FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
CONTENIDO RESUMEN EJECUTIVO I.
ASPECTOS GENERALES Nombre del Proyecto. Unidad Formuladora y Ejecutora Participación de las entidades involucradas y de los beneficiarios Marco de referencia
II.
IDENTIFICACIÓN Diagnóstico de la situación actual Definición Definición del problema problema y sus sus causas Objetivo del proyecto Determinación de las alternativas de solución
III.
FORMULACIÓN Ciclo del Proyecto y su horizonte de evaluación Análisis de la demanda Análisis de la oferta Balance Oferta Demanda Secuencia de de etapas y actividades actividades de cada proyecto proyecto alternativo alternativo Costos a precios precios de mercado. Flujo Flujo de de costo costoss a precio precioss de mercad mercadoo
I V.
EVALUACION Evaluación Evaluación económica a precios de de mercado mercado Estimación de los costos sociales Análisis de Sensibilidad Selección del mejor proyecto alternativo Análisis de sostenibilidad del proyecto del proyecto seleccionado Análisis del impacto ambiental ambiental del proyecto proyecto seleccionado seleccionado Marco lógico
V.
CONCLUSION
VI .
ANEXOS Análisis de Costos Costos unitarios unitarios y Requerimiento Requerimiento de insumos insumos Desarrollo de actividades secuenciales Mapas Mapas y Fotos Fotos Documentos legales
2
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
A.- NOMBRE DEL PROYECTO: PROYECTO:
“Fortale “Fortalecim cimien iento to de Capacid Capacidades ades en en la Forest Forestació ación n y R eforesta eforestación ción en 15 loca locali lidad dades, es, distr distrito ito Santi Santiago ago de Pischa Pischa,, prov provinc incia ia Huama Huamanga nga - Ayacu Ayacuch cho”. o”. B.- OBJETIVO OBJETIVO DEL PROYECTO PROYECTO El presente presente proyec proyecto to tiene tiene por objetiv objetivoo principa principall el “ Elevar la producción forestal en el distrito de santiago santiago de pischa” pischa ” C.- BALANCE BALANCE DE OFERTA Y DEMANDA DE DE PLAN DEL SERVICIO SERVICIO Al identificarse identificarse que no existe existe una oferta oferta de servicios servicios de administración, administración, así así como de formación técnica para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades de la población en actividades forestales, la brecha no atendida será la demanda estimada en la sección anterior, es decir para cada uno de los servicios identificados. BALANCE BALANCE OFERTA OFERTA – DEMANDA DEMANDA DE ÁREA ÁREA FORESTABL FORESTABLE E
OFERTA (Has) DEMANDA (Has) BALANCE OFER.DEMANDA (Has)
AÑO 1 0
AÑO 2 0
AÑO 3 0
AÑ O 4 0
…. . 0
40
440
840
840
840
840
-840
840
-840
-40
-440
-840
AÑO 20
Demand a/Oferta AÑO 1 AÑO 2 AÑO 3 AÑO 4 ….. AÑO 20 Oferta de Servicios de Formación Técnica Demanda de Servicios de Formación Técnica Balan Balance ce Ofert Ofertaa - Deman Demanda da
0
0
90 -90
109 -109
133 -133
0
0
0
161 -161
196 -196
633 -633
FUENTE: Diagnóstico Diagnóstico Realizada Realizada por la Agencia Agraria Agraria Huamanga (2010) (2010) D.- DESCRIPCION DESCRIPCION TECNICA TECNICA DEL PROYECTO PROYECTO En ambas alternativas los servicios y productos que serán provistos con la ejecución del presente proyecto son definidos como: a. Dotació ción de mad madera (m3/H m3/Haa) b. Dotación de de le leña (carga)
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
forestación y reforestación como un a forma de recuperar las áreas de aptitud forestal utilizando las especies nativas y exóticas. Los agentes participantes están compuestos por pequeños productores agrícolas, que son campesinos, propietari propietarios os de pequeñas parcelas, parcelas, pequeñas pequeñas parcelas que mucha s veces se encuentran dentro del sistema agrosilvopastoriles a pequeña escala. Adicionalmente podemos encontrar la presencia de Comunidades Campesinas, en cuyas tierras se va a realizar la reforestación, ambos agentes están dispuestos a implementar el proyecto en parte de su propiedad, y a recibir capacitación y asistencia técnica para la instalación, el manejo y aprovechamiento de plantaciones forestales. E.- COSTOS DEL PROYECTO PROYECTO PART
1.00 1.00 1.10 2.00 2.00 2.10 2.20
DESCRIPCION DE ACTIVIDADES ESTU ESTUDI DIO O DEFI DEFINI NITI TIVO VO Expediente Técnico
INSTA INSTAL. L. EN TRESB TRESBOL OLILL ILLO O Cons trtr uc uccion de viver o v ol olante Producción de de pl plantones Eu Eucali pt pto Establec, en tresbolillo Producción de de plantone s Pi Pino TRAN TRANSF SF.T .TEC ECNO NOLO LOGI GICA CA Asis Asiste tenc ncia ia téc técni nica ca Capa Capaci cita taci ció ón Curso talleres
3.00 3.00 3.10 3.10 3.20 3.20 3.21 3.33 3.40 Pasantía 3.41 Ayacucho- Ca Cajamarca Ayacucho- Oxapampa
UNID
Exp Ha Glo ba bal Millar Ha Millar Ha Evento Viaje Viaje
PROGRAMACION META P.UNITAR 1.00 3,500.00 20.000 840.00 1,100.000 202.00 2
6,000.00 72,646.32 283.21 2,187.50 58.39 132.75 800.00
PR PRESUPUESTO 6,000.00 6,000.00 2,420,036.82 72,646.32 5,664.25 1,837,500.00 504,226.25 93,275.50 26,815.50 33,600.00
1 1
17,480.00 15,380.00
17,480.00 15,380.00
CRONOGRAMA DE EJECUCION AÑO 0 AÑO 01 6,000.00 6,000.00 332,581.82 72,646.32 2,832.13 87,500.00 169,603.38 20,138.50 8,938.50 11,200.00 -
4.00 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30
ORGA ORGAN NIZA IZACIÓN CIÓN Sensibiliazación de product. Capacitación Constitucion de Asociaciones
Mes Charla Asoc.
12.00 2 6.00
3,200.00 800.00 40.00
74,640.00 38,400.00 33,600.00 2, 2,640.00
11,200.00 11,200.00
5.00 5.00 5.10
EQUIP QUIPAM AMIE IENT NTO O Adquisición de Equipos
Módulo
1.00
32,420.00
32,420.00 32,420.00
32,420.00 32,420.00
COSTO DIRECTO Gastos Generales (10 %) Gastos Imprevistos (3 %) Gasto s d e Super vi visión (2 % ) COSTO TOT AL
S/. S/. S /./. S/.
