås phgkra x `hspemohe# rwg`g ~h`ga gm ~h~a reze ce tgj x# `hofa sge `g oam`gmsez kglaz gse hmnazkeohÿm# g hmocwsa resa# reze `hsphmpes rcepenazkes kÿ~hcgs- edzgdezcg gcgkgmpas hmpgzrzgpeph~as x emåchshs-




























cadzÿ pgmgz eoogsa wm kg`ha a rgzha`hspe raz chè` rzacamdeè x ce eopwechè` rgzkemgmpg# wme hm~gsphdeohÿm rzarhe a raz fejgz ajpgmhà fespe hmocwsa cas oampgmhàs uwg ma sam eopwe+ wme `gocezeohÿm ümhoe9 gc zgspa `g ces –rzhkhohes‛ chè`# `hsramhjcgs gm ces fgkgzapgoes `hdhpecgsphgmg wm rgzhaà `g ~hdgmohe oeè ~g| kås jzg~gOeè wme `g gspes eopwechè`gs phgmg wm zhpka `g –Ce oajgzpwze gm ~h~a erazpe reze `hnwshÿm rezphowcez# swgcg aowrez wm gsreoha `hng+ paà wm oamlwmpa `g wswezhas ce zgmoheà gm gc `hsgõa `gc ohjgzkg`ha x zguwhgzg sgmseohÿm `g gspez cephgmà ec wm gmnauwg rgzha`ësphoa gsrgoëoa- @g fgofa# wmësama eczg`gàz `g wm eoam+ kwofes zgèoohamgs fem zgazdemh|eà sws zwphmes pgohkhgmpa‛ cejazecgs gm nwmohÿm `g ces `hsphmpes ~gcaohè`gs

@g ce eopwechè` rgzkemgmpg e ce eopwechè` kücphrcg

`g rwjchoeohÿm# ca uwg ma shgkrzg oahmoh`g oam gc sarazpg< wm dzwra reze ces maphohes gm ~h~a x wz+ dgmpgs# apza reze ces maphohes `g eopwech|eohÿm `he+ zhe x apza reze gsrgohecgs `g kexaz gcejazeohÿm-




























0- Hmspedzek x ce napadzenëe reze paàs Fwda Ressezgcca# Nzemohe




























rezphz napas sg ~wgc~e `h~gzphà- X# raz efaze# dzephs- dgmgs `g ce ~hspe `g sw oese# `g sw aohme# ca uwg eckwgz|em# sw mwg~a oacaz `g rgca# gc gskecpg `g Wsez Hmspedzek sws wões# ces sechès maopwzmes# ~eoeohamgs x pempes apzes oases kås- Ce dgmpg `g Oaccgdg Fwkaz fh|a Oaka paès ces erchoeohamgs saohecgs# sws wsas wm `h~gzphà ~h`ga g~aoemà lwspekgmpg gspg phra sam kücphrcgs- Ce wphch|em racëphoas# oaka Jezeoi `g napas- Kås eccå `g cas ofhspgs# gspes hkådgmgs Ajeke `wzempg sw oekreõe gcgopazec9 ce wsem sam pem ~åchès oaka ces `g wm napÿdzena rzang+ azdemh|eohamgs x gkrzgses reze rzakaohamez shamec razuwg sw hmpgmohÿm gs rwzekgmpg saohec# sws rza`wopas9 cas rgzha`hspes ce fem zårhè+ reze oakrezphz x `hsnzwpez- Gs oaka wme ogme gm+ kgmpg eàrpeà reze owjzhz a sgdwhz maphohes9 x# pzg ekhdas# sg ~ecaze gc kakgmpa x ces gkaohamgs raz swrwgspa# ce gkrcge gc ohwèèma `g e rhg- kås uwg ce oechè` x azhdhmechè` `g ce oakhèGc kezigphmd oazrazeph~a x racëphoas sam às åzges Apzas Hmspedzekgzs rzggzgm kaspzez sws fe+ ekrches x uwg `glezgkas reze apze arazpwmhè`- jhchè`gs oaka napÿdzenas ekepgwzs - Oakrezpgm hmspempåmges gsrcèm`hès `g rehselgs# kamw+ Reze cas rgzha`hspes Hmspedzek gs apze fgzzekhgm+ kgmpas# ohwè`gs# zgpzepas# gpo- Gm Hmspedzek sg




























ezzwhmem ce rwzg|e `g ce napa gm sw gspeà jzwpa- oezåopgz rzh~eà# ca kglaz gs sgcgoohamez gspe ar+ Gc fesfped /macpgz fesfped /macpgz gs oesh wme kwgspze `g azdwcca ohÿm gm gc rgzc x ces hkådgmgs sgzåm saca eoogsh+ `gc Hmspedzekgz reze `gohz uwg ma fem mgogshpeà jcgs e ces rgzsames uwg ajphgmgm mwgspza rgzkhsa`g cpzas reze pakez wme jgcce napa- Hmocwsa fex

erchoeohamgs# oaka Mazkech|g# uwg hmpgmpem zgph+ _h gc rgzc gs ejhgzpa# sg rwg`g gcgdhz pgmgz wme zez cas cpzas `g ces napas gm HD x zg~gcez sw gspeà cëmge g`hpazhec- Ma gs ajchdepazha# rgza exwè e azhdhmec# a oaka `hog sw makjzg# –mazkech|ezces‛- ozgez wme sÿchè oakwmhè` `g sgdwhàzgs uwg oakrezpgm h`ges x dwspas shkhcezgs- Oama|oa Oaka gm paà `gjepg# fex ecda `g ze|ÿm gm gs+ Hmspedzekgzs uwg fem gcgdhà gmnaoezsg oesh gv+ pes ajsgz~eohamgs- _hm gkjezda# gspas rzglwhohas ocwsh~ekgmpg gm dzephs uwg gmowgmpzem gm cas sajzg ce napadzenëe zge`xke`g gspåm kec oemech+ kwzas `g ce ohwè` x cas rwjchoem jela gc fesfped |eàs- Hmspedzek ma oam~hgzpg kådhoekgmpg e `g /spzggpezp# wma `g cas kås rarwcezgs- Gc rgzc khccamgs `g wswezhas gm napÿdzenas rzangsha+ `g Fgzmåm Oekremhgcca gs wm jwgm glgkrca `g mecgs- Ce kexazëe `g cas Hmspedzekgzs mh shuwhgze gspe pgm`gmohe- Apzas rzggzgm gsrgohech|ezsg gm phgmgm gspå hmpgmohÿm- Hmspedzek x sws cpzas gs /rehselgs uwh|å ce oepgdazëe kås jwsoeè# oam sw






























dhe# saca h`ges x gvrgzhgmohes rgzsamecgs reze nzgowgmohe rzgohse# rwg`g sgz às ~gogs raz ra`gz ewkgmpez gc oewèc `g sgdwhàzgs `ëe oaka wme ~g| raz sgkeme# rgza sg `gjg x cadzez uwg mwgspza pzejela sge oamaohà- feogz oam zgdwcezhè`- Fex uwg g~hpez gspzg+ sezsg x pzepez `g swjhz wme napa paà gc phgkraHmspedzek gs wme oakwmhè`# x oaka paè oakw+ Gs kglaz rwjchoez wme napa uwg mas dwspe uwg mhè` ca kglaz gs rezphohrez- Zhofez` Iaoh Fgzmåm+ paès ces napas uwg pakekas- Fg `gleà resez `g| gvrchoe uwg raz oeè napa uwg rwjchoe –eke‛ e ~gogs kås `g wme sgkeme fespe uwg pakè às x oakgmpe apzes pzgs# wme rzåophoe uwg cg rgz+ ce napa uwg kg rezgoëe hmpgzgsempg oakrezphz-




























zgseè gm oamaogz ce ohwè` e pze~ès pze ~ès `g khs napasCwgda ces oakrezpa wsemà fesfpeds gm oespgccema# oaka /rehselg a /Nzemohe &gm ~g| `g /Nzemog(- Kw+ ofas `g cas oakgmpezhas uwg kg fem gsozhpa `hogm uwg dzeohes e kh decgzëe rwg`gm ~helez raz Rezës-

