CURSO: PROJETOS HIDRÁULICOS
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2006
CURSO PROJETOS HIDRÁULICOS
2006
INSTRUTOR
Aroldo Fernando Dias E-mail:
[email protected] F: 0XX11-9189-0353
RESPONSÁVEL
Eng. Fábio Fernandes Email:
[email protected]
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PROJETOSHIDRÁULICOS
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2 00 6
Física: Força, Pressão e Trabalho.
Força
F = força
g = 9,81 m/s2 (aceleração da gravidade)
M = massa
Fg = 1Kg . 9,81 m/s 2 = 9,81kgm/s2 = 1 Newton
a = aceleração
1 kgf = 10 N
F = M. a
Pressão F P= A
P = pressão ( bar ) F = força ( Kgf ) A = área ( cm 2 ) 1
Trabalho W = F. s
kgf/cm2
IMPORTANTE
= 1 bar = 1 atm
W = Trabalho ( J ) F = força ( N ) s = distancia (m )
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Física: Energia, Potência, Velocidade e Aceleração.
Energia potencial Ep = m.g. h
Ep = energia potencial m = massa g = aceleração da gravidade h = altura potencial
Energia Cinética m.v2 Ek = 2
Potência W P= t
Velocidade s V= t
V = Velocidade ( m/s ) s = distancia ( m ) t = tempo (s )
Ek = energia cinética m = massa v = velocidade
P = potência ( watt ) W = Trabalho ( J ) t = tempo (s ) 1W = 1 J / s
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Aceleração V a = t
a = aceleração ( m/s2 ) V = velocidade ( m/s t = tempo (s )
Analogias
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Leis da Vazão
Volume
Vol = A . s Vazão Vol t
Q=
Velocidade
Q=
A .s t
Vazão Q= A.V
Q = vazão (l/min ) Vol. = volume ( litros ) t = tempo ( min )
A = área (cm
2)
s = espaço (cm)
Q1 = Q2
V = velocidade (cm/s)
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A1 A2
=
Perda por atrito e pressão
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Tipos de Vazão: Fluxo laminar x Fluxo turbulento
Numero de Reynolds (Re)
FLUXO LAMINAR
Re =
Re < 2300 = laminar laminar
v = velocidade
v . dh
dh = diâmetro hidráulico
n
n = viscosidade cinemátic
FLUXO TURBULENTO Re > 2300 = turbulento
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diagrama esquemático de um sistema hidráulico
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Desenho do diagrama
Seqüência de movimentos Sistema de comando Condições de trabalho Requerimentos de segurança (operador e e equipamento) Espaço existente
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Circuito hidráulico com controle de velocidade
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Diagrama de comando
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Tipos de circuito: circuito convencional
Utiliza componentes montados por meio de rosca diretamente na tubulação ou em subplacas de montagem. A interligação é feita por meio de tubos ou mangueiras
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Tipos de circuito: com cartuchos
Este tipo de instalação é bastante compacta pois os cartuchos são montados em um bloco manifold.
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Tipos de circuito: com válvulas modulares
São válvulas construídas para serem montadas por empilhamento
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Tipos de circuito: mistos
Sistema utilizando uma combinação dos sistemas anteriores
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Métodos de controle de pressão
Ligação de ventagem Controle remoto da pressão Sistema digital de pressão Controle proporcional da pressão Redução da pressão contrabalanço
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Ligação de ventagem
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Controle remoto da pressão
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Sistema digital
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Controle proporcional
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Redução de pressão
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contrabalanço
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pressões de operação recomendadas Aplicação
Hidráulica Industrial
Subdivisão mercado
em
áreas
de
Sistemas hidráulicos em
Faixa de pressão de operação pOp em bar
Fundições e Laminações
Transportadores de vigas móveis, sistemas de manuseio, estruturas de cilindros
160 a 180 315 a 420
Máquinas operatrizes
Plainas, escateladores, perfuradoras, tornos e esmerilhadeiras, fixadores hidráulicos indústria automobilística internacional
50 a 100 50 a 300 16 a 120
Prensas
Prensas gerais, prensas para propósitos especiais, prensas de alta pressão
250 a 315 400 a 600 a 1000
Maquinário para plásticos
Máquinas de injeção-moldagem e moldagem por sopro, máquinas para propósitos especiais
150 a 210 250 a 315 300 a 450
Bancos de ensaio, leitos de ensaio
Bancos de ensaios de materiais, Simuladores
250 a 290
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Tipos de controle de vazão
Meter in Meter out Bleed off Rápido e lento Controle proporcional de vazão
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Controle na entrada meter in
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Controle na saída meter out
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Controle em desvio
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Circuito rápido e lento
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Controle proporcional de vazão
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Circuitos regenerativo
Este circuito permite obter um aumento na velocidade de avanço de um cilindro de dupla ação e haste simples sem aumentar a vazão da bomba.
