K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
4
DA^NSMF Gf. 55< (5> mn mkakn`crn mn 354?) Ufr id audi ’Qn dmfptdg ifs dhustns di Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi mn id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg Mn Id Cdstkmds‐. Ni Snatfr mn id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds ng usf mn sus jdauitdmns inodins y,
AFGQKMNSDGMF8 Tun ni Drtàauif :< mn id Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad mn Afif`ckd mn 4;;4 nstdcinan qun ’id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd pdrtkakpd ng id mkrnaakñg mn ids kgstktuakfgns mn nmuadakñg‐. Tun ni gu`nrdi 45.4 mni Drtàauif 45 mn id Iny ?4> mn 3554 nstdcinan qun ng audgtf d ids jugakfgns mn rnatfrns mn ids kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds pøcikads nstä id mn ’Mkrkokr id prnpdrdakñg mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi afg id pdrtkakpdakñg mn ifs mkstkgtfs datfrns mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd‐. Tun ni Drtàauif : mn id Iny 44> mn 4;;= nxprnsd qun ’id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd nstä afgjfr`dmd pfr nstumkdgtns f nmuadgmfs, pdmrns mn jd`kikd f daumkngtns, nornsdmfs, mkrnatkvfs mfangtns y nmuadmfrns, dm`kgkstrdmfrns nsafidrns. ]fmfs niifs, snoøg su af`pntngakd pdrtkakpdräg ng ni mksnôf, nhnauakñg y nvdiudakñg mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi y ng id cungd `drald mni rnspnatkvf nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf‐. Tun ni Ikcrf 4, Udrtn 4, ]àtuif 1, Adpàtuif 3, Qnaakñg =, Drtàauif 3.1.1.4.=.4. mni Mnarntf 45?> mn 3: mn `dyf mn 354> mntnr`kgd ni ’Afgtngkmf mni prfynatf nmuadtkvf kgstktuakfgdi. ]fmf nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf mncn nidcfrdr y pfgnr ng präatkad afg id pdrtkakpdakñg mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd, ug prfynatf nmuadtkvf kgstktuakfgdi qun nxprnsn id jfr`d af`f sn ld mnakmkmf diadgzdr ifs jkgns mn id nmuadakñg mnjkgkmfs pfr id iny, tngkngmf ng aungtd ids afgmkakfgns sfakdins, nafgñ`kads y auiturdins su `nmkf.‐ Tun ni Snatfr prfpkakñ ni dhustn y rnvkskñg mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi d jkg mn mdrin su dprfcdakñg. Tun admd nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf ofzd mn dutfgf`àd pdrd jfr`uidr, dmfptdr y pfgnr ng präatkad su prfpkf Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
3
DA^NSMD Drtàauif Urk`nrf8 Dmfptdr ng id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd M kstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds ifs dhustns n kgaiuskñg di Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi, ni audi jun dgdikzdmf y dhustdmf pfr ni nqukpf mn trdcdhf kgstktuakfgdi jfr`dmf pdrd tdi jkg. Tun ni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi qun sn dmfptd kgaiuyn Drtàauif ni `fmnifQnougmf8 nmuadtkvf jinxkcin y sn dmhugtd ng mfau`ngtf dgnxf.
Drtàauif ]nranrf8 Id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd, afgjfr`dmd pfr nstumkdgtns f nmuadgmfs, nmuadmfrns, pdmrns mn jd`kikd f daumkngtns, nornsdmfs, mkrnatkvfs mfangtns y `kn`crfs mni snatfr prfmuatkvf, snoøg su af`pntngakd, pdrtkakpdräg mn id nhnauakñg, nvdiudakñg y dhustns mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi. Udräordjf8 Audiquknr `fmkjkadakñg f dhustn mni `ks`f sn ldrä ng ifs tër`kgfs nstdcinakmfs ng ni Ikcrf 4, Udrtn 4, ]àtuif 1, Adpàtuif 3, Qnaakñg =, Drtàauif 3.1.1.4.=.3. mni Mnarntf 45?> mn 3: mn `dyf mn 354>.
Drtàauif Audrtf8 Ni prnsngtn Daunrmf rkon d pdrtkr mn id jnald mn su nxpnmkakñg y mnrfod ids gfr`ds qun in sndg afgtrdrkds. Mdmf ng Qdgtd @drtd, d ifs 5> màds mni `ns mn mkakn`crn mn 354?.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
1
U^CIÀT^NQN [ A^@UIDQN
Frkokgdi jkr`dmf
Frkokgdi jkr`dmf
ODCSKNI A^N]F ADQ]KIIF Snatfr
JDCKF GDZDSSF SFHDQ Snprnsngtdgtn mfangtns
Frkokgdi jkr`dmf
Frkokgdi jkr`dmf
SFCNS]F @DGHDSSËQ LMNX.
H^DG NQ]NCDG AD@UFQ
Snprnsngtdgtn nornsdmfs
Snprnsngtdgtn nstumkdgtns
Frkokgdi jkr`dmf
Frkokgdi jkr`dmf
]F@ÄQ ]FGANI
GNII[Q ZNSODSD JFGQNAD
Snprnsngtdgtn pdmrns mn jd`kikd
Snprnsngtdgtn pdmrns mn jd`kikd
Frkokgdi jkr`dmf
ADSIFQ KO^DSÄG ZNOD Unrsfgnrf Nstumkdgtki
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=
]DCID MN AFG]NGKMF
4
USNQNG]DAKÑG ............................................................................................................................................44
3
KMNG]KJKADAKÑG MNI UIDG]NI .................................................................................................................... 4=
1
=
>
3.4
J^GMDAKÑG N LKQ]FSKD MN ID KGQ]K]^AKÑG ..................................................................................... 4>
3.3
@KQKÑG ................................................................................................................................................ 4>
3.1
ZKQKÑG.................................................................................................................................................. 4:
3.=
QÀ@CFIFQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ .............................................................................................................. 4:
3.=.4
Nsaumf ......................................................................................................................................... 4:
3.=.3
Cdgmnrd ....................................................................................................................................... 4:
3.=.1
Lk`gf Kgstktuakfgdi ..................................................................................................................... 4:
3.=.=
In`d Kgstktuakfgdi ....................................................................................................................... 4?
UFIÀ]KADQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ ...................................................................................................................... 4< 1.4
Zkgauidakñg afg ni @ugmf Sndi ........................................................................................................... 4<
1.3
Afgfak`kngtf Unrtkgngtn .................................................................................................................... 4<
1.1 1.=
N`prngmk`kngtf y Urfmuatkvkmdm .......................................................................................................4< Snspntf d id Mkvnrskmdm ....................................................................................................................... 4;
1.>
Snspntf d id Afgmkakñg Lu`dgd.......................................................................................................... 4;
@DSAF INODI ONGNSDI ............................................................................................................................. 35 =.4
Ftrds Gfr`ds Udrd Mkrnaakfgdr Urfansfs ........................................................................................... 34
=.3
Jfgmf Mn Qnrvkakfs Nmuadtkvfs. ........................................................................................................... 34
=.1
Qfcrn Ifs Qnrvkmfrns Uøcikafs ............................................................................................................. 33
=.=
Qfcrn Ni Urfynatf Unmdoñokaf Kgstktuakfgdi ........................................................................................33
ÄSND MN ONQ]KÑG MKSNA]KZD ..................................................................................................................... 3= >.4
ADSDA]NSÀQ]KADQ MN ID ONQ]KÑG ...................................................................................................... 3=
>.3
FCHN]KZFQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ ............................................................................................................. 3>
>.3.4
Ongnrdi ........................................................................................................................................ 3>
>.3.3
Nspnaàjkafs ................................................................................................................................... 3>
>.1
NQ]SD]NOKDQ MN QNO^K@KNG]F [ NZDI^DAKÑG MN USFANQFQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ ........................... 3:
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
>
>.1.4 >.=
>.=.4
>.>
Ni Snatfr. ................................................................................................................................. 3;
>.=.4.3
Ni Afgsnhf Mkrnatkvf ................................................................................................................. 15
>.=.4.1
Ni Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf. ............................................................................................................ 14
>.=.4.= Ni Unrsfgnrf Nstumkdgtki. .........................................................................................................13 AFG]N\]F KGQ]K]^AKFGDI ................................................................................................................. 1:
Afgtnxtf Mn`foräjkaf ............................................................................................................ 1:
>.>.4.3
Mkgä`kad Nafgñ`kad ............................................................................................................... 1?
>.>.4.1
Mnsn`pnôf Jksadi .................................................................................................................... 1<
>.>.4.=
Af`pntktkvkmdm ........................................................................................................................ 1;
>.>.4.>
Id Akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd jrngtn d ifs FM@ ........................................................................... 1;
>.>.4.:
Ufcrnzd y pfcrnzd nxtrn`d ng Qdgtd @drtd........................................................................... =5
>.>.4.?
Mnsn`pinf............................................................................................................................... =4
>.>.4.<
Kgjfr`dikmdm ............................................................................................................................ =3
>.>.4.;
Nmuadakñg ................................................................................................................................ =1
>.>.3.4
Dgäiksks Mni @karf Afgtnxtf ........................................................................................................=> Adrdatnràstkads Qfakdins, Nmuadtkvds [ Nafgñ`kads Mn Id Af`ugkmdm .................................... =>
FSODGKXDAKÑG DM@KGKQ]SD]KZD MNI AFINOKF ............................................................................... =?
>.:.4
QNMNQ MN ID KGQ]K]^AKÑG........................................................................................................... =?
>.:.4.4
Qnmn 4 Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds ..................................................................................... =<
>.:.4.3
Qnmn 3 ]dyrfgd ........................................................................................................................ =<
>.:.4.1
Qnmn 1 Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr. .............................................................................................................. =<
>.:.4.=
Qnmn = Zkiid Mni Sàf. ................................................................................................................. =;
UFIÀ]KAD MN ADIKMDM..........................................................................................................................>5
>.?.4 :
Dgäiksks Mni @darf Afgtnxtf .......................................................................................................1:
>.>.4.4
>.>.3
>.?
Ñrodgfs Mni Ofcknrgf Nsafidr..................................................................................................... 3;
>.=.4.4
>.>.4
>.:
Fchntkvf ....................................................................................................................................... 3:
OFCKNSGF NQAFIDS............................................................................................................................ 3?
Fchntkvfs mn id adikmdm ................................................................................................................ >5
ÄSND MN ONQ]KÑG DADMË@KAD................................................................................................................... >4 :.4
JKGNQ MN ID NM^ADAKÑG AFIF@CKDGD ............................................................................................. >4
:.3
FCHN]KZFQ MN ID NM^ADAKÑG NG AFIF@CKD .................................................................................... >3
:.3.4
Fchntkvfs Nspnaàjkafs ................................................................................................................... >1
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:
:.1
:.3.4.4
Nmuadakñg Urnnsafidr............................................................................................................... >1
:.3.4.3
Nmuadakñg Cäskad Urk`drkd .......................................................................................................>1
:.3.4.1
Nmuadakñg Cäskad Qnaugmdrkd................................................................................................... >>
:.3.4.=
Nmuadakñg @nmkd ..................................................................................................................... >:
QKQ]N@D UNMDOÑOKAF KGQ]K]^AKFGDI ............................................................................................. >?
:.1.4
Urkgakpkfs Mni Qkstn`d Unmdoñokaf Odivdgkstd ............................................................................ ><
:.1.3 Ngjfqun Unmdoñokaf .................................................................................................................... >; :.1.3.4 Ni Ungsd`kngtf Af`pinhf Mn @fràg .......................................................................................:3
:.=
:.1.3.3
Unmdofoàd ]rdgsvnrsdi Mn Nmodr @fràg................................................................................... :=
:.1.3.1
Ifs Qkntn Qdcnrns ..................................................................................................................... :=
@FMNIFQ NM^AD]KZFQ NG ID KNM ...................................................................................................... :;
:.=.4
AKMNU. Aàrauifs Kgtnordins Mn Nmuadakñg Urnnsafidr ................................................................... ?5
:.=.3
@fmnifs mn Nmuadakñg Jinxkcin ................................................................................................... ?5
:.=.3.4 :.=.3.3
Nstruaturd Ongnrdi mn ifs @fmnifs Jinxkcins .......................................................................... ?3
:.=.3.1
@fmnif mn Nmuadakñg Qnaugmdrkd Cäskad (:µ d ;µ) AD@KGDS NG QNA^GMDSKD ...................... ?1
:.=.3.= :.=.1 :.>
Mnjkgkakñg................................................................................................................................. ?4
@fmnif mn Nmuadakñg @nmkd Dadmë`kad (45µ [ 44µ) @N@D .................................................. ?> Nmuadakñg @nmkd ]ëagkad ............................................................................................................ ??
A^SSÀA^IF ..........................................................................................................................................?<
:.>.4
Fchntkvfs Mni Aurràauif................................................................................................................ <5
:.>.3
Afganptfs Jugmd`ngtdins .......................................................................................................... <5
:.>.3.4
Qnr Lu`dgf ............................................................................................................................. <5
:.>.3.3
Id Ngsnôdgzd ...........................................................................................................................<5
:.>.3.1
Nstumkdgtn................................................................................................................................ <5
:.>.3.=
@dnstrf. .................................................................................................................................. <4
:.>.3.>
Dprngmkzdhn.............................................................................................................................. <4
:.>.1
Nstruaturd Aurrkauidr ................................................................................................................... <4
:.>.=
Kgtnordakñg y Nvdiudakñg Aurrkauidr ............................................................................................. <3
:.>.=.4 :.>.=.3
Urfpñsktfs ................................................................................................................................ <3 Daakfgns rndikzdmds ng id kgstktuakñg .......................................................................................<3
:.>.>
Ids Uräatkads Mn Duid. .................................................................................................................. <1
:.>.:
Id @ntfmfifoàd. ...........................................................................................................................<1
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?
:.>.:.4 :.>.? :.:
Nstrdtnokds [ ]ëagkads Mn Ngsnôdgzd. ..................................................................................... <1 ]rdgsvnrsdikzdakñg ....................................................................................................................... <=
HFSGDMD ØGKAD.................................................................................................................................. <=
:.:.4
Fchntkvfs...................................................................................................................................... <>
:.:.3
Jugakñg Qfakdi .............................................................................................................................. <>
:.:.1
K`pin`ngtdakñg mn id Hfrgdmd Øgkad ng id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds. ......................... <:
:.? UIDG MN NQ]^MKFQ .............................................................................................................................. :.?.4 Mk`ngskfgns mni Uidg mn Nstumkfs ............................................................................................... <; :.?.4.4
Ärnds mn Jfr`dakñg pdrd ni @ugmf Sndi ................................................................................ <;
:.?.4.3
Mnsdrrfiif mn Af`pntngakds ................................................................................................... ;5
:.?.4.1 :.?.3
Dprngmkzdhns Kgtnordmfrns ...................................................................................................... ;4 Uidg mn Nstumkfs pfr Gkvni ........................................................................................................... ;3
:.?.3.4
Nmuadakñg Urnnsafidr............................................................................................................... ;3
:.?.3.3
Nmuadakñg Urk`drkd .................................................................................................................. ;3
:.?.3.1 :.?.1
:.<
Nmuadakñg Qnaugmdrkd y @nmkd................................................................................................ ;= Ifs Uidgns Mn Ärnd y mn Duid....................................................................................................... ;>
:.?.1.4
Ärnd mn Akngakds Gdturdins...................................................................................................... ;:
:.?.1.3
Ärnd mn Akngakds Qfakdins ........................................................................................................;<
:.?.1.1
Ärnd Mn Lu`dgkmdmns Ingoud Adstniidgd ............................................................................. 455
:.?.1.=
Ärnd mn Lu`dgkmdmns Kgoiës ................................................................................................. 454
:.?.1.>
Ärnd mn @dtn`ätkads ............................................................................................................ 453
:.?.1.:
Ärnd mn Nmuadakñg Drtàstkad................................................................................................... 451
:.?.1.?
Ärnd mn Nmuadakñg Jàskad, Snarndakñg y Mnpfrtns................................................................. 45=
:.?.1.<
Ärnd mn Nmuadakñg ng ]nagfifoàd n Kgjfr`ätkad ................................................................... 45>
:.?.1.;
Ëgjdsks ]ëagkaf Af`nrakdi ..................................................................................................... 45?
:.?.1.45
Ëgjdsks ]ëagkaf Qkstn`ds ................................................................................................... 45<
:.?.1.44
Ëgjdsks ]ëagkaf Ninatrftnagkd ............................................................................................ 45;
USF[NA]FQ UNMDOÑOKAFQ ]SDGQZNSQDINQ [ USFOSD@DQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ (Snvksdr Dgnxfs) 45;
:.<.4 :.<.4.4
Urfynatf ]rdgsvnrsdi mn Ëtkad y Zdifrns .................................................................................... 445 Fchntkvfs................................................................................................................................ 444
:.<.3
Nmuadakñg ]rdsangmngtn (Snikokfsd y @frdi) ............................................................................ 444
:.<.1
U.K.I.N.F Uidg kgstktuakfgdi mn inaturd, nsarkturd y frdikmdm....................................................... 443
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<
:.<.1.4 :.<.= :.<.=.4 :.<.> :.<.>.4 :.<.:
Fchntkvfs................................................................................................................................ 441 Urfynatf @D]N. Af`pntngakds y Sdzfgd`kngtf Iñokaf-@dtn`ätkaf.................................... 44= Fchntkvf ................................................................................................................................. 44= Urfynatf Mn Mn`fardakd [ Ikmnrdzof ........................................................................................ 44= Fchntkvf ................................................................................................................................. 44= Urfynatf USDN ........................................................................................................................... 44>
:.<.:.4 Fchntkvfs................................................................................................................................ 44> :.<.? Nmuadakñg Qnxudi ....................................................................................................................... 44> :.<.?.4 :.;
QKQ]N@D KGQ]K]^AKFGDI MN NZDI^DAKÑG MN NQ]^MKDG]NQ QKNN (Znr Dgnxfs) ............................. 44:
:.;.4 ?
Fchntkvf ................................................................................................................................. 44>
Dspnatfs Ongnrdins ................................................................................................................... 44:
ÄSND MN ONQ]KÑG DM@KGKQ]SD]KZD [ JKGDGAKNSD ................................................................................ 44; ?.4
USFANQFQ MN NZDI^DAKÑG KGQ]K]^AKFGDI .................................................................................... 44;
?.4.4
Urfpñsktf ................................................................................................................................... 434
?.4.3
Mnjkgkakñg Mn Dutfnvdiudakñg. .................................................................................................. 434
?.3
NQ]S^A]^SD MN ID D^]FNZDI^DAKÑG ........................................................................................... 434
?.3.4
Af`pfgngtn nvdiudakñg mn ifs dspnatfs aurrkauidrns. ............................................................. 433
?.3.4.4
Fchntkvfs Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Mn Ifs Dspnatfs Aurrkauidrns. ................................................... 433
?.3.4.3
Nstd`ngtfs Snspfgsdcins [ Mn Dpfyf Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Aurrkauidr..................................... 433
?.3.4.1
@ntfmfifoàd Udrd Sndikzdr Id Nvdiudakñg Aurrkauidr ............................................................. 431
?.3.4.=
@ntds Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Aurrkauidr ........................................................................................ 431
?.3.4.> ?.3.3 ?.3.3.4
Cngnjkakdrkfs Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Aurrkauidr ............................................................................. 431 Af`pfgngtn nvdiudakñg mn ifs prfansfs dadmë`kafs y dm`kgkstrdtkvfs. ................................ 43= Fchntkvfs Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Mn Ifs Urfansfs Dadmë`kafs [ Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs. ...................... 43=
?.3.3.3 Nstd`ngtfs Snspfgsdcins [ Mn Dpfyf Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Mn Ifs Urfansfs Dadmë`kafs [ Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs8 .................................................................................................................................... 43= ?.3.3.1
@ntfmfifoàd Udrd Sndikzdr Id Nvdiudakñg Mn Ifs Urfansfs Dadmë`kafs [ Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs . 43>
?.3.3.=
@ntds Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Mn Ifs Urfansfs Dadmë`kafs [ Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs ............................ 43>
?.3.3.>
Cngnjkakdrkd Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Mn Ifs Urfansfs Dadmë`kafs [ Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs ................... 43>
?.3.1 ?.3.=
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg Mfangtn. ............................................................................................ 43> Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg mni K`pdatf Qfakdi mn ifs Nornsdmfs ................................................. 43?
?.3.>
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg Mni Uidg Mn @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi ........................................... 43;
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
;
?.1 MNJKGKAKÑG MN ASK]NSKFQ UDSD ID ^]KIKXDAKÑG MN IFQ SNQ^I]DMFQ FC]NGKMFQ NG ADMD ^GD MN IDQ NZDI^DAKFGNQ .................................................................................................................................. 415 <
ÄSND MN ONQ]KÑG MN ID AFGZKZNGAKD.................................................................................................... 414 <.4
USNQNG]DAKÑG .................................................................................................................................. 414
<.3
FCHN]KZFQ ......................................................................................................................................... 413
<.3.4
Fchntkvf ongnrdi ........................................................................................................................ 413
<.3.3
Fchntkvfs Nspnaàjkafs ................................................................................................................. 413
<.1
USFANQFQ MN USF@FAKÑG MN QDGD AFGZKZNGAKD ....................................................................... 413
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
45
4
USNQNG]DAKÑG
Id jkgdikmdm mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi sn mnjkgn di dsu`kr qun id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd mncn rnspfgmnr d ids nxpnatdtkvds nstumkdgtkins y mn ifs pdmrns mn jd`kikd qun sn vkgauidg d id Af`ugkmdm prfanmngtns mn ifs mkjnrngtns cdrrkfs dinmdôfs di pidgtni.
Udrd id afgjfr`dakñg mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi, sn pdrtn mni `dgmdtf mn id Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg, Iny 44> mn 4;;=, y rdtkjkadmf pfr ni Mnarntf 45?> mni `ns mn `drzf mni 354:, ng ni drtàauif 3.1.1.4.=.4., qun mkan8 Afg ni jkg mn ifordr id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi mni nmuadgmf, admd nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf mncnrä nidcfrdr y pfgnr ng präatkad ug Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi qun afgtngod ngtrn ftrfs, ifs skoukngtns dspnatfs8
Ifs prkgakpkfs y jkgns mni nstdcinak`kngtf. Ifs rnaursfs mfangtns y mkmäatkafs mkspfgkcins gnansdrkfs. Id nstrdtnokd pnmdoñokad. Ni rnoid`ngtf kgtnrgf pdrd mfangtns y nstumkdgtns. Ni skstn`d mn onstkñg.
]fmf niif ngad`kgdmf d au`pikr afg ids mkspfskakfgns mn id prnsngtn iny y sus rnoid`ngtfs.
Ni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi mncn rnspfgmnr ngtfgans d ids sktudakfgns y gnanskmdmns mn ifs nmuadgmfs, mn id af`ugkmdm ifadi, mn id rnokñg y mni pdàs, snr afgarntf, jdatkcin y nvdiudcin.
Ng rdzñg mn if dgtnrkfr, ni USF[NA]F NM^AD]KZF KGQ]K]^AKFGDI (UNK) y sus ikgnd`kngtfs ongnrdins pdrd id pidgkjkadakñg, mnsdrrfiif, afgtrfi y nvdiudakñg mni prfansf pnmdoñokaf nstäg mdmfs afg cdsn ng id Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad mn 4;;4, id Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg, ni Mnarntf 45?> mn 354> y ids frkngtdakfgns y mn`äs rnoid`ngtdakfgns mdmds pfr ni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi.
Nstds frkngtdakfgns y rnoid`ngtdakfgns junrfg tf`dmds af`f `draf mn rnjnrngakd afg ni jkg mn prnaksdr ifs nin`ngtfs mni UNK, afg id pdrtkakpdakñg mn`farätkad mn id Af`ugkmdm Nmuadtkvd, y mn daunrmf afg ifs
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
44
prfcin`ds, kgtnrnsns y gnanskmdmns mn id kgstktuakñg y mn su ngtfrgf sfakdi. Ni prnsngtn UNK rnspfgmn ngtfgans d8
•
^g pidg mn dpnrturd nmuadtkvd.
•
^g prfynatf mn `nhfrd`kngtf mn id Nmuadakñg qun ld prfpunstf ni Ofcknrgf d gkvni gdakfgdi.
•
Ufiàtkads mn mnsangtrdikzdakñg qun vkvn ni pdàs ng tfmfs ifs dspnatfs.
•
Id datudi Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad mn Afif`ckd.
•
Id nmuadakñg af`f prfansf mn jfr`dakñg kgtnordi mni diu`gf y id afgstruaakñg pnr`dgngtn mn id auiturd ifadi, rnokfgdi y gdakfgdi.
Mn koudi `dgnrd, nstn prfynatf prntngmn ninvdr id adikmdm mn id nmuadakñg, sn ngtkngmn pfr adikmdm mn id `ks`d, ni ordmf mn anradgàd qun nxkstn ngtrn ni kmndi mn snr lu`dgf ckng jfr`dmf pdrd id sfaknmdm, su `dgkjnstdakñg y `dtnrkdikzdakñg mn id präatkad nmuadtkvd.
Ng if rnjnrngtn di kmndi lu`dgf sn ld afgmngsdmf ng if qun sn mngf`kgd jkgns mni Qkstn`d Nmuadtkvf Afif`ckdgf.
Ng afgsnaungakd, ni fchntkvf mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi tkngmn d kgvfiuardr id Af`ugkmdm Nmuadtkvd ng id pidgndakñg y ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs prfansfs kgstktuakfgdins `nmkdgtn id pdrtkakpdakñg datkvd y mn`farätkad af`f nstrdtnokd pdrd ni `nhfrd`kngtf mn id adikmdm mn id nmuadakñg.
Ng nstn afgtnxtf ns mfgmn sn rnkgkakd id afgstruaakñg mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi mn id kgstktuakñg, ni audi nstä mksnôdmf y mkgd`kzdmf afg tfmfs ifs nin`ngtfs qun drtkauidg ni prfansf nmuadtkvf qun sn punmng `dgkjnstdr ng8
•
Ni nhnrakakf mn id nmuadakñg y id dutfgf`àd.
•
Id rnaupnrdakñg y vdifrdakñg mn id prfpkd kmngtkmdm.
•
Ni danrad`kngtf d id kgtninatudikmdm.
•
Id jinxkckikmdm y dpnrturd mn ifs prfansfs.
•
Id nxprnskñg jàskad, rnarndtkvd y iømkad.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
43
Ni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi af`f id adrtd mn gdvnodakñg mn id kgstktuakñg, sn mnsdrrfiiñ kgkakdi`ngtn mnsmn ids ongnrdikmdmns mni `ks`f ng if qun ldan rnjnrngakd d su prnsngtdakñg, hustkjkadakñg, kmngtkjkadakñg kgstktuakfgdi y su `draf kmnfiñokaf. Mnspuës sn mnsdrrfiidg tfmfs ifs dspnatfs qun af`pfgng ni U. N. K ng ids audtrf onstkfgns ng qun sn ngaungtrd mkvkmkmf.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
41
3
KMNG]KJKADAKÑG MNI UIDG]NI
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, ns ugd Kgstktuakñg mn adräatnr fjkakdi, prnstd snrvkakf nmuadtkvf d ugd pfcidakñg dprfxk`dmd mn 3:55 nstumkdgtns ng audtrf (=) snmns, y mfs (3) hfrgdmds, ng tfmfs ifs gkvnins, mnsmn ni Gkvni ]rdgskakñg (Ordmf 5), Nmuadakñg Cäskad Urk`drkd, Cäskad Qnaugmdrkd y @nmkd ]ëagkad. Qn aungtd dmn`äs afg ni @fmnif Jinxkcin mn cäskad Qnaugmdrkd y @nmkd.
GF@CSN8
KGQ]K]^AKÑG NM^AD]KZD MKQ]SK]DI SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
MNUDS]D@NG]F8
@DOMDINGD
Akumdm8
QDG]D @DS]D
Gf MN QNMNQ DMQASK]DQ8
=
QNMN 54 USKGAKUDI8
DZ. MNI IKCNS]DMFS. Gf. 11-<5
QNMN 53 ]D[SFGD8
Adiin 3: # =<-31
QNMN 51 MKQ]SK]DI QK@ÑG CFIÀZDS8
Adrrnrd 33 # 3;M-=>
QNMN 5= NQA^NID ZKIID MNI SKF8
Adrrnrd 3= # 31-5:
ËGJDQKQ8
Af`nrakf, Kgjfr`ätkad y Ninatrftnagkd
HFSGDMDQ8
@dôdgd, ]drmn, Gfaturgd y Øgkad
GØAINF NM^AD]KZF8
^gkmdm Nmuadtkvd Ifadikmdm Gf 3
USFUKNMDM MN IFQ KG@^NCINQ8
QDG]D @DS]D, M.].A.L.
KMNG]KJKADAKÑG MDGN8
4=?5545511?1
GK]8
<555?5<;3-=
GKZNINQ8
]SDGQKAKÑG. Dprfcdakñg pfr rnsfiuakñg Gf <<1 mn Gfv. /53 USK@DSKD. Dprfcdakñg pfr rnsfiuakñg Gf <<1 mn Gfv. /53 CÄQKAD QNA^GMDSKD. Dprfcdakñg pfr rnsfiuakñg Gf <<1 mn Gfv. /53 @NMKD ZFADAKFGDI. Dprfcdakñg pfr rnsfiuakñg Gf <<1 mn Gfv. /53
ADINGMDSKF8
’D‐
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
4=
3.4
J^GMDAKÑG N LKQ]FSKD MN ID KGQ]K]^AKÑG
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, nstä uckadmd ng ni mnpdrtd`ngtf mni @domdingd y nspnaàjkad`ngtn ng su adpktdi, Qdgtd @drtd, id akumdm `äs dgtkoud mn Afif`ckd.
Ni afinokf nstä ifadikzdmf ng id dvngkmd Ni Ikcnrtdmfr afg id mkdofgdi 13 y su nxkstngakd sn mncn di lnalf mn qun ni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi pdrd afg`n`frdr ifs =>5 dôfs mn jugmdakñg mn id akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd, in ftfroñ af`f rnodif, ng 4;?>, ni AFINOKF GDAKFGDIKXDMF SFMSKOF MN CDQ]KMDQ, inodikzdmf d trdvës mn id Snsfiuakñg 1>; mn Gfvkn`crn 3< mn 4;??, mni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi.
Aungtd afg ug ärnd 3:.;53.>5 `³ y su pidgtd jàskad id afgstktuyng gunvn (;) cifquns mfgmn jugakfgdg ids fjkakgds y ids duids mn aidsn. Ni Afinokf kgkakñ idcfrns dadmë`kads ni màd 31 mn Dcrki mn 4;?; y id Hugtd Dm`kgkstrdtkvd mni JNS, gf`crñ af`f Snatfr di Ikangakdmf NGSKT^N DI]D@DS ZDINQ], afg ugd pidgtd mn 34 mfangtns jugmdmfrns.
Ng 4;<5 ni Ikangakdmf H^DG QFADSSDQ I^CF, ns gf`crdmf Snatfr y af`f Qnarntdràd id Qnôfrd FIOD T^KG]DGD2 di huckidrsn ni Ikangakdmf QFADSSDQ I^CF, jun dsangmkmd di adrof mn Snatfrd id Ikangakdmd SN[NQ KQDCNI ANCDIIFQ MÀDX, ng ni dôf mn 4;;?, y di `ks`f tkn`pf jun af`kskfgdmd af`f Dsnsfrd Unmdoñokad mni Gøainf 5> mni Mkstrktf2 ng su rnn`pidzf jun ngadrodmf ni Ikangakdmf MDGKNI JDHDSMF ZDINGAKD.
Ng Dcrki mni 3554 jkgdikzd ni Ngadrof mni Ikangakdmf y id Ikangakdmd SN[NQ KQDCNI ANCDIIFQ MÀDX kgkakd su idcfr ng id Snatfràd, daf`pdôdmd afg ug aunrpf mn 34 mfangtns, mfs (3) Affrmkgdmfrns y mfan (43) Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs, qun trdcdhdg di snrvkakf mn id huvngtum mn gunstrd akumdm.
Id Ikangakdmd UD]SKAKD HK@ËGNX, dsu`kñ id rnatfràd ng ni dôf 355> y pnr`dgnakñ ng niid ldstd ni dôf 3545, dôf ng ni audi dsu`kñ ids jugakfgns mn Snatfr ni Kgongknrf ODCSKNI A^N]F ADQ]KIIF.
3.3
@KQKÑG
Jfr`dr akumdmdgfs, rnspfgsdcins, aràtkafs, kgvnstkodtkvfs, y pdrtkakpdtkvfs, afg ldckikmdmns y af`pntngakds dadmë`kads y idcfrdins. Mn ditd adikmdm Ëtkad y @frdi, adpdans mn prf`fvnr id afgvkvngakd pdaàjkad `nmkdgtn id
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
4>
mnjngsd y prf`fakñg mn ifs mnrnalfs lu`dgfs, ni rnspntf d id piurdikmdm y d id mkjnrngakd2 qun afgtrkcuydg d id trdgsjfr`dakñg y mnsdrrfiif sfstngkcin mn su ngtfrgf sfakdi, auiturdi y d`ckngtdi.
3.1
ZKQKÑG
NG NI 3533 ID KNM SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ snrä ugd Kgstktuakñg anrtkjkadmd, pfskakfgdmd ngtrn ids akgaf `nhfrns kgstktuakfgns pøcikads mni mkstrktf mn Qdgtd @drtd, jfr`dmfrd mn pnrsfgds kggfvdmfrds, kgvnstkodtkvds, afg ditf sngtkmf aràtkaf y pdrtkakpdtkvf, afg ug <5% mn sus nornsdmfs ng nmuadakñg jfr`di supnrkfr y af`pntngtns ng id tf`d mn mnakskfgns rnspfgsdcins, qun iforng pfskakfgdrsn af`f iàmnrns (dadmë`kafs y idcfrdins), af`prf`ntkmfs afg ni mnsdrrfiif y ckngnstdr mn su af`ugkmdm.
3.=
3.=.4
QÀ@CFIFQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ
Nsaumf
Ni añgmfr. Snprnsngtd id cøsqunmd mni afgfak`kngtf. Zkskñg mn juturf. Afrfgd mn Idurni8 Ns ni ëxktf dmqukrkmf pfr sus `ërktfs Ikcrf8 Ns id jungtn mn id sdckmuràd y cøsqunmd mni sdcnr. 3.=.3
Cdgmnrd
Ns mn afifr cidgaf y vnrmn afg ni nsaumf ng ni angtrf. Ni afifr Cidgaf rnprnsngtd id purnzd y id UDX. Ni afifr vnrmn rnprnsngtd id rkqunzd gdturdi mn gunstrf D`ckngtn.
3.=.1
Lk`gf Kgstktuakfg di
Intrd8 Hudg Dafstd Snstrnpf @øskad8 Drturf Cnrgdi Z.
Afrf Kgstktuakñg Sfmrkof Odiväg Frouiifsf pidgtni mn jfr`dakñg
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
4:
Kgskogkd mn mnsdrrfiif Ng prf mn su pfcidakñg
K D id frkiid mni @dgzdgdrns Qn invdgtd ugd prf`kskñg, Ldakngmf ifs sunôfs rndins D trdvës mn id nmuadakñg.
KK Nstumkfsfs hñvngns aid`dm Nspnrdgzd, pdz y ikcnrtdm, Afgjkdgmf ng gf rntrfanmnr Odivdgkstds ldstd ni jkgdi.
KKK Qu `kskñg tëagkad y lu`dgd Id nxaningakd ns su vkskñg, [ ordgmkfsfs ifs prfjnsfrns Urnfaupdmfs pfr su supnrdakñg.
KZ Dôfs mn vkaksktumns Udsdmfs pfr id kgstktuakñg Tun gugad nstd aidumkqun Ng su crkiidgtn nvfiuakñg
3.=.=
In`d Kgstktuakfg di
’^g af`prf`ksf sfakdi afg adikmdm lu`dgd‐
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
4?
1
UFIÀ]KADQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg Mn Id Cdstkmds, dsu`n qun gkôfs y hñvngns sfg ni angtrf mn sus prfansfs mn jfr`dakñg, pdrd qun `nmkdgtn ni iforf mn dutfgf`àd arnakngtn, diadgang su pingf mnsdrrfiif lu`dgf y trdsakngmdg, `nmkdgtn id pingd vkvngakd mn vdifrns ëtkafs, ng ids mk`ngskfgns kgmkvkmudi, jd`kikdr y sfakdi. Ufr if tdgtf, mnaidrd prkgakpkfs, ifs skoukngtns8
1.4
Zkgauidakñg afg ni @ugmf Sndi
Id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, sn afgakcn af`f ugd kgstktuakñg pidgtdmd ng ni `ugmf afg ugd aidrd afgakngakd mn su rndikmdm y su ngtfrgf. Ufr niif cusad jfr`dr d sus nstumkdgtns pdrd qun dsu`dg ni afgfak`kngtf af`f ugd mk`ngskñg vkgauidmd gf sfif d su vkmd, skgf d id mn ifs mn`äs, qun mftd mn sngtkmf ni afgtnxtf y fchntf mni sdcnr2 ns mnakr, Zkvn, Ukngsd y Qkngtn id rndikmdm. Mn nstd `dgnrd arnd ug aàrauif mn afgstdgtn dik`ngtdakñg ngtrn if qun sdcn y if qun vkvn.
1.3
Afgfak`kng tf Unrtkgngtn
Di vkgauidrsn ng tfmf `f`ngtf di `ugmf, id Kgstktuakñg cusad nvktdr qun ni afgfak`kngtf sn mnsvkgauin mni afgtnxtf, mni ngtfrgf oifcdi, mn ifs mkstkgtfs gkvnins f mk`ngskfgns mn id rndikmdm y, pfr ngmn, mn su af`pinhkmdm. Ngtkngmn ni afgfak`kngtf af`f drtkauidakñg, af`f pfskckikmdm mn afgstrukr k`äongns, ugkvnrsfs drtkauidmfs n kgtnrafgnatdmfs afg id rndikmdm, qun mkstkgoun skn`prn id mkvnrskmdm. Ni afgfak`kngtf pnrtkgngtn ns ngtfgans id anrtnzd mni afgtnxtf, mn if oifcdi, mn if `uitkmk`ngskfgdi y mn if af`pinhf. K`pikad pfr mnjkgkakñg Qdcnr datudikzdmf y ng afgstdgtn trdgsjfr`dakñg.
1.1
N`prngmk`kng tf y Urfmuatkvkmd m
Id KNM afgakcn id prfmuatkvkmdm af`f id adpdakmdm mn snr øtki pdrd sà `ks`f y pdrd ifs mn`äs. Ng nstn sngtkmf, cusad jf`ngtdr ug pngsd`kngtf adpdz mn ongnrdr suhntfs qun datøng sfcrn su rndikmdm ng tfmds sus mk`ngskfgns (kgmkvkmudi, sfakdi, pfiàtkad, nafgñ`kad, auiturdi y nafiñokad). Cusad jf`ngtdr ng tfmf ni prfansf nmuadtkvf id jdauitdm arndtkvd pdrd afgvnrtkr ifs prfcin`ds ng fpfrtugkmdmns pdrd arndr, ldanr y n`prngmnr. Ng rnsu`ng, id prfmuatkvkmdm ns ngtngmkmd af`f ni rnsuitdmf mn pfgnr ng hunof tfmfs ifs sdcnrns dmqukrkmfs pdrd trdgsjfr`dr, mn `dgnrd arndtkvd y afgstruatkvd, ni `ugmf qun gfs rfmnd, afg cdsn ng ugd ëtkad lu`dgd y pidgntdrkd.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
4<
1.=
Snspntf d id Mkvnrskmdm
Qn ngtkngmn qun id mkvnrskmdm ëtgkad, sfakdi, pfiàtkad, nafgñ`kad y auiturdi ns nsngakdi pdrd ug mnsdrrfiif pingf mni `ugmf ng su afghugtf. Ngtkngmn nstd mkvnrskmdm ng id kgtnikongakd y rnspntd prfjugmd`ngtn id kgmkvkmudikmdm y pdrtkauidrkmdm mn admd pnrsfgd mn gunstrd af`ugkmdm. Ufr tdi rdzñg, cusad mnsdrrfiidr `ëtfmfs qun pnr`ktdg qun admd diu`gf ngaungtrn id `nhfr jfr`d mn iinodr di afgfak`kngtf y afgstrukr ni sdcnr, skg k`pfgnr ugd jfr`d øgkad f prkvkinokdr ug tkpf mn kgtnikongakd sfcrn ftrd. Ufr ni rnspntf d id mkvnrskmdm, sf`fs ugd kgstktuakñg idkad y, pfr ngmn, ikcrn mn arnmfs y afgvkaakfgns nxaiuyngtns, ns mnakr, dcknrtd d tfmds ids jfr`ds mn pngsdr, sngtkr y snr.
Mn koudi jfr`d, ni rnspntf d id mkvnrskmdm sn ngtkngmn ng ni pidgf mn ids kmnds pfiàtkads y sfakdins, dsà af`f ng aunstkfgns mn pnrtngngakd d ugd ntgkd, orupf rdakdi f oëgnrf. Ufr niif, sfg vdifrns jugmd`ngtdins pdrd id kgstktuakñg, mnrkvdmfs mn nstn prkgakpkf8 id ikcnrtdm, id tfinrdgakd, id koudimdm, id nqukmdm y id jrdtnrgkmdm.