oez oam kwofe rzgohshÿm ces hkådgmgs# e`gkås `g oekjhez sw oakrashohÿm# x edzgdez kezoas a cpzas- Fhrspekepho x Oekgze ) sam apzes gv + ogcgmpgs erchoeohamgs uwg ma fem zgohjhà pempe epgmohÿm oaka Hmspedzek x anzgogm wm ekrcha ejemhoa `g gsphcas reze pakez napas- Pekjhèm Ecdwmas zgowzzgm pekjhèm e HmspeKgssedg# wme rwg`gm rzajez Eàjg Rfapasfar Gvrzgss# RhoRc|# erchoeohÿm oakrcgkgmpezhe x dzepwhpe uwg rgzkhpg RG_pw`ha# Rhvczakepho# @hrpho &reze feogz oaccedgs (#(#




























hmpgzkg`hezhas gmpzg gc ~gm`gàz x gc oakrze+ ce kaè raz wme erchoeohÿm- Uwh|å gm wm rez `g àz- Empgs `g ozgez wme owgmpe oam~hgmg cggz eõas# a kgsgs# apze zg` zggkrce|ezå gc nwzaz uwg jhgm ces oam`hohamgs reze gmpgm`gz gc shspgke- eoereze fax Hmspedzek- Gm gc kwmà `g ce pgo+ macadëe# paà sg gsozhjg x zggsozhjg e wme ~gcaoh+ Ocho è` hkrzgshamempg- Khgmpzes pempa ~ecg ce rgme swkgzdhzsg# ewmuwg sge raz wm raoa phgkra# Gspekas paè~ëe gm cas ecjazgs `g ce napadzenëe gm gc kwmà Hmspedzek- X ce kglaz kemgze `g gm hmpgzmgp# kesh~e# saohec x kÿ~hc- Cas dwzüs# feogzca gs oam ce hmpgmohÿm `g `h~gzphzsg# oakrezphz oakrezp hz




























7- Rgzha`hska oam _kezprfamg Oezcas G- Dezoëe# Rgzü




























Decevx Eog gs owkrchàz- _w oåkeze `g ohmoa kgde+ ohamgs oaka @zarjav# Daadcg @zh~g a Tfepserr rëvgcgs# swkeè e wm jwgm reuwgpg `g èpas rgz+ sam jwgmes reze oakrezphz napas gm phgkra zgeckhpg wme pzemskhshÿm whè x shm oampzephgkras-

Fex uwg zgsecpez uwg ma `gjgkas ac~hèzmas `gc rgzha`hska e ce faze `g feogz gspg phra `g pzemskhshamgs oam skezprfamgs - E ~gogs raz ce hmgvrgzhgmohe a raz gc zwsf `gc kakgmpa sace+

Gspa sg oakgm|ÿ e erchoez gm gc åzge `g Rcepe+ nazke @hdhpec `gc Dzwra Gc Oakgzoha reze oajgz+ pwzes rgzha`ësphoes `gs`g lwcha reseà- Gspe ~g|# gc skezprfamg oam gc uwg pzejelekas nwg gc _ek+ swmd Decevx _?# oam shspgke argzeph~a Em`zah`






























gsoerezsg `g ces kemas- Apza `gpeccg e ce faze sacwohamez cas rzajcgkes `g ew`ha fex oejcgs uwg `g owjzhz oakhshamgs gs gc samhà ekjhgmpec uwg rgzkhpgm eèrpez khozÿnamas oam gmpzeè khmhrcwd




























>- Wm jcad chpgzezha gm phgkras `g ce




























fe hmoazrazeà –e ce hmowcpwze# `hsnze|eè oam gc rhgc razuwg shgkrzg fg pgmhà wme leohÿm gm ce makjzg `g owcpwze rarwcez# wme nazke `g owcpwze kemgze `g fejcez uwg pgmgkas rezphowcezkgmpg




























pgmgz e pze~ès `g ces zg`gs saohecgs- @gjhà e kh sam pgsphdas `g gspe swgzpg `g zgechphgs sfat gm gvrgzhgmohe oaka rzangsaz `g rgzha`hska `hdhpec uwg sg fem oam~gzphà ces zg`gs saohecgs- Ma ozga#




























`g keses raz gvogcgmohe# uwg gs ce pgcg~hshÿm- gvrgzhgmohe shkhcez e Cgg raz dwspa uwg dgmgzg hm+ Masapzas gm hmpgzmgp pgmgkas ‟ngch|kgmpg‟ ce dzgsas goamÿkhoas- @hda uwg gs wm `gsenëa razuwg
























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































ohamec xe ma rwjchoe ce ~hacgmohe gm razpeè# shma gm hmpgzhazgs-

Gm gspe ohwè`# `g kås `g >22 khc fejhpempgs# às dzwras `g ce `gchmowgmohe gspåm jwsoemà wphch|ez e cas rgzha`hspes x sws kg`has oaka +±X oÿka gs gse g~acwohÿm `g cas oåzpgcgs e ce uwg rh|ezze reze cem|ez eowseohamgs# hmozhkhmez e

sg zggzg1

apzes oazrazeohamgs a `gsrzgsphdhez e soecëes-

Gm `hsphmpes ohwè`gs `g Oaefwhce x Kèvhoa kg Gc reseà 5? `g `hohgkjzg# `g eowgzà oam hm+ fg gmoampzeà `hngzgmpgs rgzcgs `g dgmpg< nazkeohÿm `gc dzwra `g Neogjaai –Oampze ce @gs`g gc kgzogmezha uwg erzgm`hÿ e kepez gm ce Hmsgdwzhè` gm Pazzgÿm jespe‛# nwgzam oacde+ oeccg# fespe gc uwg sg oereohpÿ gm zg`gs saohecgs- ès kempes gm oampze `g wm lgng `g ce Rachoëe Ng`gzec- Ca eowsejem `g rg`hz `hmgza e sg+ Gm Pazzgÿm ‟`hog ec oacdez gc kÿ~hc‟ gs+ owgspzeàzgs x gvpazshamez e pzemsrazphspespåm ajchdemà e ce rzgmse e rwjchoez kem+ pes- @ez kgmselgs# gmpzg dzwras ozhkhmecgs- +Ecdwmas kg`has nwgzam ajchdeàs e rwjchoez Xe ma sam ccekeès- Xe sam epeuwgs `hzgopas- wme mape `g gse kempe- Cgs `hlgzam uwg sh ma ca feoëem hjem e ‖cg~empez‘ &sgowgspzez( e zgrazpgzas +Xe ma pakem gc pgcènama# xe paoem ce rwgzpe `g a pzejeleàzgs- Uwg esë ca fezëem `g wma raz ce zgèoohÿm- E masapzas mas zgrazpem wm `goerh+ wmapeà a wme nase ocem`gsphme x ma pgmgkas ar+ ohamgs- Masapzas së ~ekas- Gspekas oamsohgmpgs + ±Owåc gs ce `hngzgmohe gmpzg gc mh~gc `g ~hacgmohe `g uwg gs mwgspza pzejelauwg gm apzas kakgmpas fe ~h~hà ce ohwè`1# hmshspa ec zgrazpgzaEmpgs `g kezofezsg swgcpe< Gc mezoapzå+ oa gs rza`wopa `g kwofes oases# rgza + Gsgmoheckgmpg uwg gspe gs oampze kg`has# gs gm ces oacamhes kezdhmeès àm`g ozgog gc kås oamspempg g hmphkhèpazha- Empgs gze wm a`ha# e ce dgmpg saca cg uwgè gsa# a`hez- pgzzaz empg ce saohgè` &x ca shdwg fejhgmà(# rgza efaze gs `hzgopa oampze cas rgzha`hspes x sws Ce ofezce ma rwg`g oamphmwez# cg fem hmnazkeà kg`hasuwg fem shà h`gmphoeàs oe`å~gzgs fecce+ às gm wme nase- @gjg hzsg rgza kg fe ejhgzpa + ±Uwè apza phra `g ekgme|e zgohjgm1 ce rwgzpe oam apza rgzha`hspe uwg feog wm rez `g `ëes ~h~hÿ `g ogzoe ce pgmshÿm gm Pazzgÿm- +Gspåm rzgshamemà reze uwg rwjchuwgm ~h`gas# napas# kempes…




























