PROJECT ON PROPERTY LAW
PROJECT TOPIC :
KINDS OF MORTGAGE MORTGAGE
PROJECT SUBMITTED TO :
MS MEENU SHARMA
PROJECT SUBMITTED BY :
CHIRAG ANEJA
ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT NUMBER :
A11921512022
INDEX
1. 2. . !. 5. ". #. $. 9.
WHAT IS MORTGAGE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF MORTGAGE TYPES OF MORTGAGE SIMPLE MORTGAGE MORTGAGE BY CONDITIONAL SALE USUFRUCTUARY MORTGAGE ENGLISH MORTGAGE MORTGAGE BY DEPOSIT OF TITLE DEEDS ANOMALOUS MORTGAGE
WHAT IS A MORTGAGE :
I% &% '() *&+, '- 1$$ J/+*, M&3'') '4+,6,) 788 & 3'&, &+ /%),+'') % + *'/% *&%%' 4, ),;%,) 4,, &% 4 , ),;%'% &)'<,) 4 , L,+(&/, % +,*'% 5$ '- , T&%+-, '- P'<, A* . T& ),;%'% &+ %' % &% =& &(,,) , (&= 4/ '% , *'%& &+ '%( -'3/(&,) % *(,& (&%/&, , %''%+ '- & 3'&, &+ /%),+'') 4 &(( , =,+ '- , ,>?4''@+ '% I%)&% 3'&,+ . E6, =') '- , ),;%'% + 4'%, '/ 4 , ),*+'%+ '- I%)&% C'/+ '- J/+*, 8..
S,*'% 5$ '- , T&%+-, '- P'<, A* ),;%,+ 3'&, . A**')% ' + +,*'% & 3'&, + , &%+-, '- &% %,,+ % +<,*;* 33'6&4(, <'<, -' , +% ' -//, ),4 ' , <,-'3&%*, '- &% ,%&,3,% =* 3& 6, +, ' & <,*/%& (&4( .
T, &%+-,' + *&((,) & 3'&' &%) , &%+-,,, & 3'&,, . T, <%*<&( 3'%, &%) %,,+ '- =* <&3,% + +,*/,) -' , 3, 4,% &, *&((,) , 3'&,?3'%, &%) , %+/3,% 4 =* , &%+-, + ,,*,) + *&((,) & 3'&, ),,) . T, =')+ 3'&'+ &%) 3'&,,+ &(+' %*(/), <,+'%+ ),6% (, -'3 ,3 ,+<,*6,( .
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF MORTGAGE
T,, &, ,, ,++,%&( ,(,3,%+ '- & 3'&, . T, &, &+ -'(('=+ 1 T,, 3/+ 4, &%+-, '- &% %,,+ = ,+<,* ' 33'6&4(, <'<, . 2 T, %,,+ &%+-,,) 3/+ 4, '- +'3, +<,*;* 33'6&4(, <'<, . T, +% ' -//, ),4 ' 4 , <,-'3&%*, '- &% ,%&,3,% =* 3& 6, +, ' & <,*/%& (&4( .
TYPES OF MORTGAGE
S,*'% 5$ '- , T&%+-, '- <'<, A* &+ %')/*,) +> @%)+ '- 3'&,+ . , &, &+ -'(('=+ ???? 1 S3<(, 3'&,. 2 M'&, 4 *'%)'%&( +&(, . U+/-/*/& 3'&, . ! E%(+ 3'&, .
5 M'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (,?),,)+ . " A%'3&('/+ 3'&, .
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
, 3'&,, /%), & +3<(, 3'&, &+ %' =&+',6, ' &*/&( <'++,++'% '- , 3'&,) <'<, ' &% ', <'++,++'% & &((.
MORTGAGE BY CONDITIONAL SALE? W,, , 3'&' '+,%+4( +,((+ , 3'&,) <'<,:?
O% *'%)'% & '% ),-&/( '- <&3,% '- , 3'&,? 3'%, '% & *,&% )&, , +&(, +&(( 4,*'3, &4+'(/, ' '% *'%)'% & '% +/* <&3,% 4,% 3&), , +&(, +&(( 4,*'3, 6') ' '% *'%)'% & '% +/* <&3,% 4,% 3&), , 4/, +&(( &%+-, , <'<, ' , +,((, , &%+&*'% + *&((,) & 3'&, 4 *'%)'%&( +&(, &%) , 3'&,, & 3'&,, 4 *'%)'%&(.