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Circuitos regenerativo
Este circuito permite obter um aumento na velocidade de avanço de um cilindro de dupla ação e haste simples sem aumentar a vazão da bomba. Este circuito tem a possibilidade de se ter o sistema regenerativo durante a aproximação, voltando a configuração normal na posição final quando for necessária a força total disponível.
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Circuitos com acumuladores de pressão
Como: fonte de energia compensadores de vazamentos compensador de volume fonte de energia de emergência amortecedores de pulsação e choques estabilizador das pulsações da Bomba
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Circuito com travamento
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Circuito de descompressão
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Representação de circuitos hidráulicos
1.
Bomba de de engrenagens engrenagens
2.
Reservatório
3.
Retenção
4.
Válvula de alivio ou segurança
5.
Atuador linear ( cilindro )
6.
Válvula direcional
7.
Válvula controle de fluxo
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Repres. esquemática – simbologia ISO 1219-1
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Identificação dos componentes - ISO 1219-2
P- compressores e bombas A- atuadores M- motores S- elementos de sinais V- válvulas Z- demais componentes não Incluídos na lista.
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dimensionamento
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Forças atuantes sobre êmbolo e haste
p= F
=
V
=
F A×η hm
=
(bar )
p × A = ( Kgf ) Q A× 6
=
P(bar)
20
120
160
ηhm(%)
85
90
95
(m / s)
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Parte 2: pagina 23 Forças sobre um cilindro hidráulico
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Cilindros hidráulicos – tipos de fixação tipo construtivo por tirantes- CDT3
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Cilindros hidráulicos – tipos de fixação tipo construtivo por tirantes- CDT3
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Cilindros hidráulicos – tipos de fixação tipo construtivo por tirantes- CDT3
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Cilindros hidráulicos – tipos de fixação tipo construtivo por tirantes- CDT3
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Cilindros hidráulicos – tipos de fixação tipo construtivo redondo - CDH2
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Cilindros hidráulicos – cálculo de flambagem
Segundo Euler
d= diâmetro da haste (mm) I = momento de inércia (mm4) I
F
=
π
2
•E•I
ν • LK
=
d 4 •π
64
∴I =
d 4 • 0,0491
E= módulo de elasticidade (N/mm2)
2
E = 2,1 x 105 (aço) Lk= comprimento livre (mm)
F em N
depende do tipo de fixação: A,B,C ν
= 3,5 coeficiente de segurança
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Cilindros hidráulicos – CÁLCULO DE FLAMBAGEM Caso de carga segundo Euler
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Cilindros hidráulicos amortecimento
Saída do fluido
1.
Embolo
2. 3.
Bucha de amortecimento Cabeçote
4.
Fluido restringido
5.
Canal de amortecimento Válvula de fluxo
6. 7.
Cone de amortecimento
8.
Contra porca
9. Válvula de retenção 10. Sangrador
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Motor hidráulico dimensionamento
Q×1000×η vol de
n=
n= rpm Q = l/min De = cm3/rot M = N.m ∆p = Kgf/cm2 N = Kw Ηmh = rendimento do motor hidr.
M
N
=
=
(rpm )
0,0159 × de × ∆p ×η mh ( N .
Q× ∆p×η t
600
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(Kw)
Comparativo entre os diversos tipos de motores hidráulicos
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Dimensionamento da tubulação
Q dt
Vmax em m/s
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=
4,607 • vmáx
para
0.5 a 1.0
Linha de sucção
3
Linha de retorno
5
Linha de distribuição
Fluidos hidráulicos de pressão - Funções
Atuar como um meio de transmissão de energia; lubrificar as partes internas dos componentes; atuar como um meio trocador de calor; preencher a folga entre os componentes móveis.