1.>
Snspntf d id Afgmkakñg Lu`dgd
Id Kgstktuakñg cusad qun ni nmuadgmf punmd rnjinxkfgdr murdgtn su pnrkfmf mn jfr`dakñg, pdrd qun ldod mn nstn nhnrakakf ug läcktf pnr`dgngtn. Qn prf`unvn nstd nvdiudakñg sfcrn id gdturdinzd mni afgfak`kngtf, mn sus pfskckikmdmns y ik`ktdakfgns2 afgakcn di snr lu`dgf af`f suhntfs kgdadcdmfs, ng prfansf tdgtf mni nmuadmfr af`f mni nmuadgmf. Id rnidakñg nmuadtkvd mncn ngtfgans afgvnrtkrsn ng ugd afgstruaakñg sfakdi afghugtd, rnjinxkvd, mn Dutftrdgsjfr`dakñg, arnak`kngtf pnrsfgdi y dprngmkzdhn pdrd tfmfs ifs qun pdrtkakpdg, kgmnpngmkngtn`ngtn mn su pfskakñg jfr`di ng niid.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
4;
=
@DSAF INODI ONGNSDI
Id iny ongnrdi mn nmuadakñg (iny 44> mn 4;;=), ng su drtàauif ?1, mkan8
Afg ni jkg mn ifordr id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi mni nmuadgmf, admd nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf mncnrä nidcfrdr y pfgnr ng präatkad ug prfynatf nmuadtkvf kgstktuakfgdi ng ni qun sn nspnakjkqung ngtrn ftrfs dspnatfs, ifs prkgakpkfs y jkgns mni nstdcinak`kngtf, ifs rnaursfs mfangtns y mkmäatkafs mkspfgkcins y gnansdrkfs, id nstrdtnokd pnmdoñokad, ni rnoid`ngtf pdrd mfangtns y nstumkdgtns, y ni skstn`d mn onstkñg, tfmf niif ngad`kgdmf d au`pikr afg ids mkspfskakfgns mn id prnsngtn iny y sus rnoid`ngtfs.
Uärrdjf. Ni prfynatf nmuadtkvf kgstktuakfgdi mncnrä rnspfgmnr d sktudakfgns y gnanskmdmns mn ifs nmuadgmfs, mn id af`ugkmdm ifadi, mn id rnokñg y mni pdàs, snr afgarntf, jdatkcin y nvdiudcin.
Mnarntf 45?> mn 354>, rnoid`ngtd id iny 44> mn 4;;= ng ifs dspnatfs pnmdoñokafs y frodgkzdtkvf. Mn daunrmf afg if dgtnrkfr, ns ugd nxkongakd inodi pdrd admd pidgtni nmuadtkvf, tdgtf mni snatfr fjkakdi af`f prkvdmf, afgstrukr su prfpkf prfynatf nmuadtkvf kgstktuakfgdi, dafrmn afg ids nxkongakds, nxprnsdmf ng su drtàauif 3.1.1.4.=.4. Nstn `ks`f drtàauif pidgtnd ugd `ntd sfcrn ifs afgtngkmfs qun mncn tngnr ug UNK pdrd ifordr id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi mn ifs nmuadgmfs. Nstn mnarntf, ng su Drtàauif 3.1.1.4.=.4 mni aktdmf mnarntf nxprnsd dmn`äs, qun admd nstdcinak`kngtf ofzd mn dutfgf`àd pdrd jfr`uidr, dmfptdr y pfgnr ng präatkad su prfpkf prfynatf nmuadtkvf afgstktuakfgdi. Qu dmfpakñg mncn ldanrsn `nmkdgtn ug prfansf mn pdrtkakpdakñg mn ifs mkjnrngtns nstd`ngtfs, rndikzdgmf ids ntdpds qun ni `ks`f drtàauif prnvë, af`f sfg id jfr`uidakñg y mnikcnrdakñg, id dmfpakñg pfr pdrtn mni afgsnhf mkrnatkvf, id dongmd mni prfansf, ni pidg fpnrdtkvf qun prnsngtn ni rnatfr y ids `fmkjkadakfgns.
Ng dtngakñg d if nstdcinakmf pfr id afgstktuakñg pfiàtkad mn 4;;4 qun mnikgnñ ng jfr`d ongërkad ni prfynatf pfiàtkaf nmuadtkvf mni pdàs, af`f ug prfansf ns nsngakdi`ngtn auiturdi, ug prfynatf lkstñrkaf mn afgvkvngakd dr`ñgkad y akvkikzdmd, ni UNK mncn kgsarkckrsn ng ni `draf inodi af`f ugd prfpunstd auiturdi, aflnrngtn afg ifs prkgakpkfs mn id auiturd afgstktuakfgdi qun afganptød id nmuadakñg af`f ug mnrnalf jugmd`ngtdi y ug snrvkakf mn adräatnr pøcikaf, gdakfgdi piurdikstd y mn`farätkaf, y qun ng su drtàauif :? djkr`d8 ’id nmuadakñg jfr`drd di
afif`ckdgf ng ni rnspntf mn ifs mnrnalfs lu`dgfs, id pdz y id mn`fardakd, y ng id präatkad mni trdcdhf y id
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
35
arndakñg, pdrd ni `nhfr d`kngtf auiturdi, akngtàjkaf y tnagfiñokaf, pdrd id prftnaakñg mni d`ckngtn‐. If dgtnrkfr
ng afrrnspfgmngakd ngtrn ni `dgmdtf afgstktuakfgdi y ids nxkongakds mn ifs ad`ckfs sfakdins, pfiàtkafs, nafgñ`kafs y ng id nmuadakñg.
Uunmn djkr`drsn ngtfgans qun ni UNK ns id nxprnskñg frodgkzdmd mni prfynatf pfiàtkaf mn gdakñg qun k`pikad id akvkikmdm ng id jfr`dakñg akumdmdgd, pdrd `nhfrdr id adikmdm mn vkmd mn ifs afif`ckdgfs y afif`ckdgds, pdrd qun ldod mn id daakñg nmuadtkvd ug prfansf skogkjkadtkvd y trdgsjfr`dmfr k`piàaktf mn id afgstktuakñg pfiàtkad afif`ckdgd mn 4;;4, y ng id iny ongnrdi mn id nmuadakñg mn 4;;= y sus mnarntfs rnoid`ngtdrkfs. Id adikmdm y pnrtkgngakd mni UNK mnpngmng mn id adikmdm qun nsn tngod mn afgstrukr ug prfynatf mn gdakñg.
=.4
•
Ftrds Gfr`ds Udrd Mkrnaak fgdr Urfansfs
Snsfiuakñg Gf. 11>1 mn huikf mn 4;;1 pfr ni audi sn nstdcinan ni mnsdrrfiif mn prford`ds y prfynatfs kgstktuakfgdins mn nmuadakñg snxudi ng id nmuadakñg Cäskad mni pdàs.
•
Snsfiuakñg 4:55 mn 4;;=8 pfr ni audi sn nstdcinan ni prfynatf mn nmuadakñg pdrd mn`fardakd ng tfmfs ifs gkvnins mn nmuadakñg jfr`di.
•
Snsfiuakñg ?>>5 mn 4;;=, pfr id audi sn rnouidg ids datudakfgns mni skstn`d gdakfgdi pdrd id prnvngakñg y dtngakñg mn mnsdstrns ng Afif`ckd.
•
Id iny ?4> mni 34 mn mkakn`crn mn 3554, pfr id audi sn mkatdg gfr`ds froägkads ng `dtnrkd mn rnaursfs y af`pntngakds mn afgjfr`kmdm afg ifs drtàauifs 4>4, 3<<, 1>: y 1>? mn id afgstktuakñg pfiàtkad gdakfgdi y sn mkatdg ftrds mkspfskakfgns pdrd frodgkzdr id prftnaakñg y ifs snrvkakfs mn nmuadakñg y sdium ngtrn ftrfs.
•
Iny 45;< mni 355:8 pfr id audi sn nxpkmn ni añmkof mn id kgjdgakd y mn id dmfinsangakd.
=.3
Jfgmf Mn Qnrvkakfs Nmuadtkvfs.
•
Iny ongnrdi mn nmuadakñg, drtkauif 4<3, `fmkjkadmf pdrakdi`ngtn pfr ni mnarntf rnoid`ngtdrkf 5;;3 mni 34 mn `dyf mn 3553, qun rnoid`ngtd ni jfgmf mn snrvkakfs nmuadtkvfs y dskogd jugakfgns di afgsnhf mkrnatkvf af`f dm`kgkstrdmfr mni jfgmf y di rnatfr (d) af`f frmngdmfrns mni odstf.
•
Urnsupunstf8 Iny 44> mn 4;;=, drtàauifs 4=3, 4=1, 4==. Mnarntf 4<>?/;= nstdcinan ids gfr`ds ongnrdins pdrd ni jugakfgd`kngtf mn ifs jfgmfs mn snrvkakfs nmuadtkvfs.
•
Iny <5 mn 4;;1 y mnarntfs rnoid`ngtdrkfs, nstdcinan ni rëok`ng mn afgtrdtdakñg dm`kgkstrdtkvd. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
34
•
Iny ?4> mn 35548 pidgtnd gunvds pdutds pdrd ni `dgnhf mni jfgmf mn snrvkakfs nmuadtkvfs.
•
Mnarntf ;;= mni 34 mn `dyf mn 3553 pfr `nmkd mni audi sn rnoid`ngtdg pdrakdi`ngtn ifs drtàauifs 44, 43, 41 y 4= mn id iny ?4>.
•
Snsfiuakñg gdakfgdi 333 mn huikf mn 355:, nstdcinan ifs prfanmk`kngtfs mni pidg mn aungtds qun rnokräg pdrd tfmds ids ngtkmdmns mni nstdmf.
•
Snspnatf d id gfr`dtkvkmdm ongnrdi sfcrn prnsupunstfs sn rnaf`kngmd afgsuitdr ni mnarntf 444 mni ;: y ids inyns 1< mn 4;<;, 4?; mn 4;;= y id 3>> mn 4;;>, afgstktutkvds mni nstdtutf froägkaf mn prnsupunstf.
•
Mnarntf =?;4 mn 355< qun rnoid`ngtd pdrakdi`ngtn ifs Jfgmfs mn Qnrvkakfs Nmuadtkvfs ng ifs nstdcinak`kngtfs nmuadtkvfs nstdtdins.
•
Mnarntf =<5? mn 3544 qun nstdcinan ids afgmkakfgns mn ordtukmdm pdrd kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds nstdtdins.
=.1
Qfcrn Ifs Qnrvkmfrns Uøcikafs
Mnarntf 33?? mn 4;?; y Mnarntf 43?< mn 3553 qun nstdcinang ni nstdtutf mfangtn
•
Ids kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds af`f frodgks`fs pøcikafs sfg dm`kgkstrdmfs pfr snrvkmfrns pøcikafs y pfr if tdgtf ins af`pntn id dpikadakñg mn gfr`ds tdins af`f8
•
Iny ?1= mni 41 mn jncrnrf mn 35538 añmkof mksakpikgdrkf øgkaf.
•
Iny 4;5 mn 4;;>8 iid`dmd nstdtutf dgtkafrrupakñg.
•
Iny >;; mn huikf mn 3555, pfr `nmkf mn id audi sn nxpkmkñ ni añmkof pngdi rnjnrkmf d ifs mniktfs afgtrd id dm`kgkstrdakñg pøcikad,
•
=.=
Iny =3 mn 4;;18 mn afgtrfi jksadi, if nhnrang ids afgtrdifràds.
Qfcrn Ni Urfynatf Unmdoñokaf Kgstktuakfgdi
Ni Mnarntf rnoid`ngtdrkf 45?> mni 3: mn `dyf mn 354>, ng su drtàauif 3.1.1.4.=.4. Qnôdid qun8
]fmf nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf mncn nidcfrdr y pfgnr ng präatkad afg id pdrtkakpdakñg mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd ug prfynatf nmuadtkvf kgstktuakfgdi qun nxprnsn id jfr`d af`f sn ld mnakmkmf diadgzdr ifs jkgns mn K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
33
id nmuadakñg mnjkgkmfs pfr id iny, tngkngmf ng aungtd ids afgmkakfgns sfakdins, nafgñ`kads y auiturdins mn su `nmkf.
Udrd ifordr id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi mn ifs nmuadgmfs mncn afgtngnr pfr if `ngfs ifs skoukngtns dspnatfs8
•
Ifs prkgakpkfs y jugmd`ngtfs qun frkngtdg id daakñg mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd ng id kgstktuakñg.
•
Ni dgäiksks mn id sktudakñg kgstktuakfgdi qun pnr`ktd id kmngtkjkadakñg mn prfcin`d y sus fràongns.
•
Ifs fchntkvfs ongnrdins mni prfynatf.
•
Id nstrdtnokd pnmdoñokad qun ouàd ids idcfrns mn jfr`dakñg mn ifs nmuadgmfs.
•
Id frodgkzdakñg mn ifs pidgns mn nstumkf y id mnjkgkakñg mn ifs arktnrkfs pdrd id nvdiudakñg mni rngmk`kngtf mni nmuadgmf.
•
Ids daakfgns pnmdoñokads rnidakfgdmds afg id nmuadakñg pdrd ni nhnrakakf mn id mn`fardakd, pdrd id nmuadakñg snxudi, pdrd ni usf mni tkn`pf ikcrn, pdrd ni dprfvnald`kngtf y afgsnrvdakñg mni d`ckngtn y, ng ongnrdi, pdrd ifs vdifrns lu`dgfs.
•
Ni rnoid`ngtf f `dgudi mn afgvkvngakd y ni rnoid`ngtf pdrd mfangtns.
•
Ifs ñrodgfs, jugakfgns y jfr`d mn kgtnordakñg mni ofcknrgf nsafidr.
•
Ni skstn`d mn `dtràauids y pngskfgns quë kgaiuyd id kmngtkjkadakñg mn ifs pdofs quë afrrnspfgmd ldanr d ifs usudrkfs mni snrvkakf y, ng ni adsf mn ifs nstdcinak`kngtfs prkvdmfs, ni afgtrdtf mn rngfvdakñg mn `dtràauid.
•
Ifs prfanmk`kngtfs pdrd rnidakfgdrsn afg ftrds frodgkzdakfgns sfakdins, tdins af`f ifs `nmkfs mn af`ugkadakñg `dskvd, ids dorn`kdakfgns, ifs skgmkadtfs y ids kgstktuakfgns af`ugktdrkds.
•
Id nvdiudakñg mn ifs rnaursfs lu`dgfs, jàskafs, nafgñ`kafs y tnagfiñokafs mkspfgkcins y prnvkstf pdrd ni juturf afg ni jkg mn rndikzdr ni prfynatf.
•
Ids nstrdtnokds pdrd drtkauidr id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd afg ids nxprnskfgns auiturdins ifadins rnokfgdins.
•
Ifs arktnrkfs mn frodgkzdakñg dm`kgkstrdtkvd y mn nvdiudakñg mn id onstkñg.
•
Ifs prford`ds nmuadtkvfs mn adräatnr gf jfr`di n kgjfr`di qun fjrnzad ni nstdcinak`kngtf, ng mnsdrrfiif mn ifs fchntkvfs ongnrdins mn id kgstktuakñg.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
31
>
ÄSND MN ONQ]KÑG MKSNA]KZD
Qn rnjknrn d id `dgnrd af`f ni nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf ns frkngtdmf. Nstd ärnd sn angtrd ng ni mkrnaakfgd`kngtf nstrdtëokaf, id auiturd kgstktuakfgdi, ni aik`d y ni ofcknrgf nsafidr, dmn`äs mn ids rnidakfgns afg ni ngtfrgf. Mn nstd jfr`d ns pfskcin qun ni rnatfr f mkrnatfr y su nqukpf mn onstkñg frodgkang, mnsdrrfiing 4
y nvdiøng ni jugakfgd`kngtf ongnrdi mn id kgstktuakñg. >.4
ADSDA]NSÀQ ]KADQ MN ID ONQ]KÑG
Ng id Kgstktuakñg sn prfpfgn ug ngjfqun frodgkzdakfgdi y ug nstkif mn onstkñg pfr prfansfs, ng ni qun admd pnrsfgd dsu`n rnspfgsdckikmdmns, rnspfgmn pfr rnsuitdmfs, mnsdrrfiid sus adpdakmdmns, y ns afgsakngtn mn qun su rdzñg mn snr ng id frodgkzdakñg ns ni iforf mn fchntkvfs trdcdhdmfs ng nqukpf, afg id afgakngakd mn kgtnrmnpngmngakd. Ids pnrsfgds mncng mnsdrrfiidr arndtkvd`ngtn sus af`pntngakds, y gf ik`ktdrsn di `nrf au`pik`kngtf mn jugakfgns. Id onstkñg ns ugd onstkñg lu`dgd qun jf`ngtd ni af`prf`ksf, id rnspfgsdckikmdm y id sdtksjdaakñg pnrsfgdi2 y cusad id nxaningakd d pdrtkr mn ug ikmnrdzof qun afgvfqun y arnn afgjkdgzd y arnmkckikmdm2 ug trdcdhf afrpfrdtkvf cdsdmf ng ni afgsngsf y ni rnspntf2 ugd kgjfr`dakñg fpfrtugd pdrd qun id pdrtkakpdakñg prford`dmd snd pfskcin2 y ugd dutfgf`àd y vkskñg n`prnsdrkdi pdrd ifordr njkakngakd y njkadakd. Ni ngjfqun frodgkzdakfgdi prfpngmn pfr id pdrtkakpdakñg, pfr id kgtnordakñg mn ifs prfansfs y pfrqun ids mkstkgtds mkrnatkvds dsu`dg, mn `dgnrd afrpfrdtkvd y mn`farätkad, ni au`pik`kngtf mn sus rnspfgsdckikmdmns y id tf`d mn mnakskfgns. Id auiturd mn id kgtnrmnpngmngakd prfpkakd ni trdcdhf ng nqukpf, id af`ugkadakñg pnr`dgngtn, ni rnspntf mn ids mnckmds kgstdgakds, af`pntngakds y prfanmk`kngtfs, ni nhnrakakf mn id dutfrkmdm jugmd`ngtdmd ng id kgtnorkmdm, id nxkongakd y id pfgmnrdakñg. Ng sus prfansfs dm`kgkstrdtkvfs tkngn af`f prkgakpkfs cäskafs ifs skoukngtns8
4. Ldanr mn ids ärnds mn onstkñg dadmë`kad, mn afgvkvngakd, y dm`kgkstrdtkvd jkgdgaknrd, ug tfmf froägkaf mfgmn admd ugkmdm dm`kgkstrdtkvd pfsnd af`pntngakds aidrds y fchntkvfs prfpkfs
4
Ouàd 1= Udrd ni @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi. @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi. 355<. Uäokgd =< K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
3=
3. Afgvnrtkr ni mnsdrrfiif dadmë`kaf ng ni pugtf mn rnjnrngakd cäskaf pdrd id afgjkourdakñg mn id nstruaturd2 ng ni tfmf qun hdifgd id dm`kgkstrdakñg qun, af`f onstkñg `fmnrgd, njkakngtn, äoki, pdrtkakpdtkvd, mkgä`kad, jinxkcin, aflnrngtn y pnrtkgngtn, mncn pfgnrsn d su snrvkakf. 1. Ldanr mn ifs Uidgns mn ärnd y duid id nstrdtnokd angtrdi mni skstn`d pnmdoñokaf, mfgmn sn ongnrng y pidgkjkqung ids mkstkgtds datkvkmdmns mfangtns, nstrdtnokds y nvdiudakñg mn ifs nstumkdgtns dtngmkngmf d sus pdrtkauidrkmdmns y d id gdturdinzd mn trdgsvnrsdi mn tfmds ids ärnds mni sdcnr. =. Odrdgtkzdr id ugkmdm aurrkauidr mn ids ärnds dadmë`kads y su mnsdrrfiif y pnr`dgngtn datudikzdakñg, prfynaakñg y pnrtkgngakd, pfr `nmkf mn ugd dutfnvdiudakñg pnr`dgngtn. >. Nstruaturdr ids ärnds dadmë`kads afg id sujkakngtn af`pinhkmdm y mngskmdm pdrd pnr`ktkrins kmngtkjkadrsn af`f vnrmdmnrfs ad`pfs mni afgfak`kngtf akngtàjkaf, tnagfiñokaf, tëagkaf, lu`dgàstkaf, jkifsñjkaf f drtàstkaf. :. Urfpkakdr ni mkäifof mn ids mkstkgtds ärnds mni afgfak`kngtf `nmkdgtn id prf`fakñg mn pugtfs mn ngaungtrf pdrd id rnjinxkñg y id pidgndakñg mn nspdakfs kgtnordmfrns qun jf`ngtng ni nhnrakakf mn id mfangakd y ni dprngmkzdhn afg ugd vkskñg kgtnrmksakpikgdrkd.
>.3
FCHN]KZFQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ
>.3.4
Ongnrdi
Urfpkakdr ug d`ckngtn mn jrdtnrgkmdm y dr`fgàd qun pnr`ktd y jdakiktn ni mnsdrrfiif kgtnordi mn tfmfs ifs `kn`crfs mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd y ng nspnakdi, ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids pftngakdikmdmns pnrsfgdins y sfakdins mn ifs nstumkdgtns, sfcrn id cdsn mni rnspntf y id tfinrdgakd.
>.3.3
•
Nspnaàjkafs
Jf`ngtdr id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi mni gunvf akumdmdgf, ng mnsdrrfiif mn sus pftngakdikmdmns, su adpdakmdm aràtkad, dgdiàtkad, drou`ngtdtkvd y prfpfsktkvd pdrd qun in ftfroun gunvf skogkjkadmf d su rndikmdm y id prfvnn mn ditnrgdtkvds snrkds, prfjugmds y gnansdrkds d ifs mkvnrsfs prfcin`ds qun ngjrngtd.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
3>
•
Jf`ngtdr ni mnsdrrfiif mn id pnrsfgdikmdm mni nstumkdgtn afg arktnrkfs mn rnspfgsdckikmdm, lfgnstkmdm y rnspntf, pdrd qun snd dutñgf`f jrngtn d sus mnrnalfs y mncnrns.
•
Urfpfrakfgdr ugd sñikmd jfr`dakñg ëtkad y `frdi qun prfpkakn ids präatkads mn`farätkads pdrd ni dprngmkzdhn mn ifs prkgakpkfs y vdifrns mn id pdrtkakpdakñg y id frodgkzdakñg akumdmdgd ng ifs dsugtfs mn id vkmd kgmkvkmudi y afinatkvd.
>.1
NQ]SD]NOKDQ MN QNO^K@KNG]F [ NZDI^DAKÑG MN USFANQFQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ
Udrtn nsngakdi mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi mn id kgstktuakñg, ns id pnr`dgngtn rnvkskñg mn `nadgks`fs pdrd ni snouk`kngtf y mnsdrrfiif mn sus fchntkvfs `kskfgdins y mn ifs fchntkvfs nspnaàjkafs mn admd ärnd mn onstkñg, nstfs nspdakfs odrdgtkzdg ug dgäiksks pnr`dgngtn y af`prf`ntkmf mni au`pik`kngtf mn af`prf`ksfs y mn ifs rnsuitdmfs mn ids daakfgns rndikzdmds.
Ni Qnouk`kngtf sn njnatød mn jfr`d afgtkgud d if idrof mni dôf nsafidr if qun gfs pnr`ktn ng ordg `nmkmd afgtrfidr y `nmkr id nvdiudakñg mn ids nstrdtnokds k`pin`ngtdmds, pnr`ktkngmf afrrnokr y sucsdgdr adrngakds y rnmkrkokr ldakd gunvds `ntds d pdrtkr mn ifs rnsuitdmfs fctngkmfs.
Ng id kgstktuakñg id nvdiudakñg ns ni prfansf qun pnr`ktn `nmkr ifs rnsuitdmfs, y vnr af`f nstfs vdg au`pikngmf ifs fchntkvfs nspnaàjkafs y iàgnds mn datudakñg pidgtndmfs. Id nvdiudakñg pnr`ktn ldanr rnvkskfgns pidgndmds admd aknrtf tkn`pf y af`pdrdr ni fchntkvf pidgtndmf afg id rndikmdm.
>.1.4
Fchntkvf
Afgsfikmdr y prnsngtdr rnsuitdmfs kgstktuakfgdins d pdrtkr mn id rnafinaakñg, dgäiksks y onstkñg mn id kgjfr`dakñg ongnrdmd ng ifs mkjnrngtns prfansfs, afg ni jkg mn prfvnnr lnrrd`kngtds mn hukakf pdrd id tf`d mn mnakskfgns.
Admd ärnd mn onstkñg tkngn nstfs nspdakfs qun in sfg prfpkfs y qun mntnr`kgdg ni dvdgan y pnr`ktng pidgkjkadr prford`ds y/f prfynatfs, kmngtkjkadr ifs rknsofs, prford`dr ids datkvkmdmns mn snouk`kngtf y `nmkakñg y mksnôdr ids lnrrd`kngtds pdrd ni snouk`kngtf, afgtrfi y `nmkakñg.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
3:
>.=
OFCKNSGF NQAFIDS
Ni ofcknrgf nsafidr af`f `nadgks`f mn pdrtkakpdakñg mn`farätkad ns ugd rnspunstd d id gnanskmdm mn jf`ngtdr d trdvës mn id nsaunid, id auiturd mn id pdrtkakpdakñg.
Ng ni ofcknrgf nsafidr sn tkngn ng aungtd ids kgkakdtkvds mn ifs nstumkdgtns, mn ifs nmuadmfrns, mn ifs pdmrns mn jd`kikd, mn ids mkrnatkvds, ng dspnatfs af`f frodgkzdakñg y dhustns di `dgudi mn afgvkvngakd, ng id pidgndakñg mn datkvkmdmns sfakdins, mnpfrtkvds, auiturdins, drtàstkads y af`ugktdrkds, id afgjfr`dakñg mn ftrfs orupfs qun rnmugmng ng id präatkad mn id pdrtkakpdakñg mn`farätkad ng id vkmd nsafidr.
Ifs pdrtkakpdgtns mn ifs mkjnrngtns nstd`ngtfs afgstktukmfs ng id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd, punmng prnsngtdr suonrngakds pdrd id tf`d mn mnakskfgns mn adräatnr dm`kgkstrdtkvf y tëagkaf ‑ pnmdoñokaf.
Ni ofcknrgf nsafidr ns ni afghugtf mn kgmkvkmufs y frodgks`fs qun frkngtdg, mkrkong y dm`kgkstrdg id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd ng ifs dspnatfs pnmdoñokafs, dadmë`kafs, dm`kgkstrdtkvfs, auiturdins y sfakdins.
Id af`ugkmdm Nmuadtkvd nstä afgjfr`dmd pfr8
Ifs nstumkdgtns `dtrkauidmfs. Ifs pdmrns mn ifs diu`gfs f sus daumkngtns. Ifs mfangtns vkgauidmfs d id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd. Ifs mkrnatkvfs mfangtns y dm`kgkstrdmfrns nsafidrns. Ifs nornsdmfs frodgkzdmfs pdrd pdrtkakpdr
Ni ofcknrgf nsafidr nstä kgtnordmf pfr8 •
Ni Snatfr.
•
Ni Afgsnhf Mkrnatkvf.
•
Ni Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf.
]d`ckëg dpfrtdg d id mn`fardakd nsafidr8
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
3?
•
Ni Afgsnhf mn Nstumkdgtns.
•
Id Dsfakdakñg mn Udmrns mn Jd`kikd.
•
Ni pnrsfgnrf nstumkdgtki.
•
Ni Afgsnhf mn Udmrns.
Ifs kgtnordgtns qun tkngng vfz pnrf gf tkngng vftf sfg8 •
Ni afgsnhf mn nstumkdgtns
•
Unrsfgnrf mn ifs nstumkdgtns
•
Afgsnhf mn pdmrns
Ifs kgtnordgtns qun tkngng vfz y vftf ng ni ofcknrgf nsafidr sfg8 •
Ni Snatfr
•
Ni Afgsnhf Mkrnatkvf
•
Ni Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf
Id Afgstktuakñg Afif`ckdgd ng su Drtàauif =4 ldan rnjnrngakd d id k`pfrtdgakd y fcikodtfrknmdm mn trdcdhdr id nmuadakñg afgstktuakfgdi y if `ngakfgd mn id skoukngtn jfr`d8 ’ng tfmds ids kgstktuakfgns mn nmuadakñg fjkakdi f
prkvdmds snrä fcikodtfrkf ni nstumkf mn id afgstktuakñg y id kgstruaakñg aàvkad. Dsà `ks`f sn jfr`dräg präatkads mn`farätkads pdrd ni dprngmkzdhn mn ifs prkgakpkfs y vdifrns mn id pdrtkakpdakñg akumdmdgd‐.
Ni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi ldan su dpfrtn d trdvës mn id Iny 44> mn 4;;=, ng su Drtàauif >8 id nmuadakñg sn mnsdrrfiidrä ng dtngakñg d ifs skoukngtns jkgns8
4. Ni pingf mnsdrrfiif mn id pnrsfgdikmdm skg `äs ik`ktdakfgns qun ids qun k`pfgng ifs mnrnalfs mn ifs mn`äs y ni frmng huràmkaf, mngtrf mn ug prfansf mn jfr`dakñg kgtnordi, jàskad, psàqukad, kgtninatudi, `frdi, nspkrktudi, sfakdi, djnatkvd, ëtkad aàvkad y mn`äs vdifrns lu`dgfs. 3. Id jfr`dakñg ng ni rnspntf d id vkmd y d ifs mn`äs mnrnalfs lu`dgfs, d id pdz, d ifs prkgakpkfs mn`farätkafs, mn afgvkvngakd, piurdiks`f, hustkakd, sfikmdrkmdm y nqukmdm, dsà af`f ng ni nhnrakakf mn id tfinrdgakd y mn id ikcnrtdm. 1. Id jfr`dakñg pdrd jdakiktdr id pdrtkakpdakñg mn tfmfs ng ids mnakskfgns qun ifs djnatdg ng id vkmd nafgñ`kad, pfiàtkad, dm`kgkstrdtkvd y auiturdi mn id gdakñg. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
3<
=. Id jfr`dakñg ng ni rnspntf d id dutfrkmdm inoàtk`d y d id iny, d id auiturd gdakfgdi, d id lkstfrkd afif`ckdgd y d ifs sà`cfifs pdtrkfs. >. Ni nstumkf y id af`prngskñg aràtkad mn id auiturd gdakfgdi y mn id mkvnrskmdm ëtgkad y auiturdi mni pdàs, af`f jugmd`ngtf mn id ugkmdm y mn su kmngtkmdm. :. Id arndakñg y jf`ngtf mn id sfcnrdgàd gdakfgdi y pdrd id präatkad mn id sfikmdrkmdm y id kgtnordakñg afg ni `ugmf, ng nspnakdi afg Idtkgfd`ërkad y ni A drkcn2‐
?. Ng ni Drtàauif 4=, sfcrn id Ngsnôdgzd fcikodtfrkd `ngakfgd8 ng tfmfs ifs nstdcinak`kngtfs fjkakdins f prkvdmfs qun fjrnzadg Nmuadakñg Jfr`di ns fcikodtfrkf ng ifs gkvnins mn nmuadakñg prnnsafidr, cäskad y `nmkd, au`pikr afg8 d. ’Ni nstumkf, id af`prngskñg, y id präatkad mn id Afgstktuakñg y id kgstruaakñg aàvkad, mn afgjfr`kmdm afg ni drtàauif =4 mn id Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad". c. "Id nmuadakñg pdrd id hustkakd, id pdz, id mn`fardakd, id sfikmdrkmdm, id afgjrdtnrgkmdm, ni affpnrdtkvks`f y ng ongnrdi id jfr`dakñg ng ifs v difrns lu`dgfs‐.
Afg cdsn ng if dgtnrkfr sn k`pin`ngtd ng id Kgstktuakñg ni Urfynatf pdrd ni nhnrakakf mn id Mn`fardakd, afg ni jkg mn qun sus nmuadgmfs vkvngakng ni prfansf mn`farätkaf `nmkdgtn datkvkmdmns mn jfr`dakñg y pdrtkakpdakñg ng ni nhnrakakf mn id mn`fardakd qun ifs jfr`ng pdrd id pdrtkakpdakñg akumdmdgd, ni piurdiks`f, ni rnspntf pfr id mkvnrskmdm, id ikcnrtdm, id dutfgf`àd y id mnjngsd y rnspntf pfr ifs mnrnalfs y ifs mn`äs vdifrns lu`dgfs y akumdmdgfs pdrd qun dsu`d afg rnspfgsdckikmdm y dutfgf`àd sus mnrnalfs y mncnrns.
Id Iny 44> y ni Mnarntf Snoid`ngtdrkf 4<:5 mn 4;;=, nstdcinan qun ni Ofcknrgf Nsafidr ng ifs Nstdcinak`kngtfs Nmuadtkvfs nstä afgstktukmf pfr ifs skoukngtns ñrodgfs8
>.=.4 >.=.4.4
Ñrodgfs Mni Ofcknrgf Nsafidr
3
N I S NA]FS .
Gu`nrdi 1 Mni Drtàauif 35. Ns ni rnprnsngtdgtn mni nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf, mncn daf`pdôdr tfmds ids datkvkmdmns tëagkads, pnmdoñokads y dm`kgkstrdtkvds mn id nsaunid f afinokf y afgtrkcukr pdrd qun au`pid tfmds ids gfr`ds rnoid`ngtdrkds. Dsà `ks`f, nstä ngadrodmf mn nhnautdr ids mnakskfgns mni ofcknrgf nsafidr. Qu jugakñg sn sustngtd ng ugd jfr`dakñg y nxpnrkngakd nspnakjkad faupägmfsn mn id pidgndakñg, mkrnaakñg,
3
Mnarntf 4<:5 Mn 4;;=. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
3;
frkngtdakñg, prford`dakñg, dm`kgkstrdakñg y supnrvkskñg mn id nmuadakñg mngtrf mn id kgstktuakñg, mn sus rnidakfgns afg ni ngtfrgf y ifs pdmrns mn jd`kikd, ifs mkrnatkvfs y ifs diu`gfs.
>.=.4.4.4
•
J ^GAKFGNQ . D S]ÀA^IF 3> MNASN]F 4<:5 M N 4;;=.
Frkngtd id nhnauakñg mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf mni afinokf, nsaunid f Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd, y dpikad ids mnakskfgns mni ofcknrgf nsafidr.
•
Znid pfr ni au`pik`kngtf mn ids jugakfgns mn ifs prfjnsfrns y id fpfrtugd mkstrkcuakñg mn ifs rnaursfs.
•
Urf`unvn ni `nhfrd`kngtf mn id adikmdm mn id nmuadakñg ng id kgstktuakñg.
•
Nstdcinan adgdins mn af`ugkadakñg sñikmfs y njkadans ngtrn tfmfs ifs `kn`crfs mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd.
•
Frkngtd ni prfansf nmuadtkvf afg id dskstngakd mni Afgsnhf dadmë`kaf.
•
Nhnran ids jugakfgns mksakpikgdrkds qun in dtrkcuydg id iny, ifs rnoid`ngtfs y ni @dgudi mn Afgvkvngakd.
•
Kmngtkjkad ids gunvds tngmngakds, dspkrdakfgns n kgjiungakds pdrd adgdikzdrids ng jdvfr mni `nhfrd`kngtf mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi.
•
>.=.4.3
Urf`unvn datkvkmdmns mn cngnjkakf sfakdi qun vkgauing di nstdcinak`kngtf afg id af`ugkmdm ifadi.
N I A FGQNHF M KSNA]KZF
Drtàauif 34 Mnarntf 4<:5 Mn 4;;=. Ns id kgstdgakd mkrnatkvd, mn frkngtdakñg dadmë`kad y dm`kgkstrdtkvd ng id audi pdrtkakpdg tfmfs ifs kgtnordgtns mnid af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd. If kgtnordg8
•
Ni Snatfr, qukng if afgvfad y prnskmn. Mfs rnprnsngtdgtns mn ifs mfangtns.
•
Mfs rnprnsngtdgtns mn ifs pdmrns mn jd`kikd.
•
^g rnprnsngtdgtn mn ifs nstumkdgtns mni øitk`f ordmf, mkjnrngtn di qun jun ninatf Unrsfgnrf Nsafidr
•
^g rnprnsngtdgtn pdrd ifs nxdiu`gfs.
•
^g rnprnsngtdgtn mni snatfr prfmuatkvf f af`nrakdi mn id zfgd ng id audi nstä uckadmf ni afinokf f nsaunid.
Urfanmk`kngtf pdrd su ninaakñg. Udräordjf 3 mni drtàauif 34 mni mnarntf 4<:5 mn 4;;=8
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
15
Mngtrf mn ifs snsngtd màds adingmdrkf skoukngtn di mn id kgkakdakñg mn aidsns mn admd pnràfmf inatkvf dgudi, mncnrä qunmdr kgtnordmf ni Afgsnhf Mkrnatkvf y ngtrdr ng nhnrakakf mn sus jugakfgns. Udrd niif, ni Snatfr afgvfadrä afg id mnckmd dgtkakpdakñg, ifs mkjnrngtns nstd`ngtfs pdrd njnatudr ids ninaakfgns afrrnspfgmkngtns.
>.=.4.3.4
J ^GAKFGNQ . D S]ÀA^IF 31 M NASN]F 4<:5 M N 4;;=.
•
]f`dr ids mnakskfgns qun punmdg cngnjkakdr f sfiuakfgdr prfcin`ds qun djnatng d id Kgstktuakñg.
•
Dmfptdr ni @dgudi mn Afgvkvngakd y id rnoid`ngtdakñg kgtnrgd.
•
Jkhdr ifs arktnrkfs pdrd id dskogdakñg mn aupfs nsafidrns mkspfgkcins.
•
Udrtkakpdr ng id pidgndakñg y nvdiudakñg mni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi, mni aurràauif y mni pidg mn nstumkfs y sf`ntnrifs d afgskmnrdakñg mn id Qnarntdràd mn Nmuadakñg Mkstrktdi pdrd vnrkjkadr ni au`pik`kngtf mn ifs rnquksktfs nstdcinakmfs ng id iny y ifs rnoid`ngtfs.
•
Udrtkakpdr ng id nvdiudakñg mn ifs mfangtns, mkrnatkvfs mfangtns y pnrsfgdi dm`kgkstrdtkvf mn id kgstktuakñg.
•
Dprfcdr ni prnsupunstf mn kgornsf y nornsfs. Mdrsn su prfpkf rnoid`ngtf.
>.=.4.3.3 •
J ^GAKFGNQ NG SNIDAKÑG AFG ID AF@^GKMDM NM^AD]KZD
8
Qnrvkr mn kgstdgakd pdrd rnsfivnr ifs afgjikatfs qun sn prnsngtdg ngtrn mfangtns y dm`kgkstrdtkvfs afg ifs diu`gfs mnspuës mn ldcnr doftdmf ifs prfanmk`kngtfs prnvkstfs ng ni @dgudi mn Afgvkvngakd y ni rnoid`ngtf.
•
Dsu`kr id mnjngsd y odrdgtàd mn ifs mnrnalfs mn tfmd id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd audgmf diougf mn sus `kn`crfs sn skngtd inskfgdmf.
•
Nstdcinanr nstà`uifs y sdgakfgns pdrd ni cung mnsn`pnôf dadmë`kaf y sfakdi mni diu`gf
•
Urf`fvnr ids rnidakfgns dadmë`kads, mnpfrtkvds y auiturdins afg ftrds kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds y id afgjfr`dakñg mn frodgkzdakfgns huvngkins.
•
Snaf`ngmdr arktnrkfs mn pdrtkakpdakñg mn id kgstktuakñg ng datkvkmdmns af`ugktdrkds, auiturdins, mnpfrtkvds y rnarndtkvds.
•
>.=.4.1
Jf`ngtdr id afgjfr`dakñg mn dsfakdakfgns mn pdmrns mn jd`kikd y nstumkdgtns.
N I A FGQNHF D ADMË@KAF .
Ns id kgstdgakd supnrkfr qun pdrtkakpd ng id frkngtdakñg pnmdoñokad mni afinokf, nsaunid f Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd. Nstä kgtnordmf pfr8 K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
14
•
Ni rnatfr qukng if prnskmn.
•
Ni Affrmkgdmfr Dskogdmf.
•
^g mfangtn pfr admd ärnd mnjkgkmd ng ni pidg mn nstumkfs.
>.=.4.1.4
U SFANMK@KNG]F UDSD Q^ NINAAKÑG
Ifs hnjns mn ärnd mnakmng sfcrn qukëgns snräg ifs mfangtns qun kgtnordräg ni Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf auyf pnràfmf snrä dgudi, pnrf nhnranräg sus jugakfgns ldstd audgmf sndg rn`pidzdmfs. Ng adsf mn vdadgakd, sn ninokrä su rn`pidzf pdrd ni rnstf mni pnràfmf. Mngtrf mn ifs prk`nrfs mknz màds adingmdrkf skoukngtn d id kgkakdakñg mn aidsns mn admd pnràfmf inatkvf dgudi, mncnrä qunmdr kgtnordmf ng admd nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf y ngtrdr ng nhnrakakf mn sus jugakfgns.
>.=.4.1.3
•
J ^GAKFGNQ
Qnrvkr mn ñrodgf afgsuitfr mni Afgsnhf Mkrnatkvf ng id rnvkskñg mn if prfpunstf mni Urfynatf nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi.
