All going wrong in Pakistan, economically? Apparently. Lets have a second look at Pakistan and contemplate on possible solutions which require nothing but 'will'.
Industry list of Pakistan.Full description
Full description
Definition of the word Democracy and the definition of democracy in the words of some other scholars. Reasons of failure of democracy in Pakistan along with the history of DemocracyFull description
Full description
Foreign Policy of Pakistan [Issues and Approaches in Pakistan Politics]Full description
Full description
Full description
Full description
Full description
income tax lawFull description
Full description
Have details related to Integrated Power system in Pakistan, its control and operation.... Suggestions for improvement in present SCADA system are also discussed... ( It was my MS Power System Cont...
PAKSTUDIESFull description
Circular debt is a persistent and a growing problem of Pakistan. Especially circular debt is striking the companies related to oil and gas. The circular debt of Pakistan has reached up till …Full description
Full description
hey i made this slide show as a part of my school project;from the chapter Fishing activities in Pakistan
Problems Of Bureaucracy In Pakistan Submitted By BSPA 3rd Year Roll#57 Submitted to Sir Hassan Abbas
1 | Page
Contents
Prologue to Bureaucracy
2
Role of Bureaucracy
2
Universal Problems of Bureaucracy
2
Problems And Recommendations for Pakisatan Bureaucracy
According to %a eber (*+,4*-2.)/ bureaucracy is 0an institutional met1od for a##lying general rules to s#ecific cases/ t1ereby making t1e actions of government fair and #redictable3 %a eber gave t1is definition in t1e initial state of t1is field but t1e #roblem for leaders of governing 1uman systems t1at gre larger and more com#licated it1 eac1 #assing year and today t1e term bureaucracy 1as at least four se#arate meanings5 *3 T1e totality of government offices or bureaus t1at constitute t1e #ermanent government of a state6 t1at is/ t1ose #eo#le and functions t1at continue irres#ective of c1anges in #olitical leaders1i#3 23 All of t1e #ublic officials of a government3 73 A general invective to refer to any inefficient organi"ation encumbered by red ta#e3 43 A s#ecific set of structural arrangements3 Bureaucracy is sometimes called t1e 0fourt1 branc1 of government3 1ile tec1nically under control of t1e eecutive branc1/ it sometimes seems to function as if it 1ad a ill/ #oer/ and legal aut1ority all its on3 Role of Bureaucracy:
T1e eistence of bureaucracy is a necessary condition to run t1e affairs of t1e state3 8o it de#ends on t1e structure of t1e government as to 1at ty#e of role it ants to assign to bureaucracy3 T1ere is no denying t1e fact t1at bureaucracies are doing good ork too it1in t1eir allotted ambit but t1en you need to see t1e difference in t1e role and orientation of bureaucracy among t1e develo#ed and develo#ing orlds3 9et us look at t1e role of bureaucracy in bot1 t1e develo#ed and es#ecially t1e develo#ing countries vis:vis #olicy formulation in order to identify 1y our country 1as #erformed so #oorly in t1e delivery of services3 T1e main function of bureaucracy in any #art of t1e orld is to im#lement t1e #olicies of t1e sitting government it1 full commitment and devotion3 T1e basic idea be1ind t1e formation of bureaucratic structures as to #rovide ;#ermanent< government in t1e sense t1at bureaucrats ke#t running t1e system for t1e larger benefit of t1e #eo#le/ as t1ey ere and are civil servants3 Political eecutive in t1e form of #oliticians could come and go but t1e bureaucrats stayed on to look after t1e orking of t1e governments3 &o t1eir =ob 1as never been t1e formulation of #olicy3 T1ey do 1el# t1e #olitical leaders1i# in #olicymaking but never make #olicies t1emselves3 $t is it1in t1e sole domain of t1e #oliticians to formulate #olicies as t1eir mandate stems from t1eir being elected re#resentative of #eo#le3 Undoubtedly/ t1e #olitical class 1as abandoned its role of #olicy formulation and bureaucrats 1ave taken over t1is role by filling in t1e vacuum3 Universal Problems of Bureaucracy:
