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,@lffe`}lsp dslo gff ltes }je `luk}sr gkm bg}e peobkgsp gkm mbp`uppflkp }jg} }je ld Qesplkkef `lkmu`}em ~ese pbnkbfdf`gk} }p+4 ]je }jek Obkbp}es ld Qesplkkef+ ~gp gk ek}jupbgp}b` lsngkbpes ld }jepe fgceffem gp peg/s`j dls sepqqkpfte }blk& }jepe peofkgsp mbm `gq}use }je ld }je lddf`bgfp+ Ploe Lqqlpb}flk fegmesp oee}fknp gp gk g}}eoq} cr Sghbt Ngkmjb P}g}e gkm Mbp}sb`} gmobkbp}sg}blk crqgppbkn qlfb}b`gf fegmespjbq+ #Dslo }je QO }l }je lu} }je @O# ~gp dsewuek}fr jegsm ~jb`j puoogsbpem pu`j seg`}blkp+ `sb}f`bpo ~gp qsloq}em cr `lkpbmesg}flkp ls gknes g} ~jg} peeoem }l ce meffcesg}e ploe @jbed Obkbp}esp& SgHbt Ngkmjb ~lsipjlqp gkm peskbkgsp gp fegskbkn Jbp cefbed }jg} me`ek}sgfbpg}blk me`ek}sgfbpg}blk ld ql~es }l }je mbp}sbm}p gkm }je fetefp eppek}fgf qgs} ld }je meteflqoek} qsl`epp Me`ek}sgfbpg}flk ~gp peek kl} lkft gp }l ekfgsne }je dukkef&ld seqsepek}g}blk `luk}es #qlTes csliesp# cu} gfpc gp ~gr ld `jgkkefbkn qucff` seplud`ep }l meteflqoek} qslnsgooep+ B} ~g- gfpl }l gmmsepp }je pjls}`lofknp ld }je sgf ezqesbek`e& ~jb`j obnj} l}jes~bpe ce medfe`} du}use `jgknep+ ]je `lk`eq} Qfgkkbsn& ~jg}etes b}p fbskb}g}blkp& p}slknfr SgHbt Ngkmjb+ def} }jg} je `lufm kl} seft ek}bdeft lk og`jbkesr gflke ls jbp l~k qgs}r
Me`ek}sgfbpg}blk/Qgp} l}}m Qsepek} Edls}p
fegmespjbq+ ^b}jbk jfp l~k nlteskoek} }jese ~ese qelqfe ~b}j pbnkbdb`gk} ezqesfek`e fk P}g}e gmobkbp}sg}blk cu} eb}jes }jer ~ese kl} gp ek}jupbgp}f` gclu} me`ek}sgfbpgbflk gp je ~gp& ls ~ese kl} gp dls}j`lobkn bk ezqseppbkn }jebs sepestg}flkp+ Je& }jesedlse& me`bmem }l olcbfbpe ~jg}etes puqqls} je `lufm ne} dls jbp fmegp lk me`ek}sgf}pg}flk dslo pu`j fl`gf clmbep gp ~ese gfbte g} }jg} }boe& ~je}jes susgf ls uscgk+ ]je Qgk`jgrg}b SgH gkm }je Kgngsqgffig musbkn }je dfsp} jgfd ld Pgooefgkp& stjb`j }lli 72:2& ~ese }je qfg}dlsop je metfpem dls }je qusQlpe. Cr gkr g``luk} }jepe pgooefgkp ~ese lke ld }je olp} ez}ekpbte pesbep ld `lkpuf}g}flkp ~b}j g ~}me tgsbe}r ld lddf`}gfp gkm efee}em seqsepek}g}ftep dslo }je fl`gf clmbep ld }je `luk}sr+ ]je joe Obkfp}es jfopefd ce`goe tesr g`}bte qgs}b`}qgk} bk }jepe ng}jesbknp+ ]je Qgk`jgrg}b SgH pgooefgk pesfep p}gs}em fk Hgkugsr gkm ~ek} lk }}ff Gqsbf+ ]je Sequcff` Mgr `efecsg}}lkp ld 72:2 ~ese gk lqqls}ukf}r }l csbkn fgsne kuoces ld lddf`bgfp gkm seqsepek}g}ftep ld tbffg-e qgk`jgrg}p }l Mefjf+ B ~gp Pe`se}gsr fk }je Obkfp}sr ld Uscgk Meteflqoek} g} }jg} }foe gkm T}klm Qgkmer ~gp Pe`se}gws& Susgf Meteflqoek}+ Or `lffegnuep gkm ~g}`jem ~f}}s ploe goupeoek} gkm `rkf`fpo gp Tfklm gkm jfp lddf`esp fgclusem jgsm bk lsngkfp}kn lke pgooefgk gd}es gkl}jes+ G} }je cep} ld }}oep bk}esg`}flk ce}~eek lus }~l skfkbp}sbep ~gp ofkfogf gkm }}sbp qesflm ld fk}ekpe peo}kgsfkn mbm kl} peeo gk gqqslqs}g}e }boe }l ~bmek }je `lk}g`}p+ ^e ~ese ofp}giek+
Cfff dls Qgk`jgrg}}
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puche`}p pu`j gp gnsb`uf}use& obkls gkbogf jupcgkmsr& susgf efe`}sfdf`g}blk&
e}`+ wul}e dslo }je P}g}eoek} ld Segplkp dls }je Cbff8
ld }je ~lsibkn ld Qgk`jgrg}b SgH jgp pjl~k }jg} bk ogkr p}g}ep }jer ~egi gkm bkedde`}bte mue }l
tgsbe}r }k`fumbkn }je dgbfuse }l jlfm swnufgs efe`}blkp& qslflknem puqespeppblk& seqsepek}g}blk ld }je ~egies pe`Ulkp gmewug}e metlfu}blk ld ql~es gkm bfb}r lk }jeo+ Jgtbkn sengsm }l }je fep bk }je emp}fkn prp}eo gkm ieeqbkn }je mbse`}bte qsbk`bqfe ld p}g}e qlfb`r fk Gs}f`fe =1 ld }je @lkp}}}u}bck ~jb`j ekml~bkn Qgk`jgrg}p ~b}j pu`j qq~esp gp gse ke`eppgsr }l ekgcfe }jqo }l gp ukb}p ld pefd nlteskoek}& }} bp qslqlpem ke~ pe`}blk,qgs} }l }je @lkp}b}u}blk }l }je qgk`jgrg}p+]
}jsee/}bes prp}eo ldqgk`jgrg}p& }je cfff gfpl ktfpgnem efe`}blkp }l ce lsngkbpem cr }je Efe`}flk @loobppflk& sepestg}flkp ld peg}p dls @gp}ep& P`jemufem ]sbcep gkm ~loek+ regsp dls }je qgk`jgrg}p& }je pe}bfkn uq }ekuse ld ld @loofppflkp fk }je P}g}e- gkm eoql~emkn
Me`ekjgffpg}blk/Qlp} gkm. Qsepek} Eddls}p
}je @GN }l gum}} }je g``luk}p ld }je qgk`jgrg}p. ^jbfe bk}slmu`bkn }jbp c}ff& SgHbt Ngkmjb gfpl gkkluk`em }jg} pbobfgs ezes`fpe ~lufm ce }giek uq }l qslt}me `lkpU}u}blkgf ogkmg}e dls uscgk fl`gf clmbep+E
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gp @lsqlsg}flkp& Oukb`bqgf @luk`ffp. ]l~k
@loob}}eep& Kl}bdfem Gseg @loob}}eep& e}`. pjlufm
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]je Pgoo`fgk Pesf`p ]je p`jemufe ld etek}p }l ce lsngkfpem ~gp mguk}fkn+ ^b}j}k lke olk}j& Huke& peofkgs ld lddf`}gfp& }jsee senblkgf pgooefgkp g} Cgkngflse& @u}}g`i gkm Ke~ Mefjb& oeeukn ld gff }je @jfed
fl
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Mefjb Meteflqoek} Gu}jlsb}r& }je Mbse`}lsg}e ld
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fed} cejbkm cr }je Meqgs}oek} ld Puqqfr+ Gd}es
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gkm Pukmgsgo jgm gfpl pqe`fgf}pem fk uscgk ogkgneoek} gkm+ oukb`bqgf gmo}kfp}sg}flk fk }jebs
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fl`gf clmbep bk }je `luk}sr& }jebs p}su`}use& }jebs
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ltes~jefobkn `lkpekpup dls qsltbmbkn
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ld qlqufg}blk& l``uqgbflk gkm bk`loe dls pe}}bkn uq
uscgk fl`gf clmbep bk }jsee `g}enlsbep/Kgngs
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]je Pq}sf} ld }je Pgskoefgkn ]je dlsog} ld }je pgooefgk ~lsipjlqp qsltbmem dls `lk`fumbkn peppblk ~jese }je se`looekmg}blkp ld mbddesek} nsluqp ~lufm ce qsepek}em }l }je Qsboe Obkbp}es cr }ek }l }~efte qgs}b`bqgk}p+ ]je Qsboe Obkbp}es g`}btefr qgs}b`bqg}em bk }je mbp`uppblk dlffl~fkn }jepe qsepek}g}blkp+ ]~l bk`bmek}p oesb} oek}flk+ G} }je Cgkngflse etek}& rlukn fgmr ~jl ~gp `jgb=sesplk dslo lke ld }je pogffes oukf`bqgfb}bep
f4
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bk]gobf gmu& ceflknbkn }l }je MOI& ogme dld`eduf pqee`j
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ld
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#^e gse qseqgsem ~jf`j pje g} gff fetefp9 }l }je `b}r gkm Ousbb`}qgf }je qlpfUlkp ld Ogrls gkm @jgfsogk mfse`} efe`}blkp+ ^e cefbete fk }je p}sekn}j ld gmuf} dsgk`jbpe+ ]je wu1p}blk Qsboe Obkbp}es fp ~je}jes rlus l~k qgs}r ceffed fk dsee gkm dgbs efe`}flkp+# SgHbt `loqfboek}em }je dls`edufkepp ld }je l}jes bk`bmek} ~gp musbkn }je Mefjb lke ld }}se peppblkp ogfe `jgutbkbpo qgk} gkm etesr ~logk pqegiesb ~gp ]jek& fgmr `luk`bffls dslo wke ld oukb`bqgfbUep oluk}em }je mgbp gkm petese }lknue fgpjbkn gp #lke Jg}.rgktb ]je ogbk ngffesbep ~ese pucmuem dms }je peppblk+ ]jepe }~l bk`bme}.s}p gse oek}flkem ld }je g}olpqjese ld dsee gkm dsgki `jgsg`}esbpem }je ~lsipjlqD+ ~lsipjlqp ~ese dlffl~em cr ld @jbed Pe`se}gsbep lk 3> H8ukeb}x goee}bkn @lkpuf}g}bte @loob}}ee lk csek`e ld }je FPN Obkbp}esp lk }je 0l}j8 ld }je Nlteskoek} ld fkmbg Pe`se}gsfcp lk Hufr& gkm& dbkgffr& g oee}bkn ld }je @jbed Hufr 72:2+7= Bk ogkr ld }jepe esdek}p& bf qgs}b`bqg}em+ B} g} }je Pe`se}gsbep je ogme `gkmbm gkm oltbkn pqee`j }je sg}blkgfe dls }je me`ek}sgfbpg}blk cssbkn }l `lktespg}bls} je jgm jgm ~}}j pllk gd}es }je ]bekgkfkgk bk`bmej} bk pgbm Nlscg`jlt jgm sengsmem }jg} etek} ld }je }s3ns` csegiml~k md `looukbmg}blk @looukbp} qgs}r& }je Delqfep.Gsor gkm
Me`es}sgf}pgfblk/Qgp} gkm+ Qsepek} Edsls}p
}>
}je p}umek}p+ ]jepe }jsee ek}f}bep jgm gf~grp ceek
`ek}sgf }l }je @jfkepe qlfb}r gkm re} eg`j jgm obpsegm }je p}nkgfp ld }je l}jes+ Gk boqls}gk} fepplk dslo }je ogppg`se ~gp }jg} etek bk sen}oek}em pl`fe}fep ploe qfusgfb}r esmp}em+ Bk l}jes pl`be}fep }je qfusgfb}r& gkm }je dfemcbfb}r keemem }l megf ~b}j }jg}& ~lufm ce ou`j olse+ Gp dls }je Pltbe} Ukblk& SgHbt se`gffem }jg} Nlscg`jlt `lkpfmesem }je qlfb}b`gf gkm pl`bgf gpqee}p ld Qesep}slbig gp olse boqls}gk} }jgk b}p e`lklob` deg}usep+ ]je fepplk SgHbt `gssbem dslo }jepe `lktespg}flkp ~gp }jg} fk ouf}b/e}jkb`& ouf}f/fbknugf pl`fe}r f}ie Bkmbg& b} ~lufm ketes ce qlppbcfe dls }je @ek}sgf nlteskoek} }l oee} }je sbpfkn gpqbsgUlkp ld }je qelqfe& ls `lqe ~}}j }je ~fme sgkne ld qslcfeop ~f}j }jebs tgsrfkn bk}ekp}}r bk }je mbddesek} qgs}p ld }je `luk}sr+ ]jepe sewubsem jbnjfr dfezbcfe gkm fl`gffr sefetgk} plfu}blkp+ Cepbmep& dls `luk}s5s ld Bkmfgp pfxe& }je dukkef ld seqsepek}gbflk& `lkpbp}bkn ld }je OQp gkm OFGP bk }je `luk}sr& }lne}jes kuocesem kl} olse }jgk ploe 4&111+ ]jbp fbob}em kuoces sengsmem }jeopeftep gp ez`fupbte seqsepek}g}btep ld }je qelqfe cu} bk dg`} }jer jgm ce`loe ql~es csliesp+ Bk jbp tbpblk& }je qlfb}r ld Bkmbg gkm f}p pustftgf gp pl`fe}r ~lufm }jseg}ekem bd }je gtekuep gkm
kuocesp ld seqsepek}g}blk ~ese kl} ekfgsnem pbnk}df`gk}fr+ ]jbp #~bmekbkn }je dukkef ld
seqsepek}g}flk. ce`goe qgppblk ~b}j SgHbt Ngkmjb+ ]je gsb}joe}b` ld kuocesp eoesnem gp lke ld }je lsngkbpbkn qsbk`bqfep dls }je qlfb}b`gf p}su`}use ld }je Qgk`jgrg}p gkm }je Kgngsqgfbigp gp ektbpgnem dls }je qslqlpem @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmoek}+ SgHbt Ngkmjb gfpl g`ikl~femnem g} }jepe oee}bknp }jg} b} ~gp kl} nlbkn }l ce egpr }l ne} }je qlfb}}`gf puqqls} keemem }l qupj }jslunj }je me`ek}sgffpg}blk
f:
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bkb}bg}bt gkm }h
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oegpusep ~ese dgs }ll ~bme+ dgs }lm ogkt m kl} ce g``eq}gcfe }l }je ezbp}fkn qlf}}b`gf ploe fegmesp ~lufm ieeq pgrbkn&.jlxgo *`gkkl} ce mbnep}em"+ Ketes}jefepp& }jer mbm }} qsumek} }l hlbk bppue ~b}j SgHbt Ngkmjb+ b}blk qgs}bep& jl~etes& ~ese kl} clukm cr bkjcb}blk& Sbnj} dslo }je cenbkkbkn ld }je }je MOI& @QO gkm }je ]efunu Mepgo Qgs}r }jg} SgHbt Ngkmjb ~gp crqgppbkn }je pqbsb} kp}b}u}blk cr peeibkn }l fenbpfg}e lk puche`}p `fegsfr ~f}jbk }je mlogbk ld }je P}g}e ek}p+ ^ep} Cekngf qgd}b`bqg}em bk }je SgH pgooefgk bk @gf`s&}}}g cu} sedupem }l lddb`bgf ls efe`}em seqsepek}g}bte }l gkr ld pgooefgk etek}p+ ]gobf Kgmu.p MOI gkm }je ]efunu Mepgo nlteskoek} ld mepj qgs}f`}qg}em bk }}se pgooefgdbp cu} ebs lqqlpb}blk g} }je `lkdesek`e ld }je 0L ld fl`gf pefd nlteskoek} jefm
^ep} Cekngf p}grem g~gr dslo }jg} ee}bkn }jlunj bkb}bgffr b} qslobpem }l pessm b}p }bte+ }5 ee}bkn ~b}j }je @jbed Obkbp}esp& lk
Hufr& qlpem }l ce }je `ufobkg}bkn etek} ld }je ~gp de~ mgrp cedlse& Gkmjsg `lkpuf }blk qsl`epp+ Qsgmepj @jbed Obkbp}es& Sgog Sgl& gkkluk`em jbp me`bpblk }l clr`l}} }je `lkdesek`e+ ^ep} Cekngf gkm Iesgfg ffl~em pub}+ Bk gk lqek fe}}es mg}em = Hufr mjb ~sl}e }l Sghbt Ngkmjb }jg} bd gkr 72:2 `lkp}b}u kgf qsltbpblk ~gp keemem g} gff b} `gk ce qusqlpe ld ekpusbkn senufgs efe`}blkp }l lkfr dls lk gff l}jes og}}esp b} pjlufm ce fed} }l fl`gf }l bk}s bk}slm lmu` u`e e }j ke`eppgsr fenbpfg}blk }jup }je P}g ]je
Me`ek}sgfbpg}blk/Qgp} gkm+ Qsepek} Eddls}p
f2
se`lnkbpbkn }jg} fl`gf pefd/nlteskoek} ~gp ez`fupbtefr bk }jebs husbpmb`}blk+}4Jl~etes& bd }je @ek}se bk}ekmem }l qsl`eem dus}jes& }je @lkp}b}u}flkgf Goekmoek}p qslqlpem pjlufm ce cslunj} cedlse `lkdesek`e ld @jbed Obkbp}esp dls pqe`bfb` mbp`uppblk+ Hrl}b Cgpu ~sl}e pbobfgs fe}}es wuep}blkbkn }je keem gkm ~bpmlo ld }je `ek}sgf nlteskoek} bk sepls}fkn }l @lkp}b}u}blkgf
Goekmoek}p+s] Fegtbkn gpbme wuep}flkp ld @lkp}f}u}blkgf qslqs}e}r& Sgog Sgl lqekfr g``upem Sghbt Ngkmjb gkm jbp qgs}r ld }srbkn }l ~ll tl}esp lk }je ete ld nekesgf efe`}blk cr pu`j ogkleu~ep lk
me`ek}sgfbpg}flk+ Bk }je gcpek`e ld }je lqqlpb}blk/sufem p}g}ep& }je `lkdesek`e ld @jbed O}kbp}esp mbm kl} qslmu`e gkr pusqsbpep+ Jl~etes& }je `lkdesek`e ~gp dlffl~em cr bk}ekpfte `lkpuf}g}flk ce}~eek Osp Oljpbkg Ibm~g} gkm ploe @lknsepp @jbed Obkbp}esp pu`j gp K+ M+ ]b~gsb& H+ C+ Qg}kgbi& Qsg}gq Pbknj Sgke& Mefjb.p @jbed Eze`u}bte @luk`bfflsHgn Qsgtepj @jgkmsg gkm l}jesp+ Ploe ld }jepe @lknsepp fegmesp def} }jg} ^gsm @loob}}eep gkm ]kkgf @loob}}eep gp qslqlpem dls `b}fep ~lufm ce gk ltesmlpe ld }je efe`}bte efeoek} gkm obnj} fegm }l pesblup `lkdfb`} ld ql~es gkm dbnj} dls lddb`e ~b}jbk }je qgs}r+ Hgn Qsgtepj& dgobfbgs ~b}j }je uscgk p`eke ce`gupe ld jbp flkn gppl`fg}blk ~b}j Mefjb& gsnuem }je l}jes pbme ~b}j ek}jupfgpo+ ]je bffp ld meol`sg`r& je pgbm .g/fg Hljk P}ugs} Obff `gk ce `usem lkfr cr olse meol`sg`r+ ]b~gsb& lk }je l}jes jgkm& seqeg}emfr gmtbpem `gu}blk gkm punnep}em }je @ek}se pjlufm ffof} b}pefd }l qlfb`r nubmgk`e& sksng mgsp}~} gp je `gffem b}+ gkm fegte b} }l }je P}g}ep }l ~lsi lu} }je me}gbfp+ Jl~etes& }jepe @lknsepp fegmesp gp ~eff gp l}jes p}gf~gs}p bk }je @ek}sgf nlteskoek}& pu`j gp Cjghgk Fgf& Kgsgpbojg Sgl& Plfgkib ls l}jesp
Dl~es }l }je Delqfe<
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ld ~lsfmkn g} }je P}g}e fetef& g``eq}em
se
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Me`ek}sgfbpg}bgk/Qgp} gkm
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3& Oeekgipjbpukmgsgo+ Me`ek}sgfbpg}blk bk @l}kf+fsfep+ Mefjb8 @lk`eq} Qucfbpjbkn& 722=+
0+ Bc}m =+ Pbknj& P+P+ e}+ gF em+ Bsnbpfg}bue
5+ 4+
Bkmbk Lq+ `bf+
P}g}up lH Qgk`jgnl}b Sw sk
Bcsm/ Seqls} lH }je ^lsip}~q lH M}p}s}`} Ognfp}sl}ep @lffe`}lsp lk Sepql}}p}pe Gmobkbp}sg}blk& Ke~ Mefjb8 Obkbp}sr ld Qesplkkef& Nlteskoek} ld Bkmbg& Hufr 72:2+
>+ BcBm :+ ]je @lkp}f}u}blk 4=}j Goekmoek} Cbff 2+
Meteflqbkn
72:2 *C}ff Kl+ 51 ld
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fL+ Dslo qsl`eemfknp ld }je oee}bkn ce}~eek Uscgk
M~eflqoek} gkm l}jes Obkbp}esp& 72 Ogr 72:2& Obkbp}sr ld
f+
Uscgk Meteflqoek}+
Seplfu}blk Kl+ ld }je Hlbk} Oee}bkn ld }je @ek}sgf @luk`bf ld }k`m Nlteooek} gkm Gff Bkmbg @luk`bf ld Ogrlsp+ L`}lces
s2:4+
73+ Kgngsqgf}ig Pgooefgk& Sepqlkpep dslo Mefeng}epb @loqgsg}bte Gkgfrpbp& Ke~ Mefjb8 Nlteskoek} ld Bkm}g& O}kbp}sr ld Uscgk Meteflqoek} gkm Kgulkgf Bkdlsog}b`p @ek}se& Huke 72:2+ 70+ @lkdesek`e ld @jbed Pe`se}gsbep9 Gnekmg Kl}ep& Obkbp}sr ld Qesplkkef& Huke 72:2+ 7=+ #Nbte Dbkgk`bgf Ql~esp }l Uscgk Clmbep#+ Ke~p b}eo bk Qg}sb&l} Ke~ Mefjb+ ld 01 Huke 72:2+ 75+ .Cekngf Clr`l}} Oee} lk Uscgk Clmbep.+ Ke~p b}eo fk Qg}kl}& Ke~ Mefjb& ld f5 Hufr 72:2+ 74+ .Igsukgkbmjb ogr kl} g}}ekm }je @Op. oee}#+ Ke~p b}eo bk Bkmfgk Ezqsepp& Ogmsgp& ld = Hufr 72:2+
Qlues }l }je Delqfe< Clr`l}} @Op. Ke~p b}eo bk Bkmbgk +nzqsepp& Hufr 72:2 gkm #Cekngf gfpl }l Clr`l}} @Op Ke~p b}eo bk Jbkmup}gk ]bsssep& @gf`u}}g+ Huft
)g/
]je Msgd}bkn ld }je Goekmoek} Cbff Qseqgs}kn }je Goekmoek} Cbff dls }je Qgk`jgrg}p jgm kl} qlpem gkr pesblup `lk`eq}ugf qslcfeo+ ]je
se`looekmg}blkp ld }je Cgf~gk} Sgb Oej}g @loof}}ee ~ese bk `lkpbmesgcfe me}gbf+ Petesgf P}g}e nlteskoek}p jgm gfpl g`wubsem ou`j ezqesbek`e ep}gcfbpjbkn }je fengf gkm gmobkbp}sg}bte cgpe dls }je qgk`jgrg}p+ ]je Obkbp}sr ld Susgf Meteflqoek} jgm olkb}lsem dls flkn }je `luk}sr~bme ezqesbek`e gkm jgm ogme b}p l~k dlsoufg}blkp dslo }boe }l }boe dls p}sekn}jekbkn }je
qgk`jgrg} clmbep+ Msgd}bkn cbff }l qsltbme `lkp}b}u}blkgf pgdenugsmp dls }je duk`}blkbkn }je qgk`jgrg}p ~gp& }jesedlse& `loqgsg}btefr p}sgbnj}dls~gsm }gpi dls }je Obkbp}sr+
]je Kgngsqgfbig Cbff gp gk Gd}es}jlunj} B} jgm ceek ezqe`}em }jg} ploe qsltbpblkp bk }je 4=}j Goekmoek} Cbff sengsmbkn efe`}blkp& sepestg}blkp. p`jemufe ld sepqlkpbcbfb}bep& e}`& ~lufm ce seqeg}em gkm olse }jlunj} nbtek }l oukb`bqgf seqlkpbcbfb}bep. ]je Kgngsqgf}ig Cbff& }jup& ~gp gk gd}es }jlunj}/b} ~gp gkkluk`em dls }je dbsp} }boe ~jbfe Sghbt Ngkmjb bk }je Y&li ~gp bk}slmu`bkn }je 4=}j Goekmoek} Pgcjg+ Petesgf bmegp eoesnem dslo }je lu}`loe ld keem }l `fgppbdd }je pgooefgk etek}p+ Lke ~gp
3=
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Ql~es }l }je D&elqc<
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}je ld }je qgs}b`bqgk}p ~gp tesr pbobfgs }l }jg} ld ~jl g}}ekmem }je qgk`jgrgdf sgh etek}p+ ]jer }em gk ez`fupbte ogkmg}e dls oukb`bqgf duk`}blkp ~f}j gmewug}e seplus`ep+ ]jer ~esm gfpl qseqgsem }gie lk qltes}r gffetbg}blk qslnsgs}oep }jebs fg`i ld ezqesbek`e Gs }jbp sengsm+
Tep}bkn
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Qgkmer& Pe`se}gsr& gkm B& gp
}je nsluq gfes} fengf }}sek
ld eze`u}fte ql~esp }k }je
efe`}em
~gp gkl}jes p}slkn ezqe`}g}blk+ cbff dls }je Kgngsqgfbigp }sbem }l cuffm fkpep+ msgd}bkn nsluq ld pls}p `goe ~b}j }je Qsboe Obkbp}es.p lddf`e bk }je `bqgf Pe`se}gsr }l }je jboe Obsfbp}es& ieq} `flpe }gc lk }je qslnsepp ld~lsi& Pjgkigs Gbrgs& g dlsoes p`jllfog}e ld gkm kl~ Hlbk} Pe`se}gsr bk }je qOL& }je QO.p qjbflplqjr lk }je pucHe`}+ Tfklm Susgf Meteflqoek}9 Isbpjkgp~gor& Qfgkkbkn9 Nlqb Gslsg& Dfkgk`e Pe`ke}gsr Uscgk MeteflfKkek}& `loqsbpem Ms Sgl& }jek Y+g~ Pe`se}gsr& plukmem }je }boe }l }boe ~jek lus }jlunj}p `slppem B} deff }l }je fl} ld Po}+ Sgog Met}+ Pe`se}gsr& }l ogie pekpe ld }je nsluq.p gkm nfte }jeo ploe fengf dlsoufg}blk+
]je Msl-bkn
lH}}e Goekmoek}Cbff
Klke ld }jepe dlsoufg}blkp fgp}em flkn gp }je fsseqseppbcfe Ogkb cslunj} }l }je nsluq ploe csbnj}
bmeg ls l}jes lk mgbfr& gkm ploe}boep jlusfr& cgpfp. ]je oeeUknp ld }je msgd}bkn nsluq ld}ek ce`goe ogsg}jlk peppblkp dls}bdfem cr hgfecbp gs}m p`uklpgp gkm& ld `luspe& +g p}egmr puqqfr ld qgk} dls T}klm Qgkmet+ ]~l b}eop ce`goe olse `lk}ek}blup }jgk l}jesp. Lke sefg}em }l }je pe}}bkn uq ld ^gsm `loob}}eep gkm
oegpuse dls ekjgk`bkn qslsmob}r ce}~eek `f}bxekp gkm }jebs seqsepek}g}ftep. ]je l}jes ~gp }je qsltbpblk dls Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn `loof}}eep+ ]je sepqlkpe dslo }je pgoskefgk gkm Xlkgf qgs}b`fqgk}p }l }je qslqlpgf dls `loob}}eep jgm ceek o/fzem+} Gclu} =5 qes `ek} Xlkgf `loof}}eep gp
}jsee/}bes pe} uq bk fgsne `fdfep. `lkpfp}bkn ld }je Oukb`bqgf @luk`bf& Xlkgf @loob}}ee gkm ^gsm @loob}}ee8 gclu} 051,l mbm kl} gkm }je sep} ~ese ukme`bmem+ Bk }je `lkdesek`e ld Pe`se}gsbep& @jbed Pe`se}gsfep& Obkfp}esp& e}`+& }je qsedesek`e ~gp dls Xlkgf @loob}}eep gp gk gmobkbp}sg}fte ₦usgkneoek} gkm ^gsm @loo}}}eep g} }je kebnjclusjllm fetef gp gk bkdlsogf gssgkneoek} sg}jes }jgk gp efe`}em ek}f}fep+ Ketes}jefepp& gp oek}flkem cedlse. }je gsf}joe}f`p ld seqsepek}g}blk gkm }je keem }l ~bmek }je dukkef ld qgs}b`fqgUlk ~ese `lkpbmesem `su`fgf cr SgHbt Ngkmjb+ Ogk} Pjgkigs gsnuem tbnlslupfr dls }jfp tfe~ql}k} }k gff }je msgd}}kn oee}fknp+ Ukmes }je Qgk`jgrg} Cfff& je qlbk}em lu}& tbffgne qgk`jgrg}p ~lufm `ltes lk gk gtesgne qlqufg}blk ce}~eek dfte }l }ek }jlupgkm& ~b}j seqsepek}g}btep msg~k dslo }essb}lsbgf `lkp}b}/uek`bep eg`j `loqsbpbkn gclu}
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34
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Mbp}sf`} Qfgkkbkn
fetef qfgkkbkn jgp ceek
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ql~esduf clmbep bk gmobkbp}esbkn /dukmem qslnsgooep+ Er d243& ke~
gp mbp}bk`} dslo }je P}g}e fetef gkm cgpem lk Xfffg bpjgmp& eoesnem+ Bk }Hse qsl`epp& }je Oqp& OFGp gkm bk qgs}f`ufgs& obkbp}esp g} }je P}g}e fetef cengk }l }jg} }jebs l~k boqls}gk`e gkm bkdf}gek`e ~ese eslmem+ B} ~gp gfpl gsnuem }jg} }je dc`up
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OBGp& seqsepek}g}btep ld cgkip& `llqesg}btep gkm l}jes klk/lddb`fgfp ~ese bk`fumem gp oeocesp+ Nsgmugffr& gff me`bpblkp sengsmbkn tgsflup meteflqoek} p`jeoep ~ese }giek cr }jbp MQM@+ B} gfpl ce`goe }je gscb}sg}ls bppuep `lk`eskbkn ls uoqbse bk qfgk gffl`g}blkp gkm p`jeoep ~b}jbk }je mbp}sb`}+ ]jlunj }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm ~gp ep}gcfbpjem ukmes gk G`} ld }je fenbpfg}use& b}p slfe ce`goe pe`lkmgsr }l }je MQM@ ~jb`j ~gp lkfr }je `seg}use ld nlteskssbek} lsmes+ ]je pb}ug}flk bk Nuhgsg} ~gp pbobfgs+ Ploe l}jes
P}g}ep fbie Gkmjsg& Cbjgs& Sghgp}jgk gkm U}}gs Qsgmepj gfpl qsltbmem dls pu`j MQM@p ukmes }je
`jgfsogkpjbq ld ofkbp}esp+ Bk ploe l}jes P}g}ep& fbie ^ep} Cekngf& ]gobf Kgmu& QukHgc& Lsbppg& Iesgfg& Jbog`jgf Qsgmepj gkm Gppgo& mbp}sb`} fetef qfgkkfkn ls meteflqoek} `llsmbkg}blk ~gp }seg}em gp gk gmobkbp}sg}bte gkm }e`jkb`gf og}}es gkm ~gp jgkmfem cr `loob}}eep upugffr ukmes }je `jgbsogkpjbq ld }je @lffe`}ls ls }je Mbp}sb`} Ognbp}sg}e& gp }je `gpe ogr pbobfgs lddb`bgf fetef ce+0 Igskg}gig+ ~jb`j p}gs}em `loob}}ee `jgknem ltes }l tesr p}slkn Xbffg Qgsbpjgm prp}eo+ ^jek Sgogis}pjkg Jenme ~gp @jbed Obkbp}es& Kgpbs Pgc& }je jbnjfr memb`g}em Qgk`jgrg} Obkbp}es& cslunj} gclu} g ke~ P}g}e fg~ ep}gcfbpjbkn }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm gp tbs}ugffr mbp}sb`} fetef nlteskoek}+ ]je `jgbsqesplk ~gp nbtek }je p}g}up ld obkbp}es gkm b}p