2,626 2,6 26,3 ,372 72.3 .322 262,637.23 78,791.17 52,527.45 3,02 3,020, 0,328. 3 28.17 17
402 02,3 ,340 40.3 .322 40,234.03 12,070.21 8,046.81 462, 462,69 691. 1.37 37
AÑO 02 -
1,043,727.5 1,416.06 75,000.00 167,311.44 35,518.50 8,938.50 11,200.00
1 ,043,727 .5 1,416.06 875,000.00 167,311.44 37,618.50 8,938.50 11,200.00
15,380.00
17,480.00 -
31,720.00 19,200.00 11,200.00 1,320.00
31,720.00 19,200.00 11,200.00 1 ,320.00
1,110 1 10,9 ,966 66.0 .000 111,096.60 33,328.98 22,219.32 1,27 1,277, 7,610. 6 10.90 90
1,113, 1,11 3,066. 0 66.00 00 111,306.60 33,391.98 22,261.32 1,28 1,280, 0,025. 0 25.90 90
F.- BENEFICIOS BENEFICIOS DEL PIP Este componente consiste consist e en realizar las plantaciones forestales en el contorno de los terrenos agrícolas o llamados también también linderos, dichos linderos de las parcelas se cercaran a base de piedras existente en la zona del proyecto con la finalidad de evitar los daños de las plantaciones por los animales o efectos del clima estas plantaciones se ejecutará con las especies forestales exóticas y nativas. Se establecer estableceráá 8 40 hectárea hectáreas: s: 825 825 Has Has con con Pino. Pino. 15 Has Has de Euc Eucal alip ipto to.. Par establecer establecer 840 Has, se requiere: requiere: Pino : 916.58 Millares de pl p lantones. Eucalipto : 16.67 Millares de plantones La plantación se hará: Pino : Distanciam iento de 3 x 3 m 11 1111 plantas por Ha E li t Di t i i t 3 3 1111 l t H
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
G.- RESULTADOS RESULTADOS DE LA EVALUACION EVALUACION En resumen, el presente proyecto proyecto es rentable de acuerdo a los indicadores indicadores económicos : ALTERNATIVA I
ALTERNATIVA II
TIR VNAS TIR VNAS PRECIOS PRECIOS PRECIOS PRECIOS PRECIOS PRECIOS PRIVADOS PRECIOS PRECIOS SOCIALES PRIVADOS SOCIALES PRIVADOS SOCIALES PRIVADOS SOCIALES (S/.) (S/.) (S/.) (S/.) 16,949 16,949,87 ,872.7 2.788 28,090, 28,090,185 185.82 .82 27.41% 43.68% 7,491,967.47 20,588,847.30 17.85% 34.94% B /C B /C S/. 1.78 S/. 1.30
H.- SOSTENIBILIDA SOSTENIBILIDAD D DEL PIP Los beneficiarios del Proyecto se identifican y compenetran con mucho interés y voluntad en el proyecto, como consecuencia se comprometen a participar directa e indirectamente en el proyecto con aporte de mano de obra, imp imp lementación de viveros temporales, y el mantenimiento durante la etapa de afianzamiento de los plantones. Como testimonio testimonio y plena identificación identificación se anexan anexan actas suscritos por los alca ldes de las municipalidades municipalidades Distritale D istritales, s, como también de los productores producto res individuales individuales y organizados Para darle la sostenibilidad del proyecto se ha involucrado a los principales actores: En la fase de inversión al Gobierno Regional de Ayacucho, la Dirección Regional Agraria y las Municipalidad Municipalidades. es. En fase fase de post post inversión inversión a los agricultore agricultoress organizados, organizados, los gobiernos locales. I.- IMPACTO AMBIENTAL AMBIENTAL Elimina los principales factores de contaminación del medio ambiente y principalmente la de los cuerpos de agua, al eliminar la utilización de venenos en los sistemas productivos; es decir, esto conllevara a la protección de la salud de los consumidores y de los campesinos al restringir el uso de agroquímicos en la agricultura, agricultura, la población población estará más sana y segura de de lo que consume, la calidad calidad de los alimentos y de la vida mejoran tanto en el medio rural como urbano.
Recupera y protege la diversificación de los ecosistemas, en los conceptos de fauna y flora.
Trabaja con el desarrollo de herramientas y tecnologías blandas, implementando las Buenas Buenas Práctica Prácticass Agrícol Agrícolas, as, que que no no reducen reducen la la conta contaminac minación; ión; lo que que permite permite que sean de fácil adopción por la mayoría de los campesinos.
Mantiene un mayor contacto con la naturaleza, acompaña y observa más de cerca todos los los procesos procesos y fenómenos fenómenos biológicos biológicos que envuelven envuelven la producción producción de de la tierra. tierra.
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
peticionado a los gobiernos locales y al gobierno regional de Ayacucho, para que priorice la ejecución de proyectos alternativo alternativo s como la reforestación, reforestación, como medio para obtener producto productoss forestal forestales es de mejor mejor calidad calidad que que pueda pueda cambiar cambiar su su calidad calidad de de vida. vida. En resumen la tendencia en cuanto a la conservación del medio ambiente es preocupación del mundo entero, ante las evidencias del calentamiento global del planeta. K.- PLAN DE IMPLEMENTA IMPLEMENTACION CION Para lograr la sostenibilidad y el éxito deseado con este proyecto se deberá tener en cuenta todo el ciclo del proyecto desde la fase de inversión hasta la evaluación ex post. Esto implica la adecuada implementación y la oportuna dotación de presupuesto, insumos y el apoyo logístico logístico necesarios necesarios para para el logro logro de las metas y los impactos esperados. La oportuna habilitación presupuestal deberá coincidir con el cronograma de ejecución del proyecto; proyecto; siendo siendo más rígido rígido la atención atención secuencial secuencial en comparación comparación con proyecto proyectoss de infraestructura, por tanto está la calendarización presupuestal están en estrecha relación con la Campaña Forestal, caso contrario no se puede obtener buenos resultados. El oportuno oportuno desembolso desembolso del financiamient financiamiento, o, está garantiz garantizado ado con la implementación implementación del sistema sistema adminis administrat trativo ivo del del Estado Estado,, (SEACE, (SEACE, SIAF SIAF - SIGA NET, NET, etc.). etc.). Y la predisp predisposic osición ión del Gobierno Regional Ayacucho. La supervisión y monitoreo en cada fase del ciclo del proyecto será decisivo para el éxito del proyecto, brindando soporte técnico e n las debilidades que pudiera presentarse durante su ejecución, mediante la retroalimentación. L.- CONCLUSIONES CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIO RECOMENDACIONES NES
Sobre la base del diagnostico se ha determinado como problema central del proyecto proyecto la “Baja “Baja producción producción forestal en el dis dis trito de Santiago Santiago de de Pischa”. Pischa”. El estudio establece los elementos técnicos que sustentan el dimensionamiento del proyecto, definen las actividades y recursos necesarios para la ejecución del estudio definitivo y se atienda a la población demandante. De acuerdo al resultado del análisis de sensibilidad a precios sociales de la alternativa elegida (alternativa 01) , tomando como variable el ingreso que genera el proyecto, se concluye la rentabilidad económica del proyecto con un VANS de S/.28,090,185.82 . El contexto general del proyecto proyecto comprende comprende la ejecución ejecución de las siguientes siguientes actividades: Producción de plantones forestales de las especies exóticas y nativas, en función de la capacidad de uso mayor de los suelos. Establecimiento Establecimiento de plantaciones plantaciones forestales forestales en 840 Has. Con el propósito de optimizar los resultados se desarrollaran programas de capacitación y asistencia técnica. Manejo forestales de las plantaciones establecidas hasta la obtención de los productos.
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
M.- MATRIZ MATRIZ DE MARCO LOGICO
OBJETIVOS
N I F
O T I S Ó P O R P
E T N E N O P M O C
S E N O I C C A
INDICADORES
Contribuir a mejorar el nivel socioeconómico de los agricultores del distr distrititoo de Santi Santiag agoo de Pischa. Elevar la Producción Forestal en el distrito de Santiago de Pischa.
A.-Bastas de áreas de con masa Forestal B.-Adecuado Manejo Forestal C.- Fortale Fortalecim cimien iento to de las las Org. de productores
Incremento de ingreso familiar de S/ 300.0 en el año 01 a S/ 2500al año 08 Incremento de producción de madera de 0.17 M3/planta a 0.42M3/planta al año 20. Incremento de VBP de S/. 66.60 sin proyecto hasta S/.83991600 al año 20
840 Has de instalación en sistema de tresbolillo en el año 02 825 825 Has de pino pino y 15 has has de de eucalipto 790 agricultore agricultoress capacitado capacitadoss y organizados en el año 02.
MEDIOS DE VERIFICACIÓN Compendio de INEI Estadística de DRAA Inventario forestal INRENA Datos estadísticos INEI.
Reporte de seguimiento y monitoreo de Agencias Agrarias y Asociación de Productores
SUPUESTOS
A.1.-Producción de plantones en viveros volantes e instalación B.2.-Transferencia tecnológica adecuada 1. Organizació Organizaciónn capacitación productores
1.- Instalación Instalación en tresbolillo tresbolillo - 16.6 16.677 Mill Millar ares es de plan planto tone ness eucalipto producidas - 916.5 916.588 Mill Millar ares es de plan planto tone ness pino producidos y - 840 Ha instala instaladas das de 2.- Transferenci Transferenciaa tecnológica tecnológica - 1200 1200,, 000 000 Hora Horass – Homb Hombre re PAT - 84 Char Charla lass - 02 Pasant Pasantía ía 3.- organizació organizaciónn de Productores Productores - 12 Meses de sensibilizac sensibilización ión - 06 Asociaciones Asociaciones constituidas constituidas Presu Presupu pues esto to de inver inversi sión ón:: 3,020,328.17 3,020,328.17 TOTAL
de de de de
de
S/.