pes `g gse zgdhÿm oamaohè oaka Ce Cedwme- Gc zgrazpgza rwà kezofezsg `gsrwès `g wmas :2 khmwpas `g gspez zgpgmhàKhgmpzes pzemsowzzëe gspe fhspazhe# Ocesgs `g Rgzha`hska rwà oamzkez uwg gm Pazzgÿm E wmas 72 ihcÿkgpzas `g gse |ame# gm ce ohwè` cas `hezhas Khcgmha x Gc _hdca fem pgmhà uwg sgz zgs+ `g Nzgsmhcca# cas rgzha`hspes caoecgs fem pgmhà dwezèàs raz khchpezgs- Hmocwsa# ecdwmas zgrazpg+ uwg sazpgez apze `g ces jepecces gmpzg oåzpgcgszas x `hzgoph~as fem shà gsoacpeàs e sws oeses+E ecdwmas `g gccas cas fem seoeà `g sws oeses ¥Rzgmse# rzgmse% razuwg gspejem oakrzeàs a ekgme|eàs raz Cas \gpes# kg zgcepe wm zgrazpgza gm gc ogmpza `g Cg za`gezam ? khchpezgs `g ce Kezhme Ezkeè Nzgsmhcca`g Kèvhoa- _w gzzaz fejëe shà ma pzegz h`gmph + oeohÿm uwg rw`hgze oamzkezcg e cas wmhnazkeàs Ces zgèoohamgs fem hmoazrazeà e sw nazke `g uwg gze rezpg `gc `hezha caoec |eoepgoema 4 @ëes- pzejela ce pgmshÿm oam nwgz|es `g sgdwzhè` ng`gzec+Zg~hse sw oelwgce# rg`ëe wm kezhma oam ere+ zhgmohe `g lgng x resekampeões- Gc zgrazpgza fejceje `gsgsrgzeà raz ze`ha rh`hgmà e sw oakreõgza uwg zgdzgseze reze pzegzcg sw h`gmph+

Gm wm è` ofe

Nzgsmhcca# cas kezhmas fem hmspeceà oekrekgmpa hkrza~hseà gm ce Wmh+ @grazph~e _achèzhè`# àm`g wme oem+ `g nüpjac nwmohame oaka fgchrwgzpa-

oeohÿm-

+±@ÿm`g gspå pw oakreõgza1# rzgdwmpeje gc khchpezCe pgmshÿm ewkgmpeje- Reze gmpamogs# apza sac+ èà ejzëe ce dwempgze `gc ewpakÿ~hc- Gc guwhra `g rgzha`hspes fejëe ccgdeà fespe gsg shpha gm gc ogmpza `g Dweècwrg# \eoepgoes &e wmas >72 ihcÿkgpzas `g ce ohwè` `g Kèvhoa(# reze zgraz+ pgez ce gsogme `g wme jeceogze àm`g fazes empgs sg fejëem gmnzgmpeà oam swrwgspas rhspacgzas-

+Cas zgrazpgzas gspekas oam`hohameàs e ma pgmgz hmnazkeohÿm `g ce Kezhme- _aca cas jacg+ phmgs uwg `gs`g ce Owhè` `g Kèvhoa sg gkhpem# eoceze gc hmnazkempgGc :4 `g ngjzgza `g :25:# gc dzwra `g zg+ razpgzas rachoheoas `g Nzgsmhcca# uwg oaka rzapaoaca `g sgdwzhè` secëem gm oeze~eme e owjzhz cas gmnzgmpekhgmpas gmpzg rhspacgzas x oazrazeohamgs ng`gzecgs# sg pzesce`ÿ ec zemofa `g Gc Marechpa# wjhoeà e :8 ihcÿkgpzas sa+ jzg ce oezzgpgze ng`gzec Nzgsmhcca+êcrezeësa-

Cas kezhmas fejëem oacaoeà wm oaz`ÿm reze g~hpez uwg ces rgzsames sg eogzoezem e ce gs+ + Oamphmwejem eüm cas `hsrezas# dzhpas `g wmhnaz+




























–@g eowgzà oam ce gvrgzhgmohe `gc zgrazpgza# gc oåzpgc `g Gc Ofera Dw|kåm fe hà dememà pgzzgma sajzg Cas \gpes uwg# e sw ~g|# fem oazzakrhà e ewpazhè`gs x ecdw+ mas rgzha`hspes `g gse zgdhÿm oa+ maohè oaka Ce Cedwme‛

+±Gm uwè sgmphà gs ce dze~gè`1 + Raz së khske# ce eoph~hè` rgzha`ësphoe ma gs rgchdzase9 gm kh arhmhÿm# ca rgchdzasa gs ce ke+ mhrwceohÿm uwg ecdwmas oakreõgzas fem fgofa `g gspa+±Kemhrwceohÿm1

@g rzampa ‟zgowgzè ce nwgmpg‟ ce hm`hoeohÿm nwg oampwm`gmpg ¥Ecpa%# dzhpÿ wma `g cas ng+

+Kg zggza e uwg ecdwmas oakreõgzas# empgs

`gzecgs- Rzg~ha e gspa# cas zgrazpgzas uwg sg fakjzgs x efaze pekjhèm kwlgzgs# sg fem ~wgcpa ka~ëem gmpzg cas marecgs x fwh|eofgs ecoem+ –gsrëes‛ `g jemès `gchoph~es|ezam e ~gz ecda `g ca uwg me`hg hmnazkÿ+±@g uwè nazke gs gse ~hdhcemohe1 Fhmoeàs# ecdwmas fakjzgs x kwlgzgs gzem hmpg+ zzadeàs raz cas rachoëes uwhgmgs cgs erwmpejem + Gccas ma saca gspåm ec rgm`hgmpg `g ca uwg e ce oejg|e- Mhmdwma `ha zgsrwgspe sajzg `ÿm`g rwjchoes gm pw kg`ha# shma pekjhèm gm pws zg`gs sg gsoam`ëem cas `gkås a uwhèmgs gzem sws lgngs- saohecgs oaka Neogjaai a Pthppgz# `g efë uwg xa arpè raz ma rwjchoez gm khs zg`gs saohecgs + ¥Rzgmse# rzgmse%# dzhpÿ wma `g cas ng`gzecgsmeè uwg pgmde uwg ~gz oam `zades# glgowohamgs# Apza jelÿ gc ezke uwg erwmpeje ce oejg|e `g cas khchpezgs# kezhmas- Gs hkrzgshamempg oakrezez `gpgmhàsoaka# feog wmas pzgs eõas# gsas khskas oak+ reõgzas emèjem zgrazpgemà e rhg a gm wm Cas zgrazpgzas sg kezofezam rzampa `g efë- ka`gspa ewpakÿ~hc# x efaze phgmgm ces kglazgs oåkezes napadzåoes# oekhamgpes `g cwla a kapa + ohocgpes `grazph~es kwx aspgmpases^gzeozw|# gc khgà oamspempg

+±@g uwhèmgs sg `gjg owhèz wm zgrazpgza gm :6 `g ejzhc `g :25:- Wm kg`ha ~gzeozw|ema zg+ ^gzeozw|1 razpe< –Gc owgzra shm ~hè `g ce rgzha`hspe Zgdhme Kezpëmg|# oazzgsramsec `g ce zg~hspe Rzaogsa gm + Jwgma# efaze ma saca fex uwg owhèzsg `g gsas ^gzeozw|# nwg fecceà gm sw àkhohcha gm ce oaca+ oakreõgzas uwg –shz~gm e às ekas‛ shma `gc mhe Zgnazke# gm Vecere# ^gzeozw|# ec ca `g ces khska Dajhgzma# pzes ce phrhoeohÿm `gc `gchpa 56<22 fazes `g gspg såjeà- _gdüm ce Rzaowze`wzëe `g rgzpwzjeohÿm `gc az`gm rüjchoa# sh sg rwjchoe




























khska dzgkha-

oakrchoÿ# sg fejcÿ kwofa `g wme nekase chspe `g rgzha`hspes ekgme|eàs# ma sè sh sge ohgzpa# + _è uwg fe fejhà rzajcgkes oam ecdwmas oak+ ca uwg së gs uwg kwofas oakreõgzas fem sechà reõgzas# e uwhgmgs cgs fem –ccekeà ce epgmohÿm‛ `g ~eoeohamgs hmgsrgzeès pzes sgmphzsg ekg+ pempa ce Kezhme oaka cas –kecasas‛--me|eàs raz gse chspe+ E zeë| `g ce kwgzpg `g Zgdhme# ce shpweohÿm sg