•
Nstumkdr ni aurràauif y prfpkakdr su afgtkguf `nhfrd`kngtf.
•
Frodgkzdr ni pidg mn nstumkfs y frkngtdr su nhnauakñg.
•
Udrtkakpdr ng id nvdiudakñg kgstktuakfgdi dgudi.
•
Kgtnordr ifs afgsnhfs mn mfangtns pdrd id nvdiudakñg pnrkñmkad mn ifs nstumkdgtns.
•
Snakckr y mnakmkr ifs rnaid`fs mn ifs diu`gfs sfcrn id nvdiudakñg nmuadtkvd.
•
Ids mn`äs jugakfgns qun in dskogn ni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi.
>.=.4.=
N I U NSQFGNSF N Q]^MKDG]KI .
Iny 44> Mn 4;;=, Drtàauif ;=. Mnarntf 4<:5 Mn 4;;=, Drtàauif 3<. Ng tfmfs ifs nstdcinak`kngtfs mn nmuadakñg cäskad y `nmkd (nsaunids y afinokfs) pøcikafs y prkvdmfs y di af`ngzdr ni dôf inatkvf, ifs nstumkdgtns mncng ninokr d ug rnprnsngtdgtn mni øitk`f ordmf pdrd qun datøn af`f ni UNSQFGNSF MN IFQ NQ]^MKDG]NQ, y d su vnz snd prf`ftfr, vfanrf y mnjngsfr mn ifs mnrnalfs y mncnrns mn ifs nstumkdgtns afgsdordmfs ng id
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
13
Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad mn Afif`ckd, id Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg afg sus Mnarntfs Snoid`ngtdrkfs, ni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi y ni @DG^DI MN AFGZKZNGAKD.
>.=.4.=.4
U SFANMK@KNG]F UDSD ID NINAAKÑG MN UNSQFGNSF NQ]^MKDG]KI
.
Mnarntf 4<:5 mn 4;;=, drtàauif 3<. Ni Unrsfgnrf mn ifs Nstumkdgtns sn ninokrä murdgtn ifs :5 màds skoukngtns di kgkakf mni adingmdrkf nsafidr. Qn ninokrä af`f Unrsfgnrf d ug Nstumkdgtn mni Ordmf 44¸. Ifs dspkrdgtns mncng au`pikr ifs rnquksktfs prnvkstfs pfr id Kgstktuakñg ng ni @dgudi mn Afgvkvngakd n kgsarkckrsn afg ni prfjnsfr hnjn mni prfynatf mn Mn`fardakd, dmn`äs mncn prnsngtdr ug prfynatf f pidg mn trdcdhf pdrd kgkakdr su ad`pdôd af`f adgmkmdtf d id pnrsfgnràd.
Cusad ongnrdr ng id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd ug nspàrktu pdrtkakpdtkvf qun rf`pd nsqun`ds trdmkakfgdins y af`pdokgng id pdrtkakpdakñg afg ug d`ckngtn mn adpdaktdakñg kgtninatudi, qun pnr`ktd mftdr di nstumkdgtn mn af`pntngakd pdrd ngjrngtdr di `ugmf y snr ugd pnrsfgd aràtkad, rnjinxkvd, afgfanmfrd y datudgtn mn su ngtfrgf y qun af`f akumdmdgfs mni `dôdgd tngodg mnsmn dlfrd ni afgfak`kngtf mn id `naägkad ninatfrdi qun fjrnan id ZNSMDMNSD MN@FASDAKD.
Afgjfr`dakñg pfr id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd mni af`ktë mn mn`fardakd Nsafidr. Angsf mn nstumkdgtns8 ng nstn prfansf sn tkngn ng aungtd ni gø`nrf mn nstumkdgtns `dtrkauidmfs pdrd ni dôf ninatkvf.
Adgmkmdtfs Ufstuidakñg n kgsarkpakñg mn ifs hñvngns kgtnrnsdmfs ng snr Unrsfgnrf Kgsarkpakñg mn adgmkmdtfs y prford`d mn ofcknrgf Qfrtnf pdrd gø`nrf y uckadakñg mn tdrhntd ninatfrdi Mnjkgkakñg mn gø`nrf mn `nsds mn vftdakñg Mnjkgkakñg mn gø`nrf mn vftdgtns pfr `nsd Mnskogdr ifs tnstkofs ninatfrdins Màd mn id ninaakñg Nsarutkgkfs pfr `nsd Nsarutkgkf ongnrdi Mnaidrdtfrkd mn ninaakñg
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
11
Ufsnskñg mn Unrsfgnrf Nstumkdgtki
Ni nhnrakakf mn ids jugakfgns mn Unrsfgnrf Nstumkdgtki nstä rnidakfgdmf afg ifs mnrnalfs y mncnrns mn ifs nstumkdgtns.
Ni pnrsfgnrf nsafidr punmn y mncn prf`fvnr ni au`pik`kngtf mn tfmfs ifs mncnrns y mnrnalfs qun id Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad ld ftfrodmf d tfmfs ifs akumdmdgfs mni pdàs. ^g pnrsfgnrf nsafidr tkngn ug ordg af`prf`ksf afg tfmd id Af`ugkmdm Nmuadtkvd snr ug vnrmdmnrf iàmnr af`prf`ntkmf afg ifs mnrnalfs y afg ni cung jugakfgd`kngtf mn id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd, gnansktd snr ug ngd`frdmf mn id pdz, ni mkäifof y ifs daunrmfs.
>.=.4.=.3
•
J ^GAKFGNQ . M NASN]F 4<:5 MN 4;;=. D S]ÀA^IF 3<.
Urf`fvnr ni au`pik`kngtf mn ifs mnrnalfs y mncnrns mn ifs nstumkdgtns, pdrd if audi pfmrä utkikzdr ifs `nmkfs mn af`ugkadakñg kgtnrgd mn id Kgstktuakñg, pnmkr afidcfrdakñg mni Afgsnhf mn Nstumkdgtns u ftrds jfr`ds mn mnikcnrdakñg.
•
Snakckr y nvdiudr ids qunhds y rnaid`fs qun prnsngtdg ifs nstumkdgtns sfcrn inskfgns d sus mnrnalfs y id qun jfr`uin audiquknr pnrsfgd mn id af`ugkmdm sfcrn ni kgau`pik`kngtf mn ids fcikodakfgns mn ifs nstumkdgtns.
•
Urnsngtdr dgtn ni rnatfr, ids pntkakfgns qun afgskmnrn gnansdrkds pdrd prftnonr ifs mnrnalfs mn ifs nstumkdgtns y jdakiktdr ni au`pik`kngtf mn sus mncnrns.
•
Audgmf if afgskmnrn gnansdrkf dpnidr dgtn ni Afgsnhf Mkrnatkvf ids mnakskfgns mni rnatfr rnspnatf d ids pntkakfgns prnsngtdmds pfr su kgtnr`nmkf.
•
Nstdr dtngtf di au`pik`kngtf mni @DG^DI MN AFGZKZNGAKD. Znidr pfrqun ni nstumkdgtn datøn afg ikcnrtdm mn afgakngakd.
•
Dsnsfrdr afg arktnrkf snrkf di nstumkdgtn sdgakfgdmf f qun quknrd jfr`uidr diougd qunhd dgtn ids dutfrkmdmns rnspnatkvds.
•
Urf`fvnr dgtn ni Ofcknrgf Nsafidr if qun nstk`n afgvngkngtn pdrd `nhfrdr id Kgstktuakñg.
•
Mngugakdr dgtn ids dutfrkmdmns nmuadtkvds ifs lnalfs qun punmdg snr afgstktutkvfs mn vkfidakñg d id iny. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
1=
•
Kgtnrvngkr af`f afgakikdmfr ngtrn mkrnatkvds, prfjnsfrns y nstumkdgtns audgmf sn prnsngtn dioøg afgjikatf2 doftdgmf skn`prn ni afgmuatf rnouidr ng prfaurd mn afgarntds sfiuakfgns dmnaudmds.
•
Urf`fvnr nspdakfs y mkgä`kads pdrd id afgstruaakñg mn vdifrns y prfpunstds mn afgvkvngakd.
>.=.4.=.1
U NSJKI
Qnr pnrsfgnrf/d nxkon, datktum, ikmnrdzof, au`pik`kngtf, rnspfgsdckikmdm y mnakskñg pdrd nhnranr ids präatkads mn`farätkads nmuadtkvds qun pnr`ktdg id afgstruaakñg mn ugd auiturd mn id pdrtkakpdakñg akumdmdgd. Qn afgvknrtng ng dspnatfs aidvns pdrd jf`ngtdrids.
•
Mnstdadrsn ng ids audikmdmns mni Unrjki Diu`gf/d Kgtnordi.
•
Dsu`kr ug ikmnrdzof pfsktkvf ng cusad mn `nhfrdr id afgvkvngakd ng id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd.
•
]ngnr nspàrktu aàvkaf.
•
Qnr `fmnif mn tfinrdgakd, rnspntf, rnspfgsdckikmdm y au`pik`kngtf mni mncnr.
•
]ngnr cungds rnidakfgns afg ifs mkjnrngtns `kn`crfs mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd.
•
]ngnr afgfak`kngtf mni @dgudi mn Afgvkvngakd Nsafidr.
•
Urf`fvnr ni au`pik`kngtf mn ifs mncnrns y mnrnalfs mn ifs/ds nstumkdgtns.
•
Gf tngnr jditds mksakpikgdrkds.
•
]ngnr `uy cung afgfak`kngtf mni `dgudi mn afgvkvngakd y au`pikr sus gfr`ds.
>.=.4.=.=
S NT^KQK]FQ
Qnr nstumkdgtn mn id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd afg `dtràauid inodi vkongtn, afg di `ngfs mfs (3) dôfs af`f nstumkdgtn mn id `ks`d. Kgsarkckrsn af`f adgmkmdtf dgtn ni mfangtn rnspfgsdcin mni prfynatf mn Mn`fardakd y prnsngtdr d id rnatfràd su prfynatf f prfpunstd mn trdcdhf.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
1>
>.>
AFG]N\]F KGQ]K]^AKFGDI
>.>.4
>.>.4.4
Dgäiksks Mni @darf Afgtnxtf
1
A FG]N\]F M N@FOSÄJKAF
Id akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd, Mkstrktf ]uràstkaf, Auiturdi n Lkstñrkaf y adpktdi mni mnpdrtd`ngtf mn @domdingd, nstä uckadmd di gfrtn mn Afif`ckd d frkiids mn ugd ordg cdlàd mni @dr Adrkcn. Ns id akumdm `äs dgtkoud mn Afif`ckd, jun jugmdmd pfr Sfmrkof mn Cdstkmds ni 3; mn huikf mn 4>3>.
Ni Mkstrktf mn Qdgtd @drtd nstä mkvkmkmf ng trns ifadikmdmns ng id zfgd urcdgd, y ng audtrf afrrnok`kngtfs ng id zfgd rurdi8 Cfgmd, Odkrd, ]dodgod y @kgad. Ifs afrrnok`kngtfs nstäg d pfafs bkiñ`ntrfs mn id adpktdi, ]dodgod d 1 b`, Cfgmd d 4> b`, y @kgad d 35 b`.
Ni ärnd mni Mkstrktf ns mn 31;.11> lnatärnds, mn ids audins 333.?41 sfg rurdins y 4:.:33 urcdgds. 44?.;?> lnatärnds sfg mn nafgf`àd ad`pnskgd (^@D]D 355?). Ni snatfr rurdi mn Qdgtd @drtd sn uckad prkgakpdi`ngtn ng id Qknrrd Gnvdmd mn Qdgtd @drtd, id audi sn adrdatnrkzd pfr pfsnnr vdrknmdm mn pksfs tër`kafs, afg diturds qun fsakidg ngtrn 5 `ntrfs di gkvni mni `dr d >.:55 `ntrfs. Nxkstng rnsoudrmfs kgmàongds ifadikzdmfs ng id Qknrrd Gnvdmd mn Qdgtd @drtd, afgjfr`dmfs pfr ifs orupfs ëtgkafs Bfouk, Drdludafs y @didyfs (Drsdrkfs f _kwds). Mn daunrmf afg ifs mdtfs mni Angsf 355>, sn dutfrrnafgfaknrfg af`f kgmàongds =.5>> pnrsfgds y af`f djrfmnsangmkngtns 15.;=;.
Id pfcidakñg mn Qdgtd @drtd, snoøg ids prfynaakfgns nidcfrdmds pfr ni MDGN, iinoñ ng 3543 d =:4.;55 ldcktdgtns, (=;% sfg lf`crns y ni >4% `uhnrns), if qun rnprnsngtd ug 4,5% mn id pfcidakñg mn Afif`ckd. Id tdsd dgudi mn arnak`kngtf pfcidakfgdi4 mn Qdgtd @drtd ns 1,4:%, `kngtrds qun ni arnak`kngtf mni mnpdrtd`ngtf y mni pdàs sn uckad ng 3,44% pfr akng y 4,<<%, rnspnatkvd`ngtn. Ns mnakr, id akumdm nstä arnakngmf `ualf `äs räpkmf qun ni rnstf mni @domdingd y mni prf`nmkf gdakfgdi.
1
]f`dmf mn8 Qdgtd @drtd 3543. Nstdmf mn dvdgan mn ifs Fchntkvfs mn Mnsdrrfiif mni @kingkf
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
1:
Id mkstrkcuakñg mn id pfcidakñg pfr ärnd y snxf, `unstrd ug af`pfrtd`kngtf `uy sk`kidr ng ids øitk`ds mëadmds8 afgangtrdakñg mn ldcktdgtns ng adcnanrd (;3,>%) y cdhd pfcidakñg ng ni ärnd mngf`kgdmd rnstf (?,>%). Qfif Qdgtd @drtd dicnrod ni 1?,>% mn id pfcidakñg tftdi y ni =;,?% mn id qun ldcktd ng adcnanrds. Nstd sktudakñg rnjinhd ngtrn ftrds afsds, ni njnatf mn id `kordakñg mn id pfcidakñg rurdi ng ifs øitk`fs dôfs.
>%
=;% >4%
;>% Snstf
Adcnanrd
@uhnrns
Lf`crns
]DCID 4. MKQ]SKC^AKFG UFCIDAKFGDI UFS DSND
]DCID 3. MKQ]SKC^AKÑG UFCIDAKFGDI UFS QN\F
>.>.4.3
M KGÄ@KAD N AFGÑ@KAD
Id prkgakpdi datkvkmdm mnsdrrfiidmd ng Qdgtd @drtd ns ni turks`f, ng id audi sn ngaungtrd id kgvnrskñg nafgñ`kad `äs skogkjkadtkvd yd qun ng ni Mkstrktf id fjnrtd mn iuodrns gdturdins y drtkjkakdins ns d`pikd y mn kgtnrës tdgtf pdrd ni turkstd gdakfgdi af`f kgtnrgdakfgdi. Id zfgd afstnrd, d su vnz, pfr sus afgmkakfgns lkstñrkads, gdturdins y su nxucnrdgtn pdksdhn jdakiktd gf sfif ni mnsdrrfiif turàstkaf, skgf td`ckëg dorfkgmustrkdi, af`nrakdi y pfrtudrkf.
Id rnokñg sn nspnakdikzd ng ni auitkvf mn cdgdgf (dprfx. 4.>>5 lnatärnds y snks prfmuatfrns) y td`ckëg prfmuan adjë (=.==> lnatärnds ng ni mngf`kgdmf Mkstrktf adjntnrf, afg ugfs 3.555 prfmuatfrns) y ng `ngfr nsadid yuad, ôd`n, jrkhfi, tf`dtn y jrutdins. Id odgdmnràd sn cdsd ng id nxpiftdakñg nxtngskvd pdrd ni dprfvnald`kngtf mn adrgn y inaln. Koudi`ngtn sn mnstdad pfr ni duon rnakngtn ni snatfr dvàafid. Id datkvkmdm kgmustrkdi ns rnmuakmd, y sn cdsd prkgakpdi`ngtn ng id jdcrkadakñg mn dik`ngtfs n`cutkmfs y afgsnrvds y id `dgujdaturd mn `dtnrkdins mn afgstruaakñg (dzuinhfs y idmrkiifs). Id nafgf`àd kgjfr`di ld afcrdmf k`pfrtdgakd ng ifs øitk`fs dôfs mdmf ni ditf gkvni mn mnsn`pinf2 id `dyfr pdrtn mn id nafgf`àd kgjfr`di sn uckad ng ni af`nrakf mn dik`ngtfs.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
1?
Id nafgf`àd ad`pnskgd nstä af`punstd pfr ugd dorkauiturd af`nrakdi y ugd pdrd id sucskstngakd, ns mnakr ugd pdrtn pdrd vngmnr y ugd pdrd afgsu`f jd`kikdr. Nstfs auitkvfs nstäg ifadikzdmfs ng ids idmnrds mn id Qknrrd, afg gkvnins tnagfiñokafs `nmkfs f cdhfs. Ni auitkvf prnmf`kgdgtn ns ni adjë, dugqun su prfmuaakñg ns af`pdrdtkvd`ngtn cdhd ng rnidakñg d ifs gkvnins mn prfmuaakñg gdakfgdi, rnprnsngtd ugd jungtn mn kgornsfs pdrd ifs ad`pnskgfs mn id rnokñg. Id nafgf`àd mn sucskstngakd sn afgangtrd ng diougfs prfmuatfs af`f8 gdrdghd, iuif, tf`dtn mn ärcfi, diougds lfrtdikzds, `dàz, jràhfi, yuad, odgdmf fvkgf, adprkgf y diougfs cfvkgfs. Datudi`ngtn ifs ckf`ds (afghugtf mn nafskstn`ds adrdatnràstkaf mn ugd zfgd onforäjkad) ldg skmf ditnrdmfs, (4>% snoøg ^@D]D 355?) ns mnakr qun sn afgsnrvdg dpngds ugfs akngtfs mn lnatärnds ng cfsquns prk`drkfs y ditf ordmf mn ngmn`ks`f (snoøg nstd `ks`d jungtn8 nxkstng :55 oëgnrfs cftägkafs, 1.555 nspnakns mn pidgtds y >4= nspnakns mn dvns. Ng id Qknrrd ldy mkvnrsds nspnakns ngmë`kads mn jifrd y jdugd, ns mnakr, qun sfif sn ngaungtrd ng nstd pdrtn mni pidgntd. Id sktudakñg nafgñ`kad y sfakdi mni Mkstrktf sn vn djnatdmd pfr ni ad`ckf mni adumdi mn ifs ràfs, id audi pnrhumkad ids datkvkmdmns dorfpnaudrkds n kgmustrkdins.
>.>.4.1
M NQN@UNÔF J KQADI
Ni àgmkan mn mnsn`pnôf jksadi `kmn id adpdakmdm mn ids ngtkmdmns tnrrktfrkdins pdrd dutfjkgdgakdr su jugakfgd`kngtf. Qnoøg rnsuitdmfs mni mnsn`pnôf jksadi d gkvni `ugkakpdi pdrd ni pnrkfmf 355<-355;, Qdgtd @drtd afg ugd adikjkadakñg mn ?1,>; (ng ugd nsadid mn 5 d 455 mfgmn 455 ns id `nhfr adikjkadakñg), sn ngaungtrd ng ni punstf ;4 d gkvni gdakfgdi, qun pfr tdgtf if uckad mngtrf mn ifs prk`nrfs 455 `ugkakpkfs mn `nhfr mnsn`pnôf y dmn`äs faupd ni tnranr iuodr ng ni nsadidjñg mn adpktdins mnpdrtd`ngtdins.
Ng ids snks vdrkdcins mn `nmkakñg pdrd id afgstruaakñg mni Àgmkan, Qdgtd @drtd rnpfrtñ ni skoukngtn pugtdhn8
4. Ufrangtdhn mn kgornsfs afrrkngtns mnstkgdmfs d jugakfgd`kngtf (>;,3<) 3. @dogktum mn id mnumd (=,55) 1. Ufrangtdhn mn kgornsfs qun afrrnspfgmng d trdgsjnrngakds (:;,1=) =. Ufrangtdhn mn kgornsfs qun afrrnspfgmng d rnaursfs prfpkfs (34,) >. Ufrangtdhn mni odstf tftdi mnstkgdmf d kgvnrskñg (;4,3=) :. Adpdakmdm mn dlfrrf (:=,)
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
1<
>.>.4.=
A F@UN]K]KZKMDM
Mn daunrmf afg ni Kgmkadmfr Oifcdi mn Af`pntktkvkmdm 355<, adiauidmf pfr ni Fcsnrvdtfrkf mni Adrkcn pdrd ids akumdmns mni Adrkcn afif`ckdgf, Qdgtd @drtd sn uckañ ng id pfskakñg 4< mni ikstdmf mn akumdmns mn Afif`ckd, pfr ngak`d mn ftrds akumdmns mn id rnokñg af`f @fgtnràd, Zdiinmupdr, Qkganinhf y Skfldald2 pnrf supnrdmf pfr ni rnstf mn ids akumdmns adpktdins dgdikzdmds (sn nxaiuyng ids adpktdins mn ifs mnpdrtd`ngtfs uckadmfs ng D`dzfgkd y Frkgfqukd, d ids audins gf sn ins adiauid ni kgmkadmfr mn af`pntktkvkmdm).
Ni Kgmkadmfr oifcdi `kmn ifs skoukngtns jdatfrns8 rnaursf lu`dgf, jfrtdinzd nafgñ`kad, jkgdgzds, ofcknrgf n kgstktuakfgns, onstkñg n`prnsdrkdi, kgjrdnstruaturd, akngakd y tnagfifoàd, y `nmkf d`ckngtn n kgtnrgdakfgdikzdakñg. Ifs prkgakpdins mnsdjàfs mn Qdgtd @drtd sn mdg ng ifs jdatfrns mn rnaursf lu`dgf, jfrtdinzd nafgñ`kad y jkgdgzds, mfgmn tkngn ifs pugtdhns `äs ditfs =2 ns mnakr pdrd nstfs jdatfrns faupd ifs øitk`fs iuodrns ng ni nsadidjñg mn ids 33 akumdmns afgskmnrdmds ng ni nstumkf (Fcsnrvdtfrkf mni Adrkcn, 355<).
>.>.4.>
I D A K^MDM MN Q DG ]D @ DS ]D JS NG ]N D IF Q FM@
FM@
@ntd mn 354>
FM@ 48 Nrrdmkadr Id pfcrnzd nxtrn`d y ni Ld`crn
Ufrangtdhn mn Gkôfs afg cdhf pnsf di gdanr
FM@ 38 Ifordr id Nmuadakñg Cäskad ^gkvnrsdi
Id afcnrturd nmuadtkvd cäskad. Snmuaakñg mni dgdijdcntks`f ng pfcidakñg afg 4>-3= dôfs. Id Snpktngakd mks`kguyñ y nstä adsk ng ni vdifr mn id `ntd gdakfgdi. Dôfs prf`nmkf mn nmuadakñg
Snzdof mn ifs Urf`nmkfs Gdakfgdins f ng Sntrfansf
Snzdof Qkogkjkadtkvf mn ids @ntds FM@
]dsd mn Mnsn`pinf
Ufcrnzd `uitkmk`ngskfgdi, Crnalds GCK `ugkakpdi Mnsgutrkakñg kgjdgtki (nspnakdi`ngtn id mn cdhf pnsf pdrd id nmdm y rntrdsf ng tdiid).
Afcnrturd crutd ng nmuadakñg `nmkd
Dgdijdcntks`f tftdi (pfcidakñg > dôfs y `ds) crnalds kgtnr`ugkakpdins Snzdof ng nmuadakñg `nmkd y pnr`dgngakd mn crnalds kgtnr`ugkakpdins, Sntrfansf ng trdgskakñg, adikmdm mn id nmuadakñg y crnalds mn adikmdm sn `dgtkngng.
Ng ni aäiauif mni àgmkan admd kgmkadmfr tf`d ug vdifr af`prngmkmf ngtrn 4 y 33, ng mfgmn 4 skogkjkad qun ns id akumdm qun prnsngtd id `nhfr sktudakñg ng nsn kgmkadmfr ( (Fcsnrvdtfrkf mni Adrkcn, 355<, päo. 4?) =
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
1;
FM@ 18 Urf`fvnr id dutfgf`àd mn ids `uhnrns y id nqukmdm mn oëgnrf
Gkgougf
Zkfingakd mn pdrnhd (snxudi y jàskad)
FM@ =8 Snmuakr id @frtdikmdm Kgjdgtki
Gkgougf
@frtdikmdm ng `ngfrns mn 4 y > dôfs. Zdaugdakñg mn id pfcidakñg kgjdgtki.
FM@ >8 @nhfrdr id Qdium @dtnrgd
Dtngakñg kgstktuakfgdi mni pdrtf y dtngakñg mni pdrtf pfr pnrsfgdi adikjkadmf.
@frtdikmdm `dtnrgd. Ufrangtdhn mn dmfinsangtns n`cdrdzdmds. Ufrangtdhn mn gdakmfs vkvfs afg audtrf f `äs afgtrfins prngdtdins. Urnvdingakd mn usf mn `ëtfmfs `fmnrgfs mn dgtkafganpakñg ng ids `uhnrns datudi`ngtn ugkmds f qun nstäg ng n`cdrdzf. @frtdikmdm dsfakdmd d aäganr mn auniif utnrkgf Ufrangtdhn mn trdgs`kskñg `dtnrgf kgjdgtki mni ZKL
FM@ :8 Af`cdtkr ni ZKL/Qkmd, id `didrkd y ftrds ngjnr`nmdmns
@unrtns pfr mngoun y `didrkd
Kgakmngakd mn id `didrkd y ni mngoun.
Zkfingakd skafiñokad, Faupdakñg mn id `uhnr ng adrofs mkrnatkvfs.
Urnvdingakd mn kgjnaakñg pfr ZKL/Qkmd.
FM@ ?8 Odrdgtkzdr id sfstngkckikmdm mni `nmkf d`ckngtn
Afcnrturd mn daunmuatf y diadgtdrkiidmf. Crnalds urcdgf-rurdins n Kgtnr`ugkakpdins
FM@ <8 Jf`ngtdr ugd sfaknmdm `ugmkdi pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif
Cdhf daansf d kgtnrgnt. ]DCID 1. QDG]D @DS]D ZS FCHN]KZFQ FM@
>.>.4.:
U FCSNXD [ UFCSNXD N\]SN@D NG
Q DG ]D @ DS ]D
Mn daunrmf afg ids akjrds pucikadmds rnakngtn`ngtn pfr ni MDGN, ng tfmf ni pdàs sn fcsnrvd murdgtn id øitk`d mëadmd ugd tngmngakd ldakd id mks`kguakñg mn id kgakmngakd mn id pfcrnzd y mn id pfcrnzd nxtrn`d. Ng 3544 ni 1=,4% mn ifs afif`ckdgfs vkvàdg ng afgmkakfgns mn pfcrnzd, `kngtrds qun ng 3553 mkalf pfrangtdhn nrd mni =;,?%. Ufr su pdrtn, id pfcrnzd nxtrn`d sn rnmuhf ng ni `ks`f pnràfmf mn 4?,?% di 45,:%, afg if audi dirnmnmfr mn 1,> `kiifgns mn pnrsfgds mnhdrfg nstä afgmkakñg.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=5
Id mks`kguakñg mn id pfcrnzd sn mkf mn `dgnrd `äs `dradmd ng ids adcnanrds ng mfgmn cdhñ ng xx pugtfs pfrangtudins ngtrn 3553 y 3544, `kngtrds qun ng ni rnstf id rnmuaakñg jun mn xx pugtfs. Gf fcstdgtn, di mnsdornodr id nvfiuakñg mn id pfcrnzd ng ids adcnanrds sn tkngn qun ëstd sn ld afgangtrdmf ng ids ordgmns akumdmns y sus ärnds `ntrfpfiktdgds, `kngtrds qun pdrd ni afghugtf mn ids ftrds adcnanrds (ngtrn ids qun sn ngaungtrd Qdgtd @drtd), id rnmuaakñg ld skmf `ngfs `dradmd, af`pdrägmfsn afg id fcsnrvdmd pdrd ni snatfr rurdi. Ufr mnpdrtd`ngtfs, id kgakmngakd mn id pfcrnzd ng ni @domdingd sn rnmuhf mn :>,14% ng 3553 d ><,5<% ng 3545%:. Nstf quknrn mnakr qun ng ni @domdingd :;?.<53,<3 pnrsfgds vkvàdg afg kgornsfs `ngsudins kgjnrkfrns d $4.5:1 pnsfs, qun ns ni vdifr mn id iàgnd mn pfcrnzd pdrd nsn dôf (MDGN, 3545). Udrd ni pnrkfmf 3545 ‑ 3544, id pfcrnzd ng Qdgtd @drtd sn rnmuhf mn =5,35% d 1<,11%, if audi nqukvdin d mnakr qun >.?15 pnrsfgds mnhdrfg mn snr pfcrns ng mkalf dôf.
Udrd ni dôf 354>, id akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd, ns id tnranrd adpktdi `äs pfcrn mn Afif`ckd, supnrdmd sfif pfr Tukcmñ y Skfldald. >
>.>.4.?
M NQN@UINF
^gd mn ids adusds nstruaturdins mn id pfcrnzd nstä rnidakfgdmd afg dspnatfs nafgñ`kafs, pfiàtkafs y sfakdins qun gf pnr`ktng d ids pnrsfgds `äs pfcrns daanmnr d n`pinfs mn adikmdm afg rn`ugnrdakñg dmnaudmd. Ufr nstf, ng nstd `ntd sn ldan snouk`kngtf d id tdsd mn mnsn`pinf, kgmkadmfr qun `kmn id rnidakñg ngtrn ni gø`nrf mn pnrsfgds qun nstäg cusadgmf trdcdhf y ni gø`nrf mn pnrsfgds qun kgtnordg id junrzd idcfrdi.
D gkvni gdakfgdi, ng 3544 sn fcsnrvd ugd tdsd mn mnsn`pinf mn 45,<%, if audi rnprnsngtd ugd `nhfràd rnspnatf di pnrkfmf dgtnrkfr. (35458 44,?%) Ng ni adsf mn @domdingd sn fcsnrvd ugd rnaupnrdakñg mni `nradmf idcfrdi d pdrtkr mn 355<, audgmf ldy ug du`ngtf mn id tdsd mn faupdakñg y ugd rnmuaakñg mni mnsn`pinf, qun sn uckad ng ni <,1%, dikgndmf afg id `ntd prfpunstd pdrd 354>. Nstf ns afgskstngtn afg ids cdhds tdsds mn pdrtkakpdakñg
>
¶Añ`f in jun d Afif`ckd afg ifs fchntkvfs mni @kingkf6 Nspnakdi mn Ni ]kn`pf. @dyf 4? mn 354>. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=4
idcfrdi, ns mnakr, id prfpfrakñg mn pnrsfgds `dyfrns mn 43 dôfs qun nstä trdcdhdmf f cusadgmf trdcdhf (FK], 355;, päos. 4=-4>)
Qnoøg mdtfs mn id FK] (FK], 355;, päo. 41), mn ifs ==.51> mnsn`pindmfs rnpfrtdmfs ng 355;, 13.413 nrdg ansdgtns (ns mnakr, ldcàdg pnrmkmf ug n`pinf prnvkf), `kngtrds ifs mn`äs nstdcdg cusadgmf ug n`pinf pfr prk`nrd vnz.
Qnoøg ifs mdtfs mn ifs trk`nstrns mn huikf-snptkn`crn mn 355? ldstd 3544, id tdsd mn pdrtkakpdakñg, ns mnakr, id prfpfrakñg mn pnrsfgds `dyfrns mn 43 dôfs qun nstdcd trdcdhdgmf f cusadgmf n`pinf ng ni Mkstrktf mn Qdgtd @drtd sn uckañ ng >;,? `uy pfr mncdhf mni prf`nmkf gdakfgdi mn :1,1% y mni tftdi mn ids 3= akumdmns (::,3%).
Nstd `ngfr pdrtkakpdakñg ng ni `nradmf idcfrdi mn id pfcidakñg ng nmdm mn trdcdhdr mn Qdgtd @drtd, sn nxpikad pfr8
•
]dsds mn faupdakñg cdhds di af`pdrdrids afg ni tftdi gdakfgdi y afg ni tftdi ids 3= akumdmns, dsà id tdsd mn faupdakñg mn Qdgtd @drtd pdrd ni trk`nstrn huikf-snptkn`crn mn 3544 sn uckañ ng >1,>% qun gfs kgmkad id prfpfrakñg mn id pfcidakñg ng nmdm datkvd qun njnatkvd`ngtn trdcdhd, nstd tdsd qunmñ d 1,3 pugtfs pfrangtudins mn id gdakfgdi y d >,> mni tftdi mn ids 3= akumdmns.
•
@ngfr gø`nrf mn mnsfaupdmfs, ns mnakr `ngfs pnrsfgds qun d pnsdr mn nstdr ng nmdm y adpdakmdm mn trdcdhdr, gf nstäg cusadgmf n`pinf.
>.>.4.<
K GJFS@DIKMDM
Qk ckng id tdsds mn mnsn`pinf ng id akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd prnsngtd ugd tngmngakd mnsangmngtn mnsmn 355<, ’trds nstd akjrd sn nsafgmng ifs prfcin`ds mn n`pinfs mn cdhd adikmdm, ni sucn`pinf y id kgjfr`dikmdm,
sktudakfgns nvkmngtns ng ids adiins y cdrrkfs mni Mkstrktf. Ni snatfr kgjfr`di ld arnakmf af`f rnspunstd d id jditd mn ditnrgdtkvds mn n`pinf ng id akumdm, pdrd ifs rnskmngtns dgtkoufs y pdrd ifs ldcktdgtns qun iinodg mnspidzdmfs pfr mkjnrngtns adusds‐ (Diadimàd mn Qdgtd @drtd, 3543, päo. 3;).
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=3
>.>.4.;
>.>.4.;.4
N M^ADAKÑG
A FCNS]^SD
Ng id akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd ids tdsds mn afcnrturd vkngng du`ngtdgmf ingtd`ngtn mnsmn 355>. Ni kgarn`ngtf mn id afcnrturd sn punmn dtrkcukr d ug du`ngtf mn id `dtràauid f d ugd rnmuaakñg mni vfiu`ng mn id pfcidakñg ng nmdm nsafidr. Id nvfiuakñg mn id `dtràauid pfr gkvni nmuadtkvf mn Qdgtd @drtd `unstrd ad`ckfs k`pfrtdgtns ng id tngmngakd8 id prk`drkd arnan y id d`pikdakñg mn id fjnrtd sn n`pknzd d afgangtrdr ng ifs mn`äs gkvnins.
Ni Uidg mn Mnsdrrfiif 3543-354= ’Qdgtd @drtd, nqukmdm pdrd tfmfs ‑ Urk`nrf ifs gkôfs y ids gkôds‐ pidgtnd qun id mnsnrakñg nsafidr ng nmuadakñg `nmkd punmn nxpikadrsn pfr ’id mns`ftkvdakñg ngtrn ifs hñvngns mn pnr`dgnanr ng ug skstn`d pfaf pnrtkgngtn y `drokgdmf mn ids fpakfgns mn ngodgaln faupdakfgdi‐ (Diadimàd
mn Qdgtd @drtd, 3543, päo. 3;), nstf su`dmf afg ids ditds tdsds mn mnsn`pinf mn id akumdm iinvd d qun id jfr`dakñg pdrd ni n`pinf dpdrnzad af`f ugd prkfrkmdm pdrd id akumdm.
>.>.4.;.3
D IJDCN]KXDAKÑG
Ni prford`d mn Dijdcntkzdakñg ng ifs dôfs 3543, 3541 y 354= ld dijdcntkzdmf ug tftdi mn 4:5<5 pnrsfgds, sfcrnpdsdgmf id `ntd mni audtrkngkf 3543 ‑ 354> ng ni dôf 354=, pfr if audi ni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi Mnarntf d Qdgtd @drtd ]nrrktfrkf Ikcrn mn Dgdijdcntks`f ng ni dôf, supnrdgmf id `ntd ng ug 43;%.
>.>.4.;.1
U NS@DGNGAKD
Ng audgtf d ifs dôfs prf`nmkf mn nmuadakñg, Qdgtd @drtd tkngn ;,;; dôfs, akjrd dpdrngtn`ngtn anradgd d id `ntd FM@ mn 45,:1 dôfs. Qkg n`cdrof, id akumdm ngjrngtd døg ug ordg mnsdjàf ng nstn tn`d sk sn afgskmnrd id tngmngakd lkstñrkad mn Afif`ckd, qun mn`unstrd qun sfg gnansdrkfs dprfxk`dmd`ngtn mknz dôfs pdrd du`ngtdr ug dôf mn nsafidrkmdm prf`nmkf mn id pfcidakñg tftdi. Qdgtd @drtd faupd ni tnranr iuodr mngtrf mni nsadidjñg mn ids falf akumdmns adpktdins mn id rnokñg Adrkcn, skngmf supnrdmd pfr Cdrrdgqukiid -qun yd diadgzñ id `ntd FM@ (45,:> dôfs)- y pfr Adrtdongd (45,15 dôfs).
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=1
>.>.4.;.=
S NUN]KAKÑG
Id tdsd mn rnpntkakñg ns ugd `nmkmd mn id njkakngakd mni skstn`d nmuadtkvf, yd qun id rnpntkakñg di koudi qun id nxtrdnmdm, skogkjkadg id përmkmd mn rnaursfs jkgdgaknrfs y mn aupfs nmuadtkvfs pdrd ftrfs diu`gfs. Dmkakfgdi`ngtn, kgakmn sfcrn id mnsnrakñg nsafidr, yd qun id rnpntkakñg rnjunrzd ni aàrauif vkakfsf mn ids cdhds nxpnatdtkvds, ni cdhf rngmk`kngtf, id cdhd dutfnstk`d y ni jrdadsf nsafidr. (]frrns, 4;;>).
Qnoøg mdtfs mn id Qnarntdràd mn Nmuadakñg mn Qdgtd @drtd pdrd 355<, sfif ni :4% mn ids pnrsfgds qun kgkakdg prk`drkd ifordg kgornsdr d id snaugmdrkd, ni 14% id `nmkd y sfif ni 3?% iford ordmudrsn af`f cdalkiinr. Ni gø`nrf mn gkôfs qun kgornsd di ordmf mn trdgskakñg ns ditf, id nmuadakñg cäskad snaugmdrkd (= ordmfs) mncnràd skogkjkadr anrad mn ug <5% mn id cäskad prk`drkd sk gf nxkstknrd mnsnrakñg, if audi kgmkad qun anrad mni <>% ng Qdgtd @drtd mncnràd daanmnr d id cäskad snaugmdrkd y daanmn ni ?3%. Id nmuadakñg `nmkd mncnràd snr ug >5% mn id cäskad snaugmdrkd, skngmf cdhf ni gø`nrf mn dmfinsangtns qun diadgzdg nstn gkvni ng ni mnpdrtd`ngtf (:1%) y ng Qdgtd @drtd (?3%). Ng id Kiustrdakñg 3> sn prnsngtd id nvfiuakñg mn ids tdsds mn rnpntkakñg mn Qdgtd @drtd ngtrn 3553 y 355;, ng mfgmn sn mnstdad qun ni prfcin`d sn afgangtrd nspnakdi`ngtn ng ifs gkvnins mn snaugmdrkd y `nmkd, ng id zfgd rurdi y afg `dyfrns tdsds ng ni snatfr fjkakdi. Ns gnansdrkf mnstdadr id rnmuaakñg mn id rnpktngakd ngtrn 3553 y 355;, jugmd`ngtdi`ngtn ng snaugmdrkd qun pdsñ mn ?,<% d 3,5%, ns mnakr ugd rnmuaakñg mni frmng mni ?>%, `kngtrds qun ng `nmkd sn pdsñ mn 1,? d 3,4 ns mnakr ugd mks`kguakñg mni =1% pdrd nstn `ks`f snatfr fjkakdi rurdi.
Afg ni Urford`d ]fmfs di Afinokf mni Uidg mn Mnsdrrfiif Mkstrktdi 3543- --354> Nqukmdm pdrd tfmfs ’Urk`nrf ifs gkôfs y ids gkôds‐ sn cusad Odrdgtkzdr ni mnrnalf di daansf y pnr`dgnaàd mn gkôfs, gkôds y dmfinsangtns ngtrn
ifs > y 4? dôfs mn nmdm di skstn`d, nmuadtkvf fjkakdi mni Mkstrktf mn Qdgtd @drtd mn `dgnrd ordtuktd y ng afgmkakfgns mn adikmdm y njkakngakd nmuadtkvd. Af`f td`ckëg d ifs gkôfs, gkôds y hñvngns qun sn ngaungtrdg ng nxtrdnmdm y sn cngnjkakdg mn ifs mkjnrngtns `fmnifs nmuadtkvfs jinxkcins fjrnakmfs pfr ni skstn`d nmuadtkvf Mkstrktdi. Udrd ifordr nstd `ntd id dm`kgkstrdakñg Mkstrktdi ld mntnr`kgdmf ni gf afcrf pfr gkgoøg afganptf mn id adgdstd nmuadtkvd fjrnakmf d ifs gkôfs, gkôds, hñvngns qun kgornsng f nstëg skngmf dtngmkmfs ng ni skstn`d nmuadtkvf fjkakdi Mkstrktdi.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
==
Ng ni dôf 354= sn ldg cngnjkakdmf afg ordtukmdm tftdi di 455% mn ifs nstumkdgtns `dtrkauidmfs mn anrf d 44 ordmf y ifs nstumkdgtns mn `fmnifs jinxkcins af`f Daninrdakñg mni Dprngmkzdhn, Akrauif mn Dprngmkzdhn, Orupfs Huvngkins Arndtkvfs, Nspnrn y, Darnanr.