%ost #eo#le regardless of t1eir state/ culture or form of government com#lain about folloing main #roblems of bureaucracy5
3 | Page Efficiency im#lies to t1e ratio of valued resources used to valued out#uts #roduced/ t1e smaller t1at ratio/ t1e more efficient t1e #roduction3 $f t1e valued out#ut is a #rovision of 1ealt1 facility/ >for eam#le?/ t1en 1atever #rocess uses t1e least money or t1e least time to #roduce a satisfactory 1ealt1 facility is t1e most efficient #rocess3 Peo#le re#orts t1at t1e measures taken by t1e bureaucrats to facilitate masses takes too muc1 time and money to accom#lis1 because of corru#tion and red ta#ism3 Arbitrariness refers to 0officials acting it1out legal aut1ority/ or it1 t1at aut1ority in a ay t1at offends our sense of =ustice3 @ustice means/ first/ t1at e reuire t1e government to treat #eo#le eually on t1e basis of clear rules knon in advance3 Red tapecom#le rules and #rocedures reuired to get anyt1ing done3 ou 1ave to make sure t1at all t1e rules of t1e organi"ation are being folloedyou do t1at by filling out formseveryt1ing is in black and 1ite3 T1ere isa #a#er trailyou can #rove you did everyt1ing t1e ay you ere su##osed to3
Red ta#e can be used as a ea#on against #rograms t1at arenCt #o#ular it1 t1e administration or t1e 1eads of agencies3 D3g35 you may 1ave to fill out so many forms/itCs =ust sim#ler not to #artici#ate in a #rogram3 T1e #rogram ill cease to eist if no one uses it3 Duplicationto or more agencies seem to be doing t1e same =obE Imperialismt1e tendency of agencies to gro it1out regard to t1eir costs or benefits3 $f an organi"ation as establis1ed to F#romote t1e #ublic goodF/ 1o do you kno 1en itCs ac1ieved its goalG Wastes#ending more t1an is needed for a #roduct3 T1ere is little or no incentive for government em#loyees to reduce costs for t1e agencyt1ey onCt get a bonus or be able to kee# for t1e organi"ation t1e money t1ey saved3 T1ere are often regulationHred ta#e regarding 1o #roducts must be boug1t from eg5 from su##liers in a #articular congressional district or only from U& manufacturers3
Restrictions are im#osed for #olitical gain/ but it results in 1ig1er costs for t1e government3 Private businesses 1ave more of an incentive to buy for t1e loest #rice3 1istlebloers 1o try to #oint out #roblems risk losing t1eir =obs or being labeled a Ftrouble makerF and being given bad assignments in t1e 1o#es t1at t1ey ill =ust uit or be #assed over for #romotions3 T1ey arenCt benefited for doing good like t1ey ould be in t1e #rivate sector3 lo!ness""Iramatic c1ange it1in t1e bureaucracy is rare because t1ere are so many #oints along t1e ay 1ere different #eo#le are involved in t1e decisionmaking #rocess3 Peo#le on different sides of t1e issue may #ressure t1e bureaucrat to su##ort or o##ose #articular #olicies3 Iifficulty im#lementing #rogramsif t1e goals of t1e #rogram designed by #arliment are not s#ecific enoug1/or if t1e goals are com#le3
!om#le goals take a long time to com#lete/ so it may actually look like t1e organi"ation is doing not1ing3 Often agencies arenCt staffed enoug1 to com#lete all t1e tasks t1ey are given3 eg5 em#loying only 2. or 7. ins#ectors to monitor t1e trans#ortation of 1a"ardous aste all over t1e country3 eg5 reducing t1e number of officials orking for t1e DPA ill mean t1at com#anies ill be able to #ollute and onCt be caug1t3 Programs may look not1ing like t1ey ere envisioned to look 1en t1ey are im#lemented by ot1erscan c1ange along t1e ay3