@ezëa @å~hce Rgzha`hspe x oamswcpaz hm`grgm`hgmpg gm mwg~as kg`has# zg`gs saohecgs x oajgzpwzes amchmg Fe pzejeleà oam EK `g Cgÿm# @hezha `g Lwåzg|# Mazagspg# êmdwez`he# Gc Keõeme# Gkgguwhs#




























57- @g ce Keo 87 ec Kerga# cas èpas x ~hswech|eohamgs Ocew`he Kèm`g|# Dwepgkece

Fex wm ngmÿkgma e ca cezda x emofa gm ces zgèo+ cephmaekgzhoema zgrgpëem ce rzgkhse< ce oakrwpe+ ohamgs `g Ekèzhoe Cephme ergmes rgzogrphjcg gm àze ma gs sacekgmpg wm rzaogseàz `g pgvpa- Ce ohgzpas `hezhas a `gkesheà g~h`gmpg xe gm apzas- sace nzesg shz~g reze hcwspzez gc secpa `g wm ka+ kgmpa e apza< ce oakrwpeàze sechÿ e zgrazpgezGc gmowgmpza gmpzg ces às dgmgzeohamgs `g rgzha`hspes uwg swgcgm oam~gzdgz gm Fax gvhspgm zgrazpgzas uwg cg az`gmem e gspas ces seces `g maphohes ma gs kås gc shk+ erezepas jwsoez ce maphohe# ozgem zajaps hmpgz+ rcg gmowgmpza gmpzg ~gpgzemas x ma~epas- mas `gmpza `g ces oakrwpeàzes reze uwg gs+ pes ecgzpgm sajzg fgofas maphohasas gm gc kez _wramda uwg ce ccgdeè `g ces oakrwpeàzes `g hmnazkeohÿm `hsrgzse< ce sgoohÿm `g èpas `g x ce oamgvhÿm gm zg` nwg wm g~gmpa- Wme mwg~e C- E- Phkgs fe rwjchoeà gvocwsh~es dzeohes e oÿ+ oekeè ccgdÿ oam fejhchè`gs `gsezzacce`ësh+ `hdas ‟ozgeàs raz zgrazpgzas‟ reze jwsoez kes gm gsas kgmgspgzgs# rgza ec oeja `g cas èpas rzakhmgmpgs gm cas hmnazkgs rachoëeoaskgsgs ce ~hgle dwez`he `gsowjzhÿ uwg pempe `gspzg|e fejëe gm ces kemas `g wmas oaka gm Gm cas gmowgmpzas hmpgzmeohamecgs `g rgzha`hska






























gspeàwmh`gmsgs efaze eèrpem x ka`hoem cas

e rezphz `g cas fgofas rwgspas e sw `hsrashohÿm-

uwhgpw`gs reze gmpgm`gz gc emåchshs dgadzåoa

pgzkhmeè recejze x uwè mwg~a shdmhoeà oajze1

rzadzekes `g gspw`has reze oakjhmez ce gsrgohech+ |eohÿm gmpzg ohgmohes `g oakrwpeohÿm x rgzha`hska- •Cas èpas< Owemà wma ozgg uwg owgmpe oam oereohè`gs jåshoes a mgogsezhes gm gc kemg+ Gc rgzha`hspe kås x kglaz oaph|eà gs uwhgm la `g èpas# wme mape a wme shkrcg argzeohÿm efaze zgümg x oakjhme ce kgmpg `g wm rza+ kepgkåphoe a gspe`ësphoe rwg`g gmsgõezmas mwg+ dzekeàz oam ces `g wm zgrazpgza# euwgc oere| ~es cgoohamgs- Ma saca `g ezhpkèphoe# shma `g rg+ `g feogz rgzha`hska x fejcezca gm cas `hsphmpas zha`hska- Wme ~hè gs wme ~hè `grgm`g gsgmohec+ g sgmohec+ cgmdwelgs uwg anzgogm ces mwg~es pgomacadëes- kgmpg `g cg~empekhgmpa `g èpas è pas x gc glgzohoha kg fe ecgoohameà ma sacekgmpg gm `hsgõa `g jesgs Wme ~hè… shma e`gkås kh kgmpg rgzha`ësphoe fe erzgm`hà e ozgez oekras `g emåchshs hmocwsa gm gsreohas Gspg eõa cemoè gc shpha ttt-wme~hègswme~hè- àm`g ma mgogsezhekgmpg oamphgmgm mükgzas< azd## wm kere hmpgzeoph~a `g cas fakhoh`has gm gvekhmez gm wme gmpzg~hspe# raz glgkrca# a gm wm azd ce Ohwè` `g Dwepgkece- Gkrgoè :25: oam hm+ `hsowzsa ±owåmpes ~gogs zgrhpg wm nwmohamezha `g+ `g ngmÿkgmas x `wzempg eõas `g gspw`has eoe+ `èkhoas gm ce Wmh~gzshè` `g Fez~ez` oaka –Gc rgzha`hspe kås x kglaz oaph + Jgoezhe Mhgkem gkrgoè e eùwhzhz oereoh+ |eà gs uwhgm efaze zgümg x oak+ è`gs uwg kg fhohgzam wme zgrazpgze `hsphmpe- jhme ce kgmpg `g wm rzadzekeàz oam ces `g wm zgrazpgza# euwgc oe+ Gm jzg~g gspes sam ces dzem`gs re| `g feogz rgzha`hska x fejcez+ cgoohamgs erzgm`hès gm kh gvrgzhgmohe< ca gm cas `hsphmpas cgmdwelgs uwg anzgogm ces mwg~es pgomacadëes‛ •Hm`grgm`hgmpg `g ces fejhchè`gs uwg rwgà

•Gc chjzg eoogsa e ce hmnazkeohÿm< E ca cezda `g

eùwhzhz reze gc wsa `g rzadzekes üphcgs `g Ekèzhoe Cephme sg fem erzajeà mwg~es mazkes emåchshs x ~hswech|eohÿm `g èpas ‟cas owecgs oek+ uwg dezemph|em kexaz chjgzpe` gm gc kemgla `g




























•Fejcez –gm oÿ`hda‛< Ma rwgà rzadzekez# rgza

gkrhg|a e eogzoezkg ec kwmà `g pec nazke uwg cejazez gm guwhra oam rzadzekeàzgs `gjgzå zg+ swcpez gm gc nwpwza wme pezge kgmas pazpwase- Kw+ ofas zgrazpgzas sg uwglem `g uwg ce jzgofe gmpzg wmas x apzas gs hkrashjcg `g eoazpez- Gs necsa# rgza gspa pekraoa shdmhoe uwg ma sge wm zgpa-

Ces cgoohamgs sam raz swrwgspa kås# rgza kh fhs+

pazhe ne~azhpe e ca cezda `g gspg mwg~a glgzohoha gs pekjhèm ce hmpgzeoohÿm uwg fg saspgmhà# sajzg paà# oam nekhchezgs `g ~ëophkes zgdhspzeès gm gc shpha `g fakhoh`has- Wm oesa gm gsrgohec gm gc owec pempa ekhdas oaka nekhchezgs `g wme la~gm uwg kwzhÿ `g kemgze ~hacgmpe e oewse `g wme jece rgz`hè zg~gce oakrcgpezam x oazzhdhgzam ce fhspa+ zhe- Gze wme mwg~e `hmåkhoe `g ce maphohe reze kë-




























5>- Ca uwg erzgm`hkas gm wm eõa `g _aohec Kg`he gm Gc Phgkra Zgmepe Oejzecgs# Oacakjhe

Napa< Gc Phgkra

Ozgez x argzez wme gspzepgdhe `g zg`gs saohecgs reze wme `g ces oeses g`hpazhecgs oam kexaz pzexgopazhe gm Oacakjhe fe shà oaka gsoe+ cez wme kampeõe# oam sws rgões# zhsoas# nzeo+ pwzes# `gsogmsas x esogmsas9 rgza sajzg paà oam wme dzem ~hspe uwg kwgspze ces arazpwmh+ è`gs uwg oeè `ëe meogm sh khzekas x ~eca+ zekas `g kemgze `hngzgmpg e ces ew`hgmohes-

