ABXEMELK CI@RKXI
VXKGBÀÄK MT\XMC L M TÉXIB7 K KCJK LB JKKX Amz k qub tu qubrbs jí lb sbr tulk lm Cbi .
_Bstb tbxtk aki rbtirmlk lk dknbetírik lb Armtbr Tbt-Mpbjpbj, 8<1 skhrb CIHBX K QBC NMERT B\ TM@I\\MB, qub dknpòb k besmik K \XMHMCJK NÍ@IDK LK EBÔAI\K.^ ∲
G
ucime Hmobr, qub aki ieidimlk lm Krlbn Jbrnétidm lm Murkrm Lkurmlm bn =1 lb guejk lb =:9< ek \bnpck Îsis-Rrèeim lb Ckelrbs, mni`k pbsskmc b k prinbirk Irnäk lm Krlbn m tbr dketmtk dkn Mcbistbr Drkwcby, bsdrbvbu bssms pmcmvrms bn sbu liírik ní`idk bn 4 lb gucjk lb
=:9:7 _...^ mpmrbdbu un `rmelb hricjk ek Cbstb b unm `rmelb bsduriläk ek Kbstb. Vbrpcbxk dkn æqubcm visäk, drbik tbr betrmlk bn unm vibcm, kelb vi unm drimeàm sbetmlm em bsdmlmrim lb unm dmsm. Bu pmrbi bn arbetb m dmsm b k nbeiek, dkn sbus pés drmvmlks lbetrk lms bsdmlms qub pmrbdimn sbr lb dinbetk purk, hckqubmvm niejm pmssm`bn. Bu nb sbetk mauelmelk ems bsdmlms dknk bcb. Betäk bu bnprbbeli nuitm akràm b smctbi pmrm lbetrk lb un qumrtk em dmsm. Rn pbrdbhi m prbsbeàm lb un vbcjk, nms eäk pklim vç-ck pkis nbus kcjks bstmvmn vbelmlks. _...^ em niejm arbetb, bcb mhriu un civrk b nb nkstrku un si`ick. Bn sb`uilm nb lbu iestruàòbs dknk usí-ck, lizbelk qub sbu khgbtivk brm tirmr ms dkisms lb lbetrk lm tbrrm. _...^ Mpôs k vbcjk nb besiemr dknk usmr k si`ick, bu smctbi pmrm kutrk qumrtk, sinpcbsnbetb mtrmvbssmelk m pmrblb. Cí jmvim unm nucjbr eum b un Mlbptk lb prbtk. Bcb nb lissb qub bcm bstmvm bn trmesb, nkrtm, jí nuitk tbnpk. Inblimtmnbetb, lb unm hbcm b gkvbn, bcm pmssku m unm lbdrépitm dugm dmreb dmiu lks kssks.
Ebssm betrmlm bn sbu liírik, Hmobr lbsdrbvim k qub ks nm`istms lm Krlbn Jbrnétidm lm Murkrm lkurmlm djmnmvmn lb soryie` em visäk lk bspîritk ku m dknunbetb dkejbdilm prkgbàäk mstrmc . M ilbim lb qub k jknbn pkssui un lupck mstrmc ku dkrpk mstrmc , dknunbetb rbabrilk em trmliàäk jbrnétidm dknk un dkrpk lb cuz qub qub pklb sb lbsckdmr lb sum bstruturm ku nmtriz aîsidm b gkremr pbcks étbrbs bspiritumis é nuitk meti`m. Ek bsdkpk lm ducturm jielu, bxistb m trmliàäk bspiritumc lks ečtjm-silljms ečtjm-silljms. \rmtm-sb lb unm trmliàäk yk`į qub pkstucm qub m pmrtir lms tédeidms kabrbdilms pbck yk`m é pkssîvbc lbsbevkcvbr pklbrbs psîquidks, silljis ku pbrabiàòbs, sbelk unm lbcms m dmpmdilmlb lb prkgbtmr k dkrpk mstrmc. M trmliàäk bspiritumc inbnkrimc bn tklms ms sums nmeiabstmàòbs ek pcmebtm tçn nuitks rbcmtks lb smetks, prkabtms, nbstrbs btd. dmpmzbs lb sb bedketrmr dkn betilmlbs prmtbr-junmems bn kutrms linbesòbs ku étbrbs.
É ietbrbssmetb ektmr qub bssms trmliàòbs, lbtbetkrms lbssbs rbcmtks b nétklks lb prkgbàäk mstrmc, sb lbsbevkcvbrmn ielbpbelbetbnbetb unms lms kutrms, bnhkrm dknpmrticjmssbn ieakrnmàòbs. Vkr bxbnpck, ks aicôskaks ebkpcmtüeidks lm murkrm dristä lbrivmrmn sums tbkrims skhrb k dkrpk mstrmc lks besiemnbetks lb Vcmtäk skhrb ms mcnms lms bstrbcms, lmî m pmcmvrm mstrmc , lk cmtin mstrun, qubr lizbr, bstrbcm. Bcbs akrmn prkauelmnbetb ieacubedimlks tmnhén pbcks besiemnbetks lb Mristôtbcbs, qub liauelim k dkedbitk lb mcnm sbesitivm, supkstmnbetb abitm lk nbsnk nmtbrimc lk qumc ms bstrbcms säk abitms. Ek betmetk, ms ilbims lb Vcmtäk b Mristôtbcbs pmrbdbn tbr dknk pmek lb auelk k akcdckrb jbcçeidk prinitivk qub lissbniemvm pbck nuelk meti`k qub tklm m trmliàäk íurbm lks `rb`ks b lks jielus prkviejm lb unm ducturm lb mctm dmstm, ks mrimeks. K tbnm lbslkhrmnbetk mstrmc sb sb pkpucmrizku b jkgb tbnks prkabsskrbs qub k mhkrlmn lb unm pbrspbdtivm nklbrem, kabrbdbelk dursks b wkrosjkps qub `mrmetbn rbsuctmlks. Tb bcbs bstäk dkrrbtks bn sbus nétklks ku eäk ku sb bstbs nétklks tçn prkluzilks rbsuctmlks smtisamtôriks ku eäk, sudbssk é m tum prkvm = ek Ekvk Mbke lb Mquírik. Tbgm dknk akr, nm`istms tçn skejmlk dkn m dmpmdilmlb lb lbsckdmr k Dkrpk lb Cuz lbslb m meti`uilmlb. Dkreécik M`rippm (=<:1-=242), aicôskak, nbtmc÷r`idk, mstrôck`k b nm`k lk Téd. ZQ lissb skhrb m dmpmdilmlb lb prkgbtmr Dkrpk lb Cuz qub smielk dknk qub lb unm prisäk, trmesdbelb ms mnmrrms lks nbnhrks b, sbn emlm pmrm in pblir-cjb k dmniejk _...^ dknprbbelb tklms ms dkisms b prbvç bvbetks auturks .8 M I`rbgm Dmtôcidm djmnm m dmpmdilmlb lb prkgbtmr k Dkrpk lb Cuz lb hickdmàäk b ie÷nbrms hruxms akrmn dkelbemlms m nkrtb em Ilmlb Nélim pkr mtbelbrbn mk Tmhhmtj lb Tmtä ms ekitbs. K hricjmetb civrk K NMX\BCK LMT ABI\IDBIXMT trmz ie÷nbrks rbcmtks skhrb dmsks lbssm emturbzm, bn qub nucjbrbs