Informe final de valorización Acta de entrega y recepción de proyecto. Liquidación del proyecto
Especie que garantizan su prendimiento Predisposición de la comercialización Los productores cuentan con plantas de buena calidad Condiciones climáticas favorables Asignación de presupuesto según el cronograma Disponibilida d de terreno por beneficiario
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Aspectos Aspec tos Genera G enerales les
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
1.1 1.1 Nomb Nombrre del del proy proyec ecto to “Fortale “Fortalecimi cimiento ento de Capac Capacidad idades es en la Forestac Forestación ión y R eforesta eforestación ción en 15 locali localidade dades, s, distri distrito to Santiag Santiago o de de Pisc Pischa, ha, provinc provincia ia Huamang Huamangaa - Ayacuc Ayacucho”. ho”. 1.2 Unidad Unidad formulad formuladora ora y ejec ejecutor utoraa del del proyec proyecto to UNIDAD FORMULADORA: La Municipalidad Municipalidad Distrital de Santiago de de Pischa Pischa es un entidad entidad básica básica de de la organización organización territorial territorial del estado y canales inmediatos inmediatos de participación veci nal en los asuntos públicos, que institucionalizan y gestionan con autonomía los intereses propios de las correspondientes colectividades; siendo elementos esenciales del gobierno local, el territorio, territorio, la población población y la organización, organización, como como promotor del del de sarrollo local, local, con personería jurídica de los derechos públicos y plena capacidad para el cumplimiento de sus fines. UNIDAD FORMULADORA S E CT OR DEPENDENCIA RESPONSANBLE U. U .F ELABORADOR CORREO ELECTRONICO
GOBIERNOS LOCAL MUNICIPA MUNICIPALIDA LIDAD D DISTRITA DISTRITAL L DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA
FELIX HERNAN OCHOA VARGAS Ing. Carlos Ti Tito Del Solar Sa Salazar munipischa @yahoo.com
UNIDAD EJECUTORA S E CT OR RESPONSANBLE INSTITUCIONAL C A R GO D I R E C C I ON TELEFONO
D I R E C C I O N R E GI ON A L A GR A R I A Ing. Pompeyo Córdova Paredes D I R E C TO R Av. Independência Nº 604 TEL.
El financiamiento del presente perfil será con recursos provenientes del tesoro público
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
CUADRO Nº 1.01 AGENTES INVOLUCRADOS. AGEN AGENTE TES S INVO INVOLU LUCR CRA ADOS DOS
COMP COMPON ONEN ENTE TES S GRA.- Gerencia Gerencia de Desarrollo Desarrollo Económico Económico,, Gerencia Gerencia de Recursos Naturales y M.A y la Dirección Regional Agraria OPDs.OPDs.- INRENA, INRENA, SENASA, SENASA, AGRORURAL, AGRORURAL, INIEA. INIEA. MUNICIPALIDA MUNICIPALIDA DE SANTIAGO DE PISCHA PISCHA UNSCH.- Facultad Facultad de Ciencias Ciencias Agrarias. INSTITUC INSTITUCIONE IONES.S.- FONCODES FONCODES a través través de Red Huamanga. ASOCIACIONES DE PRODUCTORES COMUNIDADES CAMPESINAS COLEGIOS.- CIP-CDA y Colegio Colegio de Biólogos Biólogos CONSULTORES.- Ing. Tito Del Solar IDESI, CARE, TADEPA, CEDAP, PAIDE, ADRA OFASA
ESTADO GREMIOS PROFESIONALES ONG
Fuente.Fuente.- Actas Actas de acuerdo. acuerdo. Se aprecia la intervención intervención de los 04 agentes agentes involucrados: El Esta do con sus respectivos integrantes, integrantes, las las asociaciones asociaciones y comunidades comunidades que vienen a ser el actor más relevante relevante por ser protagónico del tema (productores beneficiarios), los profesionales y los Organismos No Gubern Gubername ament ntale aless – ONG. ONG. Se ha recogido recogido el clamor clamor de los agricultores agricultores y de de las autoridades, autoridades, funcionarios, funcionarios, y profesionales, sobre el potencial de los suelos con aptitud forestal; por tanto responde a las expectativas de la colectividad y prioridad regional de potenciar la actividad forestal por ser de gran interés a nivel nivel local, nacional nacional y mundial. mundial. Los productores, están dispuestos a participar activamente en el desarrollo de este proyecto y respaldarán en forma efectiva aportando la mano de obra no calificada, participación activa en todos los procesos d e capacitación, adiestramiento y actividades inmersos en el proyecto. El Gobierno Gobierno Regional Regional Ayacucho Ayacucho y los Gobiernos Gobiernos Locales, priorizaron priorizaron en el Presupu Presupu esto Participativo Participativo para el 2012 su financia financiamiento miento para la ejecución ejecución y respaldan la solicitud de los productores, poniendo a disposición los viveros municipales, aporte de recursos materiales, transporte de insumos, habilitación y construcción de carreteras, del mismo modo las instituciones públicas, privadas y ONG´s que despliegan actividades en el incr increm emen ento to de prod produc ucci ción ón de Pino Pino y Euca Eucalilipt ptoo disp dispon ondr drán án mayor mayor dedi dedica caci ción ón a su accionar con los viveros para así incrementar la producción forestal asociando al mismo tiempo tras actividades, permita garantizar las fuentes de combustible,
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
El alcal alcalde de Distrita Distritall y la la autorida autoridadd provincia provinciall quie quienn respal respalda da el pedi pedido do de los campesinos campesinos e ince incent ntiv ivar ar la la acti activi vida dadd fore forest stal al en el el Dist Distri rito toss de Sant Santia iago go de de Pisc Pischa, ha, sus sus resp respec ectitiva vass comunidades comunidades que principalm principalmente ente hay producción producción de árboles árboles forestales forestales y es la principal principal actividad actividad económica, económica, fuente de trabajo trabajo e ingreso ingreso para para estos estos pobladore pobladore s y así ellos se se insertaran en el mercado regional y nacional.
GREMIOS INVOLUCRADOS
POSIBLES DIFICULTADES PARA TRABAJAR CON ELLOS
¿DE QUE PODRIAMOS HACER USO’
Desconocimiento Desconocimiento del manejo Mejorar las tecnologías de forestal, bajos rendimientos producción forestal a bajo de madera, debilidad en los costo, marketing. procesos de comercialización.
Bajo nivel educacional, desinterés y desconocimiento sobre especies exóticas y nativas de plantas plantas forestales y su importancia económica..
Familias campesinas y productores individuales que se dedican a la actividad agropecuaria.
Desconocimiento de prácti prácticas cas agríc agrícola olas s de las las especies especies forestale forestales s para la mejora de su situación económica.
Aprendizaje de tecnologías modernas y su adaptación a su realidad.
Madres campesinas que se dedican a la actividad agropecuaria, que en gran proporción es el sustento económico de sus hogares. Los productores ubicados en zonas con aptitud forestal.
Mujeres no involucradas en la actividad productiva forestal y requieren de fuentes de energía como combustible.
Interés en la generación de microclimas y la obtención de fuentes fuentes de O2, agua y leña. leña.
Desinterés en la producción forestal, poca capacidad organizativa, bajo nivel educacional desconocimiento de la importancia de los árboles Nivel educativo bajo, desconocimiento de la importancia de la producción forestal.
Impulsar su organización, gestión empresarial, y comunal, realizar acciones informativas de interés en la producción forestal, capacitación e innovación de la tecnológica. Propiciar el interés en la producción forestal como fuente de energía y agua.
Tiene problemas de formar barreras naturales, para proteger sus cultivos.
Posibilidades de transformar en madera y derivados.
Necesidad de recuperar e insertar la producción de madera a nivel regional y nacional.
Dificultades en la consolidación de las plantas.
GRUPO PARTICIPAN TE
¿QUIÉNES Y COMO SON?
BENEFICIARIOS DIRECTOS ORGANIZADOS.
Asociación de Productores y comunidades campesinas que se dedican a la actividad agropecuaria.
BENEFICIARIOS DIRECTOS NO ORGANIZADOS
MUJERES BENEFICIARIAS DEL PROYECTO
BENEFICIARIOS INDIRECTOS
AFECTADOS NEGATIVAMENTE
Intermediarios Intermediarios y Comerciantes de rollizos de eucalipto.
PROBLEMAS Y NECESIDADES
EXPECTATIVAS EXPECTATIVAS E INTERESES
Desinterés en la producción forestal bajo nivel educacional y organizativo. Falta de interés en la producción y comercialización de árboles madereros.
Involucrar su interés en la producción forestal transformación en madera y leña.