PROIDED & %' +/* &%+&*'% +&(( 4, ),,3,) ' 4, & 3'&, /%(,++ , *'%)'% + ,34'),) % , )'*/3,% =* ,,*+ '
M'&, 4 *'%)'%&( +&(, + &% &<<&,% +&(, = & *'%)'% & /<'% ,<&3,% '- , *'%+),&'% &3'/% ,
+&(, , % ,++,%*, , %,%'% '- , <&,+ + ' +,*/, , 3'%, =* , +,((, &@,+ &+ ('&% -'3 ,
E++,%&( ,(,3,%+ '- 3'&, 4 C'%)'%&( S&(, A**')% ' S,*'% 5$* , 3'&, 4 *'%)'%&( +&(, &+ -'(('=% ,++,%&( ,(,3,%+:
.
T,, + &% '+,%+4(, +&(, '- &% 33'6&4(, <'<,.
.
T, +&(, + +/4,* ' &% '- , -'(('=% *'%)'%+: o
o
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O% %'%?<&3,% '- 3'&,?3'%, <*, , +&(, ='/() 4,*'3, &4+'(/, ' O% %'%?<&3,% '- 3'&,?3'%, , +&(, +&(( 4,*'3, 6') ' , 4/, +&(( , &%+-, , +&) <'<, ' , +,((,.
T, *'%)'% 3/+ 4, ,34'),) % , +&3, )'*/3,%.
O+,%+4(, +&(, 3,&%+ & +&(, =* &<<&,%( (''@+ (''@ & +&(, 4/ % ,&( ,, + %' +&(,. I% + 3'&, &<<&,%( ,, + & +&(, '- &% 33'6&4(, <'<, 4/ % ,&( + %,%),) ' +,*/, & ),4. A('/ % &<<,&&%*, , &%+&*'% 3& 4, (@, & +&(, 4/ +%*, , %,%'% '- , <&,+ + ' ,& &+ +,*/ -' ),4 ,,-', ,, 3/+ ,>+ & ,(&'% '- ),4' &%) *,)' 4,=,,% +,((, &%) 4/, , +&(, + %' 3'&,.
USUFRUCTUARY MORTGAGE? W,, , 3'&' ),(6,+ <'++,++'% ' ,><,++( ' 4 3<(*&'% 4%)+ 3+,(- ' ),(6, <'++,++'% '- , 3'&,) <'<, ' , 3'&,, &%) &/'+,+ 3 ' ,&% +/* <'++,++'% /%( <&3,% '- , 3'&,?3'%, &%) ' ,*,6, , ,%+ &%) <';+ &**/% -'3 , <'<, ' &% <& '- +/* ,%+ &%) <';+ &%) ' &<<'<&, , +&3, % (,/ '- %,,+ ' % <&3,% '- , 3'&,?3'%, ' <&( % (,/ '- %,,+ ' <&( % <&3,% '- , 3'&,?3'%, , &%+&*'% + *&((,) & /+/-/*/& 3'&, &%) , 3'&,, & /+/-/*/& 3'&,,.7
M'&, + /+/-/*/& =,, , 3'&' 6,+ <'++,++'% '- , <'<, ' 3'&,,. S%*, <'++,++'% + = 3'&,, , ,+ , /+/-/* .,. P')/*, 4,%,;+ ,%+ ' <';+ '- , 3'&,?<'<,. I% & /+/-/*/& 3'&, , 3'&,, + ,%(,) ' ,%' , 4,%,;+ '- 3'&, <'<, % (,/ '- %,,+ '% , <%*<&( 3'%, ),4 &)6&%*,) 4 3. S' '% <&3,% '- ),4 <%*<&( 3'%, , 3'&,, &+ %' '- <'++,++'%. W,, , <'<, + *&<&4(, '- 6% '') <')/*, ' 4,%,;+ , <&,+ 3& &(+' &,, & 3'&,, + ,%(,) ' , , /+/-/* '- <'<, %' '%( % (,/ '- %,,+ 4/ &(+' % <&? <&3,% '- , 3'%, &)6&%*,).
E++,%&( ,(,3,%+ '- /+/-/*& 3'&,? T, ,++,%&( ,(,3,%+ '- /+/-/*/& 3'&' &, &+ -'(('=+:?
1. D,(6, '- <'++,++'% '- , 3'&,?<'<, ' &% ,><,++ ' 3<(,) /%),&@% 4 3'&' ' ),(6, +/* <'++,++'%.
2. E%'3,% ' /+, '- , <'<, 4 3'&,, /%( + )/,+ &, <&) '.
.
N' <,+'%&( (&4( '- , 3'&'.
!. M'&,, *&% %' -',*('+, ' +/, -' +&(, '- 3'&,?<'<,.