è`1 Reze gkrg|ez# `g oakrzgm`gz uwg ces gspzepgdhes x eoohamgs gm _aohec Kg`he `gjgm sgz pzems~gzsecgs e paà kg`ha w azdemh|eohÿm kg`håphoe- Raz gm`g# gc zgswcpeà `g gses eo+ ohamgs zgsram`g e wm ‖khv‘ `g nÿzkwce g`hpazhec# dgsphÿm `g rza`wopa# `gsezzacca pgomacÿdhoa# eo+ ohamgs `g kezigphmd x oakgzohecgs# gmpzg apzes5- Gmpzgmekhgmpa< Uwg cas rgzha`hspes sgrem




























wm guwhra `g _aohec Kg`he- Oceza# reze cadzez gse oamgvhÿm oam gccas# ca owec sg `howcpe a ne + ohchpe `grgm`hgmà `gc pekeõa `g ce azdemh+ |eohÿm# rwg`gm ~ecgzsg `g hmwgmoheàzgs hmpgz+ mas &rgzha`hspes a khgkjzas `g apzes åzges( uwg pgmdem wm ~ëmowca nwgzpg oam gc guwhra `hzgoph~a:- Owcpwze @hdhpec< Gs oaküm gsowofez ca hk+ razpempg x `gmhph~a uwg sam cas kg`has `hdh + pecgs &kwofes ~gogs shm hmocwhz ces zg`gs sa+ ohecgs# gsogmezhas mepwzecgs `g hmpgzeoohÿm(# gm gc rzgsgmpg x nwpwza `g wme azdemh|eohÿm kg`håphoe- _hm gkjezda# ±fespe uwè rwmpa fe gcejazeà gc kg`ha reze gc uwg pzejelem wm `hedmÿsphoa `g ce owcpwze `hdhpec `g ce azdemh|eohÿm1 azdem h|eohÿm1 Rezgog jåshoa# rgza sgmpezsg e oam~gzsez oam wm rgzha`hspe sajzg uwè arhme `gc wsa `g ces zg`gs saohecgs# oÿka ajphgmg ce hmnazkeohÿm gm gspes a e pze~ès `g shphas tgj# oÿka zgèope wm pwhp a wphch|e wm fesfped # esë sge gm sw owgmpe rgzsamec# ra`zëe sgz rezpg `g ce sacwohÿm reze oamaogz cas `h~gzsas mh~gcgs `g owcpwze uwg fex nzgmpg ec wsa `g zg`gs saohecgs gm wm kg`ha `g oakwmhoeohÿm- _h gspa ma sg sejg oam ocezhè` x sg hmpwxg uwg ce sece `g zgèoohÿm gs wme kese fakadèmge# gspezgkas oexgmà gm wm gzzazWzdgm `hedmÿsphoas# ma saca `g oÿka rgzohjgm

e dgmgzez dememohes# rgza fex uwg pgmgzcas‛Raz gcca# apza `g cas erzgm`h|elgs `gc eõa gs uwg ce kamgph|eohÿm gm pèzkhmas `g hmdzgsas &wma `g cas oakramgmpgs `gc ZAH a Zgpazma `g ce Hm+ ~gzshÿm gm zg`gs( `gjgzëe sgz gc zgswcpeà `g wm rcem gm gc uwg pgmdem kexaz rgsa ~ecazgs hmpemdhjcgs oaka ce ozg`hjhchè`# ce rzgohshÿm gm ce hmnazkeohÿm# ce oechè` `g ces zgceohamgs# gc gmdedgkgmp - Jhgm `hla Lafm Repam# zgngzgmpg `gc kwmà `hdhpec gspeàwmh`gmsg< –Oampgmhà oak+ rezphà gs hdwec e hmwgmohe# x ce hmwgmohe gm gc goashspgke `g maphohes gs hdwec ec gmdedgkgmp &oakrzakhsa(#xgc gmdedgkgmp hdwece hdwecegc~ecazuwgcas

emwmohempgs cg èm e wme ew`hgmohe oakrzakgphè-

_h ca empgzhaz sg cadze sgdwzekgmpg pgm`zgkas wm mwpzhà dzwra `g ochgmpgs hmpgzgseàs gm zg+ ech|ez eowgzàs `g kezigphmd a rwjchohpezhas oam gc kg`ha- Gsa# shm oampez uwg sgdwzekgmpg gc pzåoa `g zg`gs e razpecgs pekjhèm hzëe gm ew + kgmpa- Gm rzakg`ha# ces zg`gs dgmgzem wm 8' `g pzåoa e shphas maphohasas gspeàwmh`gmsgs#

wm razogmpelg uwg sg rzg~è ozg|oe fespe gc 74' gm cas rzÿvhkas às eõas# sh sg phgmg wme gspzepgdhe x eoohamgs eoph~es gm kg`has saohe+ cgs# sgdüm gc zgrwpeà Rgt Zgsgezof Ogmpgz-




























cas kg`has `hdhpecgs# hmocwxgmà ces zg`gs sa+ ohecgs# ma rwg`g sgz gvowse reze oakgpgz gzza+ >- _hphas ~gzè`gzekgmpg saohecgs< Zgsram`g zgs uwg# e`gkås# `gjgzëem sgz gsocezgohàs oam e wm erzgm`h|elg zgrgphà# ma mgogsezhekgmpg ce khske ~gcaohè` uwg sg rza`wla gc `gseohgzpa- `g :25:- Feog ecdwmas eõas pgmgkas ce rzwgje cepgmpg `g ca uwg shdmhoe sgz wm shpha saohec< Gc Fwmdpam Rasp- Ezhemme x sw guwhra# gkjcgke `g

7- Cas mwg~as oezdas gm _aohec Kg`he< _KA# _GA# MGA… gse oemphè` `g shdces uwg rezg+ ce g~acwohÿm kg`håphoe# fe gmpgm`hà rgzngope+ ogm seoeès `g wme ‖pgomargcëowce‘ sg zggzgm# kgmpg uwg sgz saohec ~e kås eccå `g gm~hez pwhps `g kemgze dgmgzec# e ce arphkh|eohÿm `gc oam+ oaka wme kåuwhme# pgmgz japamgs reze oakrez+ pgmhà reze zg`gs x ec jwgm rashohamekhgmpa phz oampgmhàs a swjhz wm rasp gm owecuwhgze `g gm cas jwsoeàzgs `g gspes- X wme ~g| kås sgz sws kås `g :2 rådhmes pgkåphoes gm Neogjaaiecheà `g Daadcg# ecda uwg cg gspå oaspemà kwofa e cas kg`has pze`hohamecgs `g oakwmh+ –Gs ca g`hpazhec# pec ~g|# gc oekra oeohÿm# zgsram`g e wme `gohshÿm hmpgchdgmpg- gm gc uwg kås sg fe erza~gofeà gc wsa `g ces zg`gs saohecgs gm wme azdemh|eohÿm rgzha`ësphoe# kepg+ zhech|eà gm dgmgzeohÿm `g oam+ pgmhàs oam ce rezphohreohÿm `g ce ew`hgmohe# owjzhkhgmpas gm ~h~a# wsa `g zgowzsas kwcphkg`he# gs+ pzepgdhes `hmåkhoes gm Neogjaai# gpo-‛

Gm gsg sgmphà# gs cekgmpejcg ce raoe hkraz+ pemohe uwg ecdwmas kg`has cg shdwgm èmà e Daadcg Rcws# phuwgpg sgdwza reze pgmgz kexazgs gmpzeès e mwgspzas razpecgs- Ewm esë# khgmpzes gc pzåoa `gs`g zg`gs ozgog# gc uwg dgmgzem cas jws+ oeàzgs fe oeëà gm cas ücphkas eõas# shpweohÿm uwg ~h~gm `hzgopekgmpg kg`has `g oakwmhoeohÿm cem|eàs zgohgmpgkgmpg a kås rguwgõas# owxes ~hshpes `grgm`gm nwgzpgkgmpg `g sws eoohamgs Pem ~em kås eccå `gc pzåoa uwg ma pgkgm gm _aohec Kg`he# pec x oaka ca `gkwgspze gspg ‖chmigez‘ `g kemgze rgzkemgmpg oampgmhàs `g gspw`ha zgngzgmoheà raz gc Raxmpgz Hmsphpwpg- apzas shphas maphohasas a sgz wm edzgdeàz `g gs+ pas# rwgs sejgm uwg sw ~ecaz rzgohsekgmpg gspå @g hdwec nazke# oeè `ëe sg hmpgmshoe kås ce gm owzez ce hmnazkeohÿm `g pgzogzas oaka gc






























gm gc kemgla `g gsreohas rezphohreph~as# nazas x oakgmpezhas‟ Fwmdpam Rasp hmpgdzÿ oezeopg+ zësphoes rzarhes `g ces zg`gs saohecgs reze ozgez wme oakwmhè` gm pazma e ce kezoe# ce uwg `gs`g gc shkrcg zgdhspza sg rwg`g oamgopez e pze~ès `g ecdwme `g ces zg`gs saohecgs gvhspgmpgsEow`hgmà ec zgsrgpa oaka ~ecaz jåshoa `g hm+ pgzeoohÿm# gm sws gsreohas `g oakgmpezhas sam `gspeoejcgs ces eoohamgs `g ‖dekhoepham‘# uwg

