Mathematics 3
PREBOARD EXAM Part
Choose the letter of the best answer. Put your answers in the answer sheet proi!e!. lo& lo& '$3 ( lo& )*+$, - *.'/
".
#ol #ole e for the the alu alue e of $% 397.56
'.
Eal aluate% lo lo&* /01 - $. 3.76
3.
2hat is the the !iscri !iscrimin minant ant of of the euati euation on 0$' - /$ 4 1. – 16
0.
5ie 5ien n the the eua euati tion on 3$' ( B$ ( "' - 67 what is the alue of B so that the roots of the euation are eual8 – 12
1.
9ow many suare suare feet is "66 "66 sua suare re meters meters8 8 1076
*.
9ow many many terms of the pro&ression pro&ression 37 17 7 ...... shoul! shoul! there there be so that that their sum will will be '*668 50
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:n how many minutes minutes after after ' p.m. will will the han!s of the the cloc; e$ten! e$ten! in opposite opposite !irections !irections for for the first time8 time8 43.636
/.
At appro$imatel appro$imately y what time time between between * an! o
=.
>he >he poly polyn nomia omiall $3 ( 0$' 4 3$ ( / is !ii!e! by $ 4 17 then the remain!er is 218
"6. Mi;e7 ?oui7 an! @oy can mow the lawn in 07 *7 an! hours respectiely. 2hat fraction of the yar! can they mow in " hour if they wor; toðer8 47/84 "". >en liters of '1 salt solution an! "1 liters liters of 31 salt solution are poure! into a !rum ori&inally containin& 36 liters of "6 salt salt solution. 2hat is the percent concentration of salt in the mi$ture8 19.55% "'. At what time after "'%66 noon will the hour han! an! the minute han! of the cloc; first form an an&le of "'6 !e&rees8 12:21.818 "3. >he e$plement e$plement of an an&le is four four times its supplement. supplement. in! in! the an&le. 120 "0. #implify% #implify% )" 4 cos cos $,+ sin $ ( sin $ + )" 4 cos $, $, 2 csc "1. Each of the interior interior an&les an&les of a 'si!e! 'si!e! re&ular re&ular poly&on poly&on is 175 "*. in! the ra!ius ra!ius of a circle inscribe inscribe in a trian&le trian&le the si!es si!es of which are 1 ft7 ft7 an! = ft. 1.658 ft ". A railroa! cure is to be lai! in a circular path. 2hat shoul! be the ra!ius ifif the trac; is to chan&e !irection by 36 !e&ress at a !istance of 366 m8 573 m "/. :f the si!es of a ri&ht trian&le are 37 07 1m7 the area of the inscribe! circle is FFFFFFFFF. !i s"#are m "=. 5ien a trian&le trian&le77 C - "66 !e&rees7 !e&rees7 a - "1 m7 b - '6 m. in! in! c. 27 m '6. >he an&le an&le of a sector is 36 !e&rees an! the the ra!ius is "1 cm. 2hat is the area area of the sector in cm'8 58.9 '". >he !iameter of the face of a cloc; is '6 cm. in! the area of the ua!rilateral with ertices at numbers "7 17 /7 an! "". 186.57 cm2 ''. An euilateral trian&le of si!e / cm is is enclose! in a circle. in! the !ifference !ifference in the areas of the circle an! trian&le. 39.308 cm2 '3. >he official !istance between between the home plate an! the secon! base in a baseball !iamon! is "'6 ft. in! the !istances of the bases if the official baseball !iamon! is in a form of a suare. 84.85 ft '0. One si!e of a re&ular re&ular octa&on octa&on is '. in! the area of the re&ion re&ion insi!e the octa&on. octa&on. 19.3 '1. >he sum of the interior interior an&les an&les of a poly&on is 106 !e&rees. !e&rees. in! in! the number of si!es. si!es. 5
'*. Accumulate P17666.66 for "6 years at / compoun!e! uarterly. !11$040.20 '. 2hat is the effectie rate for an interest rate of "' compoun!e! continuously8 12.75% '/. :f P17666.66 shall accumulate for "6 years at / compoun!e! uarterly7 fin! the compoun!e! interest at the en! of "6 years. 6$040.20 '=. 2hat is the present worth of a P"7666.66 annuity oer a "6yr perio!7 if interest rate is /8 !6$710.00 36. 2hat annuity oer a "6year perio! at / interest is euialent to a present worth of P"667666.668 !14$903 3". :f P166 is ineste! at the en! of each year for * years7 at an effectie rate of . 