>.>.4.;.>
M NQN@UNÔF NG US^NCDQ NQ]DGMDSKXDMDQ
Di af`pdrdr ni mnsn`pnôf mni @domdingd ng ids pruncds mn Nstdmf qun nvdiudrfg id nmuadakñg cäskad ngtrn 3555, 3551 y 355;, sn punmn djkr`dr qun ifs afinokfs `domdingngsns diadgzdrfg gkvnins skogkjkadtkvd`ngtn kgjnrkfrns qun ids mni tftdi mn id rnokñg y ni pdàs (Sf`nrf, 355:). Dmkakfgdi`ngtn ifs pugtdhns ng @domdingd sfg kgjnrkfrns (3>5) qun ni prf`nmkf gdakfgdi (155). Mn daunrmf afg ni Uidg mn mnsdrrfiif 3543- 354>, if `ks`f suanmn ng id akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd, mfgmn ? mn admd 45 kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds rnsuitdrfg aidskjkadmds ng ifs gkvnins `äs cdhfs mn rngmk`kngtf dadmë`kaf snoøg ifs rnsuitdmfs mn ids pruncds KAJNQ mni dôf 3545 (Diadimàd mn Qdgtd @drtd, 3543, päo. 3;).
Ng ni 3545 tdg sfif mfs kgstktuakfgns fjkakdins mni Mkstrktf diadgzdrfg ni nsadidjñg mn ditf ng ids pruncds mn daansf d id nmuadakñg supnrkfr ng Afif`ckd, :1 kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds sn uckadrfg ng ni gkvni mn kgjnrkfr y 3; afinokfs ng id adtnofràd `uy cdhf. Di afgtnxtf dgtnrkfr sn su`dg prfcin`ds mn adrngakd y `dgtngk`kngtf mn kgjrdnstruaturd dsà af`f mnjkakngakds ng ni daansf y id afcnrturd. Udrd ni dôf 354>, id akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd nstä ngtrn ids akumdmns afg `äs cdhf mnsn`pnôf ng ids pruncds, supnrd øgkad`ngtn d Tukcmñ.
>.>.3
>.>.3.4
Dgäiksks Mni @karf Afgtnxtf
A DS DA ]N SÀ Q] KA DQ Q FAKDINQ , N M^AD]KZDQ [ N AFGÑ@KADQ M N I D A F@^GKMDM
Ifs Cdrrkfs dgnxfs d ids snmns mn id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, sfg ng su `dyfràd pnrtngnakngtns d nstrdtfs ugf y mfs, ugd `kgfràd skogkjkadtkvd ns mnskogdmd af`f pfcidakñg mn adrdatnràstkads sucgfr`dins.
Ng ni dôf 3541, Id ugkvnrskmdm mni @domdingd ng dsfakf afg Diadimàd Mkstrktdi mn Qdgtd @drtd, Mnpdrtd`ngtf Gdakfgdi mn Uidgndakñg, Mnpdrtd`ngtf pdrd id Urfspnrkmdm Qfakdi ‑ MUQ y su ^gkmdm tnrrktfrkdi, Snm ^gkmfs,
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=>
^gkvnrskmdm mni @domdingd y UG^M, Sndikzd ug nstumkf sfakfnafgñ`kaf mn id pfcidakñg adikjkadmd ng ifs nstrdtfs ugf, mfs y afg adrdatnràstkads sucgfr`dins, y ngafgtrdrfg ifs skoukngtns ldiidzofs8
Ni ;5% mn id pfcidakñg pfsnn dioøg gkvni mn nstumkfs, `kngtrds qun ug ;% gf sdcn innr gk nsarkckr. Mni tftdi mn ngaunstdmfs, ni 1>% dmuang gf rndikzdr dioøg tkpf mn nstumkfs pfrqun gnansktdg mnmkadr nsn tkn`pf d trdcdhdr pdrd `dgtngnr d sus jd`kikds, `kngtrds qun ug 35% dsnourñ qun id prkgakpdi rdzñg ns qun mncng ngadrodrsn mn idcfrns mf`ëstkads y mni aukmdmf mn gkôfs y dgakdgfs. Ng rnidakñg di pdrngtnsaf afg ni hnjn mn lfodr, ni :1,1% mn ifs ngaunstdmfs rnspfgmkñ qun tngàd d su adrof id hnjdturd mni lfodr, `kngtrds qun ug 3;,?% dsnourñ snr añgyuon2 ni 1,;% mkhf snr lkhf f lkhdstrf, ug 1,=% ynrgf f gunrd mni hnjn mn lfodr. Ufr su pdrtn, ni ;% afgvkvn afg ftrd pnrsfgd ng ugkñg ikcrn, ni :3% nstä adsdmf, y ni ;5% tkngn nmdmns qun fsakidg ngtrn ifs 35 y >= dôfs. Ns mn mnstdadr id tn`prdgd nmdm pdrd id afgstktuakñg mn lfodrns, if qun afgstktuyn skg mumd ugf mn ifs jdatfrns kgtnrongnrdakfgdins mn rnprfmuaakñg mn id sktudakñg mn pfcrnzd y vuignrdckikmdm.
@äs diiä mni ordmf mn afgangtrdakñg di qun sn diumn, ifs ngaunstdmfs sfg ng su `dyfràd kgmkvkmufs nafgñ`kad`ngtn datkvfs qun punmng, ng id `nmkmd mn if pfskcin, vkgauidrsn di snatfr prfmuatkvf mn id akumdm y mn nstd `dgnrd ifordr ugd `nhfr sdtksjdaakñg mn ids gnanskmdmns cäskads mn sus jd`kikds. Nstds adrdatnràstkads sfakdins sn punmng kgtnrprntdr af`f ug jdatfr mn prnskñg pdrd ifs orupfs pfcidakfgdins, mnckmf d qun sn ngaungtrdg ng su nmdm prfmuatkvd y, ng afgtrdstn, sn ngjrngtdg d cdrrnrds mn daansf di `nradmf idcfrdi y d id nmuadakñg, lnalfs qun ng id `dyfràd mn ifs adsfs ins fcikodg d vkgauidrsn d id kgjfr`dikmdm af`f `nmkf mn sustngtf pdrd sus jd`kikds. Id prkgakpdi faupdakñg rndikzdmd pfr id pfcidakñg suhntf mn nstn nstumkf tkngn qun vnr afg ni af`nrakf d pnqunôd nsadid. Ni 15,4% ld mnsn`pnôdmf fjkakfs u faupdakfgns rnidakfgdmds afg nstd datkvkmdm, if audi rnjunrzd qun id kgjfr`dikmdm ‑ni af`nrakf kgjfr`di‑ sn prnsngtd af`f ugd fpfrtugkmdm mn sustngtf mkdrkf. Nstd sktudakñg mnsngadmngd ftrf tkpf mn kgafgvngkngtns pdrd id akumdm, mnckmf d qun rnjinhd id kgaf`pdtkckikmdm nxkstngtn ngtrn ni skstn`d prfmuatkvf (k.n. n`prnsds, kgmustrkds, fjnrngtns mn n`pinf) y ni skstn`d sfakdi (k.n. pfcidakñg akvki), di nxkstkr kgsujkakngakd mn mn`dgmd idcfrdi qun sn vn rnjinhdmd ng ids mkjkauitdmns mn daansf d n`pinfs, rn`ugnrdakfgns dmnaudmds, ckngns y snrvkakfs kgmkspngsdcins. Datkvkmdmns qun k`pikadg `äs nxpnrtkakd n`pàrkad qun jfr`dakñg, af`f ifs snrvkakfs ongnrdins y fjkakfs vdrkfs, skoung ng id ikstd mn ids `äs rndikzdmds pfr ifs ngtrnvkstdmfs afg ugd akjrd mni 31%. Ufr su pdrtn ni 45,=% `dgkjnstñ rndikzdr f tngnr ldckikmdmns ng datkvkmdmns mn afakgd y rnstdurdgtn, d su vnz, ni :,4% rnspfgmkñ qun pfsnn mnstrnzds ng ni snatfr mn id afgstruaakñg. Ni 41% mn id pfcidakñg mnsn`pnôd ug skg gø`nrf mn faupdakfgns qun mdmd su
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=:
vdrknmdm rnsuitdg mkjàakins mn aidskjkadr ng ugd øgkad adtnofràd, ngtrn ëstds sn mnstdadg ifs afgmuatfrns mn tdxk, ids gkônrds, n`pdadmfrns, afgmuatfrns y `dmrns af`ugktdrkds, ngtrn ftrds.
Afg rnspnatf di gkvni nmuadtkvf ns k`pfrtdgtn `ngakfgdr qun nstd pfcidakñg gf ns dhngd d id rndikmdm mni mnpdrtd`ngtf y mni Mkstrktf. Ni =3% mn ids pnrsfgds rnspfgmkñ qun diadgzñ dioøg ordmf mn cäskad prk`drkd2 ni 3=% mkhf ldcnr dmnidgtdmf dioøg ordmf mn cäskad snaugmdrkd `kngtrds qun ug 33% djkr`ñ qun sus nstumkfs iinodrfg ldstd id `nmkd cäskad y sfif ni 1% mkan tngnr dioøg tkpf mn jfr`dakñg ng nmuadakñg supnrkfr. Nstfs pfrangtdhns rnjinhdg cdrrnrds d id kgaiuskñg prfmuatkvd mnrkvdmds mn ifs cdhfs gkvnins mn jfr`dakñg. Ifs rnsuitdmfs qun drrfhd id ngaunstd `unstrdg ug cdhf gkvni nmuadtkvf, lnalf qun ifs afgmkakfgd y rnstrkgon pdrd daanmnr d n`pinfs jfr`dins, pfr if qun id mnmkadakñg d datkvkmdmns mn cdhf gkvni mn jfr`dakñg y cdhd rn`ugnrdakñg ns id afgstdgtn ng nstds jd`kikds y, ng id ordg `dyfràd mn adsfs, id øgkad pfskckikmdm mn kgornsfs.
>.:
>.:.4
FSODGKXDAKÑG DM@KGKQ]SD]KZD MNI AFINOKF
QNMNQ MN ID KGQ]K]^A KÑG
Ni afinokf nstä ifadikzdmf ng id dvngkmd Ni Ikcnrtdmfr Gf 11-<5 y su nxkstngakd sn mncn di lnalf mn qun ni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi pdrd afg`n`frdr ifs =>5 dôfs mn jugmdakñg mn id akumdm mn Qdgtd @drtd, in ftfroñ af`f rnodif, ng 4;?>, ni AFINOKF GDAKFGDIKXDMF SFMSKOF MN CDQ]KMDQ, inodikzdmf d trdvës mn id Snsfiuakñg 1>; mn Gfvkn`crn 3< mn 4;??, mni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi. Ufstnrkfr`ngtn `nmkdgtn rnsfiuakñg 5<<1 mn 3553 sn afgstktuyn ng KGQ]K]^AKÑG NM^AD]KZD MKQ]SK]DI SFMSKOF MN CDQ]KMDQ.
Ng ni dôf 3551 id dm`kgkstrdakñg mkstrktdi `fmkjkad id rdzñg sfakdi mn id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Sfmrkof mn Cdstkmds y pdsd d mngf`kgdrsn KNM SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ, `nmkdgtn rnsfiuakñg 4;;3 mn 3551.
D pdrtkr mni dôf 355:, id dm`kgkstrdakñg mkstrktdi rndikzñ ug prfansf mn juskñg mn nsaunids y afinokfs mn adräatnr pøcikaf if audi k`pikañ id afgjfr`dakñg mn id KNM ng audtrf snmns, d sdcnr8
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=?
>.:.4.4
Q NMN 4 S FMSKOF O DI ZÄ G MN ID C DQ ]K MD Q
Aungtd afg ug ärnd 3:.;53.>5 `³ su pidgtd jàskad id afgstktuyng gunvn (;) cifquns mfgmn jugakfgdg ids fjkakgds y ids duids mn aidsn. Qn mkstrkcuyn ng 1= duids mn aidsn pdrd ifs gkvnins mn Urnnsafidr, Urk`drkd, Qnaugmdrkd y @nmkd. Ufsnn ugd ckcikftnad, = duids mn kgjfr`ätkad, ug idcfrdtfrkf, ug duid mn drtàstkad, Udrdgkgjf y d`pikds zfgds vnrmns ng mfgmn nxkstng adgalds mn cdifganstf, `karfjøtcfi y jøtcfi. Ng nstd snmn jugakfgdg ifs skoukngtns gkvnins nmuadtkvfs8 Urnnsafidr, Cäskad Urk`drkd, Cäskad Qnaugmdrkd y @nmkd. >.:.4.3
Q NMN 3 ] D[ SF GD
Jugmdmd ldakd ni dôf mn 4;??, id snmn ]dyrfgd aungtd afg trns nmkjkakfs mkstrkcukmfs dsà8 ng ni `äs dgtkouf mn niifs jugakfgd datudi`ngtn ni gkvni mn Urnnsafidr y aungtd afg > duids mn aidsn y ugd fjkakgd pdrd rnugkfgns afg pdmrns mn jd`kikd, mfangtns y affrmkgdakñg. Ni snougmf nmkjkakf afgstd mn mfs pidgtds afg ? duids mn aidsns, ugd afakgd y rnstdurdgtn, cdôfs y mfs nspdakfs dmkakfgdins, ifs audins sn n`pindg af`f sdid mn prfjnsfrns y fjkakgd mn affrmkgdakñg, ni tnranr nmkjkakf aungtd afg mfs pidgtds afg ug duid mn rnugkfgns, ugd ckcikftnad, ugd fjkakgd y ugd sdid mn kgjfr`ätkad dmn`äs mn mfs cdtnràds sdgktdrkds ng ni snougmf pksf. Ng nstd snmn jugakfgdg ifs gkvnins mn Urnnsafidr, Cäskad Urk`drkd, Ad`kgdr afg Qnaugmdrkd pdrd ifs ordmfs mn :µ d ;µ y @N@D pdrd 45µ y ||µ. >.:.4.1
Q NMN 1 Q K@ÑG C FIÀZDS .
Id jugmdakñg mn id snmn Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr kgkakd ldakd ni dôf 4;<= ng id urcdgkzdakñg Ids Znods ng mfgmn rnskmàdg mfangtns qukngns dgdikzdrfg id prfcin`ätkad mn gkôfs y gkôds qun tngàdg qun dtrdvnsdr id Dvngkmd mni Sàf pdrd trdsidmdrsn ldstd id nsaunid Qdgtd Adtdikgd. Ng vkstd mn ifs rknsofs mn id vàd y id mkstdgakd rnafrrkmd, ug orupf mn mfangtns afgjfr`dmf pfr ni prfjnsfr Sfcnrtf @ugärrkz, Odcrkni Gkntf (j), @dguni Gkôf, Huikf Ancdiifs (j), Äivdrf Qdu`ntl, Hfsë Adcrnrd y diougfs ldcktdgtns mni cdrrkf Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr rndikzdrfg ugd ngaunstd d id pfcidakñg ng nmdm nsafidr mn ifs snatfrns qun ng nsn ngtfgans nrdg ugd kgvdskñg y af`f rnsuitdmf fctuvknrfg ug gø`nrf mn pfcidakñg sujkakngtn pdrd afgjfr`dr mfs nsaunids8 Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr y Zkiid mni Sàf.
D prkgakpkf mn ifs dôfs ;5, af`f rnsuitdmf mni trdcdhf ngtrn pdmrns mn jd`kikd y id Hugtd mn Daakñg Af`ugdi, sn dmqukrkñ ug iftn pdrd ni jugakfgd`kngtf mn id nsaunid, ng nstn iuodr sn ngaungtrd uckadmd ng id datudikmdm. Ng
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=<
ni dôf mn 4;;1, sn kgkakd id afgstruaakñg mn id pidgtd jàskad, ng ni dôf 4;;? sn dmquknrn ni iftn dmydangtn y sn d`piàd id afgstruaakñg mn vdrkfs sdifgns y ni snougmf pksf.
Ldakd ni dôf 3553 jun dmsarktd af`f snmn ni Afinokf KGN@ Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr y ng ni dôf 355:, af`f rnsuitdmf mni prfansf mn juskñg y rdakfgdikzdakñg ng id prnstdakñg mni snrvkakf nmuadtkvf, jun dmsarktd d nstd Kgstktuakñg.
Ni nmkjkakf mn id snmn Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr afgstd mn mfs pidgtds afg ug tftdi mn : duids mn aidsns, ugd fjkakgd pdrd affrmkgdakñg afg su sdgktdrkf di koudi qun mfs cdôfs pdrd ifs gkôfs y gkôds2 pfsnn ug pdtkf angtrdi nstrnalf pnrf nganrrdmf, datudi`ngtn ugf mn ifs sdifgns sn ld k`pin`ngtdmf af`f duid mn kgjfr`ätkad pdrd if audi sn in ld dafgmkakfgdmf. ]rdcdhdg ng nstn nspdakf ni ordmf mn ]rdgskakñg y tfmfs ifs mni gkvni mn Urk`drkd.
>.:.4.=
Q NMN = Z KIID M NI S ÀF .
Id snmn Zkiid mni Sàf kgkakñ idcfrns ldakd ni dôf mn 4;;>, dôf ng ni audi id ikangakdmd @dràd mni Arkstf Qdr`kngtf Uänz, qukng ldaàd pdrtn mn id Hugtd mn Daakñg Af`ugdi mni snatfr, rnafgfakñ qun ifs gkôfs tngàdg qun trdsidmdrsn ldstd ifs afinokfs mn ids @divkgds y Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr2 pfr niif, rndikzñ ug angsf y ldiiñ sujkakngtn pnrsfgdi pdrd afgjfr`dr orupfs mn ordmf 5, mni `ks`f `fmf sn rndikzñ ug prfynatf mn duid ni audi sn prnsngtñ y sn dprfcñ pfr id Qnarntdràd mn Nmuadakñg. Ng ni dôf 4;;< sn afgstruyn ni prk`nr sdiñg mn aidsns ng mfgmn jugakfgd ni duid mn kgjfr`ätkad afg prnsupunstf dskogdmf pfr id Qnarntdràd mn Nmuadakñg qun `nhfrñ ids afgmkakfgns ng qun rnakcàdg aidsns ifs gkôfs cngnjkakdrkfs, iunof sn afgtkguñ afg id d`pikdakñg pfr id afgstruaakñg mn ftrfs sdifgns d jkg mn dtngmnr id arnakngtn pfcidakñg qun mn`dgmdcd nmuadakñg. Di koudi qun id snmn Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr, ng ni dôf 3553, Zkiid mni Sàf ns mnskogdmd af`f snmn mni Afinokf Kgn` Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr ldstd qun ng ni dôf 355: jun dmsarktd d id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds.
Id snmn Zkiid mni Sàf, afgstd mn akgaf duids, ugd sdid mn kgjfr`ätkad, cdtnràds sdgktdrkds pdrd gkôfs y gkôds dmn`äs mn ug pnqunôf pdtkf kgtnrgf.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
=;
>.?
UFIÀ]KAD MN ADIKMDM
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, tkngn af`f pfiàtkad pidgkjkadr, nhnautdr, nvdiudr y dhustdr sus prfansfs pdrd `nhfrdr afgtkgud`ngtn su snrvkakf y au`pikr id jugakñg sfakdi mn jfr`dr ng ni snr y ni afgfanr pdrd id vkmd. (Snvksdr prfynatf QOA Dgnxf) Udrd niif, aungtd afg8
• ^g aurràauif pnrtkgngtn, jinxkcin, afgtnxtudikzdmf cdsdmf ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn af`pntngakds y ikmnrdzof. • ^g pnrsfgdi mfangtn kmñgnf, af`pntngtn ng afgtkgud datudikzdakñg pdrd ni mnsn`pnôf mn su jugakñg
pnmdoñokad. • Dmnaudmfs prfansfs mn af`ugkadakñg, rnafgfak`kngtf y `ftkvdakñg pdrd ifs kgtnordgtns mn id af`ugkmdm
nmuadtkvd.
>.?.4
Fchntkvfs mn id adikmdm
• Mnsdrrfiidr af`pntngakds afogktkvds, akumdmdgds y idcfrdins d trdvës mn ug aurràauif dhustdmf d ids
gnanskmdmns mni nstumkdgtn y su ngtfrgf. • Unr`ktkr ni mnsn`pnôf njnatkvf mni pnrsfgdi, uckaägmfif ng su ärnd mn jfr`dakñg y pfskckiktdgmf su
adpdaktdakñg afgtkgud. • K`pin`ngtdr prfansfs mn af`ugkadakñg, rnafgfak`kngtf y `ftkvdakñg pdrd nstk`uidr ni af`prf`ksf, id pdrtkakpdakñg y id mn`fardakd mn tfmd id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
>5
:
ÄSND MN ONQ]KÑG DADMË@KAD
Ëstd ns id nsngakd mni trdcdhf mn ug nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf, puns snôdid añ`f sn ngjfadg sus daakfgns pdrd ifordr qun ifs nstumkdgtns dprngmdg y mnsdrrfiing ids af`pntngakds gnansdrkds pdrd su mnsn`pnôf pnrsfgdi, sfakdi y prfjnskfgdi. Nstd ärnd mn id onstkñg sn ngadrod mn ifs prfansfs mn mksnôf aurrkauidr, präatkads :
pnmdoñokads kgstktuakfgdins, onstkñg mn aidsns y snouk`kngtf dadmë`kaf. :.4
JKGNQ MN ID NM^ADAKÑG AFIF@CKDGD
Afgjfr`n afg ni drtàauif :? mn id Afgstktuakñg Gdakfgdi, id Nmuadakñg sn mnsdrrfiid dafrmn afg ifs skoukngtns jkgns8
•
Ni pingf mnsdrrfiif mn id pnrsfgdikmdm skg `äs ik`ktdakfgns qun ids qun k`pfgng ifs mnrnalfs mn ifs mn`äs y ni frmng huràmkaf mngtrf mn ug prfansf mn jfr`dakñg kgtnordi, jàskad, psàqukad, kgtninatudi, `frdi, nspkrktudi, sfakdi, djnatkvd, ëtkad, aàvkad y mn`äs vdifrns lu`dgfs.
•
Id jfr`dakñg ng ni rnspntf d id vkmd y d ifs mn`äs mnrnalfs lu`dgfs, d id pdz, d ifs prkgakpkfs
•
mn`farätkafs, mn afgvkvngakd, piurdiks`f, hustkakd, sfikmdrkmdm, y nqukmdm, tfinrdgakd y mn id ikcnrtdm. Id jfr`dakñg pdrd jdakiktdr id pdrtkakpdakñg mn tfmfs ng ids mnakskfgns qun ifs djnatdg ng id vkmd nafgñ`kad, pfiàtkad, dm`kgkstrdtkvd y auiturdi mn id Gdakñg.
•
Id jfr`dakñg ng ni rnspntf d id dutfrkmdm inoàtk`d y d id iny, d id auiturd gdakfgdi, d id lkstfrkd afif`ckdgd, y d ifs sà`cfifs pdtrkfs
•
Id dmqukskakñg y ongnrdakñg mn ifs afgfak`kngtfs akngtàjkafs, tëagkafs y auiturdins2 mn id sfcnrdgàd gdakfgdi y pdrd id präatkad mn id sfikmdrkmdm y id kgtnordakñg afg ni `ugmf.
•
Ni mnsdrrfiif mn id adpdakmdm aràtkad, rnjinxkvd y dgdiàtkad qun jfrtdinzad ni dvdgan akngtàjkaf y tnagfiñokaf gdakfgdi, qun frkngtd afg prkfrkmdm di `nhfrd`kngtf auiturdi y mn id adikmdm mn id vkmd mn id pfcidakñg, d id pdrtkakpdakñg ng id cøsqunmd mn ditnrgdtkvds mn sfiuakñg d ifs prfcin`ds y di prfansf sfakdi y nafgñ`kaf mni pdàs.
:
Kcàm. päo. =< K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
>4
•
Id dmqukskakñg mn ugd afgakngakd pdrd id afgsnrvdakñg, prftnaakñg y `nhfrd`kngtf mni `nmkf d`ckngtn, mn id adikmdm mn id vkmd mni usf rdakfgdi mn ifs rnaursfs gdturdins mn id prnvngakñg mn mnsdstrns, mngtrf mn ugd auiturd nafiñokad y mni rknsof y id mnjngsd mni pdtrk`fgkf auiturdi mn id gdakñg.
•
Id jfr`dakñg mn id präatkad mni trdcdhf, `nmkdgtn ifs afgfak`kngtfs tëagkafs y ldckikmdmns2 dsà af`f ng id vdifrdakñg mni `ks`f af`f jugmd`ngtf mni mnsdrrfiif kgmkvkmudi y sfakdi.
•
Id jfr`dakñg pdrd id prf`fakñg y prnsnrvdakñg mn id sdium y id lkokngn, id prnvngakñg kgtnordi mn prfcin`ds sfakdi`ngtn rninvdgtns, id nmuadakñg jàskad, id rnarndakñg, ni mnpfrtn y id utkikzdakñg dmnaudmd mni tkn`pf ikcrn.
•
Id prf`fakñg ng id pnrsfgd y sfaknmdm mn id adpdakmdm pdrd arndr, kgvnstkodr, dmfptdr ids tnagfifoàds qun sn rnquknrn ng ifs prfansfs mn mnsdrrfiif mni pdàs y in pnr`ktd di nmuadgmf kgornsdr di snatfr prfmuatkvf.
:.3
FCHN]KZFQ MN ID NM^ADAKÑG NG AFIF@CKD
FCHN]KZFQ
AF@UN]NGAKDQ
d. Jfr`dr id pnrsfgdikmdm y id adpdakmdm mn dsu`kr afg rnspfgsdckikmdm y dutfgf`àd sus mnrnalfs y mncnrns2 c. Urfpfrakfgdr ugd sñikmd jfr`dakñg ëtkad y `frdi y jf`ngtdr id präatkad mni rnspntf d ifs mnrnalfs lu`dgfs2 a. Jf`ngtdr ng id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd, präatkads mn`farätkads pdrd ni dprngmkzdhn mn ifs prkgakpkfs y vdifrns mn id pdrtkakpdakñg y frodgkzdakñg akumdmdgd y nstk`uidr id dutfgf`àd y id rnspfgsdckikmdm2 m. Mnsdrrfiidr ugd sdgd snxudikmdm qun prf`unvd ni afgfak`kngtf mn sà `ks`f y id dutfnstk`d, id afgstruaakñg mn id kmngtkmdm snxudi mngtrf mni rnspntf pfr id nqukmdm mn ifs snxfs, id djnatkvkmdm, ni
Ëtkad
Ëtkad
Ufiàtkad- mn`farätkad
Ëtkad Afgvkvngakd jd`kikdr
rnspntf `utuf y prnpdrdrsn pdrd ugd vkmd jd`kikdr dr`ñgkad y rnspfgsdcin2 n. Arndr y jf`ngtdr ugd afgakngakd mn sfikmdrkmdm kgtnrgdakfgdi2
Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
j. Mnsdrrfiidr daakfgns mn frkngtdakñg nsafidr, prfjnskfgdi y faupdakfgdi2
Idcfrdi
o. Jfr`dr ugd afgakngakd nmuadtkvd pdrd ni nsjunrzf y ni trdcdhf
Idcfrdi Mn`farätkad
l. Jf`ngtdr ni kgtnrës y ni rnspntf pfr id kmngtkmdm auiturdi mn ifs orupfs ëtgkafs.
@uitkauiturdi
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
>3
:.3.4
:.3.4.4
Fchntkvfs Nspnaàjkafs
N M^ADAKÑG U SNNQAFIDS
FCHN]KZFQ
AF@UN]NGAKDQ
Ni afgfak`kngtf mni prfpkf aunrpf y mn sus pfskckikmdmns mn daakñg, dsà af`f id dmqukskakñg mn su
@ftrkans
kmngtkmdm y dutfgf`àd
Dxkfiñokad
Ni arnak`kngtf dr`fgkfsf y nqukikcrdmf mni gkôf, mn tdi `dgnrd qun jdakiktn id `ftrkakmdm, ni
@ftrkans
dprnstd`kngtf y id `ftkvdakñg pdrd id inatf-nsarkturd y pdrd ids sfiuakfgns mn prfcin`ds qun
Af`ugkadtkvd
k`pikqung rnidakfgns y fpnrdakfgns `dtn`ätkads2
Ungsd`kngtf `dtn`ätkaf
Ni mnsdrrfiif mn id arndtkvkmdm, ids ldckikmdmns y mnstrnzds prfpkds mn id nmdm, af`f td`ckëg mn
Ungsd`kngtf
su adpdakmdm mn dprngmkzdhn2
Nxprnskñg drtàstkad
Id uckadakñg nspdakf-tn`pfrdi y ni nhnrakakf mn id `n`frkd
Ungsd`kngtf nspdakdi
Ni mnsdrrfiif mn id adpdakmdm pdrd dmqukrkr jfr`ds mn nxprnskñg, rnidakñg y af`ugkadakñg y pdrd nstdcinanr rnidakfgns mn rnakprfakmdm y pdrtkakpdakñg, mn daunrmf afg gfr`ds mn rnspntf, sfikmdrkmdm y afgvkvngakd
drtàstkaf
Af`ugkadtkvd Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
Id pdrtkakpdakñg ng datkvkmdmns iømkads afg ftrfs gkôfs y dmuitfs
@ftrkans
Ni nstà`uif d id aurkfskmdm pdrd fcsnrvdr y nxpifrdr ni `nmkf gdturdi, jd`kikdr y sfakdi
Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
Ni rnafgfak`kngtf mn su mk`ngskñg nspkrktudi pdrd jugmd`ngtdr arktnrkfs mn af`pfrtd`kngtf
Nspkrktudi
Id vkgauidakñg mn id jd`kikd y id af`ugkmdm di prfansf nmuadtkvf pdrd `nhfrdr id adikmdm mn vkmd mn ifs gkôfs ng su `nmkf Id jfr`dakñg mn läcktfs mn dik`ngtdakñg, lkokngn pnrsfgdi, dsnf y frmng qun ongnrng afgakngakd sfcrn ni vdifr y id gnanskmdm mn id sdium
:.3.4.3
Dxkfiñokad
Dxkfiñokad
N M^ADAKÑG C ÄQ KA D U SK@DSKD
Ifs akgaf (>) prk`nrfs ordmfs mn id nmuadakñg cäskad qun afgstktuyng ni akaif mn prk`drkd, tngmräg af`f fchntkvfs nspnaàjkafs ifs skoukngtns8
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
>1
FCHN]KZFQ
AF@UN]NGAKDQ
Id jfr`dakñg mn ifs vdifrns jugmd`ngtdins pdrd id afgvkvngakd ng ugd sfaknmdm mn`farätkad, pdrtkakpdtkvd y piurdikstd
Dxkfiñokad
Ni jf`ngtf mni mnsnf mn sdcnr, mn id kgkakdtkvd pnrsfgdi jrngtn di afgfak`kngtf y jrngtn d id
Ungsd`kngtf
rndikmdm sfakdi, dsà af`f mni nspàrktu aràtkaf
Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
aràtkaf
Ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds cäskads pdrd innr, af`prngmnr, nsarkckr, nsaualdr, ldcidr y nxprnsdrsn afrrnatd`ngtn ng ingoud adstniidgd y td`ckëg ng id ingoud `dtnrgd, ng ni adsf mn ifs orupfs ëtgkafs afg trdmkakñg ikgoùàstkad prfpkd, dsà af`f ni jf`ngtf mn id djkakñg pfr
Af`ugkadtkvd
id inaturd Ni mnsdrrfiif mn id adpdakmdm pdrd dprnakdr id ingoud af`f `nmkf mn nxprnskñg nstëtkad
Iktnrdrkd
Ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs afgfak`kngtfs `dtn`ätkafs gnansdrkfs pdrd `dgnhdr y utkikzdr fpnrdakfgns sk`pins mn aäiauif y prfanmk`kngtfs iñokafs nin`ngtdins ng mkjnrngtns sktudakfgns, dsà af`f id
Ungsd`kngtf `dtn`ätkaf
adpdakmdm pdrd sfiuakfgdr prfcin`ds qun k`pikqung nstfs afgfak`kngtfs Id af`prngskñg cäskad mni `nmkf jàskaf, sfakdi y auiturdi ng ni gkvni ifadi, gdakfgdi y ugkvnrsdi, mn daunrmf afg ni mnsdrrfiif kgtninatudi afrrnspfgmkngtn d id nmdm
Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
Id dsk`kidakñg mn afganptfs akngtàjkafs ng ids ärnds mn afgfak`kngtf qun sndg fchntf mn nstumkf,
Ungsd`kngtf
mn daunrmf afg ni mnsdrrfiif kgtninatudi y id nmdm
Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
Id vdifrdakñg mn id lkokngn y id sdium mni prfpkf aunrpf y id jfr`dakñg pdrd id prftnaakñg mn id gdturdinzd y ni d`ckngtn2 Ni afgfak`kngtf y nhnraktdakñg mni prfpkf aunrpf, `nmkdgtn id präatkad mn id nmuadakñg jàskad, id rnarndakñg y ifs mnpfrtns dmnaudmfs d su nmdm y afgmuangtns d ug mnsdrrfiif jàskaf y dr`ñgkaf Id jfr`dakñg pdrd id pdrtkakpdakñg y frodgkzdakñg kgjdgtki y id utkikzdakñg dmnaudmd mni tkn`pf ikcrn Ni mnsdrrfiif mn vdifrns akvkins, ëtkafs, y `frdins, mn frodgkzdakñg sfakdi y mn afgvkvngakd lu`dgd Id jfr`dakñg drtàstkad `nmkdgtn id nxprnskñg afrpfrdi, id rnprnsngtdakñg, id `øskad, id piästkad y id iktnrdturd2 Ungsd`kngtf drtàstkaf
akngtàjkaf
Ëtkad
@ftrkans
@ftrkans
Dxkfiñokad
Nxprnskñg drtàstkad
Id dmqukskakñg mn nin`ngtfs mn afgvnrsdakñg y mn inaturd di `ngfs ng ugd ingoud nxtrdghnrd
Af`ugkadtkvd
Id kgkakdakñg ng ni afgfak`kngtf mn id Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad,
Ufiàtkad
Id dmqukskakñg mn ldckikmdmns pdrd mnsn`pnôdrsn afg dutfgf`àd ng id sfaknmdm
Idcfrdi
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
>=
:.3.4.1
N M^ADAKÑG C ÄQ KA D Q NA^GMDSKD
Ifs audtrf (=) ordmfs sucskoukngtns mn id nmuadakñg cäskad qun afgstktuyng ni akaif mn snaugmdrkd tngmräg af`f fchntkvfs nspnaàjkafs ifs skoukngtns8
FCHN]KZFQ
AF@UN]NGAKDQ
Ni mnsdrrfiif mn id adpdakmdm pdrd af`prngmnr tnxtfs y nxprnsdr afrrnatd`ngtn `ngsdhns af`pintfs, frdins y nsarktfs ng ingoud adstniidgd, dsà af`f pdrd ngtngmnr `nmkdgtn ug nstumkf
Af`ugkadtkvds
skstn`ätkaf, ifs mkjnrngtns nin`ngtfs afgstktutkvfs mn id ingoud Af`pntngakd aràtkad mn id inaturd, ]nxtudi y drou`ngtdtkvd frdi, Id vdifrdakñg y utkikzdakñg mn id ingoud adstniidgd af`f `nmkf mn nxprnskñg iktnrdrkd y ni nstumkf mn id arndakñg iktnrdrkd ng ni pdàs
Kgtnrtnxtudikmdm iktnrdrkd
y ng ni `ugmf. Ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids adpdakmdmns pdrd ni rdakfgd`kngtf iñokaf, `nmkdgtn ni mf`kgkf mn ifs skstn`ds gu`ërkafs, onf`ëtrkafs, iñokafs, dgdiàtkafs, mn afghugtfs, mn fpnrdakfgns y rnidakfgns, dsà af`f id utkikzdakñg ng id kgtnrprntdakñg y sfiuakñg mn ifs prfcin`ds mn id akngakd, mn id tnagfifoàd y ifs mn id vkmd aftkmkdgd.
Ungsd`kngtf `dtn`ätkaf8 nspdakdi,
Gu`ërkaf, iñokaf,
vdrkdakfgdi, dindtfrkf, y `nmkakfgdi
Ni dvdgan ng ni afgfak`kngtf akngtàjkaf mn ifs jngñ`ngfs jàskafs, quà`kafs y ckfiñokafs, `nmkdgtn id af`prngskñg mn ids inyns, ni pidgtnd`kngtf mn prfcin`ds y id fcsnrvdakñg nxpnrk`ngtdi. Ni mnsdrrfiif mn datktumns jdvfrdcins di afgfak`kngtf, vdifrdakñg y afgsnrvdakñg mn id gdturdinzd y ni d`ckngtn. Id af`prngskñg mn id mk`ngskñg präatkad mn ifs afgfak`kngtfs tnñrkafs, dsà af`f id mk`ngskñg tnñrkad mni afgfak`kngtf präatkaf y id adpdakmdm pdrd utkikzdrid ng id sfiuakñg mn prfcin`ds. Id kgkakdakñg ng ifs ad`pfs `äs dvdgzdmfs mn id tnagfifoàd `fmnrgd y ni ngtrngd`kngtf ng mksakpikgds, prfansfs y tëagkads qun in pnr`ktdg ni nhnrakakf mn ugd jugakñg sfakdi`ngtn øtki. Ni nstumkf akngtàjkaf mn id lkstfrkd gdakfgdi y `ugmkdi, mkrkokmd d af`prngmnr ni mnsdrrfiif mn id sfaknmdm, y ni nstumkf mn ids akngakds sfakdins, afg `krds di dgäiksks mn ids afgmkakfgns datudins mn id rndikmdm sfakdi.
Ungsd`kngtf akngtàjkaf
Ckfëtkad
Kgvnstkodtkvd Idcfrdi Ungsd`kngtf tnagfiñokaf ]ëagkad Ungsd`kngtf
sfakdi
Ungsd`kngtf lkstñrkaf
Ni nstumkf akngtàjkaf mni ugkvnrsf, mn id tknrrd, mn su nstruaturd jàskad, mn su mkvkskñg y frodgkzdakñg
Ungsd`kngtf
nspdakdi
pfiàtkad, mni mnsdrrfiif nafgñ`kaf mn ifs pdàsns y mn ids mkvnrsds `dgkjnstdakfgns auiturdins mn
Ungsd`kngtf
pfiàtkaf
ifs puncifs. Id jfr`dakñg ng ni nhnrakakf mn ifs mncnrns y mnrnalfs, ni afgfak`kngtf mn id Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad
Ungsd`kngtf nafgñ`kaf
y mn ids rnidakfgns kgtnrgdakfgdins
Ufiàtkaf-mn`farätkad
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
>>
Id dprnakdakñg drtàstkad, id af`prngskñg nstëtkad, id arndtkvkmdm, id jd`kikdrkzdakñg afg ifs mkjnrngtns `nmkfs mn nxprnskñg drtàstkad y ni afgfak`kngtf, vdifrdakñg y rnspntf pfr ifs ckngns drtàstkafs y auiturdins
Ungsd`kngtf
drtàstkaf
Nxprnskñg drtàstkad Af`ugkadtkvd8 sucaf`pntngakds. Ikgoùàstkad,
Id af`prngskñg y adpdakmdm mn nxprnsdrsn ng ugd ingoud nxtrdghnrd.
sfakfikgoùàstkad, Uskafikgouàstkad mksaurskvd.