| Page Incompetent#inefficient#ineffective employees Personnel policies $ave c$anged% A##ointments to t1e bureaucracy used to be made in an attem#t to reard local su##orters or 1el# build u# local #arty organi"ationst1ey ere needed for nominating candidates and getting out t1e vote on election day3 Presidents could select #eo#le t1at ere at least some1at su##ortive of t1eir #olicies6 t1ey could use =obs in t1e bureaucracy as a reard for su##orting t1eir #olitics3 Problems and Recommendations for Pa&istan Bureaucracy: 'AC()I*+ ,-ER"CE*'RA)IA'I,*:
Overcentrali"ation of #oers and functions 1as consistently undermined any serious attem#ts at civil service reform3 !ombined it1 cumbersome rules and #rocedures and a rigidly defined 1ierarc1ical structure/ centrali"ation #revents t1e bureaucracy from effectively managing a #ublic sector t1at 1as e#anded considerably since t1e *-J.s3 Dven t1e recruitment or transfer of clerks and ot1er lolevel su##ort staff cannot take #lace it1out t1e a##roval of t1e secretary or at times even t1e minister/ distracting senior officials from more vital tasks of im#lementing government #olicy3 1ile centrali"ation is said to reduce costs and im#rove service delivery/ it 1as made t1e bureaucracy less res#onsive to #ublic concerns and #riorities3 $n fact/ rigid centralised #rocedures undermine service delivery/ contributing to 0a corres#onding increase in #ublic dissatisfaction it1 t1e bureaucracy3 Rules and #rocedures s1ould be revised to reduce 1ierarc1ical rigidity and encourage delegation Reducing Corruption and Increasing Accountability:
Bureaucratic corru#tion take s several forms/ including abuse of discretionary #oer/ misuse of regulatory aut1ority/ as ell as institutionali"ed and #artici#ative #ractices3 Alt1oug1 government contracts/ for eam#le/ are aarded t1roug1 o#en tenders and ot1er a##arent o#en #rocesses/ t1e lack of trans#arency in eecutive aut1ority and decisions make t1ese #rocedures easier to mani#ulate3 9o salaries and #ensions and inadeuate elfare #rograms for civil servants 1ave also encouraged ides#read corru#tion/ 1ile at t1e same time loering morale and increasing inefficiency3 Bureaucrats argue t1at lo salaries are not t1e only factor contributing to 1ig1 level of corru#tion/ but t1ere is far greater acce#tance of corru#tion and abuse of aut1ority not only in bureaucracy itself but in society in general3 To reduce corru#tion t1ere s1ould be strong evaluation system t1roug1 annual confidential re#orts (A!Rs) Personnel .anagement:
*3 Dn1ance civil service #erformance and revive a s#irit of #ublic service by5 a) $ncreasing salaries and #ensions/ #articularly for t1ose at t1e bottom of t1e 1ierarc1y/ #roviding better 1ousing/ trans#ort and 1ealt1 insurance for all government em#loyees/ and subsidised sc1ooling for t1eir c1ildren6 b) !onducting regular training/ including refres1er courses/ at all levels of t1e bureaucracy6
5 | Page c) $m#roving standards of inst ruction at training institutions to inculcate #rofessional skills as ell as norms and #ractices t1at reard integrity and #rofessional commitment6 d) Providing com#etitive com#ensation and benefits to attract ualified and motivated instructors6 e) 9inking an officer
%odernise civil service systems and #rocesses and en1ance interagency coordination t1roug1 e governance tec1nology by5 a) %aking com#liance it1 standards set by t1e DKovernment Iirectorate (DKI) mandatory for ma=or federal government #ro=ects6 b) $nstituting com#ulsory training in basic information tec1nology #rocesses for all government em#loyees in BP&' and above6 and c) Kiving t1e DKI greater financial and organi"ational autonomy by converting it from a cell to an attac1ed de#artment of t1e ministry of information tec1nology3 Conclusion:
D#oc1 of mismanagement/ #olitical mani#ulation and corru#tion 1ave rendered Pakistan
! | Page mostly Pakistan