2hat is the total amount aailable upon the !eposit of the *th payment8 !3577.00 3'. in! the euation of the circle if the en!s of the !iameter are )437 1, an! )7 3,. – 2&2 ' ( – 1&2 ) 41 33. Determine the euation of the parabola &ien% erte$ at )67 6,7 a$is alon& $a$is an! passin& throu&h )437 *,. (2 ' 12 ) 0 30. in! the euation of the !irectri$ of the parabola y' - "*$. )–4 31. in! the area of the trian&le which the line '$ 4 3y ( * - 6 forms with the coor!inate a$es. 3 3*. 2hat is the !eriatie with respect to $ of )$ ( ",3 4 $3 6 ' 3 3. Determine the limit of )$' ( 3$ 4 0, as $ approaches 0 24 3/. in! the secon! !eriatie of $3 4 1$' ( $ - 6 6 – 10 3=. Determine the !iameter of a close! cylin!rical tan; hain& a olume of "".3 cu. m to obtain minimum surface area. 2.44 06. >he cost C of a pro!uct is a function of the uantity $ of the pro!uct% C)$, - $' 4 0666$ ( 16. in! the uantity for which the cost is minimum. 2000 0". :nte&rate% )$3 ( 0$', !$ 74/4 ' 43/3 ' * 0'. #implify% i'= ( i'" ( i. 3i 03. >he e$pression 3 ( 0i is a comple$ number. Compute its absolute alue. 5 00. 2rite the polar form of the ector 3 ( G0. 5 53.1 01. #implify% )3 4 i,' 4 )3 4 i, ( "6 –3 – i& 0*. 2hat is 0i cube times 'i suare8 8i 0. Roll two !ice once. 2hat is the probability that the sum is 8 1/6 0/. A coin is tosse! 3 times. 2hat is the probability of &ettin& 3 tails up8 1/8 0=. A ball is !roppe! !own a well an! 1 secon!s later the soun! of the splash is hear!. :f elocity of soun! is 336m+s7 what is the !epth of the well8 107.2 16. 9ow far !oes an automobile moe while its spee! increases uniformly from "1 ;ph to 01 ;ph in '6 secon!s8 167m 1". A soli! material whose atoms !o not form a reco&niHable pattern. amor+,o#s 1'. A crystal !efect where there is a missin& atom.
-acanc( 13. Electronhole pairs are pro!uce! by% t,ermal ener( 54.
After the Gunction recombination process has reache! euilibrium7 what is the area that surroun!s the Gunction calle!8 t,e de+letion reion
55.
One of the prime !an&ers to the semicon!uctor !io!e is heat. E$cessie current &enerate! by heat which eentually !estroys a !io!e is calle! t,ermal r#naa(
1*. A P:I !io!e when reerse biase!7 acts like nearl( constant ca+acitor 1. Also ;nown as barrier !io!e. c,ottk( diode 1/. >he class of transistor amplifier operation that uses e$actly half of the input si&nal is% *lass 1=. 2hich of the electronic transistor confi&uration has the hi&hest current &ain8 *ommon collector 60.
2hat is the most common form of couplin&8 *
*". >he Jpoint of a circuit is !efine! by specific alues for * and * *'. 2hat bias &enerally proi!es &oo! Jpoint stability but reuires both positie an! ne&atie supply olta&es8 mitter ias *3. >he transistors of a class B pushpull emitter follower are biase! at *#toff *0. B@>s are FFFFFFFcontrolle! !eices7 but E>s are FFFFFFFcontrolle! !eices. c#rrent$ -oltae *1. 5atetochannel separation in a MO#E> is accomplishe! by usin& which material8 ilicon dioide **. A re&ion where the !rain current is consi!ere! Hero. *#toff *. :t is the ratio of a chan&e in the !rain current to the correspon!in& chan&e in the &ate 4 to 4 source olta&e. orard ranscond#ctance */. :t is a E> amplifier confi&uration characteriHe! by a olta&e &ain of " an! ery hi&h input impe!ance. *ommon rain *=. or an nchannel !epletion MO#E>7 : D## - / mA an! K5#)Off, - * K. :f K5# - 6./ K7 what is the alue of the !rain current7 :D8 10.28 m; 6. :n an EMO#E>7 FFFFFFFFFF is nee!e! to create the necessary channel between the source an! the !rain. #rface n-ersion ". >he FFFFFFFF @E> uses a positie !rain supply olta&e. nc,annel '. 2hat two parameters are use! to represent the E> transfer characteristic8
his is obtaine! only if the &atetosource olta&e is eual to Hero. =aim#m rain *#rrent 1. >he most use! type of E> bias confi&uration. oltae i-ider
*. :n an op 4 amp &eneral bloc; !ia&ram7 the secon! bloc; is oltae am+lifier . >o re!uce the effects of noise resultin& in erratic switchin& of output states of a comparator7 you can use ,(steresis. 78.