Id vdifrdakñg mn id sdium y mn ifs läcktfs rnidakfgdmfs afg niid
y
Ckfëtkad
Id utkikzdakñg afg sngtkmf aràtkaf mn ifs mkstkgtfs afgtngkmfs y jfr`ds mn kgjfr`dakñg y id cøsqunmd mn gunvfs afgfak`kngtfs afg su prfpkf nsjunrzf
Ungsd`kngtf aràtkaf
Id nmuadakñg jàskad y id präatkad mn id rnarndakñg y ifs mnpfrtns, id pdrtkakpdakñg y frodgkzdakñg
Urdxnfiñokad, Qfakf, pskaf
huvngki y id utkikzdakñg dmnaudmd mni tkn`pf ikcrn
pnranptkvf jàskaf `ftrkans
:.3.4.=
N M^ADAKÑG @ NMKD
Qfg fchntkvfs nspnaàjkafs mn id nmuadakñg `nmkd dadmë`kad8
FCHN]KZFQ
AF@UN]NGAKDQ
Id prfjugmkzdakñg ng ug ad`pf mn afgfak`kngtf f ng ugd datkvkmdm nspnaàjkad mn daunrmf afg ifs kgtnrnsns y adpdakmdmns mni nmuadgmf Id kgafrpfrdakñg mn id kgvnstkodakñg di prfansf afogfsaktkvf, tdgtf mn idcfrdtfrkf af`f mn id rndikmdm gdakfgdi, ng sus dspnatfs gdturdi, nafgñ`kaf, pfiàtkaf y sfakdi Ni mnsdrrfiif mn id adpdakmdm pdrd prfjugmkzdr ng ug ad`pf mni afgfak`kngtf, mn daunrmf afg ids pftngakdikmdmns n kgtnrnsns Id prfjugmkzdakñg ng afgfak`kngtfs dvdgzdmfs mn ids nmuadakñg drtàstkad
Ungsd`kngtf akngtàjkaf
Ungsd`kngtf akngtàjkaf
Ungsd`kngtf akngtàjkaf Kgvnstkodtkvd
Id vkgauidakñg d prford`ds mn mnsdrrfiif y frodgkzdakñg sfakdi y af`ugktdrkd, frkngtdmfs d mdr sfiuakñg d ifs prfcin`ds sfakdins mn su ngtfrgf Ni jf`ngtf mn id afgakngakd y mn id pdrtkakpdakñg rnspfgsdcins mni nmuadgmf ng daakfgns aàvkads y mni snrvkakf sfakdi Id adpdakmdm rnjinxkvd y aràtkad sfcrn ifs `øitkpins dspnatfs mn id rndikmdm y id af`prngskñg mn ifs vdifrns ëtkafs, `frdins, rnikokfsfs y mn afgvkvngakd ng sfaknmdm
Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
Ëtkad Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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Mnsdrrfiidr ids ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds pdrd innr, af`prngmnr, nsarkckr, nsaualdr, ldcidr y nxprnsdrsn afrrnatd`ngtn
Af`ugkadtkvd
Ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds cäskads pdrd innr, af`prngmnr, nsarkckr, nsaualdr, ldcidr y nxprnsdrsn afrrnatd`ngtn ng ingoud adstniidgd y td`ckëg ng id ingoud `dtnrgd, ng ni adsf mn ifs orupfs ëtgkafs afg trdmkakñg ikgoùàstkad prfpkd, dsà af`f ni jf`ngtf mn id djkakñg pfr
Af`ugkadtkvd
id inaturd Ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids adpdakmdmns pdrd ni rdakfgd`kngtf iñokaf, `nmkdgtn ni mf`kgkf mn ifs skstn`ds gu`ërkafs, onf`ëtrkafs, iñokafs, dgdiàtkafs, mn afghugtfs, mn fpnrdakfgns y rnidakfgns, dsà af`f id utkikzdakñg ng id kgtnrprntdakñg y sfiuakñg mn ifs prfcin`ds mn id akngakd, mn id
Ungsd`kngtf `dtn`ätkaf
tnagfifoàd y ifs mn id vkmd aftkmkdgd Ni mnsdrrfiif mn datktumns jdvfrdcins di afgfak`kngtf, vdifrdakñg y afgsnrvdakñg mn id gdturdinzd y ni d`ckngtn
Ckfëtkad
Ni nstumkf akngtàjkaf mn id lkstfrkd gdakfgdi y `ugmkdi mkrkokmf d af`prngmnr ni mnsdrrfiif mn id sfaknmdm, y ni nstumkf mn ids akngakds sfakdins, afg `krds di dgäiksks mn ids afgmkakfgns datudins mn
Ungsd`kngtf sfakdi
id rndikmdm sfakdi Id nmuadakñg jàskad y id präatkad mn id rnarndakñg y ifs mnpfrtns, id pdrtkakpdakñg y frodgkzdakñg huvngki y id utkikzdakñg dmnaudmd mni tkn`pf ikcrn
:.1
@ftrkans
QKQ]N@D UNMDOÑOKAF KGQ]K]^AKFGDI
Ni skstn`d Unmdoñokaf Kgstktuakfgdi, sn ngtkngmn af`f ugd `dgnrd nspnakdi mn sninaakfgdr, frodgkzdr, trdgs`ktkr y nvdiudr ni afgfak`kngtf y ids rnidakfgns sfakdins qun sn mdg ng tfrgf d id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd. Unr`ktn ug aurràauif jinxkcin qun k`pikad ugd sninaakñg, snaungakd y rkt`f ng ni dprngmkzdhn. Ns ugd prfpunstd ng tfrgf di nstumkdgtn af`f angtrf mni prfansf nmuadtkvf2 d id nstruaturdakñg mni aurràauif mnsmn ids gnanskmdmns, ifs kgtnrnsns mn ifs nstumkdgtns y ifs tn`ds y prfcin`ds prfpunstfs pfr ni afgtnxtf sfakfauiturdi2 d id pnmdofoàd af`f afgstruaakñg mn skogkjkadmfs pnrsfgdins y sfakdins2 di afgfak`kngtf af`f afgtrkcuakñg d id jfr`dakñg kgtninatudi, sfakdi y ëtkad y2 di dprngmkzdhn skogkjkadtkvf.
Id prfpunstd pnmdoñokad kgstktuakfgdi aungtd afg ugd nstruaturdakñg aflnrngtn afg id @kskñg, id Zkskñg y ifs Urkgakpkfs Kgstktuakfgdins qun tkngng ng aungtd qun ni kgmkvkmuf ns prfmuatf mn id kgtnrdaakñg lu`dgd y qun afgstruyn id rndikmdm y d sà `ks`f ng ug pnr`dgngtn prfansf mn ad`ckf, sn tf`ñ af`f nhn jugmd`ngtdi id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi mni nmuadgmf d jkg mn pfmnr ongnrdr id cøsqunmd afgtkgud mn id vnrmdm, ni mnsdrrfiif mni hukakf aràtkaf y id dmqukskakñg mn vdifrns ëtkafs.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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Ni Qkstn`d Unmdoñokaf sn hustkjkad ng id `nmkmd qun sn angtrd ng ugd prfpunstd ngad`kgdmd d id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi angtrdmd ng ni nmuadgmf, qun dsnourn id trdgs`kskñg mn vdifrns, id nmuadakñg afgtkgud y id sdgd rnarndakñg y afgvkvngakd sfakdi2 dtngmkngmf y cusadgmf rnspunstds d ids prfcin`ätkads y tn`ätkads qun sn nxpfgng ng ids duids qun afgtrkcuydg afg id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi y ni djkdgzd`kngtf mn id kmngtkmdm mni kgmkvkmuf y mn ifs vdifrns y afgfak`kngtfs qun if afgstktuyng af`f tdi.
Ids nstrdtnokds qun utkikzd ni mfangtn ng ni duid, punmng afganckrsn af`f ’ifs prfanmk`kngtfs qun ug
nstumkdgtn rnquknrn y n`pind kgtngakfgdi`ngtn af`f kgstru`ngtf jinxkcin, pdrd dprngmnr nifaungtn`ngtn y pdrd sfiuakfgdr prfcin`ds y mn`dgmds dadmë`kads‐ (Adstdônmd y Iuin, 4;<:84>4), sn kgtnord, ug dpfrtn qun ldan Ok`ngf Qdarkstäg (4;<:8 :<) ng ni qun sn nxpikad añ`f id tnfràd mni dprngmkzdhn ns ’ug prfansf qun skoun ni suhntf qun dprngmn, ns mnakr, supfgn ugd mkgä`kad mni dprngmkzdhn‐. Nstn dpfrtnns k`pfrtdgtn pdrd id tnfràd
mkmäatkad pfrqun mnsaucrkr ni prfansf mn dprngmkzdhn k`pikad ugd aknrtd gfr`dtkvkmdm pdrd id ngsnôdgzd. Nstf jdakiktd ugd kgtnrvngakñg pnmdoñokad ni mnsdrrfiif mni prfansf mn ngsnôdgzd- dprngmkzdhn.
Ids nstrdtnokds mn ids qun sn dprfpkd ni mfangtn ng su qunldanr pnmdoñokaf, rnsuitdg trdsangmngtdins ng id jfr`dakñg mni nstumkdgtn, puns af`f sn gf`crñ, sfg ug kgstru`ngtf qun jinxkckikzd ni prfansf mn dprngmkzdhn, ng ftrds pdidcrds, qun ldan qun nstn sn tfrgn `äs kgtnrnsdgtn, puns, audgmf dsà suanmn, ni nstumkdgtn ns adpdz mn dvdgzdr y mn ngafgtrdr sngtkmf d tfmf if qun dprngmn, ns adpdz mn vkskfgdr id gnanskmdm y jugakfgdikmdm mn admd gunvd kgjfr`dakñg, pdrd prfynatdrid ng su `nmkf y ongnrdr pfskcins ad`ckfs qun vdydg ng prf mn id afgstruaakñg mn gunvfs afgfak`kngtfs.
Nstn Qkstn`d sn kgsarkcn ng ni afgtnxtf sfakdi- auiturdi y nmuadtkvf datudi qun pfskckiktd id dpnrturd mn nspdakfs, nstrdtnokds y `f`ngtfs mn dprngmkzdhn mkvnrsfs qun sfg aidvns ng id jfr`dakñg lu`dgd.
:.1.4
Urkgakpkfs Mni Qkstn`d Unmdoñokaf Odivdgkstd
Urkgakpkf 4 Ni pngsd`kngtf y id prfpunstd nmuadtkvd mni prfjnsfr Nmodr @fràg, ugf mn ifs `äs mnstdadmfs pngsdmfrns afgtn`pfrägnfs mn tfmfs ifs tkn`pfs2 prfpfgn id trdgsmksakpikgdrknmdm ng ifs prfansfs nmuadtkvfs af`f ugd mn rnafgstruaakñg mni afgfak`kngtf, qun pfskckiktd dsà, id rnjfr`d mni pngsd`kngtf y mn id nmuadakñg.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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Urkgakpkf 3 Id skgnrokd afg ni `ugmf rndi, if audi skogkjkad qun id frkngtdakñg, tdgtf mn id nstruaturd aurrkauidr af`f id sninaakñg mn `ëtfmfs, nstrdtnokds mkmäatkads y id frodgkzdakñg mn id prfpkd kgstktuakñg, tngmräg skn`prn añ`f pugtf angtrdi mn rnjnrngakd id prfcin`ätkad qun sn ongnrd ng ni `ugmf rndi2 ns mnakr, ng id vkmd aftkmkdgd mn ids pnrsfgds, ids jd`kikds, di mn id n`prnsd, id pfiàtkad y ifs prfansfs sfakdins qun `äs kgakmng ng id af`ugkmdm.
Urkgakpkf 1 Id afgakngakd n`prngmnmfrd, afganckmd nstd af`f id `dtnrkd prk`d mn ids trdgsjfr`dakfgns trdsangmngtns2 sustngtdmd ng ni afgstdgtn nstà`uif d id k`dokgdakñg, id arndtkvkmdm y id kggfvdakñg pnr`dgngtn qun, kgaucdmfs y mnsdrrfiidmfs ng ug nsangdrkf mn arnakngtn ikcnrtdm y rnspfgsdckikmdm, afgstktukräg id afiu`gd vnrtncrdi mn id kgstktuakñg.
Urkgakpkf = Id pfiàtkad nmuadtkvd, if audi ld mn kgtnrprntdrsn af`f ni af`prf`ksf afgsakngtn qun dsu`ng qukngns kgtnordg id af`ugkmdm Odivdgkstd, pdrd k`prk`kr di pnrjki mn id kgstktuakñg ifs adrdatnrns qun id kmngtkjkqung afg ifs pfstuidmfs y jkgns mn id Nmuadakñg nstdcinakmfs ng id Iny 44> mn Nmuadakñg, dsà af`f afg ids mn`äs inyns y gfr`ds rnoid`ngtdrkds qun jkhdg id frkngtdakñg mni snrvkakf nmuadtkvf gdakfgdi. :.1.3
Ngjfqun Unmdoñokaf
Ni ngjfqun pnmdoñokaf mn su `fmnif nmuadtkvf ns ug nhnrakakf mn rnaupnrdakñg y rnmk`ngskfgd`kngtf mn ifs mkvnrsfs dpfrtns qun mnsmn su jugmdakñg ldg rndikzdmf ifs kgtnordgtns mn nstd af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd, ns mnakr, gf nxaiuyn gkgoøg afgfak`kngtf f sdcnr qun in dgtnanmd2 gf nxaiuyn gkgoøg gkvni mn id rndikmdm.
If `ks`f suanmn afg id mkvnrskmdm mn tnfràds, `ëtfmfs, prfpunstds y afrrkngtns pnmdoñokads qun, ng ni trdgsaurrkr mni tkn`pf, ldg mnsn`cfadmf ng id cøsqunmd mn gunvds ditnrgdtkvds ng ni ad`pf mni afgfak`kngtf ng ongnrdi y, ng pdrtkauidr, ng ni mni pngsd`kngtf y id nmuadakñg. [ ifs qun ng id lkstfrkd mn id Kgstktuakñg ldg skmf pdrtn mni nhnrakakf mn mfangtns y mkrnatkvfs.
Dsà, pfr nhn`pif, rntf`d mni afgstruatkvks`f su afghugtf mn tnfràds y nstrdtnokds mkmäatkads frkngtdmds d ifordr id afgstruaakñg f rnafgstruaakñg mni afgfak`kngtf pfr pdrtn mni diu`gf, nstk`uid pdrd niif id kgtnrdaakñg mn
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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nstn afg ug fchntf mn dprngmkzdhn prnvkd`ngtn mksnôdmf pfr ni mfangtn2 rnaupnrd td`ckëg mn nstn su cdsn npkstn`fiñokad qun afgskmnrd di afgfak`kngtf af`f ni rnsuitdmf mn id kgtnrdaakñg akrauidr ngtrn ni suhntf y ni fchntf, prfansf murdgtn ni audi d`cfs, suhntf y fchntf, sn trdgsjfr`dg `utud`ngtn2 if `ks`f ldan afg id k`pfrtdgakd mdmd d id kgtnrdaakñg suhntf ‑ fchntf, af`f jfr`d mn ifordr ni dprngmkzdhn, di afgskmnrdr qun nstn ns ug prfansf mn kgtnrdaakñg rnaurrngtn y qun, ng nstn afgtnxtf, ni afgfak`kngtf n`nron mni mkäifof ngtrn ni suhntf y ni fchntf2 tfmf if dgtnrkfr, skoun id djkr`dakñg mn Hndg Ukdont snoøg id audi id kgtnikongakd frodgkzd di `ugmf, sn frodgkzd d sà `ks`d. Mni skstn`d `fmuidr rnaupnrd su nstruaturd ng `ñmuifs djkgns d ug ad`pf mksakpikgdrkf, ids akngakds sfakdins pfr nhn`pif, ng jugakñg mn id kmnd mn kgtnrmksakpikgdrknmdm, qun frkngtd id daakñg nmuadtkvd ldakd ni dgäiksks mn prfcin`ds qun djnatdg di kgmkvkmuf y d id af`ugkmdm ng su afghugtf, ifadi, gdakfgdi y `ugmkdi, dsà af`f d id nidcfrdakñg mn prfynatfs ngjfadmfs d afgstrukr ids rnspunstds qun mng sfiuakñg d ifs `ks`fs.
Snaupnrd, d su vnz, ifs afgfak`kngtfs tnñrkafs, ids mnstrnzds präatkads, ids datktumns y vdifrns qun mnjkgng di skstn`d mn ’Nmuadakñg pfr Af`pntngakds‐, gf øgkad`ngtn dadmë`kads, skgf pdrd id vkmd ng ongnrdi y ifs
prfynatd ng sus ordgmns nhns mn n`prngmk`kngtf y mn vkgauidakñg afg ni `ugmf rndi, ifs audins jfr`dg pdrtn sustdgakdi mn id nstruaturd jkifsñjkad ng qun sn sustngtd nstn skstn`d nmuadtkvf2 ng nstn sngtkmf, ifs ad`pfs mnjkgkmfs pdrd prfpkakdr id kgtnordakñg mni afgfak`kngtf af`f8 id kgvnstkodakñg pnr`dgngtn, id vkgauidakñg afgstdgtn afg ni `ugmf idcfrdi (`äs diiä mni snrvkakf sfakdi) y ni snrvkakf d id af`ugkmdm, sfg ugd jfr`d mn rnaupnrdr y rnmk`ngskfgdr ni nspàrktu mn mnsdrrfiif mn af`pntngakds ng ifs nstumkdgtns.
Ni dprngmkzdhn skogkjkadtkvf, prfpunstf pfr Mdvkm Duscni pidgtnd qun ni nstumkdgtn dprngmn ug afgtngkmf (ug afganptf, ug prfanmk`kngtf, ugd gfr`d, ug vdifr, nta.) in dtrkcuyn ug skogkjkadmf, if qun quknrn mnakr qun nstn afgtngkmf tngmrä k`pikadakfgns sfcrn su dprngmkzdhn y su vkmd `ks`d, y pfmrä utkikzdrif af`f cdsn pdrd kgafrpfrdr gunvfs afgfak`kngtfs.
Dsà, ng ni `draf mn nstn skstn`d, ni dprngmkzdhn ns prfmuatf mn ug prfansf mn mnspidzd`kngtfs y arndakñg mn vàgauifs2 ng nstn, ni afgfak`kngtf n`nron mn ugd pnr`dgngtn cøsqunmd ngtrn mksakpikgds y sdcnrns, mn su rnafgstruaakñg y pnrtkgngakd, id nstruaturd aurrkauidr kgtrfmuan ifs GFMFQ kgtnrmksakpikgdrkfs d id prfpunstd nxkstngtn mn trdcdhf ng duids y frodgkzdmfs ng tfrgf d prfcin`ds y tn`ds aidvns pdrd id jfr`dakñg mni nstumkdgtn y pdrd su vkgauidakñg afg id lkstfrkd, y su `ugmf rndi.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:5
Mn nstd `dgnrd, ni ngjfqun pnmdoñokaf jugmd`ngtdi ng ni qun sn sfpfrtd ni Qkstn`d Unmdoñokaf Kgstktuakfgdi afgstktuyn ug pidgtnd`kngtf qun kgtnord ids präatkads mfangtns ng duid nxkstngtns, ifs `fmnifs pnmdoñokafs dmfptdmfs, ids ditnrgdtkvds mn adräatnr `ntfmfiñokaf qun dpfrtdrä gunvfs ad`kgfs kgaiuyngtns ng ni afgfak`kngtf, ni dprngmkzdhn mni `ks`f, ni pngsd`kngtf, id nmuadakñg y id vkmd.
Ng id gdturdinzd kgaiuskvd mn nstd prfpunstd, ln`fs dmfptdmf ids prfpunstds jugmd`ngtdins mni Ungsd`kngtf Af`pinhf mn Nmodr @fràg y su mksaursf sfcrn ni afgfak`kngtf y ni dprngmkzdhn. Afg ugd junrtn arnngakd pfr id gnanskmdm mn nmuadakñg nstk`uidmfrd qun ngsnôn d pngsdr, d kgtnrrfodr, d aunstkfgdr, d kgmdodr y d afgstrukr ugd gunvd jfr`d mn af`prngmnr id rndikmdm, di pdrtkr mn id af`pinhkmdm mn id vkmd, mni lf`crn `ks`f, mni ugkvnrsf y, ng afgsnaungakd , mni afgfak`kngtf, @fràg ld mnsdrrfiidmf ugd vkskñg oifcdi ng id qun dcfrmd ni dprngmkzdhn af`f ug afgtkguf kgdadcdmf y prfmuatf mn id rnfrodgkzdakñg y rnvkgauidakñg mn sdcnrns prnvkfs, mn prfcin`ds af`ugns y mn ids mksakpikgds mni afgfak`kngtf afg id lkstfrkd `ks`d mni kgmkvkmuf y mn su rndikmdm.
KI^Q]SDAKÑG 4 NGJFT^N UNMDOÑOKAF SOC
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:4
:.1.3.4
N I U NGQD@KNG]F A F@UINHF M N @ FSÀG
Ng nstn mksaursf mn Ungsd`kngtf Af`pinhf, sn mnsarkcn id Af`pinhkmdm af`f if qun mncn nxpikadrsn skn`prn cdhf afgtnxtfs, if qun gf punmn rnsu`krsn ng ugd pdidcrd `dnstrd f rnmuakrsn d ugd iny. Ni pngsd`kngtf y ni afgfak`kngtf, sfg ngtfgans ug tnhkmf mn afgstktuyngtns lntnrfoëgnfs kgsnpdrdcin`ngtn dsfakdmfs, ugd pdrdmñhkad rnidakñg mn if ugf y if `øitkpin, ugd `nzaid àgtk`d mn frmng y mnsfrmng. [ qun sn gfs prnsngtd af`f if kgnxtrkadcin, if ngrnmdmf, if d`ckouf, id kganrtkmu`crn.
Tun dmn`äs rnafgfan ug prkgakpkf mn kganrtkmu`crn ng ni sngf mn tfmf afgfak`kngtf. Ng id jfr`dakñg mnsmn ni pngsd`kngtf af`pinhf sn cusad qun ni nstumkdgtn pnrakcd ni afgfak`kngtf af`f ug nin`ngtf gugad af`pintf, ni sdcnr ns `uitkmk`ngskfgdi y rnidtkvf, gf sn rnmuan d tnfràds kgd`fvkcins, y d pfmnr snr adpdz mn afganckr id af`pinhkmdm mn id rndikmdm.
•
Tun sn më aungtd mn qun ni afgfak`kngtf mn ids pdrtns mnpngmn mni afgfak`kngtf mni tfmf, y qun ni afgfak`kngtf mni tfmf mnpngmn mni afgfak`kngtf mn ids pdrtns.
•
Tun rnafgfzad y dgdikan ifs jngñ`ngfs `uitkmk`ngskfgdins ng iuodr mn dksidr, `utkidr, admd ugd mn sus mk`ngskfgns.
•
Tun rnafgfzad y dgdikan ids rndikmdmns qun sfg di `ks`f tkn`pf sfikmdrkds y afgjikatkvds.
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Tun rnspntn if mkvnrsf, y qun di `ks`f tkn`pf rnafgfzad id ugkmdm. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:3
Ni Ungsd`kngtf Af`pinhf af`prngmn8
4. Af`pntngakd, pdrd prfmuakr afgfak`kngtf 3. Datkvkmdm pdrd afgsfikmdr id Af`pntngakd y ni 1. Qdcnr, af`f rnsuitdmf mn ldanr prfpkd ugd af`pntngakd
Af`pfgngtns mni Afgfak`kngtf8
Ckfiñokaf Jàskaf
Anrncrdi
Afgfak`kngtf Auiturdi
Nspkrktudi
Ikgoùàstkaf
Qfakdi
KI^Q]SDAKÑG 3 NI AFGFAK@KNG]F
Nstd vkskñg oifcdi n kgaiuyngtn, ns if qun pnr`ktn qun ng id prfpunstd pnmdoñokad mn @fràg, sn rnafhdg supunstfs tnñrkafs ng ifs qun sn cdsd ni ’Afgstruatkvks`f‐, frkngtdmds d ifordr id afgstruaakñg f rnafgstruaakñg
mni afgfak`kngtf pfr pdrtn mni diu`gf, qun nstk`uid pdrd niif id kgtnrdaakñg mn nstn afg ug fchntf mn dprngmkzdhn prnvkd`ngtn mksnôdmf pfr ni mfangtn2 rnaupnrd td`ckëg mn nstn su cdsn npkstn`fiñokad qun afgskmnrd di afgfak`kngtf af`f ni rnsuitdmf mn id kgtnrdaakñg akrauidr ngtrn ni suhntf y ni fchntf, prfansf murdgtn ni audi d`cfs, suhntf y fchntf, sn trdgsjfr`dg `utud`ngtn.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:1
Snaupnrd, d su vnz, ifs afgfak`kngtfs tnñrkafs, ids mnstrnzds präatkads, ids datktumns y vdifrns qun mnjkgng di skstn`d mn ’Nmuadakñg Ufr Af`pntngakds‐, gf øgkad`ngtn dadmë`kads skgf pdrd id vkmd ng ongnrdi y ifs
prfynatd ng sus ordgmns nhns mn n`prngmk`kngtf y mn vkgauidakñg afg ni `ugmf rndi.
Id prfpunstd mn @fràg ld skmf dafokmd pfr vdrkds mn ids gunvds afrrkngtns mn id pnmdofoàd y mn id mkmäatkad, ns dsà af`f ng id ’Unmdofoàd Mkdifodgtn‐, mn Huikäg mn Xuckràd sn rnafon ni pngsd`kngtf @frkgkdgf audgmf di snr
lu`dgf sn in mnjkgn af`f `uitkmk`ngskfgdi y tfmf prfansf nmuadtkvf af`f afgtnxtudi n lkstñrkaf. :.1.3.3
U NMDOFOÀD ] SDGQZNSQDI M N N MODS @ FSÀG
Udrd @fràg, ni prfcin`d mn id nmuadakñg datudi ns id dusngakd mn ugd jfr`dakñg afg ditd frkngtdakñg lu`dgkstd, afg sngtkmf mn kmngtkmdm, mn af`prngskñg ldakd gunstrfs sn`nhdgtns y su ngtfrgf, dsfakdmd afg ni `ugmf rndi, af`prf`ntkmd afg id sfaknmdm ng su afghugtf y id nspnakn lu`dgd ng ongnrdi, nstk`uidmfrd mn id ikcnrtdm, id rnspfgsdckikmdm, ni pftngakdi mni n`prngmk`kngtf kgmkvkmudi y afinatkvf, id kggfvdakñg y id arndtkvkmdm.
Id prfpunstd mn @fràg gdan mn ug pnmkmf nspnakdi mn id ^GNQAF ng 4;;;, qun mngtrf mn su prford`d ’Nmuadakñg pdrd ni Juturf‐, rndikzd nsjunrzfs pfr ugd Nmuada kñg Qfstngkcin, ng id qun sn rnskogkjkqung ifs
sdcnrns y sn kgtnorng di kgmkvkmuf ng ugd rnidakñg djnatkvd y vkgauidgtn afg ni `ugmf, afg su lkstfrkd y afg su juturf, ng ni prford`d mn id ^GNQAF, ns gnansdrkf trdgsjfr`dr di kgmkvkmuf mnsmn su prfpkd rndikmdm y prnpdrdrif pdrd ifs ad`ckfs afgstdgtns, pdrd ni rnspntf pfr sà `ks`f, su af`ugkmdm y id rndikmdm n lkstfrkd mni ftrf.
@fràg prfpfgn ugd nmuadakñg qun skg mn`nrktdr ftrds afrrkngtns y pfr ni afgtrdrkf, ids kgaiuyn , mncnràd afgtngnr ifs skoukngtns skntn sdcnrns8
:.1.3.1
:.1.3.1.4
I FQ Q KN]N Q DC NS NQ
N I NSSFS [ ID K I^QKÑG 8 I DQ ANO^NSDQ MNI A FGFAK@KNG]F
Udrd @fràg, ns k`pfrtdgtn qun mngtrf mn id nmuadakñg qun k`pdrtk`fs, tf`n`fs ng aungtd ni nstumkf mn ids adrdatnràstkads anrncrdins, `ngtdins y auiturdins mni afgfak`kngtf lu`dgf, puns id rndikmdm ns ugd
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:=
kgtnrprntdakñg mn ifs sngtkmfs mni qun id vkvn, mn sus prfansfs tdgtf psàqukafs af`f auiturdins qun in pnr`ktng drrknsodr ng ni nrrfr y ng id kiuskñg. Dsu`kmfs nstfs øitk`fs af`f prfansfs njnatkvfs y njkakngtns ng ni prfansf mn dprngmkzdhn, qun gf mncng snr mnsnaldmfs skgf dprfvnaldmfs ng id rnidakñg ngtrn mfangtn y nstumkdgtn.
Tun ng nstn danptdr mni nrrfr y id kiuskñg, ni afgfak`kngtf gf ns kg`utdcin, gk ids tnfràds vnrmdmns dcsfiutds. Ng mfgmn ni afgfak`kngtf y ids tnfràds qun afgfan`fs y ng ids qun kgtngtd`fs qun ni nstumkdgtn sn kgvfiuarn, gdaknrfg mn kgmkvkmufs ng ug `f`ngtf nspnakdi mn su prfpkd lkstfrkd y mn lkstfrkd mni `ugmf.
KI^Q]SDAKÑG 1 NI NSSFS
:.1.3.1.3
I FQ U SKGAKUKFQ MNI A FGFAK@KNG]F U NS]KGNG]N
Ng gunstrd nrd pidgntdrkd ns gnansdrkf ug afgfak`kngtf qun ngtkngmd ifs prfcin`ds oifcdins, ng su afgtnxtf y ng su afghugtf, ns gnansdrkf mnsdrrfiidr af`pntngakds pdrd ngtngmnr id mkvnrskmdm, id `uitkmk`ngskfgdikmdm mn ifs prfcin`ds rndins y mn ifs prfcin`ds qun in pidgtndg ifs afgfak`kngtfs qun sn dcfrmdg ng ni duid, qun ng ni mnsdrrfiif y prf`fakñg mn su arndtkvkmdm, rnvksn ifs nin`ngtfs qun if afgstktuyng y qun su dcfrmdhn sn in pnr`ktd mnsmn mkstkgtds drkstds.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:>
KI^Q]SDAKÑG = AFGFAK@KNG]F UNS]KGNG]N
:.1.3.1.1
N GQNÔDS ID A FGMKAKÑG L ^@DGD
Ns pfskcin rnafgfanr id ugkmdm y id af`pinhkmdm lu`dgd di rnugkr y frodgkzdr afgfak`kngtfs mkspnrsfs ng ids akngakds mn id gdturdinzd, ng ids akngakds lu`dgds, id iktnrdturd y id jkifsfjàd y `fstrdr id ugkñg kgmksfiucin ngtrn id ugkmdm y id mkvnrskmdm mn tfmf if qun ns lu`dgf.
KI^Q]SDAKÑG > ID AFGMKAKÑG L^@DGD
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
::
:.1.3.1.=
N GQNÔDS I D K MNG]KMDM ] NSSNGDI
Ldcrä qun snôdidr id af`pinhkmdm mn id arksks pidgntdrkd, qun `unstrd qun tfmfs ifs lu`dgfs, afgjrfgtdmfs mnsmn dlfrd afg ifs `ks`fs prfcin`ds mn vkmd y `unrtn, vkvng ng ugd `ks`d af`ugkmdm mn mnstkgf. Nstf ns, mnhdr ng ifs nstumkdgtns ugd afgakngakd ëtkad mn if oifcdi, ns ug sfif `ugmf y af`pdrtk`fs su rndikmdm y su juturf, gunstrd daakñg f kgmkjnrngakd `drad id lkstfrkd mn if prfpkf y anradgf y mn if dhngf y inhdgf.
KI^Q]SDAKÑG :. ID AFGAKNGAKD
:.1.3.1.>
N GJSNG]DS IDQ K GANS]KM^@CSNQ
Qn tngmràdg qun ngsnôdr prkgakpkfs mn nstrdtnokd qun pnr`ktdg di nstumkdgtn, djrfgtdr ifs rknsofs, if kgnspnrdmf, if kgaknrtf, y `fmkjkadr su mnsdrrfiif ng vkrtum mn ids kgjfr`dakfgns dmqukrkmds ng ni ad`kgf. Mn ids afgjrfgtdakfgns afg id tnfràd y afg ni tkn`pf. Ni afgfak`kngtf ns ugd kgtnrprntdakñg mn id rndikmdm, audgmf nstd ad`ckd, ni afgfak`kngtf nvfiuakfgd, pfr nsf, id akngakd skoun ng kgvnstkodakñg, pfrqun su gdturdinzd ns id kganrtkmu`crn.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:?
KI^Q]SDAKÑG ?. UNGQD@KNG]F NQ]SD]ËOKAF
:.1.3.1.:
N GQNÔDS ID A F@USNGQKÑG
Ns k`pfrtdgtn qun sn dcrdg nspdakfs nsafidrns pdrd id ngsnôdgzd mn id af`prngskñg `utud ngtrn lu`dgfs, tdgtf prñxk`fs af`f nxtrdôfs. Nstn sdcnr pdrd @fràg ns vktdi pdrd qun ids rnidakfgns lu`dgds sdiodg mni nstdmf ’cärcdrf‐ mn kgaf`prngskñg.
Ngsnôdr id Af`prngskñg ns vktdi pdrd qun ids rnidakfgns lu`dgds sdiodg mn su nstdmf mn kgaf`prngskñg, sn angtrdràd ng ids adusds mn ifs rdaks`fs ids xngfjfckds y ifs mnsprnakfs. (Nmuadakñg pfr id pdz.)
:.1.3.1.?
I D Ë]KAD MNI Q NS L ^@DGF
Udrd @fràg ugf mn ifs afganptfs jugmd`ngtdins ng id jfr`dakñg ns id dgtrfpfëtkad, frkngtdmd d8 ➣
Ni Snafgfak`kngtf y afgakngakd mn id trkgkmdm rnprnsngtdmd ng kgmkvkmuf-sfaknmdm-nspnakn.
➣
Tun `unstrn d id lu`dgkmdm af`f af`ugkmdm pidgntdrkd.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:<
➣
Tun jf`ngtn ugd nmuadakñg pdrd id tf`d mn afgakngakd mn gunstrd tknrrd-pdtrkd y trdmuakrid d ugd akumdmdgàd tnrrngdi.
➣
:.=
Tun afgskod ugd rnjfr`d mni pngsd`kngtf, ugd pfiàtkad mni lf`crn y ugd pfiàtkad mn akvkikzdakñg.
@FMNIFQ NM^AD]KZFQ NG ID KNM
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ, sn ld `dradmf af`f lfrkzfgtn snr ug nspdakf aknrtf y pnrtkgngtn pdrd id pfcidakñg qun dafon, ns dsà af`f dtngmkngmf d ids kgqukntumns mn ifs pdmrns mn jd`kikd, mn ifs àgmkans mn mnsnrakñg y d id arnakngtn `kordakñg mn hñvngns d id vkmd idcfrdi tn`prdgd, fjrnan mnsmn ldan falf (<) dôfs ugd ditnrgdtkvd mn id nmuadakñg trdmkakfgdi, dsu`kngmf id fjnrtd mn `fmnifs jinxkcins pdrd id mkvnrsd pfcidakñg mn ifs cdrrkfs akraugvnakgfs.
Ng sus audtrf snmns sn fjrnang ngtfgans mkjnrngtns `fmdikmdmns pdrd aursdr ni prfansf jfr`dtkvf.
Qnmn Urkgakpdi
Urnnsafidr AKMNU Cäskad Urk`drkd Cäskad Qnaugmdrkd
Qnmn ]dyrfgd
@nmkd (Cdalkiinrdtf ]ëagkaf) Urnnsafidr AKMNU Cäskad Urk`drkd Cäskad Qnaugmdrkd (Ad`kgdr ng Qnaugmdrkd) @nmkd (@N@D)
Qnmn Zkiid Mni Skf
Urnnsafidr AKMNU Cäskad Urk`drkd Hfrgdmd Øgkad
Qnmn Qk`ñg Cfiàvdr
Urnnsafidr AKMNU Cäskad Urk`drkd Hfrgdmd Øgkad
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
:;
:.=.4
AKMNU. Aàrauifs Kgtnordins Mn Nmuadakñg Urnnsafidr
Id nmuadakñg prnnsafidr afrrnspfgmn d id fjrnakmd di gkôf pdrd su mnsdrrfiif kgtnordi ng ifs dspnatfs ckfiñokafs, afogfsaktkvf, skaf`ftrkz, sfakf ‑ djnatkvf y nspkrktudi d trdvës mn nxpnrkngakds mn sfakdikzdakñg pnmdoñokad y rnarndtkvds.
Ni @fmnif Unmdoñokaf ’AKMNU‐ Aàrauifs Kgtnordins mn Nmuadakñg Urnnsafidr, pnr`ktn arndr ngtfrgfs ng ifs
audins ifs gkôfs y ids gkôds sndg ifs prftdofgkstds mn su prfpkf dprngmkzdhn ng ug d`ckngtn nstk`uidgtn, datkvf, iømkaf n kggfvdmfr, d pdrtkr mni trdcdhf pfr prfynatfs8
4. Nmuadgmf `à Djnatkvkmdm 3. Afif`ckd ni Udàs ng qun vkvf 1. Ni Naf-nafiñokaf =. Auëgtd`n ug Aungtf
]ngkngmf ng aungtd ifs skoukngtns ä`cktfs8
¿ Ä`cktf mn sà `ks`f ¿ Ä`cktf af`ugkadtkvf ng ni `ugmf, ¿ Ä`cktf tëagkaf akngtàjkaf
:.=.3
@fmnifs mn Nmuadakñg Jinxkcin
Udrd rnspfgmnr d ifs prfcin`ds mn daansf, pnr`dgngakd y pnrtkgngakd mn id nmuadakñg cäskad y `nmkd, ng au`pik`kngtf mni mnrnalf afgstktuakfgdi d id nmuadakñg, ni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi prf`unvn ni mnsdrrfiif mn ditnrgdtkvds nmuadtkvds pnrtkgngtns y jinxkcins d ids adrdatnràstkads onforäjkads, sfakdins y auiturdins mn id pfcidakñg, af`f ugd nstrdtnokd pdrd odrdgtkzdr ni mnsdrrfiif kgtnordi mn ifs gkôfs y ifs hñvngns d trdvës mn id jfr`dakñg pfr af`pntngakds. Ifs `fmnifs nmuadtkvfs jinxkcins sn prfpfgng af`f ditnrgdtkvd mn sfiuakñg pdrd d`pikdr id afcnrturd nmuadtkvd, dsfakdmd d id nxtrdnmdm mn ifs nstumkdgtns qun punmng
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?5
cngnjkakdrsn mn niid, afgsnaungakd prkgakpdi`ngtn di kgornsf tdrmàf di skstn`d y di jrdadsf nsafidr, rnjinhdmf tdgtf ng ditfs àgmkans mn rnpktngakd af`f ng ni dcdgmfgf tn`pfrdi mni skstn`d nmuadtkvf.
Ufr ftrd pdrtn, nxkstn ftrf orupf pfcidakfgdi qun, dmn`äs mn ngafgtrdrsn ng nxtrdnmdm, sn ldiid datudi`ngtn pfr junrd mni skstn`d nmuadtkvf, mnckmf d qun ifs nstdcinak`kngtfs gf pfsnng ids nstrdtnokds pdrd dtngmnr nstn tkpf mn pfcidakñg, ckng pfrqun ni jrdadsf nsafidr f prfcin`ds mn afgvkvngakd ifs nxpuisdrfg mni skstn`d nmuadtkvf, f pfrqun gf ngaungtrdg dtrdatkvf rnornsdr di skstn`d y pnr`dgnanr ng ëi. :.=.3.4
M NJKGKAKÑG
Ns ni afghugtf mn prfansfs y mn jfr`dtkvds frodgkzdmds pdrd dtngmnr mn `dgnrd pdrtkauidr ids pftngakdikmdmns mn ids pnrsfgds qun pfr mkvnrsds akraugstdgakds gf aursdrfg gkvnins ordmfs snrvkakf pøcikaf nmuadtkvf murdgtn ids nmdmns danptdmds rnouidr`ngtn pdrd aursdrifs f dquniids pnrsfgds qun mnsnng `nhfrdr sus dptktumns, ngrkqunanr sus afgfak`kngtfs y `nhfrdr sus af`pntngakds tëagkads y prfjnskfgdins.
Ni `fmnif jinxkcin pdrd `nmkd y snaugmdrkd, nstä mkrkokmf d hñvngns qun sn ngaungtrng ng sktudakñg mn nxtrd nmdm afg rnspnatf di ordmf dadmë`kaf afrrnspfgmkngtn. Id sktudakñg mn nxtrd nmdm snrä afgjfr`n d if nstdcinakmf ng ni UNK mn id Kgstktuakñg y id nstruaturd mn sus prford`ds, pidgns y nstrdtnokds mn dprngmkzdhn y ngsnôdgzd snoøg if mkspunstf pfr id Iny ng su Mnarntf 1544 mn Mkakn`crn 4; mn 4;;?.
Cdhf ifs prkgakpkfs mni Mnarntf 1544 mn Mkakn`crn 4; mn 4;;?, ng su Drtàauif 4¸. Id nmuadakñg mn dmuitfs, yd snd jfr`di, gf jfr`di f kgjfr`di ldan pdrtn mni snrvkakf pøcikaf nmuadtkvf, y sn rnokrä pfr if mkspunstf ng id Iny 44> mn 4;;=, sus mnarntfs rnoid`ngtdrkfs, ng nspnakdi ifs Mnarntfs 4<:5 mn 4;;=, 44= mn 4;;: y ids gfr`ds qun ifs `fmkjkqung f sustktuydg y if prnvkstf mn `dgnrd nspnakdi, ng ni rnjnrkmf mnarntf.
Qn rnokrä koudi`ngtn pfr ids mkspfskakfgns qun pdrd ni njnatf mkatng ids ngtkmdmns tnrrktfrkdins snoøg sus af`pntngakds.
Udrd njnatfs mn if mkspunstf ng ni mnarntf 1544, id nmuadakñg mn dmuitfs ns ni afghugtf mn prfansfs y mn daakfgns jfr`dtkvds frodgkzdmds pdrd dtngmnr mn `dgnrd pdrtkauidr ids gnanskmdmns y pftngakdikmdmns mn ids pnrsfgds qun pfr mkvnrsds akraugstdgakds gf aursdrfg gkvnins ordmfs mn snrvkakf pøcikaf nmuadtkvf, murdgtn ids
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?4
nmdmns danptdmds rnouidr`ngtn pdrd aursdrifs f mn dquniids pnrsfgds qun mnsnng `nhfrdr sus dptktumns, ngrkqunanr sus afgfak`kngtfs y `nhfrdr sus af`pntngakds tëagkads y prfjnskfgdins.