3:
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pjgm& #pub}gcfr `loqlpem# }l bk`fume seqsepek ld oukb`bqgfb}bep gkm `b}bep gp gfpl
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72::& ~gp fepp ek}jupbgp}b` gclu} Qgsbpjgm gkm `lkpbmesem b} obn}s} kl} ~b}j ezbp}bkn qlfb}b`gf nsluqp+ ]je @jbed }jesedlse& punnep}em }jg} `lk-`blup ufm ce ogme }l peei pu`j `lkpekpup qlppbcfe @lkpU}u}blkgf Goekmoek}+ ]je jl~etes& ~gp `fegs bk b}p tfe~ }jg} }je ffe`}ls pjlufm ce }je dl`gf qlbk} gkm #jbp p}g}up pjlufm kl} ce `loqslofpem g} bk lus meteflqoek}#+l se lu}`loe ld }je @lffe`}lsp. ~lsipjlq gp
^jbfe ~eff gp `lkdesek`e ld @jfed Pe`se}gsbep ~gp bfl} gp pqe`bdd` je ~lufm jgte fbiem& SgHft Ngkmjb m``bmem qlpem @lkp}}}u}blkgf Goekmoek} pjlufm }jg} }je
dje Mswd}jn lH}je Goekmoek}CbF}
b}pefd ce }je l``gpblk dls pe`usbkn `lkpekpup+ Je ~gp gfpl ieek }l qsltbme dls ukbdlso }jsee/}bes qgk`jgrg} pe}uq bk }je `luk}sr+ ]jg} ce`goe }je `ek}sgf qbe`e ld }je Goekmoek} Cbff dls Qgk`jgrg}p bk}slmu`em bk Gqsbf 72:2+ Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn ~gp }l ce }giek uq gp gk b}eo bk pucpewuek} cbff& }je Kgngsqgfbig Cfff+ ]j` Tfe~p ld }je Qfgkkbkn @loobppblk ^jek }je msgd}}kn ld }je Kgngsqgfig Cbff ~gp }giek uq& }jese ~gp ploe lqqlpb}blk dslo }je Qfgkkbkn @loobppflk gp ~eff }l }je ogfmkn ld g @lkp}b}u}flkgf qsltbpblk dls Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn+ Ogmjgt Pbknj Plfgk}sm& }jek Qfgkkbkn Ofkbp}es& degsem }jg} qsltbmbkn @lkp}f}u}blkgf p}g}up dls qfgkkbkn g} }je mbp}sb`} fetef obnj} jgte ploe ukezqe`}em gkm gmtespe boqfb`g}blkp dls }je Qfgkkbkn @loobppblk b}pefd+ Plfgkfm tlb`em }jepe gqqsejekpblkp g} gk fkdlsogf oee}bkn ld }je @luk`ff ld Ofkfp}esp lk Hufr 72:2+ Lk 3: Hufr& B*sfpjkgp~gor& Pe`se}gsr ld }je Qfgkkbkn @loofppblk& ~sl}e }l Mepjouij& Tbklm Qgkmer gkm orpefd msg~bkn lus g}}ek}blk }l }je dlffl~}kn tfe~p gkm se`looekmg}flkp ld }je Pgsigsbg @loofppflk+] Bd }je Qfgkkbkn @loskbppblk fp se`lkp}b}u}em cr p}g}u}e n}tfkn b} gk gu}lklolup p}g}up& mbtls`em
dslo }je qlff}b`gf eze`u}bte ld }je Ukblk& b}p
~lsibkn ~fff ce p}robem cr fengfbpo& sbnbmbUep gkm }e`jkb`gfb}bep ~jb`j gse bkjesek} bk bkdfezbcfe p}g}u}ep+ ]je }gpip ld Qfgkkbkn @loobppblk gse kl~ ltespeek cr }je Kg}blkgf Meteflqoek} @luk`ff+ ]jBp gssgkneoek} jgp ~eff gkp~esem lus qfgkk}kn keemp+ ]je seoemr& }jesedlse& fbep bk sedlsobkn }jepe fkp}f}u}flkp gkm }jefs ~lsfmkn&
01
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Ogkb qsltbpblk gkm dlsogf pe}uq dls dls mbp}sb`} B} ~gp gfpl gsnuem }jg} qsltbmbkn p}g}u}l cgpbp dls mbp}sb`} qfgsfkbkn ~lufm kl} ukme P}g}e gu}jlsb}r ls }je p}g}up ld }je Qfgkkbkn @loobppblk g} }je kg}blkgf fetef ~jb`j lufm& }je `lk}sgs5s& ce gk boqld}gk} bkqu} dls }je Etek}ugffr& b} ~gp me`bmem }l qsltfme dls P}g}e Mbp}sb`} @loob}}eep `loqlpem ogbkfr ld }g}btep msg~k dslo }je Xbffg Qgdbpjgm efe`}em fl`gf clmbep+ gkm
]je gkm }je Uscgk lk @ljolk Qfg}dlso ]je ogbkbkn bppuep ~ese }je susgf/fsscgk bk}esdg`e gkm jl~ }l qsltbme dls qgs}b`bqg}blk ld }je qgk`jg }p gkm oukb`bqgfb}bep bk }je qfgkkbkn qsl`epp+ ~gp kl}em }jg} lu} ld gclu} ==L mbc}sb`}p bk }je uk}sr& 01 ~ese qsemlobfsgk}fr uscgk gkm qsemlobkgk}fr susgf+ Bk gff l}jes mb-}sb`}p 0L1 }je qlp lk tgsbem sgbpbkn boqls}gk} bppuep ld jbqp ce}~eek uscgk gkm susgf gsegp& dsbknep uscgk gsegp gkm }sgkpb}blkgf gsegp+ Y} ~gp gfpl kl} }jg} tbffgne& cfl`i gkm mbp}sb`} fetef qgk`jg }p ~ese qgs} ld g ikl~k jbesgs`jr ld }~jb`j gkm `lsqlsg}blkp ~cse kl} qgs}+ B}
]je Msld}c}n lH }je Goekmoek}
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Qgsbpjgm gp ~eff gp oukb`bqgfb}bep gkm `lsqlsg}blkp pjlufm ce pe} uq+ ]je sg}bl ld oeocespj}q dslo }jepe }~l p}segop ~lufm ce bk qslqls}blk }l }je qlqufg}blk bk }je qgk`jgrg}p gkm uscgk gsegp+ ]l ogie }je qsl`epp gqqegs etek olse meol`sg}b`& Ogkb Pjgkigs qslqlpem }je msgd} meteflqoek} qfgk pjlufm ce qfg`em cedlse gk gppeocfr ld gff qgk`jgrg} gkm oukb`bqgf qsepbmek}p bk }je mbp}sb`}+ Tbklm Qgkmer& Isbpjkg/ p~gor gkm def}}jg} pu`j #G}jekbgk# }rqe `lk`fgtep
~lufm lkfr cekedb} }ek} jlupep gkm pjgobgkg
`lk}sg`}lsp gkm ~lufm peste kl qusqlpe+ Lus tbe~p ~ese csupjem gpbme+ Sgog Metb dgb}jduffr msgd}em `fgupe qsltbmbkn dls pu`j ng}jesbknp ~jb`j Ogkb qfg`em g} lke ld }je oee}bknp ld }je nsluq ld obkbp}esp+: Etek Pepjgk& }jek @gcbke} Pe`se}gsr& ~jl ~gp p}b`ifes dls me}gbfp bk`fumbkn qslqes kuocesbkn gkm ogsifkn ld @gcbke} qgqesp& ~gp pbfek} pqe`}g}ls }l Ogkb.p obppbfep ~jb`j fgkmem lk }je oee}bkn }gcfe dslo bfoe }l }boe& ]jepe obppbfep ~ese ukgkkluk`em cu} kl} ukezqe`}em pbk`e& bktgsbgcfr& SgHbt Ngkmjb ~lufm punnep} }l jbp `lffegnuep ~b}j jbp mbpgsobkn pobfe& #^jr kl} }gie flli g} ~jg} Ogkb jgp hup} oup} ce pgbm bk gff dgbskepp qslqlpem<# Jl~etes& }jg} ~jbfe Ogkb qgbm fb}}fe sengsm }l qsl`emuse qsfls `lkpuf}g}blk ~b}j }je `lk`eskem obkbp}sbep& ploe ld jbp punnep}blkp mbm gmm }l }je pucp}gk}bte oesb}p ld }je Cbff cu} }je punnep}blk dls mbp}sb`} fetef `lk`fgtep ~gp kl} lke ld }jeo+ Oes`bduffr& bk pucpewuek} mbp`uppblkp bk }je @luk`bf ld Obkbp}esp& Sghbt Ngkmjb ~gp qespugmem }l mslq }jbp qsltbpblk+ Bk }je mbp`uppblkp }jg} jgm ~b}j Mepjouij& Tbklm Qgkmer gkm Isbpjkgp~gor. tgsflup gf}eskg}btep
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}e`jkb`gf bkqu}p& mg}g gkm gkgfrpfp+ ^e }je qseqgsg}flk ld }je meteflqoesb} qfgk pjlufm kl} ce lke/}foe gddgbs cu} qsl`epp+ Gff }jbp sewubsem }jg} }je qdl`epp ek}sup}em }l lke clmr ~b}j ploe gppusgk`e Lk`e ~e gnseem }jg} }je Xbffg qgd}pjgm }je gqqslqsbg}e clmr dls }jbp qusqlpe& b} }jg} }je `jgbsqesplk ld }je qgk`jgrg} fetef& ~je}jes f} bp `gffem Xbffg qgd+bpjgm efpe& pjlufm ce }je @jgbsqesplk ld }je @loob}}ee gp ~eff+ ^e dms}jes }jg} }je ltesgff lcHe`}btep& qsblsb}bep pe} cr gkm P}g}e nlteskoek}-& }je ez}ek} gkm gkm l}jes seplus`₦p gtgbfgcfe8 e}`++ me }je mbpib`} qfgkkbkn qslqepp+ ~gp }jg} }k }je qfgkkbkn qsl`epp te\sblup l}}ses bkp}b}u}flkp gkm lsngkbpm}blkp `lkpuf}em+ Gs}b`fe 3=0R pB }je Goekmoek} dls gff }jepe qusqlpep+ ]je gss}b`fe se`lnkbpem pqg}bgf qfgkk}kn& pjgsbkn l}jes qjrpb`gf gkm kg}usgf seplus`ep+ }ensg}em meteflqoej} ld bkdsgp}su`}usc gkm `lkpestg}blk gp og}}esp ld `lsjolk
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fenbpfg}}lk gfpl `goe }l ce dsewuek}fr mbp`uppem+ Lke ~gp ~f}j sengsm }l }je `u} ldd dfnusep ld qlqufg}blk dls `lkp}b}u}fkn kgngs qgk`jgrg}p& oukf`bqgfb}fep gkm oukb`}qgf `lsqlsg}blkp+ Nbtek }je dg`} }jg} fk petesgf qgs}p ld }je `luk}sr qgk`jgrg}p `lkpbp}em ld fgsne tbffgnep ~b}j qlqufg}blk ld gslukm 3L&LLL& }jese
deefbkn }jg} oukb`bqgfb}bep pjlufm jgte qlqufg}}lk ld 5L&LLL+ Osp+ Oljpbkg Ifm~gb def} }jbp ~lufm `seg}e fl} ld qsgcfeop dls }je kuoeslup pogff oukb`bqgfb}fep ~jb`j gfsegmr emp}em bk U}}gs Qsgmepj/jes P}g}e+ Etek}ugffr& b} ~gp gnseem }jg} }je `u} ldd ~lufm seogbk 3L&L1L dls oukf`bqgf
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0=
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}je nsl~}j ld }jepe ouf}b/ouj}`}qgf ceek oghls gkm oLp}fr ukgk-~esem
jgm
Bk }je Kejsu esg& }je Qfgkkbkn @losssfppblk
wub}e ukpu``eppduffr& }je qlfb`r ld
oe}slqlfb}gk nsl~}j cr fbob}bkn bktep}oek}+ @gf`u}}g ~gp qslcgcfr }je ~lsp} gdde`}em oe}dlqlfbp ~jese cplfep`ek`e ld bkmup}st gkm me`gt ld ~gp lkft ct Zg`i ld bktep}}oek}+ 725Lp b} gfpl ce`goe }je `ek}se ld Fg}e bk ~b}j `jlfesg `fgbobkn g dc~ }jlupgkm fbtep+ Bk 7247& }je Dlsm Dlukmg}blk gkm ^JL lsngkbpem oghls `gf gppbp}gk`e qslnsgooe bk @gf`u}}g }l qseqgse oe}slqlfb}gk/~bme qslnsgooe ld sep`s}se gkm Jl~etes& }je Kejsu nlteskoek} gkm& bk qgs}b }je Dbkgk`e Obkbp}es+ ]+]+ Isfpjkg/ og`jgsr ~ese ukboqseppem ~}}j }je qsep`sbq}blkp gkm }je qfeg dls @ek}sgf gppbp}gk`e+ Bk }jebk tbe~& uscgk feop& ~jg}etes }je p`gfe& ~ese oujb`bqgf `lk`esk }jesedlse }je sepqlkpbcbfb}r ld P}g}e ]jbp p}gkm mbm kl} peeo }l gqqfr }l Mefjb& }je Ogp}es Qfgk ezes`bpe gkm fgsne/p`gfe fgkm b}blk gkm meteflqoek} cekedb}em `lkpb/ mesgcfr `ek}sgf nlteskoek} bktep}oek}p gp s&Teff gp }je bk}esep} gkm nubmgk`e ld Kejsu+}f Bkf L& og}}esp `goe }l g jegm bk @gf`u}}j/}je bkm se`eppflk cenbkkbkn bk 7244 gkm }je flpp ldk 3LL&LL1 hlcp pbk`e }jek& }je Kmzgfb}e bkpusnek }je dseemlo p}k/snnfe bk egp} Qgf}bp}gk& gkm }je }bkuem bkdfuz ld seduneep bk}l }je @mf`u}}g oe}slql }gk gseg `seg}em gk ukq}se`emek}em `sbpbp+ ]je ld }je P}g}e b}pefd jgm ceek `jgl}b` ~b}j lk obkbp}sbep fgp}bkn kl olse }jgk de~ }boe+ Bkmbsg Ngkmjb me`bmem }jg} gp qgs} olk}jp ld oegpusep }l gssep} dus}jes me}esblsg}blk+
dje Msldsbkn lH}je Goekmoek}Cbff
05
pqe`bgf qslnsgooe pjlufm ce oluk}em dls @gf`u}}g+ Pftgsgogk& }jek @gcbke} Pe`se}gws& gkm Gpjli Ob}sg& }jek Qfgkkbkn Pe`se}gsr bk }je @ek}sgf nlteskoek}& ogme de~ tbpb}p }l @gf`u}}g bk }je obmmfe ld 72>1+ wub`i setbe~ ld }je tgsblup bkdsgp}su`}use p`jeoep
~jb`j }je @gf`u}}g Oe}slqlfb}gk Qfgkkbkn
Lsngkfpg}blk jgm qseqgsem& ~b}j }je jefq ld Dlsm Dlukmg}blk ezqes}p& ~gp ukmes}giek+ G Sp f5L `slse qg`igne }l dbkgk`e pe(sesgb ld }jepe p`jeoep ~gp gu}jlsbpem+ `locbkg}blk ld flgkp gkm nsgk}p dslo }je @ek}sgf nlteskoek} gkm pqe`bgf ek}ws }gz }l pestb`e ogsie} clssltbknp ~gp gfpl gqqsltem+ ]l `b}r ~jb`j jgm kl} peek etek 7L qes `ek} ld pu`j p`gfe ld bktep}oek}& }jbp ~gp olp} ~ef`loe+ Olse boqls}gk}fr b} ogsiem& dls }je fbsp} }boe bk }je `luk}sr& }je g`}bte bktlfteoek} ld }je @ek}se bk oe}slqlf}}gk meteflqoek} qslnsgooe+ ]je @gf`u}}g Oe}slqlfb}gk Meteflqoek} Gu}jlsb}r *@OMG" ~gp pe} uq gp
`loqg`} clmr
}l `llsmbkg}e gkm olkb}ls }jbp
qslnsgooe+ Pbk`e ^ep} Cekngf ~gp ukmes Qsepbmek}.p sufe& fenbpfg}blk dls }jbp qusqlpe ~gp qseqgsem bk
de~ mgrp gkm ekmlspem cr }je Qgsfbgoek}.p
@lkpuf}g}bte @loob}}ee g} }je @ek}se+73
Bk }jlpe mgrp ~gp bk Musngqus sukkfkn
meteflqoek} gu}jlsb}r dls }jg} bkmup}sbgf `loqfez+ Bk Peq}eoces 2>1& ~gp puoolkem }l @gf`u}}g cr C C Njlpj& }jek Qsbk`bqgf Gmtbpls }l }je Nlteskl} gkm
lsmesem }l }gie `jgsne& gp Pe`se}gsr gkm @jbed Eze`u}bte& ld }je @OMG+ Pjsb Njlpj jgm ceek Pe`se}gsr ld }je Dllm Obkbp}sr bk }je @ek}sgf
nlteskoek}9 je ~gp& cr gkr p}gkmgsmp& gk ez`eq}blkgffr memb`g}em qesplk+ ^b}j jbp ukp}bk}em puqqls} gkm bkpqbsbkn fegmespjbq `lufm pe} uq }je @OMG ~b}jbk pjls} }boe+ olcbfbpe }je qslobpem
04
dukmp& p₦sk`ul
ld }je
gnek`bep ]je
gkl}jes `lk}ez} }je
}je
^lsip }je }je ls Hlbk} Dbkgk`e&
~lufm setbe~
+Ql~es }l }je Qelqfe<
pjefdldltes 711 p`jeoep qsl`eppem gkm gkm gfpl gppeocfe petesgf lsngkbpg}blkp k} bk}l dsgoe~lsi ld boqfeoek}bkn ``epp gkm pjls}`lobknp ld }je @OMG bp p}lsr cu} ~jg} bp sefetgk} }l }je qsepek} }je pqe`bgf oe`jgkbpo dls olkb}lsbkn ld qslnsgksoe ~jb`j ~gp pe} uq cr }je @ek}sgf ukmes Bkmbsg Ngkmjb.p mbse`}blkp+ Bk}}bgfft Obkbp}sr gkm fg}es }je Obkbp}sr ld k Jlupbkn duk`Ulkem gp }je klmgf obkbp}sr g} ld Bkmbg fetef+ Lk`e etesr wugs}es& }gsr ld }jg} obkbp}sr& gflkn ~b}j Gmmb}blkgf fetef seqsepek}g}btep ld }je Qfgkkbkn& ]sgkpqls} gkm l}jes obkbp}sbep `lk`eskem @gf`u}}g gp }ego gkm `lkmu`} me}gbfem }je qslnsgooep ld }je @OMG+ Qslcfeop ld
`llsmbk }blk ~lufm ce mbp`uppem gkm pqe`bgf ld }je Nlteskoek} ld Bkmbg gp keemem fk
~gp
em g} }je oee}fkn+ G} }je ekm ld }jg} oee}bkn& ~lufm csbed }je @jbed Obkbp}es ld ^ep}
}je }je p}g}up gkm }jek ogie seqls} }l Cekngf Pe`se}gsr gkm }je QO+ Gp ogkr gp ebnj} }je ld }jbp Setbe~ @loob}}ee }lli qfg`e }l ce}~eek 72>7 gkm F2>3+}0 Bk gmmb}blk& }je @gcbke} gkm ploe Ukblk obkbp}esp ~lufm }jeopeftep }l jlfm pu`j setbe~ oee}bknp+ dlukm tbpb} @gf tesr qlpb}bte ezes`fpe ld @ek}se/P}g}e }jbp }l `lffgcl }blk bk oe}slqlfb}gk meteflqoesf} gkm }+ Pbk`e @gf`u}}g jgm lqekem ~fkml~ ogsfgne dls pu `lffgclsg}blk& }je olmef ~gp qb`iem uq bk Ouocgf gkm @jekkgb gp ~eff+ B} `lktbk`em oe }jg} ld oe}slqlfb}gk ogkgneoek} ~ese ouf}b/ }je Husbpmb` kgf gkm `lufm kl} ce& sengsmem gp }je
]je MsgH}bkn
Goekmoek}
+.}
sepqlkpbcffb}r ld `lsqlsg}flkp gkm oukb`bqgfb}bep gflke+ p}slkn bk}es/nlteskoek}gf ekmegtlus bktlftbkn }je @ek}se& }je P}g}e gkm }je fl`gf gu}jlsb}bep ~gp sewubsem+
Gfolp} }~l me`gmep fg}es }je @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmoek} ezes`bpe ngte oe gk lqqls}ukb}r }l qslqlpe }jg} qfg}dlso pjlufm ce metbpem dls pu`j bk}es/nlteskoek}gf `lffgclsg}blk+
Ngkmjb jbopefd
mbm kl} sewubse ou`j qespugpblk8 ]je @lsseg
@loobppblk lk Uscgkbpg}blk& ~jb`j je jgm pe} uq& jgm gfpl msg~k pqe`bgf g}}ek}blk }l }je qslcfeop ld fgsne `b}bep gkm gsnuem }jg} }je gkbolpb}r gclu} fgsne `b}bep pjlufm ce nbtek uq gkm }jer pjlufm ce sengsmem gp #Kg}blkgf @b}bep#+.g Or bkb}bgf qslqlpgf ~gp }jg} oe}slqlfb}gk gsegp pjlufm ce sengsmem gp pqe`bgf mbp}sb`}p gkm pjlufm jgte Oe}slqlfb}gk Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee pbobfgs }l }je Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee+ ]je @loob}}ee ~lufm `lkpbp} ld efe`}em seqsepek}g}btep msg~k dslo }je uscgk& peob/uscgk gkm susgf ~f}jbk g oe}slqlfbp& seqsepek}g}btep ld }je P}g}e gkm
@ek}sgf nlteskoek} lsngkbpg}blkp& gkm gfpl
qsldeppblkgfp+ ]l cenbk ~b}j& jgm punnep}em }jg} pu`j Oe}slqlfb}gk Qfgkkbkn @loob}}eep pjlufm ce pe} uq dls }je fgsne `b}bep ld @gf`u}}g& Ouocgb& Mefjb& @jekkgb& Cgkngblse gkm Jrmesgcgm ~b}j 7227 qlqufg}blk ld }~l obffblk ls olse+ Sghbt Ngkmjb& jl~etes& me`bmem }jg} b} pjlufm ce ez}ekmem }l gff `b}bep ld olse }jgk lke obffblk+ Qsltbpblkp dls }je Oe}slqlfb}gk Qfggkkbkn @loob}}ee ~ese ogme g``lsmbknfr bk }je Msgd} Cbff+
Efe`}flk ld @jgfsqesplk
Bk sengsm }l }je efe`}blkp ld Ogrlsp gkm Oukb`bqgf @jgbsqesplkp& }je sepqlkpe }je Kgngsqgfbig
0:
Qlues }g }}e Qelqfe<
~gp kl} tesr `fegs+ Sghbt Ngkmjb dlukm }je dls mbse`} efe`}blkp qespugpbte cu} ploe ld ep bk }je @luk`bf ld Obkbp}esp def} bssmbse`}
jbp efe`}blk ~lufm ce qlfb}b`gffr olse g``eq}gcfe+ }je msgd} pe}Uem dls bkmbse`} efe`}blss+ b+e++ efe`}flk gkm dslo golknp} }je efe`}em oeoqesp ld ]l ekpuse p}sekn}j gkm p}gcbfd}r }je msgd} 3=02.>" gfpl p}bqufg}em }jg} }je seoltgf dslo oukb`bqgfb}r ls `lsqlsg}blk ldg ~lufm ogHlsb}r ld }je }l}gf kuoces ld }je gp gfpl oghlsb}r ld }~lf}jbsmp efe`}em qsepek} tl}bkn+ Pu`j qsltbpblk ~lufm jgte ogme }je }ekuse ld Ogrls ls Oukb`bqgf lk p}slknes }jgk etek @jbed Obkbp}es# Ploe qb`i uq }jbp bmeg gkm qsltbmem dls p}gcfe P}g}ep }ekuse ~e pjgff pee fg}es+Bp GpH kegsem b}p ekm& sefbed ~gp bk pbnj} dls Sgog ~jl jgm ~gb}em dls flkn dls }je mbp`uppblkp }l ekm dls dbkgf msgd}bkn ld }je Cbff }l `lo}kek`e+ ]jbp `goe }l oe lk 0f Hufr 72:29 f} ~gp cr Osp Ibm~gb& pek} uq }l }je QOL g]sm ~gp bk}slm bk }je Fli Pgcjg cr }je Qsboe Obkbp}es
lkPG nup}+ Gp oek}blkem cedlse& }je 4=}j Cbff bk sengsm }l }je Qgk`jgrg}p jgm
gfsegmr
pjgff
}k}slmu`em lk }je 73}j ld O=r& }je Cbff kl~ ce`goe g `loqgkblk qbe`e+ ^e bk }je kez} `jgq}es jl~ }je }~l cbff- dgsem
je Mswd}fkn lH}je Goekmoek}Cbff
02
KL]EP
f+ Klngsqgffiss Pgooefgk& Sepqlkpep Hslo
Mefeng}ep8 @loqgsg}bte Gkgfrpbp+ Ke~ Mefjb8 N~eskoek} ld Bkmbg& Obkbp}sr ld Uscgk M~eflqoek} gkm Kg}blkgf Bkdlsog}b`p @ek}se& Huke 72:2+ 3+ Seqls} lH }je ^lsipjlq lH Mbp}b`} Og&nbp}sl&}ep @lffe`}lsp lk Sepqlkpbue Gmo}sbp}sg}blk+ Ke~ Mefjb8 Obkbp}sr ld Qesplkkef& Nlteskoek} ld Bkmbg& Huft 72:2+
0+ scbm&+ =+ Oeekgipjbpukmgsgo+ Me`ek}sgfbpl+}blk fk
5+
Meleflqbkn
@l}k}sfep+ Ke~ Mefjf8 @lk`eq} Qucfbpjbkn& 722=+ Seqls} l9d }je ^lsipjlq lH Mbp}sb`} Oln}p}sg}ep @lffe`}lsp lk Sepqkpbue Gmobkb+p}sg}blk& Ke~ Mefjb8 Obkbp}sr ld Qesplkkef& Nlteskoek} ld Bkmbg& Huft 72:2+
4+ scbm >+ Pgsigsbg @loobppblk lk @ek}se/P}g}e Sefg}blkp& 72::+ :+ Msgd} ld }je Goekmoek} Cbff& Hufr 72:2& uksetbpem+ 2+ Gs}b`fe 3=0R fk }je @lkp}b}u}blk 45}j Goekmoek} Cbff 72:29
ld 72:2& gp bk}slmu`em bk }je Fli Pgcjg+ fL+ P}g}e lH Bkmfg.p Uscgkbpg}blk+ Ke~ Mefjb8 Kg}blkgf Bkp}b}u}e ld Uscgk Gddgbsp+ 72::+ 77+ Pbtgsgogisbpjkgk& I+ @+ ]je Bkmbkk Uscgk P`eke& Pjbofg8 Bkmbgk Bkp}b}u}e ld Gmtgk`em P}umr& 72>:+ 73+ Pbtgsgogisbpjkgk& I+@+ ~b}j Fepfbe Nseek& Oe}sl~fb}gk Ogkgneoek}+ ^gpjbkn}lk M+@8 Lzdlsm Ukbtespb}r Qsepp& ^lsfm Cgki& 72:4+ 70+ }cbm+ 7=+ Seqls} lH (Fe Kg&}blkl&f @loofppblk lk Uscgkbpg}blk Tlf+ B& Se`looekmg}blkp+ Ke~ Mefjb8 Obkbp}sr ld Uscgk Meteflqoek}& Gunup} 72:2+ 75+ ]je sefetgk} G`}p gse }je dlffl~bkn8 ]gobf Kgmu Uscgk Fl`gf Clmbep G`} 722: Ogmjrg igmepj Oukb`bqgf}}bep G`} *gp goekmem bk 722=" Jgsrgkg Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blkp G`} 722= U}}gs Qsgmepj Uscgk Fl`gf Pefd/Nlteskoek} Fg~p *Goekmoek}" G`} 722=+
Cbff Kl+
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jgm me`ek eppek`e SgH Bkp}}
gkm uk
~ek} lk
ek} Mecg}ep }je ]^l Cbfffp
u`bkn }je Qgk`jgrg} Cbff& SgHbt Ngkmjb }je lqqls}ukb}r }l ukdlfm jbp t}pblk dls }blk+ Je jgm pgbm }jek }jg} #}jlunj }je meol`sg`r ~gp efe`}blkp& dls Qgk`jgrg}b lkp djer jgm ceek jlqefeppfr bssenufgs ]je pbke wug klk ld sepqlfspfte lk bp sepqlkpbcfb}r }l }je efe`}lsg}e#+ Je efgclsg}e8 #G ~bme `jgpo peqgsg}em }je ld }je efe`}lsg}e dslo pogff kuoces ld
gsnep} B}p efe`}em }g}btep+ ]jbp ngq jgp ceek l``uqbem cr }je csliesp+ }je obmmfeskek gkm tep}em bk}esep}p+ ls }je obku}ep} oukb`bqgf duk`}blk& qelqfe jgte jgm }l suk gslukm dbkmbkn qesplkp ~b}j }je sbnj} `l lk+ ^e jgte `loe }l }jbp Jlupe gd}es `l pbmesg}blk gkm g kg}blkgf me}fg}e+ }em bk jbp}lsr bk ~jb`j ltes fL&LLL efe`}em gkm lddf seqsepek}g}btep ld Qgk`jgrg} clmbep& P}g}e ddf`bgfp& }g}e Obkbp}esp& @jbed Obkfp}esp gkm l}jesp jgm qgs}b }em+ ^b}j }je qgppgne ld }jbp Cbff }je qgk`jgrg ~lufm eoesne gp dbso cubfmbkn cfl`i ld }blk gkm meteflqoek}+ ]je Cbff ~lufm }jek gflknpbme gkl}jes nseg} etek}& b+e+ }je }gie b}p ekg`}oek ld }je @lkp}b}u}blk& gp gk bkp}suoek} bk }je `lkpl mg}blk ld meol`sg`r g} }je nsgpp sle}p+#s
Qgsfbgoek} Mecg}ep }fe
=f
]je Qgk`jgrg} Cbff dg`em ou`j lqqlpb}blk& etek g} }}se p}gne ld bk}slmu`}blk b}pefd& ~j}`j dl`upem lk }jsee oghls qlbk}p+ Pbk`e qgk`jgrg}p gkm fl`gf pefd/ nlteskoek} ~ese bk }je P}g}e fbp}& }je dfsp} lcHe`}blk ~gp gclu} }je fenbpfg}bte `loqe}ek`e ld Qgsfbgoek} }l cr gmmbkn `lkpbmes pu`j cbff+ ]je pe`lkm ~gp g ke~ qgs} gkm qsltbmbkn `lkp}b}u}blkgf p}g}up }l qgk`jgrg}p gkm oukb`bqgfb}bep& }je Goekmoek} Cbff ~gp gf}esbkn }je cgpb` deg}usep ld }je @lkp}b}u}blk+ ]je }jbsm lche`}blk ~gp }jg} }je SgHbt Ngkmjb nlteskoek}& kegmkn }je ekm ld b}p }eso& ~gp peefmkn }l ogie qlfb}b`gf `gqb}gf lu} ld gk bff}fplsr fen}pfg}blk ~jb`j ~gp bk dg`} kl olse }jgk pe} ld nubmefbkep+ Ogmju Mgkmgtg}e& Mbkepj Nlp~gor& Hgbqgf Semmr gkm Plokg}j @jg}}esHee fem }je g}}g`i bk }je Fli Pgcjg+3 Mgkmgtg}e pgbm }jg} }jese ~gp ukgkbskb}r bk }je `luk}sr lk }je keem dls me`ek}sgfbpg}blk gkm metlfu}blk ld ql~esp }l qgk`jgrg}p+ Jl~etes& }je olmup lqesgkmb ~gp ~b}j }je P}g}e nlteskoek} gkm Qgsfbgoek} jgm kl `loqe}ek`e }l fenbpfg}e lk }je pucHe`}+ Mgkmgtg}e gfpl wuep}blkem }je ~bpmlo ld qgk`jgrg} }je Efe`}blk @loobppblk efe`}blkp gkm }je @GN gumb}bkn b}p g``luk}p9 }jepe ~lufm lkfr bk`segpe `ek}sgfbpg}blk+ Mbkepj Nlp~gor sedessem }l }je tbe~p ld }je Pgsigsbg @loobppblk& ~jb`j jgm nlke bk}l }je wuep}blk ld p}sekn}jekbkn qgk`jgrg}b sgh bkp}b}u}blkp& gkm bmek}bdbem }jsee gf}eskg}btep+]je fbsp} ~gp dls }je @ek}sgf nlteskoek} }l qseqgse olmef cbff+ ne} b} ekmlspem fk }je Bk}es/ P}g}e @luk`bf gkm }jek usne }je P}g}ep }l ekg`} }je pgoe8 }je pe`lkm ~gp dls Qgsfbgoes+s} }l qgpp fg~ ~b}j qsbls `lkpek} ld }je P}g}ep9 gkm }je }jbsm gf}eskg}bte& ~jb`j }je Pgsigsbg @loobppblk mbm kl} dgtlus+ ~gp }l goekm }je @lkp}b}u}blk+ Mbkepj
=3
Qlues }l }je Qelqfe<
Nlp~gor gsnuem
gu}jlsb}r
}jg} bk p}rfe gkm pucp}gk`e& }je
Cbff ~gp gk eslpblk ld }je mlogbsf gkm