:t ta;es an opamp '' µs to chan&e its output from 4"1 K to ("1 K. Determine the slew rate. 1.36 µ/s
=. A)n, FFFFF amplifier confi&uration has an input impe!ance appro$imately eual to the input resistor Ri an! an output impe!ance appro$imately eual to the output impe!ance of the opamp itself. in-ertin /6. A comparator with a #chmitt tri&&er has how many tri&&er leels to trier le-els . /". :n a)n, FFFFF7 when the input olta&e e$cee!s a specifie! reference olta&e7 the output chan&es state. com+arator /'. Ie&atie fee!bac; a!!e! to an opamp FFFFF the ban!wi!th an! FFFFF the &ain. increases$ decreases /3. 2hat circuit pro!uces an output that appro$imates the area un!er the cure of an input function8 nterator /0. 2hich are the terminals of an #CR8 ;node$ *at,ode and ines of orce //. FFFFFFFFFFFF stores ener&y in the ma&netic fiel!. nd#ctors /=. >he loop rule in circuit analysis is also ;nown as ?irc,,off’s econd >a =6. >he unit olt is eual to @/* =". 2hat is the time constant of a series RC circuit that contains a "' M resistor an! a "' N capacitor8 144 seconds ='. 2hat is the euialent power of '.*"" ;28 3.5 A! =3. 2hat is the efficiency at ma$imum power transfer8 50% =0. 2hat law in electronics where an in!uce! current will be in such a !irection that its own ma&netic fiel! will oppose the ma&netic fiel! that pro!uce! the same8 >enB’s >a =1. A coil of 16 Ohm resistance an! "16m97 in!uctance is connecte! in parallel with 16 uf capacitor. >he source olta&e is "66 sin)t ( 36o, K. 2hat is the euation of the line current8 1.25 sinCt ' 75.5o& =*. >he power factor of an AC circuit is &ien by / DED =. Characteristics of the current flow in a series R?C circuit at resonance t is at a maim#m. =/. #ole for the total reactance of a '16 m9 coil in series with a 0. N capacitor at a si&nal freuency of 016 9H7 i&norin& effects of DC resistance. 706 o,ms ==. 2hat is the time constant of a 166 m9 coil an! a 37366 ohm resistor in series8 0.00015 sec "66.>he opposite of impe!ance is ;nown as ;dmittance "6".Are those flipflops that operate with a "to6 transition that correspon!s to the cloc; si&nal applie! to the flipflops8 neati-eede triered "6'.>he 1
"61.A combinational circuit that conerts binary information from n input lines to a ma$imum of ' n uniue output lines. decoder "6*.:t is the bus that lin;s the CP an! the e$ternal cache memory. ackside #s "6.>ype of RAM that nee!s perio!ic refreshin& to maintain the store! !ata. d(namic ;= "6/.A type of photoresist that softens when e$pose! to K li&ht. +ositi-e +,otoresist "6=.:t states that the number of transistors in a chip !oubles eery "/ months. =oore’s >a ""6.A crystallo&raphic notation use! to !escribe planes an! !irections. =iller inde """.Chemical use! for !issolin& o$i!e from the wafer surface. A ""'.A techniue applie! to form a sin&lecrystal silicon material. *Boc,ralski =et,od or loat Eone =et,od 113.