ENGLISH MORTGAGE? W,, , 3'&' 4%)+ 3+,(- ' ,<& , 3'&,? 3'%, '% & *,&% )&, &%) &%+-,+ , 3'&,) <'<, &4+'(/,( ' , 3'&,, 4/ +/4,* ' & <'6+' & , =(( ,?&%+-, ' , 3'&' /<'% <&3,% '- , 3'&,?3'%, &+ &,,) , &%+&*'% + *&((,) &% E%(+ 3'&,.
I% E%(+ 3'&, ,, + &4+'(/, &%+-, '- <'<, ' 3'&, = & *'%)'% & =,% , ),4 + <&) ' '% & *,&% )&, , 3'&,, +&(( ,?&%+-, , <'<, ' 3'&'. I% E%(+ 3'&, , 3'&' 4%)+ 3+,(- <,+'%&(( ' <& , ),4. I% + -'3 '- 3'&, , <,+'%&( ),4 ,>++ &%) ),+<, *'%6,&%*, , ),4' + <,+'%&(( (&4(, -' , ),4.
I + &(+' %,*,++& & +<,*;* )&, 4, 3&%&%,) /<' =* , 3'&' 3/+ ,<& , ),4. T, E%(+ 3'&, 3/+ *'%&% &% <&*/(& )&, +& 5 M& 2010 /<' =* , =(( ,<& , 3'&, 3'%,. I- , 3'&' ,<&+ , 3'%, , 3'&,, + 4'/%) ' ,
&%+-, , <'<, ' 3'&'. I- 3'&' -&(+ ' ,<& , 3'&, 3'%, '% , +3/(&,) )&, , 3'&,, &+ '- +&(, /%), +,*'% "#'- + A*. I- , ,6,% '- %'%?<&3,% '- 3'&,?3'%, ),4 /%), &% E%(+ 3'&, & ),*,, '- -',*('+/, + %' <&++,). I% + -'3 '- 3'&, , 3'&,, &+ ' &<<( -' <&++% ),*,, -' +&(, '- , 3'&, <'<,.
E++,%&( ,(,3,%+ '- E%(+ 3'&, &, &+ /%),:?
.
T, 3'&' 4%)+ 3+,(- ' ,<& , 3'&, 3'%, '% & *,&% )&,.
.
T, 3'&, 3'&,,.
.
T, &4+'(/, &%+-, + +/4,* ' & <'6+' & 3'&,, =(( , &%+-, , <'<, ' 3'&' '% <&3,% '- 3'&, 3'%, '% , +&) )&,.
<'<,
+
&%+-,,)
&4+'(/,(
'
A% ,++,%&( -,&/, '- E%(+ 3'&, + & 3'&' 4%)+ 3+,(- ' ,<& , ('&% 4 &%+-,% , <'<, &4+'(/,(. T, /+, '- =') &4+'(/,( *,&,+ )'/4 4,*&/+, 3'&, &+ +/* + & &%+-, '- '%( +'3, %,,+ % , <'<,. I% ,6, @%) '- 3'&, '%( +'3, %,,+ + *'%6,,) %' , &4+'(/, %,,+. T+ %*'%++,%* '**/+ 4,*&/+, + -'3 '- 3'&, &+ 4,,% 4''=,) -'3 E%(+ (&= =,, 3'&' &+ &% ,/&4(, %,,+ % , <'<, 4' 4,-', &+ =,(( &+ &-, , )&, '- <&3,%.
MORTGAGE BY DEPOSIT OF TITLE?DEEDS? W,, & <,+'% % &% '- , -'(('=% '=%+ %&3,( , '=%+ '- C&(*/& M&)&+ &%) B'34& &%) % &% ', '=% =* , S&, G'6,%3,% *'%*,%,) 3& 4 %';*&'% % , O*&( G&,, +<,*- % + 4,&(- ),(6,+ ' & *,)' ' + &,% )'*/3,%+ '- (, ' 33'6&4(, <'<, = %,% ' *,&, & +,*/ ,,'% , &%+&*'% + *&((,) & 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (,? ),,)+.
M'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ + & <,*/(& @%) '- 3'&,. I + <,*/(& % , +,%+, & % + 3'&, ,>,*/'% '- 3'&, ),,) 4 3'&' + %' %,*,++&. M,, ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ '- &% 33'6&4(, <'<, 4 3'&' ' 3'&,, + +/*,%. T(, ),,)+ &, '+, )'*/3,%+ =* '<,&, &+ &, (,&( <''- & & <,+'% '=%+ & <&*/(& <'<,. T, '4,* '- + @%) '- 3'&, + ' <'6), ,&+ 3'), '- &@% ('&%+ % /,% %,,) +<,*&(( 4 &)% *'33/% '- , *'33,*&( '=%+. M'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,) + /%/, 4,*&/+, )',+ %' ,/, ,+&'% &%) ', -'3&(,+.