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Visão Geral dos fluidos de pressão- DIN 51524 / 25
Fluido hidráulico HL - proteção anticorr osiva, res istência ao envelhec imento;p/ equipamentos que possuem elevados esforços térmicos e problemas de entrada de água no sistema. HLP - grande resistência ao desgaste; sujeitos à maiores esforços de pressão. HV - fluidos onde a interf erência sobre a vis cosidade é mínima; para equipame ntos onde há oscilações consideráveis de temperatura.
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Visão Geral dos fluidos de pressão - DIN 51524 / 25
Fluido hidráulico resistente ao fogo.
HFA - 80 a 90% de água; VDMA 24320 HFB - 40% de água; VDMA 24317 HFC - solução águaglicol 35 a 55% de água; VDMA 24317 HFD - fluido anidro (éster-fosfato sem a presenç a de água. VDMA 24317.
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Requisitos dos fluidos hidráulicos
VISCOSIDADE
1.
HLP = óleo mineral classificação DIN 51524
2.
Padronizado em 40 °C
3.
Cuidado com a variação de Temp. ambiente
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Classificação ISO VG
Classe de viscosidade ISO
Viscosidade média em 40.0 ºC mm2/s (cSt)
Limites de viscosidade cinemática em 40.0 ºC mm2/s (cSt) mínimo
ISO VG 10 ISO VG 22 ISO VG 32 ISO VG 46 ISO VG 68 ISO VG 100
10 22 32 46 68 100
9.0 19.8 28.8 41.1 61.2 90.0
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máximo 11.0 24.2 35.2 50.6 74.8 110.0
Requisitos dos fluidos hidráulicos
Avaliar pressão de trabalho acima de 200 bar, com 400 bar é dobrada bar aa viscosidade v Avaliar a compatibilidade de materiais óleo x equipamentos Estabilidade ao cisalhamento Resistência contra a solicitação térmica Resistência a solicitação Oxidante Baixa taxa de compressibilidade ( 0,7 a 0,8% a cada 100 bar ) Baixa expansão por temperatura Baixa formação de espuma Baixa absorção de ar e boa eliminação de ar Alto ponto de ebulição e baixa pressão do vapor Alta densidade ( 0,86 a 0,9 g/cm3) Boa condutibilidade térmica Boa característica Dielétrica ( não conduzir corrente elétrica ) Não Higroscópico ( não atrair umidade )
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Requisitos dos fluidos hidráulicos
De difícil ignição ( Não inflamável ) Não Tóxico Boa proteção contra corrosão Nenhuma formação de substancias pegajosas Boa Filtrabilidade Compatibilidade de mudança dos fluidos Formação de lama ( não sedimentar-se ) Defesa ao Meio Ambiente Custos e disponibilidade no mercado
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Capacidade de eliminação de ar
ISO VG 10 ISO VG 22 ISO VG 32
máximo 5 min
ISO VG 46 ISO VG 68
máximo 10 min
ISO VG 100
máximo 14 min
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Exemplo para seleção de componentes hidráulicos
Uma ponte rolante num galpão deve ser equipada com um acionamento hidrostático de translação e um guincho hidráulico. Para carregar caminhões a ponte precisa sair ao ar livre. O guincho não opera em regime contínuo. Para este caso de aplicação deve-se calcular com as seguintes temperaturas: • Temperatura de ambiente: -10°C a +40°C • Temperatura do fluido de pressão: 0°C a +60°C Dos estoques existentes de fluidos hidráulicos deve ser utilizado um fluido de pressão com o código ISO VG 32. Para um fluido de pressão VG32 e para a temperatura máxima deste fluido, pode-se verificar a seguinte viscosidade: • VG 32: • VG 32:
com com
0°C = 300 mm2/s +60°C = 15 mm2/s
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Exemplo para seleção de componentes hidráulicos Componentes
Temperatura admissível do fluido hidráulico em C
Viscosidade admissível do fluido hidráulico em mm2/s
Bombas de engrenagem
-15 a +80
10 a 300
Bombas de palhetas (variável)
-10 a +70
16 a 160
Bombas de pistões axiais (variável)
-25 a +90
10 a 1000
Limites de aplicação são superiores as exigências
Válvulas de retenção
-30 a +80
2,8 a 500
Limites de aplicação são superiores as exigências
Válvulas direcionais
-30 a +80
2,8 a 500
Limites de aplicação são superiores as exigências
Válvulas limitadoras de pressão
-30 a +80
10 a 800
Limites de aplicação são superiores as exigências
˚
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Avaliação da possibilidade de aplicação Limites de aplicação correspondem as exigências - Faixa de temperatura seria suficiente - Faixa de viscosidade insuficiente Por conseguinte não se deve usar bomba de palhetas