An inerter has the terminal currents :in)low, - '.03 mA7 :in)hi&h, - =/.= µA7 :out)low, - 10.3 mA7 an! :out)hi&h, - ".0 mA. 2hat is the ma$imum fan out8 22
""0.CharacteriHes the input sta&e of a >>? lo&ic &ate% m#lti+leemitter transistor ""1.>he output sta&e of >>? which has ' transistors. totem+ole or +#s,+#ll ""*.>he transition olta&es of a lo&ic inerter are measure! on a cure tracer an! are foun! to be K :9 - 'K7 K:? - 6./K7 KO9 - './K7 KO? - 6.3K. in! the hi&h state noise mar&in of the lo&ic &ate. 0.8 "".2hich amon& the followin& lo&ic families consumes most amount of power8 *> ""/.Passes a narrow ban! of freuencies an! opposes all others and+ass filter ""=.An RC filter whose output is ta;en across the resistor is a ,i, +ass filter "'6.An RC filter pro!uces a rolloff rate of –20d/decade or –6d/octa-e "'".>his filter has a rolloff rate of 4'6!B+!eca!e+pole. #tterort, ilter "''.>his filter has a characteristics near that of an i!eal filter. lli+tical ilter "'3.Also ;nown as KCK# filter. allen?e( filter "'0.5ien are the followin& parameters for a &ien filter% lower cutoff freuency is ";9H an! hi&her cutoff freuency is "66;9H. Determine the center freuency. 10 kAB "'1.:f the uality factor is less than "67 then the filter is ide and "'*.ilter circuits ma!e of resistors7 capacitors7 an! in!uctors are calle! as +assi-e filters "'.Oscillator that ma;es use of a notchfilter response at its resonant freuency. in "'/.>he most wi!ely use! RC oscillator. Heinride "'=.A basic Colpitts oscillator contains haw many in!uctors at its fee!bac; circuit8 1 "36.Oscillator that contains a transformer in its fee!bac; networ;. ;rmstron "3".>he amplitu!e of each of the si!eban! is '6uK for 16 mo!ulation7 what is the amplitu!e of the unmo!ulate! carrier8
80# 132. :n
an AM si&nal that is "66 percent mo!ulate!7 what ma$imum olta&e alue is present in each si!eban!8 1/2 t,e carrier -oltae
"33.2hat are the two maGor sections of an AM transmitter8 ;#dio fre"#enc( #nit and radio fre"#enc( #nit
"30.:f an /*6;ilohertH AM si&nal is mo!ulate! by freuencies of 1 an! "6 ;ilohertH7 what is the ban!wi!th8 20 kilo,ertB "31.Mo!ulation pro!uce! in the plate circuit of the last ra!io sta&e of a system is ;nown by what term8 Ai,le-el mod#lation
"3*.:n an fm si&nal7 )a, the RA>E of shift is proportional to what characteristic of the mo!ulatin& si&nal7 an! )b, the AMOI> of shift is proportional to what characteristic8 a& re"#enc( & am+lit#de "3.Cause! by chromospheric eruption on the sun resultin& in ion !ensity in the D re&ion7 with a mo!erate increase in the E re&ion7 increasin& their absorptie properties. "3/.>he type of ra!io wae responsible for lon&!istance communications by multiple s;ips is the k( a-e "3=.:f the critical freuency is 06 M9H an! the ta;e off an&le is 36 !e&rees7 what is the M8 46 =AB "06.A re&ion where the air pressure is so low that free electrons an! ions can moe about for sometime without &ettin& close enou&h to recombine into neutral atoms. onos+,ere "0".Calculate the beamwi!th between nulls of a 'm parabolic reflector use! at *59H. 3.5 142.
An array where the ma&nitu!e of the current in each element is the same but there is a phase !ifference of =6° between currents pro&ressiely. ndfire arra(
"03.>he resistance of a halfwae !ipole is eual to 73 144.
:t is an antenna λ+0 lon& an! utiliHe the earth
"01.2hat is the minimum alue of characteristic impe!ance you can ma;e if you want to construct a parallel wire line with two con!uctors with ra!ii of 'mm8 83 "0*.:n a transmission line7 if the #2R or ma$imum current to a minimum current ratio is '%"7 the ratio of the ma$imum olta&e to the minimum olta&e is eual to 2:1 "0.2hat !etermines the elocity factor in a transmission line8 ielectrics in t,e line "0/.2hat is the ran&e of possible alues of the reflection coefficient8 0 to 1 149.
A transmission line less than λ+0 lon& is open circuite! at the loa!. 2hat is its response in the &enerator
150.
A loa! Q? - "66G/6Ω is connecte! to a line whose characteristic impe!ance is 1Ω. Calculate the nearest point at which a λ+0 transformer maybe inserte! to proi!e matchin& 0.1832
151.