Ampliar la cobertura vegetal con árboles forestales. Utilizar sus estrategias de comercialización de productos forestales en los mercados nacionales.
a. Los Centr Centros os pob poblad lados os.. Se denomina así a cada una de las organizaciones organizaciones comunales comunales que que viven en el área área de
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
particip participació aciónn vecin vecinal al en los asuntos asuntos público públicoss y proyecto proyectos, s, siendo siendo los elemento elementoss esenciales del gobierno local, el territo las aut autoorida ridade dess y la población territorio rio ordenad ordenado o , las Conforme señala la Ley Orgánica Orgánica de Municipalid Municipalidades, ades, Ley Nº 27972, 27972, que organizada . Conforme los gobiernos locales representan al vecindario, promueven la adecuada prestación de los servicios servicios públicos públicos locales y el desarrollo desarrollo integral, integral, sostenible sostenible y armónico armónico de su circunscripción, para viabilizar el crecimiento económico, la justicia social y la sostenib sostenibilid ilidad ad ambienta ambiental.l. La municipali municipalidad dad represe representad ntadoo por su Alcalde Alcalde manifest manifestóó el interés interés de brindar brindar apoyo apoyo durant durantee la ejecuci ejecución ón del presen presente te proyec proyecto to y dar apoyo apoyo y facilidades facilidades con los ambientes ambientes de la municipalida municipalidadd para realizar realizar reuniones, reuniones, eventos eventos de capacitación. d. Inst Instit ituc ucio ione nes. s. Entre las instituciones que tienen mayor incidencia en la actividad forestal, sólo existen dos, pertenecientes pertenecientes al Ministerio de Agricultura. Agricultura . Una de las institucion instituciones es directamente directamente involucrad involucradaa en la actividad actividad forestal forestal es el Agro Rural (ex Programa Programa Nacional Nacional de Manejo de Cuencas Cuencas Hidrográficas Hidrográficas PRONAMACHCS PRONAMACHCS ). en la Región está representada por la Gerencia Departamental Ayacucho y sus órganos descentralizados que son las Agencias Zonales en cada una de las Provincias. Dentro de la propuesta programática que desarrolla esta Agencia Zonal, está la: producción producción de plantones plantones forestale forestaless en viveros viveros de ellos y comunales; comunales; establecimient establecimientoo de plantaciones forestales y agroforestales. Estas actividades desarrollan bajo un enfoque participativo, cuyos protagonistas son los beneficiarios directos que vienen a ser las familias familias campesi campesinas nas de la zona zona y de cada dist distrito rito.. Uno de los princ principa ipales les intere intereses ses de esta institución es el de articular esfuerzos institucionales en el proceso de ejecución del proyecto, a fin de que, los avances que se tien tien e en materia de reforestación sana complementados optimizando recursos logísticos, financieros y humanos con las que se cuentan. 1.4 1.4 Marco arco de refer eferen enci ciaa 1.4. 1.4.11
Antec nteced eden ente tess del del proy proyec ecto to
a. Cont Contex exto to nac nacio iona nall El Perú es uno de los pocos países de América Latina que no ha desarrollado plantaciones forestales eficientes y competitivas. Debido a esto el Gobierno Peruano declaró de interés nacional la reforestación como actividad prioritaria en todo el territorio
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
de producción de plantones forestales tanto de especies exóticas y nativas producidas en viveros comunales; comunales; establecimiento establecimiento de plantaciones plantaciones forestales en maci zo y en sistemas agroforestales, agroforestales, pero en pequeñas proporciones, proporciones, que no llegan a cubrir la necesid ad total de la población. Las mismas que son ejecutadas con la participación organizada de las organizaciones comunales (comités conservacionistas) en su calidad de beneficiarios directos. Por lo que hay recurso humano con experiencia en la producción y plantaciones forestales en la zona del proyecto. La municipalidad distrital en su condición de gobierno local y entidad básica de la organización territorial del Estado, es el canal inmediato de participación vecinal en los asuntos públicos que institucionalizan y gestionan con autonomía los intereses propios de su jurisdicción, jurisdicción, es parte del del interés general general en ejecutar ejecutar un proyecto proyecto Forestal. Forestal. El proyecto tiene como objetivo “Incremento “Incremento de la producción producción forestal forestal en en el ámbito ámbito del del dist distri rito to de Sant Santia iago go de Pisch Pischa” a” para lo cual cual se instala instalaran ran viveros viveros de producci producción ón de plantones, establecimiento de plantaciones en macizo y el mantenimiento correspondiente. Obteniéndose los beneficios a partir de los 10 años del establecimiento por la cosecha de los productos productos y subpr subpr oductos de los los futuros futuros bosques bosques forestales, forestales, asimismo asimismo los los bosque bosquess proporci proporciona onarán rán los servic servicios ios ambie ambienta ntales les en en benefic beneficio io de la humanidad de generaciones actuales y futuras. Es por por est esto, o, la Mun Munic icip ipal alid idad ad Dist Distri rita tall de Santi Santiag agoo de de Pisc Pischa, ha, vien vienee impul impulsa sand ndoo las las accione accioness y coordinac coordinacion iones es necesar necesarias ias para para el desarro desarrollo llo de plan plantaci tacione oness forestal forestales es y se ha priorizado en la comunidades comunidades alto andinas con especies de pino y eucalipto. eucalipto. Compatib Compatibilid ilidad ad del proyec proyecto to con los los lineami lineamient entos os del sector sector El presente proyecto proyecto se enmarca dentro dentro de la política forestal forestal nacional, la cual promueve promueve la conservación del medio ambiente a través del aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos naturales, el proyecto se enmarca dentro de los objetivos estratégicos del Plan
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Compatibilidad Compatibilidad con con el Marco Legal Vigente Vigente
Ley Nº 27293 que crea el Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública. El Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública tiene como finalidad la optimización del uso de los recursos públicos destinados a la inversión, y es de aplicación obligatoria por todas las entidades y empresas del sector público no financiero, que ejecuten proyectos de inversión pública, incluyendo a los gobiernos regionales y locales de conformidad con la Ley Ley de Bases Bases de la la descen descentral traliza ización ción,, Ley Ley Nº 27783. 27783. Que por Ley Nº 27308 se aprobó la Ley Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre, cuyo objeto es normar, regular y supervisar el uso sostenible y la conservación de los recursos forestales y de fauna silvestre del país; A partir del año 2000, con Ley Nº 27308 se da un giro importante de política, dicha Ley en su Artículo 4º, indica que el Ministerio de Agricultura aprueba el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Forestal, en el que se establecen las prioridades, programas operativos y proyectos a ser implementados implementados,, y el Plan Nacional de Reforestación Reforestación.. Asimismo, el Reglamento de Ley, aprobado con Decreto Supremo Nº 014 -2001-AG de 6 de abril de 2001, en su Artículo 22º, dice: “El Plan Nacional de Reforestación es el documento de planificación y gestión que orienta el desarrollo de las actividades de forestación y reforestación en todas sus modalidades, para la formación y recuperación de cobertura vegetal, con fines de producción y/o protección”. El Decreto Supremo Supremo Nº 031-2004-AG de fecha 17 de agosto agosto de 2004, que que aprueba la estr estrat ateg egia ia naci nacion onal al fore forest stal al - ENF, ENF, Per Perúú 20022002-20 2021 21.. Entr Entree los los Prog Progra rama mass y Subprogramas propuestos en ENF, la zonificación forestal y calidad de sitio son relevantes relevantes en el proceso proceso de ordenamiento ordenamiento territorial territorial y valoración valoración forestal. forestal. El Decreto Supremo Nº 003-2005-AG de 12 de enero de 2005, declara de interés
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Los Limites del Distrito son como sigue: Por el Norte: Por el Sur: Por el Este: Por el Oeste:
Con Huancavelica, comunidad de Antaparco y Chincho. Con los distritos de Vinchos y san José de Ticllas. Con el distrito de San José de Ticllas. Con el Río Cachi Cachi y la provincia provincia de de Angaraes Angaraes – Huancavelica. Huancavelica.
El distr distrito ito Santia Santiago go de de Pisch Pischaa tiene tiene una una área área de 8,239 8,239 .29 Has. De acuerdo de los
estudios elaborados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Y de acuerdo a los informes alcanzados por las Autoridades y delegados comunales en los Talleres realizados con este fin del presente Proyecto se ha determinado una extensión total tota l distrital de 11,937.18 Has. Has.
GEOMORFOLOGÍA: De acuerdo a la clasificación del Dr. Javier Vidal, cuenta con dos zonas de vida natural definido: QUECHUA.- Desde los 2,150 m.s.n.m hasta los 3, 250 m.s.n.m con climas desde cálidos al templado y frígido, frígido, caracterizado caracterizado por una franja angosta a orillas orillas de río Cachi y laderas de pendientes elevadas y muy pocas llanuras y praderas, tierras de producción producción mayormente mayormente secano, con pequeñas pequeñas áreas bajo riego a las orillas orillas del río Cachi con los principales principales cultivos cultivos de maíz, trigo, cebada, cebada, papa, papa, habas, arveja, arveja, frijol, quinua, linaza, pallares y frutales como el durazno, pacae, naranja, limón, chirimoyo y
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Identificac Identi ficación ión
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
2.1 Diag Diagnós nóstic tico o de la situ situac ación ión actua actuall 2.1. 2.1.11 Antec nteced eden ente tess de la situ situac ació ión n que que moti motiva va el el proy proyec ecto to a. Antec Antecede edente ntess gen gener erale aless El Perú cuenta con 10 millones de hectáreas de tierras aptas para la instalación de plantaciones forestales, de las cuales 7.5 millones se ubican en la Sierra, 2.5 millones en la Selva Selva y 0.5 millones en en la Costa. Las plantacion plantaciones es forestales forestales instaladas instaladas hasta hasta el el año 2001, ascienden a 726.304 Has, de las cuales más del 50% se encuentran en 6 regiones, que en orden de importancia son: Cusco, Cajamarca, Ancash, Junín, Apurímac y Ayacucho . No obstante, no existe información que permita determinar qué porcentaje de estas plantaciones alcanzó su fase de consolidación 1.