Acumuladores hidráulicos – visão geral
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Acumuladores hidráulicos – visão geral
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Acumuladores hidráulicos – visão geral
Membrana
Bexiga
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Pistão
Acumuladores hidráulicos – Membrana
ACUMULADOR DE MEMBRANA
Pequenos volumes 0,075 até 2,8 ltrs Descartável ( para tipo soldado ) Principais funções: Manter pressão
Repor vazamentos Absorver golpes de aríete
Soldado © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Roscado
Acumuladores hidráulicos – bexiga
ACUMULADOR DE BEXIGA
Válvula de preenchimento
Carcaça em aço
Volumes de 1 até 50 ltrs Permite reparo ( troca da bexiga Principais funções : Somar vazão
Nitrogênio
Válvula anti-extrusão
Bexiga de borracha Conexão de entrada © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Reserva de energia hidráulica Absorver golpes de aríete Boa dinâmica
Acumuladores hidráulicos – bexiga
Reservatório de NITROGÊNIO auxiliar Montagem em paralelo
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Acumuladores hidráulicos – Pistão
ACUMULADOR DE PISTÃO
Grandes volumes 5 até 80 ltrs Principais funções:
Grandes reservas de óleo
Baixa dinâmica
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Acumuladores hidráulicos – Bloco de segurança
Atende as exigências e as prescrições de segurança conforme DIN 24 552 © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Acumuladores hidráulicos – elementos de fixação
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Manter de pressão
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Redução de tempo de ciclo
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Redução de tempo de curso – aumento da vazão
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Acionamento de emergência
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Acionamento de emergência para grande quantidade de fluido
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Frenagem de emergência
Lubrificação de emergência
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Compensação de Força
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Compensação de Vazamentos
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Amortecimento de choques e oscilação
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Acumuladores hidráulicos- exemplos de aplicação
Molas hidráulicas
Molas hidráulicas
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Acumuladores hidráulicos – Dimensionamento
Estado 1 Po = pressão de pré-carga Vo = volume do acumulador Estado 2 P1 = pressão mínima requerida V1 = Vo x 0,9 ( 10% menor que Vo) Estado 3 P2 = pressão máxima ( de bomba ) V2 = volume mínimo da bexiga
V = volume de óleo para o sistema
∆
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Acumuladores hidráulicos mudança de estado do gás
Tempo de ciclo < 1 minuto (90%) ADIABÁTICO Parte da energia é transformada em calor e trocada com o ambiente
Tempo de ciclo > 3 minuto (5%) ISOTÉRMICO Não há troca de calor com ambiente – transforma todaoa energia em trabalho
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Acumuladores hidráulicos – fórmulas
n = 1,4 para Nitrogênio © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Acumuladores hidráulicos – considerações
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Representação esquemática de serviço acumulador de êmbolo
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Comparativo ideal real
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Fator de correção estado isotérmico
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Fator de correção estado adiabático
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Constante de tempo térmica para acumuladores de bexiga
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Constante de tempo térmica para acumuladores de membrana e êmbolo
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Parte 9 = exemplo Acumuladores hidráulicos – cálculo do volume
1) Cálculo do volume do acumulador ( Vo ) Dados: P1 = 110 bar
considerando po = 0,9 p1 (acumulo de energia) n = 1,4 nitrogênio
P2 = 140 bar ∆
V = 4 litros
Po = 0,9 x 110 = 99 bar
Acumulo de energia
Vo = 27,39 litros
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Válvulas hidráulicas - apresentação
1.