`g ce ew`hgmohe# owjzhkhgmpas gm ~h~a# wsa `g zgowzsas kwcphkg`he# gspzepgdhes `hmåkhoes gm Neogjaai# gpo- _hm gkjezda# paè~ëe necpe cadzez wme ~gzè`gze oam~gzdgmohe e ce faze `g pze+ jelez oam apzes åzges x gm `h~gzsas nazkepasRaz glgkrca# ±wmhè`gs hm~gsphdeph~es sam oamsohgmpgs `g uwg gm zg`gs ra`zëem gmoam+ pzez àowkgmpas a napadzenëes ~echases reze wm pzejela rgzha`ësphoa1 ±Gspåm wsemà èpas a oh+ nzes oamocwxgmpgs gm pwhps reze phpwcez gm gc hk+ rzgsa1 ±A fespe uwè rwmpa wsem ces åzges `g kezigphmd # sgz~hoha ec ochgmpg a hmpgchdgmohe `g kgz+ oeà cas hmshdfps uwg ezzalem ces zg`gs saohecgs1

oepgdazh|em# `gspeoem x rzgkhem e cas wswezhas sgdüm ce oechè` `g sws rezphohreohamgs# ecda uwg gm~h`hekas x uwg zgeckgmpg fgkas ejem+ àmeà e ce kglaz `g ces swgzpgs `gogmes `g kg`has pze`hohamecgs- @e ~gzdógm|e ca uwg fg+ kas rgzkhphà gm uwg sg oam~hgzpem cas nazas Gsg pzejela gm guwhra pekjhèm hmocwxg gc uwg `g mwgspzas `hezhas# oaka sh ma gspw~hgzem jela ~ecazgkas ma saca ces åzges hmpgzmes `g wm ce sakjzhcce `g ce azdemh|eohÿm rgzha`ësphoe- kg`ha# shma cas pecgmpas uwg ~h~gm enwgze# gm ce ew`hgmohe- Ozgeàzgs `g hmhoheph~es ohw+ 4- ^gzè`gze oam~gzdgmohe x pzejela gm guwhra< èèmes x `g gkrzgm`hkhgmpa `hdhpec oaka Gs ca g`hpazhec# pec ~g|# gc oekra gm gc uwg kås ttt-kglazemà-ce a ttt-fwjjad-oak# jhgm




























54- Gspa gs reze xe- Gc rgzha`hska empg gc zgpa `gc phgkra zgec Cwhs Oezcas @ëe|# ^gmg|wgce

Ce hmoazrazeohÿm `g Pthppgz ec goashspgke `g pas rzaogsas gcgopazecgs# `gsespzgs mepwzecgs kg`has `gs`g feog wmas 7 eõas fe sgmpeà ces x apzas swogsas `g dzem rezphohreohÿm rüjchoe#




























sh sg owgmpe oam kese ozëphoe nazkeè gmpzg ce ew`hgmohe# raz gsa pakezgkas ecdwmas erwmpgs x e`~gzpgmohes reze rgzha`hspes uwg uwhgzgm gm+ pzez ec oemec zårhà x oeÿphoa `g ce hmnazkeohÿm<

hmnazkeohamgs &gm oampgvpa x oam oamzkeohÿm

`g nwgmpgs(- Jela gsg reze`hdke ce oakrgpgmohe `g ~gcaohè` gmpzg ohwèèmas x kg`has owemà wm fgofa maphohasa secpe e ces oam~gzseohamgs gm phgkra zgec gs oamhoph~e- Ces ew`hgmohes ~em e

Pthppgz gs hmnazkeohÿm azdåmhoe

Gc rwmpa àm`g ce kexazëe `g cas oamsgz~eàzgs sg gmzgè ec pgm`gz ce `hmåkhoe `g Pthppgz gs uwg ce hmnazkeohÿm gspå gm oamspempg dgspeohÿm- Gs ce kglaz shkwceohÿm e wme hm~gsphdeohÿm gm rzaogsa a ce sece `g zgèoohÿm `g wm `hezha- Eccë ce hmnaz+ keohÿm sg gvramg# sg `hsowpg# sg ~e oamzkemà

ce ~gcaohè` `g sws alas x `gàs# khgmpzes uwg gc rgzha`hspe `gjgzëe sargsez cas gcgkgmpas oam cas uwg owgmpe# g~ecwezcas# ~echèzcas x cwgda së oamspzwhz sw rzarhe rhg|e hmnazkeph~e- Ec kgmas gs ca uwg pgÿzhoekgmpg ra`zëe `hngzgmohez e rza+ ngshamecgs `g ce hmnazkeohÿm `g hmnaohwèèmas gm ce zg`- Pekjhèm pgmgkas oesas gm cas uwg cas rgzha`hspes sam gspwrgmàs arhmeàzgs# uwg sg feogm rezpg `gc oaza ohwèèma `g uwgles x gvhdgmohes# rgza ma gs gc naoa `g gspes cëmges-

raz rezpgs# sg jwsoe uwhgm oazzajazg# `gskhgmpe a ramde oampgvpa- Ce `hngzgmohe gs uwg gsg rza+ ogsa aowzzg gm wm gsreoha rüjchoa# jespempg `hs+ rgzsa x gm gc uwg sg swkem arhmhamgs x zwhà- Gm aoeshamgs# ce zerh`g| x gc fekjzg `g ces ew`hgmohes `hdhpecgs feog uwg cas rgzha`hs+ Oaka ma fex wm oemec ogmpzec uwg kwgspzg wme pes swowkjem ec zhgsda `g rwjchoez shm zg+ ümhoe mezzeohÿm `g ca uwg ~e aowzzhgmà# gc oampg+ ~hsez# x efë ~hgmgm cas cekgmpas- Wm rgzha+ mhà nzedkgmpeà rwg`g `gsgmoe`gmez dzem`gs `hspe shm kèpaà gs ce ~ëophke rgzngope reze




























rgzha`hspe `hdem –fespe cas kakgmpas fe aowzzhà sam ces nwgmpgs# cas hm`h~h`was# ces oakwmhè`gs x gspa‛# jeseà gm sw pzejela `g hm~gsphdeohÿm x `g+ ces azdemh|eohamgs ces uwg phgmgm oases uwg oam+ lemà raz nwgze cas zwkazgs- Khgmpzes ce mape `g pez# khgmpzes gc rgzha`hspe shz~g `g hmpgzkg`he+ rzgmse rwg`g gsrgzez fespe gc mec `gc `ëe reze àz- Gm zg`gs gsg rergc e ~gogs uwgè zgcgdeà g~ecwez ca aowzzhà x oam~gzphzca gm wmas owempas razuwg paàs cas eopazgs hkrchoeàs gm wm fgofa råzzenas# ces oajgzpwzes gm phgkra zgec gvhdgm èm sw ~gzshÿm gm sw rzarha gsreoha `hdhpec e ce kexaz oereohè` `g rzaogsekhgmpa `g zgechè`gs oakwmhè` uwg fem hà nazkemà- _hm gkjezda# e owgmpedapes x pzemskhshÿm zårhè gm kgmselgs gc zgpa `gc rgzha`hspe gm gspas oesas gs gc `g ce jzg~gs- Gs ce kglaz kemgze `g oamspzwhz oakwmh+ gsowofe eoph~e# gc sgdwhkhgmpa `g gsas rzaogsas è`gs x oamem|e gm kakgmpas àm`g hmocwsa ce uwg mezzem ces nwgmpgs x ce zgrwjchoeohÿm `g sws dgmpg rwg`g `gsozggz `g ca uwg ~g gm rempecce- oampgmhàs# rzg~he owze`wzëe- @g gse kemgze# cas pwhps resem e sgz fhspazhes oazecgs# kås cez+ Zac hmpèzrzgpg< Owemà wm rgzha`hspe gspå gsrg+ des g hmpzhmoeès# gm ces uwg gc rzangshamec `g ohech|eà gm ecdwme nwgmpg# phgmg ce ~gmpele `g ce hmnazkeohÿm eoakreõe ce mezzeohÿm- Esë ma uwg ce kexazëe `g cas gsogmezhas gm lwgda sam oeg gm gc kec ~hoha `g sgz gc naoa `g ce hmnaz+ rzg~hshjcgs x rwg`g hmpgzrzgpez kglaz cas fgofas- keohÿm# shma uwg shz~g `g `hzgopaz `g oåkezes reze hm`hoezcg e ce ew`hgmohe `hdhpec uwè oases ~gz@g gse kemgze gspå wm resa raz `gcempg `g ces ew`hgmohes reze oakrezphz kemgzes `g gmpgm`gz _hm gkjezda# gc kexaz zwhà khgmpzes sg pzejele ca uwg aowzzg x dwhez ecdwmes oam~gzseohamgs- gm rcepenazkes gm phgkra zgec sam cas zwkazgsCas kglazgs glgkrcas sam cas rgzha`hspes uwg sg Khgmpzes ce P^ x ce ze`ha nwmohamem gm ~h~a x gm




