Estudios recientes recientes señalan que en la Sierra Sierra y en la Costa existen una supe rficie aprovechab aprovechable le de 100.567 100.567 Has de eucalipto eucalipto (mayor (mayorm m ente Eucalyptus globulus ) y 14.721 14.721 Has de pino pinoss (Pinus radiata , P. patula , P. seudostrobus , P. greggi, entre otros ); ); estas plantaciones tienen un volumen aprovechable de 8.760.961 m³ y 1.776.989 m³ respectivamente respectivamente (la producción producción nacional actual es de 586.8 82 m³ de eucalipto y 14.315 m³ de pino). Las regiones que tienen mayor producción
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
mejora de la disponibilidad energética (leña y carbón, principalmente); madera para la construcción de viviendas; conservación y mejora las condiciones ambientales; entre otros. En todos los procesos del desarrollo, el Estado es uno de los principales actores responsable de liderar en todos los sectores productivos del país, por lo tanto, en el caso específico del manejo de los recursos naturales es el de brindar las condiciones necesarias necesarias para el buen manejo, conservación conservación de éstos éstos y del medio ambiente ambiente para las generaciones presentes y futuras; para lo cual es su competencia implementar adecuadamente adecuadamente la normatividad, normatividad, apoyar apoyar con la gestión del del financiamiento financiamiento,, asesoramiento asesoramiento y asistencia directa; este rol tiene mayor prioridad para zonas con población de pobreza y extrema pobreza, postergada por la centralización en su respetivo nivel de división política, sin embrago la presencia del Estado en las localidades alejadas es limitada, requiere de un fortalecimiento institucional, la ejecución del proyecto contribuye a mejorar esta situación. Por tanto, este rol, tiene urgente necesidad de cambio, para que los pobladores sean los propios actores de su destino y de su desarrollo, en iguales condiciones condiciones y oportunidad oportunidades; es; fomentando fomentando la conciencia conciencia nacional nacional sobre el manejo manejo
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
para lograr lograr el desarrollo desarrollo sostenido sostenido de sus pueblos pueblos en el ámbito del del distrito, distrito, además en el el mediano a largo plazo es posible lograr lograr la producción forestal a gra n escala que permita generar ingresos económicos que contribuya significativamente a elevar el nivel de vida de la la poblac población ión benefic beneficiari iaria, a, ademá ademáss es fuente fuente de de ocupa ocupación ción e ingreso ingreso económi económico co de las las futuras futuras genera generacion ciones. es. Dentro Dentro de los los interese interesess más inmediat inmediatos os están: están: la mejora mejora de de la disponibilidad energética (leña y carbón, principalmente); madera para la construcción de viviendas; conservación y mejora las condiciones ambientales; entre otros. Asimismo las estadísticas estadísticas proporcionadas proporcionadas por el INRENA sobre área s deforestadas, deforestadas, en el 2000, indican un incremento en la tasa de deforestación a nivel nacional llegando a una superficie de 7,3 millones millones de hectárea hectárea s, como consecuencia consecuencia de ello ello ocurre los efectos efectos globales globales tales como: Elevación Elevación de Tº promedio, promedio, aumento de la desertificación desertificación y pérdida pérdida de la biodiversidad, incremento de la pobreza para los más pobres, aparición de enfermedades y reducción de la capacidad agrícola y eventos climáticos más extremos como: inundaciones, inundaciones, lluvias intensas, intensas, heladas, heladas, huaycos huaycos y desli zamientos.
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
necesarias para el buen manejo, conservación de éstos y del medio ambiente para las generaciones presentes y futuras; para lo cual es su competencia implementar adecuadamente la normatividad, apoyar con la gestión del financiamiento, asesoramiento y asistencia directa; este rol tiene mayor prioridad para zonas con población de pobreza y extrema pobreza, postergada por la centralización en su respetivo nivel de división política. Por tanto, tanto, este rol, rol, tiene urgente urgente necesidad necesidad de cambio, cambio, para que que los poblador poblador es sean los propios actores de su destino y de su desarrollo, en iguales condiciones y oportunidades; fomentando la conciencia nacional sobre el manejo responsable de las cuencas, bosques y fauna silvestre y realiza acciones de prevención y recuperación ambiental. 2.1.2 2.1.2.. Zonas Zonas y poblac poblacione ioness identi identific ficad adas as a. Características de la zona De acue acuerdo rdo al al diagn diagnóst óstico ico efe efectu ctuado ado en en el ámbi ámbito to del del proye proyecto cto,, se ha iden identitific ficad adoo las las siguientes siguientes caracterí características sticas geográficas: geográficas:
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
representa el 57.3 % de la superficie territorial y la Vertiente del Pacífico 1’858,867.014 1’858,867.014 Km2 que equivale equivale el l 42.7% de la superficie territorial territorial .
es de
CUENCAS CUENCAS HIDROGRAFICAS DEL DISTRITO DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA . Cuenta con con 39 manantiales manantiales ubicados ubicados en diferen diferentes tes comunidades comunidades a excepción excepción de Molinos, que en promedio ofertan hasta un litro por segundo de caudal, utilizados principalmente para uso doméstico. Cuatro riachuelo s que ofertan hasta cinco litros por segundo de caudal utilizados para el riego de pequeñas parcelas de hortalizas y pastos para animales menores (cuy) muy escaso para animales vacunos.
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Estas características fisiográficas y climáticas son condiciones que les permite a la región Ayacucho un potencial sin comparación. Tenencia de Tierras CUADR CUADRO O Nº 2.02. 2.02.-- FORMA FORMA DE TEN TENEN ENCIA CIA DE DE TIERRA TIERRAS S Y CLASIF CLASIFICA ICACIO CION N POR SU CAPACIDAD DE USO MAYOR Y SU USO ACTUAL CL ASES DE TIERR AS
USO MAYOR (Has.)
US O (Has.)
Total tierras distrito Santiago de Pischa
11,937.18 5,977.83 4,687.33 772.00 580.00
8,239.29 2,279.94 1,356.50 385.94 235.50
Tierras cultivables Cultivo en secano Cultivo bajo riego Tierras en descanso
ACTUAL
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
TOTAL
25
154
376
565
274
234
FUENTE: Diagnóstico comunal
Ubicación Ubicación zonas zonas del del Proyecto Proyecto dentro de la provin provincia cia Huamanga Huamanga – Ayacucho Ayacucho
1628
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Poblac Población ión Económi Económicam camente ente Activ Activaa – PEA.PEA.En el siguiente cuadro se ilustra la PEA de Ayacucho por provincias, denotando que el 52 % de la población económica corresponde a la actividad de EXTRACCION, en donde está incorporado el sector agrario en mayor porcentaje.