brmn mdusmlms lb hruxmrim b drinbs dketrm I`rbgm. Rn rbcmtk ietbrbssmetb trmz bssb civrk, skhrb unm hruxm qub vkcuetmrimnbetb sb betrb`ku m armlbs lknieidmeks b rbcmtku-cjbs qub tklms ms ekitbs bcm mtbelim mk Tmhhmj lb Tmtä. Bcm nbsnm lissb qub eäk mlimetmvm trmedmaimr-cjb bn un dcmusuck, pkis nbsnk lbtilm bcm mielm irim mtbelbr mk Tmhhmtj lb Tmtä. Ks armlbs lknieidmeks rbcmtmrmn qub m ekitb k dkrpk lm hruxm sb berigbdbu dknpcbtmnbetb skhrb m dmnm b bcm betrku bn un trmesb dmtmcéptidk. Bcbs tbetmrmn tirmr m hruxm lb sbu trmesb b pmrm issk mté cjb qubinmrmn ks pés dkn abrrk qubetb, nms emlm, bcm eäk mdkrlku. Ek kutrk lim, bcm aki dmpmz lb rbcmtmr lbtmcjmlmnbetb k Tmhhmtj. Mpôs k bvbetk bcm tbvb nuitm skrtb, pkis aki dkesilbrmlm iesmem pbcks armlbs. Nuitms kutrms nucjbrbs nkrrbrmn qubinmlms pkr nuitk nbeks. Dknk amcbi metbrikrnbetb, ms hruxms qub mtbelimn mk Tmhhmtj uticizmvmn un ue`ubetk ní`idk qub prkluzim skek b çxtmsb, k qub ms dmpmditmvm m prkgbtmr sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz b pmrtidipmr lk Tmhhmtj. Ttmeicms lb @umitm (=:1==:90), prkbniebetb kductistm armedçs lk Téd. ZIZ qub pmrtidipku lk rbemsdbr lm nm`im, uticizmvm un dknpkstk m hmsb lb cmekciem, dmeemhis, ackrbs lb pm= MC QBC CB@IT, III7<1. 8 Dkreécik M`rippm, \ XÇT CIQXKT LB AICKTKAIM KDRC\M.
pkucm b jbcéhkrk pmrm gkremr ek Dkrpk lb Cuz. Nuitks akrmn ks kductistms dknk bcb qub cmeàmrmn näk lb nétklks xmnèeidks, m uticizmàäk lb pcmetms lb pklbr pmrm mnpcimr m dmpmdilmlb lb lbsckdmr k Dkrpk lb Cuz eks étbrbs. Bstbs nétklks pklbn sbr uticizmlks pkr Ebôaitks pmrm mlbstrmr k Dkrpk lb Cuz bn dkegueàäk dkn ms tédeidms lb yk`m besiemlms em M M . Ks nm`istms tjbcçnidks tçn uticizmlk sînhkcks mtrmvés lks qumis bcbs prkgbtmn k Dkrpk lb Cuz. Bssbs sînhkcks kpbrmn dknk dmtmcismlkrbs lm bxpbriçedim, qub aidm dkelidikemlm mk pcmek lm prkgbàäk rbprbsbetmlm pbck sînhkck. Vkr bxbnpck, unm prkgbàäk mstrmc mtrmvés lk Mtu I, K Nm`k lk \mrkt lb \jktj, prkluzirí unm bxpbriçedim lb emturbzm nbrdurimc, unm vbz qub k pcmebtm msskdimlk m bstb Mtu é Nbrd÷rik. Vkrtmetk, ms visòbs b dketmtks bxtrmnuelmeks qub kdkrrbrbn ebssm bxpbriçedim lbvbn tbr rbcmàäk dkn k pcmebtm Nbrd÷rik. Metbrikrnbetb bu lissb qub é inpkrtmetb qub k Ebôaitk nbnkrizb ms tmhbcms lb CIHBX 000 pmrm qub bstbgm nueilk lb mrnms pmrm tbstmr dmlm visäk ku betilmlb qub sb mprbsbetb lurmetb sum prkgbàäk. Ek civrk KT XI\RMIT LK \MXK\ bu nbedikebi7 ∼
∼
Bxistbn tbstbs m sbrbn bxbdutmlks em kdmsiäk lk trmab`k dkn qumcqubr betilmlb lk pcmek mstrmc ku em khtbeàäk lb visòbs mtrmvés lb soryie`. _...^ Dmsk jmgm mc`unm l÷vilm b vkdç pbesb qub m visäk é arutk lb sbus prôpriks lbvmebiks, lbsbejb bn sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz m cbtrm @inbc. Tb m visäk akr vbrlmlbirm, bcm sb tkremrí nmis eîtilm, dmsk dketrírik bcm irí sb lbsamzbr. Tum nbetb, pkr livbrsäk prôprim, pklb bstmr drimelk m visäk; Ebstb dmsk, m cbtrm Lmcbtj lbvb sbr lbsbejmlm ek dkrpk lb cuz. Dmsk m visäk bstbgm sbelk prkgbtmlm pbcks bstrmtks lm nbnôrim, betäk m cbtrm \mv lbvb sbr mpcidmlm. Vbetm`rmnms b jbxm`rmnms lks bcbnbetks b pcmebtms mprkprimlks pklbn sbr uticizmlks. É lbsebdbssírik qumcqubr tipk lb hmeinbetk m eäk sbr qub m betilmlb dketmtmlm sbgm bxtrbnmnbetb rbsistbetb mks sînhkcks cjb inpie`ilks. \klm ieakrnmàäk rbdbhilm lk pcmek mstrmc lbvb sbr qmhmcistidmnbetb tbstmlm. Dkrrbspkelçedims lbvbn sbr bstmhbcbdilms lb mdkrlk dkn m emturbzm lm rb`iäk ek mstrmc qub bstí sbelk bxpckrmlm. Ms nbsnms rb`rms sb mpcidmn m unm kpbrmàäk ní`idm. Vkr bxbnpck, Jédmtb é unm lbilmlb cuemr msskdimlm æ bspiritumcilmlb lms sknhrms b m Cum Nie`umetb. Qkdç eäk lbvb skciditmr m bcm mgulm bn qubstòbs qub bevkcvmn k suhnuelk b m nm`im ekturem ( ei`jtsilb ). Bxistb unm hkm rmzäk pmrm sb tbstmr ms betilmlbs dketmtmlms. M emturbzm lk pcmek mstrmc é icusôrim b issk sb mpcidm m sums jkrlms lb jmhitmetbs. Bn kdmsiòbs eäk nuitk rmrms k nm`istm pklb sbr sbluzilk b be`memlk pkr un Bcbnbetmc. Dmsk bcb eäk bstbgm prbpmrmlk, ms dkesbquçedims pklbn sbr amtmis.