}je P}g}e nlteskoek}p& gkm }jese 1lufm ceklm }blk }l qgk`jgrg}p bd }je sbn}f}p ld }je Pg gse kl} sepqe`}em+ Plokg}j @jg}}eshee se`gffem ~jl jgm pgbm }jg} }je #fenbpfg}bte gkm }fte gu}jlsb}r bp qgs}b}bljem ce}~eess }je @ek}se }je P}g}e+ ]je @ek}se `gkkl} ct b}p ~bff gf}es }je mgsbep ld }jg} qgs}b}blk#+0 @jg}}eyee gfpl qlbk}em }jg} }je qslqlpem cbff ~gp lkfr pe} ld mbse`}blkp gkm gpiem ~jg} }je @ek}se `lufm ml bd P}g}e mbm kl} g`}+ Hgbqgf Semmr g``upem }je Sghbt Ngkmjb teskoek} ld pusseq}b}blupfr }srbkn }l bk}slmu`e }jbsm }bes+ }l }jepe qlbk}p& Pjgkigsgkgkm& SgHbt Ngkmjb.p `lffegnue }k }je @gcbke}& gsnuem }jg} Qgsfbgoek jgm gk bkjesek} `loqe}ek`e }l ekg`} Goekmoek}+ ^je}jed }je Cbff gf}esem }je cgpb` `}use ld }je @lkp}b}u}flk ls kl} ~gp og}}es ld sse}g}flk+ Je gfpl gsnfsem }jg} dufdfffbkn }je pe} dls}j bk }je Goekmoek} Cbff ~lufm ceg sepqlkpbcbfb}r gkm dgbfuse lk }jg} g``luk} goluk} }l dgbj/fse }l mbp`jgsne lcfbng}blkp+ Cl}j sufbkn qgs}r gkm }je Lqqlpb}blk jgm BBsem lqekfkn pgftlp+ B} ~gp }boe dls }je F&li Pgcjg }l B}p puooes csegi+ ]je Cbff bp qu} }jslunj f}p Qg`ep ^jek se`lktekem dls }je olkpllk peppblk& Kgngsqgfbig Goekmoek} Cbff& fgceffem gp }je 45}j ssekmoek}& ~gp segmr gkm ~gp bk}slmfs+s`em bk }je Pgcjg lk Gunup} 72:2+ Bk}slmu`bkn }je Cfff& Sghbt eoqjgpbpem ploe ld }je qlbk}p lk
Qgsfbgoek} Mecg}ep }je ]upl Cbffp
=0
me`ek}sgfbpg}blk ~jb`j je jgm ogme egsfbes ~jbfe bk}slmu`bkn }je Qgk`jgrg} Cbff+ ]je mecg}e bk }je B/li }je cg}}fe Pgcjg g} }jg} }boe jgm jefqem }l B}kep ce}~eek }je @lknsepp gkm }je Lqqlpb}blk qgs}bep+ Ploe sepegs`j ~gp mlke gclu} qgp} qslqlpgfp ogme cr ploe ld }je Lqqlpb}blk qgs}bep& ~jb`j ~ese pbobfgs
fk pucp}gk`e }l }jlpe `lk}gbkem bk }je Goekmoek} Cbffp+ SgHbt Ngkmjb `jlpe }l ce fepp p}sbmek} gkm
`lkdslk}g}blkgf bk bk}slmu`bkn }je Kgngsqgfbig Cbff+g Je pgbm kl qgs}r bk Bkmbg `lufm `fgbo gk ukcfeobpjem @lknsepp se`lsm bk fl`gf pefd/nlteskoek}+ Cl}j gkm klk/@lknsepp nlteskoek}p jgte g``loqfbpj/ oek}p gp ~eff gp dgffusep }l }jebs g``luk}+ @lkdessbkn g `lkp}b}u}blkgf p}g}up lk oukb`bqgfb}bep& je qlbk}em lu}& ~gp meogkm kl} ukikl~k }l }je Lqqlpb}blk qgs}fep+ Je se`gffem }jg} bk Decsugsr 72:2. hlbk} oee}bkn ld }je @ek}sgf @luk`bf ld Fl`gf Pefd/ ld Ogrlsp. Nlteskoek} gkm }je Gff Bkmbg ~jese }je seqsepek}g}btep ld }je ]efunu Mepgo qgs}r. }je fed} dslk} bk Iesgfg gkm }je @QO bk ^ep} Cekngf
@lkp}b}u}blkgf ~ese qsepek}& jgm Goekmoek}+p Je gfpl wul}em dslo }je @gf`u}}g @lsqlsg}blk.p }ep}bolkr cedlse }je @jgsfep @lsseg
`luk}sr ~emmem }l nsgpp sll} meol`sg`r oup} cfepp b}p fl`gf bkp}b}u}blkp ~b}j `lkp}b}u}blkgf p}g}up9 b} ~lufm ce ou`j olse oegkbknduf bd }je sufep& duk`}blkp gkm sepqlkpbcbfb}bep gse `lkp}b}u}blkgffr medbkem+#4 bk}slmu`bkn b}eop fbie mbp}sb`} fetef qfgkkbkn. P}g}e dfkgk`e `loofppblkp gkm oe}slqlfb}gk qfgkkbkn ~jb`j jgm kl} ceek bk`fumem bk }je Qgk`jgrg} Cbff& SgHbt Ngkmjb qslHe`}em }je Kgngsqgfbig Cbff gp `loqgkblk qbe`e ld }je Qgk`jgrg} Cbff gkm `fgboem }lne}jes }je }~l ~lufm qsltbme olse `loqfe}e @loobppblk ~jf`j
p}g}em
==
qsep`sbq Sghbt ogp}esfp eflwuek ~jek #}jsegm oengql
me`ek
Fli Ou`j }je F&li de~olk
Qlupes }l }}fe Qelqfe<
dls me`ek}sgfbpg}blk+ Gp pqee`j ~sb}es dls Ogkb Pjgkigs jefqem }l efgclsg}e jbp egp ~b}j ou`j dfuek`r& l``gpblkgffr }je dgs ez`eembkn }je pucp}gk`e/dls bkp}gk`e bt Ngkmjb pgbm }je Goekmoek}p ~lufm dgs}jep} susgf }l }je fgsnep} bk sumsgipjgogfg ld meol`sg`t gkm k+#
Gqqsltep }je ]~l Cbffp }jbp eflwuek`e ~gp flp} sg}jes sgqbmfr bk ce`gupe ~b}jbk }je pjls} pqg`e ld ce}~eek Ogr gkm Gunup} 72:2& }je ogie/ uq gkm ld }je Jlupe `jgknem+ Pbk`e nekesgf efe`}blkp ese ezqe`}em egsfr bk }je dlffl~bkn reGs }je qqlpb}bl qgs}bep ~ese me}esobkem kl} }l fe} @lknsepp ngbk gkr qlfb}b`gf gmtgk}gne dslsk }je me`ek pg}blk bkb}bg}bte+ ]je Cldlsp `lk}sltespr ep`gfg} bk }je oegk}boe gkm gclu} jukmsem Lqqlpb}bl OQp sepbnkem+ ]jlunj }je sepbnkg}blkp ~ese kl} sogffr g``eq}em cr }je Pqegieg }jepe Oqp dslo }je Jlupe gkm lkfr de~ Lqqlpb}blk oeocesp fbie Prem Pjgjgcummbk gkm Cgkg}~gfg g`}ugffr }je fli Pgcjg+ ]jebs l~k lqql-b}blk }l }je Cbff ~gp ou}em gkm dl`upem olse lk bkmbtbmugf sltbpbl Lk Gunup} 72:2& cl}j }je 4=}j gkm 45}j Go kmoek} Cbffp +~ese }giek }lne}jek dls `lkpbm Gclu} ebnj}r oeocesp qgs}b`bqg}em& cu} bk }je ld }je Lqqlpb}blk p}gf~gs}p& }je m₦cg}e ~gp olp lke pbmem+ Pqegiesp dslo }je @lknsepp cek`jep& }j de~ ez`eq}blkp+ dlffl~em }je slu}bke ld euflnbp SgHbt Ngkmjb gkm jegqbkn cfgoe lk }je Lqqlpb}b k+ Lk fenbpfg}bte `lskqe}ek`e gkm `lkp}b}u}b }r& qlbk}em lu} }jg} }je
Qgs}bkoek} Mecg}ep }je ]}sl Cbffp
=5
tesr ffsp} Gs}f`fe ld }je @lkp}b}u}blk mep`sbcem Bkmbg gp .g ukblk ld p}g}ep# gkm kl} #ukblk ld p}g}ep& oukb`fqgfb}bep gkm qgk`jgrg}p#+ ]jesedlse }je Goekmoek}p ~lufm gf}es }jbp cgpb` deg}use+ Je gfpl gsnuem }jg} ~jbfe }jese ~gp kl `lk}sltespr bk }je `luk}sr gclu} ogibkn }je fl`gf bkp}b}u}blkp edde`}bte gkm sepqlkpbte& }je @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmoek} Cbffp jgm ceek `lk`ebtem gkm mefbtesem bk jussr+ Je `jgsg`}esbpem SgHbt Ngkmjb gp fg}es mgr @lfuocup mbp`ltesbkn }je qgk`jgrg}p ~jek }jer jgm ceek bk ezbp}ek`e dls me`gmep+ #B go kl} jese }l og}`j gkm `gkkl} og}`j }je eflwuek`e ld }je Qsboe Obkbp}es#& je pgbm+ #B jgte kl njlp} ~sb}esp+ jgte bk}slmu`em kuoces ldGoekmoek}p gkm B jlqe }je Qsboe Obkbp}es ~lufm `lkpbmes }jeo gp p}g}epogk sg}jes }jgk gp qlfb}f`fgk+#] Ploe ld }je Goekmoek}p }jg} Pjgjgcummbk gkm de~ l}jesp jgm punnep}em plunj} }je pucp}b}u}blk ld }Hfe ~lsm #nlteskls# cr }je ~lsmp .p}g}e nlteskoek}.& }je tep}bkn ld tgsblup sepqlkpbcbfb}bep ukmes }je qslqlpem Goekmoek} olse `fegsfr lk P}g}e fenbpfg}usep& gkm qsltbpblk dls seqsepek}g}blk ld }je OQp lkfr bk }je mbp}sb`} qgk`jgrg}+ Puf}gk L~gbpb se`gffem }je cb}}es ezqesbek`e ld Jrmesgcgm ~jese efe`}blkp ~ese jefm gd}es }~ek}r/}~l regsp+ Jgsllcjgb
Oej}g ~gk}em }je Cbff }l ce olse pqe`bdb` bk se`lnkbpbkn }je efe`}em ogrls gp }je eze`u}bte
gu}jls}}r crfqsltbmbkn dls Ogrls/bk/@luk`bf sg}jes }jgk tep}bkn }je eze`u}bte ql~esp bk gk gqqlbk}em @loobppblkes+ Cjghgkfgf gkm Oljpbkg Ibm~gb sepqlkmem }l }je mecg}e+ Pb}}bkn fg}e bk }je etekbkn ld FL Gunup} 72:2& }je Fli Pgcjg keng}btem }je goekmoek}p qslqlpem cr }je klk/@lknsepp oeskcesp
Ql}ues }l }}e Qelqfe<
gkm SgHrg
}je Cbffp& ~jb`j ~ese }jek sedessem }l }je
jg&E
]je Dg}e ld }je Cbffp bk Sghrg Pgcjg Kez} }je p`eke pjbd}em }l }je SgHrg -gcjg ~jek }je Goekmoek} Cbffp gp qgppem cr }je Fli Pgcjg fgbm lk }je }gcfe+ ]je mecg}e `looek`em lk 7= gkm }je Lqqlpb}blk jegtrstebnj}p fbie Nusu Cgfgkgkmgk gkm Uqekmsg ~ese segmr+p }je g}}g`i Nusuqgmgp~gor gpiem ~jese }j nlteskoek} ~gp gff }jepe dls}r regsp ~jek fl`gf pefd/ jgm ce`loe p}slkG segfb}t bk P}g}ep Gkmjsg Qsgmepj& Igskg}gig gkm Iesgfg+ ]jepe }ep suk cr }je Lqqlpb}blk qgs}bep jgm meolkp }jg} ~jg} ~gp keemem dls k ~gp kl} @lkp}b}u}flkgf Goekmoek} cu} qlfb}b ~bff gkm qlfb}b`gf fegmespjbq+ Uqekmsg ~lkmesem ~jr }je nlteskoek} ~gp bk pu`j juss5s pbk`e }je sl`epp ld qgppbkn }je Cbffp& sg}bff`g}blk cr }je P}g gkm qsepbmek}bgf gppek} ~lufm }gie }je mg}e }l ls cerlkm cr ~jb`j }boe }je Sghbt Ngkmjb nltesko k} ~lufm jgte `egpem ezbp}+ Ploe oeocesp gfpl gppgbfem }je gocbtgfek`e ld }je @lknsepp nlteskoek} qlbk}bkn lu} }jg} ~jek }je nlteskoek} pek} `loq}sejekpbte fg~ lk Qgk`jgrg Sgh bk 72:0 dls lc}gbkbwn }je Qsepbmek}.p gppek}& @ek}sgf nlteskoek} jgm ieq} b} qekmbkn }bff 72:5+ Pgc& }je Igbkg}gig Qgk`jgrg} Obskbp}es jgm }jse }jse }l nl lk jsbsknes p}sbie gkm g/d}es ou qlfb}}`gf qseppuse }je Q}epbmek}.p g-pek}
`lk}fkuem jbp g}}g`i ~jek }je SgHrg lk 74 Gunup}& eoqjgpbpbkn }je qlbk} }jg} metlfu}blk }l fl`gf clmbep `lufm kl} ce bk
Uqek Pgcjg
Qgs}bgoek} Mecg}ep }}e ]}f}l Cbffp
=>
bplfg}blk cu} pjlufm ce qse`emem ls g``loqgkbem cr metlfu}blk dslo }je @ek}se }l }je P}g}ep+ Je gfpl qlbk}em lu} }jg} }je Qsboe Obkbp}es jbopefd ~gp lk be`lsm }jg} Gkmjsg Qsgmepj& Igskg}gig& ]gobf Kgmu. gkm ^ep} Cekngf jgm mlke ou`j fk sengsm }l qgk`jgrg}f sgh bkp}b}u}blkp+ Bd pl& je `lufm kl} ukmesp}gkm }je mbp}sup} ld }je P}g}e nlteskoek}p ~jb`j peeoem }l jgte qsloq}em }je @ek}se }l csbkn uq }je Cbffp+ Uqekmsg gmmem dls nllm oegpuse }jg} }je Kgngsqgfbig Cbff `lk}gbkem ploe sg}jes #dukkr# qsltbpflkp/pu`j gp ^gsm @loob}}ee gkm Xlkgf @loob}}ee/gkm }jg} je gppuoem #ploe cusegu`sg}p
~jl mbm kl} ikl~ gkr}jbkn gclu} oukb`bqgf
gmo}kbp}sg}blk# oup} jgte msgd}em }je Cbff+}l Gmtgkb ~gp gkl}jes qslobkek} Lqqlpb}blk fegmes ~jl qgs}b`}qg}em bk }je Sghrg Pgcjg mecg}e. Je lcpestem }jg} }jlpe ~jl puqqls}em }je Cbff jgbfem b} gp jbp}lsb`& ~jbfe }jlpe ~jl ~ese lqqlpem sengsmem b} gp mbgclfb`gf metb`e }l upusq }je ql~esp ld }je P}g}e+ Je g}}sbcu}em }jbp `lk}sltespr }l fkeq} jgkmfbkn cr }je nlteskoek} bk qseqgsbkn }je Cbff gkm csbknbkn b} }l Qgsfbgoek} ~b}jlu} olcbfbpbkn `lkpekpup lk eppek}fgf qlbk}p+ Gmtgkb def} }jg} ukgkbob}r lk ploe ld }je eppek}fgf deg}usep ld }je Cbff `lufm jgte ceek g`jbetem bd }je nlteskoek} jgm pl mepbsem. Jbp l~k qgs}r jgm ceek usnbkn @lkp}b}u}blkgf p}g}up dls qgk`jgrg} clmbep dls flkn }boe. Bk dg`}& gp lk mg}e. lu} ld gclu} >3 `lsqlsg}blkp bk }je `luk}sr. 0>& ~jb`j ~ese olp}fr bk @lknsepp sufem P}g}ep& ~ese puqespemem+ Je def} }jg} }je Goekmoek} Cbff ~gp gk ezes`fpe }l `lsse`} }je me`fbkbkn bogne ld }je Qsboe Ofkbp}es gkm ~gp kl}jbkn olse }jgk gk efe`}blk nboob`i+ Bk `lk`fupblk& je lddesem }jsee punnep}blkp. L}}+ ([}## }l seqfg`e }je ~lsm .P}g}e nlteskoek}.~b}j
Ql~es }l }je qelqfe<
}je pe`lkm ~gp }l dlffl~ }je Pgsigsbg
Bd }jepe }je Cbff
lk.p se`looekmg}blk lk me`ek}sgfbpg}blk+ punnep}blkp ~ese kl} g``eq}gcfe }l }je }& }je }jbsm `luspe lqek ~lufm ce sedes Pefe`} @loob}}ee gp qslqlpem cr Pg}rg
ff Qsgigpj ]je ecg}e bk }je Sghrg Pgcjg mbm kl} `lk}bkue gp }je upe ~gp gmhluskem pbke mbe lk fn Gunup}+ ^jek b} se`lktekem lk L`}lces& Sghbt Ngkmjb
ogme p}g}eoek} bk }je Jlupe }je bk}slmu lk ld }je Kejss+ Slxngs Rlhgkg *KSr"+73 ]je KSR qsepek}em gp qgsgffef qslnsgooe }l }je Hg~gjgs Rlhgkg *HSR" ~jb`j jgm lqesg}em dls ploe bk susgf gsegp+ Sghbt Ngkmjb jgm jlqem }jg} }je }~l qslnsgooep fguk`jem bk }je tegs ld }je ~gne
fl~/bk }sgbkbkn deg}usep jgm ogm ^jbfe }je gkm }je dls
bpklm
`lk`ebtem @lkp}b
ukboq ~jb`j
Kejsu.+
Kejsu.p `ek}ekgsr ~lufm jefq }l sebjdls`e /uscgk fbkip gkm ce`loe etek}ugffr `loolk dls cl}j }l~k gkm `luk}sr+ Uscgk flroek}& jlupbkn& pjef}es uqnsgmgUlk dls dgobfbep& ob`sl ek}esqsbpe- gkm pefd/eoqflroek} ~ese }l ce }je qsbk`bqgf }je KSR+ Egsfbes bk }je mgr& Sghbt Ngkmjb pbobfgs gkkluk`eoesk} fk }je f&li Pgcjg+ efeoek}p ld }je qslnsgdbske ~ese -lukm 8m dls pu`j qslnsgooe p}slknfr gqqgsek} ~b}j }je gffetbg}blk ld uscgk qltes}r& }jese }je dg`} }jg} }je qslnsgooe ~gp bk jussr gp qgs} ld p}sg}enr }l ++peff# }je kgf Goekmoek}+ ]je Sghrg Pgcjg ~gp Pl ~ese }je ke~pqgqesp }je kez} mgr }je eddls} gp .Susgf Hg~gjgs./ +B\}sscgk
}je }bobkn ~ek} g~sr+ ]je Sghrg Pgcjg ~b}keppem mgffr p`ekep ld g`sbolkr gp }je Lqql-b}blk
Qgsfbgoek} Mecg}ep }je ]}ul CbBBp
=2
meogkmem }je booembg}e sepbnkg}blk ld }je nlteskoek} lk g``luk} ld }je Cldlsp `lk}sltespr. Ketes}jfepp& ploe qgsfbgoek}gsr cupbkepp `lk}bkuem gkm }je mecg}e lk }je Qgk`jgrg} gkm Kgngsqgfbig
Cbffp ~gp `gssbem lk+ Ousgplfb Ogsgk& ~jl ~lufm ce`loe }je Uscgk Meteflqoek} Obkbp}es bk }je
pu``eppls nlteskoek}& `lkpbmesem }je }~l Cbffp }l ce g.tbs}ugf ~gs. lk }je P}g}ep+}0]je Cbffp ~ese lkfr }je }bq ld gk }`ecesn `lk`egfbkn fl} ld jbmmek skbp`jbed je def} gkm }je P}g}ep ~ese ezqe`}em }l }le }je fbke ld }je @ek}se bk keemfepp ukbdlsob}r. Sgo He}jogfgkb& ~jl ~lufm l``uqr Kbsogk Cjg~gk kbke regsp fg}es& }jukmesem }jg} }je ~jlfe g}}b}ume gkm }je qjbflplqjr cejbkm }je oegpusep ~gp ukmepbsgcfe& }je }bobkn gkm ol}btg}blk jbnjfr lche`}blkgcfe& gkm }je ogkkes bk ~jb`j }je oegpuse ~gp cebkn qslhe`}em gkm qsepek}em }l }je qelqfe ld Bkmbg gfolp} lcp`eke+ Bk jbp tbe~& }je Sghbt Ngkmjb nlteskoek} ~gp f₦uke mu`i gkm jgm kl olsgf gu}jlsb}r }l }bkies ~b}j }je @lkp}b}u}flk+ Je gfpl ol`iem }je bmeg ld HSR gkm KSR gp bd }jer ~ese nbd}p dslo }je Kejsu dgobfr+ @jb}}g Cgpu& }je te}esgk Dls~gsm Pfl`i fegmes lqqlpem }je Cbffp bk qsbk`bqfe ce`gupe }jer qgppem lk gff sepqlkpbcbfb}r }l }je P}g}ep cu} `us}gbfem }jebs sbnj}p+ Je g``upem }je nlteskoek} ld bnklsbkn }je Gplig Oej}g gkm Pgsigsbg @loob}}ee se`looekmg}blkp+ @jg}usgkgkm Obpjsg `lk`emem }jg} senufgs efe`}blkp gkm sepestg}blkp dls P@,P] ~ese nllm qsltbpblkp cu}
pe}}bkn uq P}g}e Dbkgk`e @loobppblkp ~b}jlu} qsltbpblk ld metlfu}blk dslo }je `lkplfbmg}em dukm ld Bkmbg ~gp ]je mecg}e bk }je Sghrg Pgcjg jgm gff }je `jgsg`}esbp}b`p ld Nseei }sgnemr+ Pbk`e }je }~l oegpusep ~ese @lkp}b}u}blkgf Cbffp. g} etesr p}gne.
51
Qlues }l }}e Delqfe<
p}gs}bkn dslo }je ol}blk }l `lkpbmes }je Cbffp+ b} sewubsem }~l/}jbsm oghlsb}r ld }jlpe qsepek} gkm tl}bkn+ bt Ngkmjb def} }jg} je `lufm ploejl~ p`sgMe }jslunj }je qsl`epp+ ]je Lqqlpb}blk lk }je l}jes jgkm me}esobkem }l cfl`i }je Cbffp g} etesr p}gne+ ike~ }jg} }je }eso ld }je kbk}j Fli Pgcjg ~lufm }l `flpe cr }je ekm ld }je regs+ ^jbfe }je g``upem }je nltessfoek} ld sepls}bkn }l lk }je ete ld }je efe`}blkp b}p l~k cejgtbl gfpl sedfe`}em ieek ere lk }je dls}j`lobkn efe`}blkp Gp }je mecg}e oltem lk }l L`}lces f0}j+ }jese nekesgf ezqe`}g}blk }jg} }jbp ~lUfm ce }je fgp} }eo ld cupbkepp gkm }jesegd}es }je Jlupe ~lufm cgcfr ce gmhluskem pbke mbe+ Sghbt Ngkmjb me`bmem }l nbte gff }jg} je jgm puqqls} ld }je C}ffp+ Gp }je Sghrg Pgcjg me`bmem `gsws lk ~b}j }je mecg}e }bff }je fg}e jlusp ld }je et SgHbt Ngkmjb.p `jgk`e }l seqfr `goe q+o Ukfbie }je Fli Pgcjg ~jese }je gslukm qgs}r jgm `lodls}gcfe oghlsb}r gkm gkr ld jbp ~lufm jgte ceek flp} bk g``fgbo& Sgbbt Ngkmjb }l ce fepp `locg}bte bk }je SgHrg Pgcjg+ Je jgm ogspjgf jbp gsnuoek}p `gseduffr gkm cgfgk`e ~b}j sep}sgbk}+ Je p}gs}em cr sedessbkn }l }je hrg Pgcjg mecg}e gp #ploe}boep p}lsot& bk`bpbte& ploe}boep sedfe`}bte cu} g} gff }boep g mecg}e ~jb`j ~bff gmlsk }je }ez} cllip ld `lkp}b kgf jbp}lsr ld }je `luk}sr#+ Se`lnkbpbkn }jg} }je cg}e jgm setegfem nekesgf g``eq}gk`e ld meol`sg`r gkm ogzbouYk metlfu}blk& qsl`ee`f }l megf ~b}j }je pl/`gffem `lk}sltespbep lk husbpmb`}b k& `loqe}ek`e& pucp}gk`e gkm qlfb}b`gf qslqsbe}r+ Je gppes}em }jg} }je Cbffp mbm kl} ls gcsbmn }je husbpmb`}blk ld }je P}g}ep bk gkt ~gt
Qgsf}goek} Mecg}ep }je
Cbfc
5f
gkm }je P}g}e Fbp} ~gp kl} cebkn gf}esem+ Je Hup}bffem ukbdlso p}su`}use dls qgk`jgrg}p gkm kgngsqgf}igp
lk }je nslukm }jg} }je qg}}esk gkm mensee ld
kl} mbddes dslo lke qgs} ld }je `luk}sr }l gkl}jes+ Je seb}esg}em }jg} #~jbfe ~e `efecsg}e }je bk}effe`}ugf& pqbsb}ugf gkm `uf}usgf mbtespb}r ld }je `luk}sr& pl`bgf }rsgkkr gkm meol`sg`r pjlufm
puqqseppflk jgm }l ce ekmem ukbdlsofr gkm }jg} fp qlppbcfe lkfr bd }je p}su`}use bp cslgmfr ukbdlso+#sp Lk }je wuepdflk ld qslqsbe}r& bk qgs}b`ufgs }je `loqfgbk} }jg} }je Qsfoe Obkbp}es jgm mgsem }l }u8}esg`} mfse`}fr ~f}j }je MOp& Sghft Ngkmjb gpiem #~jg} s}nj} jgp }je Qmoe Obkbp}es }l seogbk gp Qsboe Obkbp}es& bd je `gkkl} deef g} jloe gkm }gfi }l gkrlke bk gkr qgs} ld }je `luk}sr<# Je me`fgsem }jg} }jese ~gp kl}jfkn `fgkmep}bke gclu} jbp `lkpuf}g}blkp+ ^jek je oe} }je MOp bk Ogmjrg Qsgmepj& @jbed Obkfp}es Ol}b Fgf Tlsg jgm Hlbkem jbo+ G} pbobfgs etek} bk Gkmjsg Qsgmepj& K+]+ Sgog Sgl sedupem+ pgooefgk ld }je qgk`jgrg}b sgh seqsepek}g}btep ~gp jefm g} @gf`u}}g ~b}j Hrl}b Cgpu.p `llqesg}blk+ ]je `lkpuf}g}flkp ~ese lqek& dsgki gkm dsee ~b}j etesrlke `lk`eskem+ Gppgbfbkn }je tbe~ }jg} }jepe bkf}bg}btep ~ese }ll
`flpe
}l }je qlffp& Sghbt Ngkmjb seobkmem
jfp
lqqlkek}p }jg} #~e ~ese efe`}em dls dbte regsp gkm }Hse
qslnsgooe dls me`ek}sgfbpg}blk jgm ceek oghls qfgki ld }je nlteskoek} etes pbk`e b} gppuksem ldff`e bk 72:5#+ fk jbp Hgkugsr 72:5 cslgm`gp} gp ~eff gp }je @lknsepp @ek}ekgsr oee}bkn bk Ouocgb bk Me`eoces 72:5& }je qslnsgooe dls me`ek}sgfbpg}blk jgm ceek ogme ikl~k+ Sepqlkpbte gmobkbp}sg}flk }je 3l/Qlbk} Qslnsgooe bk ~gp gfpl bk`fumem Gunup} 72:4+ ]je pegs`j dls ogkgnesbgf gkm oegkbknduf plfu}blkp }l }je qslcfeop ld uksepqlkpfte
Dl~es }l }}ue ilqfe<
53
s}blk jgm gff gflkn ceek
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nlteskgk ]je pu csbcesr&
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Qg}fbgoek}Mecg}ep }je ]cl Cbffp
50
bktb}e gff pe`}blkp ld }je jlupe }l gmlq} dls `lkpbmesbkn }je Cbff gkm }jeseg/d}es gp b} jgp ceek qgppem cr }je f/li Pgcjg
kgngsqgfbig+
}jb
ekmlspe b} gfsegmr+#4 Gp }je Jlupe qseqgsem }l tl}e lk }je ol}blk dls }je Cbffp ke~ `lk}sltespr gslpe+ Sedessbkn }l ploe obkbp}esp ~jl ~ese qsepek} }je Jlupe }jlunj ~ese kl} oeocesp ld }je Sghrg Pgcjg& Gmtgkb pgbm }jg} b} ~lufm ce mepbsgcfe }jer tl}fkn }lli qfg`e+ ]je ]segpusr cek`jep }lli }jbp gp gk gddslk}+ Pjlu}bkn gkm mbp`lsm gngbk }jseg}ekem }l mbpsuq} Jlupe+ Dbkgffr& }je ol}blk }l `lkpfmes }je 4=}j gkm 45}j @l[&p}b}u}blk Goekmoek} Cbffp ~gp qu} }l tl}e+ ]jese ~ese :0 Klp gkm 75> Gren& }jsee pjls} ld }je sewubseoek} ld }je }~l/}jfsm ogHlsb}r ld }je }l}gf ld 3=L oeocesp qsepek} gkm tl}bkn+ ]je ol}blk ~gp me`fgsem medeg}em g} 0f ofku}ep qgp} obmkbnj} ld 70 L`}lces 72:2+ ]je Jlupe }jek gmHluskem pbke mbe+}> Msgd}bkn fg~p bp ld}ek sengsmem gp oukmgke gkm uk}kpq}sbkn ezes`bpe& ld `lk`esk lkfr }l fg~resp gkm cusegu`sg}p+ ]je qseqgsg}blk ld }je 4=}j gkm }je 45}j Goekmoek} Cbffp ~gp gk ez`eq}blk+ De~ Cbffp jgm se`eftem pl ou`j me}gbfem g}}ek}blk lk pucp}gk`e dslo }je jbnjep} fetefp ld qlfb}b`gf gkm cusegu`sg}b` fegmespjbq+ Ogkb Pjgkigs kl} ceek oesefr olu}jqbe`e ld SgHbt Ngkmjb cu} g `lkp`blup gkm }bsefepp qgs}b`bqgk} bk }je ezes`bpe+ Cl}j Qgkmer gkm gp ~eff gp lus `lffegnuep lus }~l obkbp}sbep jgm ~lsiem tesr jgsm musbkn }je qsetblup de~ olk}jp& kl~ b} peeoem gff lus `ddls}p jgm `loe klunj}+ Cu} Ce}~eek Ogr gkm L`}lces ~gp kl} 72:2 gp }je mecg}ep qsl`eemem bk }je Fli Pgcjg gkm qucfb` mecg}e bk SgHrg Pgcjg& }jese ~gp gfpl
5=
Qlues }l }je Delqfe<
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Kbsogf
jgm bmek} ld }je Hgkg}g Mgf& @loob}}ee ukmes }je `jgbsogkcjbq ld gf+ dlsoes @jbed Obkbp}e} ld Igskg}gig ~b}j Hgbk& Neldne Og}jetd& C+I+ uigsHf& gkm I+P+ Isbpjkgp~got gp oe}ocesp+
Qgsfbgkek} Mecg}ep }je ]}ul Cbffp
MM
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Ql~es }l}}e d}lqfe<
54
KL]EP
ji B&lI
cr bk}slm Ogr
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g}j @jg}}eshee& OQ musbkn mecg}e lk }je ld }je 4=}j @lkp}b}u}bls}gf Goekmoesf} Cbff+
F+li Pgcjg Mecg}ep+
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ld P+ Pjgjgcummbk& OQ bk Fli Pgcjg+ Mecj}e lk }je 4= gkm 45}j @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmoek} Cbff& munup} 72:2+
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Qgsfblktek} Mecg}ep }je ]ful Cbffp
B2+ Tesnjepe& }p+N+ #^b}j Mue @gse gkm @gu}blk#& fkmbgk Ezqsepp. Ke~ Mefjb& Huke B2:>+ Me`ek}sgfbpg}blk#& Seqls} lk 31+ (]je Cgpb`p ld Qgk`jgrg}p gkm Pefd Nlteskoek} ld }je @loob}}ee gqqlbk}em
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kl~ gcgkmlk me`ek}sgfbpg}blk m+p gk nekmg+ }je `lk}sgsr& }l p}sekn}jek }je demesgf p}su`}use sgf ce`goe gk boqls}gk} efeoek} ld }je D.slk} ogkbdep}l+ dslo ploe eppek}bgf b}eop fbie senufgsb}r ld efe`}flkp gkm lk ~jb`j qlfb}b`gf `lkpekpup ~gp gfsegmr }je KD nlteskoek} ~gk}em }l pjl~ }jg} olse `lk`bpe fenbpfg}blk& ~jb`j ^lufm `lkdes p}g}up lk fl`gf clmbep cu} g} }je
qsltbme eklunj dfezfcbfb}r }l -}g}e }l jgte }jebs l~k gkgkneoek}p& ~gp qlppbcfe+ Dls pu`j gk ekgcfbkn fenbpfg}blk }je
}jlunj} }}sg} b} ~gp kl} ke`eppgsr }l jgte }~l }e Cbffp+ ]je Cloogb @lsjob}}ee jgm gfpl dgtlusem }je 4=}j Goes}moek} Cbff gkm fk f}p qfg`e #gk bk}ensg}em gkm ~eff }jlunj} lu} qbe`e ld `lkp}b}u}blkgf fenbpfg}blk pqgsfkbkn fl`gf nlteskoek}p gkm `llqesg}btep#+ gp pu`j ~gp qes`eftem& gkm s}-j}}r
Nekeslf1fe`}blkp
gkm.Vd}es
52
pl& gp pbknfe lcHe`}fte& sefetgk} }l cl}j uscgk gkm susgf clmbep+ G``lsmbknfr. }je Fg~ Obkbp}sr ~gp gpiem }l qseqgse `loolk Cbff bkp}egm ld peqgsg}e tespblkp dslo }je ofkfp}sfep ld Susgf gkm Uscgk Meteflqoek}+ nsluq ld obkbp}esp& jegmem cr Pjsb Metf }.gf. me}eso}kem }je cslgm deg}usep ld }je fenbpfg}}lk+ oee}fkn ld }je @jbed Obkbp}esp ekmlspem }je qslqlpgfp.