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Fuente: Elaboración propia Actualmente Actualmente a nivel distrital la superficie de terreno con aptitud aptitud for estal, es mas de 3,697.89Has, área con aptitud forestal como se observa en el cuadro la que se atenderán con el proyecto proyecto solamente 840 Has. Teniendo Teniendo la posibilidad posibilidad de ampliar a las áreas con aptitud forestal De acuerdo acuerdo al diagnóstico diagnósticorealizad realizadoo se ha considerado como población población directamente directamente
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Temporalidad: En cuanto cuanto se refier refieree a la escasez escasez de de la leña, leña, carbón carbón , madera madera y la falta falta de cober cobertur turaa vegetal, viene viene de muchos muchos años atrás, atrás, asimismo cabe indicar indicar que la degradació degradació n de los bosques naturales en los últimos años se ha venido incrementando significativamente, esta se debe al al aumento aumento de la población población que vienen haciendo uso inadecuado inadecuado de los
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Intereses Intereses de los grupos grupos involucr involucrados ados en en el ámbito del Distrito Distrito de Santiago Santiago de Pischa
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3.8
286969.20 286969.20 286969.20 286969.20 286969.20 286969.20 286969.20 286969.20 286969.20 286969.20 286969.20
642822.60 642822.60 642822.60 642822.60 642822.60 642822.60 642822.60 642822.60 642822.60 642822.60 642822.60
929791.80 929791.80 929791.80 929791.80 929791.80 929791.80 929791.80 929791.80 929791.80 929791. 80 929791.80
BENEFICIO DEL PR PROYECTO
3.9.1 Rendimiento de la Producción de Madera Rendimiento de Madera Sin Proyecto A ÑO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
PLANTA/Ha, M3/PLANTA PLANTA/Ha OBTE OBTEMI MIZA ZADO DO M3/ M3/Ha 0.00 1111.00 1111.00 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 1111.00 1055.45
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
En la situación sin proyecto proyecto los rendimiento rendimiento s son mínimos por lo l o que no se tuvo en cuenta. .b) Con Con Pr Proyec oyecto to.-
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
A ÑO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
PLANTA/Ha, M3/PLANTA PLANTA/Ha OBTE OBTEMI MIZA ZADO DO M3/H M3/Haa 0.00 1111.00 1111.00 0.00 0.00 1111.00 999.90 0.00 0.00 1111.00 999.90 0.00 0.00 1111.00 999.90 0.00 0.00 1111.00 999.90 0.00 0.133 1111.00 999.90 132.99 0.133 1111.00 999.90 132.99 0.133 1111.00 999.90 132.99 0.133 1111.00 999.90 132.99 0.154 1111.00 999.90 153.98 0.154 1111.00 999.90 153.98 0.154 1111.00 999.90 153.98 0.154 1111.00 999.90 153.98 0.154 1111.00 999.90 153.98 0.154 1111.00 999.90 153.98 0.154 1111.00 999.90 153.98 0.196 1111.00 999.90 195.98 0.196 1111.00 999.90 195.98 0.196 1111.00 999.90 195.98 0.196 1111.00 999.90 195.98 0.196 1111.00 999.90 195.98
A partir del año 08 el rendimiento promedio por planta es de 0.13 M3 y del 15 avo año es 0.17 M3/Planta, la densidad promedio es de 1111 plantas por Ha y una producción anual de 186 M3 de de madera por por Ha. El incremento incremento de la la productividad productividad es debido debido a la prestación de asistencia técnica y capacitación. En esta valorización se incluye los ingresos que generarían generarían el proyecto proyecto con el secuestro secuestro de CO2, la venta de de leña, leña, las ramas y todo cuanto producto producto se deriva del árbol, árbol, ya sea de eucalipto eucalipto o pino.
A ÑO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
M3/PLANTA PLANTA/Ha 0.00 1111.00 0.00 1111.00 0.00 1111.00 0.00 1111.00 0.00 1111.00 0.13 1111.00 0.13 1111.00 0.13 1111.00 0.13 1111.00 0.15 1111.00
PLANTA/Ha, PROD.FINAL NAL M3/Ha 1111.00 0.00 999.90 0.00 999.90 0.00 999.90 0.00 999.90 0.00 999.90 132.99 999.90 132.99 999.90 132.99 999.90 132.99 999.90 153.98
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
17 18 19 20
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
1111.00 1111.00 1111.00 1111 .00
999.90 999.90 999.90 999.90
195.98 195.98 195.98 195.98
Son nuevas plantaciones forestales a partir del año 04 empieza la producción, de CO2, creación de microclimas que no se pueden cuantificar porque el beneficio es social. b.3.- Con Instalación Instalación en curvas curvas de nivel nivel con zanjas zanjas de infiltra infiltra ción A ÑO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
PLANTA/Ha, M3/PLANTA PLANTA/Ha OBTE OBTEMI MIZA ZADO DO M3/H M3/Haa 0.00 1111.00 1111.00 0.00 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 0.00 1111.00 1055.45 0.00 0.13 1111.00 1055.45 140.37 0.13 1111.00 1055.45 140.37 0.13 1111.00 1055.45 140.37 0.13 1111.00 1055.45 140.37 0.15 1111.00 1055.45 162.54 0.15 1111.00 1055.45 162.54 0.15 1111.00 1055.45 162.54 0.15 1111.00 1055.45 162.54 0.15 1111.00 1055.45 162.54 0.15 1111.00 1055.45 162.54 0.15 1111.00 1055.45 162.54 0.20 1111.00 1055.45 206.87 0.20 1111.00 1055.45 206.87 0.20 1111.00 1055.45 206.87 0.20 1111.00 1055.45 206.87 0.20 1111.00 1055.45 206.87
En esta alternativa alternativa se propone mas en lugares con pendien tes cuyos suelos no son tan profundos, profundos, pero pero que con con la ayuda ayuda de las las zanjas podría podría prosperar, prosperar, sin embargo embargo los beneficios son similares aunque tardan en cuanto al crecimiento y desarrollo las plantas. 3.9. 3.9.22 Prec Precio io de Vent Venta.a.El precio de venta de la madera, m ateria del presente proyecto, es un promedio ponderado, ponderado, en la que se considera considera S/.50 S/.50 nuevos nuevos soles soles por M3. M3. Siendo Siendo la más cara el de pino, además se considera los ingresos por concepto de canon forestal y beneficios como la conservación del suelo, la biodi versidad y el medio ambiente.
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
En los los sigui siguient entes es cuadros cuadros se tiene tiene el VBP de de pino pino a nivel nivel de Sin Sin Proye Proyecto cto y Con Proyecto para la primera y segunda alternativa respectivamente.. CUADRO N° 3.18 VALOR BRUTO BRUT O DE LA L A PRODUCCION SIN PROYECTO A ÑO
M3/Ha 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Has
m3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
S/ x m3
V B P (S / . ) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
VBP – CON ASIST ASISTENC ENCIA IA TECN TECNICA ICA A ÑO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
M3/Ha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 132.99 132.99 132.99 132.99 153.98 153.98
Has 20 2 02.00 20 2 02.00 20 2 02.00 20 2 02.00 20 2 02.00 202.00 202.00 202.00 202.00 202.00 202.00
m3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26863.31 26863.31 26863.31 26863.31 31104.89 31104.89
S/ x m3 V B P (S / . ) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 1343165.67 50.00 1343165.67 50.00 1343165.67 50.00 1343165.67 50.00 1555244.46 50.00 1555244.46
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
18 19 20
195.98 202.00 39588.04 195.98 202.00 39588.04 195.98 202.00 39588.04
50.00 50.00 50.00
1979402.04 1979402.04 1979402.04
VBP – CON INSTALA INSTALACION CION EN TRESBOLILLO TRESBOLILLO A ÑO
M3/Ha
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 132.99 132.99 132.99 132.99 153.98 153.98 153.98 153.98 153.98 153.98 153.98 195.98 195.98 195.98 195.98 195.98
Has 40.00 44 4 40.00 84 8 40.00 84 8 40.00 84 8 40.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00
m3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 111708.83 111708.83 111708.83 111708.83 129347.06 129347.06 129347.06 129347.06 129347.06 129347.06 129347.06 164623.54 164623.54 164623.54 164623.54 164623.54
S/ x m3 VBP (S/.) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 5585441.40 50.00 5585441.40 50.00 5585441.40 50.00 5585441.40 50.00 6467353.20 50.00 6467353.20 50.00 6467353.20 50.00 6467353.20 50.00 6467353.20 50.00 6467353.20 50.00 6467353.20 50.00 8231176.80 50.00 8231176.80 50.00 8231176.80 50.00 8231176.80 50.00 8231176.80
VBP – CON INSTALA INSTALACION CION EN EN CURVAS CURVAS A NIVEL A ÑO
M3/Ha 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 140.37 140.37 140.37 140 37
Has
m3
40.00 44 4 40.00 84 8 40.00 84 8 40.00 84 8 40.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840 00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 117914.87 117914.87 117914.87 117914 87
S/ x m3 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50 00
VBP (S/.) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5895743.70 5895743.70 5895743.70 5895743 70
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
15 16 17 18 19 20
162.54 206.87 206.87 206.87 206.87 206.87
840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00 840.00
136533.01 173769.29 173769.29 173769.29 173769.29 173769.29
50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
6826650.60 8688464.40 8688464.40 8688464.40 8688464.40 8688464.40
La variación de VBP anual por cada opción, obedece a la variación de los rendimientos, siendo la instalación en macizo tiene mayor rendimiento por tanto un mayor ingreso por la venta del producto producto.. 3.9.4 3.9.4 Valor Valor Bruto Bruto de la Produc Producción ción Increme Incremental ntal CUADRO N° 3.19 VALOR BRUTO DE LA PRODUCCION PRODUCCIO N INCREMENTAL INCREMEN TAL
PRIMERA ALTERNATIVA
AÑO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
VBP DE MADERA CON PROY. ASISTENCIA Tecn. TREBOLILLO TOTAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1343165.67 5585441.40 6928607.07 1343165.67 5585441.40 6928607.07 1343165.67 5585441.40 6928607.07 1343165.67 5585441.40 6928607.07 1555244.46 6467353.20 8022597.66 1555244.46 6467353.20 8022597.66 1555244.46 6467353.20 8022597.66 155524 4.46 6467353.20 8022597.66 1555244.46 6467353.20 8022597.66 1555244.46 6467353.20 8022597.66
VBP MADER DERA VBI (S/.) SIN P R O Y. I N C R E M E N T AL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6928607.07 0.00 6928607.07 0.00 6928607.07 0.00 6928607.07 0.00 8022597.66 0.00 8022597.66 0.00 8022597.66 0.00 8022597.66 0.00 8022597.66 0.00 8022597.66
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
AÑO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
VBP DE MADERA CON PROY. ASISTENCIA EN CURVA A Tecn. NIVEL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1343165.67 5895743.70 1343165.67 5895743.70 1343165.67 5895743.70 1343165.67 5895743.70 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1979402.04 8688464.40 1979402.04 8688464.40 1979402.04 8688464.40 1979402.04 8688464.40 1979402.04 8688464.40
VBP M AD ER A TOTAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7238909.37 7238909.37 7238909.37 7238909.37 8381895.06 8381895.06 8381895.06 8381895.06 8381895.06 8381895.06 8381895.06 10667866.44 10667866.44 10667866.44 10667866.44 10667866.44
V B I ( S /.)