Bstb ÷ctink pketk é prbdisk cbvmr bn dkesilbrmàäk. ]umcqubr dketmtk bxtrmnuelmek bn prkgbàòbs mstrmis sbn m vbriaidmàäk mlbqumlm lm bxpbriçedim pklb cbvmr k nm`istm lm lbprbssäk m khsbssäk. ]umcqubr betilmlb lbvb sbr dknpcbtmnbetb rbpbcilm mtrmvés lks ritumis lk pbetm`rmnm b jbxm`rmnm. Tupkejmnks qub é sum ietbeàäk mlquirir dkejbdinbetk lk bspîritk pbrtbedbetb æqubcm rb`iäk lk pcmek mstrmc qub vkdç bstí ievbsti`melk. Lbssm akrnm, qumcqubr betilmlb qub sb nmeiabstb lbvb sbr tbstmlm mtrmvés lb siemis, cbtrms b sînhkcks mlbqumlks. Vkr bxbnpck, sb Nmrtb aki ievkdmlk b unm betilmlb vbstielk un rkhb bsnbrmclm, bnpuejmelk un bspbdtrk em akrnm lk meoj b prkabrielk pmcmvrms cîridms mpmrbdbr, é lb sb suspbitmr, pkis bssms säk dmrmdtbrîstidms vbeusimems. Nms prbsunielk qub m betilmlb ku ietbci`çedim tbejm pmssmlk ek tbstb ieidimc — b sknbetb mpôs issk —, vkdç pklb lbixí-cm sb mprk-
xinmr pmrm unm ievbsti`màäk nmis lbtmcjmlm, iequirielk-m mdbrdm lk dkejbdinbetk qub lbsbgm khtbr. M mssueàäk lb akrnm liviem b m vihrmàäk lks eknbs hírhmrks lb bvkdmàäk säk lb `rmelb vmcim ebssb nknbetk. Rticizmelk k nbsnk bxbnpck mdinm, lm ievkdmàäk lb Nmrtb, m mssueàäk lm akrnm liviem lb Jôrus ku Ojbn-Nbetju msskdimlm m vihrmàäk lks eknbs hírhmrks lb bvkdmàäk iräk akrebdbr-cjb k pklbr b mutkrilmlb skhrb ms cb`iòbs lb bspîritks lm bsabrm lb Nmrtb. Ek betmetk, kutrks sînhkcks dknk ks jbxm`rmnms lk I-Djie` ku ks tmttvms pklbn sbr uticizmlks pmrm prkgbàäk lk Dkrpk lb Cuz. Nms k qub tbn be`memlk nuitks Dmelilmtks é qub bxistbn trçs tipks listietks lb prkgbàäk mstrmc7 =. Vrkgbàäk nbetmc 7 uticizm sînhkcks dknk pkrtmis pmrm lbtbrniemlms rb`iòbs lk pcmek mstrmc. Bstb nétklk tmnhén bstí msskdimlk æs prítidms lb soryie` b ms visòbs khtilms pkr bssb prkdbssk, tmnhén msskdimlms m lbtbrniemlms rb`iòbs lk pcmek mstrmc. 8. Vrkgbàäk mstrmc 7 uticizm k prôprik Dkrpk lb Cuz pmrm sb lbsckdmr ek pcmek mstrmc b bevkcvb m dmpmdilmlb rbmc lb cihbrtmr k Dkrpk lb Cuz lb sum bstruturm aîsidm b k nm`istm prkaidibetb lbvb sbr jíhic bn rbcmtmr tklm m bxpbriçedim dkn riqubzm lb lbtmcjbs. ]umetk nmis bxpbribetb akr k nm`istm, nmis cke`b bcb sbrí dmpmz lb gkremr dkn sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz. 4. Vrkgbàäk btéridm7 kdkrrb qumelk k dkrpk aîsidk betrm bn un bstmlk lb trmesb ieluzilk, sbgm mtrmvés lb un ue`ubetk ku mtrmvés lm ie`bstäk lb mc`unm pcmetm lb pklbr. Ebssb prkdbssk, dbrtm qumetilmlb lm suhstèedim prktkpcmsnítidm lk Dkrpk lb Cuz mdknpmejm m dkesdiçedim lk nm`istm. Ek civrk KT XI\RMIT LK \MXK\ bu nb bsakrdbi bn lbciebmr nétklks lb prkgbàäk nbetmc. M ietbeàäk é prbpmrmr Ebôaitks pmrm ks nétklks lb prkgbàäk mstrmc b btéridm qub bcb irí bedketrmr ek dursk lb sbu @rmu em Tmetm Krlbn. Ms nucjbrbs tçn nuitm amdicilmlb dkn prkgbàòbs btéridms lbvilk m sum emturbzm cuemr b mks jknbes é nmis aídic m prkgbàäk mstrmc dknk irbnks lisdutir lisdutir m`krm. Bn KT XI\RMIT LK \MXK\ bu bshkdbi un nétklk prbciniemr lb prkgbàäk nbetmc b lbpkis un ritumc mlbqumlk pmrm dmlm Dmniejk em Írvkrb lm Qilm. Xbpitk mqui m pmssm`bn skhrb bstb nétklk prbciniemr pmrm icustrmàäk lb unm prkgbàäk nbetmc7 K nétklk \rmtm-sb lb un nétklk lb dcmrivilçedim mstrmc b bevkcvb m prkg bàäk mtrmvés lk tbrdbirk kcjk ku čgýč-dmorm čgýč-dmorm, k Dbetrk lb Djkonmj. Mtrmvés lbssb bxbrdîdik é pkssîvbc lbixmr m bsabrm suhgbtivm lm sbesmàäk b khtbr visòbs qub pklbn sbr tbstmlms mtrmvés lk sistbnm qmhmcîstidk b pcmebtírik lm \rmliàäk Kdilbetmc lb Nistériks.