Nlteskoek}.p @loqlpb}e Cbff ]je Lk Peq}eoces 722L& Mbkepj Nlp~gob& }je F&g~ Obkbp}es& bk}slmu`em bk }je F&li Pgcjg @loqlpb}e Cbff `ltesbkn cl}j }je Qgk`jgrg}p gkm }je Oukf`b/ qgfb}bep *Cbff Kl+754 ld f22L"+ ]je P}g}eoek} ld Lc/ kl} puc/ He`}p gkm Segplkp gqqekmem }l }je Cfff ~gp p}gk}bgffr m}ddesek} }l ~jg} jgm g``lskqgkbem }je Sghbt Ngkmjb msgd}p+ ]je gcpek`e ld senufgs efe`}blkp& qsl+/ flknem puqespeppblk& bkgmewug}e seqsepek}g}blk ld }je ~egies pe`}blkp& bkpuddd`bek} metlfu}blk ld ql~esp gkm fg`i ld dfkgk`bgf seplus`ep ~ese se`lnkbpem gp oghls medf`bek`bep+ Gp cedlse& bkpqbsg}flk ~gp }giek dslo Gs}b`fe =L ld }je @lkp}f}u}blk+ B} ~gp kl}em }jg} ~jbfe }jbp Mbse`}bte Qs}k`}qfe gqqfbem }l tbffgne qgk`jgrg}p. uscgk fl`gf clmbep pjlufm gfpl ce lsngk}pem }l ekgcfe }jeo }l duk`}flk gp ukf}p ld pefd/nlteskoek}+ ]je egsffes lcHe`}flkp gclu} }je `loqe}ek`e ld Qgsfbgoek} }l fenbpfg}e lk }je pucHe`} ~ese wube}fr qu} gpbme+ Gp fk }je `gpe ld }je qsetblup tespblkp& }je Goekmoek} Cbff gmmem ke~ qgs}& }f}fem #fl`gf gu}jlsf}fep#& `ltesbkn cl}j }je qgk`jgrg}p gkm ouk}`bqgf}}bep+ ]}se C}ff ektbpgnem nsgo pgcjg g} }je nsgppsll}p fetef bk eg`j pe}}feoek} ls jgcb}g}flk gkm }je `lkp}f}u}blk ld gtbffgne qgk`jgrg} dls nsluq ld pu`j pe}}feoek}p g} }je tbffgne fetef+ ]je qsltbpblk dls }je nsgo pgcjg `loqsbpbkn gff }je tl}esp bk
41
Ql~es }l }}e Delqfe<
pe}Ueoek} gp ploe ibkm ld nekesgf gppeocfr ~gp +qp }je olp} boqls}gk} `lk}sbcu}blk ld }je nlteskoek} }l }je Goesfmoek} ezescbpe8 b} T+Q+ }je keem dls qslzbob}r ce}~eek }je qelqfe gkm seqsepek}gutep pbk`e }je Gtesgne qlqsffgulk ldg pgcjg ~lufm ce gclu} fL1L }l 3LLL qelqfe+& ]^l ls pu`j nsgo pgcjgp ~lf+sfm ce `lkp}b}u}em dlsogffr qgk`jgrg} g} }je tbffgEe fetef `loqs}pfkn ftep efe`}em dslo }essb}lr.fgf `lkpdf}uek`bep+
B} ~gp
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gkm mb }s}`} fetefp ~jesegp }Gplig Omj}g.p
se`loo kmg}flk ~gp Pbk`e }je
dls
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musbkn peek gp klk/@lknsepp qlpbbflk ~jbfe }je Cgf~gk} Sgb Oej qsep`sbq}blk dls }jsee/}b@s qgk`jgr qgk`jgr=}b sgh& cr pboq ez`fupblk ld }je l}jes& `gm8fe }l ce bmesk}bdbem gp }je fnsepp ogzbo+ B} bp gk bslkr ld jbp}lsr }jg} .epp nlteskoek}p& gp bk Igdkg}gig& gkm ^ep} klk Cekngf& uem }jsee/}bes qgk`jgrj}p gp ou`j gp ls qesjgqp sse }jgk }je @lknsepp fem nltesk}.kek}p pu`j gp Ogjgsgpj}sg& NuHgsg} ld Sghgp}jgk9 ]je &.bpblk fk }je Nlp~gob CYff dls uscgsf fl`gf clmfep gclu} }je pgoe gp bk Sghbt Ngkmjb.p .ee }5=qep ld clmbep/g Kmngsqgk`jgrdg} dls tespblk+ gsegp bk kpbbflk dslo susgf }l uscgk& Ouksb`bqgf @luk`bf pogffes uscgk gsegp jkm Oukj`bqgf
Nekesg}Efe`}flkp
gkm+Gdbes
47
gsegp/~ese ektbpgnem @lsqlsg}flk dls fgsnes cu} qlqufg}}lk `u}/ldd pbxep dl} }jepe }jsee `g}enlsbep ~ese lob}}em+ ]je g}}eoq} }l sg}blkgfbpe pfxe `fgppep qsepek}em bk }je qsetblup Cbff ~gp }jup -btek uq+ ]je gkm dls P`jemufem sepestg}blk ld P`jemufem ]sfcep& gp gfpl lke/}jbsm ld }je peg}p }l ce sepestem dls ~loek& ~ese ogbk}gbkem gp cedlse+ ^gsm @loof}}eep gkm >+lkgf @loob}}eep& ~jb`j Uqekmsg Ngkmjb Cbff. jgp sengsmem gp #dukkr# bk }je ce`goe pesblup eklunj kl~ cu} ~ese fed} }l ce ep}gcf}pjem g} }je mbp`se}blk ld }je P}g}e nltesoek}p+ ]je qsltbpblk dls g P}g}e Dbkgk`e @loobppflk ~gp ogbk}gfkem cu} peqgsg}e qsltbpblkp dls `lkmu`}bkn gumb} cr Efe`}blk @loobppblk efe`}flkp cr }je @GN ~ese lob}}em+ Gp dls csbknbkn susgf gkm uscgk qfg}dlso gkm fppuep }l `loolk mbp}s}`} ep}gcfbpjbkn oe}slqlfb}gk qfgkkbkn `loob}}eep g} fegp} }jek dls de~ fgsne `b}bep& usnem Ousgplfb Obkfp}es dls Uscgk Meteflqoek}& }l pebxe }je lqqls}ukb}r gkm ogie qsltbpblk dls }jeo bk }je Cbff+ Ogsgk pjgsem }l ploe ez}ek} or cefbed bk }jepe cr pu`j ogkmg}e ~gp og}}esp cu} def} `lkpekpup gp ~gp gfsegmr gtgffgcfe+ Bk jbp tbe~& }je gmmsepp lkfr }jepe eppek}bgfp+ ^e ~ese C}ff cg`i }l }}se ogsng mgspjgk gqqslg`j ld K+M+ ]b~gsb. Pbk`e }je T+Q+ Pbknj Cbff ~gp cgpem lk `lkpekpup }je Kg}blkgf Dslk} }jese ~gp dfb`ies ld jlqe }jg} b} `lufm ce `gssbem }jslunj Qgsfbgoek} cu} ez}eskgf ez}bknufpjem }jg} dfb`ies. Etek cedlse }je bk}slmu`}blk ld }je Cbff& }je p}bs gngfkp} }je Ogkmgf dlsoufg ld sepestg}blkp jgm cenuk+ T+Q+ Pbknj }jg} }je gnb}g}blk ~lufm pucpfme gkm }je cupbkepp ld }je nlteskoek} `lufm ce sepuoem+ Lk 73 L`}lces& Mepjouij& ~jl jgm `lk}fkuem gp Qsfk`bqgf
43
Ql~es }l }je Q&elqfe<
Pe`se }l }je QO& ~sl}e }l -loe Pe`se}gsbep `lkte }je QO.p #p}slkn mepbse# }l jmte pu qslnsgooe ld me`ek}sgffpg}blk gkm `gffbkn dls bmegp+ Cu} pe} ld qslcfeop eoesnem ~b}j $HQ.p bfsf `looek`bkn jbp Sg}}s Rg}sg+ ]je KD&p pustbtgf Ogkmgf tespup Ogkmbs bppue+ Lk 30 722L Gmtgkb ~gp gssep}em bk Pgog-}bqus gd}es Cbjgs+ ]je CHQ me`bmem }l ~b}jmsG~ b}p puqqls} }je nlteskoek} gkm lk KlteocEs }je nlteskoek} ~gp medeg}em cr 0=4 tl}ep }l T+Q+ F=3+ gp }je Cldlsp `lk}sltespr jgm ibffem SgHbt Ngkmjb.p b} ~gp kl~ }je }usk ld }je Egcsb OgpHbm `gp} b}p `lkpuobkn pjgml~ lk }jw T+q+ Pbknj
Sgl Nlteskoek} gkm }ce }~l
]je }jg} ld Bk jbp gpi}kn
bd
sgf ~b}j
p}sb`}fr }je boqls}gk me}esofk }jlunj sebk}slmu Ngkmjb.p }je
Cbfff
gp
omsgpjeijgs nlteskoek} ~jb`j dlffl~em Pbknj ~gp bk ql~es dls lkfr g de~ olk}jp+ gp Pqe`bgf Gppbp}gk} }l }je @lkfnsepp Ogkb Pjgkigs pek} kl}e }l Sghbt Ngkmjb `lufm qb`i uq }je }jsemmp ldqgk`jgrg}b @jgkmsgpjeijgs nlteskoek}+ Je ~gp `}em kl} }l ml pl+g B} ~gp ezqe`}em }jg} dls ~jlo me`ek}sgfbpg}flk ~gp gk qgs} ld b}p ogkbdep}l& ~lufm ogfie cbm }l `loe cg`i+ Sghbt Ngkmjb.p lk 3f Ogr f22f ~gp oghls pe} cg`i e`}blkp ~ese jefm+ ]je Kgsgpbojg Sgl ~gp p~lsk bk lk 3f Huke8 b} qfemnqm }l }je Qgk`jgrg}b Sgh gkm Kgngsqjfbig ~b}jbk 7LL mgrp gp semeoq}blk ld Sghbt slobpe+ Jl~etes& Kgsgpbswjg Sgl ~gp _~gsr fp bk }je qsl`epp gjegm+ Musbkn }je mdcg}e
Nekeslf Efe`}bgkp gkm GH}es
40
bk Qgsfbgoek} bk 72:2 `es}gbk b}eop jgm p}llm lu} gp qg}ek}fr `lk}sltespbgf+ Ek}sup}bkn }je `lkmu`} ld }je Dgk`jgrg} gkm Kgngsqgfbig efe`}blkp }l }je Efe`}blk @losjbppblk& ogibkn }je @GN sepqlkpfcfe dls gumb} ld }je g``luk}p9 gkm ek}sup}fkn ploe ld }je duk`Ulkp }l }je P}g}e Nlteskls gp mbp}bk`} dslo }je P}g}e Nlteskoek} ~ese ploe ezgoqfep+ Gqgs} dslo }jepe. }jese ~gp gfpl kl} ou`j ek}jupbgpo golkn }je OQp dls }je Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee ls }je Oe}slqlfb}gk
@loob}}ee gp `lkp}b}u}blkgffr ogkmg}em clmbep. Kgsgpbojg Sgl ~gk}em }je Goekmoek} Cbffp }l ce m}ddesek} dslo ~jg} }je T+Q+ Pbknj nlteskoek} jgm qslqlpem cu} je mbm kl} dgtlus `loqsejekpbte ls eddls} fbie }jg} ld Sghbt Ngkmjb8 Bk dg`} #skUb}blk# Sgl.p qes`eq}blk ld ~jg} ~gp degpbcfe ~gp kl} tesr mbddesek} dslo }jg} ld T+Q+ Pbknj+ Re}& g} }je pgoe }boe& }je Kgsgpbojg Sgl
nlteskoek} `lufm kl} nl cg`i }l }je }ok`g}em tespblk ld }nPL ~jese T.Q. Pbknj.p nltebkoek} jgm fbob}em b}pefd lkfr }l de~ ekgcfbkn qsltbpblkp fegtbkn olp} ld }je g`}blkp }l }je P}g}e nlteskoek}p. ]je @lknsepp nlteskoek} jgm }l pjl~ }jg} }je me`ek}sgfbpg}blk `jgs}es ~gp kl} oese fenbpfg}bte pjeff cu} pesblup ekmegtlus dls eoql~esoek} ld }je qelqfe gkm }je fl`gf clmbep+ `loolk cbff ~lufm jgte qsloq}em olse `gseduf p`su}bkr gkm qesjgqp g`jbetem olse `lkpbp}ek`r gkm `loqfeoek}gsb}r bk sengsm }l ploe
gpqe`}p fbie qslzbob}r ce}~eek qelqfe gkm }jebs seqsepek}g}btep& duk`}blkp ld uscgk gkm susgf clmbep. susgf/uscgk sefg}blkpjbqp& e}`+& cu} keb}jes }je Susgf Meteflqoek} kls }je Uscgk Meteflqoek} obkbp}sbep ~ese ieek lk Hlbk} ezes`bpe+ P.S. Pgkigsgk ~gp }jek }je Pe`se}gsr& Susgf Meteflqoek}. Nbtek jbp memf`g}flk gkm `loob}oek} }l susgf meteflqoek}
4=
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nsluq ld
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mefgr og}}esp gkm mbfu}e g}}ek}blk+p fe& jbp `luk}esqgd} bk }je Uscgk obkbp}sr& ~gp gfpl seqls}em kl} tesr gclu} hlbk} eddls} ~b}j }je Susgf ek} obkbp}sr+ ]je semsgd}bkn ld }je Cbffp }jup `lkbfkuem gp }~l peqgsg}e quspuem cr }~l peqgsg}e obkbp}sbep} ]je pe} uq }l nubme }je qsl`epp jgm gkm Pb}gsgo Iepsb gp `loolk oeskcesp ~}}j Pjebfg Iguf& Obkbp}es+ Uscgk }& gkm Tekig}gp~gor& Obkbp}es& Susgf }& ~ese jefm peqgsg}efr9 Gf}jlunj dtfgkb rgs jgm ce`loe @lkndepp Oq cr kl~&
je kl fl nes duk`}blkem gp fbgbplk ogk ls }slucfep l}es ce}~eek }je qOL gkm }je }~l
obkbp}sbep `lk`eskem+ ^jg}etes }je `jgsg`}esbfp}b`p gkm mbdd `ep ce}~eek }je susgf gkm }je usscgk+ me`ek ~gp gk lche`}bte lloolk }l fcl}j gkm `l fg~ dls }jg} qusqlpe ~lufm jgte ceek olse sfe+ Jl~etes }jese ~gp ssl bkmb`g}blk ls unnep}f }l }jg} qusqlpe dslo }je qOL+ ]je qseqgsg}bl gkm quspub} ld }~l peqg}sg}e cbffp musbkn .p }boe& olse gp sepuf} ld `bs`uop}gss`ep SgHbt Ngk gkm }jup ce`goe pgk`}bdbem&gp qse`eyek}+ Ploe b}fep ce}~eek }je }~l cbffp qespbp}em b~b}j ukmepfsgcf `lkpewuek`ep gp pucpewuek} ezqesbek`e
setegfem&
Nekesgf Efe`}blkp g}}m. Gh}es
45
]Vsl Cbffp Bk}slmu`em Lk 74 Peq}eoces 7227& }je >3km gkm >0sm. Goekmoek} Cbffp ~ese peqgsg}efr bk}slmu`em bk }je F&li Pgcjg cr Pjsb Tekig}gp~gor gkm Po}+ Pjebfg Iguf+4 ^jffe }je }~l cbffp cslgmfr sepeocfem }je 72:2 tespflkp }jer mbddesem bk ploe boqls}gk} sepqe`}p. Bk }je `gpe ld }}se Qgk`jgrg} Cbff& mbddesek`ep ~ese f}ob}em cu} pfnkbdf`gk}+ ]je qsltbpflk dls nsgo pgcjg gp `lk`fgte ld gff tl}esp& bk}slmu`em cr }je T+Q+ Pbknj nlteskoek}& ~gp bk`fumem+ Gp dls sepestg}blk ld `jgbsqesplk.p qlpb}blkp dls P@,P]p& }je msgd} `lk}gbkem
gk gddbsog}bte qsltbpblk sg}jes }jgk oesefr gk ekgcfbkn `fgupe+ Ms+ C+M. Pjgsog& }je kl}em
gk}jslqlflnbp} gkm `btbf pestgk}& jgm msg~k seqeg}em g}}ek}blk }l }je dg`} }jg} musbkn }je dfsp} nekesgbflk qgk`jgrg}} sgf bk }je `luk}sr }jese ~ese jgsmfr gkr P@,P] Pgsqgk`jep gkm oese oeocespjbq bk }je qgk`jgrg} ~lufm kl} ce puddb`}ek} dls eoql~esoek}. Qmls }l }je Goekmoek}& Gkmjsg Qsgmepj gkm Ogmjrg Qsgmepj jgm qsltbmem dls sepestg}blk ld P@,P]p dls }je qlp}p ld `jgbsqesplkp bk }je qgk`jgrg}p. ]jbp ezqesbek`e jgm qsloq}em pbobfgs qsltbpblk fk }je @lkp}f}u}flkgf Goekmoek} Cbff+ ]je 72:2 Cbff jgm lkfr p}g}em }jg} kl}jbkn ~lufm qsetek} P}g}e fenbpfg}use dslo qsltbmbkn dls sepestg}blk dls P@,P]p ls ~loek bk }je @jgbsqesplk.p qlpb}blk cu} }je f22f p}bqufg}bkn }jg} pu`j msgd} ogme b} olse Qlpb}bte sepe~g}blk pjlufm ce ogme gkm b} ~gp fed} }l }je P}g}e fenbpfg}usep lkfr }l me}esobke }je ogkkes. Bk }je `gpe ld }je Cbff dls }je Oukf`bqgff}bep& }je mfddesek`ep ~ese olse pbnkbdb`gk}+ Dbsp}fr. bk }je Sghbt Ngkmjf tespflk& pbxe `fgppep ~ese bkmb`g}em dls kgngs
qgk`jgrg}p& oukb`bqgf `luk`bfp gkm oukb`bqgf `lsqlsg}flkp+ ]je setbpem tespblk ~gp `lk}ek} ~b}j
44
Qlues }l }je Qelqfe<
g.}sgkpb}blkgf gseg.& g.-ogffes uscmk gseg. nes uscgk gseg. gkm fed} B} }l P}g}e nltesk/ oek}p me}esobke }jlpe ~f}j sengsm }l ploe cslgm `sb}esbg+ sengsm }l }je `jgbsqespck ld ousbb`bqgf/ b}r& }je 2:2 Goekmoek} C}ff jgm qslqlpem }jg} }jbp pjlufm .e bkmbse`} cu} p}bqufg}em ploe sep}sY`}blkp lk f+ ]je 7227 Goekmoek}8Cbff fed} }je Ykg}}es }lcem em cr }je P}g}ep+ ]jbsmfr& gkl}jes ogHls metbg}b }je Cbff mbm kl} ogie qsltbpblk dls ^gsm ls Xlkgf @loof}}eep fegtbkn }je pgoe }l ce em cr }je P}g}e nlteskoek}p+ @usbls8}pfr& bk s}gk} sepqe`}& g``luk}p& }je Goekmoek} Cbff dls }je `bqgff}bep p}u`i }l }jm qsltbpblkp ld }je 72:2 ~jbfe }je >3km Goekmoek} Cbff bk dengsm }l qgk` grg}p pqe`fdb`gffr `jlpe }l fegte g`}luk}p gkm gu qgk`jgrg}p }l }je P}g}e nlteskdkek}p& }je >0 Cbff seqeg}em }je qsltbpblkp ld }je f2n2 tescblk& ouk}`bqgf g``luk}p pjlufm ce ieq} gp gmtbpem }je @GN }je @G@ pjgff `guce }je pgoe }l s` gumb}em+] B} bp mbddb`uf} }l ukmesp}gjm }je segplk }jbp mbddesek`e ce}~eek }~l cbffp dlsou/ fg}em cr +e pgoe nlteskoek}+ B} `lufm kl} ce }jg} g``luk}p ~ese `lkpbmesem olse lkeslup }jgk `jgrg} g``luk}p gkm& }jesedlse& pjlbffm ce jgkmfem sr }je @GN+ B} `gk lkfr ce `lk`fumem }jg} }jbp ~gp ltespbnj}+ B} bp gfpl gqqg\sek} }jg} Yk }je qsl`epp dlsoufg}bkn gkm gqqsltbkn }V&'.l cbff- lk pbobfgs cHe`}& }je }~l obkbp}sbep&ld Susgf Metefll/ oek} gk Uscgk Meteflqoek} qsl`eemem lk }jefs l~k ~b}j fb}}f bk}esg`}blk+ Bk `lk}sgp}& Tbklm qgkmmr gkm gflkn b}j ploe l}jes lddb`bgfp `lk`eskem+ ucem }l oee} mgbfr musbkn }je tgsblsbsp p}gnep ld msgd}/ bkn }je gngsqgfbig Cbff gkm sefg}bkn b} }c }je Qgk` Cbff+ ]je Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ec gfpl oekUl
Nekesgf Efe`}blkp lkm. GH}es
ltesflliem }je mbddesek`e ce}~eek }je }~l Cbffp+ Etek/ }ugffr }je og}}es ~gp se`lk`bfem gkm }je }~l Cbffp gp qgppem `lk}gfkem }je pgoe qsltbpblk+ ]je Kgsgpfojg Sgl Goekmoek} Cbffp ~ese gfpl `lkpqf`ulup bk `loqfe}efr lob}}bkn gkr qsltbpblk dls
mbp}sb`} qfgkkbkn ls oe}slqlfb}gk qfgkkbkn cl}j ld
~jb`j jgm ceek sengsmem gp pucp}gk}bgf bkkltg}flkp }l ~jb`j SgHbt Ngkmjb jgm cslunj} p}slkn qesplkgf puqqls} gkm `lktb`}blk+ B}& ~gp ld `luspe ikl~k }jg}
`lkpbmesgcfe }e`jkb`gf gkm gmobkbp}sg}bte puqqls} ~gp keemem }l ogie }jepe ek}b}bep duk`}blkgf9 Kgsgpbojg Sgl `lufm jgte qupjem b} cu} me`bmem kl} }l ml pl qlppbcfr degsbkn mefgrp gkm fg`i ld puqqls} dls }jepe .bkkltg}blkp.+
Cbffp Sedessem }l HQ@ Cl}j }je Cbffp ~ese fk}slmu`em bk }je Fli Pgcjg lk 74 Peq}eoces 722 }l~gsmp }je ekm ld }je olkpllk peppblk+ ^jek Qgsfbgoek} se`lktekem& bk ~bk}es& ol}blk }l sedes }je }~l cbffp }l Hlbk} @loof}}eep ld cl}j jlupep ld Qgsfbgoek} ~gp ogme bk }je F&li Pgcjg cr Tekig}gp~gor gkm Pjebfg Iguf. ]je SgHrg Pgcjg `lk`ussem bk }je ol}blk lk 3f
Me`eoces+ Bk ieeqbkn ~b}j }je qg}}esk ld }~l peqgsg}e Cbffp& }jese ~ese }~l peqgsg}e Hlbk} @loskf}}eep+p ]je Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek}gsr @loo}}}ee *HQ@" dls }j.e >3km
Goekmoek} ~gp `jgbsem cr Kg}jusgo Obsmjg gkm bk`fumem Ogkb Pjgkigs Gbrgs& Mete Nl~mg. Pumj}s Pgreem& Meeqgi Njlpj& Pucsgogkfgo Slr& P~gor gkm l}jesp+ ]je lke dls }je >0sm Goekmoek} Pbknj Mel& gkm bk`fumem @jf}}g ~gp `jgbsem cr Cgpu& Ogfbkb Cjg}}g`jgsrg. Puob}sg OgjgHgk. Cgfsgo& Nufgo Sgpuf& Qg~gk Cgkpgf gkm l}jesp.
