Physics Matriculatio M atriculation n Syllibus Syllibus
1)Physical Quantities and Measurement - Physical Quantities and Units - Co Conversion nversion of Uni Unitt - Scalar and Vectors - Resolving a Vecto Vectorr - Multiplication of Vectors 2)Kinematic of Linear Motion - Kinematics of Linear Motion - Uniformly accelerated Motion - Freely Falling Bodies - Projectile Motion - Projectile Motion Continue.... 3)Forc 3)F orce, e, Momentum Momentum & Impul Impulse se - Force - Newton's Laws - Co Conservation nservation of Li Linear near Momentum and Impulse Impulse - Conservation of Linear Momentum and Impulse (continue) - Reacti Reaction on & Fricti Frictional onal Forces 4)Work, 4)Work , Energ Energy y and Power - Work & Energy - Co Conservation nservation of Energ Energy y - Power and and Mechanica Mechanicall Ef Efficiency ficiency 5)Static - Equi Equilibr librium ium of a Par Particl ticlee - Polig Poligon on of For Forces ces - Equi Equilibr librium ium of a Ri Rigid gid Body - Equi Equilibr librium ium of a Ri Rigid gid Body (continue) 6)Circular Motion - Uniform Circular Motion - Centripetal Force - Centri Centripetal petal Force (conti (co ntinue1) nue1) - Centri Centripetal petal Force (conti (co ntinue2) nue2) 7)Rotation 7)Rota tion of a Rigi Rigid d Body - Parameters in Rotational Motion - Rotational Motion with Uniform Angular Acceleration - Ce Centre ntre of Mass, Mom Mo ment of Inertia and Torq Torque ue - Torque - Rotational Kinetic Energy & Power - Work - Conservation of Angular Momentum 8)Gravitation - Newton's Law of Gravitation - Gravi Gravitat tatiio nal Force and and Field Field Streng Strength th - Gravitational Potential and Gravitational Potential Eneergy
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- Escape Velocity Satellite motion in a circular Orbit 9)Simple Harmonic Motion - Simple Harmonic Motion - Kinematic of SHM - Kinematic of SHM (continue) - Graph of SHM - Graph of SHM (continue) - Damped and Forced Oscillations and resonance 10)Mechanical Waves - Waves and Energy - Properties of Waves - Properties of Waves (continue) - Interference of WAves - Stationary Waves 11)Sound Wave - The Propagation of Sound Wave - Superposition and Beats - Stationary Waves - Intensity - Doppler Effect 12)Mechanical Properties of Matter - Intermolecular Force and Potential Energy - Young Modulus - Young Modulus (continue) 13)Fluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic Pressure - Buoyancy - Fluid Dynamics - Viscosity 14)Temperature & Heat Transfer - Temperature & Heat - Heat Transfer - Thermal Expansion 15)Kinetic Theory of Gases - Ideal Gas Equation - Kinetic Theory of Gases - Kinetic Theory of Gases (continue) - Molecular Kinetic Energy - Internal Energy & Molar Specific Heat 16)Thermodynamics - First Law of Thermodynamics - Thermodinamics Processes - Thermodynamics Processes (continue) - Thermodynamics Work - Thermodynamics Work (continue) Pasted f rom
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Principles Of Physics Sem 1 Tuesday, 21 September, 2010 2:30 AM
Principle of conservation of energy “in an isol ated (closed) system, the total energy of that system is constant”.
Principle of conservation of momentum “In an isol ated (closed) system, the total momentum of that system is constant.” OR “When the net external f orce on a system is zero, the total momentum of that system is constant.”
Principle of conservation of angular momentum the total angular momentum of a syste m about an rotation axis is constant if no external torque acts on the system.
Principle of Superposition Whenever two or more waves are travelling in the same the same region ,the resul tant displacement at any point is the ve ctor sum of their indivi dual displacement at the point
Bernoulli's Principle For an ideal fluid, the pressure of the fl uid is l ow when the velocity is high and vice versa
Archimedes's Principle When a body partially or fully emerged in a fluid,the f luid exerts an upward (bouyant ) force on the body equal to the wei ght of the water displaced by the body
Principle of Equipartition of Energy “the mean (average) kinetic energy of every degrees of freedom of a molecule is
or
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Theories Of Physics Sem 1 Tuesday, 21 September, 2010 2:30 AM
Work-energy theorem work done by the nett force on a body equals the change in the body’s total energy”
Work-kinetic energy theorem “the work done by the nett force on a body equals the change in the body’s kinetic energy”.
Work-gravitational potential energy theorem “ the change in gravitational potenti al energy as the negative of the work done by the gravitational force”.