Vrítidm Mpôs ms prbpmrmàòbs, puriaidmàäk b ievkdmàòbs mprkprimlms, sbetb-sb em pksturm nblitmtivm pmrm mssueàäk lm akrnm liviem lm lbilmlb rbcmdikemlm. Ebssb prkdbssk,
sb dbrtiaiqub qub k dkrpk lb cuz mssuniu dknpcbtmnbetb m akrnm lm lbilmlb ( pmusm). Qisumcizb-sb ek dbetrk lb sbu \bnpck, Nmcoutj em Írvkrb lm Qilm. Em iespirmàäk, bcbvb-sb ek dkrpk lb cuz mtrmvés lk Vicmr lk Nbik. Em nblilm bn qub pmssm mtrmvés lm bsabrm lb Cbvmemj bn Ybskl b Tjbnbsj bn \ipjbrbtj, ví mlimetb mté mtrmvbssmr k cinimr prmtbmlk lb Lmmtj, pmrmelk betrb Djkonmj b Hiemj. Bssm é m linbesäk lk čgýč-dmorm čgýč-dmorm ( pmusm). Ebstb nknbetk, trmdb mstrmcnbetb ks pbetm`rmnms b jbxm`rmnms lk pcmek qub lbsbgm mdbssmr b ievbsti`mr. Mpôs trmàmr ks sînhkcks mprkprimlks, bxbdutb k Tiemc lb Jôrus ( betrmetb) mstrmcnbetb, prkgbtmelk-sb mtrmvés lk čgýč-dmorm čgýč-dmorm ( pmusm). \belk mtrmvbssmlk bssb cinimr, vkdç prkgbtku-sb pmrm akrm lb sum bstruturm aîsidm, pmrm lbetrk lk pcmek mstrmc, Ybtzirmj, k nmdrkdksnk. Bssb é k nknbetk pmrm ieidimr sum gkremlm dkn k Dkrpk lb Cuz. Ebstb nknbetk, mhrm ks kcjks b ks kuvilks lb sbu dkrpk mstrmc pmrm qub pksms vbr b bsdutmr ( pmusm).
Vmrm qub bssm tédeidm lb prkgbàäk nbetmc b kutrms lb prkgbàäk mstrmc b btéridm auedikebn, k nm`istm lbvb trbiemr bxbrdîdiks lb visumcizmàäk drimtivm, dkedbetrmàäk, nblitmàäk b kutrms. Bu lbciebbi mc`ues bxbrdîdiks mprkprimlks bn KT XI\RMIT LK \MXK\ b eäk é ebdbssírik rbpbti-cks. Ek betmetk, sbrim ietbrbssmetb mdrbsdbetmr unm prítidm mqui qub eäk ditbi ek civrk K T XI\RMIT LK \MXK\. Mlquirm un bspbcjk skhrb k qumc vkdç pklbrí khsbrvmr tklk k sbu dkrpk, lb pé ku sbetmlk bn unm dmlbirm. \rmtm-sb lb un bxbrdîdik hbn sinpcbs qub pklb sbr bxbdutmlk mpôs ks ritumis tjbcçnidks trmlidikemis ku nblitmàòbs. Tbetb-sb lb nmebirm dkeakrtívbc em arbetb lk bspbcjk b dmsk qubirm, rbmcisb k Xitumc lk Xbcmxmnbetk qub bstí ek civrk K T XI\RMIT LK \MXK\. Mpôs rbmcizmr k Xitumc lk Xbcmxmnbetk, mhrm sbus kcjks b khsbrvb duilmlksmnbetb dmlm pmrtb lb sbu dkrpk. Vmssb k níxink lb tbnpk qub dkesb`ub aidmr dkn ks kcjks mhbrtks sbn pisdí-cks khsbrvmelk dknpcbtmnbetb sbu dkrpk, nbnkrizmelk dmlm pmrtb lb si. Bn sb`uilm, abdjb ks kcjks b prkdurb sb cbnhrmr lb dmlm lbtmcjb. Dmsk eäk k dkesi`m, mhrm ekvmnbetb ks kcjks b rbpitm bssb prkdbssk lb nbnkrizmàäk. Vmrm ks prinbirks pmssks ems tédeidms lb prkgbàäk mstrmc, k Ebôaitk lbvb sbr dmpmz lb dkn ks kcjks abdjmlks sb cbnhrmr lb dmlm pmrtb lb sbu dkrpk, lb dmlm lbtmcjb lb sum vbstinbetm ritumcîstidm. Mpôs lbsbevkcvbr m dmpmdilmlb lb cbnhrmr dmlm pmrtb lb sbu dkrpk, sbu prôxink pmssk sbrí visumcizí-ck dknpcbtmnbetb em sum arbetb. K Ebôaitk lbvbrí drimr unm inm`bn bxmtm lb si nbsnk dkn ks kcjks abdjmlks. Tb bcb dknk Vrkhmdikeistm trbieku ms tédeidms lb prkgbàäk nbetmc, betäk mtrmvés lb sbu čgýč-dmorm čgýč-dmorm bcb lbvbrí prkgbtmr sum dkesdiçedim pmrm lbetrk lm inm`bn qub driku lb si nbsnk. Bn nbu civrk N BLI\MÀÄK BN \BKXIM & VXÍ\IDM (Qkc. I) bu lbciebbi nétklks nblitmtivks pmrm k trbiemnbetk lbssm dmpmdilmlb b ks Ebôaitks säk kribetmlks m cbiturm. Tbelk prkaidibetb em prkgbàäk lb sum dkesdiçedim pmrm lbetrk lk lupckbtéridk drimlk, k nm`istm betäk lbvbrí sb bsakràmr bn vbr dkn ks kcjks lk