ph~as uwg cas ohwèèmas uwg feogm ~hè gm zg`gs- gm cas uwg ce secw` `gc rzgsh`gmpg fe kglazeà a gkrgazeà gm owgsphÿm `g khmwpas khmwp as saca raz gc oe+ _hm gkjezda# jespe oam pgmgz owhèà sajzg cas rzhofa `g uwhgmgs `hnwm`gm hmnazkeohÿm shm oam+ shdwhgmpgs esrgopas< zkez gm rcepenazkes `hdhpecgs- Gc `gsga `g uwg ecda sge ohgzpa gm aoeshamgs gs gm kås nwgzpg uwg ce zeohamechè` reze rgmsez às ~gogs empgs `g + Cas ze`hoecgs swgcgm gspez sajzgzzgrzgsgmpeàs feogz zgpwhp a feogzsg goa `g hmnazkeohÿm uwg ma fe shà ~echèè- Gspa aowzzg oamspempgkgmpg oam Hmpgzmgp ma sacekgmpg phgmg wm sgsda goamÿkhoa cas hmnaohwèèmas# rgza pekjhèm oegm kwofas x g`woeph~a gmpzg sws rezphohrempgs kås eoph~as rgzha`hspes x kg`has raz ce –rzgshÿm `g ces kexa+ gm zg`gs# pekjhèm rzgsgmpe gc rzajcgke `g ce zëes‛ uwg erezgogm gm sw cëmge `g eopwech|eohamgsoereohè` `g zwhà x ka~hch|eohÿm uwg phgmgm cas ze`hoecgs# `g owecuwhgz pgke- Gm hmpgzmgp sg + ^gzashkhchpw` gmowgmpzem x zgnwgz|em ezdwkgmpas rgzsames eoph~hspes `g kwofes pgm`gmohes x rwmpas `g Apza rwmpa uwg dgmgze zwhàs razuwg rapgmohe ce ~hspe- Lwspekgmpg ce zg` gs gc gsreoha h`gec reze `hnwshÿm `g zwkazgs gs ce ~gzashkhchpw`- Gm aoe+ gmoampzezsg x oakrezphz- _hm gkjezda# gm aoe+ shamgs# ce hmnazkeohÿm ma gs ohgzpe mh necse razuwg shamgs rwg`gm gkreõez gc naoa `gc rgzha`hspe ma sg fe oakrzajeà# rgza rezgog oafgzgmpg# ec feogzcg ozggz uwg sam kexazëe a uwg sam ce gmpamogs sg rzgspe reze sw zg`hnwshÿm- Gs ca uwg raspwze àkhmempg zgsrgopa e wm eoampgohkhgm+ aowzzg ce kexazëe `g ces ~gogs oam ces kwgzpgs pa- Cwgda# sgzå kwx nåohc reze gc rgzha`hspe oegz necses `g rgzsamelgs nekasas uwg gspejem euwg+






























ma sgdwhz cas rzaog`hkhgmpas gsphrwceàs gm ces gkrzgses `g kg`has- Ce kexazëe oezgog `g gccas# rgza raz ca dgmgzec phgmgm eowgz+ às påohpas uwg sg rw`hgsgm zgsrgpez `g empg+ kema a gvhdhz gm `hsowshamgs `g dzgkha uwg sg nazkechogm- Gm gspe chspe sg gmowgmpzem< +Rgzha`hspes uwg èm rzhkhohes gm zg`gs rgz+ samecgs shm èz rzhazhè` ec kg`ha reze gc uwg pzejelem+Rgzha`hspes uwg zg~gcem arhmhamgs `hzgopes sajzg pgkes uwg owjzgm+Kg`has uwg pwhpgem shm eüm pgmgz wme rguwgõe mape ec zgsrgopa gm sw tgj+Rgzha`hspes uwg hmswcpem gm gsreohas rgzsamecgs

+cas uwg zg~gcem sw necpe `g zg`gs `g oampeopa# razuwg rzgdwmpem ejhgzpekgmpg sh ecdwhgm cgs rwg`g rza~ggz `g nwgmpgs reze sw pzejela `g m

`g sgkeme-

Paès gspes rzåophoes gspåm eüm gm wm pgzzgma dzhs reze kwofas kg`has uwg ergmes gspåm gmpgm`hgmà `g uwè ~e gc phgkra zgec x gc oam+ peopa oam sws mwg~es ew`hgmohes kås ozëphoes x å~hès `g hmnazkeohÿm- Raz ca dgmgzec# mas gm+ pgzekas `g gcces owemà oewsem ozhshs oakwmh+ oeohamecgs x shz~gm `g kec glgkrca# rgza sgzëe dgmhec uwg cas kg`has sg sgmpezem e `hsowphz reze ccgdez e eowgzàs x sejgz uwè oases gspåm rgzkhphès x uwè oases ma sg rwg`gm g~hpez-




























56- Rgzha`hska reze sajzg~h~hz gm Gsreõe Kezha Pesoÿm# Gsreõe




























ces ohnzes `g hmdzgsas gm ces rcepenazkes `hdhpecgs# oaka pekraoa fem cadzeà uwg cas ëm`hogs `g cgopwze `g ces oejgogzes oam~gmohamecgs gm sws ~gzshamgs `hdhpecgs ewkgmpgm raz gmohke `g ca uwg sg hmozgkgmpe gc rzarha kgzoeà `g ce zg`±Uwè gspå neccemà kås eccå `g ce ozhshs1 Raz wme rezpg fex wme ozhshs `g ozg`hjhchè` gm cas kg`has- Ce dgmpg ma sg nëe `g ca uwg fem shà gm cas ücphkas eõas gkrazhas kwc+ phkg`he oam wm oakrcgla gmpzekeà `g hm+ pgzgsgs gkrzgsezhecgs uwg efaze# gm wm kakgmpa `g rwzde saohec# ma sam ozgëjcgs-

shspgmohe ec oekjha uwg pekjhèm sg fe pze+ `wohà efaze gm gspg `gsaceàz remazeke gm gc uwg cas `hezhas ma sejgm `ÿm`g gspåmOammh~gmohe oam gc Gspeà x cas racëphoas- Gc owezpa ra`gz fe `gkaspzeà uwg gze wm ra`gz x# raz pempa# gspeje zgceohameà &`gkesheà( oam cas apzas- Oamogshamgs e`khmhspzeph~es `g chogmohes `g ze`ha x!a P^ e cas dzwras `g kg+ `has fem fgofa uwg sw mh~gc ozëphoa oam cas da+ jhgzmas uwg cgs ewpazh|ejem gspè raz cas swgcasMe`hg sg nëe `g uwhgm sejgm uwg mgogshpe `g wm dajhgzma reze sgdwhz gkhphgmà wme sgõecNazkeohÿm mwce gm mwg~es pgomacadëes# zg`gs sa+




























gvedgzeà- Uwhgm feog wmas eõas zgohjëe chogm+ gvrgopeph~es# rgza pekjhèm `g uwg gc sgopaz ec ohes oaka wm zgdeca fe ~hspa oaka sg fe oam+ oakrcgpa gspå paè~ëe gm gspeà `g sfaoi- Gk+ ~gzphà gm wm ezke `g àjcg ca# xe uwg efaze rzgsezhas x rgzha`hspes phgmgm wm rguwgõa gsre+ ma sejgm oÿka ccgmezces `g rzadzekeohÿm- oha pgkrazec reze pzemsnazkezsg sh uwhgzgm sa+ Fex g~h`gmohes `g wm oekjha# xe ma sam saca jzg~h~hz- Cas cgopazgs# gm oekjha# xe ca fem fgofa-




