Válvulas de retenção
2.
Válvulas de direcionais
3.
Válvulas de controle de pressão
4.
Válvulas de controle de fluxo
5.
Elementos lógicos
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Válvulas hidráulicas – retenção em linha
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1.
Corpo
2. 3.
cone Mola
4.
Assento
Válvulas hidráulicas – retenção em placa
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Válvulas hidráulicas – retenção em placa
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Válvulas hidráulicas – retenção pilotada em placa
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1.
cone
2. 3.
Assento Mola
4.
Carretel piloto
Válvulas hidráulicas – retenção geminada
1. 2. 3.
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cone cone Carretel central
Válvulas hidráulicas – circuito retenção pilotada
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Válvulas hidráulicas - direcionais
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Válvulas hidráulicas – direcionais – Visão Geral
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Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais sub-bases DIN 24340
TN 6
TN 16
TN 10 TN 25
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Válvulas hid ráulicas – direcionais – Simbologia
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Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais diferença de pressão
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Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais diferença de pressão
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Válvulas hid ráulicas – direcionais – performance
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Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais capacidade dinâmica
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Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais limite de Comutação
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Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais acionamento elétrico
TN 06
4WE
5-4WE
1.
Carretel
2.
Molas
3.
Válv. agulha ( controle fluxo)
4.
Bobina
5.
Conjunto solenóide
TN 10 © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais acionamento Manual
TN 06 TN 10
1. 2.
Alavanca Acionador
3.
Molas
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Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais acionamento por fluidos
Pneumático Hidráulico
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Válvulas hidráulicas direcionais pré-operadas
Completa
1 = Válvula principal (pilotada) 2 = Válvula piloto (TN 06) Simplificada
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Válvulas hidráulicas – controle de pressão
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Válvulas hidráulicas – controle de pressão ( visão gera l )
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( princípio )
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( alivio de ação direta )
AÇÃO DIRETA
DBDS6K
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( alivio de pré-comandado )
PRÉ-COMANDADO
DB © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( alivio com ventagem eletr.)
Com válvula elétrica
DBW
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( curvas características ) Ação direta Pré-comandada Abertura
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão (resposta da válvula)
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( descarga pré-comandada ) PRÉ-COMANDADO
DA © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Válvulas hidráulicas de pre ssão ( descarga – exemplos )
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( redutora – direta )
DIRETA
DR.D
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( Principio) DIRETA
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Válvulas hidráulicas de pressão ( redutora pré-operada ) PRÉ-COMANDADO
DR
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Válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão
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Válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão ( visão geral )
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Válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão (princípio)
MAIOR AÇ AÇÃO DA VISCOSIDADE
MENOR AÇ AÇÃO DA VISCOSIDADE
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Válvulas hidrául icas – controle de vazão (tipos de contr ole )
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Válvulas hidráulicas – controle de fluxo (gráfico )
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Parte 12 : página 214 Válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão ( em linha )
MK
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Válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão ( em cartucho )
VERK © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão ( em módulo )
Z2FS
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Válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão ( compensada) Válvulas reguladoras de vazão com balança de pressão
Balança de pressão
Principal função de manter o fluxo constante independente da pressão de entrada
P1 – P2 = CONSTANTE
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Válvulas hidráulicas de controle de vazão (compensada)
2FRM
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Filtragem
Por que devemos controlar o nível de contaminação em fluidos hidráulicos ?
Porque de 70 a 80% das avarias que ocorrem nos equipamentos hidráulicos são provocadas por contaminantes no fluido
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Filtragem
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Filtragem
Quais os prejuízos causados pela contaminação ?
1.
Perdas de produção
2.
Parada de máquina
3.
Custo de reposição de equipamento
4.
Custo com compras urgentes
5.
Desgaste prematuro dos equipamentos
6.