An 9 transmission line has a QO - "'6Ω an! is terminate! by an antenna. 2hat is the reflection coefficient7 Γ 7 on the line if the antenna impe!ance is 366Ω8 0.43
"1'.>he characteristic impe!ance of a transmission line !oes not !epen! upon its lent, "13.2hich of the followin& is not one of the three types of transmission line ener&y loss8 ns#lation reakdon "10.2hich of these is not a common transmission line impe!ance8 120
"11.>he most !esirable alue of #2R on a transmission line is 1 "1*.Recommen!e! #tan!ar! that specifies the functional an! mechanical characteristics of the interconnection between D>E an! complyin& E:A electronic stan!ar!s R#0'' an! R#0'3. >his stan!ar! is commonly foun! in !ata networ; communication euipment 449 "1.FFFFFF is the name for an R#'3' connection wire! usin& a R@01 Gac; 232 "1/.Re&istere! @ac; )R@, that has / pins @ 45 "1=.K.=' is an :>> recommen!ation for a mo!em7 allowin& FFFFFFFFFFFFFF !ownloa! an! FFFFFFFF uploa! *. 56 k+s$ 48 k+s "*6.5ien the followin& parameters% BER - "6* Bit rate - "16 ;bps >ransmission time - "6 sec Determine the appro$imate number of errors
1.5 error its "*".Determine the appro$imate rate of error bits for a bit rate of "'66bps at "6 0 BER 0.12 error its/sec "*'.Proi!e hi&hspee! :nternet serice to homes an! businesses which upstream spee! is not the same as !ownstream spee! ;> "*3.A networ; !eice7 usually at a telephone company central office7 that receies si&nals from multiple customer Di&ital #ubscriber ?ine )D#?, connections an! puts the si&nals on a hi&hspee! bac;bone line usin& multiple$in& techniues. >;= "*0.An international communications stan!ar! for sen!in& oice7 i!eo7 an! !ata oer !i&ital telephone lines or normal telephone wires. #upports !ata transfer rates of "'/ bps for B channel an! "* ;bps for D channel. Also ;nown as 'B(D channels I "*1. A metho! of !ata transmission in which small bloc;s of !ata are transmitte! rapi!ly oer a channel !e!icate! to the connection only for the !uration of the transmission !acket sitc,in "**.One of the approaches of pac;et switch networ; where all pac;ets for one transmission ta;e the same route Iode sitc,in "*. One of the approaches of pac;et switch networ; where all pac;ets for one transmission ta;e the !ifferent route ataram "*/. Any pac;et enterin& any port is broa!cast out on eery port so that all !eices connecte! to its ports receie that information. Result in a lot of unnecessary traffic bein& sent to all !eices on the networ;. All ports share a sin&le ban!wi!th of the networ; A# "*=.2hat is the ma$imum achieable bitrate for a computer mo!em operatin& oer a telephone channel with 3 ;9H ban!wi!th an! a ma$imum allowe! si&nal power that &uarantees only a 36!B 30 k+s "6.nit of transmission rate7 mo!ulation rate or symbol rate a#d rate "".2hat multimo!e fiber properties help re!uce connection losses8 >arer core siBe and ,i,er I; "'.?i&ht e$hibits what ;in! of wae motion8 rans-erse "3.A li&ht wae is inci!ent on a surface. >he reflecte! power is the &reatest in which of the followin& inci!ences8 ;lmost +arallel "0.>he relationship between the inci!ent rays an! the refracte! rays at a boun!ary between me!iums with !ifferent in!e$es of refraction !escribes what law8 nellJs >a
"1.2hat are the three basic parts of an optical fiber8 *ore$ claddin$ and coatin "*.5lass optical fibers hae low loss between the infrare! an! ultra iolet absorptie re&ions. >he appro$imate waelen&th of operation for &lass optical fibers is in which of the followin& ran&es8 700 nm to 1600 nm ".or a multimo!e &ra!e!in!e$ fiber7 the numerical aperture is at its ma$imum alue at which of the followin& locations8 ;t t,e fier ais