T,, &, ,, ,++,%&( %,),%+ -' , *,&'% '- 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ &+ <, +,*'% 5$- '- , T&%+-, '- P'<, A* frstly, ,, 3/+ 4, & *,)' Secondly, ,, 3/+ 4, ),(6, 4 , 3'&' ' , *,)' ' + &,% '- , )'*/3,%+ '- (, '- , 33'6&4(, <'<, &%) thirdly, +'/() 4, )'%, = , %,% ' *,&, +,*/ ,,'%. T,, 3& 4, & *'%+/*6, ),<'+ %+,&) '- &% &*/&( '%,. I% United Bank o India Ltd. v. M/S Lekharam Sonaram and co. and others, S/<,3, C'/ ,() & , ,++,%*, '- & 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ + , &*/&( &%)% '6, 4 & 4''=, ' , (,%), '- )'*/3,%+ '- (, ' 33'6&4(, <'<, = , %,%'% & '+, )'*/3,%+ +&(( *'%+/, & +,*/ =* =(( ,%&4(, , *,)'+ /(3&,( ,*'6, , 3'%, =* , &+ (,%.
M,, <'++,++'% '- & (, ),,) 4 & <,+'% *(&3% ' , 3'&, /%), 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ + &(+' <',*,) /%), Law o Evidence. S,*'% 90 '- , Indian Evidence Act <'6),+ &+ , <,+/3<'% &+ ' 0 ,&+ '() )'*/3,% '%&% -'3 <'<, */+') &%) ,&)+ &+ /%),?
!here any doc"ment, #"r#ortin$ to %e &' years old, is #rod"ced rom any c"stody which the co"rt in the #artic"lar case considers #ro#er, the co"rt may #res"me that the si$nat"re and every other #art o s"ch doc"ment, which #"r#orts to %e in the handwritin$ and, in the case o a doc"ment e(ec"ted or attested, that it was d"ly e(ec"ted and attested.
E)*LA+AI-+ oc"ments are said to %e in #ro#er c"stody i they are in the #lace in which, and "nder the care o the #erson with whom, they wo"ld nat"rally %e0 %"t no c"stody is im#ro#er i it is #roved to have had a le$itimate ori$in, or i the circ"mstances o the #artic"lar case are s"ch as to render s"ch an ori$in #ro%a%le.1
T, 3&%)&, '- , <'6+'% ,,*+ & &% <,+'% % <'++,++'% '- <'<, &%) , (, ),,) &+ 3'&,, +&(( <,+/3,) ' 4, & 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,).
U%), E%(+ (&= & 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ + @%'=% &+ ,/&4(, 3'&,. I + *&((,) ,/&4(, 3'&, 4,*&/+, % , &4+,%*, '- &% (,&(( ,>,*/,) )'*/3,% 3,,( '% , 4&++ '- <'++,++'% '- (, ),,)+ 4 3'&,, ,/ ='/() &++/, ,/% '- + 3'%,. I% , =')+ '- Lord 2airns, =(( ,+&4(+ /(, '- ,/ & & ),<'+ & )'*/3,% '- (, ='/ 3', ='/ =% ='/ =') '- 3'/ =(( *,&, ,/ & *&, /<'% , <'<, ,-,,) '.7
E++,%&( ,(,3,%+ '- 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ A**')% ' +,*'% 5$- =,, & <,+'% % &% '- , +<,*;,) '=%+ ),(6,+ ' & *,)' ' + &,% )'*/3,%+
'- (, ' 33'6&4(, <'<, = %,% ' *,&, ,,'% , &%+&*'% + *&((,) & 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ /%), + ),;%'% , ,++,%&( ,(,3,%+ '- & 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ &,:?
.
E>+,%*, '- & ),4
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D,<'+ '- (, ),,)+
.
I%,%'% ' *,&, +,*/ &%)
6.
T,'&( ,+*'%+ &<<(*&'% ' + -'3 '- 3'&, '%( % +<,*;,) '=%+.