SIN PROY. INCREMENTAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1343165.67 5895743.70 1343165.67 5895743.70 1343165.67 5895743.70 1343165.67 5895743.70 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1555244.46 6826650.60 1979402.04 8688464.40 1979402.04 8688464.40 1979402.04 8688464.40 1979402.04 8688464.40 1979402.04 8688464.40
3.9.5 3.9.5 Valor Valor Neto Neto de la Produ Producc cción ión Incr Increm emen ental tal - VNP VNP .Cabe aclarar, los los COSTOS de PRODUCCION, PRODUCCION, están expresadas expresadas en el rubro de Costos Costos de Operación y Mantenimiento, por tratarse cultivos permanentes, en este tipo de cultivos no se aprecia directamente los costos de producción propiamente dicho. Por estas consideraciones, consideraciones, no es recom endable, endable, determinar el Valor Neto de la
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
3.10
FLUJO DE DE CA CAJA En el armado de flujo de caja se consideran dos rubros, el flujo de costos incrementales y flujo de beneficios incrementales. Los costos o egresos están compuestos por inversión, inversión, de mantenimiento mantenimiento y operación. operación.
3.10.1Flujo de Beneficios del Proyecto. Corresp Correspond ondee al Valor Valor Bruto Bruto de la Produ Producció cciónn Incremen Incremental tal – VBPI, VBPI, Los result resultado adoss de los los importes se detallan en el Cuadro N° 3.18 para la Alternativa 01 y 02. 3.10.2 3.10.2 Flujo Flujo de Costos del del Proyecto Proyecto..Para el rubro de INVERSIONES del presente proyecto, el flujo de gastos está en función al calendario de inversiones de año 00 00 al 02, es decir para 03 años de ejecución. ejecución. Los resultados resultados de Costos de Inversión Inversión Incrementa Incrementall se detalla detallann en los Cuadros N° 3.08 y 3.09 a precios privados y Cuadros N° 3.10 y 3.11 a precios sociales, para la alternativa I y II respectivamente. En el rubro de Operación y Mantenimiento del del proyecto, tenemos tenemos también flujo de costos costos incre increment mentale ales, s, Los resultad resultados os de costo costoss increme incrementa ntales les de mante mantenimie nimiento nto se observan en el Cuadro Nº 3.12 a precios de mercado y en el Cuadro Nº 3.13 a precio social. De igual forma para costos de operación en el Cuadro Nº 3.15 a precios de mercado y en el Cuadro Nº 3.16 3.16 a precios so ciales. 3.10.3 3.10.3 Factor Factor de Actuali Actualizaci zación ón (FA). (FA). Este factor sirve para traer los valores de costos y beneficios incrementales del flujo de caja, al valor actual, es decir al año “cero” y se consigue aplicando la siguiente fórmula: FA = 1 / (1 + TDN) n Donde.-
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
CUADR CUADRO O Nº 3.24 3.24 : FLUJ FLUJO O DE CAJA CAJA (Prec (Precio io de Merc Mercad ado) o) PRIMERA ALTERNATIVA INVERSION AÑO S/. 0 462,691.37 1 1,277,610.90 2 1,280,025.90 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
OPERACIÓN MANTENIM. S/. S/. 33,330.00 21,600.00 366,630.00 366,000.00 699,930.00 775,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,98 8,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00 1,988,490.00 847,200.00
EGRESO TOTAL 517,621.37 2,010,240.90 2,755,155.90 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00 2,835,690.00
BENFICIO VPI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,928,607.07 6,928,607.07 6,928,607.07 6,928,607.07 8,022,597.66 8,022,597.66 8,022,597.66 8,022,597.66 8,022,597.66 8,022,597.66 8,022,597.66 10,210,578.84 10,210,578.84 10,210,578.84 10,210,578.84 10,210,578.84 TSD VN A TIR B /C
Fuente.Fuente.- Elaboración Elaboración propia
SEGUNDA ALTERNATIVA INVERSION OPERACIÓN MANTENIM.
EGRESO
FLUJO NETO -517,621.37 -2,010,240.90 -2,755,155.90 -2,835,690.00 -2,835,690 .00 4,092,917.07 4,092,917.07 4,092,917.07 4,092,917.07 5,186,907.66 5,186,907.66 5,186,907.66 5,186,907.66 5,186,907.66 5,186,907.66 5,186,907.66 7,374,888.84 7,374,888.84 7,374,888.84 7,374,888.84 7,374,888.84 10 % S/. 16,949,872.78 27 % S/. 1.78
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
17 18 19 20
2,267,790.00 2,267,790.00 2,267,790.00 2,267,790.00
1,063,080.00 1,063,080.00 1,063,080.00 1,063,080.00
3,330,870.00 8,688,464.40 3,330,870.00 8,688,464.40 3,330,870.00 8,688,464.40 3,330,870.00 8,688,464.40 S/. S/. 25,374,994.04 32,866,961.51 TSD VN A TIR B /C
5,357,594.40 5,357,594.40 5,357,594.40 5,357,594.40 10% S/. 7,491,967.47 18% S/. 1.30
Fuente.Fuente.- Elaboración Elaboración propia
CUADRO N° 3.25 FLUJO DE CAJA A PRECIO SOCIAL PRIMERA ALTERNATIVA AÑO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
INVERSION OPERACIÓN MANTENIM. EGRESO S/. S/. S/. TOTAL BENFICIO VPI FLUJO NETO 462,691.37 13,665.20 12,840.00 489,196.57 0.00 -489,196.57 1,277,610.90 150,317.20 190,932.00 1,618,860.10 0.00 -1,618,860.10 1,280,025.90 286,969.20 369,024.00 1,936,019.10 0.00 -1,936,019.10 815,278.80 369,0 24.00 1,184,302.80 0.00 -1,184,302.80 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 0.00 -1,184,302.80 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 6,928,607.07 5,744,304.27 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 6,928,607.07 5,744,304.27 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 6,928,607.07 5,744,304.27 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 6,928,607.07 5,744,304.27 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 8,022,597.66 6,838,294.86 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 8,022,597.66 6,838,294.86 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 8,022,597.66 6,838,294.86 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 8,022,597.66 6,838,294.86 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 8,022,597.66 6,838,294.86 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 8,022,597.66 6,838,294.86 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 8,022,597.66 6,838,294.86 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 10,210,578.84 9,026,276.04 815,278.80 369,024.00 1,184,302.80 10,210,578.84 9,026,276.04 815 278 80 369 024 00 1 184 302 80 10 210 578 84 9 02 6 276 04
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
SEGUNDA ALTERNATIVA AÑ INVERSION OPERACIÓN MANTENIM. O S/. S/. S/. 0 485,691.37 13,665.20 17,054.80 1 1,507,610.90 150,317.20 237,294.80 2 1,510,025.90 286,969.20 457,534.80 3 929,791.80 457,534.80 4 929,791.80 457,534.80 5 929,791.80 457,534.80 6 929,791.80 457,534.80 7 929,791.80 457,534.80 8 929,791.80 457,534.80 9 929,791.80 457,534.80 10 929,791.80 457,534.80 11 929,791.80 457,534.80 12 929,791.80 457,534.80 13 929,791.80 457,534.80 14 929,791.80 457,534.80 15 929,791.80 457,534.80 16 929,791.80 457,534.80 17 929,791.80 457,534.80 18 929,791.80 457,534.80 19 929,791.80 457,534.80 20 929,791.80 457,534.80
EGRESO TOTAL 516,411.37 1,895,222.90 2,254,529.90 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326. 60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60 1,387,326.60
BENFICIO VPI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,895,743.70 5,895,743.70 5,895,743.70 5,895,743.70 6,826,650.60 6,826,650.60 6,826,650.60 6,826,650.60 6,826,650 .60 6,826,650.60 6,826,650.60 8,688,464.40 8,688,464.40 8,688,464.40 8,688,464.40 8,688,464.40
FLUJO NETO -516,411.37 -1,895,222.90 -2,254,529.90 -1,387,326.60 -1,387,326.60 4,508,417.10 4,508,417.10 4,508,417.10 4,508,417.10 5,439,32 4.00 5,439,324.00 5,439,324.00 5,439,324.00 5,439,324.00 5,439,324.00 5,439,324.00 7,301,137.80 7,301,137.80 7,301,137.80 7,301,137.80 7,301,137.80
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
Evaluación Evalu ación
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
IV