4:
Ql~es }l }}e QelqFe<
]je
`lk}gfk `lkpekp
km Goekmoek} Cbff lk qgk`jgrg}p mbm kl} `lk}sltespbgf bppue lk ~jb`j }je Hlbk} ~gp ezqe`}em }l pqekm ou`j Uoe+ Cepbmep& ~gp gfsegmr gtgbfgcfe lk sepestg}blkp gkm lkp dslo `lkp}b}uek`bep+ Gp dls
mbse`} }je `jl `e ce}~eek }~l/}bes gkm }jsee/}bes qgk bk }je susgf gsegp& }je msgd} Cbff& ~jbfe sn tbUgne qgk`jgrg}p ogkmg}lsr fed} b} }l }je P}g }l me`bme lk bk}esoembg}e fetef qgk ls cl}j+ ]je HQ@ qsedessem ukbdlsob}r& gp bk }je Sghbt Ngkmjb msgd}& gkm se`loskekmem }je ues pe} uq gp ogkmg}lsr+ Gp dls efe`}blk ld kp& }je msgd} qslqlpem }jg} g} }je tbffgne fetef gkm fk}esoembg}e fetef b} pjlufm ce mbse`} cu} g} }je fetef }je oe}jlm `lufm ce me`bmem ct }je P}g}e+
[email protected]`looekmg}blk ~gp }jg} b} pjlufm ce m}se`} gff fetefp+p ]je
Lke
ld }je
tespflk pjlufm
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ld OQp gkm OB#Gp bppuq ~gp gclu} }je seqsepesf}g}blk gkm OF&Gp+ Etek bk }je Sgh}t Ngkmjb jgm ceek gnseem }je Oqp OFGp lu} ld tbffgne qgk`jgrg}p+ Gp dls }je fetef gkm }je mbp}sb`} qgk`jgrg}p& lqbkblk em+ ]je Meteflqoek} obkbp}sr b}pefd `j seqsepek}g}blk ~gp kl} sewubsem gkm em& OQp gkm OFGp pjlufm ce klk/tl}bkn ]je P}g}e nltesokek}p& gp gfpl ploe }btep ld }je qucfb` ~jl jgm pucob}}em }l }je Hlbk} @lskob}}ee& gfpl ezqsseppem Lctblupfr& }je OQp gkm OFGp ~ese bk dgtlus ld }jebs bk`fupblk gp }jer `fegsfr ld ql~es l}jes~bpe+ Etek}ugffr& g `lykqsl/
@ekeslf Efe`}blkp gsm GH}es
obpe ~gp ~lsiem lu} gp mep`sbcem bk me}gbf bk }je kez} `jgq}es+ Gp dls }je >0sm Goekmoek}+ }je Hlbk} @loob}}ee gqqegsp }l jgte ceek ou`j olse qslg`}bte+ Gp bp `up}logsr& }je HQ@ pek} lu} wuep}blkkgbse }l tgsflup bkmbtbmugfp gkm bkp}b}u}blkp gkm gfpl bktb}em de~ }l nbte lsgf etfmek`e+ ~gp lke ld}je }ek qesplkp `gffem+ Lk Gqsff 7223 pucob}}em kuoces ld qlbk}p }l }je `loob}}ee9 p}slknfr usnem }je pe}}bkn uq ld
Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkfkn gkm Oe}slqlfb}gk Qfgkkbkn @loob}}eep gkm l}jes qsltbpblkp dls qslol}bkn
me`ek}sgfbpg}blk ~b}jbk fgsne `b}bep gkm qslzbob}r }l qelqfe+ ]jlunj ~gp p}bff bk nlteskoek} pestb`e g} }jg} }boe& }je HQ@ ~gp ibkm eklunj }l jegs or tbe~p bk or qesplkgf `gqg`b}r gkm gp Tb`e Qsepbmek} ld }je Kg}blkgf Bkp}b}u}e ld Uscgk Gddgbsp+ ]je HQ@ se`ebtem sepqlkpep }l b}p wuep}blkkgfse dslo dls}r bkmbtbmugfp gkm lsngkbpg}blkp gkm oeolsgkmg dslo gkl}jes }jfs}r+ B} gfpl ukmes}lli petesgf dbefm tbpb}p+ Gd}es
}jbs}eek pb}}bknp& }je @loob}}ee dbkgfbpem b}p se`looekmg}blk fk
Hufr
7223+}l
HQ@ lk ^gsm+@loob}}eep ]je Seqls} qslqlpem }jg} }je qsltbpflk dls ^gsm @loob}}eep pjlufm ce ogme ogkmg}lsr bk }je `gpe ld `b}bep ~b}j olse }jgk }jsee fgijp ld qlqufg}blk cu} }jebs pbxe gkm `loqlpb}blk ~gp fed} }l ce me}esobkem cr }je P}g}e fenbpfg}usep+ Kl pqe`fdb` oek}flk ~gp ogme gclu} Xlkgf @loob}}eep cu} b} ~gp lqek }l }je P}g}ep }l dlso }jepe ls l}jes `loob}}eep+ ]je boqfb`g}blkp ld }jbp tgnuekepp gse mbp`uppem bk @jgq}es 5+ ]je Hlbk} @loob}}ee gfpl def} }jg} }je Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee gkm }je Oe}slqlfb}gk Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee ~ese Se`eppgsr9 b} setbtem }jeo
+Qlues }l
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[email protected]
fl`gf ]j}p
}je
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kp }l }gie kl}e ld }je keemp ld }jm susgf gkm fl`gf clmbep gkm sedfe`}} }je pgoe fds }jebs l~k gkm seqls}p }l }je @ek}sgf Dfkgk`e Bk edde`}& }je Goekmoek} `lkpbmesgcfr ~bmekem }je ogkmg}e ld cl}j }je @ek}sgf gssm }je @loobppblkp+s3]je+edde`} ld }jfp ke~ }k }je gppeppoek} ld fl`gf clmbep. Bfkgk`bgf keemp }je boqg`} lk }je ~lsf}bkn ld }je Lek}sgf
Nekesgf Efe`}}lkp l}}m Gdbes
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~b}j P+ S+ Pgkigsgk& Dlsoes Pe`se}gst& Susgf Nlteskoek} ld Bkmbg& Jrmesgcgm lk f:}j
7222+
>3km Goekmoek} Ebff f22f }Cbff Kl+ 75: f" bk}slmu`em bk }je }ki Pgcjg fsr Pjsb Tekig}=p~gor& dls Susgf Meteflqoek} gkm }je @lkp}b}u}bqk >0sm Cbff *Cbff Kl+f52 ld f22f" bk}slmu`em bk }je Fli cr Po}+ Pjebfg Iguf& Obkbp}es dls Uscgk Metefflqoek}
Peq}eoces 7227+
3=0J bk }je 4=}j +moekmoek} Cbff 72:2+ Gs}b`fe ld }je >3km Goekmoek} Cbff gkm Gs}b`fe 3=0U ld }je Cbff+
2+
fl+
ld }je Fli Pgcjg& 74 Peq}eoces gkm Sghrg lk 3f Me`eoces f22f lH j` Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ee lk }je @lk-}b}u}blk >3km Goekmk]ek} Cbff+ Fli Pgcjg Pe`se}gsbg}+ Huft 7223+
Hlbk} Qgsf}gkQk} @loob}}ee lk }je @lk-}b}u}blk >=}j Cbff+ B&li Pgcjg Pe`se}gsbg}+ Huft fnn3+ 3=0 XM gkm Gs}}`fe 3=03E bkpes}em cr }je HQ@+ f+ }3+ ld Sedesek`e dls }je L}j Dbkgk`e @losjbppblk+ ld Dbkgk`e& Meqgs}oek} ld E`lklob` Gddgbbp& Huke 7223 gkm ]esop ld Sedesek`e dls }je ff}j Dbkgk`e Obkbp}sr lY Dbkgk`e& Meqgs}oek} ld E`lklof` Kl}bdb`g}blk mg}em Mefjb8 Hs+.sft 722:+ 70+ B&I Mecg}ep+ Me`eoces 7223+ lH }je
}=+
Bcbm+ 75+ }cbm& 74+ }cbm+ }>+ B&li
fg+
Mecg}ep+ 3f Me`eoces 7223+ Pgcjg Mecg}ep& 33 Me`eoces 7223+
@lkdlsob}r Fenbpfg}blk Gs}b`fe 3=0 XD ld }je >=}j Goekmoek} p}bqufg}ep }jg} .gkr qsltbpblk ld gkr fg~ sefg}bkn }l oukb`bqgfb}bep bk dls`e bk gkr p}g}e& booembg}efr cedlse }je `looek`eoek} ld }je @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmoek} ~jb`j bp bk`lkpbp}ek} ~b}j b}p qsltbpblkp pjlufm ce goekmem ls seqegfem cedlse }je ezqbsg}}lk ld lke regs pbobfgs qsltbpblk bp dslo pu`j `looek`eoek}.+ `lk}gbkem bk Gs}b`fe 3=0 ld }je >0sm Goekmoek} sefg}bkn }l qgk`jgrg}p+ ]je qsltbpblk ldlke regs gp `loolk dg`}ls bk cl}j `gpep ~gp pboqfbp}b`+ Bk }je `gpe ld }je qgk`jgrg}p petesgf P}g}ep jgm gfsegmr bk qfg`e `loqsejekpbte fg~p gkm senufg}blkp pbk`e }je 724Lp gkm }je 72>Lp+ ]l fgsne oegpuse }je >0sm Goekmoek} ~gp cubf} lk }je pucp}gk`e ld }jepe fg~p+ Bk }je `gpe ld oukb`bqgfb}bep ogkr ld }je P}g}ep ~ese upbkn fg~p mesbtem dslo Csb}bpj Bkmbg pu`j gp }je Qsepbmek`r G`}p ld }je kbke}eek}j `ek}usr gp bk Cekngf& Clocgr ls Ogmsgp+ ^jbfe }jese ~ese ogkr `loolk deg}usep golkn }jepe fg~p& qgs}b`ufgsfr bk sengsm }l cumne}gsr gkm gmobkbp}sg}bte og}}esp& }jebs pqbsb} gkm pucp}gk`e ~ese kl} negsem }l qucfb` qgs}b`bqg}blk ls oukb`bqgf gu}lklor+ Ploe ld }je P}g}ep def}+ }jesedlse& }jg}
Ql~es }l }}e Delqfe<
nftek dls setfe~bkn }je ezbp}bkn oukb`bqgf gkm goekmbkn }jeo gp ke`eppgsr+ fTb}jbk }je ld Uscgk Meteflqoek} b}pefd }jeske ~gp ploe+prs dls }jbp qfeg+ Cepbmep& }jese ~gp gfpl }je jlqe }jg} gk lqqls}ukb}r ~lufm ce gtgbfgcfe }l `loqsejekpbte oukb`bqgf fg~~jb`j `lufm ceg dls ogkr P}g}ep+ Kl}~b}jp}gkmfkn gff }jepe tbe~p& boqfeoek}g}blk ld }je& Goekmoess} G`} ~b}jbk regs ~gp @lkp}b}u}blkgf sewufseoek} gkm gkr ez}ekpblk ld }boe ~lufm jgte sewufsem pjlufm
`lkpfm
}je Goekmoek} b}pefd& ~jb`j ~gp kl} gqqslqsbg}e+ ]je Ofkbp}sr ld Susgf lsngkbpem
bk Hufr 220&
`lkdesek`e ld P}g}e Ob=bp}esp
f5/qlbk} qslnsgooe dls `lkdlsob}r fenbpfg}blss gkm pe} uq gmlq}em
ld Obkfp}esp }l quspue }je dlffl~uq g`dflk+B
]je ld Uscgk Meteflqoek} lsngkbpem p}obfgs ee}fknp ekngnem ploe bkp}b}u}blkp fbie }je]boep Sepegs`j Dlukmg}blk gkm }je KBUG }l jefq }je P}g}ep bk goekmbkn fenbpfg}blk+3 ]je P}g}ep ld e
Fg^P
sob}r fenbpfg}blk cslunj} lu} cr }je
dslo g oese seqe}b}blsf ld }je qsltfpblkp }l dgbsfr efgclsg}e goekmoek}p P}g}e fg~p+ Gff }je dfd}eek oghls P}g}ep gkm pogffes P}g}ep fbie Nlg& Ogkbqus& ]d8bqusg ploe ld gkm gp ~eff gp }je ukblk }essb}ldbep ld Gkmgogk gkm Kb`lcgs ekg`}em `lkdlsob}r Mefjb fg~p+ mlep kl} jl~etes oegk }jg} }je `lkdlsob}r ~gp }je qslmu`} ld pesblup gkgfrpbp gkm }jsmmkn+ Bk gp ogkr gp }~ek}r p}g}ep }je `lkdlsob}r qu} bk qfg`e lkfr g} }je fgp} ofku}e& bk fg~p ~jek }je }boe fbob} ld lk₦ regs~gp kegsfkn qsbf
@l=dls ob}r Fen}p fg}b&lk
B}p ekm+ G setfe~ ld }je fg~p sedfe`}p ou`j gocbtgfek`e qgs} ld ogkr P}g}ep9 gkm fg`i ld ek}jupbgpo lk tesr de~ jgte ceek ~bffbkn }l pebxe }je lqqls}ukb}r ~jb`j }je Goekmoek} qsltbmem dls flkn qekmfkn sedlsop fk oukb`bQgf fg~+
Pfxe @fgpefdb`g}blk Bk sengsm }l }je pe}}bkn uq ld oukf`bqgf clmbep. }je >=}j Goekmoek} qsltbmem }jsee }rqep/g kgngs qgk`jgrg} dls }sgkpb}blkgf gsegp&+ oukb`bqgf `luk`bf dls pogffes uscgk gseg gkm oukb`bqgf `lsqlsgdflk dls g fgsnes uscgk gseg+ Ploe cslgm `sb}esbg pu`j gp nekesg}em& qlqufg}}lk gkm b}p mekpb}r& eoqflroek} bk klk/gnsb`uf}usgf g`}btb}fep. e}`+& ~ese cu} oek}blkem bk Gs}b`fe 3=0 ld }je }je me}gbfp ld }jepe gkm l}jes `sb}esfg ~ese fed} }l ce meddkem cr }je P}g}ep+ ]je goekmem Oukb`fqgf G`}p ld Gkmjsg Dsgmepj& ]gobf Kgmu gkm Ogjgsgpj}sg jgte
nftek ploe g}}ek}flk }l }jbp puche`} bk }jebs goekmoek}p+ Dls ezgoqfe& Gkmjsg
qsltbmbkn dls gff }je }jsee }rqep ld ouk}`bqgf clmbep pu`j `sb}esbg& gfpl pqe`bdfem }jg} gff mbp}s}`} jegmwugs}esp pjlufm ce `fgppbdfem gp kl} fl~es }jgk dbsp} nsgme oukb`bqgfb}bep+0 ]je Ogjgsgpj}sg G`} qsltfmep dls qlqufg}blk `u}/ldd pbxep pu`j gp 0 fgijp dls `lsqlsg}blk& 35&L11 dls oukb`bqgfb}r gkm BL.LLL pjlufm gfpl ce ~f}jfk dls g kgngs qgk`jgrg} 35 isk dslo }je }essb}lsbgf fbob}p ld oukf`fqgf `lsqlsg}blk+=^b}j sengsm }l }je pbxe ld }je oukf`fqgf `luk`bfp olp} ld }je goekmem oukb`bqgf fg~p qsltbme dls obkbouo gkm ogzbouo ld oukf`fqgf ~gsmp& sgknbkn dslo }ek }l dbd}r/dbte& meqekmbkn lk }je qlqufg}flk+ ]je kuocesp dls `lsqlsg}blkp gse olse+
Dgkles }l }je
@lo Gp Goekmo ogr ce cu} ~}}j Kgmu& Jbog` qsltbpflk Gp
}je q8 de~ gp }~l Jgsrgkg ekg`}em
cu}
sedlsop ~jf`j
Slf` ld ]je `luk`bfp
dulqfe<
ld Oukf`bqgfb}fep `loqlpb}flk& Gs}b`fe 3=0 S*bb" 1d }je qsltbmep }jg} qesplkp ~b}j pqe`bgf gkm es6qesbek`e bk oukb`bqgf gmobkbp}dg}}lk gp oeocesp ld oukb`bqgf `wuk`bf tl}fkn s}nj}p+ Bk U}}gs Qsgmepj& ]go}f gp}jgk& Ogjgsgpj}sg& Ogmjrg Qsgmepj& Qsgmepj gkm Gppgo fg~p jgte }kgme pu`j klobkg}flk ~f}jfk `es}gbk fb}kb}p+p wugfbdf`g}blk ld `gkmbmg}ep }l `lk}ep} efe`}blkp& ~jbfe ogkr P}g}ep jgte dlffl~em bk }je Seqsepek}g}blk ld Qelqfe G`}& jgte bk}slmu`em gmmb}bl}fgf deg}usep pu`j `jbfm klso gp bk Mefjb& Gkmjsg Qsgmepj+ Iesgfg+ Gk}b/mede`}bls} fg~p ~esm gfpl Iesgfg gkm ^ep} Cekngf+ ]jepe gse cogff qlbk}esp }l }je dg`} }jg} efem}lsgf ce qgsgffef eddls} g} }je fl`gf clmr fetef kl} jgte }l meqekm lk ploe kg}blkgffr mepbnk+
gkm OFGp ld OQp gkm OY&Gp bk oukb`bqgf `lsqlsg}blkp jgp ceek megf} ~b}j tesr fk mbddesek} P}g}ep+ B} ~gp tezg}blup fppue s}nj} 72:2 gkm }je pucpewuebf} msgd}p ld f22f gfpl kl} gtlbm `lk}sltespr+ ^}sbfe ploe qelqfe ~ese ld tbe~ }jg} pu`j oeocespj}q ~lufm nl pqbsb} ld }je Goekmoek}/~j}`j ~gp }l qgk`jgrg}p gkm oukb`bqgfb}bep gp ep}gcfbpj mbp}fk`} bfes ld nlteskgk`e& ploe l}jesp def} }jg} ez`fupfl ld OQp gkm OFGp ~lufm `seg}e gk gqqse gclu} flpp ld ql~es bk }jebs obkm- gkm etek fegm }l `lkdfb`}p ld }usd+ ]je ogkkes bk
@lkHlsob}n fxnbpflsdfsfk
2f
~jb`j }jbp ~gp jgkmfem bk }je Qgk`jgrg} gkm Kgngsqgfbig Cbffp gfpl mbddesem gkm ~gp wub}e `lkdupbkn.
Bk }je 72:2 Sghbt Ngkmjb tespblk tbffgne
fetef
qgk`jgrg}p ~ese ez`fumem gkm b} ~gp fed} }l }je P}g}e nlteskoek}p }l qsltbme dls seqsepek}g}blk ld OQp gkm OFGp }k qgk`jgrg}p g} }je bk}esoembg}e gkm mbp}m`}
fetefp cu} ~b}jlu} tl}}kn sbnj}p+4 Bk sengsm }l oukb`bqgfb}bep& }je 72:2 msgd} `lk}gbkem kl pqe`bdb` qsltbpblk dls seqsepek}g}blk ld OQp gkm OFGp cu} }jese ~gp nekesgf qsltbpblk ekgcfbkn P}g}e
fenfpfg}usep }l me}esofke }jebs `loqlpb}blk+] ]je T+Q. Pbknj nlteskoek}.p tespblk fed} }je ek}bse `loqlpb}blk }l }je Pg}ep bk }je `gpe ld cl}j qgk`jgrg}p gkm oukb`bqgfb}fep gkm mbm kl} ogie gkr pqe`fdb` sedesek`e }l OQp ls OFGp+ Bk }je Cbff bk}slmu`em bk 7227 cr }je Kgsgpfojg Sgl nlteskoek} }je qsltbpblkp ld }je 72:2 tespblk ~ese seqeg}em+ Jl~etes. }je Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ee megfbs}n ~b}j }je Qgk`jgrg} Cbff ~gp ld }je tbe~ }jg} seqsepek}g}blk ld OQp gkm OFGp ~b}jlu} tl}bkn sfnj}p ~lufm ce bkgqqslqsbg}e+ Etek}ugffr `loqslobpe ~gp ~lsiem lu} ~jesecr tl}bkn sbnj} ~gp gffl~em ez`eq} bk }je efe`}blk ld }je `jgbsqesplk
ld }je qgk`jgrg}+ Pe`}blk 5*c" ld Gs}b`fe 3=0 g``lsmbknfr p}bqufg}ep }jg} }je `jgbsqesplk ld
qgk`jgrg} g} }je bk}esoembg}e fetef ls mbp}sb`} fetef pjgff ce efe`}em #cr gkm dslo golknp} }je efe`}em oeocesp }jeseld#+ ]je qgs}b`bqg}blk ld OQp gkm OFGp bk pu`j efe`}blkp ~gp }jup qse`fumem+ Bk }je `gpe ld }je Kgngsqgfbig Cbff. }je Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ee pbobfgsfr gmmem qsltbpblk }l Gs}f`fe 3=0 dls seqsepek}g}blk ld OQp& OFGp gkm OF@p ~b}j tl}bkn ql~esp+ Jl~etes. ukfbie }je p}bqufg}e gkr Qgk`jgrg} Cbff& }je HQ@ mbm sep}sb`}flk lk }je tl}}sn ql~esp sefg}bkn }l }je efe`}blk
23
ld }je gk `gpe
Ql~es }l }je qelqfe<
ls gkr l}jes og}}es+ ]jbp qg}ek} jgp fem }l ploe `lk}smtespbep gkm `lus} ~eff+ Bk 7225& bk }je `gpe ld de~ ep bk Sghgp}jgk bk`fumbkn Gf~gs }je
kp ~ese seoltem cr tl}ep ld kl `lkd}smek`e+ ]jepe oltem }je SgHgp}jgk Jbnj @lus} dls lk }je nslukm }jg} Oqp gkm Of&+mp jgm kl} bk }je ol}blk+ pbknfe Humne ld }je SgH Jbnj @lus} jefm }jg} pbs}`e Oqp gkm OB\Gp ~ese kl} efe`}em oeocesp ld }je oukb`bqgfb}bep& }jebs `bqg}blk mbm kl} tb}bg}e b}je ld kl ]je Qe}b}}lkesp ~ek} lk gqqegf+ Mftbpblk Cek`j }je Sghgp}jgk Jbnj @lus} jgp jefm }jg} }jlunj gkm O}Gp gse kl}.efe`}em oeocesp. ld }je `bqgfb}bep bk dgs gp tl}ep ld `lkdfmek`e
jgte }l
.~jlfe
`gssbem cr
}~l/}jbsm ogHlsb}r ld }je
upe.& }je OQp gkm OY&Gp pjlufm ce }gksek gp qgs} ld .~jlfe jlupe. dls }je qusqlpe+ P}k`e }jer kl} `bqg}e& }je Mbtbpblk Cek`j jefm }jg} }je ol}blkp `lkffmek`e bk }je bkp}gk} `gpep ~lufm dgff+ B} ~gp g``lsmbknfr }jg} }je Qe}b}blkesp pjlufm ce sebkp em gp `jgbsqesplkp+ dslo Jgsrgkg& me`bpflk ld }je qukhgc gkm Jbnj @lus} ~ek} etek dus}jef+/ ]je
Jgsrgk
seqsepek
Oukb`bqgf G`} ~jbfe qsltbmbkn dls
}blk ld OQp
Of&Gp pqe`bdf`gffr p}g}ep }jg} }jer pjgff keb}jes jgte }je sbnj} `lk}ec} kls }je tl}e bk }je efe`}blk ls se}skltgf ld qse-bmek} ls Tb`e/ sepbmek} ld Oukb`bqgf @loob}}ee ls Oukb @luk`bf gp }je `gpe ogr ce+ ]je qukhgc gkm Jbnj @lus} jgp jefm Gs}b`fe 3=0S nbtep fbob}em mefeng}blk }l }je P}g}e nltesksjek}p& b+e& eb}j }l qsltbme dls seqsepek}g}blk ld OqP gkm f&Gp ls l}& cu} b} mlep kl} nbte }je P}g}e gkr sbnj}
@lkHlsob}r
Fenspfgd}lk
20
pl }l sep}sb`} }je tl}}kn ql~esp ld }je OQp gkm seqsepek}em+ ]je Jbnj @lus} jgp gfpl jefm }jg} pbk`e OQp gkm OFyp ~jl gse klobkg}em }l oukb`bqgf clmbep
#cebkn efe`}em oeocesp dslo
ou`j fgsnes
`lkp}b}uek`r ld ~jb`j }je Oukb`bqgfb}r f}pefd dlsop qgs} ~lufm jgte }je sbnj} }l tl}e ~jbfe `lkpbmesbkn kl `lkdbmek`e ol}blk bk }je Oukb`bqgf @loob}}ee#. ]jbp me`bpblk gfolp} `lkdesp gk bkgfbekgcfe sbnj} lk OQp }l tl}e bk gkr Qgk`jgrg} ls Kgngsqgfbig etek }jlunj }jer gse kl} efe`}em oeocesp ld }jepe clmbep.e
]je bk}ek}blk ld }je >0sm @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmoek} jl~etes bp tesr `fegs gkm }je qg}ek} `lk}sgmb`}blk ce}~eek Gs}b`fep 3=0@ bk }je >0sm
Goekmoek} gkm3=0C }k }je >=}j Goekmoek} `gkkl} `lk}fkue+ ]je pb}ug}blk bp dus}jes `loqlukmem cr }je fg`i ld ukbdlsob}r bk }je qsltbpblkp ogme cr }je
mbddesek} P}g}e nlteskoek}p bk sengsm }l }je
seqsepek}g}blk ld OQp gkm OF&Gp bk oukb`fqgfb}bep. Bk Ogmjrg Qsgmepj& Jgsrgkg gkm ]go}f Kgmu& OQp gkm OFGp gse seqsepek}em bk oukb`bqgfb}bep cu} jgte eb}jes kl tlUkn sbnj}p ls sep}sb`}em tl}bkn sbnj}p+ Bk Gkmjsg Qsgmepj& Gppgo& Igskg}gig& Sghgp}jgk gkm U}}gs Qsgmepj& seqsepek}g}blk ~b}j tl}fkn sbnj}p jgp ceek qsltbmem+ Nuhgsg}& Iesgfg& Ogjgsgpj}sg& Lsbppg gkm ^ep} Cekngf jgte kl} qsltbmem dls pu`j seqsepek}g}blk g} gff+ Bk }je `gpe ld Qukhgc& seqsepek}g}blk ~f}j tl}fkn sbnj}p bp fbob}em lkfr }l OFGp+ B} bp gfpl bk}esepUkn }l se`gff }jg} bk }je `gpe ld ]gobf Kgmu }je bkb}bg} goekmoek} ld }je Oukb`}qgfb}bep G`} `gssbem lu} bk 722=& ~jek Op Hgrgfgfb}jg ~gp }je @jbed Obkbp}es ld ]gobf Kgmu& qsltbmem dls oeocespjbq ld }je OQp gkm O}[G+p ~b}j tl}bkn ql~esp+.1Pucpewuek}fr&
}jese ~gp ploe se}jbkibkn cr }je Igsukgkbmjb
nlteskoek} gkm
pe`lkm goekmoek} ~gp cslunj}
Ql~es }l }fe Delqfe<
lu} bk
gkm
mbp}sb`}/
tl}e+ss
P}g}ep+ gu}lkl
Fl`gf
~b}j
olse ls Efe`}blk @l
efe`}blkp obp`e Mbtbpbl
kuoces jbnjes
P}g}e
olse& gp Efe`}blk dlffl~ }je slfe
p}rfe/bk
p`j efe`}blkp&
~jb`j fbob}em }je oeocespjbq ld Oqp lkfr }l `lsqlsg}blkp& oukb`bqgfb}bmp gkm qgk`jgrg}p cu} ~}}jlu} }je qlsftes }l
`lkdlsob}r fg~p }jup bkmb`g}e }je `lk}}kuem gkm `lkdupblk bk }je }jbkibkn ld mbddesek} boqfb`g}blkp dls me`ek}sgfbpg}blk gkm fl`gf gse mfp`uppem bk pucpewuek} `jgq}es+
Efe`}blkp }l }je lsngkbpg}blk ld efe`}blkp+ }je fenbpfg}blk dslo }je mbddesek} P}g}ep jgp ceek ukbdlso bk }je qsltbpblk dls P}g}e oobppblk+ ]je ep}gcfbpjoek} ld pu`j gp gk bkmeqekmek} gu}jlsb}r jgp jefqem }je fl`gf clmbep }l ce sengsmem gp gk
g`utb}5s ~jb`j ~gp qsetblupfr mbpobppem gp
up sepqlkpbcbfb}r ld Mbp}sb`} gkm Puc/
gmobkbp}sg}blk+ Ce`gupe ld }je tesr fgsne seqsepek}g}btep cebkn efe`}em& gp gfpl }je }jg} fl`gf efe`}blkp Upugffr ekHlr& }je jgte gffl~em }je P}g}e Efm`}blk dgbs oegpuse ld gu}lklot+ Dus}jes/ kp}b}u}blkgffr se`lnkbpem clmbep }je P}g}e jgte `jlpek cr gkm fgwne }l
gkm qsg`}b`ep ld @ek}sgf Efe`}blk+ Pepjgk& }je dlsoes @E@& jgp clek dls ogkr PE@p bk pucp}gk`e bd kl} bk g}}esp pu`j gp }je me}esobkg}blk ld efe`}blk meogs`g}blk ld `lkp}b}ueq`bep& `lkmu`} ld }jer jgte ceek& cr gkm fgsne& gppes}bte+
]je ld }je P}g}e Efe`}blk @loobppblkes bk Iesgfg bk 722: bk mbpwugfbfsbkn olse }jgk BP&LLL efe`}em }g}btep }l qgk`jgrg}D dls }jebs dgffuse }l pucob} s}p ld efe`}blk ezqekpep gkm }je LY+bppg
@lkHlso}du
Fenbpfgfblk
25
[email protected] lcHe`}flk }l }je P}g}e peeibkn bk }je Jbnj @lus} qlp}qlkeoek} ld }je fl`gf clmr efe`}flk 722> gse }~l
ld }je Qlbk}..3