Parallel- Axis Theorem (Steiner’s Theorem) moment of inertia, I about any axis parallel to and a distance, d away from the axis through the centre of mass, ICM is given by
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Laws Of Physics Sem 1 Tuesday, 21 September, 2010 2:30 AM
Newton’s first law of motion “an object will remain at rest or continues to move with uniform velocity in a straight line unless it i s acted upon by a external forces”
Newton’s second law of motion “the rate of change of li near momentum of a moving body is proportional to the resul tant force and is in the same direction as the f orce acting on it”
Newton’s 2nd law of motion restates “The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the ne tt force acting on it and inversel y proportional to its mass”.
Newton’s third law of motion “every action force has a reaction force that i s equal in magnitude but opposite in direction”.
Hooke’s Law “the restoring force, Fs of spring is dire ctly proportional to the amount of stretch or compression (extension or elongation), x i f the limit of proportionality is not e xceeded”
Newton’s second law of motion in term of linear momentum the vector sum of all the torques acting on a rigid body is proportional to the rate of change of angular momentum.
Newton's Law of Gravitation a point mass wil l attract another point mass in any part of the univ erse with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inv ersely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Pascal's Law Pressure transmitted in an enclosed li quid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fl uid and the walls of container
Zeroth Law of thermodynamics If two system A and b are separately i n thermal equil ibrium with third system C,then A and B are i n thermal equil ibrium with each other
Stefan's Boltzmann's Law The rate of energy radiated per unit area of a body is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute (Kel vin )temperature
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Boyle's Law The pressure of fix ed mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume
Charles Law The volume of a fix ed mass of gas at constant pressure is dire ctly proportional to its absolute volume
Gay-Lussac's Pressure Law The pressure of a fix ed mass of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to its absolute volume
First Law of Thermodynamics The heat (Q) supplied to a system i s equal to the i ncrease in the internal energy (DU) of the system plus the work done (W) by the system on its surroundings
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Definition of Physics's Term Sem 1 Monday, 26 July, 2010 1:27 PM
Gravitational Field the region of space surrounding a body that has the property of mass.
Gravitational field strength the gravitational force pe r unit mass of a body (test mass) placed at a point.
Apparent weight weight fel t by a mass due to the normal reaction force exe rted by the floor or due to the tension in the string
Gravitational potential the work done by an external force in bringing the test mass from infinity to a point per unit test mass.
Weightlessness Weight felt by a mass due to the normal reaction force ex erted By the floor or due to the tension in the string
Simple Harmonic Motion Periodic motion without loss of ene rgy in which the acceleration of a body i s directly propotional To its displacement from the equilibrium position and is directed towards the equilibrium position but in the opposite direction of displacement
Amplitude Maximum magnitude of displacement from the equilibrium position Damping Oscillation Oscillation in which its amplitude decrease slowly until the amplitude is zero (the system stops oscillating ) Forced Oscillation Oscillation produced by an external periodic force Resonance Phenome non of the occurrence of a maximum ampli tude whe n the driving frequency equals the natural frequency of a system forced into oscillation Waves The propagation of as disturbance that caries the ene rgy and momentum away from the sources of disturbance Mechanical Waves A disturbance that travels through the particles of the medium to transfer the e nergy
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Electromagnetic Wave The transportation of energy because of the di sturbance in electric and magnitude fields Progressive Wave The one in whi ch the wave profile propagates Transverse Wave Wave that the direction of vibration of the particle is perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation (wave speed) Longitudinal Wave Wave that the direction of vibration of the particle i s parallel to the direction of the wave propagation Wavelength Distance between two consecutive particles (point )which in the same phase Frequency Number of cycles (wavelength) produced in 1 second Wave Speed Distance travelle d by a wave profile per unit time Displacement Distance moved by a particle from its equil ibrium position at every point along a wave Interference Interaction (superposition )of two or more wave motion Constructive Interference The resultant displ acement is greater than the displacement of the indi vidual wave Destructive Interference The resultant displ acement is less than the displacement of the individual wave or equal to zero Stationary (standing wave) A form of w ave in