Qfg prkgakpkfs cäskafs mn id nmuadakñg mn dmuitfs8 d) Mnsdrrfiif Lu`dgf Kgtnordi, snoøg ni audi ni hfvng f ni dmuitf, kgmnpngmkngtn`ngtn mni gkvni nmuadtkvf diadgzdmf f mn ftrfs jdatfrns af`f nmdm, oëgnrf, rdzd, kmnfifoàd f afgmkakfgns pnrsfgdins, ns ug snr ng pnr`dgngtn nvfiuakñg y pnrjnaakfgd`kngtf, mftdmf mn adpdakmdmns y pftngakdikmdmns qun if ldckiktdg af`f suhntf datkvf y pdrtkakpdgtn mn su prfansf nmuadtkvf, afg dspkrdakñg pnr`dgngtn di `nhfrd`kngtf mn su adikmdm mn vkmd2 c) Unrtkgngakd, snoøg ni audi sn rnafgfan qun ni hfvng f ni dmuitf pfsnn afgfak`kngtfs, sdcnrns, ldckikmdmns y präatkads, qun mncng vdifrdrsn n kgafrpfrdrsn ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn su prfansf jfr`dtkvf2 a) Jinxkckikmdm, snoøg ni audi ids afgmkakfgns pnmdoñokads y dm`kgkstrdtkvds qun sn nstdcinzadg mncnräg dtngmnr di mnsdrrfiif jàskaf y pskafiñokaf mni hfvng f mni dmuitf, dsà af`f d ids adrdatnràstkads mn su `nmkf auiturdi, sfakdi y idcfrdi2 m) Udrtkakpdakñg, snoøg ni audi ni prfansf jfr`dtkvf mn ifs hñvngns y ifs dmuitfs mncn mnsdrrfiidr su dutfgf`àd y sngtkmf mn id rnspfgsdckikmdm qun ins pnr`ktd datudr arndtkvd`ngtn ng ids trdgsjfr`dakfgns nafgñ`kads, sfakdins, pfiàtkads, akngtàjkads y auiturdins, y snr pdrtàakpns mn ids `ks`ds.
:.=.3.3
N Q]S^A]^SD O NGNSDI MN IFQ @ FMNIFQ J IN\KCINQ
Jugmd`ngtdakñg ]nfrkaf-pnmdoñokad
Urfansfs mn Onstkñg y Dm`kgkstrdakñg
Urfansfs mn Adpdaktdakñg d Mfangtns
Urfansfs mn Qnouk`kngtf y Nvdiudakñg
@dtnrkdins Nmuadtkvfs8 Adrtkiids, ]nxtfs y @fmuifs
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?3
:.=.3.1
@ FMNIF MN N M^ADAKÑG Q NA^GMDSKD C ÄQ KA D (:µ D ;µ) AD@KGDS NG QNA^GMDSKD
’Ad`kgdr ng snaugmdrkd‐ sn afgstktuyn pdrd ids Qnarntdràds mn Nmuadakñg y ifs Nstdcinak`kngtfs Nmuadtkvfs ng
ugd nstrdtnokd pdrd id pnr`dgngakd ng id nmuadakñg cäskad snaugmdrkd mn ifs hñvngns.
Dlfrd ckng, gf sñif sn trdtd mn d`pikdr ni daansf y id pnr`dgngakd ng ni skstn`d nmuadtkvf mn ifs hñvngns ng nxtrdnmdm, skgf td`ckëg mn odrdgtkzdr qun ifs prfansfs mn dprngmkzdhn jdakiktdmfs d nstd pfcidakñg au`pidg afg ifs arktnrkfs mn adikmdm qun prfpfgn ni nstdmf afif`ckdgf pdrd sus nstumkdgtns y `ftkvdr ni (rn)kgornsf y id pnr`dgngakd nxktfsd mn nstd pfcidakñg ng id nsaunid d pdrtkr mni rnafgfak`kngtf mn sus gnanskmdmns n kgtnrnsns, if qun k`pikad ug trkpin mnsdjàf8 ugf, mn`fstrdrins d ifs hñvngns id pnrtkgngakd mn id nmuadakñg pdrd ni afgtnxtf (sfakdi y idcfrdi) ng ni qun sn mnsn`pnôdg2 mfs, dhustdr ids `ntfmfifoàds pdrd dpfydr su dprngmkzdhn d ids adrdatnràstkads mn su aftkmkdgkmdm2 y, pfr øitk`f, prfynatdr id arndakñg mn ditnrgdtkvds mn vkmd mkogd y mnsdrrfiif kgtnordi.
Fchntkvf8
Gkvnidr ni mnsjdsn nmdm-ordmf mn ifs nstumkdgtns ng afgmkakñg mn nxtrdnmdm mn ifs nstdcinak`kngtfs nmuadtkvfs, afg ni jkg mn odrdgtkzdr id afgtkgukmdm mn sus nstumkfs ng ni skstn`d rnouidr f id jkgdikzdakñg mn id nmuadakñg cäskad snaugmdrkd y, dmn`äs, jdakiktdr ni rnornsf di skstn`d mn dquniifs nstumkdgtns qun pfr mkjnrngtns `ftkvfs if ldg dcdgmfgdmf.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?1
Ngjfqun8
Mn daunrmf afg nstf, if qun cusad id nst rdtnokd ’Ad`kgdr ng snaugmdrkd‐ ns ni mnsdrrfiif kgtnordi mn ifs hñvngns
mn id zfgd rurdi, d pdrtkr mn id jfr`dakñg ng ifs skoukngtns dspnatfs8
•
Udrd ni trdcdhf y id prfmuatkvkmdm, d pdrtkr mn id k`pin`ngtdakñg mn ifs UUU,
•
Ni mnsdrrfiif mni pngsd`kngtf akngtàjkaf, d pdrtkr mn id jfr`dakñg ng af`pntngakds prfpkds pdrd id kgkakdakñg ng ids akngakds,
•
Id jfr`dakñg pdrd id kgtnrauiturdikmdm, qun k`pikad ugd datktum mn vdifrdakñg pfsktkvd ldakd id af`ugkadakñg ngtrn auiturds y ldakd id af`prngskñg mn if mkjnrngtn af`f nin`ngtf ngrkqunanmfr d gkvni kgmkvkmudi y afinatkvf2 y
•
Id jfr`dakñg pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif mn id pnrsfgdikmdm, d trdvës mn ifs nspdakfs mn sfakdikzdakñg qun fjrnan id nsaunid.
Ni mnsdrrfiif lu`dgf kgtnordi sn iinvd d adcf d pdrtkr mn audtrf afgmkakfgns cäskads qun sn prnsngtdg d afgtkgudakñg8
4. Jinxkckikmdm8 Id nstrdtnokd sn Id nstrdtnokd sn sustngtd ng prk`nr iuodr ng id jinxkckikmdm `ntfmfiñokad2 ng nstn sngtkmf, fjrnan rnspunstds d ifs jdatfrns pnmdoñokafs y mni ngtfrgf qun kgjiuyng ng id mnsnrakñg, id K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?=
afcnrturd y id njkakngakd mni skstn`d nmuadtkvf, Id jinxkckikmdm skogkjkad td`ckëg pnrtkgngakd dadmë`kad, puns id nstrdtnokd nstdcinan rnidakfgns afg ifs jkgns nmuadtkvfs, ids gnanskmdmns mni `nmkf, ni mnsdrrfiif kgmkvkmudi y ni mnsdrrfiif sfakdi y afg ifs UNK, ifs U@K d gkvni kgstktuakfgdi, pdrtkauidr`ngtn ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs Nstägmdrns Cäskafs mn Af`pntngakds 3. Unrtkgngakd8 Ns id afgmkakñg qun ldan qun id nstrdtnokd rnspfgmd d ids gnanskmdmns datudins mn ugd jfr`dakñg kgtnordi angtrdmd ng id dutfgf`àd, id kgtnrauiturdikmdm, id mn`fardakd, id pdrtkakpdakñg y id afgstruaakñg sfakdi mni afgfak`kngtf pdrd supnrdr ni mkstdgakd`kngtf ngtrn nsaunid y af`ugkmdm, sdcnr akngtàjkaf y sdcnr aftkmkdgf y ngtrn ifs prfansfs jfr`dtkvfs y id vkmd `ks`d. 1. Kgtnrmksakpikgdrknmdm8 Ng prk`nr iuodr, ngtngmkmd ng tër`kgfs mn id kgtnordakñg mn mkvnrsfs afgfak`kngtfs prfpkfs mn ids mksakpikgds qun afgjfr`dg ni pidg mn nstumkfs, d trdvës mn id mnjkgkakñg mn rnmns afganptudins, qun cdhf ug arktnrkf pnmdoñokaf, mkmäatkaf y `ntfmfiñokaf frkngtdg id nidcfrdakñg mni `dtnrkdi nmuadtkvf, pdrd mdr rnspunstd d id jfr`dakñg mn adikmdm pdrd ifs hñvngns ng nxtrdnmdm. Ng snougmf iuodr, sn ngtkngmn id kgtnrmksakpikgdrknmdm af`f id prfpunstd pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif mn d`ckngtns nmuadtkvfs, ad`pfs jfr`dtkvfs y nhnrakakfs kgvnstkodtkvfs kgtnordmfs. =. Qkogkjkadtkvkmdm8 Ngtngmkmd af`f id pfskckikmdm mn qun ifs hñvngns in ngaungtrng sngtkmf d if dprngmkmf ng id Nsaunid d trdvës mn id pfskckikmdm mn dpikadakñg ng afgtnxtfs pdrtkauidrns y id afgsfikmdakñg mn prfynatfs mn vkmd.
Id nstrdtnokd prnvë ug idpsf mn mfs (3) dôfs pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif mn id cäskad snaugmdrkd af`pintd, ns mnakr qun admd ordmf mn id cäskad snaugmdrkd sn mnsdrrfiidrä ng ug sn`nstrn, skg mnsafgfanr ifs rkt`fs mn trdcdhf y dprngmkzdhn mn ifs nstumkdgtns.
:.=.3.=
@ FMNIF MN N M^ADAKÑG @ NMKD D ADMË@KAD (45µ [ 44µ) @N@D
Ni @N@D ns ni @fmnif mn Nmuadakñg @nmkd Dadmë`kad Surdi mni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi?, cusad frkngtdr id jfr`dakñg y ifs dprngmkzdhns mn admd nstumkdgtn ng jugakñg mni `nhfrd`kngtf mn id vkmd aftkmkdgd ng ongnrdi y mn id vkmd prfmuatkvd ng pdrtkauidr.
?
lttp8//www.`kgnmuadakfg.ofv.af/avg/4::>/drtkain-4:1<>3.lt`i K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?>
Ni @N@D, ins pnr`ktn d ifs hñvngns nstumkdgtns vksudikzdr, afg diougd aidrkmdm, su prfynatf mn vkmd y mnakmkr, afg nin`ngtfs mn hukakf, sk di jkgdikzdr su cdalkiinrdtf mncng afgtkgudr afg sus nstumkfs supnrkfrns f vkgauidrsn mn `dgnrd mkrnatd di `ugmf prfmuatkvf. Jf`ngtd id kmngtkjkadakñg kgstktuakfgdi mni nstumkdgtn, mn if qun skogkjkad pdrd ëi, if qun ng niid dprngmn y in pnr`ktn kmngtkjkadr ids vngtdhds y lnrrd`kngtds qun in md ni dprngmkzdhn pdrd dsu`kr ni juturf y pfmnr iinvdr ug vkmd mkogd tdgtf pdrd ëi af`f pdrd ifs qun if rfmndg.
Nstn `fmnif, dsu`n ni ngjfqun pnmdoñokaf mn ifs Dprngmkzdhns Urfmuatkvfs y dsu`n id jfr`dakñg mni nstumkdgtn ng tfmds sus mk`ngskfgns y ng ni d`ckngtn mn su prfpkf afgtnxtf, ng`draägmfsn mngtrf mn ids nxkongakds mn jfr`dakñg qun pidgtnd ni kgjfr`n mn id ^GNQAF8 dprngmnr d afgfanr, dprngmnr d snr, d ldanr y afgvkvkr, if qun odrdgtkzd qun ni trdcdhf ng id nsaunid sn k`pin`ngtn d pdrtkr mni afgtnxtf y sn frkngtn ldakd id jfr`dakñg mn ug snr lu`dgf af`prf`ntkmf d afgtrkcukr ng id trdgsjfr`dakñg nafgñ`kad, sfakdi y auiturdi mn su ngtfrgf y nstf, skg iuodr d mumds, `nhfrdrä sus afgmkakfgns mn vkmd y ids mn sus sn`nhdgtns.
Ni @N@D sustngtd su mnsdrrfiif ng falf nstrdtnokds8
•
Jfr`dakñg mn ifs nstumkdgtns mnsmn id gfakñg mn mk`ngskfgns lu`dgds
•
Afgvnrskñg mni nstumkdgtn ng prftdofgkstd mn su prfansf mn jfr`dakñg/dprngmkzdhn.
•
]rdcdhf afg ngjfqun pnmdoñokaf mn Dprngmkzdhns Urfmuatkvfs
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]rdcdhf afg Aurràauif Oifcdikzdmfr
•
]rdcdhf nsafidr dgudi afg `f`ngtfs nspnaàjkafs
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]rdcdhf pdrakdi pfr akaifs mn dprngmkzdhn
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]rdcdhf afg Urfynatfs Urfmuatkvfs Unmdoñokafs y Frodgkzdakfgns Unmdoñokads Urfmuatkvds
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Afgvnrskñg mn id kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd ng jdatfr mn mnsdrrfiif ifadi
Ni @N@D ns ngtfgans, ugd nstrdtnokd mn mnsdrrfiif nmuadtkvf, qun sn dmdptd d ids afgmkakfgns mni afgtnxtf, qun rf`pn pdrdmko`ds, qun rnvfiuakfgd y mnsdjàd d id frodgkzdakñg nmuadtkvd y qun prnsngtd ugd ditnrgdtkvd aknrtd mn mnsdrrfiif y arnak`kngtf dadmë`kaf.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?:
:.=.1
Nmuadakñg @nmkd ]ëagkad
Id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, kgtnrnsdmd ng qun sus nstumkdgtns tngodg dmn`äs mn ugd jfr`dakñg cäskad ng su akaif nsafidr, ld prfpunstf pdrd ongnrdr mkjnrngakd y af`pntngakds nspnaàjkads ng sus nornsdmfs, d`pikdgmf sus pfskckikmdmns prfjnskfgdins y prnpdrägmfifs pdrd ni `nradmf idcfrdi.
Arndr ni cdalkiinrdtf tëagkaf ld skmf ug rntf d afgskmnrdr dôf d dôf, ifs afgtnxtfs sfakdins sfg mkgä`kafs y ifs kgtnrnsns y nxpnatdtkvds mn id pfcidakñg vdg ad`ckdgmf afg admd ongnrdakñg y aflfrtn, ns dsà qun id kgstktuakñg fjrnan d sus nstumkdgtns trns (1) ëgjdsks qun ins prnpdrdg nspnaàjkad`ngtn pdrd ugd tdrnd nspnaàjkad y sn afgvknrtng pdrd qukng dsu`n ugd prfjnskñg mkjnrngtn ng ug vdifr nxtrd d afgskmnrdr pfr id ugkvnrskmdm y/f pfr ngtfrgfs idcfrdins.
Id nmuadakñg `nmkd tëagkad prnpdrd d ifs nstumkdgtns pdrd ni mnsn`pnôf idcfrdi ng ugf mn ifs snatfrns mn id prfmuaakñg y mn ifs snrvkakfs, y pdrd d afgtkgudakñg ng id nmuadakñg supnrkfr.
Iny 44>. Drt. 13<. Nmuadakñg `nmkd tëagkad. Id nmuadakñg `nmkd tëagkad prnpdrd d ifs nstumkdgtns pdrd ni mnsn`pnôf idcfrdi ng ugf mn ifs snatfrns mn id prfmuaakñg y mn ifs snrvkakfs, y pdrd id afgtkgudakñg ng id nmuadakñg supnrkfr. Nstdrä mkrkokmd d id jfr`dakñg adikjkadmd ng nspnakdikmdmns tdins af`f8 dorfpnaudrkd, af`nrakf, jkgdgzds, dm`kgkstrdakñg, nafifoàd, `nmkf d`ckngtn, kgmustrkd, kgjfr`ätkad, `kgnràd, sdium, rnarndakñg, turks`f, mnpfrtn y ids mn`äs qun rnquknrd ni snatfr prfmuatkvf y mn snrvkakfs. Mncn kgafrpfrdr, ng su jfr`dakñg tnñrkad y präatkad, if `äs dvdgzdmf mn id akngakd y mn id tëagkad, pdrd qun ni nstumkdgtn nstë ng adpdakmdm mn dmdptdrsn d ids gunvds tnagfifoàds y di dvdgan mn id akngakd. Ids nspnakdikmdmns qun fjrnzadg ifs mkstkgtfs nstdcinak`kngtfs nmuadtkvfs, mncng afrrnspfgmnr d ids gnanskmdmns rnokfgdins.
Fchntkvfs8 •
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Id adpdaktdakñg cäskad kgkakdi pdrd ni trdcdhf2
lttp8//www.`kgnmuadakfg.ofv.af/4:34/drtkains-<>;5:VdralkvfVpmj.pmj
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
??
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Id prnpdrdakñg pdrd vkgauidrsn di snatfr prfmuatkvf y d ids pfskckikmdmns mn jfr`dakñg qun ëstn fjrnan, y
•
Id jfr`dakñg dmnaudmd d ifs fchntkvfs mn nmuadakñg `nmkd dadmë`kad, qun pnr`ktd di nmuadgmf ni kgornsf d id nmuadakñg supnrkfr.
Id Nmuadakñg @nmkd ]ëagkad ng id Kgstktuakñg nstä drtkauidmd afg ni QNGD pdrd fjrnanr d ifs nstumkdgtns ni tàtuif mn Cdalkiinr ]ëagkaf qun ftfrod id Kgstktuakñg ng nstd `fmdikmdm y mn Dprngmkz qun anrtkjkad ni QNGD ng ids nspnakdikmdmns8 CDALKIINSD]F ]ËAGKAF
Nstfs trns ëgjdsks tëagkafs y afg id drtkauidakñg rndikzdmd afg ni QNGD, sfg8
4. Af`nrakf, crkgmd id fpfrtugkmdm mn jfr`dr y mnsdrrfiidr ug nspàrktu n`prngmnmfr, adpdz mn tf`dr mnakskfgns y pdrtkakpdr mn ugd `dgnrd prfmuatkvd ng gunstrd sfaknmdm. Udrd nstd jfr`dakñg ifs nstumkdgtns dmquknrng afgfak`kngtfs ng afgtdckikmdm cäskad, inoksidakñg, onstkñg dm`kgkstrdtkvd y mfau`ngtdi y ng ongnrdi if afganrgkngtn d ids datkvkmdmns af`nrakdins mn ugd n`prnsd. 3. Qkstn`ds, afg id pfskckikmdm mn fpnrdr nqukpfs mn añ`putf, `fgktfrndr id fpnrdakñg mn skstn`ds mn af`putdakñg y ni mksnôf mn rnmns pnqunôds. Koudi`ngtn mnsdrrfiidrä afgfak`kngtfs ng dm`kgkstrdakñg mn rnmns sfakdins 1. Ninatrftnagkd, Ni nstumkdgtn ng nstd `fmdikmdm nstdrä adpdaktdmf pdrd mnsn`pnôdrsn ng trdcdhfs mn fpnrdakñg, `dgtngk`kngtf y supnrvkskñg mn rnmns n kgstdidakfgns niëatrkads mn cdhd tngskñg, sndg `fgfjäskads f trkjäskads. ]d`ckëg pfmrä mksnôdr, k`pin`ngtdr y mkrkokr kgstdidakfgns niëatrkads rnskmngakdins n kgmustrkdins.
:.>
A^SSÀA^IF
Ni aurràauif ns ni ’afghugtf mn datkvkmdmns y nxpnrkngakds rndikzdmds pfr ni diu`gfs y frkngtdmfs pfr ni nmuadmfr‐, ng jugakñg mn fchntkvfs n muadtkvfs ckng mnjkgkmfs, afg id pdrtkakpdakñg mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd. Udrd ni @.N.G, ’Ni aurràauif ns ni afghugtf mn arktnrkfs, pidgns mn nstumkf, prford`ds, `ntfmfifoàds y prfansfs
qun afgtrkcuyng d id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi y d id afgstruaakñg mn id kmngtkmdm auiturdi, gdakfgdi, rnokfgdi y ifadi, kgaiuyngmf td`ckëg ifs rnaursfs lu`dgfs, dadmë`kafs, jàskafs pdrd pfgnr ng präatkad ids pfiàtkads y iinvdr adcf ni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi‐ .
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?<
Ni Aurràauif ld skmf dmdptdmf d ids gnanskmdmns mni ngtfrgf, id auiturd, ids nxpnatdtkvds mn ifs nmuadgmfs, ni mnsdrrfiif akngtàjkaf, tnagfiñokaf y tëagkaf, ifs mkdogñstkafs qun sn ldg nidcfrdmf sfcrn id cdsn mn admd ugf mn ifs af`pfgngtns mn id kgstktuakñg y ifs rnsuitdmfs jfr`dtkvfs mni dôf dgtnrkfr pdrd id cøsqunmd mn id nxaningakd, qun sn jugmd`ngtd ng ifs prkgakpkfs qun rkong id nmuadakñg.
Ni pidg mn nstumkfs mn id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, af`prngmn tfmf ni qunldanr aurrkauidr kgtnordmf pfr ids ärnds, nstrdtnokds, sdcnrns y `ntfmfifoàds nvdiudtkvds qun tkngng af`f prfpñsktf ifordr ug dprngmkzdhn kgtnordi mni nstumkdgtn ng tfmds sus mk`ngskfgns8 afogktkvd, vfiktkvd, lkstñrkad, d`ckngtdi, auiturdi y ëtkad.
Ifs pidgns mn nstumkf sn cdsdg ng id Afgstktuakñg Ufiàtkad mn Afif`ckd, id Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg (Iny 44> mn 4;;=), ni mnarntf 45?> mn 354>, snaakñg :, ifs nstägmdrns y ikgnd`kngtfs aurrkauidrns y mn`äs mkspfskakfgns n`dgdmds mni @.N.G.
Id prfpunstd pnmdoñokad, trdzd ifs skoukngtns jkgns8
➣ ➣
Urfpkakdr ni dprngmkzdhn datkvf y skogkjkadtkvf qun afgmuzad d ugd jfr`dakñg kgtnordi @nhfrdr prfornskvd`ngtn ids pftngakdikmdmns mn ifs nstumkdgtns di rnspntdr sus mkjnrngakds kgmkvkmudins y ifs rkt`fs mn dprngmkzdhn.
➣
Jfr`dr ug nmuadgmf af`pntktkvf, `nmkdgtn id afgstruaakñg mn ifs sdcnrns qun mnsdrrfiing sus ldckikmdmns y audikmdmns kgvnstkodtkvds, drtàstkads, auiturdins y tnagfiñokads d trdvës mni Cdalkiinrdtf tëagkaf.
➣
Ldanr qun id Kgstktuakñg snd afgstruatfrd mn akumdmdgfs rnspfgsdcins, qun ifs prnpdrn pdrd qun sndg pdrtàakpns mni mnsdrrfiif y prfornsf mn su rnokñg.
➣
Urfaurdr qun ni nornsdmf mn id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds tnr`kgn su akaif mftdmf mn ids audikmdmns qun nxkon ni pnrjki mn id `ks`d.
➣
^ckadr di nstumkdgtn nspdakdi y tn`pfrdi`ngtn pdrd mnsdrrfiidr datktumns pnr`dgngtns mn supnrdakñg, qun if adpdaktng pdrd su juturd jfr`dakñg prfjnskfgdi y mnsn`pnôf ng id sfaknmdm.
➣
Mnsdrrfiidr ng ifs gkôfs y hñvngns id adpdakmdm aràtkad y dgdiàtkad mni nspàrktu akngtàjkaf `nmkdgtn ni prfansf mn dmqukskakñg mn ifs prkgakpkfs mn admd ugd mn ids ärnds mni afgfak`kngtf, pdrd qun pdrtkakpn ng id cøsqunmd mn ditnrgdtkvds mn sfiuakñg d ifs prfcin`ds ifadins, y rnokfgdins.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
?;
➣
Urfpngmnr pfr ugd nmuadakñg kgtnordi afgtnxtudikzdmd ng id pnrsfgd, cusadgmf id jfr`dakñg y pftngakdr sus ldckikmdmns pdrd mnsn`pnôdrsn ng audiquknr `nmkf.
➣
Mnsdrrfiidr d adcdikmdm ni tkpf mn nvdiudakñg qun prfpfgn snr afgtkgød, kgtnordi, skstn`ätkad, jinxkcin, kgtnrprntdtkvd, pdrtkakpdtkvd y jfr`dtkvd.
:.>.4
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Fchntkvfs Mni Aurràauif
Uidgndr y frodgkzdakñg mn datkvkmdmns pdrd id jfr`dakñg, Id kgstruaakñg y id afgstruaakñg mn afgfak`kngtfs mni nstumkdgtn afg id jkgdikmdm mn cusadr su mnsdrrfiif kgtnordi.
•
]ngnr ng aungtd ifs jugmd`ngtfs jkifsñjkafs y ifs fchntkvfs kgstktuakfgdins prnnstdcinakmfs pdrd cusadr ni `dyfr danrad`kngtf pfskcin, di pnrjki mni diu`gf kmndi qun dspkrd prnpdrdr id Kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd.
:.>.3
:.>.3.4
Afganptfs Jugmd`ngtdins
Q NS L ^@DGF
Ni snr lu`dgf ns `uitkmk`ngskfgdi, ns d id vnz jàskaf, ckfiñokaf, psàqukaf, auiturdi, sfakdi n lkstñrkaf. Ns ng nsngakd ug ngtrd`dmf af`pinhf ng mfgmn afgjiuyng sus prfpkds adrdatnràstkads y ids mn su sfaknmdm, id lkstñrkad, id prnsngtn y id juturd.
:.>.3.3
I D N GQNÔDGXD
Id nmuadakñg sn mncnrä angtrdr ng dyumdr ifs diu`gfs pdrd qun mnakmdg if qun sfg y if qun quknrng iinodr d snr. Qn cdsd ng id kmnd mn qun ’tfmfs sfg mkjnrngtns, y ifs dyumd d snr `äs af`f niifs y `n gfs af`f ifs mn`äs‐.
:.>.3.1
N Q]^MKDG]N .
•
Ns ug ngtn kgmkvkmudi, øgkaf y mkjnrngtn mn ifs mn`äs.
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Ns ug snr afg kgkakdtkvd, gnanskmdmns pnrsfgdins y mn dutf mntnr`kgdakñg, afg pftngakdikmdmns mn mnsdrrfiidr datkvkmdmns y sfiuakfgdr prfcin`ds arndtkvd`ngtn.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<5
•
Gf ns sfid`ngtn ug snr qun pdrtkakpd mnsmn if afogktkvf ng id aidsn, td`ckëg mnsmn if djnatkvf y vdifrdtkvf.
:.>.3.=
@ DN Q] SF .
Ni `dnstrf mncn8
➣
Udrtkr skn`prn mn ids pftngakdikmdmns y gnanskmdmns kgmkvkmudins.
➣
Ouàd ng ni mkäifof mn sdcnrns y ng ni mnsdrrfiif y nstruaturd mn pngsd`kngtf aràtkaf
➣
Qnr ug jdakiktdmfr mn id adpdakmdm pftngakdi mn dutfrrndikzdakñg.
➣
Ldanr nsjunrzfs mkmäatkafs pdrd qun ids datkvkmdmns sndg dutf-mkrkokmds. jfr`ngtdr dsà, ni dprngmkzdhn y id arndtkvkmdm.
➣
:.>.3.>
Jdakiktdr tfmfs ifs rnaursfs qun nstëg d su diadgan.
D USNGMKXDHN .
Ni snr lu`dgf tkngn ugd adpdakmdm kggdtd pdrd ni dprngmkzdhn. Nstn iinod d snr skogkjkadtkvf, audgmf kgvfiuard d id pnrsfgd af`f tftdikmdm y sn mnsdrrfiid ng jfr`d nxpnrk`ngtdi. Qnrä `ualf `äs pnrmurdcin y prfjugmf qun ifs dprngmkzdhns cdsdmfs ng id `nrd rnanpakñg y dau`uidakñg mn afgfak`kngtfs.
:.>.1
Nstruaturd Aurrkauidr
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<4
KI^Q]SDAKÑG < NQ]S^A]^SD A^SSKA^IDS
:.>.=
Kgtnordakñg y Nvdiudakñg Aurrkauidr
Ni Urfansf mn Kgtnordakñg mn Afgtngkmfs Aurrkauidrns (UKAA) ns id lnrrd`kngtd qun frkngtd ni prfansf mn rnvkskñg y datudikzdakñg mn id onstkñg aurrkauidr d trdvës mn daakfgns nspnaàjkads qun pnr`ktng8
•
Snafgfanr y dgdikzdr ni afgtnxtf kgstktuakfgdi (adrdatnrkzdakñg dadmë`kad, pnmdoñokad y pfcidakfgdi mni
nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf), •
]f`dr mnakskfgns cdsdmds ng ifs ldiidzofs mn id rnvkskñg pdrd `dtnrkdikzdrids ng `ntds d afrtf y
`nmkdgf pidzf, pdrd prfpfgnr daakfgns afgarntds pdrd diadgzdr ids `ntds y ni añ`f ldanr snouk`kngtf pdrd id skstn`dtkzdakñg mni prfansf mn jfrtdinak`kngtf.
:.>.=.4
•
U SFUÑQK]FQ
Urf`fvnr id mnjkgkakñg y punstd ng `drald mn ug prfansf mn kgtnordakñg mn af`pfgngtns aurrkauidrns
di kgtnrkfr mni Nstdcinak`kngtf Nmuadtkvf frkngtdmf di `nhfrd`kngtf mn ifs dprngmkzdhns mn ifs nstumkdgtns d trdvës mn id drtkauidakñg mn ifs prfansfs mn ngsnôdgzd-dprngmkzdhn, nvdiudakñg y daf`pdôd`kngtf pnmdoñokaf. • Jf`ngtdr ni ikmnrdzof pnmdoñokaf mni Mkrnatkvf Mfangtn af`f onstfr mn nstrdtnokds pdrd ni `nhfrd`kngtf kgstktuakfgdi y mn ifs dprngmkzdhns mn ifs nstumkdgtns, d trdvës mn ug trdcdhf ng nqukpf afg ifs mfangtns mn su Nstdcinak`kngtf Nmuadtkvf.
:.>.=.3
•
D AAKFGNQ SNDIKXDMDQ NG ID KGQ]K]^AKÑG
354=. Qn rndikzd dgäiksks mn id mfau`ngtdakñg kgstktuakfgdi y afg id pdrtkakpdakñg mn id af`ugkmdm
nmuadtkvd sn rndikzdg trns tdiinrns pdrd kgtnordr ids pdrtkakpdakfgns y dpfrtns. •
354>. Snvkskñg mni @fmnif Unmdoñokaf y dprfpkdakñg mni ’Qkstn`d Unmdoñokaf‐ cdsdmf ng ifs prkgakpkfs
jfr`dtkvfs mn Nmodr @fràg, Qn ngtrnodg pfr pdrtn mn ifs iàmnrns mn prfansf id mfau`ngtdakñg prnpdrdmd8 UNK, @DG^DI MN AFGZKZNGAKD. • 354:, Qfakdikzdakñg mn @fmnif Unmdoñokaf, rnvkskñg mn Uidgns mn Ärnd y Duid, Dmnaudakñg mn ifs `ks`fs. Zksktd mni Iàmnr mn Hfrgdmd Øgkad. Dprfpkdakñg mn @dtnrkdins Qkn`prn Mkd N. Nhnrakakfs afg MCD,
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<3
rnsuitdmfs pruncds QDCNS, Urkfrkzdakñg mn dprngmkzdhns, `diids mn dprngmkzdhns y ng ongnrdi kgsu`fs n`dgdmfs pfr @.N.G.
:.>.>
Ids Uräatkads Mn Duid.
Ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs afgtngkmfs prford`ätkafs mngtrf mni duid `nmkdgtn id dpikadakñg mn nstrdtnokds mn `ëtfmfs datkvfs qun in pnr`ktdg di nmuadgmf vkvngakdr ni afgfak`kngtf, di sktudr id rndikmdm ng ug afgtnxtf, rnjinxkfgdgmf sfcrn ëstd y datudgmf afgsnaungtn`ngtn pdrd rntrfdik`ngtdrifs.
Qk ldcid`fs mn ug aurràauif dcknrtf d ids nxpnatdtkvds mn ifs nstumkdgtns y mn ug dprfvnald`kngtf ñptk`f mn tfmds ids pfskckikmdmns pdrd dprngmnr, mncn prfpkakdrsn ni daansf d mkjnrngtns `fmdikmdmns nmuadtkvds, tdgtf ng sktudakfgns prnsngakdins af`f vkrtudins2 tf`dr id datudikzdakñg mn id nmuadakñg afgtkgud, id jinxkckikmdm mn id nmuadakñg dcknrtd, dsà af`f id pfskckikmdm mn supnrdr prfcin`ds mn tkn`pf y nspdakf afg ids nstrdtnokds qun fjrnan id nmuadakñg d mkstdgakd, if audi supfgn dsu`kr ug ngjfqun làcrkmf, `uitk`fmdi, mfgmn sn tf`n if `nhfr mn admd ugd mn niids, ng ug d`ckngtn qun ongnrn mkjnrngtns sktudakfgns mn dprngmkzdhn y, mnsmn iunof, ugd prfpunstd kgtnordmd.
:.>.:
Id @ntfmfifoàd.
Qn afgakcn ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs prfansfs jfr`dtkvfs af`f ugd `ntfmfifoàd datkvd cdsdmd ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn nstrdtnokds qun afgiinvng di dprngmkzdhn mn afgfak`kngtfs mn `dgnrd datkvd n kgangtkvn ni dprngmnr d dprngmnr, id nmuadakñg ng vdifrns, id sdgd afgvkvngakd y ni aukmdmf mni `nmkf d`ckngtn. Ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids dskogdturds sn dpikadg nstrdtnokds y `ëtfmfs pnmdoñokafs datkvfs y vkvngakdins qun kgaiuyng id nxpfskakñg, id fcsnrvdakñg, id nxpnrk`ngtdakñg, id präatkad, ni idcfrdtfrkf, ni tdiinr mn trdcdhf, id kgjfr`ätkad nmuadtkvd, ni nstumkf pnrsfgdi y ifs mn`äs nin`ngtfs qun afgtrkcuydg d ug `nhfr mnsdrrfiif afogktkvf y d ugd `dyfr jfr`dakñg mn id adpdakmdm aràtkad, rnjinxkvd y dgdiàtkad mni nmuadgmf (Drt. 1>. Iny 44> mn 4;;4)
:.>.:.4
N Q]SD]NOKDQ [ ] ËAGKADQ M N N GQNÔDGXD .
•
Ids nstrdtnokds mn duid sfg jinxkcins y mn dpnrturd.
•
Urfvnng dprngmkzdhns skogkjkadtkvfs y vkvngakdins.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<1
•
Mdg prk`daàd d afgmuatds arndtkvds.
•
Urfpkakdg `dyfr dutfgf`àd d ifs diu`gfs.
•
Mdg id fpfrtugkmdm d ifs diu`gfs mn datudr ng jfr`d afidcfrdtkvd.
•
Nstk`uidg d ifs diu`gfs pdrd qun rndikang su nvdiudakñg pnrsfgdi
•
Diougds tëagkads y `ëtfmfs qun punmng snr utkikzdmfs pdrd mnsdrrfiidr ug d`ckngtn mn ikcnrtdm8
:.>.?
f
Afgstrukr sfcrn prfcin`ds pnrakckmfs af`f rndins.
f
Urfpfrakfgdr rnaursfs.
f
]rdcdhdr id kgvnstkodakñg y nidcfrdakñg mn prfynatfs
]rdgsvnrsdikzdakñg
Ni ngjfqun pnmdoñokaf mn su @fmnif Nmuadtkvf ns ug nhnrakakf mn rnaupnrdakñg y rnmk`ngskfgd`kngtf mn ifs mkvnrsfs dpfrtns qun mnsmn su jugmdakñg ldg rndikzdmf ifs kgtnordgtns mn nstd af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd, ns mnakr, gf nxaiuyn gkgoøg afgfak`kngtf f sdcnr qun in dgtnanmd2 gf mnhd mn idmf gkgoøg gkvni mn id rndikmdm.
If `ks`f suanmn afg id mkvnrskmdm mn tnfràds, `ëtfmfs, prfpunstds y afrrkngtns pnmdoñokads qun, ng ni trdgsaurrkr mni tkn`pf, ldg ongnrdmf ng id cøsqunmd mn gunvds ditnrgdtkvds ng ni ad`pf mni afgfak`kngtf ng ongnrdi y, ng pdrtkauidr, ng ni mni pngsd`kngtf y id nmuadakñg. Dmn`äs, ifs qun ng id lkstfrkd mn id Kgstktuakñg ldg skmf pdrtn mni nhnrakakf mn mfangtns y mkrnatkvfs.
:.:
HFSGDMD ØGKAD
@ualfs nstumkfs mn`unstrdg qun id mfcin hfrgdmd nsafidr prnsngtd njnatfs pfsktkvfs ng id adikmdm mn id nmuadakñg k`pdrtkmd d ifs nstumkdgtns.
Ni adsf `äs rnprnsngtdtkvf ld skmf ni alkingf, qukngns ng 4;;? tf`drfg id mnakskñg mn du`ngtdr ni tkn`pf mn hfrgdmd nsafidr y dadcdr ordmudi`ngtn afg id mfcin hfrgdmd. Nstd `nmkmd k`pdatñ mn `dgnrd pfsktkvd id adikmdm dadmë`kad mn sus nstumkdgtns.
Ftrd sktudakñg qun ldg ngafgtrdmf diougfs kgvnstkodmfrns ns qun ifs mfangtns qun idcfrdg ng id hfrgdmd mn id tdrmn tkngmng d dusngtdrsn `äs y ng ongnrdi nstäg `ngfs prnpdrdmfs.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<=
Qn ld mn`fstrdmf td`ckëg qun id hfrgdmd øgkad mks`kguyn id pfskckikmdm mn nxpfgnr d ifs nstumkdgtns d mkjnrngtns rknsofs, af`f ni pdgmkiiks`f, n`cdrdzf dmfinsangtn f ni kgornsf d orupfs mnikgaungakdins.
Ns dsà af`f ng ni pidg mn mnsdrrfiif 354=-354< sn rnjfr`d ni drtàauif <> mn id iny 44> mn 4;;=, qun nstdcinaàd qun ni snrvkakf nmuadtkvf sn prnstdrä ng ifs nstdcinak`kngtfs nmuadtkvfs ng ugd sfid hfrgdmd mkurgd, qunmdgmf nstn dsà8 Hfrgdmds ng ifs nstdcinak`kngtfs nmuadtkvfs8 Ni snrvkakf pøcikaf nmuadtkvf sn prnstdrä ng ids kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds ng hfrgdmd øgkad, id audi sn mnjkgn pdrd tfmfs ifs njnatfs, af`f id hfrgdmd nsafidr ng id audi ifs nstumkdgtns mnsdrrfiidg datkvkmdmns qun jfr`dg pdrtn mni pidg mn nstumkfs mni nstdcinak`kngtf nmuadtkvf murdgtn di `ngfs skntn (?) lfrds di màd. ]rdtägmfsn mn Cäskad Urk`drkd ni tkn`pf mnmkadmf di pidg mn nstumkfs snrä di `ngfs mn snks (:) lfrds. Di kgtnrkfr mn id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg Mn Id Cdstkmds sn prfanmkñ d rndikzdr ug dgäiksks mn gunstrd sktudakñg qun pnr`ktknrd ldanr trägsktf ldakd id hfrgdmd øgkad.
:.:.4
Fchntkvfs
•
Mnsdrrfiidr datkvkmdmns kgtnordmds di aurràauif y pidg mn nstumkfs.
•
Ldanr dhustns d ids kgtngskmdmns lfrdrkfs jfrtdinakngmf ids ärnds cäskads.
•
Ni jfrtdinak`kngtf mn af`pntngakds `dtn`ätkads, af`ugkadtkvds y akngtàjkads.
•
Ldanr ugd rnvkskñg ongnrdi di usf pnmdoñokaf mni tkn`pf nsafidr, y dmnidgtdr dhustns d ifs pidgns mn nstumkfs y aurràauifs.
:.:.3
Jugakñg Qfakdi
D prfpñsktf mn id jugakñg sfakdi, Dxni Skvds ; dgftd qun nstd ns ugf mn ifs fchntkvfs jugmd`ngtdins ng pdàsns afg d`pikfs pfrangtdhns mn pfcrnzd y mnskoudimdm. Udrd nstn dutfr id hfrgdmd af`pintd pnr`ktn rnmuakr ifs rknsofs d ifs qun sn nxpfgng ifs gkôfs y hñvngns tdins af`f ids dmkaakfgns f id mnikgaungakd. ]d`ckëg mks`kguyn
;
Skvds, D. (354>). D`ërkad Idtkgd mnspuës mn UKQD8 Inaakfgns dprngmkmds mn id nmuadakñg ng skntn pdàsns (3555-354>). Cungfs Dkrns8 AKUUNA-Gdturd-Kgstktutf Gdturd. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<>
ni trdcdhf kgjdgtki di tkn`pf qun pnr`ktn `dyfrns kgornsfs pdrd ifs lfodrns pfr id pfskckikmdm mn qun id `dmrn trdcdhn. Zninmd dornod qun dtngmnr ni tn`d mni aukmdmf y id prftnaakñg sfakdi sn lkzf ugd gnanskmdm urongtn ng D`ërkad Idtkgd ng ni afgtnxtf mn kgafrpfrdakñg mn id `uhnr ng ni `nradmf idcfrdi y id prfjugmkzdakñg mn id mnskoudimdm.