lupck-btéridk k mnhibetb mk sbu rblkr. Tknbetb mpôs k sudbssk ebssm prítidm
é qub k bxbrdîdik qub sb`ub lbvbrí sbr bxbdutmlks. K nétklk trmtm-sb lb unm prkgbàäk mstrmc mtrmvés lks tmttvms b dkestitui un bxbrdîdik bxdbcbetb mk Ebôaitk. Ks tmttvms tçn silk dkesilbrmlks pkrtmis mtrmvés lks qumis é pkssîvbc prkgbtmr k Dkrpk lb Cuz eks étbrbs lk pcmek mstrmc. Ms dkrrbspkelçedims pmrm bssm prkgbàäk sb`ubn7
\M\\QM Vṟtivį Qčyu Ćpms \bgms Ćočşm
BCBNBE\K \brrm Mr Í`um Ak`k Étbr
TBVJIXK\ Nmcout Lmmtj Ybskl \ipjbrbtj Obtjbr
DKXVK Vés b èeus @mr`metm Ôr`äk sbxumis Dkrmàäk Mctk lm dmhbàm
Eks bxbrdîdiks metbrikrbs bu pbli qub k prmtidmetb bxbdutmssb k Xitumc lk Vicmr lk Nbik b mk Ebôaitk sbrim mlbqumlk sum nbnkrizmàäk. Mtrmvés lbstb ritumc é pkssîvbc, ems lms prítidms, tkremr-sb dkesdibetb lm msskdimàäk betrb ms Tbpjirktj lm Írvkrb lm Qilm b ms pmrtbs lk dkrpk, dknk ek bsqubnm mdinm. M vihrmàäk lks Eknbs Livieks, lbssm nmebirm, mdikem zkems lb pklbr ek Dkrpk lb Cuz msskdimlms æs pmrtbs lk dkrpk. K bxbrdîdik qub sb`ub trmtm-sb lb unm prkgbàäk mstrmc uticizmelk včyu-tmttvm včyu-tmttvm, dugk Bcbnbetk msskdimlk é Mr b tbn rbcmàäk dkn m `mr`metm. M zkem lb pklbr ku dmorm msskdimlk m bssm rb`iäk é k vişullji-dmorm vişullji-dmorm, qub rbprbsbetm eäk mpbems m ekssm bxprbssäk pbsskmc ku dmpmdilmlb lb dknueidmàäk, nms priedipmcnbetb m dknueidmàäk dkn drimturms bspiritumis b kutrks pcmeks bxistbedimis. Bstb dmorm, vişullji-Lmmtj vişullji-Lmmtj tbn silk dkesilbrmlk k pketk lb ie`rbssk b b`rbssk ek pcmek mstrmc. Em trmliàäk lm ]mhmcmj Jbrnétidm, Lmmtj tbn silk dkesilbrmlm m dkebxäk dkn kutrms linbesòbs bspiritumis ku rbmcilmlbs listietms. 4
Xitumc lb Vrkgbàäk Mstrmc mtrmvés lks \mttvms7 Bcbnbetk Mr- Qčyu Bstí`ik =7 Vrbpmrmàäk | Xitumc lk Xbcmxmnbetk Ebôaitk, bstbgm lbvilmnbetb pmrmnbetmlk dkn sbu Xkhb Eb`rk. Tbetb-sb dkeakrtmvbcnbetb bn un hmedk ku unm dmlbirm, lb arbetb pmrm k mctmr, ek dbetrk lb sbu Dîrduck Ní`idk, em pksturm lk Lbus. \kreb-sb bstívbc em pksturm b rbcmxb tklk sbu dkrpk. @beticnbetb abdjb ks kcjks b rbspirb mpbems pbck emriz ( pmusm). Xbcmxb tklks ks n÷sducks lk dkrpk aîsidk. Tietm un arbsdkr pkr tklk k dkrpk b dkn emturmcilmlb skssb`ub tklms ms sums mtivilmlbs.
4 Lkis
pketks inpkrtmetbs prbdismn sbr smcibetmlks. M listrihuiàäk lks dmorms lm ducturm tèetridm jielu em Írvkrb lm Qilm tbn silk kstbesivmnbetb livuc`mlm pkr ie÷nbrks mutkrbs. Nms ms dkrrbspkelçedims nuitms vişulljivbzbs eäk säk prbdisms. Em Krlk \bnpci Kribetis, K.\.K., sb`uielk ks mpketmnbetks lb Drkwcby, k vişulljidmorm bstí msskdimlk m Hiemj (QIII¶ @rmu). B nuitk bnhkrm ie÷nbrks mutkrbs mpketbn Lmmtj dknk k nbcjkr ckdmc lb ie`rbssk b b`rbssk lk pcmek mstrmc, é pkssîvbc prkgbtmr k Dkrpk lb Cuz mtrmvés lb tklms ms Tbpjirktj.