which the profile of the wave does not move through the medium Pitch Property of sound that characterizes highness or lowness of the tone to an observer Fundamental Frequency Lowest frequency emits by the musical instruments at a particular tone Overtones Other upper than the fundamental tone ( mode) emits by the musical instruments Harmonics Frequencies ,which are multiples of fundamental frequency of a vibrating syste m Quality of Tone (timbre) Property of sound that enables a listener to distinguish a type of musical instrument from another although both instrument have the same pitch and loudness Loudness A sensation of sound perceived by a l istener Beats Periodic variation in amplitude of sound at a given point due to superpositi on of two sound waves having slightly different frequencies
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Intensity Rate of sound energy fl ow across unit area perpendi cular to the direction of the sound propagation. Doppler Effect Change in the apparent (observed) frequency of a wave as a result of relative motion between the source and the observer Wavefront A line or surface,in the path of a wave motion,on which the disturbances at every point have the same phase Intermolecular Forces Forces ex ist between molecules can explain the properties of sol ids, liquids and gas Elasticity Of Solids Property of soli d that enable them to return to their original di mensions (shape and size) after an applied force has been removed Strength Ability of a material to wi thstand a force without breaking Stiffness Resistance of material to changes in shape and size Ductility Tendency of A material to change its si ze and shape considerably before breaking Brittleness Tendency of a material to break without def orming Young Modulus Ratio of the tensile stress to the tensile strain if the proportionality limit has not excee ded Hydrostatic Pressure Normal force pe r unit area Viscosity A measure of fluid resistance to flow Terminal Velocity Constant velocity finally attained by a body moving through a fluid under gravity whe n there is zero nett force acting on it Streamline Path taken by a fl uid particle under a steady (laminar flow) Temperature A fundamental quantity that measures the de gree of hotness of an object Heat Energy that is transferred from one body to another because di fference in temperature Thermal Equilibrium The state when the te mperature of two bodie s are equal Absolute Zero of Temperature The lowest temperature on the thermodynamics scale at which the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules is minimal Ice point (Melti ng/Freezing point of water)
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temperature at which there i s equilibrium between ice and water at standard atmospheric pressure. Steam point (Boiling point of water) temperature of steam maintained at standard atmospheric pressure when it is in equil ibrium with water. Freezing process in which a liquid changes into soli d state without a change in te mperature. Melting process in which a solid changes into liquid state without a change in temperature Boiling process in which a liquid changes into gas state without a change in tempe rature Triple point of water temperature at which i ce, water and water vapour (steam) co-exist in equilibrium. Thermal Conduction A process when heat transferred through a solid from a region of hi gh temperature to a region of lowe r temperature Convection a process whereby heat is transferred from one part of a fluid to another by movement of the fluid itself. Radiation a process whereby heat is transferred by electromagnetic waves (e.m.w.) Thermal expansion Change in dime nsions of a body accompanying a change in temperature Coefficient of linear expansion Fractional increase in length of a solid per unit rise in temperature Coefficient of Area Expansion Fractional increase in area of a solid surface per unit rise in temperature Coefficient of Volume Expansion Fractional increase in volume of a solid per unit rise in temperature Ideal Gas A perfect gas that obeys the three gas laws (Boyle's,Charles's,and gay-lussac's) exactly Degree of Freedom Number of inde pendent ways in which an atom or mole cule can absorb or release or store the energy Internal energy Sum of total kinetic ene rgy and total potential energy of the gas molecules Molar specific heat (molar heat capacity) amount of he at required to raise the temperature of 1 mole gas by 1 K or 1 °C. Molar specific heat at constant pressure (CP) amount of heat required to raise the tempe rature of 1 mole gas by 1 K or 1 °C at constant pressure.
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Molar specific heat at constant volume (CV ) amount of heat required to raise the tempe rature of 1 mole gas by 1 K or 1 °C at constant volume. Thermodynamic System Any collection of objects that is convenient to regard as a unit ,and that may have the potential e nergy to exchange with i ts surrounding Isothermal process process that occurs at constant temperature Adiabatic process process that occurs without heat transfer into or out of a system Isochoric (Isovol umetric) process that occurs at constant volume Isobaric process that occurs at constant pressure
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Equations In Physics Tuesday, 21 September, 2 010 2:00 AM