T, (, ),,)+ 3/+ 4, ),(6,,) '%( -' +,*/% & ),4. D,4 3& =, 4, &% ,>+% ),4 ' & -//, ),4. T(, ),,)+ 3& 4, ),<'+,) = 4&%@+ ' +,*/, &%) '6,)&- &**'/%. T+ + & *'33'% <&**, &3'% , &)% *'33/% ' <,+'%+ %6'(6,) % 4/+%,++. T, (, ),,)+ '- &% 33'6&4(, <'<, '% =* +,*/ + %,%),) ' 4, *,&,) 3/+ 4, ),<'+,) = , *,)' ' + &,%. T, )'*/3,% ),<'+,) )' %' +'= &% (, & &(( &%) ,, &, )'*/3,%+ % ,>+,%*, +'=% + (, ' , <'<, 4/ , &, %' ),<'+,) ,% &% ,/&4(, 3'&, + %' *,&,).
M,, ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ + %' +/*,%. T, (, ),,)+ 3/+ 4, ),<'+,) 4 , ),4' = , %,%'% '- *,&% +,*/ -' & ),4. M'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ + &<<(*&4(, '%( % *,&% +<,*;,) '=%+ '- + *'/%. L@, ', @%)+ '- 3'&, &%) ,/&4(, 3'&, + %' &<<(*&4(, '/ '/ , *'/%. T, 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (, ),,)+ 3& 4, 3&), '%( % C&(*/& B'34& &%)
M&)&+ &%) +/* ', '=%+ =* +&, '6,%3,% 3& 4 %';*&'% +<,*- % '*&( &,,.
ANOMALOUS MORTGAGE A 3'&, =* + %' & +3<(, 3'&, & 3'&, 4 *'%)'%&( +&(, & /+/-/*/& 3'&, &% E%(+ 3'&, ' & 3'&, 4 ),<'+ '- (,?),,)+ =% , 3,&%% '- + +,*'% + *&((,) &% &%'3&('/+ 3'&,.7
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
F'3 , &4'6, +/) '- , ),,% @%)+ '- 3'&,+ ),;%,) &4'6, ',, = , <'6+'%+ *'%&%,) % S,*'% "# '- , T&%+-, '- P'<, A* 1$$2 =(( 4, +,,% & , ),,% @%)+ '- 3'&,+ *'%-, ),,% + '% , 3'&,,+ -' , ,&(&'% '- , &3'/% &)6&%*,) 4 3.
T, 3'&,,+ &6, ' + /%), +,*'%+ "# ' # '- , ranser o *ro#erty Act, 3445 S,*'% "# 6,+ , '- -',*('+/, ' , 3'&,, +&% & & +/ ' ),4& , 3'&' ' *(&3 ,),3<'% + *&((,) & +/ -' -',*('+/,. T, +,*'% +&+ & &-, , 3'&, 3'%, &+ 4,*'3, )/, ' 4,-', ),*,, -' ,),3<'% 4,,% <&) ' ),<'+,) &+ <'6),) % (&= , 3'&,, *&% &+@ , C'/ ' <&++ & ),*,, & , 3'&' +&(( 4, ),4&,) -'3 *(&3% ,),3<'% ' & ,
<'<, 4, +'(). T+ -',*('+/, *&% 4, *(&3,) % , *&+,+ '- & *'%)'%&( +&(, 4 &%'3&('/+ 3'&, ,+,6% & ' -',*('+/, ' * /+/-/*/& 3'&,.
S,*'% "# <'6),+ , &&%+ <'<, &%) +,*'% "$ <'6),+ , &&%+ 3'&' ' , 3'&,,. U%), +,*'% "$ 3'&,, &+ & ' ' +/, 3'&' <,+'%&(( -' ,<&3,% '- , 3'&,?3'%,. R ' +/, -' 3'&,? 3'%, + &6&(&4(, ' 3'&,, % &))'% ' , '- -',*('+/, ' +&(, 4/ '%( % *,&% +<,*;,) **/3+&%*,+. T, **/3+&%*,+ % =* & 3'&,, 3& +/, &+ 4,,% +<,*;*&(( 3,%'%,) % +,*'% "$. T+ ,3,) + &6&(&4(, % , -'(('=% *&+,+
& =,, & 3'&' 4%)+ 3+,(- ' ,<& , 3'&,?3'%,
4 =,, , 3'&,) <'<, + ='(( ' <&&(( ),+',) +' &+ ' ,%), , +,*/ %+/*,% ='/ &% -&/( '- ,, <& &%) 3'&' -&(,) ' <'6), -/, +,*/
* =,, 3'&,, + ),<6,) '- ' ('+ , ='(, ' <& '- + +,*/ )/, ' ='%-/( &* ' ),-&/( '- , 3'&' ) =,, , 3'&,, + ,%(,) ' &6, <'++,++'% '- <'<, 4/ 3'&' -&(+ ' ),(6, <'++,++'% ,,'- ='/ )+/4&%*, 4 3+,(- ' 4 &% ', <,+'%.