Eäk bxistb ebejunm tbesäk ku ri`ilbz bn qumcqubr nbnhrk ku pmrtb lk dkrpk. Amàm ks ÷ctinks mgustbs em pksturm7 dmsk sietm m ebdbssilmlb lb sb nkvinbetmr, amàm-k m`krm, pmrm qub eäk aiqub mgustmelk m pksturm pkstbrikrnbetb. Lb amtk, é nbcjkr qub nkvinbetb k dkrpk m`krm, nbsnk qub pbesb eäk sbr ebdbssírik, pkis issk irí prbvbeir qumcqubr tbelçedim lb sb nkvinbetmr lurmetb m prítidm. \rm`m sum dkesdiçedim pmrm k dkrpk aîsidk b lbsbevkcvm m bxpbriçedim lbcb. Dkesdiçedim tktmc bn sbu dkrpk aîsidk. Lbsbevkcvm m dkesdiçedim lk dkrpk. Tietm sbu dkrpk em pksturm lb nblitmàäk. Bstbgm dkesdibetb lb tklk k dkrpk, lm dmhbàm mks pés ( pmusm). TmṂomcpm Nbetmcnbetb li`m pmrm si nbsnk7 lurmetb tklm prítidm nmetbejk-nb dknpcbtmnbetb mcbrtm, tktmcnbetb mtbetk. Bn un bstmlk lb rbcmxmnbetk tktmc. Vbrnmebàk dknpcbtmnbetb mcbrtm, mtbetk b rbcmxmlk lurmetb tklm m prítidm ( pmusm). Dkesdiçedim Dkesdiçedim rbspirmtôrim Lirigm sum dkesdiçedim pmrm k acuxk emturmc em turmc lb sum rbspirmàäk. Tietm k mr betrmelk pbcms emriems. Tmhkrbib k mr. Inm`ieb qub é m prinbirm vbz qub vkdç bstí rbspirmelk. M rbspirmàäk, dknk m dirducmàäk sme`uîebm, gmnmis sb ietbrrknpb. Vbcm rbspirmàäk sbr nmis amdicnbetb pbrdbhilm b dketrkcmlm, é nmis aídic bstmr dkesdibetb lbcm lk qub ms hmtilms lk dkrmàäk b m dirducmàäk sme`uîebm. Tietm k mr acuielk pmrm lbetrk b pmrm akrm mtrmvés lb sums emriems. Em nblilm bn qub iespirm, nbetmcnbetb dketb =. Em nblilm bn qub bxpirm, nbetmcnbetb dketb 8. Dketieub ebstm dketm`bn mté mtie`ir <6 ( pmusm). Nmetbejm k acuxk emturmc lb sum rbspirmàäk. Eäk tbetb rbspirmr cbetmnbetb ku prkauelmnbetb. Nmetbejm dkesdiçedim ek acuxk emturmc lb sum rbspirmàäk b em dketm`bn nbetmc ( pmusm). Dkesdiçedim tktmc em rbspirmàäk, ek nkvinbetk lk mhlünbe b em dketm`bn nbetmc ( pmusm). Qisumcizmàäk lm bsabrm lkurmlm M`krm, visumcizb unm bsabrm lkurmlm lb cuz qubetb dirduelmelk sbus pés. Em nblilm bn qub vç b sbetb m bsabrm lkurmlm lb cuz qubetb dirduelmelk sbus pés, pbrdbhm sbu dkrpk nmis rbcmxmlk, pbrdbhm sbu dkrpk nmis dkeakrtívbc, sietm un bstmlk lb pmz ietbrikr drbsdbelk bn sbu ietbrikr ( pmusm). Qisumcizb ms bsabrm lkurmlm lb cuz qubetb suhielk pkr sums pbrems. Ebssb prkdbssk, sbu dkrpk é ieuelmlk lb pmz ietbrikr ( pmusm). M bsabrm lkurmlm lb cuz qubetb dketieum m suhir, bevkcvbelk sbus hrmàks b k trkek bn unm sbesmàäk lb rbcmxmnbetk, cbvbzm b pmz ietbrikr ( pmusm). Aiemcnbetb, sbu dkrpk é dknpcbtmnbetb tknmlk pbcm bsabrm lkurmlm qub sb tkrem m prôprim bsabrm. Eäk bxistb ebejun tipk lb tbesäk
Tbu dkrpk bstí dknpcbtmnbetb rbcmxmlk, dknpcbtmnbetb lbsdmesmlk. Tum rbspirmàäk bstí trmequicm. Tum nbetb bstí bn pmz ( pmusm cke`m). Bstí`ik 87 Hmeinbetk Nmetbejm-sb sbetmlk em pksturm lk Lbus dkn ks kcjks abdjmlks. Xbmcisb k Xitumc lm Bstrbcm lb Tme`ub (tmnhén dkejbdilk dknk Xitumc Xuhi Bstrbcm) em pksturm lk Lbus7 Qisumcizb sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz sb cbvmetmelk lm dmlbirm b mtrmvés lk čgýččgýčdmorm, prkgbtb sum dkesdiçedim pmrm lbetrk lm bstruturm lb sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz. (Vmusm). Mpôs tbr pcbem dbrtbzm lb qub sum dkesdiçedim aki dknpcbtmnbetb prkgbtmlm pmrm k Dkrpk lb Cuz, mhrm ks kcjks b vbgm k mnhibetb mstrmc mk sbu rblkr. Dmniejb ek sbetilk jkrírik lbetrk lk Dîrduck Ní`idk dkn m Mlm`m em näk lirbitm, lb `umrlm b mcbrtm. Lç trçs vkctms ek Dîrduck Ní`idk b pmrb limetb lk qumlrmetb Cbstb. (Vmusm). Qkdç sb bedketrm ek qumlrmetb Cbstb, mtrihuîlk mk Mr. Bstbelm sbus hrmàks b pbrdbhm sum dkebxäk dkn bstb Bcbnbetk. Tietm k Bcbnbetk Mr ek sbu dkrpk, unm sbesmàäk lb cbvbzm lbvb sbr bxpbrinbetmlm. ( Vmusm). Ieidib betäk k Xitumc lm Bstrbcm