:.:.1
K`pin`ngtdakñg mn id Hfrgdmd Øgkad ng id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds.
Kgkakd ni prford`d mn Hfrgdmd Øgkad ng ni dôf 354> afg ifs ordmfs <µ, ;µ, 45µ y 44µ mn id snmn prkgakpdi y afg ni ordmf >µ mn cäskad prk`drkd ng id snmn ]dyrfgd, ng id datudikmdm, id prk`drkd mn id snmn mn ZKIID MNI SKF, nstä ng su tftdikmdm ng Hfrgdmd Øgkad, ifs ordmfs >µ mn id Urkgakpdi y ]dyrfgd, id nstrdtnokd ns qun ng ni dôf 3535, id Hfrgdmd Øgkad nstë k`pin`ngtdmd ng ids trns snmns y ng tfmfs ifs gkvnins, d nxanpakñg mni Cdalkiinrdtf afg `fmdikmdm mn Nmuadakñg Jinxkcin.
Udrd su k`pin`ngtdakñg y skoukngmf ifs Mnarntfs 45?> mn 354> y >54 mn 354:, ng ni dôf 354>, ni prford`d mn lfrds mkdrkds y sn`dgdins nstdcd mkstrkcukmf mn id skoukngtn `dgnrd8
Gkvni Nmuadtkvf
Lfrds Mkdrkds
Lfrds Qn`dgdins
Nmuadakñg prnnsafidr
:
15
Nmuadakñg Cäskad Urk`drkd
?
1>
Nmuadakñg Cäskad Qnaugmdrkd
<
=5
Nmuadakñg @nmkd
<
=5
]DCID =. MKQ]SKC^AKÑG LFSDSKD HFSGDMD ØGKAD MNASN]F 45?> MN 354>
Ng ni dôf 354< y cdhf id `fmkjkadakñg k`punstd pfr ni Mnarntf 345> mn 354?, sn mkstrkcuyng mn id skoukngtn `dgnrd8 Gkvni Nmuadtkvf
Lfrds Mkdrkds
Lfrds Qn`dgdins
Nmuadakñg prnnsafidr
>
3>
Nmuadakñg Cäskad Urk`drkd
:
15
Nmuadakñg Cäskad Qnaugmdrkd Nmuadakñg @nmkd ]ëagkad
? ?
1> 1<
]DCID >. DS]ÀA^IF 3.1.1.:.4.: M^SDAKÑG MN ID HFSGDMD ØGKAD.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<:
Udrd au`pikr afg if qun rnzd ng ni mnarntf sfcrn id jfr`d ng qun mncng snr usdmds nstds lfrds, id kgstktuakñg arnd ifs nspdakfs pdrd mnsdrrfiidr mfs prfynatfs jugmd`ngtdins y prfjugmkzdr ng ni dprngmkzdhn mn ugd snougmd ingoud. Ifs prfynatfs UKINF y @D]NF (Znr adpàtuif :.<), d`cfs prfynatfs prntngmng `fmkjkadr ni dcfrmdhn mn ifs dprngmkzdhns ng Adstniidgf y @dtn`ätkads n kgtnordr ugd vkskñg `äs iømkad y rndi mn su ngsnôdgzd.
:.?
UIDG MN NQ]^MKFQ
Ids mkrnatrkans inodins ng Id Kgstktuakñg, ni Uidg mn Nstumkfs sn mnjkgn af`f8 ’Ni nsqun`d nstruaturdmf mn ids
ärnds fcikodtfrkds y jugmd`ngtdins y mn ids ärnds fptdtkvds afg sus rnspnatkvds dskogdturds y prfynatfs pnmdoñokafs. Ni `ks`f mncn nstdcinanr ifs fchntkvfs pfr gkvnins, ordmfs y ärnds, id `ntfmfifoàd, id mkstrkcuakñg mni tkn`pf y ifs arktnrkfs mn nvdiudakñg y dm`kgkstrdakñg mn daunrmf afg ni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi y ids mkspfskakfgns inodins vkongtns‐. (Drtàauif ?; mn id Iny 44>/;=).
Udrd mnsdrrfiidr ni pidg mn nstumkfs sn punmng pidgtndr vdrkfs prkgakpkfs, ngtrn niifs8
•
Urkgakpkf akngtàjkaf mn id ngsnôdgzd8 Nxkon qun tfmds ids dskogdturds f ärnds mni pidg mn nstumkf tngodg pingd afrrnspfgmngakd afg ni gkvni mn mnsdrrfiif mn id akngakd, id tëagkad y afg ifs iforfs prfpunstfs pdrd ni gkvni mn mnsdrrfiif mn id akngakd, id tëagkad y afg ifs iforfs prfpunstfs pdrd ni gkvni afrrnspfgmkngtn (prnnsafidr, cäskad f `nmkd).
•
Urkgakpkf mn id skstn`dtkzdakñg mn id ngsnôdgzd8 Di snr id nmuadakñg ug prfansf, ns gnansdrkf ugkjkadr n kgtnordr ids dskogdturds, mn tdi jfr`d qun ids ärnds sn frmngng skoukngmf ni mnsdrrfiif mn id jkifsfjàd kgstktuakfgdi, ifs jkgns mn id nmuadakñg y ifs prnanptfs afgstktuakfgdins cusadgmf qun mn ugd tnfràd akngtàjkad sn iinoun d ftrd, mn `dgnrd lkivdgdmd y drtkauidmd, if audi mncn pids`drsn ng jfr`d frodgkzdmd.
•
Urkgakpkf mn nafgf`àd8 Afgskstn ng afgfanr ni pidg mn nstumkfs prfpunstfs pfr admd ärnd pdrd nvktdr id rnmugmdgakd kggnansdrkd mn diougfs afgtngkmfs y prfaurdr ni afrrnatf mnsdrrfiif mn ids tn`ätkads prfpunstds.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
•
Urkgakpkf mn aidskjkadakñg8 Qk ckng ng mkvnrsfs drtàauifs mn id iny 44>/;=, ngtrn niifs ni 4:. 35. 34. 33. 31. 3=. 3>. 15. 14. 13, sn pidgtnd id cdsn mni pidg mn nstumkfs, nstfs sn mncng aidskjkadr mn daunrmf afg ids gnanskmdmns sfakfauiturdins mn id af`ugkmdm, pdrd prkvkinokdr d ugfs sfcrn ftrfs y mn niifs pidgtndrsn id kgtngskmdm lfrdrkd y prfpkakdr ug `dyfr aucrk`kngtf mn ids gnanskmdmns mntnatdmds ng ni mkdogñstkaf.
•
Urkgakpkf mn af`ckgdr id tnfràd afg id präatkad8 ns id jfr`d af`f tfmf afgfak`kngtf sn dpikad d id sfiuakñg mn prfcin`ds afgarntfs, ng id vkmd mn id kgstktuakñg f mn su ngtfrgf y afgskstn ng id nidcfrdakñg mn tnfràds pdrd dpikadrids2 ifs idcfrdtfrkfs hunodg ug pdpni mn su`d k`pfrtdgakd. Nstf fcikod d ids aidsns mn präatkads, nhnrakakf ng audmnrgfs, sdikmds mn ad`pf, prdatkads mni snrvkakf sfakdi fcikodtfrkf. Ng ftrfs tër`kgfs, ns vkgauidr id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd afg id vkmd y dsà afgtrkcukr ng id trdgsjfr`dakñg sfakdi.
•
Urkgakpkf mn skstn`dtkakmdm8 Ns `krdr ifs fchntkvfs yd dgftdmfs ng ni prkgakpkf mn aidskjkadakñg y mdrins skstn`dtkakmdm prfpkd, mdrins ugd `naägkad prfpkd qun mnsdrrfiin ug frmng iñokaf ngtrn ids ärnds y qun nstds prfpkakng ugd af`ckgdakñg kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd y `nmkf sfakdi pdrd afgtrkcukr d su trdgsjfr`dakñg. Qn mncn tngnr prnsngtn id adpdakmdm mn fcsnrvdakñg mn ifs diu`gfs, sus kgtnrnsns, id nxpnrkngakd mfangtn, id pdrtkakpdakñg af`ugktdrkd y id cungd sninaakñg mn ifs `nmkfs mn ngsnôdgzd. Qn tkngn dsà ug mnsdrrfiif ingtf, pnrf sñikmf mni prfansf nmuadtkvf.
Ni Uidg mn Nstumkfs mn id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds sn adrdatnrkzd pfr snr8
•
Dcknrtf8 Jdakiktd ni dgäiksks mn id prfcin`ätkad ifadi, gdakfgdi y oifcdi.
•
Jinxkcin8 Qn dmdptd afg jdakikmdm d id rndikmdm kgstktuakfgdi.
•
Kgtnordi8 Dtkngmn ids mkjnrngtns mk`ngskfgns mni snr lu`dgf y mn id sfaknmdm.
•
Qnaungakdi8 Af`pinhkzd ifs afganptfs d `nmkmd qun sn dvdgzd ng ni prfansf nmuadtkvf, tngkngmf ng aungtd ni ordmf mn `dmurdakñg y mn dmqukskakñg mn afgfak`kngtfs mn ifs nstumkdgtns.
•
Udrtkakpdtkvf8 Ng su nidcfrdakñg, k`pin`ngtdakñg y rnvkskñg sn tkngng ng aungtd ifs dpfrtns mn ifs kgtnordgtns mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<<
KI^Q]SDAKÑG ;. UIDG MN NQ]^MKFQ
:.?.4
:.?.4.4
Mk`ngskfgns mni Uidg mn Nstumkfs
Ä SNDQ MN J FS@DAKÑG UDSD NI
@ ^GMF S ND I
Ng nstd ärnd sn afgtkngng ifs afganptfs mkspunstfs pfr ni @NG pdrd ni trdcdhf pfr ordmfs y `fmdikmdmns, y ni ëgjdsks mkspunstf pfr id kgstktuakñg af`f pdrtn mn su pnrjki.
Mdmf qun ni `fmnif prfpunstf cusad jfr`dr pdrd qun ni nstumkdgtn snd adpdz mn kgtnrdatudr afg ni `ugmf rndi, af`pinhf y ad`ckdgtn, dsu`n, af`f prkgakpkf prfpkf, id gnanskmdm mn jf`ngtdr ng ni nstumkdgtn ni läcktf mn pngsdr, rnjinxkfgdr, fcsnrvdr, mksautkr, prnougtdr, dgdikzdr, pnradtdrsn, jfr`uidr kmnds y iunof afgjrfgtdrids ng ni ldanr y datudr pdrd, di jkgdikzdr, rnkgkakdr ni akaif ng ugd nspkrdi mn dutfdprngmkzdhn pnr`dgngtn.
Ufr niif, sn ngtkngmn ni prfansf mn id trdgsjnrngakd y dprnlngskñg mn afgfak`kngtf af`f ni nin`ngtf angtrdi mn id nmuadakñg qun cusad fjrnanr. ]rdgsjnrkr afgfak`kngtf gf ns trdgsjnrkr kgjfr`dakñg2 ni mfangtn mncn cusadr id `dgnrd mn pfgnr di nstumkdgtn ng ugd sktudakñg mn dprngmkzdhn tdi, qun in pnr`ktd vnr ni `ugmf afg
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
<;
fhfs mn prnougtd. K`pikad, afifadr di nstumkdgtn ng sktudakñg mn kgtnrdaakñg afg ifs fchntfs mn dprngmkzdhn, afg ni jkg mn qun ëstn rnafgstruyd ifs afgfak`kngtfs gnansdrkfs d su jfr`dakñg.
ÄSND
@D]N@Ä]KADQ
AKNGAKDQ GD]^SDINQ
AKNGAKDQ QFAKDINQ AKNGAKDQ NAFGÑ@KADQ [ UFIÀ]KADQ JKIFQFJÀD L^@DGKMDMNQ ADQ]NIIDGF L^@DGKMDMNQ KGOIËQ NM^ADAKÑG DS]ÀQ]KAD NM^ADAKÑG JKQ. SNA. [ MNUFS]NQ ]NAGFIFOÀD N KGJFS@Ä]KAD ËGJDQKQ AF@NSAKDI ËGJDQKQ NG KGJFS@Ä]KAD ËGJDQKQ NG NINA]SF]NAGKD
:.?.4.3
DQKOGD]^SD DSK]@Ë]KAD ONF@N]SÀD NQ]DMÀQ]KAD DIONCSD ]SKOFGF@N]SÀD ADIA^IF AKNGAKDQ GD]^SDINQ CKFIFOÀD T^À@KAD JÀQKAD AKNGAKDQ QFAKDINQ AKNGAKDQ NAFGÑ@KADQ [ UFIÀ]KADQ JKIFQFJÀD INGO^D ADQ]NIIDGD KGOINQ NM^ADAKÑG DS]ÀQ]KAD NM^ADAKÑG JÀQKAD, SNASNDAKÑG [ MNUFS]NQ ]NAGFIFOÀD N KGJFS@Ä]KAD AFG]DCKIKMDM K AFG]DCKIKMDM KK QFJ]_DSN LDSM_DSN NINA]SKAKMDM K NINA]SKAKMDM KK
M NQDSSFIIF MN A F@UN]NGAKDQ
Cdhf ni gf`crn mn Mnsdrrfiif mn Af`pntngakds, sn nstruaturdg nspdakfs pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif mn ldckikmdmns y lnrrd`kngtds afogktkvds y präatkads, qun aruzdg, ng jfr`d trdgsvnrsdi, di aurràauif ng tfmfs ifs ad`pfs mni afgfak`kngtf mnsdrrfiidmfs ng ids dskogdturds, prfynatfs y GFMFQ.
Zksudi`ngtn sfg ngtrd`dmfs qun sn trdzdg ng jfr`d lfrkzfgtdi ng tfmfs ifs gkvnins. Nstä mnstkgdmf d arndr y rnarndr ldckikmdmns afg ug vdifr nsngakdi pdrd odrdgtkzdr qun ni nstumkdgtn, tngod kgstruaakfgns nspnakdins ng
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
;5
ärnds qun in sfg djkgns d audiquknr prfynatf dcfrmdmf y qun in pnr`ktng dvdgzdr ng sus gkvnins mn dprnlngskñg y afgfak`kngtf.
Qn nspnrd qun ongnrn lnrrd`kngtds pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif mni pngsd`kngtf af`pinhf, y id dmqukskakñg mn lnrrd`kngtds øtkins pdrd id arndakñg y id prfmuatkvkmdm ng su sngtkmf d`pikf. Jugon af`f nspdakf kgtnordmfr mn sdcnrns y nxpifrdr lnrrd`kngtds präatkads pdrd id vkmd.
AF@UN]NGAKDQ SDXFGD@KNG]F IÑOKAF [ @D]N@Ä]KAF AF@USNGQKÑG INA]FSD - INA]^SD ASÀ]KAD NM^ADAKÑG D@CKNG]DI AÄ]NMSD MN ID UDX N@USNGMK@KNG]F
:.?.4.1
D USNGMKXDHNQ K G]NOSDMFSNQ
Nsangdrkf ng ni audi sn mdrä ni mkäifof mn sdcnrns, tdgtf mn dquniifs qun prfanmdg mn ids mfs ärnds dgtnrkfrns8 id mn Jfr`dakñg pdrd ni @ugmf Sndi y id mn Mnsdrrfiif mn Af`pntngakds, af`f td`ckëg mn ifs qun sn ongnrng ng id skgnrokd mni `ugmf kgtnrkfr mn id Kgstktuakñg, añ`f mn su af`ugkmdm, kgaiuyngmf, mn `dgnrd `uy nspnakdi, ifs qun n`nrong mn gunstrds trdmkakfgns2 nstn ad`pf nstdrä adrdatnrkzdmf pfr ni jugakfgd`kngtf mn ug sn`kgdrkf pnr`dgngtn, ng ni audi sn nstk`uidrä id rnjinxkñg afinatkvd, ni mncdtn, id frdtfrkd, ni ngsdyf y id pfëtkad, dsà af`f id nxtngskñg prford`dmd, drtkauidmd y pnr`dgngtn ldakd datkvkmdmns kgtnordmfrds af`f8 id kgvnstkodakñg, id vkvngakd idcfrdi y, `uy nspnakdi`ngtn, afg id präatkad mni snrvkakf af`ugktdrkf y sfakdi.
Ng nstd ärnd ngtfgans ln`fs rnugkmf ifs Urfynatfs Unmdoñokafs ]rdgsvnrsdins qun ni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi ld mnaidrdmf af`f fcikodtfrkfs y ug nspdakf nspnakdi iid`dmfs GFMFQ, ng ifs qun sn prf`unvn gf sñif id trdgsvnrsdikmdm mn ldckikmdmns nspnaàjkads skgf ni trdcdhf prford`dmf mn admd ugd mn ids dskogdturds mni ordmf. Ns dsà qun d af`kngzfs mni dôf nsafidr ifs mfangtns mni ordmf, sn rnøgng pdrd prford`dr datkvkmdmns y tdiinrns, mncdtns, trdcdhfs präatkafs, nta. sfcrn ordgmns tn`ds mni aurràauif mni ordmf y ng admd nspdakf sn trdcdhdrä mnsmn su sdcnr, af`pin`ngtdgmf ug prfynatf oifcdi, qun snrä fchntf mn snouk`kngtf y nvdiudakñg murdgtn id Qn`dgd Auiturdi ng id Kgstktuakñg.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
;4
:.?.3
:.?.3.4
Uidg mn Nstumkfs pfr Gkvni
N M^ADAKÑG U SNNQAFIDS
Lfrdrkf Snouidr ÄSND Ä@CK]F ]ËAGKAF AKNG]ÀJKAF
Ä@CK]F MN QK @KQ@F
Ä@CK]F AF@^GKAD]KZF NG NI @^GMF
KLQ Af`pntngakds gu`ërkads
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:.?.3.3
KLQ Af`pntngakds gu`ërkads
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Af`pntngakds Inatfrds y Nsarktfrds
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Ifs Uidgns Mn Ärnd y mn Duid.
Qn afgtnxtudikzdg mn daunrmf afg ids nxkongakds datudins, nhnraktd di Nmuadgmf ng id sfiuakñg mn prfcin`ds aftkmkdgfs, sninaakfgdmfs pfr tngnr rnidakñg mkrnatd afg ni ngtfrgf sfakdi, auiturdi, akngtàjkaf y tnagfiñokaf mni diu`gf. Au`pin id jugakñg mn afrrnidakfgdr, kgtnordr y ldanr datkvfs ifs afgfak`kngtfs, ldckikmdmns y mnstrnzds, datktumns y vdifrns ifordmfs ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn mkvnrsds ärnds. (Drt. 1:, Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg, Iny 44> mn 4;;4)
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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:.?.1.4
Ä SND MN A KNGAKDQ G D] ^S DI NQ
Zkvk`fs ugd ëpfad ng id audi id akngakd y id tnagfifoàd faupdg ug iuodr jugmd`ngtdi ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs puncifs y ng id vkmd aftkmkdgd mn ids pnrsfgds. Ä`cktfs tdg aruakdins mn gunstrd nxkstngakd af`f ni trdgspfrtn, id mn`fardakd, ids af`ugkadakfgns, id tf`d mn mnakskfgns, id dik`ngtdakñg, id `nmkakgd, ni ngtrntngk`kngtf, ids drtns n kgaiuskvn, id nmuadakñg ngtrn `ualfs `äs, nstäg skogdmfs pfr ifs dvdgans akngtàjkafs y tnagfiñokafs. Ng tdi sngtkmf, pdrnan mkjàaki qun ni snr lu`dgf iforn af`prngmnr ni `ugmf y mnsngvfivnrsn ng ëi skg ugd jfr`dakñg akngtàjkad cäskad.
Ng ug `ugmf admd vnz `äs af`pinhf, ad`ckdgtn y mnsdjkdgtn, rnsuitd dprn`kdgtn qun ids pnrsfgds aungtng afg ifs afgfak`kngtfs y lnrrd`kngtds gnansdrkds qun prfvnng ids akngakds pdrd af`prngmnr su ngtfrgf (ids sktudakfgns qun ng ëi sn prnsngtdg, ifs jngñ`ngfs qun dafgtnang ng ëi) y dpfrtdr d su trdgsjfr`dakñg, skn`prn mnsmn ugd pfsturd aràtkad y ëtkad jrngtn d ifs ldiidzofs y ngfr`ns pfskckikmdmns qun fjrnang ids akngakds. Qdcn`fs ckng qun dsà af`f ni afgfak`kngtf akngtàjkaf ld dpfrtdmf cngnjkakfs di mnsdrrfiif mn id lu`dgkmdm, td`ckëg ld ongnrdmf ngfr`ns mnsnqukikcrkfs.
Af`f if vnrn`fs dquà, jfr`dr ng Akngakds Gdturdins ng id Nmuadakñg Cäskad y @nmkd skogkjkad afgtrkcukr d id afgsfikmdakñg mn akumdmdgfs y akumdmdgds adpdans mn dsf`crdrsn, fcsnrvdr y dgdikzdr if qun dafgtnan d su dirnmnmfr y ng su prfpkf snr2 jfr`uidrsn prnougtds, cusadr nxpikadakfgns y rnafonr kgjfr`dakñg2 mntngnrsn ng sus ldiidzofs, dgdikzdrifs, nstdcinanr rnidakfgns, ldanrsn gunvds prnougtds y dvngturdr gunvds af`prngskfgns2 af`pdrtkr y mncdtkr afg ftrfs sus kgqukntumns, sus `dgnrds mn prfanmnr, sus gunvds vkskfgns mni `ugmf2 cusadr sfiuakfgns d prfcin`ds mntnr`kgdmfs ldanr usf ëtkaf mn ifs afgfak`kngtfs akngtàjkafs, tfmf if audi dpikad pfr koudi pdrd jngñ`ngfs tdgtf gdturdins af`f sfakdins.
Jfr`dr lf`crns y `uhnrns qun ad`kgng mn id `dgf mn ids akngakds pdrd vnr y datudr ng ni `ugmf, pdrd sdcnrsn pdrtn mn ëi, prfmuatf mn ugd lkstfrkd qun vkngn afgstruyëgmfsn ldan `kiifgns mn dôfs afg id afghuodakñg mn jngñ`ngfs gdturdins, kgmkvkmudins y sfakdins, pdrd ngtngmnr qun ng ni pidgntd afgvkvk`fs snrns `uy mkvnrsfs y qun, prnaksd`ngtn ng nsd mkvnrskmdm, nstä id pfskckikmdm mn ngrkqunanrgfs.
Dsà ngtfgans, tngn`fs id rnspfgsdckikmdm mn fjrnanr d ifs gkôfs, gkôds y hñvngns ugd jfr`dakñg ng akngakds qun ins pnr`ktd dsu`krsn af`f akumdmdgfs y akumdmdgds rnspfgsdcins, ng ug `ugmf kgtnrmnpngmkngtn y
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
;:
oifcdikzdmf, afgsakngtns mn su af`prf`ksf tdgtf afg niifs `ks`fs af`f afg ids af`ugkmdmns d ids qun pnrtngnang.
Di Mfangtn, pfr su pdrtn in afrrnspfgmn ni af`prf`ksf mn rf`pnr ids dtdmurds qun if suhntdg d pdrdmko`ds y nsqun`ds trdmkakfgdins, pdrd dtrnvnrsn d prfpfgnr y mnsdrrfiidr gunvds ditnrgdtkvds qun fcnmnzadg d id rndikmdm lkstñrkad ng id audi tkngn iuodr su qunldanr pnmdoñokaf. Ng ni ä`cktf kgstktuakfgdi ns k`prnsakgmkcin diadgzdr id ugkmdm mn arktnrkf pdrd id prnsngtdakñg mn ugd prfpunstd aurrkauidr, ng id audi gf nxkstd iuodr pdrd id mudikmdm `ntfmfiñokad qun ng øitk`d iinvdràd di nmuadgmf di adfs nxkstngakdi, mkiuyëgmfsn mn nsd `dgnrd audiquknr pfskckikmdm mn prfornsf ng ni mnsdrrfiif lu`dgf n kgtninatudi mni suhntf.
^g vdikfsf dpfrtn ng ni ad`pf mn id kgvnstkodakñg pnmdoñokad afrrnspfgmn di rndikzdmf pfr ni afgstruatkvks`f af`f pnrspnatkvd `ntfmfiñokad pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif mn adpdakmdmns qun pnr`ktdg id jfr`dakñg mn pnrsfgds af`pntngtns ng ug afgtnxtf sfakdi, qun ng gkgoøg `f`ngtf sn mnsikod mni afgtnxtf oifcdi. @äs diiä mn snr ugd prfpunstd mn `fmd afg dkrns mn kggfvdakñg y qun sn prnsngtd lfy af`f ugd ditnrgdtkvd väikmd ng gunstrf skstn`d nmuadtkvf, ni Afgstruatkvks`f rnafon mkvnrsfs dpfrtns lnalfs mnsmn id rnjinxkñg npkstn`fiñokad, pskafiñokad y mkmäatkad.
Ifs Afgstruatkvkstds sn kmngtkjkadg afg ni nstruaturdiks`f prfpunstf ng id npkstn`fifoàd ongnätkad mn Hndg Ukdont y id jkifsfjàd mn N``dguni Bdgt, ng id qun sn prfpfgn id adpdakmdm mni snr lu`dgf sñif pdrd afgfanr ni jngñ`ngf rnsuitdgtn mn id kgtnrdaakñg ngtrn suhntf afgfanmfr y ni fchntf d nstumkdr, skg iinodr d afgfanr hd`äs ni fchntf ng sà. Mkalf ng ftrds pdidcrds ni afgfak`kngtf mn id vnrmdm ns ug prfansf afgstruatkvf n kgmnjkgkmf ng mfgmn ni suhntf cusad danradrsn d niid af`f ng ug ià`ktn `dtn`ätkaf. Mn tdi prfansf ld mn rnsuitdr id afgstruaakñg mn ug afgfak`kngtf qun ng gkgoøg `f`ngtf pknrmn mn vkstd ni adräatnr suchntkvf (pnranpakñg kgmkvkmudi mni suhntf).
Ng dpfyf d id tnfràd Bdgtkdgd, Hndg Ukdont suoknrn qun ni mnsdrrfiif mn id kgtnikongakd lu`dgd sn prfmuan ng ntdpds f nstdmkfs, if qun k`pikad ad`ckfs skogkjkadtkvfs afg ni tkn`pf ng id gdturdinzd y ifs af`pfgngtns mn id kgtnikongakd. Ng admd nstdmkf ni suhntf af`prngmn n kgtnrprntd ni `ugmf mn mkjnrngtns `dgnrds, mägmfin mkjnrngtn skogkjkadakñg d ifs nstà`uifs f kgjfr`dakñg prfvngkngtn mn su ngtfrgf. Ng akngakds gdturdins sn dsu`n id afgstruaakñg mni afgfak`kngtf af`f ni prfmuatf mn id kgtnrdaakñg mni suhntf afg su ngtfrgf, qun punmn
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
;?
iinvdrsn d adcf ng mkjnrngtns afgtnxtfs mntnr`kgdmfs pfr id rnidakñg tkn`pf-nspdakf, pfr if audi sn afgakcn af`f ug prfansf afgtkguf qun gdan afg ni kgmkvkmuf y sn mnsdrrfiid d if idrof mn su vkmd.
:.?.1.4.4
F CHN]KZF O NGNSDI
Mnsdrrfiidr ng ni nstumkdgtn ug pngsd`kngtf akngtàjkaf mngtrf mni afgtnxtf mn ug prfansf mn mnsdrrfiif lu`dgf kgtnordi, nquktdtkvf y sfstngkcin qun in prfpfrakfgn ugd afganpakñg mn sà `ks`f y mn sus rnidakfgns dr`ñgkads afg id sfaknmdm y id gdturdinzd, afg id prnsnrvdakñg mn id vkmd ng ni pidgntd, pdrd afgtdr afg ugd tnfràd mni `ugmf gdturdi.
:.?.1.4.3
D QKOGD]^SDQ D QFAKDMDQ
•
Akngakds Gdturdins
•
Ckfifoàd
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Tuà`kad
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:.?.1.3
Ä SND MN A KNGAKDQ Q FAKDINQ
Id nmuadakñg ns ugf mn ifs `nadgks`fs `nmkdgtn ifs audins id sfaknmdm kgafrpfrd d ifs kgmkvkmufs af`f `kn`crfs mn niid2 ns mnakr ns ugf mn ifs `nmkfs pdrd trdgsjfr`dr d ifs lf`crns ng suhntfs prnpdrdmfs pdrd id vkmd, ns dsà af`f id Kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd sn afgvknrtn ng ni iuodr mfgmn ns pfskcin id jfr`dakñg mn akumdmdgfs afg ugd nsadid mn vdifrns qun in pnr`ktdg tf`dr mnakskfgns dutñgf`ds y rnspfgsdcins dgtn audiquknr sktudakñg.
Ni ärnd mn Akngakds Qfakdins afgsakngtn mn ids gnanskmdmns nmuadtkvds qun prnsngtd gunstrd sfaknmdm d gkvni Ifadi, Snokfgdi, Gdakfgdi y @ugmkdi prfpfgn ng su prford`d diougds nstrdtnokds, ngjfquns y prkgakpkfs qun afgiinvng di diu`gf d fptdr ad`ckfs datktumkgdins, qun afgtrkcuyd d af`prngmnr ifs jngñ`ngfs sfakdins mn `dgnrd aràtkad pdrd dvdgzdr ldakd ifs afgfak`kngtfs ldakd id kgvnstkodakñg qun afgiinvn ng ni af`prf`ksf mn id prfcin`ätkad mni ngtfrgf sfakdi.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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Ns k`pfrtdgtn mnstdadr qun ni prford`d mn Akngakds Qfakdins prntngmn ngtrn sus af`prf`ksfs, vnidr y `nhfrdr pfr id adikmdm mn vkmd mni gkôf y hfvng, prnsnrvdr y mnsdrrfiidr ugd afgakngakd ldakd ugd jfr`dakñg aràtkad ldakd ifs jngñ`ngfs sfakdins afg ni prfpñsktf mn jfr`dr hñvngns afg nspàrktu akngtàjkad adpdz mn pidgtndr prnougtds sfcrn id adusds y afgsnaungakds mn ifs jngñ`ngfs sfakdins, pdrd afgtrkcukr ng ifs prfansfs mn nxpnrk`ngtdr n kgtnrprntdr y mdr rnspunstds d ids lkpñtnsks cdsdmds ng id drou`ngtdakñg tnñrkad pdrd id sfiuakñg mn prfcin`ds sfakdins, nafgñ`kafs pfiàtkafs.
Udrd id nidcfrdakñg mn nstn prford`d sn ld tngkmf ng aungtd ifs jkgns mn id nmuadakñg afgtn`pidmfs ng id Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg y ifs ikgnd`kngtfs y nstägmdrns aurrkauidrns mni ärnd mn Akngakds Qfakdins, skg pnrmnr mn vkstd qun id prnsngtn vnrskñg snrä sf`ntkmd pnr`dgngtn`ngtn di dgäiksks y rnnstruaturdakfgns mni `dtnrkdi aurrkauidr, d trdvës mn ifs audins sn afgtkgudrä ni prfansf mn `nhfrd`kngtf, y jfrtdinak`kngtf mn gunstrf U.N.K.
Ni ärnd mn ids akngakds sfakdins mn snr ug nspdakf qun ldod pfskcin ids nxpnrkngakds nmuadtkvds mfgmn sn pidgtndg y dgdikzdg jfr`ds mn dprngmnr ni `ugmf, mn nxpikadrif, mfgmn sn prnsngtdg prfanmk`kngtfs pdrd dgtkakpdrsn, djrfgtdr y rnsfivnr prfcin`ds.
D trdvës mn nstn prfynatf pnmdoñokaf sn rnafon y pids`d ni nspàrktu ongnrdi mn ids akngakds sfakdins, jdakiktd id dsk`kidakñg, id dprfpkdakñg mn tnfràds y `ëtfmfs mnsdrrfiidmfs d trdvës mn id kgvnstkodakñg qun gfs dpfrtdg nin`ngtfs mn rnjinxkñg sfcrn id rndikmdm qun gfs rfmnd.
Md`fs k`pfrtdgakd nsngakdi di auitkvf mn ldckikmdmns pdrd mnsaucrkr d pdrtkr mn id prfpkd nxpnrkngakd, d ifs arktnrkfs pdrd dgdikzdr y tf`dr mnakskfgns di mnsdrrfiif mn vdifrns, mn datktumns n`prngmnmfrds, afgakikdmfrds, sfikmdrkds d id nstruaturdakñg mn nstrdtnokds afogktkvds, af`ugkadtkvds pdrd id cøsqunmd y usf afgskngtn y sfakdi mni afgfak`kngtf.
Ni prfynatf prntngmn pidgtndr gunvds ditnrgdtkvds y pnrspnatkvds qun prf`unvdg ni kgtnrës ldakd ifs prfcin`ds sfakdins, `nmkdgtn prfansfs aidrfs, jinxkcins y nvdiudcins.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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:.?.1.3.4
F CHN]KZFQ O NGNSDINQ
Ifordr qun ni nstumkdgtn supnrn ids arnngakds kgtuktkvds y ids vkskfgns pdrakdins qun tkngn mn id rndikmdm sfakdi y dvdgan ldakd id afgstruaakñg mn afganptfs y tnfràds qun in pnr`ktdg nidcfrdr kgtnrprntdakfgns y nxpikadakfgns admd vnz `äs oifcdins y af`pinhds.
Urntngmnr qun ifs nstumkdgtns sn vdydg jfr`dgmf ng ugd datktum akngtàjkad, dcknrtd, jinxkcin, aràtkad y dutfaràtkad y dgtk-mfo`ätkad2 qun ins pnr`ktd dcfrmdr ni dprngmkzdhn mni ärnd mnsmn ugd `krdmd arndtkvd y afgstruatkvd.
Ifordr qun ni afgfak`kngtf dadmë`kaf sn vkgauin afg ni afgfak`kngtf aftkmkdgf, qun ifs sdcnrns ugkvnrsdins sn rnidakfgng afg ifs ifadins y qun nstn nhnrakakf mn `utud rntrfdik`ngtdakñg snd ugd präatkad pnr`dgngtn, arndtkvd y øtki pdrd ifs nstumkdgtns.
:.?.1.1
Ä SND M N L ^@DGKMDMNQ I NGO^D A DQ ]N II DG D
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds ngjfad su idcfr ldakd id kggfvdakñg, jfrtdinak`kngtf y ni `nhfrd`kngtf mn id adikmdm mni prfansf nmuadtkvf2 mn koudi `dgnrd id afgvkvngakd pdaàjkad pdrd dpfydr ni mnsdrrfiif mn id sfaknmdm. Id prfpunstd pnmdoñokad mni ärnd mn lu`dgkmdmns ‑ Ingoud Adstniidgd nstä ng`dradmd mngtrf ifs Ikgnd`kngtfs Aurrkauidrns mni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg, prnsngtd ug ngjfqun Qn`kñtkaf y Jugakfgdi. Ni audi sn angtrd ng id afgstruaakñg n kgtnrprntdakñg mn skogkjkadmfs, rnafgfakngmf qun vkvk`fs ng ugd ëpfad mfgmn sn prkvkinokdg ifs skogfs, pfr nstf sn in mncng mdr cdsns d ifs nstumkdgtns pdrd qun punmdg d trdvës mn nstfs afgstrukr afgfak`kngtfs y ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds
Ni ngjfqun jugakfgdi ns `uy k`pfrtdgtn y pnrtkgngtn, nstn tkngn qun vnr afg ids af`pntngakds af`ugkadtkvds, ids audins afrrnspfgmng d if ord`dtkadi, if tnxtudi, if sn`ägtkaf, if prdo`ätkaf, if ngakaifpëmkaf, iktnrdrkf y pfëtkaf. Mnsmn ni ärnd sn cusad mnsdrrfiidr ids af`pntngakds pdrd qun ni nstumkdgtn punmd dpikadr ifs afgfak`kngtfs dmqukrkmfs ng ids ftrds dskogdturds y ng ifs prfcin`ds qun sn in prnsngtng ng su afgtnxtf.
Id tdrnd ns prnpdrdr di akumdmdgf mn lfy, mdrin tfmds ids lnrrd`kngtds pdrd qun punmd rnsfivnr y ngjrngtdr ifs prfcin`ds mn id sfaknmdm, mn ugd `dgnrd sdgd, afg sngtkmf af`øg, afg ni mkäifof, afg arktnrkfs kgtninatudins
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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y `frdins aidrfs. Ng afgaiuskñg, gf ns sfif afgfanr, skgf td`ckëg sdcnr ldanr. If dgtnrkfr sn ifordrä `nmkdgtn ug trdcdhf junrtn ng nqukpf, jfr`ds kggfvdmfrds mn ngsnôdr, ifs afgfak`kngtfs prnvkfs mn ifs nstumkdgtns, id `ftkvdakñg afgstdgtn mni `dnstrf y ni snouk`kngtf y dpfyf pnr`dgngtn di prfansf mni nstumkdgtn.
:.?.1.1.4
F CHN]KZF O NGNSDI
Mnsdrrfiidr ng ni nstumkdgtn ids ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds pdrd nsarkckr, nsaualdr, innr, y ldcidr, pdrd af`prngmnr y nxprnsdrsn afrrnatd`ngtn ng ug afgtnxtf mntnr`kgdmf2 cusadgmf dsà ug mnsdrrfiif kgtnordi y pnr`dgngtn d jkg mn pfskckiktdr id afgstruaakñg mn su prfynatf mn vkmd mn `dgnrd rnspfgsdcin y dutñgf`d.
:.?.1.=
Ä SND MN L ^@DGKMDMNQ K GOIËQ
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, ngjfad su idcfr ldakd id kggfvdakñg, jfrtdinak`kngtf y ni `nhfrd`kngtf mn id adikmdm mni prfansf nmuadtkvf2 mn koudi `dgnrd id afgvkvngakd pdaàjkad pdrd dpfydr ni mnsdrrfiif mn id sfaknmdm. Gunstrd prfpunstd pnmdoñokad ng`dradmd ng ifs Ikgnd`kngtfs Aurrkauidrns mni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg, Id Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg qun nstdcinan af`f ugf mn sus jkgns ’Ni nstumkf y id af`prngskñg aràtkad mn id auiturd gdakfgdi y mn id mkvnrskmdm ëtgkad y auiturdi mni pdàs, af`f jugmd`ngtf mn id ugkmdm gdakfgdi y mn su kmngtkmdm‐. Ng id `ks`d iny sn jkhdg af`f fchntkvfs mn id Nmuadakñg Cäskad y @nmkd ’Id dmqukskakñg mn nin`ngtfs mn afgvnrsdakñg y mn inaturd, di `ngfs ng ugd ingoud nxtrdghnrd‐ y ’Id af`prngskñg y id adpdakmdm mn nxprnsdrsn ng ugd ingoud nxtrdghnrd.
Ifs prfansfs mn ngsnôdgzd-dprngmkzdhn mni kmkf`d nxtrdghnrf kgoiës sn `krdg mnsmn ug ngjfqun af`ugkadtkvf, sn`kñtkaf y jugakfgdi, ni audi sn angtrd ng id afgstruaakñg n kgtnrprntdakñg mn skogkjkadmfs, mägmfins cdsns d ifs nstumkdgtns pdrd qun d trdvës mn nstfs punmdg afgstrukr afgfak`kngtfs y ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds.
Dprngmnr ugd ingoud nxtrdghnrd ns ugd fpfrtugkmdm kgvdiudcin pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif sfakdi, auiturdi y afogktkvf mn ifs nstumkdgtns.
Id adpdakmdm mn nxprnsdrsn ng ugd ingoud nxtrdghnrd pnr`ktkrä d ifs nstumkdgtns snr af`pntngtns ng nstn `ugmf oifcdikzdmf, mfgmn ni afgfak`kngtf mn ugd snougmd ingoud admd màd sn ldan ugd nxkongakd pdrd pfmnr kgtnrdatudr afg mkjnrngtns auiturds y nxpdgmkr sus fpfrtugkmdmns y `nhfrd`kngtf mn su adikmdm mn vkmd, yd qun
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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id kgstktuakñg sn ngaungtrd uckadmd ng ugd akumdm turàstkad, mfgmn ni `dgnhf mn ugd ingoud nxtrdghnrd, nspnakdi`ngtn ni kgoiës ns mn vktdi k`pfrtdgakd.
Mnsmn id dskogdturd sn crkgmdräg nspdakfs d ifs nstumkdgtns pdrd mnsdrrfiidr ids ldckikmdmns mn Sndmkgo, spndbkgo, ikstngkgo, dgm wrktkgo, qun sfg ids cdsns nsngakdins pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds, ugkjkadgmf ifs gkvnins mni @draf Af`øg mn Snjnrngakd Nurfpnf (@ANS) y mnsdrrfiidgmf ni Urfynatf mn Ckikgoùàs`f mngtrf mni ärnd. :.?.1.=.4
F CHN]KZF O NGNSDI
Jfr`dr snrns lu`dgfs adpdans mn mnsdrrfiidr sus af`pntngakds y ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds ng kmkf`d nxtrdghnrf kgoiës.