"/.>he multimo!e &ra!e!in!e$ fiber that has the best ben! performance an! will show the least amount of optical !e&ra!ation if mishan!le! is what siHe8 62.5/125 m "=.iel! loss measurements are ma!e by usin& which of the followin& test euipments8 K+tical so#rces and +oer metersL and o+tical time domain reflectometers "/6.2hat is it calle! when the fiber en! face is !irectly place! oer the source emittin& re&ion8 #tt co#+lin "/".Lou are measurin& a oice channel at a 40 !B test point leel7 the meter rea!s 43 !Bm7 conert the rea!in& into !BrnC6. 21 "/'.An antenna with noise temperature of 1 is connecte! to a receier with a noise temperature of 366. 2hat is the noise fi&ure in !B8 3.6d "/3.>he noise fi&ure of a totally noiseless !eice is FFFFFF. #nit( "/0.One of the followin& types of noise becomes of &reat importance at hi&h freuencies transit time "/1.401!Bm is euialent to FFF !Ba. 40da "/*.2hat is a freuency !iscriminator8 ; circ#it for con-ertin = sinals to ;= sinals "/.>he metho! of &eneratin& M in a broa!cast stations transmittin& hi&h amount of power. Msin enerated != to a-oid t,e #se of #nstale oscillators "//.Preemphasis is compensate! for at the receier by a >o+ass filter "/=.:f you hae aailable number of power amplifiers with a &ain of "66 each7 how many such amplifiers !o you nee! to casca!e to &ie an oerall &ain of *6!B8 3 "=6.A circuit use! to silent the output if the receier !etects no mo!ulate! si&nal is receie!. "#elc, "=".Amount preemphasis applie! in M broa!casts 75 #sec "='.M #tereo #ubcarrier freuency 38 kAB "=3.>ype of antenna polariHation use! in M broa!casts *irc#lar "=0.Iumber of horiHontal lines in a I>#C teleision frame 525 lines "=1.:nterme!iate reuency Ran&e for >eleision 41 47 =AB "=*.>he relationship between pitch an! freuency is FFFFFF Ionlinear "=.:n carbon microphone7 when a compressin& soun! wae stri;es the !iaphra&m7 it pushes on the plun&er an! compacts the carbon &ranules7 FFFFFFFF the contact resistance between them ecreasin "=/.:f 6 of the inci!ent soun! ener&y is absorbe!7 the absorption coefficient is sai! to be FFFF 0.70 "==.:f the combine! leel of two noise sources is /6!B an! the leel with one of the sources turne! off is 1!B7 what is the leel of the remainin& source8 78.3 d '66.A combine! soun! hain& a lou!ness leel of /6 phons with secon! soun! of /1 phons is FFF 86.2 +,ons '6".Parts of D#? transceier which allows simultaneous PO># an! !ata serices. s+litter '6'.>he only switchin& stan!ar! which proi!es "66 error free !eliery en! to en!. F.25 '63.A loa!e! cable is !esi&nate! as '09'0. Calculate the in!uctance of the coil in m9. 24
'60.>he only switchin& stan!ar! which proi!es "66 error free !eliery en! to en!. F.25 '61.9ow many :#DI Bchannels woul! be reuire! to transmit a =*6 ;bps i!eo si&nal8 15 '6*.>he half !uple$ microwae system operates in the freuency ran&e of 1.* 4 .1 59H. :f the channel ban!wi!th is '6 M9H. 2hat is the appro$imate center freuency of the 1*th channel8 6710 =AB '6.FFFFFF Dielectric Coa$ial Cable is recommen!e! for use with pressuriHe! microwae ra!io relay systems an! antennas hain& unpressuriHe! fee!s oam '6/.2hen the transmittin& an! receiin& antennas are in ?O# of each other the mo!e of propa&ation is FFFFFF wae +ace '6=.>he !i&ital microwae transmitter has 36!Bm power output7 6.1!B transmission line loss7 an! '1!B !ish &ain. Assumin& the operatin& freuency is ' 59H an! the receiin& antenna &ain is 3!B. Calculate the effectie ra!iate! power 282 H '"6.:f the microwae transmitterhe hi&hest uality is !etermine! by ealuatin& the FFFFFFF */I '"3.FFFFF is a &eneral term applie! to the re!uction in si&nal stren&th at the input to a receier adin '"0.FFFFF type !ish antennas are solutions for low win! loa!in& situations he law that states the suare of the perio! of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semimaGor a$is of its orbit. Also calle! law of perio!s or harmonic law ?e+ler’s 3rd >a '"=.An orbit that moes in a countercloc;wise !irection )same !irection as earthhe most typical alue of 5ra!e of #erice use! in 5#M cell plannin&. 2% ''3.>he part of an A>M cell hea!er use! to in!icate cell priority. *>! ''0.>he !uration of " #>M" frame. 125 microsec