METODOLOGÍA DE EV EVALUACIÓN.La metodología que se emplea para la evaluación del presente proyecto es COSTO comparar los benefici beneficios os versus los los costos para poner poner en BENEFICIO, BENEFICIO , que consiste en comparar marcha el proyecto; además los beneficios generados son cuantificables en términos monetarios. Para la aplicación de esta metodología es fundamental la construcción de FLUJO DE CAJA y cuyos resultados se detallan en los Cuadros N° 3.18 y 3.190 para la primera y segunda alternativa a precio de mercado y precio social respectivamente
4. 2
INDICADORES ECO ECONÓMICOS.-
4.2. .2.1 Valor Ac Actua tual Neto – VAN El VAN es el valor actual de los benef icios netos que genera el proyecto durante toda su vida. Como un indicador que mide la rentabilidad del proyecto en términos monetarios permite determinar el incremento de la riqueza. Para ello los valores de Beneficio Neto obtenidos en Flujo de Caja se ha n actualizado para un horizonte de 20 años. CUADRO N° 4.01.- VAN TIPO DE EVALUACIÒN Evaluación Privada
TASA DESCUENT0 10%
ALTERNATA 01 16,949,872.78
ALTERNATA 02 7,491,967.47
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
de capital capital de 10%, y siendo siendo la ALTERNAT ALTERNATIVA IVA 01 con mayor mayor TIR TIR de 44 % (evalua (evaluado do con costos sociales), sociales) , por tanto tiene alta rentabilidad para el presente proyecto. 4.2.3. El Ratio Beneficio Beneficio / Costo (B/C) La Relación Relación Beneficio Beneficio - Costo Costo (B/C) actuali actualizado, zado, es un un indica indicador dor que relacio relaciona na el el valor valor actual de los beneficios beneficios con los del costo del proyecto. proyecto. CUADRO N° 4.03.- Relación Relación B/C TIPO DE TASA EVALUACION DESCUENTO E. Privada E. Social
10% 10 %
ALTERNAT. 01 01
ALTERNAT. 02 02
1.78 3.67
1.30 2.68
El resultado para la alternativa 1 es mayor que 1 mientras que para la alternativa 2 es mucho mayor que que 1, 1, siendo la primera primera la más rentable, rentable, indicando indicando que por cada cada unidad unidad invertida invertida te retribuye retribuye 3.77 nuevos soles de un nuevo sol. En el caso 2 se justifica que el costo de inversión es mayor pero sus ganancias se ve reflejada en términos de rentabilidad social como lo indica en ambos casos y esta es la razón para que intervenga el estado en este proyecto, debido a que el sector privado no encuentra rentabilidad rentabilidad económica. económica. 4.3
ANÁLI NÁLIS SIS DE SENSIBILIDAD DAD
Son factores de riesgo externo al proyecto, los cuales no pueden ser controlados por los ejecutores u operadores y afectan su normal funcionamiento a lo largo de la vida
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
De acuerdo a la comparación comparación la alternativa alternativa I es menos sensible que que la Alternativa II, II, por lo la alternativa alternativa I,I, soporta hasta 40% de disminución disminución en la la venta y la alternativa alternativa II, II, soporta una disminución en volumen de ventas hasta 20%, lo que significa que la alternativa II es mas sensible que la alternativa I. 4. 4
ANÁLISIS DE SO SOSTENIBI IBILIDAD
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
La Gerencia Gerencia de Recursos Recursos Naturales Naturales y Gestión Gestión del Me dio Ambiente del GRA, a través través de la la Dirección Dirección Regional Agraria – Ayacucho, Ayacucho, tiene tiene suficiente suficiente capacidad capacidad gerencial gerencial para operar con eficiencia en la etapa de Inversión, porque disponen del personal profesional profesional con experiencia experiencia en administración administración y ejecución ejecución de proyectos proyectos agrarios. Por otro lado, para asumir la etapa de Operación y Mantenimiento del proyecto, se organizan actualmente diferentes Asociaciones y comités de reforestación. Entre sus fines y objetivos de estas asociaciones asociaciones es el fomento de la forest ación y reforestación reforestación masiva en consecuencia la sostenibilidad del proyecto está totalmente garantizada. Por otro lado existe un gran interés de los gobiernos locales, provinciales y distritales beneficiarios beneficiarios del proyecto para el apoyo económico económico de la con trapartida, trapartida, disponibilidad disponibilidad de los viveros, etc. 4.4.3 Disponibilidad Disponibilidad de Recursos Recursos y su Potencialidad. Potencialidad. Es política del sector agricultura promover la reforestación, para ello se firmarán convenios convenios con instituciones instituciones de garantía, garantía, como FODEBOSQUE, INRENA, Et c. Para
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
3.- ¿Requerirá de un uso significativo significativo de fertilizantes o pesticidas su significancia dependerá del tipo de químicos, de los volúmenes/ Coeficientes de aplicación, de la experiencias de los usuarios?
X
4.- ¿Requerirá ¿Requerirá alojamiento, alojamiento, servicios servicios o tierras de cultivo para mantener mantener A los trabajadores agrícolas (por ejemplo, más de 100 trabajadores)?
X
5.- ¿Requerirá un incremento de la capacidad de procesamiento agrícola
X
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
13.-¿Requerirá medidas de mitigación que hagan que el proyecto sea Financiera o socialmente aceptable?
X
Análisis Análisis del impacto ambiental ambiental del proyecto proyecto seleccionado. seleccionado. Para la evaluación de los impactos que repercutirán sobre el ecosistema con la
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
No se generarán impactos contaminantes sobre el recurso suelo, con una mínima probabilidad de efectos erosivos en el periodo de la apertura de hoyos y plantación; pero que a medida que que las plantas van desa rrollándose rrollándose y alcancen alcancen ser brízales, este efecto será eliminado. Agua La calidad y cantidad de agua tendrán algunos impactos leves principalmente en el proceso de la instalación de las plantaciones por la apertura de hoyos que puedan generar una mínima proporción de deslizamiento de suelo sobre las fuentes hídricas existente en el entorno de las áreas a plantar. A partir de la consolidación de la biomasa forestal, tanto la calidad como la cantidad tendrán impactos positivos. Medio Biológico Los impactos que podrían generarse son principalmente sobre las variables biológicas: la flora y la fauna. Flora
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
El impacto inmediato que tendrá el proyecto sobre la economía de las familias campesinas será la generación de ingresos como producto del pago por la participación con la mano de obra no calificada en la ejecución de las diferentes actividades del proyecto. Caracterizac Caracterización ión del impacto ambiental ambiental
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
TIPO DE EVALUACION E. Privada E. Social
TASA DESCUENTO
ALTERNATIVA 01
ALTERNATIVA 02
10% 10 %
27 % 44%
18% 35%
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
MATRIZ DE MARCO LOGICO
OBJETIVOS
N
Contribuir a mejorar el nivel socioeconómico de los agricultores del
INDICADORES
Incremento de ingreso familiar de S/ 300.0 en el año 01 a S/ 2500al año 08
MEDIOS DE VERIFICACIÓN Compendio de INEI Estadística de
SUPUESTOS
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
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FORTALECIMIENTO DE CAPACIDADES CAPACIDADES EN LA FORESTACIÓN Y REFORESTACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE SANTIAGO SANTIAGO DE PISCHA, PISC HA, PROVIN PROVINCIA CIA HUAMAN HUAMANGA GA - AYA AYACUC CUCHO HO
5.1 Conc onclusi usione ones: Sobre la base del del diagnostico diagnostico se ha determinado determinado como problema problema central central del proyecto proyecto la “Baja “Baja producción producción forestal en el distrito distrito de Santiago Santiago de de Pischa”. Pischa”.
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Anexos Anexos
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