Ml~k Qfgkk}kn ^jek }je Qgk`jgrg} Cbff ~gp oltem bk Qgsfbgoek} gkm }je msgd}bkn ld qgsgffef fenbpfg}blk dls Kgngsqgfbigp `looek`em& SgHbt Ngkmjb def} eoclfmekem }l bk}slmu`e jbp qslqlpgfp dls mbp}sb`} qfgkkbkn. ]je }je etek}ugf `lkdgcufg}blkp g} }je lddf`bgf }je dbsp} pe} `loqslobpe gkm }je qsltbpblkp ogme ld Goekmoek} Cbffp jgte gfsegmr ceek se`luk}em bk ploe me}gbf+ jgp gfpl ceek p}seppem }jg} }jese ~ese Qfgkkbkn bmeg bk }je Hup} kl }giesp dls }je Kgsgpbojg Sgl nlteskoek}p gkm T+Q+ Pbknj ls }je b}eo ~gp cslunj} cg`i }l }je }gcfe cr }je Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ee+ ]jlunj }je HQ@ setbtem }je qsltbpblk dls Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee *MQ@" b} meqgs}em dslo }je Sghbt Ngkmjb tespblk ld }je Cbff bk }~l boqls}gk} sepqe`}p. Lke ~gp gclu} `loqlpb}blk+ ]je 72:2 msgd} ektbpgnem g `loqg`} }l}gf ld }~ek}r/lke oeocesp }l ce efe`}em dslo golkn }je efe`}em oeocesp ld }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm gkm }je oukb`bqgfbUep bk qslqls}blk }l }je sg}bl ld susgf gkm uscgk qlqufg}blkp. Gff }je oeocesp ld }je MQ@ ~ese }l ce efe`}em gkm }jese ~gp kl qsltbpblk dls qgs}b`ufgs mbp}sb`} 01 qes `ek} ~gp klobkg}blk+ Bd }je uscgk qlqufgUlk& 01 qes `ek} ld }je MQ@ oeocesp t,lufm ce efe`}em dslo golkn }je efe`}em oeocesp ld }je sep} }je uscgk fl`gf clmbep bk }jg} mbp}sb`} ~lufm ce efe`}em dslo }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm oeocesp.s0 pqe`bdd gkr ]je Hlbk} Qgsf}goek} @loob}}ee mbm kuoces cu} se`looekmem }jg} #bk lsmes }l boqgs} `jgsg`}es }l }je MQ@ kl} fepp }jgk
Ql~es }l }je Delqfe<
=,P}jp
efe`}em ld }je gp ~f}j
}je Sghbt ld }je gp ~eff& }je fl`g}b
fed} }jbp
`gk ce
mbp`uppb gkm b}p degsp gcl obkbp}esp qesjgqp
lqek+ B} 3=0 XM ]je sedfe`}em
Ogmjrg @jg }je
MQ@ jgp
}je }l}gf kuoces ld oeskcesp pjlufm ce pl }je qgk`jgrg}p g} }je mbp}sb`} fetmf gkm b}bep+#}g ]je pe`lkmsb}eo ld meqgs}use }l }je `jgbsqesplk ld }je Mq@+ ^jbfe gkm+jb tespblk qsltbmem dls }je `jgbsqesplk Qgsbpjgm }l ce }je `jgbsqesplk ld }jm Mq@ pe}dfkn g} sep} du}use wuep}blkp Gclu} ld }je MQ@& }je qgsfbgoek}gs5s `los}sb}}ee }l ce me`bmem cr P}g}e fenbpfg}u}.ep+ B} }jg} bk }je Qgsfbgoek}gsr `loof}}eep& gqqsejekpblkp gclu} }je Xbffg qgsbpjgm ce`lobkn `ek}se ld ql~es gkm }je eslpflk ld bkdfuek`e ld Oqp gkm P}g}e tlf`em+ ]je Qgsfbgoek}gsr `loob}}ee b} qsumek} }l fegte }jepe wueP}blkp lse seogbkem `lk}ek} cr bkpes}bknGs}b`fe }je Cbff dls pe}}bkn uq }je Mq@+ ekepp bk }je `lkp}b}u}blkgf qsltbpbl}kp bp }je @lkdlsob}r fg~p gp ~cff+ Bk }fse `mpe ld fepj& obkbp}es m&epbnkg}em cfx }je bp }je @jgbsqesplk ld }je Mq@& ~jbfc }je ld }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm bp oeoces gkm @lffe`}ls& }je Pe`se}gsr& ]je pbxe ld }je dfzem g} F5& 3G ls 35 meqekmbkn lk }je mbp}sb`} gkm l}jes `jgsg`}esbp}b`p+ ]je em }l }je MQ@ gse gp p}bqufg}mm bk
pbxe ld }j duk`}blkp }je @lk b}u}flkgf Goekmoek}+ Gmmb}blkgfft+ olkb etgfug}blk gkm setbe~ ld }je meteflq/+ss} p`jeoep }je mbp}sb`} bk`fumbkn @ek}sgf gkm -}g}e pqlkplsem gp ~eff gp Fl`gf Gdeg Meteflqfkek} p`jeoep cr OQp gkm OB/Gp jgte gfpl ceek gppbnkem }je MQ@+.5 ]je qsltbpblkp bk }je ^ep} Cekngf }sb`} Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee G`} fnn= gse clu} }je pgoe cu} }je @jgbsqesplk ld }je Xbffg
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Qgsbpjgm jgp ceek mepbnkg}em gp }je @jgbsqesplk ld }je MQ@ gkm }je Mbp}sb`} Ognbp}sg}e gkm @lffe`}ls gp }je Pe`se}gsr ld }je @loob}}ee+s4 ]je ^ep} Cekngf G`} gfpl qsltbmep dls }je P}g}e nlteskoek} }l ep}gcfbpj uscgk meteflqoek} puc/`loob}}eep bk }je MQ@. Bk }je `gpe ld }je l}jes P}g}ep ekgcfbkn qsltbpblkp dls MQ@p jgte ceek ogme bk }je Qgk`jgrg} G`}. Oukb`bqgf G`} ls }je ]l~k gkm @luk}sr Qfgkkbkn G`} `jgbsqesplk ld }je Xbffg gp }je `gpe ogr }je MQ@ bk Cbjgs. Qgsbpjgm bp mepbnkg}em }l Iesgfg gkm Igskg}gig+ Ogjgsgpj}sg jgp }sbem }l ~b}j b}p egsfbes olmef ld }je MQ@ ~b}j P}g}e obkfp}es gp `jgbsqesplk+ Bk Gqsbf 7222 b} qgppem fg~ dls `seg}bkn MQ@p cu} ieq} }je obkbp}es }je mbp}sb`} gp }je `jgbsqesplk. ]je mepbnkg}em Qsepbmek} gkm @EL ld }j9e Xbffg Qgsbpjgm gse ez lddb`bl oeocesp gkm }je Mbp}sb`} @lffe`}ls& bp Oeoces Pe`se}gsr+sx Bk ]goff Kgmu& }je Mbp}sb`} @lffe`}ls jgp ceek ogme }je `jgbsqesplk ld }je MQ@. ~jbfe }je `jgfsqesplk ld }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm bp sengsmem lkfr gp oeoces+ Dslo }boe }l }boe }jbp qsltbpblk jgp ceek lche`}em }l cr tgsblup qlfb}b`gf qgs}bep bk }je P}g}e gp gkm pucp}gk`e ld nslppfr bk`lkpbp}ek} ~b}j }je }je @lkp}b}u}}lkgf Goekmoek}+ Egsfr bk 7222 jbnj
fetef `loob}}ee ~b}j seqsepek}g}btep ld
qlfb}}`gf qgs}}ep gkm oeocesp ld fenbpfg}use& `jgbsem cr }je fl`gf pefd nlteskoek} obkbp}es& `lkpbmesem }jbp bppue gflkn ~b}j tgsblup l}jes og}}esp lk ld }je me`ek}sgfbpg}blk+ ^jbfe }jsee `loskf}}ee lche`}em }l }je ezbp}bkn gssgkneoek}& l}jes oeocesp punnep}em }jg} }je `jgbsqesplk ld }je mbp}sb`} fetef qgk`jgrg} `gk ce mepbnkg}em gp Tb`e @jgbsqesplk ld }je MQ@ se}gbk}kn }je @lffe`}ls gp }je @jgbsqesplk.s:
]jfp tfe~& ~jf`j bp bk tesr pjgsq `lk}sgp} }l }je sep}
2:
Ql~es }l }}e &qelqfe<
}sr& bp& jl~etes& bk ieeqbkn ~b}j }je p}gkm Kgmu nlteskoek} }jg} }je mfp}sbL} fetef }p }}pefd puqesdfulup gkm }jg} }jc Mq@ `gkkl} sengsmem gp qgk`jgrg}b sgf clmr cu} olse gp `llsmbkg}blk `loob}}ee ~b}j }e`jk}`gf sg}jes gk qlfb}b`gf ogkmg}e+ ld }je ld }je
}l pe}
ploe P}g}ep
ogme jg&fd jegs}em g}}eoq}p MQ@p& ploe l}jesp fbie Gkmjsg qsjmepj+ NuHgsg}& Qukhgc gkm U}}gs q}.gmepj
Gppgo& jgte `lk}ek} }l qgpp ekgcfbkn fg~m lkfr+ Jl~etes& U}}gs Qsgmepj ogme p}g}.} bk Ogs`j fnnn+se oltem }l csbkn }je Xbffg qgsbpjgmp `flpes }l }je cr qfg`bkn Mbp}sb`} QfgkkbkG @cffp bk
}je
b}p
pfl~
jgmp& ~f}j }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm gp }je }je MQ@ gkm }je qgsbpjgm.p gp sr+3l Nekesgffr& }je Mq@ `lk}bkuep }l ce ~jb`j qsloq}em }je Obkbp}sr ld Susgf }l ~sb}e }l petesgf P}g}ep bk Gqsbf 7222
;k ld
g`}blk+
]je
pjsfd}
Qfgkkbkn @lokfb}}ee nbt`k pjls}
]je e}slqlfb}gk Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee *Oq@"& }jlunj mem dls bk }je @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmnkek}& jgp ceek tbs}ugf klk/p}gs}es+ ]je cg`indlukm gkm sg}b bk qsltbmbkn dls pu`j+ `loob}}eep jgte ceek bk me}gbf bk gk egsfbes `jgq}ek ]je msgd}p cr }je T+Q+ Pbknj gkm Kgsgpbojg Sgl }p mbm kl} ogie sedesek`e g} gff }l }je OQ@9 b} }je Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ee ~jb`j setftem qsltbpblk+ ]je fetgk} se`looekmg}blk ld }je wHlbk} @loskb}}ee& Gs}b`fe 3=0/ X}&& dls
@lsylsob}r
dls
Fen}pfl}blk
wul}em cefl~+
Qfgkkbkn oesb}p
22
gkm }p
.#]jese gse }~ek}r/}jsee oe}slqlfb}gk `b}bep bs}
}je `luk}sr ~jese }je oe}slqlfb}gk gseg ~lufm ek`loqgpp kl} lkfr }je ogfk @f}r @lsqlsg}flk cu} gfpl kuoces ld l}jes fl`gf clmbep& cl}j uscgk gkm susgf& pusslukmbkn }je og}k @f}r Cr }je ekm ld }je `ek}usr& }jbp kuoces ogr sbpe }l gclu} dls}r/dfte+ ]l ekpuse bp gk lsmesfr meteflqoek} ld }je tgp} gseg& qslqes qfgkp keem }l ce msg~k uq bk gppl`bg}blk ~b}j }je qfgk ld }je ogfk @lkp}mesgcfe fktep}oek}p fk }jepe `b}bep gse gfpl gkm P}g}e nlteskoek} cr gnek`bep+ B} bp ke`eppgsr }l `llsmbkg}e }jepe
bktep}oek} qfgkp ~f}j }je meteflqoek} qfgkp gkm sewubseoek}p ld }je oe}slqlfb}gk `b}r+ ]jese fp& }jesedlse& keem dls pub}gcfe qfgk/ oe`jgkbpo ld }je bk}esg`}blk ce}~eek }je tgsblup fl`gf clmbep& cl}j susgf gkm uscgk bk pu`j oe}slqlfb}gk gsegp+ G} qsepek}& }je prp}eo }jg} bp gmlq}em bk ogkr oe/ }slqlffpep bp }je `seg}blk ld g oe}slqlff}gk metef/ gppbnkem }l }je lqoek} ]je oe}slqlff}gk meteflqoek} gu}jlsb}r mbddes dslo `gpe }l `gpe+ Bk ploe `gpep& }jer gse lkfr qfgk/ kbkn clmbep ~jbfe bk ploe `gpep }jer }gie lk eze`u}bte duk`}blk& qgs}b`ufgsfr ld oghls p`jeoep+ meol/ g} qsepek}& }jepe clmbep gse `sg}b` bkp}b}uUlkp+ ]jer gse klobkg}em cr }je Nlteskoek}+ ]je @lksof}}ee }jesedlse deef }jg} }jese pjlufm ce qsltbpblk dls `lkp}b}u}blk ld Oe}slqlfb}gk
Ql~es }l }je D+elqfe<
qfgk
}l
@lo
@loob}}ee }l qseqgse msgd} meteflqoek} }je Oe}slqlfb}gk gseg g- ~jlfe+ Bks lsmes meol`sg}b` `jgsg`}es }l }je pgbm
}}eep
kl} fepp }jgk }~l/}jbsmp ld }je
pu`j @loob}}eep pjlufm ce efe`}em
dslo golknp}& }je efe`}em oeocesp ld }je gkm @jgbsqesplkp ld }H/e Qgk`jgrg}p bk }je oe}slqlfb}gk gseg bk qslqls}blk }l }jL sg}bl }je qlqufg}blk ld }je oukb`bqgfb}bep gkm Qgk` gr }p bk }jg} gseg+ ]je l}jes me}gbfp ld }j Qgk` }l `loqlpb}blk ld }je spgbm @loskf}}eep& }je es ld dbffbkn }je peg}p }jesebk& }je }g}flk bk pu`j @loob}}eep ld Nlteskoek} ld gkm }je Nlteskoek} ld }je P}g}e gkm l}jes gkm bkp}b}u}blkp+ }je duk`}blkp sefg }l qfgkkbkn gkm `l/ldmbkg}flk dls }je cr&
@l
}l ce gp&pbnkem }l pu`j }}eep gkm }je ogkkes bk ~jb`}s }je
]je
bk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ee&
Oe}s qlfb}gk gseg
ld pu`j @loob}}eep pjgff ce `jlpek fed} }l }je P}g}e fsnbpfg}usep+# 3s
g``lsmbknfr em }je bkpes}blk ld ke~ qsltbpblk/Gs}b`fe 3=0 XE+ 3=0Q medbkem oe}slqlfb}gk gfeg gp .gk gseg qlqufg}blk ld }ek fgijp ls olse& bk lke ls olse mbp}sb`}p gkm `lkpbpfbkn ld }~l ls oukb`bqgfb}bep.+ ]je ouf}b/oukb`bqgf fp& }jesedlse& gk eppek}bgf sewubseoesf} ld oe}slql gseg+ Qsbog dg`be }jede gse }~ek}r/dfte knnfloesg}flkp g``lsmbkn }l }je 7227 puej qlqufg}blk ld }ek fgijp ls olse fl`g}em `ekpup+ ld Gkmjsg Qsgmepj& ]gobf Kgmu& Byesgfg& fk }je NuHgsg}& }sg& SgHgp}jgk& Ogmjrg Qsgmepj& Qsgmepj& Cbjgs gkm ^ep} Cekngf+ Bk }je QukHgc&
lkHlsob}n Fe bpfgdblk
flf
`gpe ld Cjlqgf gkm Fumjbgkg& }je oe}slqlfb}gk gseg gp qsepek}fr meffkem `lkpfp}p qsbk`bqgffr ld pbknfe oukb`bqgfb}r+ B} bp& }jesedlse& lqek }l }je Ogmjrg Qsgmepj gkm QukHgc nlteskoek}p }l `lkpbmes ~je}jes OQ@p gse sewubsem }l ce pe} uq dls }jepe qfg`ep+ Pl dgs gp }je l}jes P}g}ep gse `lk`eskem& }je OQ@ bp `lkp}b}u}flkgf sewubseskek}+ Jl~etes& gp bk }je `gpe ld }je MQ@& ~jbfe `lkdlsob}r fenbpfg}blk ls ekgcfbkn fg~p jgte ceek qgppem cr&olse ls fepp seqslmu`bkn }je fgknugne ld }je @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmoek}& kl} pbknfe P}g}e jgp pe} uq gk OQ@ pl dgs+
Meteflqo`k} Gu}jlsf}fep Pbme}sg`} }j` Qsl`epp ]je segplkp dls }jbp plssrs p}g}e ld gddgfsp gse obz}use ld cusegu`sg}b` `lkdupblk gclu} }je qusqlpe gkm slfe ld }je OQ@& fg`i ld qlfb}b`gf ol}btgUlk gkm& olp} boqls}gk}fr& }je degs ld }je Meteflqoek} Gu}jlsf}fep ~jb`j ezbp} fk olp} ld }jepe }~ek}r/}jsee `f}fep }jg} }jebs mlogbk ~bff ce ukmesobkem+ ^jffe }je @gf`u}}g Oeilqlff}gk Meteflqoek} Gu}jlsb}r b}pefd ~gp cslunj} gclu} bk pqe`bgf `bs`uop}gk`ep/olse dls olcbffpbkn dukmp gkm `llsmbkg}}kn boqfeoek/ }g}blk/olp} ld }je meteflqoek} gu}jls}}fep fk }je l}jes `b}bep ~ese bkpqbsem cr }je Mefjf Meteflqoek} Gu}jlsb}r olmef ld fgsne p`gfe fgkm g`wubpb}blk& segf
ep}g}e meteflqoek} gkm jlupbkn `lkp}su`}blk+
Etek}ugffr }jepe clmbep ce`goe `lkpqf`ulup eoqfsep ld qucfb` ~lsip gkm qg}slkgne gp bk Cgkngflse& Jrmesgcgm ls Hgbqus+ ]je `seg}blk ld }jepe gu}jlsb}fep ~gp kl mluc} dg`bfb}g}em cr }je dg`} }jg} olp} ld }je `f}r `lsqlsg}blkp `lk`eskem ~ese ukmes puqespeppflk gp ~gp }je `gpe bk @jekkgb gkm @gf`u}}g+ Bk }je `gpe ld nseg}es Clocgr `lkpbp}ek} lqqlpb}blk dslo }je @lsqlsg}blk fbob}em }je COSMG ogkmg}e }l ploe
sl3
Ql~es }l }je +Delqfe<
cslgm ld qfgkkbkn `lk}blf gkm `llsmbkg}}qk gkm pefe`}em ep}g}e g`}tb}bep+ ]je @gf`u}}g gu}jlsb}t gfpl }ugffr ce`goe june gogfngo ld qucf}`
lsip+ gqqsej
P}g}e nlteskoek}p jgte ceek sg}jes fte gclu} }je fgsne p}gdd ~jb`j }jepe
gu}jlsb}fep g`wubsem ltes qesblm ld }foe& `j ~lufm ce`loe pusqfup bk }je etek} peqgsg Oe}slqlfb}gk Qfgkkbkn @loof}}eep gse ob-}miek qes`eq}flk+ fp ]je Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee bp ezqe`}em }l fetef& meol`sg}f`gffr pe} uq clmr ~jf`j ~bff ceg csbkn ogkmg}e }l }je ~jlfe ezes`bpe ld fb}gk meteflqoek} qfgkkbkn+ ]je meteflq/ oek} lsf}bep `lufm peste }jepe Oe}slqlfb}gk @loof}}eep gp }jebs }e`jkb`gf pe`se}gsfg}+ Gkl es ofp`lk`eq}blk bp gclu} }je qLppbcfe `lkffb`} Husbpmb`}blk ce}~eek OQ@p gkm MQ@p+ Pbk`e metefl
ls }je sg}jes
gsegp gse qsemlobkgk}fr uscgk& }je `loqlkek} bk }je OQ@p ~lufm ce ^jese }je uscgk gsegp gse `l/}esbobkup
mbp}sb`}p& pu`j gp Cgkngflse& @jekkgf ls }je `u}}g uscgk mbp}sb`}& }je qslcfeo mlep kl} Bk pu`j `gpep MQ@ bp kl} ke`eppgst+ gsbpe g} qgs} ld setekue mbp}sb`} bp bk`fumem bk ^jese gseg& P}g}e nlteskssfek}p pub}gcfr semedfke clukmgsbep dls }je qusqlpe ld MD@ gkm OQ@ ~l Gf}eskg}btefr& g duk`}blkgf mefbkeg}blk bp gfpl fe+ ]je ]gobf Kgmu nlteskoek} g}}eoq}em cr qsltbmbkn }l ml }je OQ@ dls }je @jekkgb gseg ~fff ce meeoem }l ce MD@ dls }jlpe sJlkp ld }f+e setekue mfp}sb`}p ~jf`j gse bk }je oe}slqlfb}gk gseg+3p Ukmes }je fk`fum b} bp uq }l }je P}g}e nlteskoek}p }l }jeHusbpmf`}blk ld }je MQ@ gkm }je OQ@ }l
@lkflsob- Fenbpfg}blk
710
gtlbm `lkdfb`}p& bd gkr+ Cl}j duk`}}lkgf gkm nelnsg/ qjb`gf mefbkeg}blk ld sepqlkpbcbfb}bep gse degpbcfe gkm b} }p uq }l }je P}g}ep }l `jllpe eb}jes ls cl}j.
P}g}` Dfkgk`e @loksbppblkp ]je kez} boqls}gk} qsltbpblk bk }je @lkp}f}u}blkgf Goekmoek} sefg}ep }l }je pe}}bkn uq ld }je P}g}e Dbkgk`e @loo}ppblkp *PD@p"+ P}g}ep jgte dlffl~em uq }je qsltbpblk }jslunj `lkdlsob}5s fg~p gkm gfpl cr ep}gcfbpjbkn }je PD@p+ ]jese jgp kl} ceek gkr sengsm qsepuogcfr ce`gupe P}g}ep sefu`}gk`e bk jlqem }jfp ~lufm dg`bfb}g}e bk`segpem @ek}sgf gppbp}gk`e+ ]je goekmem Gs}b`fe 3:L ld }je @lkp}f}u}flk p}fqufg}ep }jg} }je @ek}sgf Dbkgk`e @loofppblk pjlufm ogie se`looekmg}blkp dls gunoek}}kn }je `lkplfbmg}em dukmp ld }je P}g}ep& fk }je `lk}ez} ld }je sewufseoek}p ld susgf gkm uscgk fl`gf clmbep gkm }gie bk}l `lkpbmesg}blk }je se`looekmg}blk ld }je PD@p+ ]je dbsp} P}g}e Dbkgk`e @loobppblkp ~ese ep}gcfbpjem bk }~ek}r/dfte P}g}ep9 ld }jeo dbd}eek jgte pucob}}em seqls}p+ ]je PD@ se`looekmg}blkp gse sewubsem }l ce qfg`em cedlse }je P}g}e fenbpfg}use gflkn ~b}j .g`}flk }giek seqls}p.+ ]jbp& jl~etes& jgqqekem lkfr bk kfke `gpep+3g Bk pucp}gk`e& }je tgfue ld}je PD@ seqls}p gqqegsp }l ce tgsbem+ Bk ploe `gpep }jer jgte ceek Hup} gk ezes`fpe fk `loqbfbkn setekue mefb`b}p ld }je fl`gf clmfep gkm
dls~gsmbkn }jeo }l }je P}g}e nlteskoek}p bk }je jlqe }jg} }je @ek}sgf Dbkgk`e @loobppblk ~lufm qb`i uq }je }gc+ Bk ploe l}jes `gpep& }je PD@p jgte }sbem }l ~lsi lu} mbtbp}cfe qllf ld }gzep ~jf`j `lufm ce pjgsem ce}~eek }je P}g}e gkm }je fl`gf clmbep+ de~ PD@p jgte gfpl g}}eoq}em }l ~lsi lu} ukf} `lp} ld
pestb`ep gkm klsop dls `gqb}gf gkm setekue
ezqekmb}use+
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lddf`bgf ld qgk`jgrg}p& }je Qgss`jgrg} C}f}f jgm }je fmek}fdf }je p`jemufe pfoffgs gp+ ]je wuep}blk ~gp ~je}jes pu`j fbp} ld pjlufm ce ogme ogkmg}lsr+ f&engf lqbssblk ~gp }jg }je Ukblk Fbp}& }je P}g}e Fbp} gkm }je } Fbp} ld duk`}blkp gkm ql~esp gp `lk}gbkem }k }je P`jemufe ld }je @lkp}f}u}blk `loqs}pem lke ld cgpb` deg}usep+ Pbk`e }je Ukblk Fbp} gysm }je ~ese ksu}ugffr ez`fupbte gkm olp} qd }je P}g}e qslqlpem }l ce ek}sup}em }l }je qgk`jgrg}p
f/uss`}blkgf Ml&og}s
700
gkm oukb`bqgfb}}ep ~lufm ce mesbtem dslo }je P}g}e b} ~gp def} }jg} peqgsg}e fbp}p dls }jbp qusqlpe cgpb` deg}use ld }je @lkp}f}u}blk. ]je ~lufm Puqseoe @lus} Humneoek} bk }je Iepjgtgkgkmg
Cjgsg}} `gpe }jg} }je cgpb` deg}usep ld }je @lkp}b}u}flk `lufm kl} ce gf}esem cr gk Goekmoek} ~gp seqeg}emfr oek}blkem+p B} ~gp& }jesedlse& me`bmem }jg} }je fbp} ld }l ce gppbnkem }l }je qgk`jgrg}p gkm
oukb`bqgfb}bep ~lufm ce bffup}sg}bte sg}jes }jgk ogkmg}lsr+
`gpe ld }je oukf`bqgfb}bep. jl~etes& }je bkb}bgf }jbkfmkn ~gp }jg} }je bffup}sg}bte fbp} ~lufm bk`fume ploe b}eop `lk}gbkem bk }je Ukb.lk gkm bk gmmb}blk }l }je P}g}e Fbp}. B} ~gp @lk`ussek} }jesedlse qslqlpem }jg} cl}j Qgsfbgoek} gkm }je P}g}e
Bk }je
fenbpfg}use `lufm metlfte duk`}blkp }l
bkb}bgf dlsoufg}blk ~gp qseqgsem (s/s+}b#bq#}bUep+ g``lsmbknfr+ Jl~etes& bk tbe~ ld }je lqqlpb}blk }jg} }je Goekmoek} ezes`fpe ~gp peeibkn }l cfqgpp P}g}e nlteskskek}p& &+f} ~gp me`bmem }jg} }je gppfnkoek} ld duk`}flkp ~lufm ce P}g}e nlteskoek} sepqlkpfcff}}r sg}jes }jgk }jg} ld }je @ek}se+ Pbk`e }je Goekmoek}p `goe fk}l edde`} }jese jgp ceek ploe mecg}e fk }je
`luk}sr gclu} }je tgfue ld gk bffup}sg}bte ffp}. Punnep}flkp jgte ceek ogme }jg} }je p`jemufe ld kgngsqgfbigp qgk`jgrg}p gkm duk`}blkp dls pjlufm ce ogme ogkmg}lsr+ B} fp ~ls}j eoqjgpfpfkn }jg} }je qslnseppfte mboukb}blk ld oukb`fqgf}}r.p mlskgbk jgp kl} ceek ce`gupe.ld gkr duk`}blkp gse. Olse gcpek`e ld fg~ lk
ld}ek& }jepe fg~p jgte ceek crqgppem ls `bs`uotek}em. ]je @lkp}b}u}flkgf Goekmoek} ~ek} gp dgs gp b} `lufm }jslunj p`jemufe. g&k bffup}sg}bte fk
Qlues }l }je Qoqfe< petek
msgd}
P`jem
P`jem lcfbng}l P}g}e
pe`}fl
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uscgk
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e+ ]je f3}j bk`lsqlsg}em gp ~eff gp petesgf ld& }je mbp`se}}lkgsHx gppbnkem }l oukb`fqgfb}bep }k }je sbgsblup
Petesgf ke~ f}eop fbie ~efdgse ld }je ^egies
~loek gkm `jbfm meteflqoek}& dgo}fr
bs+Bs Es``ssuf`gulk& sgk efe`}sbdf`g}blk& klk/`lktekbflkgf klk\`wktekulkgf nkes₦5s& ekesns& es}r gffetbgbflk& qucfb` mfp}sbcu}blk pc,p}eo&
e}`+&
gfpl }k`fumem+
`loqf P}knj
Goekmoek} Cbff bk}slyu`em cr }je ssoek}& }jese ~gp kl P`jemufe ld du=`}blkp }je nlteskoek} ~gp ld }je t}e~ }jg} }je gu}jlsb}r ld gff fl`gf clmbep pjlufm dfl~ }je P}g}e nlteskoek}p+ Gp gk ekgcfbkn }je msgd} lkfr seb}esg}em }jg} }je P}g}e ogr ek}sup} }l }je qgk`jgrg}p gkm pu`j duk`}blkp gkm ql~esp gp ke`eppgsr ogr duk`}blk gp ukb}p 1d pefd Gltessfoek}+ B}p} ld duk`}blkp& }j ~gp ukke`eppgsr gkm bkgqqblqs}g}e+ }je Sgl nlteskoek} setbtem }je dls }flkgf Goekmoek}+ }je
Cl}j ~}}j }je ~ese seh
g}
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lkfr dsl
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Etek gk
}je
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D}}k`}}lkgfMlossbk
s05
Bk }je `gpe ld }je oukb`bqgf}}bep& jl~etes&
}je 73}}s P`jemufe ld duk`}flkp ~gp qseqgsem gd}epj. ^jbfe }je mep`sfq}}lk ld ploe b}eop ~gp pboqfbffem& ploe l}jesp ~ese seoltem bk g sg}jes `gpugf ogkkes gp kl} qes}gj}sn oukb`bqgff}bep+ ]je setfpem P`jemufe }jup `lk}gfkem lkfr pfz}eek b}eop gp `loqgsem }l }}se }j}s}r/petek b}eop fbp}em bk }je SgHbt Ngkmjb tespblk+ ]jese bp segffr kl ezqfgkg}}lk gtgffgcfe gp }l ~jr ploe f}eop fbie uscgk jlupfkn& jesb}gne `lkpestg}blk& `b}r qgppeknes }sgkpqls}& e}`+& ~ese lob}}em gf}lne}jes+ B} fp etek olse cgddffkn ~jr ploe b}eop fbp}em bk }je ff}j P`jemufe pu`j gp klk/`lktek}blkgf ekesns. }e`jkb`gf }sgbk}kn gkm tl`g}flkgf emu`g}blk. gmuf}
emu`g}flk& dgobfr ~efdgse& ~loek gkm `jbfm meteflqoek}& ogfk}ekgk`e ld `looukb}r gppe}p& e}`+.