58- Ma cg pgmdes khgà ec –kaspzhpa‛ Erwmpgs reze hm~gsphdez e wme oazrazeohÿm rzh~eè oam wm emåchshs kesh~a `g jesg `g èpas x wm zgrazpga rgzshspgmpg

Khcedzas _ece|ez# Rgzü






























mgs `g :252# zårhèkgmpg kg `h owgmpe `g

uwg gc pgzzgma gspeje rcedeà `g ~ezhas fgofas rempemasas uwg ma sg oamaoëem gm ce rzgmse# a sg oamaoëem kec- Gvhspëe wme oam~h~gmohe ccgme `g oamhopa `g hmpgzgsgs gmpzg gc sgopaz rzh~eà x gc

dajhgzma- Ce _aohgè` Meohamec `g Rgsuwgzëe# gc dzgkha gkrzgsezhec kås ra`gzasa `g ce hm+ `wspzhe# ra`ëe redez oamswcpazgs x `gspeoezcas ec

`g ces pzekres# `gsrwès uwg gm :226 sg erza+ jeze ce mazke kås hkrazpempg `gc sgopaz gm cas ücphkas eõas< ce cgx `g owapes `g emofa~gpe raz gkjezoeohÿm- Ce zg~hshÿm `g cas `gsgkjezuwgs hje e rgzkhphz oakrzajez sh gspa gze ~gzè`# sa+ jzg paà razuwg fejëe hm`hohas reze sasrgofez ca oampzezha- Ces oakreõëes kås hmwxgmpgs  + memohezam gspe mazke uwg cgs esgdwzÿ kås `gc




























hm~gsphdeohÿm rgzha`ësphoe- Oam gcce# oakrzajè ca uwg esgdwze oam papec oamaohkhgmpa< oamaohkhgmpa< –Gc rgzha`hs+ ka jeseà gm èpas ewkgmpe ce ozg`hjhchè` x ce hm`grgm`gmohe- Raz rzhkgze ~g| gm ce fhspazhe# gc rgzha`hska `g hm~gsphdeohÿm owgmpe oam fgzzekhgm+ pes ra`gzases reze `gsowjzhz fhspazhes oakrcgpes# ma saca ces rhg|es uwg ecdwme nwgmpg uwhgzg zg~gcez‛-

res &oeè wme oam `hsphmpa dzeà `g `howcpe`(

uwg rwg`g zgswkhzsg gm ca shdwhgmpg< eoogsa# rzaogsekhgmpa# emåchshs x ~hswech|eohÿm `g cas zg+ swcpeàs- Gm gspg oesa# cas zgdhspzas `g `gsgk+ jezuwg ma gzem rüjchoas# e gccas saca pgmëem eo+ ogsa rzh~hcgdheà ces ewpazhè`gs x ces gkrzgses soech|eès- Raz gspg kaph~a# sachohpekas ces jesgs

`g èpas ec Khmhspgzha `g ce Rza`woohÿm ~ëe ce Cgx




























`g oÿka nwmohame gc sgopaz uwg sg gspå hm~gsph+ demà x oÿka nwg oamspzwhè ce jesg `g èpasRaz glgkrca# gm gc rzaogsa rw`g ~gz uwg fejëe wma uwg apza `gsgkjezuwg oam zgdhspza `g rgsoe `g kås `g khc pamgceès owemà ce me~g emofa+ ~gpgze kås dzem`g `gc reës phgmg wme oereohè` `g ja`gde `g 822 pamgceès- Kås `g gse oemph+ è`# gze hkrashjcg uwg wm jezoa rw`hgze `gsoez+

emocezsg gm ce zgechè`- Gm gspe hm~gsphdeohÿm# sg `goh`hÿ oakrezez ce oemphè` `g emofa~gpe uwg `gocezejem cas repzamgs e cas hmsrgopazgs owemà ccgdejem e cas kwgccgs x ce rgsoe rgseè zgdhs+ pzeè gm ces jecem|es uwg sg wjhoem `gmpza `g ces nåjzhoes# àm`g sg uwgke paè ce emofa~gpe uwg `gsrwès sgzå gvrazpeè oaka fezhme rzhm+ ohreckgmpg e Eshe- Ca uwg `gsowjzhkas nwg uwg




























remohes gzem ces kås ra`gzases- Gc emåchshs `g jesgs `g èpas rgzkhphÿ sejgz uwhèm gze uwhèm gm ce rgsoe hm`wspzhec# `gs`g ce oak+ reõëe kås dzem`g fespe ce kås rguwgõe-

fecce|das hmhohecgs `g ce hm~gsphdeohÿm ccgdemà e emech|ez kås `g 522 khc `gsgkjezuwgs gmpzg :228 x rezpg `g :255# uwg rgzkhphgzam oamocwhz uwg `gsrwès `g ce hkrcgkgmpeohÿm `g ce cgx `g owa+ pes# sg gsnwkezam gmpzg ces ce s ja`gdes `g cas jezoas x ces jecem|es# >?2 khc pamgceès `g emofa~gpe# Gm wme rzhkgze gpere# emechoè 07 khc `gsgk+ wme oemphè` uwg swrgzeje paè ce rgsoe uwg jezuwgs uwg kg rgzkhphgzam `gpgopez wm swjzg+ ces apes jzhpåmhoes ccg~ejem e rwgzpa gm wm eõa-




























hmsrgopazes# Ogzrgz# wm emåchshs `g ce rgsoe `g+ ocezeè x rgseè `gjhà e ces `gmwmohes zghpgze+ ès `g cas rgsoeàzgs `g –zaja gm ce jecem|e‛- _w oamocwshÿm gze uwg ces `hsozgremohes `gpgopeès gm gspas às zgdhspzas zg~gcejem hm`hohas ze|amejcgs `g kemhrwceohÿm gm gc sanptezg `g ces jecem|esGspa nwg `gpgzkhmempg reze zgech|ez wme ew`hpazëe uwg oamocwxÿ uwg gc ?5 ' `g ces jecem|es hmsrgo+

mhrwceohÿm x gc Gspeà fe `goh`hà gmoezdezsg `g ces hmsrgoohamgs `g cas `gsgkjezuwgs `g kemgze `hzgope x xe ma `gcgdez gspe pezge e ces às gkrzg+ ses hmsrgopazes uwg gzem memoheès raz ces oak+ reõëes soech|eès x uwg e`gkås ogzphoejem ce

fezhme `g rgsoeà uwg gvrazpejem ces rgsuwgzesEfaze uwg zg~hsa gc rzaogsa# ce oce~g nwg ce rgz+






























reze ~gz sh gspa nwg wm rergc `gpgzkhmempg gm cas pzg cas 56 x :5 eõas `g gè`# pzejelÿ oam jesgs zgocekas saohecgs uwg sg gvpgm`hgzam e ca cezda `g èpas gm Gvogc oam ergmes wme oakrwpeàze




























:2- Mwmoe gs pez`g reze zgohocezmas oaka




























enwgze reze uwg cas oereohpg1# ±rg`hzcgs e cas ecda# ma uwgèzmas eccë# rwgs ces fgzzekhgm+ gvrgzpas `g ces seces `g zgèoohÿm uwg cgs `gm pes oekjhem paà gc phgkra# esë oaka oekjhe




























zgrapgmohez keuwhmezhe x guwhras# kgmas gm cas X pg eowgzès `g ce nekase ewce shm kwzas uwg rgzha`hspes# rwgs raoas gkrzgsezhas ozggm uwg rcempgeje Kezsfecc KoCwlem x pg ès owgmpe `g




























keohÿm x rzgsgmpezce `g ce kglaz kemgze reze erzgm`gz# pg ès owgmpe `g uwg gspå ekemgohgmà epzegz e pws cgopazgs- X gspås rgm`hgmpg `gc ücphka x uwg oakhgm|e apza `ëe- X gs euwë owemà ~gs uwg



































































































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