(c2) Kinematics of Linear Motion
Average Velocity
Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
Average Acceleration
Instantaneous Acceleration
Equation of Linear Motion
Maximum Height Of Free Falling Bodies
Equation of Linear Motion & Free Fall ing Bodies
Equation Of Vertical Motion
(c3) Force Momentum Impulse
Newton's Second Law Of Motion
Newton's First Law of Motion
Momentum
Newton's Third Law of Motion
Principle of Conservation of Momentum
Weight
Frictional Force
Impulse Coefficient of restitution
(c4) Work, Energy, Power
Work Kinetic Energy
Work
Gravitational Potential Energy
Nett Work
Elastic Potential Energy
Nett Work
Restoring Force of Spring
Elastic Potential Energy
Work-energy theorem
Work Elastic Potential Energy Theorem
Power Principle of Conservation of Energy
Conservation of mechanical Energy
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Equation of Horizontal Motion
Average Power
Instantaneous Power Average Power
Mechanical Efficiency
Mechanical Efficiency
(c5) Static
Torque
Torque
Equilibrium of A Rigid Body
Equilibrium Of A Rigid Body
Equilibrium of Rigid Body
(c6) Circular motion
Length Of Arc
Frequency
Centripetal Acceleration
Tangential Velocity Tangential Velocity
Centripetal Acceleration
CentripetalAcceleration
Centripetal Force
Centripetal Force
(c7) Rotational of A Rigid Body
Angular Displacement
Instantaneous Angular Velocity Average Angular Velocity
Linear Velocity Average Angular Accelaration
Instantaneous Angular Acceleration
Resultant Acceleration Centripetal Acceleration Centre Of Mass
Parallel-Axis Theorem (Steiner's Theorem)
Moment Of Inertia
Total Torque In A Rigid Body
Rotational Kinetic Energy
Total Kinetic Energy For Rolling Body W ithout Slipping
Power
Work Work-Rotational Kinetic Energy Theorem
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Angular Momentum
Angular Momentum
Angular Momentum
Principle Of Conservation Of Linear Momentum
Principle Of Conservation Of Angular Momentum
(c8) Gravitation
Gravitational Force Gravitational Field Strength
Gravitational potential
Work Done By External Force To Bring Test Mass From r1 to r2
Gravitational potential difference between point A and B
Gravitational potential
Gravitational Field Strength
(c8) Simple Harmonic Motion
Frequency
Period
Period of Simple Pendulum
Simple Harmonic Motion
Equation of SHM
Frequency
Velocity
Period of Spring Oscillation
Maximum Velocity
Maximum Acceleration
Acceleration Velocity
Acceleration
Velocity
Acceleration
Potential Energy
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy
Total Energy Total Energy
(c10 &c11) Mechanical & Sound Wave
Velocity (wave speed)
Equation of Displacement (sin progressive wave) Wave Number,k
Wave Number,k
Equation of Wave Propagation
Phase Difference
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Equation o f Particle's Velocity
Equation of a Particle's Acceleration In Wave
Equation of Wave Propagation
Equation of Particle's Acceleration in Wave
Equation of displacement (sound wave)
Equation of Stationary Wave
Fundamental Frequency Equation for Pressure
Wave speed on The Spring
Mass per Unit Length Mass per Unit Length
Mass per Unit Length
Frequency
Frequency
Beat Frequency
Beat Frequency
Frequency
Observer's and Source's Frequency Sound Intensity
Relationship Between Area and Distance from the Source
Wavelength in Front moving Source
Wavelength Behind Moving Source Equation of Doppler Effect
(c12) Mechanical Properties of Matter
Repulsive Force
Attractive Force
Resultant Force Between Atoms
Young Modulus
Work Done
Force Constant
(c13) Fluid Machanics
Viscous Drag Force Coefficient of Viscocsity
Hydrostatic Pressure
Volume Flow Rate
Pascal's Law
Terminal Velocity (valid for sphere without turbulent)
Bouyant Force Torecelli's Law
Bernoulli's Equation
(c14) Tempe rature & HeatTransfer
Stefan's Boltzmann's Law Rate of Heat Transferred
Thermal Conductivity
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Linear Expansion
Area Expansion
Coefficient of Linear Expansion
Relationship Between Coefficient of Linear Expansion And Area Expansion
Coefficient of Area Expansion
Volume Expansion
Relationship Between Coefficient of Volume Expansion and Area Expansion
Coefficient of Volume Expansion
Final Density
(c15) Kinetic Theory of Gases
Boyle's Law
Ideal Gas Equation
Universal Gas Law Gay-lussac' s (pressure) Law
Charles's law
Ideal Gas Equation (in term of Boltzmann constant)
Force Exerted on The Wall in All Direction
Pressure of An Ideal Gas Pressure of Gas
Root Mean Square Velocity
Root Mean Square Velocity
Translational Kinetic Energy of A Molecule
Total Average Translational Kinetic Energy
Average Kinetic Energy per Molecules
Average Kinetic Energy per Mole
Equation of Specific Heat Capacity
Molar Specific Heat at Constant Volume
Molar Specific Heat
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Relationship Between CP and CV Ratio Between CP and CV
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(c16) Thermodynamics
Quantity of Heat Supply (1st Law of Thermodynamics)
Work Done at Constant Pressure Work Done by Gas
Change in Internal Energy
Isothermal Process
Equation of Isothermal Changes
Adiabatic Process
Isochoric (isovolumetric)
Adiabatic Changes Equation of Adiabatic Changes in Pressure and Volume
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