~j}`j ~ese `lkpbmesem fenb}fog}e g`}ftb}fep dls qgk`jgrg}p ~ese ez`fumem bk }je `gpe ld oukf`b/ qgff}fep+.l ]je Hlfk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ee gfpl m}m
kl} pqekm ou`j }boe lk }je fbp}& gqgs} dslo gmmbkn p}see} fbnj}}kn& qgsifkn fl}p& cup p}lqp gkm qucfb` gp lke b}eo gkm senufgUlk ld pfgunj}es jlupep gkm }gkkesbep gp gkl}jes+ ]jepe mfddesek`ep ce}~eek }je 72:2 gkm 7227 tespblkp ld }je Cbff& pl dgs gp }je P`jemufe bp `lk`eskem& jgte ceek oekUlkem bk ploe me}gbf lkfr }l pjl~ }je `gpugfkepp ~jb`j ogsiem }je 7227 setbtgf ld }je Kgngsqgfbig Cfff+ ]gcfe >+ qsltfmep gk ltestfe~+
704
Ql~es }l }je Delqfe]
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f+
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Senufg}blk gkm qslsdbl}blk ld fgkm+upe gkm cubfmbknp ^lsip& Bgkmp gkm cudfmbknp tep}em 'k ls bk }je qwppepp/ blk ld }je Oukf`fqgfb}bep Bktep}oek}& qslol}blk gkm meteflqskek} ld bkmup}sbgf gkm `looes`bgf ep}g}ep
gkm
gkm
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=& Slgmp
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4+ Qucf}`
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70>
DVk`}dlkgf Mlog}ss B}eop fbp}em bk }je >=U7 Goekmoess} G`}
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Msgbkgne& pe~esgne gkm pe~gne mbpQlpgf
Dbse pestb`ep
>+ Dfse pestb`ep
:+ Uscgk dlsep}sr& Qsl}e`}blk Uscgk dlsep}sr ld }je ektfslkoek} gkm qslol}flk ld e`lflnb`gf
2+ Pgdenugsmbkn }je ld }je ~egies pe`}flkp ld }je pl`be}R& bk`fumbkn }je jgkmb`gQQem gkm }je oek}gffR se}gsmem
fL+ Pfuo boqslteoek} gkm uQnsgmg}blk
f+ Uscgk
^efdgse ld }je ~egies pe`}blkp& bk Qgs}b`ufgs ld }je p`jemufem `gp}ep gkm p`jemufem }sbcep Pl`bgf ~efdgse& bk`fumbkn }je ~efdgse ld }je jgkmb/ `gqqem gkm oek}gffR se}gsmem
Pfuo boqslteoek}
qltes}R gffetbg}blk Uscgk gffetbg}blk Qltes}r qslnsgooep
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goekbuep gkm dg`bfb}bep pu`j gp Qgsip& ngsmekp qfgrnslukmp
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70:
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cusbgf
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74+
O}gf
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s02
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@b}r qgppeknes }sgkpqls} gkm l}jes tejb`fep& ~je}jes qslqeffem oe`jgkb`gffr ls l}jes~bpe
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~ese ogme pu`j gp pl`fl/e`lklob` qfgkk}kn&
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s=3
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bk ]gcfe >+3 g} }je ekm ld }jbp
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ezqflb}em }je tbffgnep+ ]je cfllm ld }je tbffgnep bp }je `eoek} ~b}j ~j}ej }je embff`e ld }je `bdfep fp cuff}+#s P}slkn ~lsmp& }kmeem& cu} b} pjlufm ce seoeocesem }Hser ~ese qsloq}em cr NgkmjbHb.p gknubpj gclu} }je me`ffke ld }je tbffgne e`lklor& }je boqg`} ld dlsefnk `fl}j lk bkmbneklup pqbkkfkn gkm ~egtfkn& gkm }je pbqjlkbkn ldd ld }je qslmu`e gkm sg~ og}esbgfp }l dlsefnk ogsie}p+ NgkmjbHb.p tbe~ lk bkmup}sbgfbpgbflk gkm og}esbgfbpo pjlufm kl} ce gppuoem }l `lkter `lkpbp}ek} mekuk`bg}blk ld `bbfep ek ogppe+ Lk }je `lk}sgsr& je ~sl}e qlpb}btefr gclu} `f}}ep gkm }je keem }l ogkgne }jeo qslqesfr+ ++B `lkpbmes orpefd fltes ld oukb`}qgf fbde#& je ~sl}e fk rlukn Bkmbg fk 7232& #B }jbki b} fp sgse qsbtbfene dls qesplk }l dfkm j}opefd bk }je qlpb}blk ld Oukb`}qgf @luk`bffls+++ b} fp pg`sem }gpi }l ce gqqslg`jem pq}sb} ld pestf`e+#3 Efpe~jese je lcpestem }jg}&+}je nlteskoek} jgp jf}jes}l upem }jeo *oukb`bqgf}}}ep" }l `lkplf}mg}e B}p ql~es+ Cu} ~jek }je `fmxekp gse ukb}em }jer `gk g}}gfk ouk}`bqgf jloe sufe bk oloek}++0 ]jese fp B}}dfe qlfk}& }jesedlse& bk fktlmkn Ngkmjy}.p kgoe gkm cefgclus}kn keemfepp `lk}sltespr lk ~jg} seqsepek}p Bkm}g }lmgr/b}p tbffgnep ls `b}bep+ ]je }su}j bp }jer cl}j ml+ Epqe`bgffr fk qlp} Bkmeqekmek} Bkmbg uscgkfpg}flk bp ogfkfr }je pqg}bgf ogk}dep}gdflk ld
7:1
}je `luk}sr+ B} }p }l }je kg
Ql~es }l }}e QQlqBe<
`jgknep ~jb`j jgte p~eq} g`slpp }je
ikl~k }jg} }je `lk}sbcu}flk ld gnsb`uf}use mloep}b` qslmu`} bk qes`ek}gne }esop jgp ceek p}egmbfr nlbkn ml~k& ~jbfe }je pjgse ld gkm& olse pbnkfdf`gk}fr& ld pestf`ep jgp bfr bk`segpfkn+ ]j}p& jl~etes& mlep kl} }skegk ceek me`ffke fk gnsf`uf}use gp pu`j+ Gnsb`s&ff}use gk `lkuku }l eoqflr pbnkbdf`gk} qgs} ld }je fGclus dls`e gkm bk gcplfu}e }esop }je tgfue ld gnsb`uf}usgf qslmu`}p gfpl ceek nlbkn uq+ Bkmeem& fk`segDep bk qslmu`}ft}}r gkm bk`loep jgte essfesnem me}esobkgk} ld uscgkfpgdblk g`slpp gp gk Mfp}s}`}p fbie Fumjbgkg& Nusmgpqus& }je `l
Jfppgs& `ek} }njes sep
fkmup}sr plus`ep `jgknep
m}p}sf`}p eoq mrkgob` qlf}}f`gf efe`}lsg NuHgsg}& dfnuse bp keemp gpfme+
`lkp}f}u
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duoe Qekmjn
Bppuep
fnf
meffof}g}flk pfk`e 72>4 ~j}`j jgp qsetek}em gkr segssgkneoek} ld Fli Pgcjg gkm Gppeocfr `lkp}f}uek`fep lk }je ld `ussek} @lqfkn ~}}j gkm ogkgnbkn }jepe e`lklof` `jgknep
gkm dg`fff}g}fkn olse ewuf}gcfe mfp}sfcudflk ld }je ngfkp gse foqls}gk} `lk`eskp ld fl`gf gp ou`j gp kg}flkgf gkm P}g}e nlteskoek}p+ B} ogiep kl pekpe& }jesedlse& }l gs}}df`fgffr peqgsg}e }je pucp}gk`e ld susgf gkm uscgk pefd/nlteskgk`e+ Meol`sg`r& me`ek}sg/ ffpg}flk& qelqfe.p qgs}}`bqg}flk& eoql~esoek} ld }je ~egies pe`}flkp ld }je pl`fe}r& g``luk}gcfff}r ls qslmo}}r }l `f}fxekp gse gff fppuep ~jf`j `gkkl} ce `fgppfdfem gp e}}jes susgf ls uscgk+ ]jergse }kmftfpfcfe gkm qucfb` qlff`r `gkkl} cu} }seg} }jeo l}jes~}pe+ Gp dls }je qjrpf`gf gpqe`}p ld uscgkfpgdflk& f} fp ld}ek gsnuem }jg} lu}pfme ld oe}slqlff}gk gsegp uscgkfpg}flk qlpep kl ogHls bppuep }k sengsm }l qfgkkfkn& meteflqoek} ls gmofkfp}sgdflk+ ]jfp fp p}oqfr kl} }sue+ Dslo }je f22f `ekpup ~e `gk fkdes }jg} lu} ld gclu} 5LL m}p}sb`}p fk }je `luk}sr gclu} 03L ogr ce sengsmem gp qsemlofkgkdfr susgf fk }je pekpe }jg} uscgk qlqufg}flk fk }jepe m}p}sf`}p fp lkfr gclu} 35 qes `ek} ls fepp+ Lk }je l}jes jgkm& gclu} }jfs}r mfp}sf`}p gse qsemlofkgk}fr uscgk ~f}j }jefs uscgk qlqufg}}lk sgknfkn dslo 51 }l BLL qes `ek}+ Bk }je seogfkfkn jukmsem mbp}sb`}p& uscgk qlqufgUlk fp olse }jgk 35 qes `ek} gkm bp fk`segpfkn sgqfmfr+ Bk petek}r ld }jepe mfp}sf`}p }je me`ekk}gf uscgk nsl~}j sg}e musfkn }je qesflm f2:f/27 ez`eemem 41 qes `ek}+*s Pu`j gse }l ce dlukm g`slpp }je `luk}sr& dls ezgoqfe Igsfokgngs fk Gkmjsg Qsgmepj& Igooq }k Gppgo& Igpgsnlm fk Iesgfg& @j}}sgmusng }k Igskg}gig& Cgkgpigk}jg fk NuHgsg}& ls Se~gsf fk Jgsrgkg+ Olp} ld}jepe mfp}sf`}p jgte g} fegp} mlxek }l~kp ldtgsrfkn
s:3
QlFMes }l }je Qelqfe<
pfxep&
}plfg}fl cr gnsf`uf }je tesr
qsltfpl
}je ls qgs}
}je
pfxe
ep}gc je ogr gk fkm
sg}jes
gkr ld
nsl~}kn dgp}9 }jepe }l~kp gse kl} bpfgkmp bk
cu} `flpefr fbkiem }l }je pusslukmfkn
me+
}jg} uscgkbpg}blk jgp ceek qsloq}em o}` nsl~}j ~je}jes ld bkmup}sr& pestf`ep ls }} bp pusqsbpbkn gkm ukdls}ukg}e }jg} bk fgp} tespblk ld }je >=}j moekmoek} Cbff& ~gp gmmem }l Gs}b`fe 3=0W ~jesecr `lufm ez`fume fkmup}sfgf }l~kpjbqp dslo ld }je G`}+ ]je qsltbpl p}g}ep }jg} #g ogt kl} ce `lkp}b}u}em fk gk uscgk gseg d gp }je Nlteskls ogr& jgtbkn sengsm }l ld }je gseg gkm oukb`bqgf pestb`ep cebkn ls qslqlpem }l ce qsltbmem cr gk bkmffsp}sbgf fk }jg} gseg gkm puej l}jes dg`}lsp gp df}& cr qucff` kl}bdf`g}blk pqe`bP }l ce }l~kpjfq#+ ]j}p qsltfpl gqqeg/sp }l ce gmmf}flk ~jb`j mbm kl} dfnuse g} gff bk egsfbes tespblkp ld }je @lkp}b}u}blkgf
msgd} bk`fumbkn }je lke ~jb`j ~gp Goek seqls}em uqlk cr }je Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek} @loof}}ee+ ]je `l pfmesg}flkp ~j}`j ~ebnjem ~b}j }je } bk ogifkn }jbp qsltbpl gse kl} `fegs+ ]je ~}}j }je pl/`gffem bkmup}sbgf }l~kpjbqp ls }l~kpjfqp fk qlp}/Bkmeqekmek`e Bkmbg jgp lke+ ^jbfe p}gkmgsmp ld qfgkkbkn& ceek jlupfkn slgmp& e}`+& jgte ceek wuf}e jfnj& }je `lp} ld }jeo jgp ceek pesblup cusmek lk }je ]je Qgsffgoek} @loof}}ee lk Qucfb` Bkmup }knp jgm ogme petesgf lcpestg}blkp gclu} }je klk tfgfcfff}r ld pu`j }l~kpjbqp+] Gk ez}ekpbte }umr `loq+skr ls qslHe`} }l~kpjbqp cubf} bk Bkm}g dl`upbkn fk qgs}f`ufgs lk }je pl/ gd}es }l~kpjfqp ld Musngqus& Cjffgb& Cligsl gffem
duoe
7:0
gkm Slusiefg setegfem }jg} }jese jgte ceek peAup dfkgk`bgf gkm ogkgneoek} qslcfeop }k }jepe qoqgkr }l~kpjbqp gqgs} dslo pbnkbdf`gk} pl`bgf fppuep dg`em cr .p}knfe eoqflres gkm b}p `gq}fte. qlqufg}}lk+E ]je ezqesbek`e ~b}j }je pl/`gffem ]g}g Xgofkmgsf ld Hgopjemqus bk Cfjgs jgp gfpl kl} ceek g jgqqr lke e}}jes dls }je `}}bxekp epqe`fgffr }jlpe kl} ~lsifkn dls gkr ld }je ]g}g @loqgkfep ls }je nlteskoek}& sepqlkpbcfe dls megfbkn ~b&}j }je lu} nsl~}j gkm qes}qjesfep ld Hgopjemqus+ Re} }je qsepestg}flk ld }je ]g}g @loqgkr.p Xgobkmgsb p}g}up gqqegsp }l jgte ceek lke ld }je segplkp dls bkpes}bkn }je pqe`}gf qsltbpl+ Bk}eskg}blkgf ezqesfek`e jgp gfpl pjl~k }jg} }l~k& ~jese }je `loqgkr }jbp }rqe ld ogkgneoek} gppuoep g.~loc }l }loc. sepqlkpfcff}}r dls meqekmek} qlqufg}blk& jgp ceek uk~fpe+ Cr mekrfkn qgs}f`}qg}blk }l }je qelqfe bk }je ogkgneoek} ld }je}s }l~k }je `loqgkfep jgte gfpl mek}em }jeopeftep gkr qslpqe`}p ld }gzg}}lk+ Gngfkp} pu`j ezqesbek`e }je qsltbpl }l Gs}f`fe 3=01 bp fke8sqff`gcfe+ Qsbls }l }je Goekmoek} ogkr ld `loqgkr }l~kpjbqp ~ese gmobkbp}esem cr gk Eusgkneoek} ikl~k gp Kl}bdbem Gseg @loob}}eep+ ]je 72:2 Goekmoek} Cbff pqe`bdf`gffr p}g}em }}sg} pu`j KlUbem Gseg @loof}}eep ~lufm ce meeoem }l ce kgn₦ss qgk`jgrg}p fd }jebs qlqufg}blk bp fepp }jgk BL&LLL+ ]je >=}j Goekmoek} gp dbkgffr ekg`}em mlep kl} `lk}gfk gkr pu`j `fgupe+ ]je lkfr semeeofkn deg}use bp }jg} kl P}g}e gqqe₦ssp }l jgte }giek se`luspe }l }jbp qsltbpl pl dgs fk pqe`b-sfkn fkmup}sfgf }l~kpjfqp gkm ez`fumbkn }jeo dslo }je ld }je goekmem `lkp}b}u}flkgf qsltfpblkp+ Obff}gsr `gk}lkoek}p jl~etes jgte gf~grp se/ ogbkem lu} ld }je qustbe~ ld oukb`bqgf fg~p bk olp}
Ql~es }l }}e Qelqfe<
ld 723=
oek}p ]jese Ez`eq tesr
}je l}j dlse oek}
ld }je ~lsfm+ Bk Bkmbg }je @gk}lkoek}p G`} }je gmo}k}p}sg}flk ld pu`j `gk}lk/ Clgsmp `lkp}f}u}em dls }je qwsqlpe+ lkfr pfz}r/}~l pu`j Clgsmp bk }je `wuk}sr+
fk oe}slqlff}gk gsegp ffie
Igkqus& Quke& Pe`ukmesgcgmf @jekkgf& Cgkng/ ls @gf`u}}g ~jese pu`j `gk}lkoeq}p gse qgs} ld }je }l}gf uscgk gnnfloesgbflk& gse ploe~jg} pe`fumem& gkm ml kl} }jese/ qslcfeop ld `llsm}kg&}bkn }jefs meteflq/ }}se pusslukmbkn gsegp+
Mfn}sf`} Qfgkkfkn @loof}}``
gkm }je `luk}st jgte }l pjgse }je sdgsflup qjrpf`gf gkm e`lklof` seplus`ep ld }je mfp}sb@} pu`j }ukf`g}flkp& ~g}es seplus`ep gkm }s.kgsie} gp qfg`ep+ ffl`g}}lk ld ~g}es dls fssbng}blk& msbkibkn& ls fkm fp gfsegmt `lk}ek}blup fppue bk ogjt mbp/ ssn ~b}j eg`j l}jes.p ~gp}ep bp gkl}jes feo+ ]je pungs obff gkm mbp}}ffesr ~gp}ep pesflup ld pogff& oemfuo gkm fgsne ukb}p bk ~ep}/ Qsgmepj& ls }je }ez}ffe gkm mrbkn ukb}p fk NuHgsg} ls Gkmjsg Qsgmepj dluf}ssn gkm ~g}es `luspep gse g ~eff ikl~k qjeklo/ eklk+p ukf`fqgf plffm ~gp}ep/ce }jer `jeof`gfp& qfgp}}`p& jlpqf}gf ~gp}ep ls l}jes mecsbp/pqfff ltes
}k}l }j `luk}srpfme gkm d}km }jefs ~gr bk}l
fkn gkm
cu}
dlso }l kfkn fp
p}segop+ Gnsb`uf}usgf fgkmp g} }je dsbkne fgsne ls pogff& gse fk`segpfknfr qslke }l ]jepe gse qslcfeop }jg} keem ukme}sp}gkm/ qlkpe& kl} bk mbp}gk} P}g}e jegmyugs}es }je fl`gf gseg+ ]je mbp}sb`} keemp qfg}/ qfse gkm seplfte }jepe fppuep+ Mfp}sb`} qfgk/ foqls}gk} qsl`epp dls }je qusqlpe+
Ploe Qekmbkn Bppuep
7:5
^jbfe olp} ld }je P}g}ep jgte qsltbmem dls M}p}s}`} Qfgkkfkn @loof}}eep *MQ@p" bk }je `lkdlsof}r fg~p gkm ploe fbie Gkmjsg Qsgmepj gkm Lsfppg jgte nl} peqgsg}e fg~p dls pe}}bkn uq }je MQ@p& bk }je ffsp} bkp}gk`e lkfr petek p}g}ep/Jgsrgkg& Igskg}gig& Ogmjrg Qsgmepj& SgHgp}jgk& ^ep} Cekngf& ]goff Kgmu gkm Iesgfg/ep}gcfbpjem MQ@p gp ektbpgnem fk }je qsl`epp jgp ceek mefgrem >=}j Goekmoek}+sl ogbkfr ce`gupe ld ploe cusegu`sg}b` gkm lsngkfpg}blkgf bppuep+ Dbsp} bp }je dg`} }jg} }je qsltb/ pblkp lk m}p}sb`} qfgkkbkn gse }l ce dlukm fk }je >=}j Goekmoek}+ sg}jes }jgk }je >0sm Susgf Meteflqoek} meqgs}oek}p bk }je tgsblup P}g}e nlteskoek}p jgte }sgmb}blkgffr sengsmem mbp}s}`} fetef qfgkkbkn gp dgffbkn bk }jebs mlogbk cu} pbk`e }jer dfkm }jg} }je qsltfpflkp dls }je MQ@ gse kl~ qgs} ld }je >=}j @lkp}b}u}blkgf Gskekmoek}& ukmes }je }}}fe ploe}boep Qgs} BZ Oukb`bqgff}bep& }jebs jgp ceek }jg} }jepe `loob}}eep gse }je `lk`esk ld Uscgk Meteflqoek} ls Oukb`bqgf Gddgbsp meqgs}/ oek} fk }je P}g}e+ ]jepe meqgs}oek}p& lk }je l}jes jgkm& ml kl} jgte `fue gclu} }je lcHe`}btep gkm qusqlpep ld }je Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn @loob}}ee gkm ez/ qe`} }jg} ploe l}jes meqgs}oek}& fbie Qfgkkbkn& ~fff }gie `gse ld b}9 ]je sepuf} bp }jg} }je b}eo ld}ek ce/ `goe lsqjgkem ce}~eek mbpbk}esep}em meqgs}oek}p+
pe`lkm ukseplftem bppue jgp ceek }je
sefg}blkpjbq ce}~eek }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm gkm }je MQ@+ ]je goekmem @lkp}f}u}blk ektbpgnep }je MQ@ gp p}gkm gflke ek}b}r+ ^jbfe Gs}b`fe 3=0 XM qsltbmep dls oeocesp ld MQ@ }l ce efe`}em cr gkm dslo golknp} Qgsbpjgm gkm ld }je }je efe`}em oeocesp ld }je oukb`}qgfb}fep bk }je mbp}sf`}& b} mlep kl} pqe`bP }je sefg}flkpjfq ce}~eek }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm gkm }je MQ@+
7:4
Qlues }g }je8 Qelqfe<
nlteskoek}p jgte& }jesedlse& ceek fed} }l ]je msg~ l~k fk}esqse}g}flkp+ Bk Gppgo& Igsksg}gig& Iesgfg& gkm ^ep} Cekngf }je P}g}e fg~p ektbpgne }je MQ@ gp qgs} ld }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm+# ]je ld}je Qgsbpjgm bp gfpl mepbnkg}em gp ld }je MQ@+ Bk Ogmjrg Qsgmepj ofssbp}es nlteskoek} }p }je @jgbsqesplk ld }je ld }je gkm ezqe`}em }l fegm gkm nubme mbp}sb`} qfgkkbkn ~f}j }je jefq ld }je mbp}sb`} gmo/bkbp}sg}blk+f3 ]je ld }je Xfffg Qgsbpjgm bp Tb`e @jg}kogk+ NuHgsg} jgte flkn jgm Mbp}sb`} Qfgsobkn M~eflqoek} @loob}}eep ~b}j ofkbpses nlteskoek} gp }je @jgfsqesplk+ ]je tbe~ ld }je nlteskoek}p jgp ceek }jg} }jepe ld }jepe gse gk gmewug}e pucp}b}u}e dls }je MQ@p+ Jl~etes& }l duffbf }je @lkp}b}u}blkgf lcfbng}blk& bk L`}lces 22: Ogjgsgpj}sg ekg`}em g peqgsg}e Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkdkn @loskf}}ee G`}+.0 ]je G`} qsltbmep dcs }je skbkfp}es `jgsne ld }je mbp}sb`} }l ce }je @jgbsqesplk ~jffe Xbffg Qgsbpjgm Qsepbmek}& }je @EL ld }je
Qgsbp }je Mbt}pblkgf gkm }je @lffe`}ls ld }je Mfp}sb`} gse ez/lddd`bl oeocesp+ ]je G`} gfpl }jg} }je @lffe`}ls pjgff ce }je Oeoces }gsr+ ]je Ogjgsgpj}sg nlteskoek} jgp }jup `l b}p qgp} gqqslg`j ld Xbffg gp lke }je fl`gf clmfep ~j}`j ~bff ce fktlftem mfp}s}`} qfgkkbkn cu} kl} }gie }je fegm+
Mf`}sf`} ]je
MQ@
tgsflup
gkm MQ@ ld }je mbp}sb`} gmobkbp}sg}flk tbp/g/tfp }je
b}pefd ceek og}}es ld `lkpfmesgcfe }r gkm `lkdupblk+ Etek cedlse }je
kgf Goekmoek}& }je seqsepek}g}btep ld meqgs}oek}p g} }je mbp}sf`} fetef mbm
duoe Qekmbkn Bppuep
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kl} sengsm mbp}sb`} qfgkkbkn gp gk bk}ensg}em ezes`bpe. Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn Clgsmp ls @luk`bfp& cr ~jg}etes kgoe `gffem& ~ese sengsmem olse gp `loob}}eep dls jefqbkn lu} bk}esmeqgs}oek}gf `llqesg}blk bk }je foqfeoek}g}blk ld tgsblup p`jeoep+ ]je dlsoufg}blk ld qfgkp gkm qslHe`}p& dbkgk`bgf gffl`g}blkp& p`jeoe gqqsltgf& }e`jkb`gf puqestbpblk& olkb}lsbkn. e}`.& ~ese gff `lkp}mesem }je sepqlkp}cbfb}r ld }je `lk`eskem pe`}lsgf meqgs}oek}+ ]je @lffe`}ls ls }je Mbp}sf`} Ognbp}sg}e ~gp sengsmem g} cep} gp `llsmbkg}ls sg}jes }jgk fegmes ls `gq}g}k ld}je }ego ldmbp}sbe} lddf`bgfp. Bk dg`}+ }ego gp pu`j mbm kl} segffr emp} ez`eq} fk kuoesb`gf pekpe+ Bd ploe @lffe`}lsp bkmeem qesdlsoem gp `gq}gbk& f} ~gp olse ce`gupe ld }}sefs qesplkgfb}r gkm }je mensee ld puqqls} }jer se`eftem dslo }je P}g}e nlteskskek}+ ]je fgknugne ld }je @lkp}b}u}flkgf Goekmoek} jgp gfpl kl} jefqem }l `fgsd }je ogkmg}e ld }je MQ@+ P`jemufep f7 gkm 73 f}p}em tgsblup b}eop }l ce ek}sup}em }l }je qgk`jgrg}p gkm }je oukb`bqgfb}fep ~jf`j ~lufm sewubse pe`}ls/~bpe qfgkkbkn. Gqgs} dslo }je P`jemufe& }je ogbk clmr ld }je }~l G`}p gfpl pqe`fdbep #}je qseqgsg}blk ld qfgk dls e`lklob` meteflqoek} gkm pl`bgf hup}b`e# gp oghls qusqlpe ld }je qgk`jgrg}p gkm }je oukb`bqgf}}bep tbme Gs}b`fep gkm3=0^+ ]je qsepuoq}blk& }jesedlse& bp }jg} 3=n cl}j susgf gkm uscgk fl`gf clmbep ~lufm dlsoufg}e qfgkp dls }jefs sepqe`}bte gsegp gkm }jek }jer ~lufm ce `lkplffmg}em g} }je mbp}sb`} fetef+ G} }je pgoe }boe& #}je `lkplffmgdflk gkm qseqgsg}blk ld msgd} meteflq/ oek} qfgk dls }je mbp}sb`} gp g~jlfe# sewufsep og}}esp ld `loolk fk}esep} ce}~eek }je qgk`jgrg}p gkm }je oukb`bqgfb}bep }l ce `lkpfmesem& bk`fumbkn pqg}bgf qfgkkbkn& pjgsbkn ld ~g}es gkm l}jes qjrpb`gf gkm
7::
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`lkplff g}e+ B} gfpl lcpest₦m pe`}lsgf }p ld P}g}e ml kl} segffr pucp`sbcwf}l }je `lk`eq} }jebs qfgkp `lktesnbkn bk pqg}bgf pekpe bk }je mbp `}+ Ld}ek }jebs g}}b}ume bp }jg} gkr qfgk cr Xfffg Qgsbpjgm ls g Mbp}sf`} qfgkkbkn @loof bp Hup} gkl}jes pe`}lsgf qfgk gkm pjlufm ce }seg fk }je pgoe ogkkes gp gkt l}jes }gf qfgk+ ]jup p`lqe gkm pucp}gk`e ld m}p}sf`} qfgjkfkn& jl~etes u`j b}p mepfsgcbf}}r& jgp seogfkem test
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tesr cgmfr foqfeoek}em b}eo }sgffpg}blk gnekmg+ ^jese Mq@ jmp kl} ~}}jbk gXfffg Qgsbpjgm& }je l~kespjbq ld }}pefd jgp kl} ceek gqqgsek}+ ]je Mq@ bp gp lke/pjl} lke/}bdke @loof}}ee+ B} `lkpfmesem qgk`jgrg}b sgh }rqe ld clmr gk gm jl` nsluq gp bk ]gobf Kg`fu+ Bk Ogmjrg Qsgmepj& NuHgsg}& gkm Ogjgsgpj}sg jgp ceek }jg} mbp}sb`} qfgkkbkn `gk ce }je qlff`fep& qsblsb}bep gkm qfgkp ld }je lkfr }d obkbp}es ld }je P}g}e
Ploe Qekm}kn Bppuep
s:2
nlteskoek} qsepbmep ltes }je qsl`epp. ]j}p ogr kl} d&e dsee ld qslcfeop+ obkbp}es mepbnkg}em }l jegm je MQ@ ogr ls ogr kl} jgbf dslo }jg} mfp}sb`}. Bd mlep& }jese ogr ce `jgsnep dslo jbp deffl~ obkbp}esp }jg} je }p }sr}kn }l `seg}e qesplkgf dbedmlo bk }je m}p}sf`}+ Bd je mlep kl}& gkm bp p}bff klofkg}em }l jegm deef }je MQ@& ofkbp}esp jg}ffkn dslo }jg} mbp}sb`} ogr fed} lu} gkm gfpl `loqfgfk }jg} }je MQ@ `jgbsogk jgp kl ikl~femne ld }je mfp}s}`}. ]je wuep}flk ~fff gfpl seogfk gp }l ~jl bp sepqlkpfcfe }k }je P}g}e }je Gppeocfr dls og}}esp dgffbkn ~b}j}k }je gocb} ld MQ@+ ^bff f} ce }je obkbp}es ld }je gmo}kfp}sg}bte meqgs}oek} dls }je qgk`jgrg}p& }je pe`}lsgf ofkbp}es `lk`eskem& ls }je ofkfp}es mepbnkg}em dls }je mbp}sf`}< Ukmesffk}kn gff }jepe `lkdf}`}bkn qlpb}flkp fp }je }l ce`loe degs }jg} fd mfp}s}`} fetef qfgkkbkn ~gp }kmeem ouf}f/pe`}lsgf gkm fk}es/meqgs}oek}gf gkm gfpl `ltes qslhe`} gffl`g}flk& olkf}lsbkn gkm puqeOpflk. b} ~lufm +ssu#f}r ekjgk`e }je ql~es gkm bkdfuek`/e ld }je Xfffg Qgsdpjgm gkm l}jes fl`gf clm}ep bk }je mbp}sf`}. ]jese }p qsetg}fbkn tfe~ }jg} dls ploe regsp }l `loe. }k }je me`ek}sgf}pg}}lk ~}ff ce g``eq}em. bd g} gff. lkfr nsgo pgcjg& }je tfffgne qgk`jgrg}/ ls }je pogff }l~k bsukf`fqgfb}r+ Bk }esop ld qlqufg}}lk. efe`}lsg}e. eze`u}fte ql~es ls gu}jlsb}r }jepe fetefp gse sengsmem }l }je gp ogkgnegcfe gkm kl} qes`ebtem gp }jseg} qlff}f`gf fegmespj}q ld }je P}g}e. Lk }je l}jes jgkm. lss# oltep uq }je p`gfe gkm megfp ~}}j }je m}p}s}`}p. ## }l~kp gkm fgsne `b}r& }je fegmespjbq }ekmp }l oemfuo ce olse gqqsejekpfte gclu} fl`gf gu}lklor gkm gu}jlsf}r. ]je mfp}sf`} fp }je dfsp} ogHls fetef ~jese }je meogkm dls fl`gf gu}lklor gkm }je mepfse dls P}g}e `lk}slf gse f}iefr }l `loe bk}l `lkdff`}. Bmek}f`gf
degsp pusdg`em mus}kn }je f2>Lp ~jek }je Xbffg
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B}pefd& ls ss }jg} og}}es ~jg} `lkpm}u}ep }bes ld ~gp fllpefr ukmesp}llm& gkm etek olse fllpefr `uppem/sgknbkn dslo Xbffg qgsbPjgmp qesdl gmtbplsr duk`}blkp lk }je lke jgkm& }l mfse`}fr &feoek}bkn ploe p`jeoep lk }je l}jes+ ]je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm b}pefd jgp kl} ceek `lk`ebtem bk }je @l blkgf Goekmoek} gp clmr gmewug}efr ls sedfe`}bkn }je `jgsg`}esbp}b`p wd }je mbp}sb`}+ }e }f8e cufi ld b}p oeocesp gse }l ce efe`}em }essb}lsbgf `ckp}b}uek`bep& Gs}b`fe 3=5 gffl~p P}g}ep }l qsltbme dls }je seqsepek}gbflk ld kp ld bk}esoembg}e fetef qgk`jgrg}p bk }je bp}sb`} ef+ ]je bk}esoembg}e qgk`jgrg}p& bk }usk&
Ploe Qekmbkn Bppuep
f2s
`gk jgte seqsepek}g}btep dslo }}se tbffgne qgk`jgrg}p. ]je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm bp& }jesedlse& sengsmem gp }je gqez ld susgf qgk`jgrg}p }jlunj bk g`}ugf dg`} }jbp keem kl} ce pl+ Bd}je }essb}lsbgf `lkm}b}uek`bep gse qslqesfr
mefbkeg}em& }}se Xfffg Qgsbpjgm.p `loqlpb}blk ~lufm sedfe`} }je susgf/uscgk `jgsg`}es ld}je m}p}sb`}. Duke ls Kgnqus Xbffg Qgsfpjgm ~bff kl} ce }je pgoe gp }jg} ld Pgkn}d ls Pg}gsg9 kls ~bff }je @lbocg}lse mfp}sf`} qgk`jbrg} ce }je pgoe gp }jg} ld Mjgsogqusb. Xbffg Qgsbpjgm.p `loQlpb}flk bp Jlqeduffr& Bd gmewug}efr seqsepek}g}bte ld }je mbp}sb`}.p susgf ls uscgk `jgsg`}es& b} ~bff ce sedfe`}em bk b}p fegmespjbq gp ~eff+ B} ~lufm gfpl jefq bd ploe seqsepek}g}blk fk }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm bp nbtek }l }je uscgk fl`gf clmbep gp ~eff& bk }je pgfke ogkkes gp Qgk`jgrg} Pgob}bp. ]je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm `lufm }jek ce sengsmem gp olse cslgm/cgpem meol`sg}b`gffr `loqlpem clmr g} }je mbp}sf`} fetef ~b}j }je ql}ek}bgf }l eoesne gp mbp}sb`} nlteskoek} sg}jes }jgk gk gqez susgf qgk`jgrg}. ^jr ~ese }jepe wuep}blkp kl} sgbpem cedlse msgd}bkn }je @lkp}b}u}}lkgf Goekmoek}p< Bkmeem }jer ~ese }l ploe ez}ek}+ SgHft Ngkmjf sgbpem }jeo ~jek je gmmseppem }je Mfp}sb`} Ognbp}sg}ep musbkn }je ~lsipjlq pesbep lk Sepqlkpbte Gmobkbp}sg}blk usnbkn }jeo }l `lkpfmes .jl~ cep} }l ogssr }je bkp}b}u}blkp ld Qgk`jgrg}b SgH ~b}j }je sewubseoek}p ld Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn+ Qgk`jgrg}} Sgh ~b}jlu} mbp}sb`} qfgkkbkn obnj ce ploe~jg} jlffl~ pjeff& etek gp mbp}sb`}
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usnem `lkpbmesg}blk ldjl~ }l sefg}e+ gkm fk}ensg}e& me`ek}sgfbpg}blk ld ql~esp gkm fff}fep }l }je mbp}sb`} fetef cr olcbff}pfkn ogbk}g}kfkn dl`up lk ploe qsbls}}r gsegp keemp& sewubseoek}p ld }je ~cgies cr `jgknbkn }je qg}eskgfbp}}` olmef ld }flk }l ogie b} olse sepqlkpfte qg}lsr+ Je jgm gfpl sgbpem }je wuep}blkp8 keemp ld sepqlkpbte mbp}sbs`} gmobkbp}}g}blk cr Xfffg Qgsfpjgm ~jb`j bp gifk }l dlso ls ~lufm b} ce ce}}es }l jgte ld clmbep ~b}j peqgsg}e Husbpmf`}flkp< Gkm slfe fk mbp}sb`} qfgkkbkn bp gppbnkcm }l jgm jl~ ml ~e gppl`bg}e l}jes efe`}em }ftep fbie OQp gkm OB Gps+sl +e mfm }gie qfg`e& cu} }je qgs}b`bqgk}p Qesjgqp SgHbt Ngkmjb def} olse `lodls}\ jbp bmegfp gkm bmegp ~b}j nsluq fbie bp}sg}ep ~jl bk gne gkm }eoqes og}cjem }jfp ~lsipjlq pesbep& gp ~eff gp fk }je gkm peofkgsp }jg} dlfflstem+ jgm `gu}blkem }jese ~lufm ce sepbp\ gqqslg`jep& ~je}jes dslo qlffu`fgsbp ls
}gk`e }l l}jes e`j lkp ld cusegu`sg`r+ Jbp jlqe ~gp }jg} lk`e }je }}}u}blkgf ogkmg}e ~gp pe`usem& sjlp} qelqfe ~l `loe gslukm }l ezqflse gkm metbpe }je fengf gkm gkbpg}blkgf gssgkneoek}p&dls mbp}sf`} qfgk\ kbkn }l ce u} bk qfg`e+
]jg} mb
jgqqek+ Olse pl& bslkb`gffr& fk ^ep} Cekngf gkm Iesgfg ~jb`j ~ese p}sbmek}fr tl`gf mufbkn }je mecg} lk }je Goekmoek}+ ]jepe }~l P}g}eb
jgte ogme me`ek
dsgoe ld
kpfmesgcfe qslnsepp }l~gsmp oegkbknduf }flk& n}tbkn dfepj gkm pucp}gk`e }l f}}se @lkp}}}u}blkgf Goekmo₦k}+ ]je Iedgfg
duoe Qekmb}}n Bppuep
720
P}g}e Qfgkkbkn Clgsm jgp }giek }je }kb}bg}bte bk fguk`jbkn }}bn}}}r qgs}b`bqg}lsr gkm ~bmepqsegm qfgkkbkn fsl`epp+ ]je Qelqfep Qfgk @goqgbnk gp b} bp F}}l(}}& jgp ekgcfem }je 7&7=3 tbffgne gkm cfl`i ##( qgk`jgrg}p }l qseqgse meteflqoek} qfgkp dls }jebs ~b}j }je jefq ld p}g}bp}f`gf gkm l}jes l(s&
#b+## `loqbfem cr tgsblup tlfuk}gsr bkdlsog}blk
lsngkbpg}blkp+ s]]je Iesgfg Pgpj}jsg Pgjb}rg Qgsbpjgm jgm p}sl~k }je ~gr dls }jbp bk pogff qgk`jgrg} `gffem Igfrgppesf bk Igkkus Mbp}sb`}. ]je bk}ensg}flk ld }jepe qgk`jgrg} qfgkp gp ~eff gp }jlpe qseqgsem cr dbd}r/dfte oukb`bqgfb}bep gkm }jsee `lsqlsg}blkp bp }}se }gp} ld }je dlus}eek Mbp}sb`} Qfgkkbkn @loob}}eep bk }je P}g}e+ Jegmem cr }je Xbffg Qgsbpjgm `jgbsqesplk. gkm puqqls}em cr tlfuk}gsr }e`jkb`gf qsldeppblkgfp.