Custo com troca de fluido
as n ma s hu a Vid
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Filtragem
Quais os tipos de contaminantes ? Partículas sólidas
Líquidos
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Gasoso
Filtragem – Efeito dos contaminantes
Tipos de contaminação Gasosa
Líquida
Ar
Água
Efeito Sólida Óxido de ferro Partículas de ferrugem
extremamente danoso
Ferro Aço Latão Bronze Alumínio
muito danoso
Tecidos duros Fibras Desgastes de vedações Partículas de borracha vindas de mangueiras Partículas de pintura Produtos de oxidação do fluido hidráulico
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pouco danoso
Filtragem – comparação de tamanhos de partículas
Quais os tamanhos das partículas ? 75
Cabelo humano
m µ 30 m e o rt e15 m â i D5
1 Filme lubrific. de armazenagem
Partículas finas/grossas
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Filtragem – tamanhos de partículas
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Filtragem – Fontes de contaminação
Quais as fontes de contaminação ? 1.
HASTE DE CILINDROS
2.
MONTAGEM
3.
CONTAMINAÇ CONTAMINAÇÃO INICIAL
4.
CONTAMINAÇ CONTAMINAÇÃO INTERNA
5. 6.
DESGASTE ÓLEOS NOVOS
7.
REPAROS
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Filtragem – Folgas dos componentes
Quais são as folgas ?
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Filtragem – Danos nas folgas internas
Quais são os danos ?
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Filtragem – Reação em cadeia
Uma reação em cadeia
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Filtragem – Danos nas folgas internas
Contaminação como dano ––Cavaco de usinagem encravado – Partícula estranha na pista do conseqüente rolamento de esferas
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Filtragem – Classificação
Como classificar os contaminantes ? NAS 1638
ISO 4406
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Filtragem – Norma NAS 1638
Quantidade máxima de contaminantes a cada 100 ml de fluido
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Filtragem – Norma ISO 4406 - (1999) ISO-Code (conf. ISO 4406) (nach
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Quant. Partikde elapartículas nzahl / 1/ 010mlml
vdeon
até s
0,5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 130 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 16000 32000 64000 130000 260000
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 130 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 16000 32000 64000 130000 260000 500000
500000 1000000 2000000 4000000 8000000 16000000 32000000 64000000 130000000
1000000 2000000 4000000 8000000 16000000 32000000 64000000 130000000 250000000
Quantidade máxima de contaminantes a cada 1 ml de fluido
15 / 13 / 10 >4µm >6µm >14µm
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Filtragem –
Ó l e o NA S 7 o u
ISO 18/16/13
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Filtragem – fotos microscópicas - diversas classes
Óleo novo, fornecido em minicontainers • NAS 7
ISO 18/16 /13
Óleo novo, fornecido em caminhão tanque • NAS 9
ISO 20/18/15
Óleo novo, fornecido em tambores • NAS 12
• NAS 5
ISO 16/14/11
• Necessária para modernos sistemas hidráulicos
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ISO 2 3/21/18
Filtragem – Classificação
Qual o nível adequado ?
NAS 1638
ISO DIS 4406
Grau de filtr. absoluto recomendado [µm]
Bombas de engrenagem Cilindros Válvulas direcionais Válvulas lim. de pressão Válvulas estranguladoras Bombas de pistões
9 9 9 9 9 9
21/18/15 21/18/15 21/18/15 21/18/15 21/18/15 21/18/15
10 10 10 10 10 10
Bombas de palhetas Válvulas de pressão Válvulas proporcionais Servoválvulas Servocilindros
9 6-8 6-8 4 4
21/18/15 19/16/13 19/16/13 16/13/10 16/13/10
10 5 5 3 3
Componentes hidráulicos
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Classe de pureza até
Filtragem – contaminação por água
Água livre
Água emulsionada
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Filtragem – contaminação por água
3% de H2O
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0,03% de H2O
Filtragem – filtros
SUPERFICIE
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PROFUNDIDADE
Filtragem – filtro de superfície
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Filtragem – filtro de profundidade
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Filtragem – grau de filtragem - razão Beta
elemento filtrante em teste
Nfluxo entrada ß X=
nfluxo entrada ≥ x µm nfluxo de saída ≥ x µm
elemento filtrante em teste
Nfluxo saída
Nfluxo entrada50=0 nfluxo entrada
N ≥
fluxo saída =
20
elemento filtrante em teste
x µm
ßX= nfluxo de saída ≥ x µm
X =entrada Nßfluxo 25 20=0
ßX=