lb Tme`ub mtrmvés lb sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz. Qí bn dmlm un lks qumlrmetbs lk bspmàk b trmdb k pbetm`rmnm b vihrb sbus rbspbdtivks Eknbs Livieks. Vrkdurb pbrdbhbr ms nulmeàms ek mnhibetb mstrmc mk sbu rblkr em nblilm bn qub rbmcizm k ritumc pmssmelk pbcks qumlrmetbs lk bspmàk. (Vmusm). Mk aiemcizmr k Xitumc lm Bstrbcm lb Tme`ub , rbtkreb mk dbetrk b khsbrvb dknk unm sbetiebcm dmlm un lks qumlrmetbs lk bspmàk, sb dbrtiaidmelk lm baidiçedim lb sbu hmeinbetk ní`idk. (Vmusm). Bn sb`uilm, rbmhskrvm sum dkesdiçedim mtrmvés lk čgýč-dmorm čgýč-dmorm, rbmhskrvbelk sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz. ( Vmusm).< ]umelk tivbr dknpcbtm dkesdiçedim lb sbu dkrpk aîsidk, nmetbejm sbus kcjks abdjmlks b bxbdutb k Xitumc lk Vicmr lk Nbik. ( Vmusm). Bstí`ik 47 Qčyu-lṟṤṮ i Nmetbejm-sb sbetmlk. Qisumcizb em rb`iäk lm `mr`metm un dîrduck em dkr mzuc hricjmetb lb qumtrk pkcb`mlms b betäk vihrb 7 YJQJ Bckjin ( ybj-ji-vmj-bckjin). vişullji-dmorm b lb sbu Nmetbejm tklm m sum mtbeàäk em eudm, m rb`iäk lk vişullji-dmorm o Ṥbtrmn-dmorm em `mr`metm, visumcizmelk ebstms rb`iòbs un dîrduck mzuc hricjmetb. É dknk jkuvbssb lkis dîrducks, un em eudm b kutrk em `mr`metm, dkebdtmlks pkr un aicmnbetk lb cuz mzucmlk. ( Vmusm). Mqui k prmtidmetb lbvbrim sbetir siemis lb sum prkgbàäk7 m. unm sbesmàäk lb lbsbquicîhrik, dknk sb bstivbssb dmielk pmrm mc`un cmlk, bsqubrlk, lirbitk, pmrm arbetb ku pmrm trís. Bssm é unm ielidmàäk lb qub k Dkrpk lb Cuz bstí sb lbsprbelbelk lk dkrpk aîsidk. h. unm vihrmàäk qub tknm tklk k dkrpk, suhielk b lbsdbelk, dmlm vbz nmis akrtb, vbckz b rb`ucmr. d. unm sbesmàäk pbsmlm mk rblkr lk pbsdkàk. K Ebôaitk lbvb lbsbevkcvbr k bqui< Bssm sb`uelm btmpm é
unm prkgbàäk nbetmc, ebdbssírim dknk prbpmrk pmrm prkgbàäk mstrmc.
cîhrik bn cutmr dketrm (drimr tbesäk) bssms sbesmàòbs b sb pbrnitir sbeticms pcbemnbetb (rbcmxmr m tbesäk) mté qub smihm k nknbetk bxmtk bn qub sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz pkssm sb lbsprbelbr dknpcbtmnbetb lb sum bstruturm aîsidm. Lurmetb tklk bssb prkdbssk, nmetbejm sum dkedbetrmàäk ek vişullji b o Ṥbtrmn-dmorms b nmetbejm m visumcizmàäk lk dîrduck mzuc hricjmetb b m vihrmàäk lk Eknb Liviek. ( pmusm). Bstí`ik <7 Vrkgbàäk lk Dkrpk lb Cuz ]umelk k Ebôaitk sbetir qub sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz sb lbsckdku dknpcbtmnbetb dknpcbtmnbetb lb sum bstruturm aîsidm, bcb pklbrí ieidimr sbu prkdbssk lb pbsquism ek pcmek mstrmc.2 Tbrim ietbrbssmetb qub bcb bn sums prinbirms bxpbrinbetmàòbs eäk smîssb lb sbu tbnpck aîsidk/mstrmc. Bcb lbvb amzbr mci mc`unms kpbrmàòbs lb nm`im, rbakràmr sum Virènilb Ní`idm mtrmvés lb ritumis bcbnbetmis b mspirmr k Tm`rmlk bn Obtjbr, Bu Tku, dkn khcmàòbs lb krmàòbs b smulmàòbs. Bstí`ik 27 Xbtkrek lk Dkrpk lb Cuz Mpôs sums ievbsti`màòbs, k Ebôaitk pklbrí rbtkremr mk sbu dkrpk aîsidk mprkxinmelk-sb lbcb dkn k Dkrpk lb Cuz b `beticnbetb mssbetmelk-sb ebcb. ]umelk mnhks ks dkrpks bstivbrbn mciejmlks, vm`mrksmnbetb dknbdb m nkvinbetmr k dkrpk7 lblks lms näks b pés, dmhbàm pmrm un cmlk b pmrm k kutrk, nms eäk mhrm ks kcjks. ( Vmusm). Bstí`ik 17 Bedbrrmnbetk Bedbrrmnbetk Nmetbejm-sb sbetmlk b rbmcizb k Xitumc lk Vicmr lk Nbik. ( Vmusm). Bn sb`uilm, unm prkgbàäk nbetmc dknk ek ieîdik lk bxpbrinbetk rbmcizmelk k Xitumc lm Bstrbcm lb Tme`ub 7 visumcizb sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz sb cbvmetmelk lm dmlbirm b mtrmvés lk čgýč-dmorm čgýč-dmorm, prkgbtb sum dkesdiçedim pmrm lbetrk lm bstruturm lb sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz. ( Vmusm). Mpôs tbr pcbem dbrtbzm lb qub sum dkesdiçedim aki dknpcbtmnbetb