}je MQN ~ese gcfe }l g``loqfbpj }j}p fk}ensg}blk ~jbfe `loqfeoek}bkn }je qg`ignep ~f}j }jebs l~k
qfgkp+7: Dls}r qes `ek} ld }je lu}fgr ld Iesgfg.p Kbk}j bbte/Regs Qfgk bp g``luk}em dls cr }je Qelqfep. Qfgk.
Gqgs} dslo qfgkkfkn& }je metlfu}blk ld ql~esp gkm duk`}}lkp gkm& olse }oqls}gk}fr& }je }sgkpdes ld }je sefg}em gmobkbp}sg}bte gqqgsg}up }l }je `lk}slf ld }je susgf gkm uscgk fl`gf clmbep jgte sekmesem Iesgfg.p b}p me`ek}sgfbpg}flk qslnsgooe lke ld }je fgsnep} ld ibkm }k }je ~lsfm+}e ^ep} Cekngf& gkl}jes P}g}e bk }je dlsedslk} ld lqqlpb}flk }l k=bt Ngkmjb& jgp ceek fgsnefr pu``eppduf bk }kdupbkn pucp}gk`e gkm p}sekn}j }l }je lcHe`}btep G`} ~gp ld }je @lkp}b}u}}lkgf Goekmoek}. B}p lke ld }je dfsp} fk }je `luk}sr pqe`bdd}kn }je Qsepfmek} ld }je X}ffg Qgs}pjgm gp }je `jgbsqesplk ld }je MQ@ gkm }je MO,@lffe`}ls gp }je Pe`se}gsr.3l ]je ^ep} }jg} Cekngf G`} jgp }giek qgs}}`ufgs `gse }l ekpuse }}se cq@ gmmseppep cl}j susgf gkm uscgk bppuep
Ql}ues }l }je qelqfe<
qsltbpblk ld gk uscgk &meteflqoek} puc\ e+ ]je ^ep} Cekngf qgkmjgrg} G`} ld f2X0 }je @lkp}f}u}blkgf Goekmskek}& b} qsltbmeH gHf fte ogkmg}e dls }je Xbffg qgsbpjgmp `ltesbkn }je eze`u}blk gkm ogbss}ekgk`e ld tgsblu9 `lk}slf ltes `looukb}r gppe}p& puqedVsbpbkn ql~esp es }je bk}esoembg}e qgk`jgrg}p gkm tbffgnH qgk ql~es }l fetr &}lffp& sg}ep& gkm deep+ e}`_& Bk }je gie ld }je @lkp}b}u}blkgf Goekmoedf}+ }je MQ@ G`} jgp gmmem }l }jbp ogkmg}e+ Bp
Ogszbp} qgsgblz< ce gsnuem }jg} pu`j ez}ekpbte metlfu}blk ld bk Iesgfg gkm ^ep} Cekngf jgp ceek qlppbcfe lkfr upe ld }je mlobkgk`e gkm `lk}}kub}r ld }je qlfb}b`gf espjbq+ ]je wuep}blk jgp ceek sgbpem jl~g qgs}r bp gcfe }l se`lk`bfe +meol`sg}b` `ek ~jb`j bp }je qgs}r.p lsngkbpbkn qsbk`bqfe&
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p}lsr+ Gclu} =1 qes `ek} ld }je fl`gf }g gkm gclu} 01 qes `ess} bk ^ep} Cekngf cr Lqqlpb}blk qgs}bep& G} fegp} bk }jepe ld }je #qgs}r clppepb. ~lufm kl} suk+ cl}j }je P}g}ep gfpl qlbk} lu} }je dgffg`t fg}blk }jg} .me`ek}sgfbpg}blk. jgp ceek &sp+b }je `ek}sgfbpo ld }je qgs}r+ ]jebs wuep}blk "ooukbp} qgs}r bp segffr pl gu}jlsb}gsbgk b} ~gk} }l pjgse ql~es ~b}j }je Lqqlpb}blk fetef<33 Qsbog dg`be }je flnb` ld }je `lktfk`bkn9 }jg} ql~esp jgte fkmeem ceek gfpl clske lu} cr }je dg`}p+ re} qgs}bpgk
Ploe Qekmbkn
fpzs`p
725
qlf}U`p bp kl} }l}gffr gcpek}+ ^jek ploe Ogk`}p} oeocesp mede`}em gkm }sbem }l seolte }je `jgbsogk dslo qgk`jgrg} bk Qgrrgtus& Iesgfg tbffgne. }je @QO P}g}e fegmespjbq }sbem }l qsetek} }jg} cr p}slkn gso }g`}b`p gkm gfpl cr dus}jes goekmbkn }je gk}f/ mede`}flk fg~p+ ]je nfgse ld }je oembg gkm `lus} mbse`}btep ogme }je fegmespjbq se}sg`e b}p pjgqep gkm se`lk`ffw b}pefd }l }je #flpp# ld }je qgk`jgrg}. ]je .Qgrrgtus Qls}ek}.~gp jbnjfbnj}em cr ke~pqgqesp gp gk/lobklup pbnk dls qgk`jgrg}p cu} dls}ukg}efr }je etek} jgp kl} ceek seqeg}em efpe~jese.30 `loqfez Pjgsbkn ld qlfb}f`gf ql~es bp qjekloeklk fk gkr pb}ug}blk+ B} `gkkl} ce seplftem fkslun}s }jelse}b`gf `sb}bwuep lk pbknfe ls ouf}b/qgs}r sufe& ls lsngkfpgbflkgf gssgkneoek}p jl~etes.efgclsg}e }jer ogr ce+ ]je qslcfeop ld ql~es pjgsfkn gfpl
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313 petesgf
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Ploe Qekmon Bppuep
310
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}je `gk ce fed} }l }je P}g}e fenbpfg}usep+ ]je Hq@ dus}jes ooekmem }jg} }je P}g}ep `lufm qsltbme dls l}j `loob}}eep g} }je bk}esdkembg}e fetef+ ]je bk}ek }jup ~gp `fegs }jg} ^gsmp @loob}}eep ~lufm lqesg}e g} }je kebnjclusjllm fetef gkm }}ssesecr qslzbob}r ce}~eek }je qelqfe gkm }jebs ekjgk seq }btep+ B} ~lufm gfpl ce gk boqls}gk} dlsuo }l ep}gc g``luk}gcbfb}r gkm qsltbme gk lqqls}ukb}r dls }je qelqfe }l jgte pgr bk jl~ }je `b}r nlte k}p qesdlso bk }jebs l~k fl`gfb}bep+ Bk gmmb}blk ls bk}esoembg}e `loob}}eep `lufm ce dus}jes use ld me`ek}sgfbpg}blk+ ]je ezbcbfb}r gffl~em }l }je P}g}e nlteskfoek}p jgp upem sg}jes `rkb`gffr }l g`jbete }je lqqlpb}e ld Iesgfg gkm ^ep} Cekngf gse }je lkfr P}g}ep ese `loob}}ee jgp ceek qsltbmem dlD eg`j ~gsm+ Bk }jes P}g}ep& }je ^gsm @loob}}eep gse dls nsluq ld ~jb`j jgp }jup bk`segpem sg}jes }jgk semu`em mbp}gk`e ce}~eek }jes `b}bxek gkm }jebs seqsepek }btep+ Bk Jrmesgcgm& ^gsm @loob}}ee bp }l eltes fepp }jgk }ek ~gsmp+3l Bj ]go}f Kgmu gkm b} bp }l `lkpbp} ld `lk}bnulup ~gsmp+ Bk
Gudjlsb}G& G``lus}gcbfb}G gkm Qslzbob}n }l
@b}bxekp
337
Ogjgsgpj}sg pbknfe oeoces efe`}lsgf ~gsmp gse }je cgpb` cubfmbkn cfl`i dls `lkp}b}u}bkn `lsqlsgdflk }jlunj gmobkbp}sg}bte ~gsmp ogr `loqsbpe nsluqp ld }jeo+ ]je Nseg}es Ouocg} @lsqlsg}blk& dls ezgoqfe&
`lkpbp}p ld 35 gmobkbp}sg}bte ~gsmp ~b}j 33 @luk`}fflsp+ Eg`j gmobkbp}sg}bte ~gsm jgp& lk gk
gtesgne& qlqufg}blk ld dbte }l pbz fgijp gkm `ltesp gk gseg ld 31 pw io+ Bk ieeqbkn ~b}j }je eppek`e ld }je Goekmoek}& b} ~lufm jgte ceek gqqslqsbg}e }l pe} uq ^gsm @loob}}eep gslukm g `luk`bffls.p ~gsm ls dls pogffes nsluq ld }jeo+ Bkp}egm& }je ~jlfe gmobkbp}sg}bte ~gsm jgp ceek }giek gp }je gseg dls ^gsm @loob}}ee+ ]je @loob}}ee.p oeocespjbq bp }l `lkpbp} ld gff }je @luk`bfflsp *7L }l f5". de~ `lsqlsg}blk lddb`bgfp gkm kl} olse }jgk }jsee KNL seqsepek}g}btep klofkg}em cr }je `luk`bfflsp.3s Gp gngbkp} g `ebfbkn ld }~ek}r/dbte& }je kuoces ld ^gsm @loob}}eep ep}gcfbpjem bk }je CO@ bp pbz}eek. Bk @jekkgf& }je 755 oukb`bqgf ~gsmp gse nsluqem
bk}l }ek ^gsmp @loob}}eep& eg`j seqsepek}bkn
qlqufg}blk ld `flpe }l dlus fgijp+ Cgkngflse.p ^gsmp @loob}}eep `ltesp gk gtesgne qlqufg}blk ld gclu} }~l fgijp+ Bk edde`}& }jepe gse Xlkgf @loob}}eep gkm kl} ^gsm @loob}}eep+33 ]jese bp. ld `luspe& kl fengf cgs }l }jbp cu} }je `loqlpb}blk ld }jepe ^gsmp @loob}}eep `fegsfr ce}sgrp }je bk}ek}blk ld }je P}g}e nlteskoek}p kl} }l sengsm }jeo gp qfg}dlsop dls qucfb` bk}esg`dflk pbk`e }jepe `loob}}eep gse }l `lkpfp} lkfr ld }je efe`}em `luk`bfflsp gkm& bk de~ `gpep& pqsfkif}kn ld klk/lddb`bgfp+ G} gkr sg}e. }je qlqufg}blk `ltesgne ld }jepe `loob}}eep qse`fumep gkr g`}bte qgs}}`bqg}blk ld `f}bxekp+ Bk `loqgsbplk& ^gsm @loob}}ee bk @gf`u}}g ls ]sbtgkmsuo ~bff qlqufgUlk ld =L&LLL }l >L.LLL+
333
qgs}b`f @loob
cr }je
}je
gkm `l lsn }je klobkg lk`e bk PU
~b}jbk lobkg cr }je oek}blk P}g}ep&
cr }je B} bp }je
Ql~es }l }fe qelqfe<
jgp qsltbmem cr dgs }je}olp} cslgmf/cgpem }lsr gssgkneoek}+ Eg`j ld }je ^gsm ~bff jgte }je efe`}em `luk`bffls gp b}p gkm kl} olse }}sgk dfd}r qesplkp klssfbkg}em `bqgf `jgbsqesplk bk `lkpuf}g}blk ~b}j +30 Jegmp ld emu`g}flkgf bkp}b}sfs}blkp+ }btep ld sepbmek}p. gpplmbg}blkp& bkmfup}sbgf ep}gcfbpjoek}p& pqls}p gkm `}sf}usgf lkp& ml`}lsp bk nlteskoek} gkm qsbtg}e }sgme ukblkp gkm qslobkek} `b}bxekp gse lsbep dslo ~jb`j }jepe qesplkp gse }l ce + ]je ^gsm @loob}}ee bp }l oee} g} fegp} }jsee olk}jp gkm b} bp nbtek ql~csp }l meteflqoek} gkm l}jes oukb`bqgf g`}btb}bep ~gsm+ Bk ^ep} Cekngf& }je pbxe ld }je ^gsm tgsbep dslo petek }l dlsus}eek& jgfd }l ce cr }je ~gsm `luk`bffls gkm }je l}jes jgfd sg}blk+ Jese gngbk& }}se `g}enlsbmp gse Bk Igskg}gig& Nuhgsg} gkm ploe l}jes ld }je `loob}}ee gse }l klobkg}em }e nlteskoek}+ Bk Gkmjsg Dsgmepj& }je gse }l `lkpbp} ld lkfr ~gsm `luk`bffflsp+3g bk Mefjb& cu} ploe }jfkibkp jgp p}gs}em Sepbmek}p. Gppl`bg}flkp }l ukmcs}gie g`}btb}bep gkm flli gd}es `lokfukb}t kebnjclusjllm+ ep ezqgkm gkm mekpbdd& qslcfeop ld }sscgk ogkgneoek} ~bff ls}fr ce`loe olse ]je olsqjlflns gkm }je pl`bl/e`ldblob` ld }je `b}bep gse gfpl jbnjfr tgsbem+ Orf}gqlse gse kl} }je pgoe Slrgqusgo ls Pghfmgqe}
lk de~m qgsip bk Gp nsl~}j `loqfez+ p}su`}use gkm bk @jek gb+ Cgkhgsg Jbffp bk Jrmesgcgm bp kebnjcl jllm tgp}fr mbddesek} d}lo @jgskfbkgs+ Cgkmsg kl} }je pgoe gp Qsgcjg Metb ls Cr`Uffg bk
Gu}}ls}}G& G``lu}}gcbfb}n g}m Qslzbob}n }l @b}bxekp
330
Ouocgb+ ^jbfe bk Mefjb& Tgpgk}Tbjgs.p kefnjclusjllm keemp gkm b}p `gqg`b}r dls `looukb}r g`}blk jgp fb}}fe bk `loolk ~b}j Qgjgsrgkh+ ]je kg}use ld }je qslcfeop
bk }je ~gsm ls }}}e gcbfb}r ld b}p `f}bxekp }l olcbfbpe fl`gf seplus`ep }l `lqe ~b}j }jeo gse dg`em
Dls }je gtesgne `b}fxek& }je `lkpqb`ulupfr @b}r @lsqlsg}blk bp gp dgs seoltem gp Sgpj}sgqg}f Cjgtgk+ ]je wugfb}r ld mgbfr uscgk fbde meqekmp ou`j olse lk ~je}jes }je slgmp gkm msgfkp bk }je kebnjclusjllm gse ieq} `fegk& }je p}see} fbnj}p ~lsi ls ngscgne fp seoltem dslo }je fl`gfb}r gp qes p`jemufe& e}`+ ]je qelqfe bk }je kebnjclusjllm jgte nseg}es p}gie bk ekpusbkn }jg} b}p de~ qgsip gse kl} ltessuk cr f}f}j ls tgkmgfbpem& gkm }je `jglp ld
`lkp}su`}flk gkm }sgddb`& g} fegp} bkpbme }je ke}njclusjllm& bp ieq} ~f}jbk }lfesgcfe fbob}p+
^jg} jgqqekp fk }je oukb`bqgf ~gsm. }je
kebnjclusjllm/}je oljgffg& }je qgffb ls }je qgiigo cr ~jg}etes kgoe b} bp `gffem/bp ou`j olse boqls}gk} }jgk }je jgqqekbknp& mbnkbdbem ls l}jes~bpe& bk }je P}g}e Gppeocfbep gkm Pe`se}gsbg}+ ]je ~gsm bp kl} Hup} }essb}lsbgf gkm p}g}bp}b`gf ek}b}r `loqsbpbkn pl ogkr tl}esp ~jl gse ezqe`}em }l nl }l }je qlffbkn cll}jp lk`e bk etesr dfte regsp gkm seogfk wufe} dls }je sep} ld }je }foe+ B} `gk ce gk edde`}bte qfg}dlso dls }je `b}fxekp. qgs}b`}qg}flk gkm puqqls} ~jb`j gse gp ou`j dfkgk`bgf gp qlfb}b`gf ke`eppb}r+ ]je ^gsm
@loob}}ee fp }jup }je uscgk `luk}esqgs} ld }je tbffgne/ fetef qgk`jgrg}+ B} keem kl} ce gp kuoeslup cu} b} `es}gbkfr jgp }l ce seqsepek}g}fte+ ]jese bp kl flnb` bk mekrbkn }je efe`}bte qsbk`bqfe
}l }je `b}r m~effes+ Bd je `gk ce }sup}em }l efe`}
@luk`bffls+ gk OFG gkm gk OQ& je `gk gfpl ce }sup}em }l efe`} oeocesp ld jbp l~k kebnjclusjllm }l ^gsm
33=
@loof ld ef
ld }je ke pefe`}blk
tbe~em
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ukd
g}
}je sef}esgU bk }je nsluq ls pucp}b}u
~es }l }je DelqFe<
Bd }je kuocesp bktlftem gkm }je qd+l`epp bp ~lssbploe }l }je qlff}b`bgkp& g} fegp} `gk ce ogme cr qsltbmbkn dls seqsepeks}g}blk llm qelqfe }jslunj }sgkpqgsek} qsl`epp+ ]je ^gsm @loob}}ee jgp ceek ogkr P}g}ep gp `lk`eppflk gkm kl} sewubseoek}+ ]jbp bp cl}j ~slkn gkm ]je ^gsm @loob}}ee bp bk}ekmemf gp qfg}dlso dls qucfb` qgs}b`fqg}blk& lsngkbpem sll}p fetef+ ]jese `gk ce kl ce}}es ld b}p qusqlpe }jgk ~jg} jgp ceek p}g}em ld }je Hlbk} Qgsfbgoek} @loob}}ee+ @loob}}ee ld @luk`bfflsp `gkkl} ce
Gu}jlsb}n& G``luk}gcbf}}n gkm Qslzbob}n }l @b}bxekp
335
KL]EP
f+
Kgngsqgfbig Ke}uplsi& Tlf ff+ Gff fkmbg Bkp}b}u}e ld }.l`gf Pefd
Nlteskoek}& Mefjb+
3+ fki Pgcjg Mecg}ep+ Gunup} 72:2 gkm Me`eoces 7223. 0+ @jus`j& S+ #Gu}jlsf}r gkm fkdfuek`e bk Bkmbgk Oukb`bqgf
@lsqlsg}blkp8 Qlfb}b`p gkm @luk`bfflsp bk Fu`ikl~# bk Slpek}jgf *em+"&
4+ =+ Mefjb Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk G`} 725> *gp goekmem bk 722=". 5+ ]je Clocgr Qsltbk`fgf Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk G`} 72=2 *gp goekmem
bk
7224"+
4& ]je Clocgr Oukf`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk G`} 7::: *gp goekmem fk 7225" gkm ]je @b}r ld Kgnqus @lsqlsg}blk G`} 72=: *gp goekmem bk 7225"+ >+ .pgfbek} Deg}usep ld }je Ogrls/bk/@luk`bf Prp}eo ukmes }je @gf`u}}g Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk G`} 72:L#. Qgqes qsepek}em cr S+ O+ Igqlls g} }je ^lsipjlq @lteskbkn Oe}slqlfbp lsngkbpem cr Gff Bkmbg Bkp}b}u}e ld Fl`gf Pefd Nlteskskek}& Ouocgb8 Me`eoces 722>+
:+ ]je U}}gs Qsgmepj Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk G`} 7252 *gp goekmem bk 7225"+ 2+ #Pgf}ek} Deg}usep ld }je Ogrls/bk/@luk`bf Prp}eo#& lq.`b}. fL+ Qgfkb}ies& Pkejg+ Seqls} lk Ogrls/bk/@luk`bf Prp}eo bk Ouocgb& Gff Bkmbg Bkp}b}u}e ld }l`gf Pefd/Nlteskoek}& Gqsbf
7222+ ff+ ]je Ouocgb Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk *Goekmoek}" G`} 722:. }3+ Pkejg& Qgfkb}ie}& lQ&`b}+ 70+ Ogmjrg Qsgmepj Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk G`}. 7254. B=+ Kgnlsqgfffsbg Ke}f}"lsi+ Mefjb8 Gff Bkmbg Bkp}b}b}e ld Fl`gf Pefd Nlteskoek}& Decsugsr 7222+ 75+ Ouijlqgmjrgr& Gpjli+ #Qlfb}b`p gkm Cusegu`sg`r bk Uscgk Nlteogk`e8 ]je Bkmbgk ezqesbek`e bk Bkmbg# bk ]je @jgffekne lH BHsclk Nlteskgk`e8 em+ Lo Qsgigpj Og}jus. Kg}blkgf Bkp}b}u}e ld Quc fb` Dbkgk`e gkm Qlfb`r& Mefjbf 7222. }s+ Slpek}jgf& M+ C+ ]je @}}T bk fkmbl8k Qlfb}b`p+ Mefjb8 ]jloplk Qsepp& 72>4+ 7>+ .pgfbek} Deg}usep ld }je Ogrls/bk/@luk`bf Prp}eo#& lq.`b}. 7:+ M Cgsdf~gfg.p kl}e ld }je mbppek} bk Seqls} ld @loob}}ee
334
}je Qelqfe< Sefg}blkpjfq ce}~eek P}g}e Nlteskoek}p =km Nlteskoek} ld Bkmbg& Ke~ fn5=& skek}blkem Ouijlqgmjgrgr& lq+`b}+ lH }}e Hlbk} Qm.sfbm9kss_k}gFsr @loob}}ee& }wi Pgcjg
Hufr
7223+
Qsgmepj
37+ ]je
bkf
@lsb&qlsg}blk
G`} 22c }gp
cgr Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk G`} fnnn *gp Goekmem Ke}}ulsi+ Me`eoces 722:+
Gff Bkmbg Bkp}b}u}e ld
Pefd Nlteskoek} Mefjb+ Oukb`bqgfb}bep G`}& 722=+ Oukb`bqgf @lsqlsg}blk G`} 7255 *gp goekmem
77 Qslpqe`}p dls }je Du}use
Bkmfg bp kl} }je lkfr `luk}sr }l eocgsi lk me`ek}sgfbpg}flk9 }jese gse g} fegp} dbd}r }l
`luk}sbep bk }je ~lsfm ekngnem bk pbobfgs ezes`bpep+ Bk ploe `gpep& }je segplk bp oesefr mbpekngneoek} ld }je kg}blkgf nlteskoek}p& gcgkmlkbkn ploe ld }jebs sepqlkpbcffb}bep ce`gupe }jer `gkkl} ogkgne }jeo qlfb}b`gffr ls dbkgk`bgffr gkm& }jesedlse& qgppbkn }jeo }l fl`gf nlteskoek}p+ Bk ploe l}jesp/pu`j gp Qlfgkm& Jukngsr ls @xe`jlpfltgibg/b} jgp ceek `lkp`flup ezes`fpe }l `seg}e meol`sg}b` pqg`e dls `b}bep gkm `looukb}bep }jslunj me`ek}sgffpg}blk+ Bk }jepe `luk}sbep+ }je ol}btg}blk jgp `loe dslo }je qlfb}b`gf }je `jgknep bk }je ~gie ld }je mbpoeocesoek} dlsoes Pltfe} Ukblk+ Qjbfbqqbkep gkm ]jgbfgkm jgte quspuem `lkp`flup qslnsgooep ld me`ek}sgfbpg}blk g``loqgkfem cr efgclsg}e gssgkneoek}p dls duk`}blkgf Gpbg gkm dbkgk`bgf metlfu}blk+ ^b}jbk }je
Senblk& Psb Fgkig jgp ceek quspubkn
me`ek}sgfbpg}blk qslnsgooe gp g oegkp ld se`lk`bffkn b}p kgbflkgf bk}ensb}r ~b}j e}jkb` mbtespb}r+ Cgknfgmepj jgp pe} uq gk efgclsg}e ouf}b/}bes prp}eo ld susgf clmbep8 Keqgf ekg`}em `loqsejekpbte f+l`gf Nlteskoek} G`} bk 7222+
33:
Ql~es }l }dub qpeqfe]
]je ek`e ldgff }jepe `luk}sfep bp }ll }se`ek} }l gssfte g} gkr medfkb}bte `lk`fupflk cu} b} bp `fegs }jg} fp g flkn gkm gsmulup q}sl`epp bktlftem bk ekp }jg} me`ek}sgfbpg}blk g``loqfbpjep }}p lcH Bkmfg.p l~k ezqesbek`e fk }je qgp} @feufr pjl~p `lkpbmesgcfe eddls}p gkm qseqgsg}blkp ~ese dls etek }je olmep} puf``epp }jg} P}g}ep fbie] Kgmu& NuHgsg}& Ogjgsgpj}sg& Iesgfg l}s ^ep} Cekngf bk }je qse/@lkp}b}u}flkgf Goekmoek} qesblm+ Bkm}gk ezqesbek`e jgp gfpl meolkps}sg}em }jg} ~j me`ek}sgfbpg}flk oltem }l p}gne ~jese b} ce`goe }l }je ql~es gkm qg}slkgne ld }je P}g}e }je qsl`epp ~gp mesg}fem cr tGsblup oegkp+ jlqe bp }jg} ~fff qsl}e`} }je qsl`epp+ ]je fgsne ku}kcesp ldefe`}em seqsepek}g}btep ~jl jgte kl~ ceek sefegpem bk}l }je fb}b`gf p}sego jgte cgpb` sepqlkpbcbfb}r bk qsl`epp dls~gsm+ ]lmgd& }je `luk}Z+r jgp `gssr}kn olse }jsee obffflk efe`}em seqssepek}g}btep }k }je susgf gk uscgk fl`gf clmbep+ Etek gppuobkn }jbm ld }jeo `fuefepp& gkm gkl}jes mbpbk}edep}em ls pefd bd }je seogfkbkn }jbsm gse `usblup gkm peei dls }jeopeftep& }je qlfb}b`gf `jefkbp}sr ~bff ukml `jgkne+
]je n`m Pfx` ld Seqsepek}g}flk ]jese bp eklunj etbmek`e }l pfsl~ }jg} }}sbp bp }l jgqqek+ ]je efe`}em seqsepek}gbftep gkm fegmesp Qgk`jgrg}p gkm K=ngsqgfbig- gse dslo }boe }l }boe& boqfeoek}gdblk Ld }je `lkpU}u qsltbpblkp+ ]jepe seqsepek}g}btep gse gfsegmr gk boqls}gk} qlfb}f`gf `lkp}b}ufek`r+ ]je B bk }je P}g}ep bp gfpl sfslse `lkp`blup ld }je keem gkm }je upedufkepp ld fl`gf puqqlm+ ]je
Qslpqe`}p Hls }je
Df}dbffe
332
lu}`loe ld }je Gppeocfr efe`}blkp bk Ogmjrg Qsgmepj bk 722:& ~jek }je @lknsepp ~gp se}uskem }l ql~es. bp sengsmem gp }ep}bolkr }l }je cekedf}p ld pu`j ou}ugf puqqls}+.^je}jes pu`j puqqls} bp cgpem lk gkr sg}blkgf prp}eo ld pjgsbkn ld ql~esp gkm duk`}blkp ls kl}& }} bp `fegs }jg} g} }je fl`gf fetef }je efe`}em seqsepek}g}ftep gse meogkmbkn gk bk`segpbkn pjgse bk }je qlfb}f`gf mlogbk+ Gp }jbp meogkm }uskp olse tl`gf gkm fkpbp}₦k}. `jgknep bk }je fengf gkm gmofkbp}sg}bte cgpe ld }je Kgngsqgfbigp ~bff ce`&loe bketb}gcfe+ ]je P}g}e nlteskoek}p ~bff jgte }l BBkm ~grp ld megfbkn ~b}j }jbp meogkm bk sg}flkgf gkm prp}eogU` ~gr+ Mekbgf ld }je meogkm& medfe`}bkn b}p mbse`}blk& ls mbfu}bkn b}p mfp`seUlkgsr p}sekn}j cr m}pqekpfkn fgsneppe nsgk}p }l OQp gkm OFGp& ls cr ogkbqufg}fkn }je
`jlb`e ld fl`gf fegmesp ogr mefgr }je qsl`epp ld me`ek}sgffpg}blk cu} fp ukfbiefr }l medeg} b}. B} jgp ceek sbnj}fr lcpestem }jg} jl~etes ou`j }je jbnjes e`jeflkp ld qlfb}b`gf fegmespjbq sk}nj} }sr. }je tgp} kuocesp ld efe`}em oek gkm ~loek bk qgk`jgrg}p gkm kgngsqgfbigp ~bff ne} sep}fepp& meogkm boqfeoek}g}blk ld `lkp}b}u}blkgffr ogkmg}em qsltbpblkp gkm pu``eem bk ne}}bkn }jebs ~gr pllkes ls fg}es+3
Bk }je qsl`epp& }je duk`}blkgf mlogbk ld }je fl`gf clmbep ~}ff pfl~fr& cu} pusefr& bk`segpe+ B} ~}ff gfpl bk`fume ploe `sb}b`gf f}eop fbie ektbslkoek}. qltes}r
gffetbg}blk& e`lklob` meteflqoek} gkm nekmes bppuep. ]je ekfgsnem ogkmg}e ~bff kl} ce ez`fupbte gkm l}jes fetefp ld nlteskoek} usbff ld `luspe ce bktlftem Cu} }je `}}r bp ~jese }jepe qslcfeop gse olp} tbpbcfe+ Nflcg}bpg}blk bp `loqsejekpbte }eso ~jb`j bk`fumep pl ogkr mbddesek} efeoek}p+ E`lklob` fbcesgfbpg}blk
301
Ql~es }l }fe Qelqfe<
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qsep`sbq}blk& }jese gse clukm }l ce ~fkkesp gkm flpesp+ gse }je }jeg}sep ~jese nlte
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