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N
fluxo saída =
nfluxo entrada ≥ x µm nfluxo de saída ≥ x µm
ßX = 200
1
Filtragem – eficiência
EFICIÊNCIA %
VALOR BETA
Quantidade de partículas após o filtro quando existem 1.000.000 partículas na entrada do mesmo
0%
1
1.000.000
50%
2
500.000
80%
5
200.000
98,7%
75
13.333
99%
100
10.000
99,5%
200
5.000
99,9%
1.000
1.000
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Filtragem – localização comparativo
Componente
Tarefa
no corpo
no sistema
no corpo
humano Brónquios
hidráulico Filtro de ar
humano Filtração e limpeza hidráulico do ar aspirado e expelido Separação de partículas sólidas e água Filtro de proteção para organismos respect. componentes na seqüência Geração de pressão e fluxo volumétrico, necessários para organismos / sistemas Responsável para o total funcionamento do corpo / sistema Separação de partículas sólidas
Fígado
Filtro de retorno Filtro de pressão
Coração
Bomba
Cérebro
Comando
Rim
Diálise Sangue Sistema de nervos
Filtro de fluxo
no sistema
secundário e água Transp. de energia, eliminação Fluido hidrául. Alimentação dos organismos operacional e eliminação de impurezas de temperatura, redução de atrito Sistema de informação sobre Sensores sobre pressão, Monitoramento o estado dos organismos temperatura, nível de tanque
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Filtragem – localização dos filtros
COMANDO
M
M M
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Filtragem – filtro de sucção
COMANDO
M
M M
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Filtragem – filtro de pressão
COMANDO
M
M M
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Filtragem – filtro de retorno
COMANDO
M
M M
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Filtragem – filtro de ar
COMANDO
M
M M
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Filtragem – indicadores de contaminação
VISUAL
ELÉ ELÉTRICO
ELÉ ELÉTRICO COM LED
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Acessórios hidráulicos
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Acessórios hidráulicos – kit off-line
Filtro + trocador de calor
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Acessórios hidráulicos – Suporte para tubos
Barra suporte
Abraçadeira suporte
Bucha de borracha © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Acessórios hidráulicos – transdutores de pressão
© All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Acessórios hidráulicos – pressostatos eletrônicos
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Acessórios hidr. medição: temperatura, vazão e nível.
Chaves de nível
Captador de temperatura
Medidor de vazão Visor de nível © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Acessórios hidráulicos – Montagens
Manifolds Standart
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Sub-base individual
Acessórios hidráulicos – Montagens
Blocos especiais © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Acessórios hidráulicos – técnicas de encade amento
Montagens Modulares © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
unidades hidráulicas
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unidades hidráulicas padrões
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unidades hidráulicas – compactas - mini unidades
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dimensionamento
de × n Q
Reservatório
=
1000
Kw =
Vmax = 3 a 5 x Qp (Qp em L/min)
© All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
=
Q× p
600 ×ηt
(l / min)
= ( Kw)
Parte 3: pagina 36 seleção da bomba
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Parte 3: página 28 Critérios para selecionar o do tipo de circuito Tipo de circuito aberto (controle de estrangulamento ) Trabalho
contínuo intermitente
aberto (controle de bomba)
fechado/ semifechado (sistema de compensação)
X
X
X
Alta potência Pressão de operação
X baixa
(até 160
X
(até 250
X
bar) m éd i a
X
X
X
X
bar) alta (até 450 bar) Sistema
simples
X
complexo Rápida resposta de controle
X
X X
X
X1)
X1)
Compacto (tanque de fluido) Tipo de saída
X rotativo linear
X X
1)
X
Somente quando os percursos de tubulação são curtos ou quando usada em circuitos de controle secundário © All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications. We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
Parte 3: pagina 31 circuito aberto – circuito fechado
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circuito aberto e Circuito fechado
Circuito aberto
Normalmente aplicado na industria
Circuito fechado
Normalmente aplicado na móbil
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FIM
OBRIGADO !!!!
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