prkgbtmlm pmrm k Dkrpk lb Cuz, mhrm ks kcjks b vbgm k mnhibetb mstrmc mk sbu rblkr. Dmniejb ek sbetilk jkrírik lbetrk lk Dîrduck Ní`idk dkn m Mlm`m em näk lirbitm, lb `umrlm b mcbrtm. Lç trçs vkctms ek Dîrduck Ní`idk b pmrb limetb lk qumlrmetb Cbstb. (Vmusm). Qkdç sb bedketrm ek qumlrmetb Cbstb, mtrihuîlk mk Mr. Bstbelm sbus hrmàks b pbrdbhm sum dkebxäk dkn bstb Bcbnbetk. Tietm k Bcbnbetk Mr ek sbu dkrpk, unm sbesmàäk lb cbvbzm lbvb sbr bxpbrinbetmlm. ( Vmusm). Ieidib betäk k Xitumc Nbekr lk Vbetm`rmnm mtrmvés lb sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz. Qí bn dmlm un lks qumlrmetbs lk bspmàk b trmdb k pbetm`rmnm lm \brrm b vihrb sbus rbspbdtivks Eknbs Livieks. Vrkdurb pbrdbhbr ms nulmeàms ek mnhibetb mstrmc mk sbu rblkr em nblilm bn qub rbmcizm k ritumc pmssmelk pbcks qumlrmetbs lk bspmàk. ( Vmusm). Mk aiemcizmr k Xitumc lm Bstrbcm lb Tme`ub , rbtkreb mk dbetrk b khsbrvb dknk unm sbetiebcm dmlm un lks qumlrmetbs lk bspmàk, sb dbrtiaidmelk lm baidiçedim lb sbu hmeinbetk ní`idk. (Vmusm). čgýč-dmorm, rbmhskrBn sb`uilm, rbmhskrvm sum dkesdiçedim mtrmvés lk čgýč-dmorm vbelk sbu Dkrpk lb Cuz. ( Vmusm). 2 Eäk sb trmtm lb unm visumcizmàäk. K Ebôaitk lbvb bstmr dknpcbtmnbetb ek Dkrpk lb Cuz.
Mhrm sbus kcjks. Ain lk bxpbrinbetk. Ek ieîdik b aiemc lbstb bxpbrinbetk, k Ebôaitk rbmcizm unm prkgbàäk nbetmc. Bssm prítidm pklb sbr iskcmlm b dkegu`mlm dkn k Xitumc lk Vicmr lk Nbik dknk trbiemnbetk liírik, pbcm nmejm b ekitb. Dmsk qubirm, ks ritumis lk jbxm`rmnm pklbn sbr bxbdutmlks tmnhén. K Ebôaitk lbvb prkdurmr mnmlurbdbr m prkgbàäk lk Dkrpk lb Cuz lb ie÷nbrms nmebirms. Dknk vbejk rbssmctmelk ebstb besmik, bcb lbvb nmetbrsb sicbediksk bn sum prítidm. É k ku ek Ticçedik qub bcb lbsbevkcvbrí m pbrdbpàäk lb sums sbesmàòbs, mlbstrmrí sbus sbetilks b ôr`äks lb màäk, bstruturmelk dknpcbtmnbetb sum Írvkrb lm Qilm nidrkdôsnidm ku Virènilb lb Vklbr. \klks ks sbus rbsuctmlks, sbgmn amcjms ku vitôrims, lbvbn sbr nieudiksmnbetb mektmlks bn sbu liírik ní`idk. Bu lku iestruàòbs skhrb m prítidm lk liírik ní`idk bn K KCJK LB JKKX7 WBXK b KT XI\RMIT LK \MXK\. K sb`rblk lm prkgbàäk dkn k Dkrpk lb Cuz é m pbrsistçedim. ]umetk nmis k Ebôaitk prmtidm, nmis bcb tbn lknîeik b smhb k qub amzbr. Ms prkgbàòbs btéridms säk nmis mlbqumlms ms nucjbrbs ek Kaîdik lb Hmhmcke, nms jknbes pklbn amzç-cm dkn prkaidiçedim tmnhén. K prkhcbnm dkn bssb tipk lb prkgbàäk é k dketb÷lk prèeidk `mstk em bxpbriçedim. Bu k ielidk sknbetb mpôs nmbstrim em prkgbàäk lk Dkrpk lb Cuz. M prkgbàäk btéridm, pkrtmetk, bxi`b nmikrbs duilmlks dkn k dkrpk aîsidk, dknk unm sm÷lb bxdbcbetb, skek bn lim b priedipmcnbetb m bxbduàäk bn un cu`mr sb`urk, sbn ietbrabrçedims bxtbrems. Vkr issk, bssb tipk lb prkgbàäk é mlbqumlk sknbetb qumelk k \bnpck bstí lbvilmnbetb bliaidmlk b ms `umrlimeims cbvmetmlms, aîsidms b mstrmis. K dkrpk btéridk tbn îetinm dkebxäk dkn m rbspirmàäk b m dmpmdilmlb lb mhskràäk prèeidm. Lbssm nmebirm, pmrm bxbduàäk prkaidibetb lk dketb÷lk btéridk, k Ebôaitk lbvb sbr prkaidibetb tmnhén bn prčṀčyčnm b prčṀm prčṀm-vilyč vilyč. K nbcjkr ie`rblibetb pmrm prkgbàäk btéridm säk ms pcmetms lb pklbr. K Ebôaitk lbvbrí amzbr uticizmàäk lbcms skh lirbtk muxîcik lb sbu Tupbrikr em Krlbn. Mnkr é m cbi, mnkr skh vketmlb.
K \rmhmcjk Ní`idk lk Ebôaitk aki tbnm lb K KCJK LB JKKX, Qk. I, Ek. <. Bstb é un Gkremc lb Vbsquisms \jbcçnidms prkluzilk pbck Kutbr Dkccb`b Hrmsic , ciejm lb trmesnissäk lm M M mtrmvés lb Armtbr Tbt-Mpbjpbj, 8<1 . Vmrm betrmr bn dketmtk dkn k Dmedbccmrius lm M M mdbssb k cieo7 ∼
∼
∲
∼
∼
jttps7//srioucmdmrm.wixsit jttps7//sri oucmdmrm.wixsitb.dkn/kutbrdkccb` b.dkn/kutbrdkccb`bhrmsic bhrmsic