:.?.1.>
Ä SND MN @ D] N@ Ä] KA DQ
Ng ids `dtn`ätkads ng ongnrdi, Jfr`uidr, pidgtndr, trdgsjfr`dr y rnsfivnr prfcin`ds d pdrtkr mn sktudakfgns mn id vkmd aftkmkdgd, mn ids ftrds akngakds y mn ids `dtn`ätkads `ks`ds, rnquknrn dgdikzdr id sktudakñg2 kmngtkjkadr if rninvdgtn ng niid2 nstdcinanr rnidakfgns ngtrn sus af`pfgngtns y afg sktudakfgns sn`nhdgtns2 jfr`drsn `fmnifs `ngtdins mn niid y rnprnsngtdrifs nxtnrgd`ngtn ng mkstkgtfs rnokstrfs2 jfr`uidr mkstkgtfs prfcin`ds, pfskcins prnougtds y pfskcins rnspunstds qun surhdg d pdrtkr mn niid.
Nstn prfansf ongnrdi rnquknrn mni usf jinxkcin mn afganptfs, prfanmk`kngtfs y mkvnrsfs ingoudhns pdrd nxprnsdr ids kmnds `dtn`ätkads pnrtkgngtns y pdrd jfr`uidr, rnjfr`uidr, trdtdr y rnsfivnr ifs prfcin`ds dsfakdmfs d mkald sktudakñg. Nstds datkvkmdmns td`ckëg kgtnordg ni rdzfgd`kngtf, ng tdgtf, nxkong jfr`uidr drou`ngtfs qun Hustkjkqung ifs dgäiksks y prfanmk`kngtfs rndikzdmfs y id vdikmnz mn ids sfiuakfgns prfpunstds. Ifs akgaf prfansfs ongnrdins qun sn afgtn`pidrfg ng ifs Ikgnd`kngtfs Aurrkauidrns mn @dtn`ätkads sfg8 jfr`uidr y rnsfivnr prfcin`ds2 `fmnidr prfansfs y jngñ`ngfs mn id rndikmdm2 af`ugkadr2 rdzfgdr, y jfr`uidr af`pdrdr y nhnraktdr prfanmk`kngtfs y diofrkt`fs.
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:.?.1.>.4
F CHN]KZF O NGNSDI
Mnsdrrfiidr adpdakmdmns pdrd ni rdzfgd`kngtf iñokaf, `nmkdgtn ni mf`kgkf mn ifs skstn`ds gu`ërkafs, onf`ëtrkafs, iñokafs dgdiàtkafs, mn afghugtfs, mn fpnrdakfgns y rnidakfgns, dsà af`f pdrd su utkikzdakñg ng id kgtnrprntdakñg y sfiuakñg mn ifs prfcin`ds mn id akngakd, mn id tnagfifoàd y mn id vkmd aftkmkdgd.
:.?.1.>.3
D QKOGD]^SDQ D QFAKDMDQ
•
Drkt`ëtkad
•
Onf`ntràd
•
Nstdmàstkad
•
Äioncrd
•
]rkofgf`ntràd
•
Aäiauif
:.?.1.:
Ä SND MN N M^ADAKÑG D S]ÀQ]KAD
Id Nmuadakñg Drtàstkad ns ugf mn ifs af`pfgngtns mni aurràauiu` mn id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, afg ëstn, sn prntngmn mnsdrrfiidr ng ifs nstumkdgtns ids ldckikmdmns y mnstrnzds y ifs mkstkgtfs dspnatfs qun kgtnordg id pnrsfgdikmdm mn ifs diu`gfs y afgstktuyn ug `nmkf nstrdtëokaf pdrd jfrtdinanr id rnidakñg mn ifs nmuadgmfs afg su ngtfrgf.
D mkjnrngakd mn ftrfs ad`pfs, id Nmuadakñg Drtàstkad fjrnan mkvnrsds pfskckikmdmns ng su afganpakñg y nhnrakakf yd qun ldan skogkjkadtkvfs dpfrtns di mnsdrrfiif kgmkvkmudi y afinatkvf ng gunstrfs diu`gfs afgtrkcukr di mnsdrrfiif mn id sfaknmdm mn`fstrdgmf gf sñif sus adpdakmdmns kgtninatudins skgf td`ckëg id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi cdsdmd ng vdifrns.
Ni dgäiksks mn id rndikmdm mn ifs hñvngns mn lfy, id prfpkd nxpnrkngakd pnmdoñokad y nstumkfs pucikadmfs sfcrn ni dprngmkzdhn mn id Nmuadakñg Drtàstkad gfs iinvd d id kmngtkjkadakñg mn trns prfcin`ds nvkmngakdmfs ng ni prfansf mn jfr`dakñg mn ifs nstumkdgtns afif`ckdgfs. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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Ni prk`nrf mn niifs sn rnjknrn ni pfaf kgtnrës ng adpdaktdrsn ng ids ldckikmdmns `dgudins, ng ni adsk guif prfansf mn mnsdrrfiidr ug mkcuhf pfr `uy sngakiif qun nstn snd, id jditd mn nxpnrkngakd pdrd id arndakñg mn gunvfs afifrns, id pfad nxprnskñg afrpfrdi, id jditd mn vfadikzdakñg, ni pfaf kgtnrës ng ni `dgnhf mn nsangds, y ni mnskgtnrës tftdi pfr if nstëtkaf.
Ni snougmf dpugtd d qun ni nstumkdgtn dafstu`crdmf d mnsdrrfiidr sus ldckikmdmns `dgudins ng jfr`d kgdmnaudmd skn`prn prnsngtd trdcdhfs rnaldzdmfs pfr sus prfjnsfrns pfr tngnr ugd mnjkakngtn prnsngtdakñg. ]d`ckëg sn fcsnrvd ni tn`fr mn prnsngtdrsn ng pøcikaf ng jfr`d kgmkvkmudi, di gf qunrnr pdrtkakpdr ng datfs auiturdins y aàvkafs mni afinokf, pfr tdgtf sus kgtnrnsns dprnakd`fs ldakd nstd ärnd sfg adsk gnodtkvfs y fcsnrvd`fs afg prnfaupdakñg qun nstd `ualds vnans pnrskstn ng id vkmd aftkmkdgd pfstnrkfr d id nsafidr.
Ni tnranrf sn rnvnid ng ni tn`fr y tk`kmnz qun ni diu`gf `unstrd ldakd tfmds ids datkvkmdmns datfrdins, ng id jditd mn mnstrnzd `dgudi, mkcuhfs qun gf kgtngtd ldanr pfrqun f vkngng nidcfrdmfs ng sus tnxtfs f sfg adiadmfs, ni tfrpn `dgnhf mn kgstru`ngtfs af`f2 tkhnrds, pkgzds, douhds, nta., y ugd mkspfskakñg dmvnrsd pdrd id arndakñg `dgudi.
:.?.1.:.4
F CHN]KZF O NGNSDI
Afgtrkcukr afg prfansfs mn jfr`dakñg qun in pnr`ktdg di nstumkdgtn pftngakdr ldckikmdmns y mnstrnzds ng ni `dgnhf y dpikadakñg mni mkcuhf af`f jfr`d mn nxprnskñg y ugd jfr`dakñg kgtnordi rkad ng vdifrns y afg prfynaakñg ldakd ni juturf.
:.?.1.?
Ä SND MN N M^ADAKÑG J ÀQKAD , S NASNDAKÑG [ M NUFS]NQ
Mn daunrmf afg id Iny 44> mn 4;;=, ni Ärnd mn Nmuadakñg Jàskad, Snarndakñg y Mnpfrtns, frkokgd ugf mn ifs jkgns mn id nmuadakñg jàskad afif`ckdgd, af`f ugd mn ids ärnds jugmd`ngtdins mni aurràauif. Mnsmn ni pugtf mn vkstd kgtnordmfr mni ärnd sn afgakcn, af`f ugkmdm, af`f prfansf pnr`dgngtn mn jfr`dakñg pnrsfgdi y sfakdi, auyd nsngakd ns ni sngtkmf pnmdoñokaf ng jugakñg mni sngtkmf lu`dgf. Gf sn trdtd mn ug aurràauif qun af`prngmd mn `dgnrd dksidmd ni mnpfrtn y id rnarndakñg, puns mnsmn ni pugtf mn vkstd nmuadtkvf, niifs sfg pkidrns y sn
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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kgtnordg ng id nmuadakñg jàskad. D niid afrrnspfgmn uckadrifs ugds vnans af`f `nmkfs, ftrds af`f jkgns y ftrds af`f präatkads auiturdins.
Ufr if tdgtf audgmf sn ldcid mn nmuadakñg jàskad mnsmn id pnranptkvd mn jfr`dakñg lu`dgd y sfakdi, nstäg afgtngkmfs ni mnpfrtn y id rnarndakñg. Qk ckng admd ugf punmn huodr jugakfgns mkstkgtds ng ni prfansf mn jfr`dakñg, `kngtrds qun id rnarndakñg ns ug prkgakpkf jugmd`ngtdi y pnr`dgngtn mn id nmuadakñg jàskad2 ni mnpfrtn ns ugd präatkad auiturdi qun punmn adrdatnrkzdrsn af`f `nmkf f af`f jkg, mn daunrmf afg ni afgtnxtf y ni skogkjkadmf qun sn in dskogn.
Mngtrf mni pidg mn nstumkfs mni Kgstktutf Nmuadtkvf Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds sn prford`d id nmuadakñg jàskad af`f dquniid ärnd qun af`pin`ngtd ni mnsdrrfiif kgtnordi, dpfrtdgmf jugmd`ngtfs ng ni aukmdmf mni aunrpf, su sdium, id sdgd af`pntngakd, ni sngtkmf mni mnpfrtn, y ids datkvkmdmns iømkads2 ëstn dpfrtn di rnstf mn id jfr`dakñg dadmë`kad pnr`ktkrä cungfs mnsn`pnôfs di nstumkdgtn mngtrf mn id sfaknmdm mfgmn ldcrä mn kgtnrvngkr af`f pnrsfgd iàmnr.
:.?.1.?.4
F CHN]KZFQ O NGNSDINQ
•
Jfr`dr ug nstumkdgtn qun dprnakn id präatkad mnpfrtkvd, ngrkqunakmf ng sus adpdakmdmns jàskads y mnstrnzds `ftfrds afgmuangtns d ug mnsdrrfiif jàskaf dr`ñgkaf. •
Mnsdrrfiidr ng ni nstumkdgtn id adpdakmdm mn tf`dr mnakskfgns dsnrtkvds dgtn ids sktudakfgns qun sn
susaktdg ng id datkvkmdm jàskad.
:.?.1.<
Ä SND MN N M^ADAKÑG NG ] NAGFIFOÀD N K GJFS@Ä]KAD
Ns ugd mksakpikgd mni prfmuatf mn id nvfiuakñg mni pngsd`kngtf lu`dgf qun afgtrkcuyn pnr`dgngtn`ngtn d id trdgsjfr`dakñg mn ids afgmkakfgns mn vkmd mn id sfaknmdm, prntngmn `ftkvdr d ifs nstumkdgtns ldakd id af`prngskñg y id dprfpkdakñg mn id tnagfifoàd mnsmn ids rnidakfgns qun nstdcinang ifs snrns lu`dgfs pdrd ngjrngtdr sus prfcin`ds y mnsmn su adpdakmdm mn sfiuakfgdrifs d trdvës mn id kgvngakñg, afg ni jkg mn nstk`uidr sus pftngakdikmdmns arndtkvds.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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Ns ni Ärnd kgmkadmd pdrd mnsdrrfiidr id adpdakmdm aràtkad, rnjinxkvd y dgdiàtkad qun jfrtdinzad ni dvdgan akngtàjkaf y tnagfiñokaf, frkngtdmf afg prkfrkmdm di `nhfrd`kngtf auiturdi mn id adikmdm mn vkmd, id pdrtkakpdakñg ng id cøsqunmd mn ditnrgdtkvds ng id sfiuakñg mn prfcin`ds y ni prfornsf sfakdi ng ongnrdi2 dmn`äs cusad jfr`dr ng id präatkad mni trdcdhf, `nmkdgtn ifs afgfak`kngtfs tëagkafs y ldckikmdmns, dsà af`f id vdifrdakñg mni `ks`f af`f jugmd`ngtf mni mnsdrrfiif kgmkvkmudi y sfakdi, y id prf`fakñg ng id pnrsfgd y ng id sfaknmdm mn id adpdakmdm pdrd arndr, kgvnstkodr, dmfptdr id tnagfifoàd qun sn rnquknrn ng ifs prfansfs mni mnsdrrfiif mn id af`ugkmdm y in pnr`ktd di nstumkdgtn kgornsdr di snatfr prfmuatkvf. Afg ni Uidg mn Ärnd sn prntngmn qun ifs nstumkdgtns mnsdrrfiing af`pntngakds qun ins pnr`ktd kgtnrdatudr y rnsfivnr prfcin`ds usdgmf ids ]KA.
D `nmkmd qun dvdgang ifs nstumkdgtns ng ifs mkstkgtfs ordmfs, ni gkvni mn afganptfs y nxkongakds snrä `dyfr, nstf sn punmn fcsnrvdr ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs afgtngkmfs afrrnspfgmkngtns d admd ordmf. Ifs afgtngkmfs sn rnidakfgdg afg ids af`pntngakds qun sn pidgtndg pdrd admd ordmf. Udrd id nvdiudakñg y vnrkjkadakñg mni gkvni diadgzdmf pfr admd nstumkdgtn sn tngmräg ng aungtd ifs kgmkadmfrns mn mnsn`pnôf qun prnsngtd admd ugkmdm tn`ätkad.
Afg cdsn ng ifs Ngtdgmdrns Aurrkauidrns pdrd ]nagfifoàd n Kgjfr`ätkad mnjkgkmfs pfr ni @.N.G ifs gkvnins mn id Qnaugmdrkd sn afgskmnrdg dorupdmfs dsà8 ordmfs : y ?, ordmfs < y ;2 y jkgdi`ngtn ordmfs 45 y 44. Mn koudi jfr`d sn dcfrmdräg ifs tn`ds du`ngtdgmf ordmudi`ngtn id af`pinhkmdm.
Ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids aidsns sn cusad gf sfif `ftkvdr di nstumkdgtn d jd`kikdrkzdrsn afg ug ngtfrgf admd vnz `äs mkoktdi n kgtnrafgnatdmf, skgf qun afgtrkcuyn d djrfgtdr mn jfr`d prfmuatkvd ifs rntfs mn su prfynatf mn vkmd. D pdrtkr mni ordmf ;¸ ifs nstumkdgtns tngmräg id fpfrtugkmdm mn prfjugmkzdr ifs nstumkfs mn id Kgjfr`ätkad d trdvës mn id @nmkd ]ëagkad qun fjrnan id Kgstktuakñg ng drtkauidakñg afg ni QNGD `nmkdgtn ni prford`d ]ëagkaf ng Qkstn`ds.
Id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg Mn Id Cdstkmds gf sn ld qunmdmf dträs ng nstn prfansf tnagfiñokaf y pdrtkngmf mn su @kskñg Kgstktuakfgdi, jfrtdinakngmf ids mnckikmdmns afg ni jkg mn jfr`dr nstumkdgtns kgtnordins adpdaktdmfs pdrd ngjrngtdrsn d ug `ugmf idcfrdi admd vnz `äs nxkongtn y afg ug pnrjki tëagkaf y n`prngmnmfr.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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F CHN]KZF O NGNSDI
Jf`ngtdr ng ni diu`gdmf id adpdakmdm mn rnjinxkñg sfcrn ni `ugmf tnagfiñokaf ng ni qun vkvk`fs, su afgstdgtn nvfiuakñg, id gnanskmdm mn fctngnr ni afgfak`kngtf y sdcnr mn quë `dgnrd dpikadrif ng ni afgtnxtf ng ni audi vkvn, rnafgfakngmf ifs ià`ktns kgmkvkmudins y ids gfr`ds mn afgvkvngakd sdgd.
Ë GJDQKQ ] ËAGKAF A F@NSAKDI
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Ni ärnd af`nrakdi ns ugd mn ids nspnakdikmdmns qun crkgmd id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, id fpfrtugkmdm mn jfr`dr y mnsdrrfiidr ug nspàrktu n`prngmnmfr, adpdz mn tf`dr mnakskfgns y pdrtkakpdr mn ugd `dgnrd prfmuatkvd ng gunstrd sfaknmdm. Udrd nstd jfr`dakñg ifs nstumkdgtns dmquknrng afgfak`kngtfs ng afgtdckikmdm cäskad, inoksidakñg, onstkñg dm`kgkstrdtkvd
y mfau`ngtdi y ng ongnrdi if afganrgkngtn d ids datkvkmdmns
af`nrakdins mn ugd n`prnsd. Ufr `nmkf mn id nstruaturd aurrkauidr suonrkmd pfr ni QNGD, kgstktuakñg afg id qun tngn`fs afgvngkf, sn prntngmn jfr`dr d ifs nstumkdgtns ng ni ä`cktf af`nrakdi mnsmn ifs prkgakpkfs cäskafs ldstd ongnrdr hñvngns afg kmfgnkmdm pdrd mnsn`pnôdrsn ng audiquknr datkvkmdm af`nrakdi y ng ni `ugmf idcfrdi y dsà afgtrkcukr di mnsdrrfiif mn id sfaknmdm mn`fstrdgmf gf sñif sus adpdakmdmns kgtninatudins skgf td`ckëg id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi cdsdmd ng vdifrns.
:.?.1.;.4
F CHN]KZFQ O NGNSDI [ N QUNAÀJKAFQ .
Fptk`kzdr id auiturd frodgkzdakfgdi ngjfadmd ng id adikmdm, qun jdakiktn ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs prfansfs nstrdtëokafs, aidvn y mn dpfyf, mn tdi `dgnrd qun sn ongnrn ug d`ckngtn pdrtkakpdtkvf, af`pntngtn y n`prngmnmfr ng ifs nstumkdgtns, adpdans mn qun snräg adpdans mn mdr rnspunstds d ids mkjnrngtns nxkongakds mni ad`pf idcfrdi datudi. Afg ugd jfr`dakñg kgtnordi rkad ng vdifrns y afg prfynaakñg ldakd ni juturf.
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Mkstkgoukr ifs nin`ngtfs afgstktutkvfs mn id auiturd frodgkzdakfgdi qun prfpkakng ni `nhfrd`kngtf mn id adikmdm nmuadtkvd y nstdcinanr ids afgmkakfgns ng qun niifs sn mdg.
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Urnaksdr ifs dspnatfs qun afgstktuyng ni mnsdrrfiif mn ifs prfansfs nstrdtëokafs, aidvn y mn dpfyf, y ids afgmkakfgns ng ids audins niifs sn rndikzdg.
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Urfpkakdr mnsmn gunstrd präatkad pnmdoñokad afgmkakfgns qun pnr`ktdg id jfr`dakñg mn pnrsfgds pdrtkakpdtkvds, af`pntngtns y n`prngmnmfrds.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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Afgtrkcukr di `nhfrd`kngtf mn ids adpdakmdmns, ldckikmdmns y mnstrnzds ng ids pnrsfgds, qun ins pnr`ktdg n`prngmnr kgkakdtkvds pdrd id ongnrdakñg mn kgornsfs pfr aungtd prfpkd.
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D QKOGD]^SDQ D QFAKDMDQ
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Afgtdckikmdm.
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Onstkñg Dm`kgkstrdtkvd y Mfau`ngtdi.
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N`prngmk`kngtf
:.?.1.45 Ë GJDQKQ ] ËAGKAF Q KQ]N@DQ
Ni prford`d sn arnñ pdrd crkgmdr di nstumkdgtn id pfskckikmdm mn kgafrpfrdrsn di snatfr prfmuatkvf y afgtrkcuyd di mnsdrrfiif nafgñ`kaf, sfakdi y tnagfiñokaf mn su ngtfrgf, y mn fjrnanr jfr`dakñg ng ids tnagfifoàds rnidakfgdmds afg tfmf ni akaif mn vkmd mni Qfjtwdrn kgaiuyngmf ids jdsns mn Dgäiksks, Mksnôf, Mnsdrrfiif, K`pin`ngtdakñg, Uruncds y @dgtngk`kngtf, af`pntngakds rnidakfgdmds afg ifs prfansfs mn gnofakdakñg tnagfiñokad y adikmdm ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn Qfjtwdrn.
:.?.1.45.4 F CHN]KZFQ •
Dpikadr lnrrd`kngtds fjk`ätkads, rnmns sfakdins y afidcfrdtkvds mn daunrmf afg ni prfynatf d mnsdrrfiidr.
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Sndikzdr `dgtngk`kngtf prnvngtkvf y prnmkatkvf qun odrdgtkan ni jugakfgd`kngtf mn ifs nqukpfs mn añ`putf.
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K`pin`ngtdr id nstruaturd mn id rnm mn daunrmf afg ug mksnôf prnnstdcinakmf d pdrtkr mn gfr`ds tëagkads kgtnrgdakfgdins
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Dpikadr lnrrd`kngtds fjk`ätkads, rnmns sfakdins y afidcfrdtkvds mn daunrmf afg ni prfynatf d mnsdrrfiidr
:.?.1.45.3 D QKOGD]^SDQ D QFAKDMDQ •
Akngakd, tnagfifoàd y sfaknmdm
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Snmns IDG
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@dgtngk`kngtf mn ldrmwdrn y sfjtwdrn
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Kgjfr`ätkad, Fjk`ätkad y prford`dakñg mn af`putdmfrds
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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:.?.1.44 Ë GJDQKQ ] ËAGKAF N INA]SF]NAGKD
Id Ninatrftnagkd ns id mksakpikgd tnagfiñokad qun nstumkd ids dpikadakfgns mn id ninatrkakmdm y dcdrad ni nstumkf mn ifs jngñ`ngfs niëatrkafs y ninatrf`dogëtkafs mnsmn ni pugtf mn vkstd mn id utkikmdm präatkad mn id ninatrkakmdm kgaiukmfs ng trns ordgmns ad`pfs mn afgfak`kngtf y nxpnrkngakd8
Ifs afganptfs y inyns akngtàjkads qun nxpikadg ni jugakfgd`kngtf y af`pfrtd`kngtf mn ifs mkstkgtfs dpdrdtfs, rnanptfrns y `äqukgds niëatrkads. Ids inyns, tnfrn`ds prkgakpkfs y tëagkads mn dgäiksks, aäiauif y prnmkaakñg mni af`pfrtd`kngtf mn ifs akrauktfs Ifs nin`ngtfs afg ifs qun sn `fgtdg y afgstruyng akrauktfs, dpdrdtfs y `äqukgds niëatrkads.
:.?.1.44.4 F CHN]KZF
Mksnôdr, k`pin`ngtdr y fptk`kzdr skstn`ds niëatrkafs utkikzdgmf sus afgfak`kngtfs mn kgstdidakfgns niëatrkads y skstn`ds mn pftngakd, dpikadgmf tëagkads y lnrrd`kngtds `fmnrgds. Dpikadr sus afgfak`kngtfs pdrd kmngtkjkadr y rnsfivnr prfcin`ds ng skstn`ds niëatrkafs.
:.?.1.44.3 D QKOGD]^SDQ D QFAKDMDQ
Afganptfs y jngñ`ngfs niëatrkafs y ninatrf`dogëtkafs Akrauktfs niëatrkafs Af`pfgngtns ninatrñgkafs. ]kpfifoàd y adrdatnràstkads jugakfgdins Akrauktfs ninatrñgkafs dgdiñokafs cäskafs y sus dpikadakfgns. ]kpfifoàd y adrdatnràstkads. Dgäiksks jugakfgdi @äqukgds niëatrkads nstätkads y rftdtkvds. ]kpfifoàd y adrdatnràstkads. @nmkmds ninatrftëagkads
:.<
USF[NA]FQ UNMDOÑOKAFQ ]SDGQZNSQDINQ [ USFOSD@DQ KGQ]K]^AKFGDINQ (Snvksdr Dgnxfs)
Ng ni `draf mn trdcdhf mn id KNM SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ ifs Nspdakfs Kgtnordmfrns sfg ifs qun jfr`dg id tnranrd y øitk`d ärnd mni Uidg mn Nstumkfs, Qfg nspdakfs mn kgtnordakñg mn sdcnrns y nxpnrkngakds kgmkvkmudins y afinatkvds y nsangdrkf ng ni audi sn mdrä ni mkäifof mn sdcnrns, tdgtf mn dquniifs qun prfanmdg mn ids mfs ärnds dgtnrkfrns8 id mn Jfr`dakñg pdrd ni @ugmf Sndi y id mn Mnsdrrfiif mn Af`pntngakds, af`f
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td`ckëg mn ifs qun sn ongnrng ng id skgnrokd mni `ugmf kgtnrkfr mn id Kgstktuakñg, añ`f mn su af`ugkmdm, qun kgaiuyn, mn `dgnrd `uy nspnakdi, ifs qun n`nrong mn gunstrds trdmkakfgns2 nstn ad`pf nstdrä adrdatnrkzdmf pfr ni jugakfgd`kngtf mn ug sn`kgdrkf pnr`dgngtn, ng ni audi sn nstk`uidrä id rnjinxkñg afinatkvd, ni mncdtn, id frdtfrkd, ni ngsdyf y id pfëtkad, dsà af`f id nxtngskñg prford`dmd, drtkauidmd y pnr`dgngtn ldakd datkvkmdmns kgtnordmfrds af`f8 id kgvnstkodakñg, id vkvngakd idcfrdi y, `uy nspnakdi`ngtn, afg id präatkad mni snrvkakf af`ugktdrkf y sfakdi.
Ng nstd ärnd ngtfgans ln`fs rnugkmf ifs Urfynatfs Unmdoñokafs ]rdgsvnrsdins qun ni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi ld mnaidrdmf af`f fcikodtfrkfs y ug nspdakf nspnakdi iid`dmfs GFMFQ, ng ifs qun sn prf`unvn gf sñif id trdgsvnrsdikmdm mn ldckikmdmns nspnaàjkads skgf ni trdcdhf prford`dmf mn admd ugd mn ids dskogdturds mni ordmf. Ns dsà qun d af`kngzfs mni dôf nsafidr ifs mfangtns mni ordmf, sn rnøgng pdrd prford`dr datkvkmdmns y tdiinrns, mncdtns, trdcdhfs präatkafs, nta. sfcrn ordgmns tn`ds mni aurràauif mni ordmf y ng admd nspdakf sn trdcdhdrä mnsmn su sdcnr, af`pin`ngtdgmf ug prfynatf oifcdi, qun snrä fchntf mn snouk`kngtf y nvdiudakñg murdgtn id Qn`dgd mn id Akngakd ng id Kgstktuakñg.
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Urfynatf ]rdgsvnrsdi mn Ëtkad y Zdifrns
Nstn prfynatf sn jugmd`ngtd ng ifs vdifrns qun sfcrn id jfr`dakñg ng ifs `ks`fs prfpfgn`fs, tngkngmf ng aungtd, qun ifs vdifrns gf sñif mkjknrng ngtrn sà, ni frmng dxkfiñokaf tkngn ugd nstruaturd hnrärqukad qun nxprnsd ug frmng mn ordmfs f nxkongakd ng k`pfrtdgakd, ids datktumns gf sn fcsnrvdg mkrnatd`ngtn skgf qun sn kgjknrng mn id afgmuatd mn id pnrsfgd pfr nhn`pif8 nxprnskfgns vnrcdins, datfs `dgkjknstfs.
Mnsmn ni `ks`f `f`ngtf ng qun ifs nmuadgmfs sn skngtng `kn`crfs k`pfrtdgtns mngtrf mni `nmkf sfakdi ng qun sn mnsngvunivn y tf`d afgtdatf afg su rndikmdm, vd kmngtkjkadgmf ng niid vdifrns tdgtf sfakdins af`f `frdins2 pfmn`fs djkr`dr dsà qun ngtrd ng prfansf mn pdrtkakpdakñg ng id jfr`dakñg, rnsadtn f përmkmd mn ifs `ks`fs2 lnalf qun nxkon y mn`dgmd mn pdrtn mn ifs nmuadmfrns rndikzdr ugd frkngtdakñg afgstdgtn n kgtnordi ng nstn dspnatf, ongnrdgmf, affrmkgdgmf y dsnsfrdgmf daakfgns tngmkngtns d `nhfrdr id adikmdm mn vkmd mn ifs nstumkdgtns y pfr ngmn mn id af`ugkmdm ng ongnrdi, `nmkdgtn id mkrnaakñg y `dgnhf mni pnrsfgdi d su adrof ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn datkvkmdmns qun rndi`ngtn pnr`ktdg tdi fchntkvf, ng ni `draf mn ugd afganpakñg lu`dgkzdgtn, id pnrsfgd tkngn id pfskckikmdm mn mksanrgkr y mn mdr rnspunstd qun huzoun afgvngkngtn mn daunrmf afg su nsadid mn vdifrns.
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:.<.4.4
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F CHN]KZFQ
Urf`fvnr y jfrtdinanr ni prfansf mn arnak`kngtf lu`dgf qun crkgmn di nstumkdgtn ni nspdakf prfpkakf d trdvës mn id pdrtkakpdakñg ng ids datkvkmdmns pidgndmds, rnjinxkfgdr, dgdikzdr y af`prf`ntnrsn afg id nsngakd mn if qun mncn snr su vkmd af`f pnrsfgd.
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Jf`ngtdr id präatkad mn ifs vdifrns lu`dgfs kgstktuakfgdins, af`f kgstru`ngtf, pdrd arnanr af`f pnrsfgds y snr pdrtàakpns mn ugd sdgd afgvkvngakd.
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Snsadtdr y pfgnr ng präatkad ids gfr`ds cäskads mn urcdgkmdm.
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Kgauiadr datktumns mn ad`ckf y `nhfrd`kngtf ng ids rnidakfgns kgtnrpnrsfgdins mn ifs nstumkdgtns.
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Tun ifs nstumkdgtns sndg afgsakngtns mn sus mnrnalfs y di `ks`f tkn`pf mn sus mncnrns y prdatkqung cungfs gkvnins mn rnspfgsdckikmdm ng ni au`pik`kngtf mn sus af`prf`ksfs.
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Urfpkakdr d trdvës mn ifs datfs pdtrkfs y aàvkafs, `nadgks`fs qun afgmuzadg di rnsadtn n kgarn`ngtf mn vdifrns.
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Nmuadakñg ]rdsangm ngtn (Snikokfsd y @frdi)
Id Nmuadakñg Snikokfsd Nsafidr (NSN)8 Ns dquniid qun sn mnsdrrfiid mngtrf mn id `fmdikmdm mn id nmuadakñg jfr`di, ng rnidakñg afg ifs jkgns y `ëtfmfs prfpkfs mn id nmuadakñg nsafidr y ng ifs gkvnins mn Nmuadakñg Urnnsafidr, Cäskad Urk`drkd, Cäskad Qnaugmdrkd Nmuadakñg @nmkd y Nmuadakñg Qupnrkfr. Nstn tkpf mn Nmuadakñg Snikokfsd sn dhustd d id `fmdikmdm jfr`di qun ns id qun sn rndikzd afg suhnakñg d pdutds aurrkauidrns prfornskvds y "tkngn pfr fchntf mnsdrrfiidr ng ni nmuadgmf afgfak`kngtfs, ldckikmdmns, dptktumns y vdifrns `nmkdgtn ifs audins ids pnrsfgds punmdg jugmd`ngtdr su mnsdrrfiif ng jfr`d pnr`dgngtn" (ajr. Iny 44>, drts. 45 y 44).
Ungsdr id Nmuadakñg Snikokfsd Nsafidr (NSN) af`f ärnd jugmd`ngtdi, ns afganckrid ng ni aurràauif af`f ug ärnd qun mnsmn su afgfak`kngtf dadmë`kaf kgtngtd mdr rnspunstd d ugf mn ifs kgtnrrfodgtns jugmd`ngtdins mni snr lu`dgf8 ¶Auäi ns ni sngtkmf mn id vkmd6 Qngtkmf qun sn af`prngmn sk id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd sn mnhd kgtnrrfodr pfr su dpfrtn dadmë`kaf pdrd rnspfgmnr ¶Tuë tdg lu`dgfs pfmn`fs iinodr d snr f nstd`fs skngmf ordakds di afgfak`kngtf rnikokfsf6, `äs døg, audgmf if qun nstä ng hunof ng audiquknr prfpunstd nmuadtkvd ns ugd fjnrtd mn sngtkmf qun sn afgarntd ng ni `fmnif mn pnrsfgd y mn sfaknmdm qun niid dyumd d jfr`dr.
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Qnoøg id Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg (Iny 44> mni ;=) ng su Drtàauif 31 y 3= sn nstdcinan af`f Ärnd fcikodtfrkd y jugmd`ngtdi mni afgfak`kngtf Id Nmuadakñg Snikokfsd, pdrd id Jfr`dakñg Cäskad (Ordmfs Qnxtf d Gfvngf) y @nmkd Zfadakfgdi (Ordmfs Mëak`f y Fgan). Koudi`ngtn ni mnarntf rnoid`ngtdrkf (Snsfiuakñg Gø`nrf 31=1 mni ;:), kgmkad ng su drtàauif 4=, ifs Kgmkadmfrns mn iforfs Udrd id Nmuadakñg Snikokfsd.
Fchntkvfs
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Jdakiktdr d ifs pdmrns mn jd`kikd id nmuadakñg mn sus lkhfs mn daunrmf d sus afgvkaakfgns rnikokfsds y `frdins
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Dmqukrkr ug afgfak`kngtf fchntkvf y skstn`ätkaf mn ifs afgtngkmfs nsngakdins mni adtfikaks`f y sus rndikzdakfgns `äs skogkjkadtkvds ng id vkmd mn id pnrsfgd, id jd`kikd y id sfaknmdm.
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Kmngtkjkadr ids mkvnrsds jfr`ds mn ingoudhn rnikokfsf y mn id nxpnrkngakd mn jn arkstkdgd y adtñikad, prnsngtns ng ids auiturds, nspnakdi`ngtn ng ids ifadins.
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Kgtnrprntdr fchntkvd`ngtn ni pdtrk`fgkf arkstkdgf prnsngtn ng ni afgtnxtf sfakf-auiturdi pdrd vdifrdrif y afgtrkcukr d su rngfvdakñg.
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Nstdcinanr id rnidakñg ngtrn ni nstumkf nsafidr mn id jn arkstkdgd y adtñikad y su vkvngakd ng ifs ä`cktfs prfpkfs mn ids af`ugkmdmns y orupfs nainskdins prnsngtns ng id sfaknmdm.
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Mnsdrrfiidr id adpdakmdm mn afgjrfgtdr id vkskñg arkstkdgd y adtñikad mn id vkmd afg ids vkskfgns mn ftrds afgjnskfgns arkstkdgds, rnikokfgns y skstn`ds mn skogkjkadmf, prnsngtns ng ni afgtnxtf sfakf-auiturdi y rnikokfsf.
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Dmqukrkr mnstrnzds ng ni `dgnhf dmnaudmf mn ifs mfau`ngtfs mn id jn y id ]rdmkakñg Arkstkdgd.
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Mnsdrrfiidr id adpdakmdm mn af`prngskñg y tfinrdgakd afg ids mkvnrsds datktumns qun ids pnrsfgds dsu`ng ng `dtnrkd ëtkad y rnikokfsd.
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Zdifrdr ni pdpni qun id jn arkstkdgd y adtñikad ld tngkmf y skoun tngkngmf ng id vkmd mn id sfaknmdm afif`ckdgd y `ugmkdi.
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]f`dr afgakngakd mn ifs vdifrns y prkgakpkfs `frdins mn id jn arkstkdgd y su rndikzdakñg ng datktumns y af`pfrtd`kngtfs.
:.<.1
U.K.I.N.F Uidg kgstktuakfgd i mn inaturd, nsarkturd y frdikmdm
Ns ug pidg mn `nhfrd`kngtf kgstktuakfgdi ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds mn tfmds ids pnrsfgds qun ldang pdrtn mn id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
443
Di ldcidr mn UKINF gfs rnjnrk`fs d ug pidg qun cusad k`pdatdr d ifs nstumkdgtns `nmkdgtn id auiturd kgstktuakfgdi, ni tnstk`fgkf, id mkmäatkad y id jfr`dakñg afgstdgtn mn sus `dnstrfs. Nstd jfr`dakñg sn angtrd ng id rnjinxkñg sfcrn id tdrnd mkdrkd y ng id `dgnrd af`f admd qukng dpfrtd d id oifcdikzdakñg mn id inaturd, id nsarkturd y id frdikmdm mnsmn ni ärnd qun frkngtd. Zdin id pngd ngtfgans, trdcdhdr ng ifs prkgakpkfs mkmäatkafs, ng ifs k`prnsakgmkcins, audgmf mni mnsdrrfiif mn ids ldckikmdmns af`ugkadtkvds sn trdtd.
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F CHN]KZFQ
Dmqukrkr lnrrd`kngtds pnmdoñokads y mkmäatkads qun jfrtdinzadg ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids af`pntngakds inatfrds y nsarkturdins ng ifs nstumkdgtns.
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Dmqukrkr nxpnrtkakd ng id k`pin`ngtdakñg mn id inaturd ng admd ärnd mni sdcnr afg sus nstumkdgtns.
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Jfr`dr di aunrpf mfangtn ng jugakñg mni mnsdrrfiif mn id inaturd aràtkad mnsmn tfmds ids ärnds mksakpikgdrkds, d trdvës mn id dmqukskakñg mn id nxpnrtkakd ng id k`pin`ngtdakñg mn ifs prfansfs afganrgkngtns di ad`pf mn id inaturd, id nsarkturd y id frdikmdm.
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Ldanr rndins y präatkafs ifs afganptfs mn trdgsvnrsdikmdm n kgtnrmksakpikgdrknmdm ng ni mnsdrrfiif mn ids af`pntngakds af`ugkadtkvds.
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Afganckr id nsarkturd af`f pdrtn mn id inaturd.
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Mnsdrrfiidr af`pfrtd`kngtfs inatfrns y nsarkturdins d trdvës mn id iktnrdturd.
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Dvdgzdr ng id prfmuaakñg tnxtudi qun rnspfgmdg d kgtngakfgns af`ugkadtkvds afgarntds.
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Ngrkqunanr y dvdgzdr ng id Zdifrdakñg, pfr pdrtn mn gunstrfs hñvngns, mn ids mkjnrngtns prfmuaakfgns nsarktds af`f ckng auiturdi, datf af`ugkadtkvf ng ni audi ni inatfr dyumd d id rnafgstruaakñg mni `ks`f, ldakngmf nvkmngtn su dpfrtn y hukakfs ngtfrgf d id kmnd afgarntd mni mksaursf n`ktkmf.
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Jfrtdinanr ni prfansf ng id dmqukskakñg y ftrds jfr`ds mn af`ugkadakñg gf nstnrnftkpdmds afg cdsn ng mkjnrngtns tëagkads arndtkvds ng ni ad`pf mn id nsarkturd y id inaturd.
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Dvdgzdr ng id afgsfikmdakñg mn ugd afgakngakd aràtkad y sninatkvd di ngjrngtdr mkjnrngtns tnxtfs.
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Dmqukrkr sngskckikmdm nstëtkad y lu`dgd dgtn ni `ugmf qun gfs md d afgfanr id inaturd.
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Snjinxkfgdr sfcrn ifs vdifrns pids`dmfs ng ids mkjnrngtns inaturds.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
441
:.<.=
Urfynatf @D]N. Af`pntng akds y Sdzfgd`kngt f Iñokaf-@dtn`ätkaf
Afg ni prfynatf sn prntngmn mnsdrrfiidr adpdakmdmns pdrd Dprngmnr d Sdzfgdr y Dprngmnr d Dprngmnr d trdvës mn id dpikadakñg mn mkvnrsds nstrdtnokds iømkads. Id pnmdofoàd gfs ngsnôd qun cdhf id iømkad sn mnsdrrfiid ug `nhfr dprngmkzdhn, mnspnrtdgmf ugd ordg nxpnatdtkvd pdrd snoukr prfjugmkzdgmf ng ni pngsd`kngtf `dtn`ätkaf mni nstumkdgtn y ifordr supnrdr ids mnckikmdmns y mnjkakngakds. Ni prnsngtn prfynatf sn angtrñ ng ni ärnd mn @D]N@Ä]KAD. Id kmnd angtrdi ns qun ni nmuadgmf, mnsmn ni kgkakf mn su ntdpd nsafidr, af`kngan d afgstrukr sus afgfak`kngtfs ng `dtn`ätkads `nmkdgtn datkvkmdmns `dgkpuidtkvds, iømkads y afgstruatkvds pdrd qun sn kgtnrnsn y pdrtkakpn ng id datkvkmdm mn ug `fmf dordmdcin.
Ng nstn sngtkmf, @D]NF prfpfgn ldanr ëgjdsks ng id cøsqunmd mn ad`kgfs ditnrgdtkvfs afg ni prfpñsktf mn `nhfrdr id ngsnôdgzd mn ids `dtn`ätkads.
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F CHN]KZF
Mksnôdr nstrdtnokds mkmäatkads qun pnr`ktdg ad`ckdr ni pdrdmko`d mn ifs nstumkdgtns sfcrn id @dtn`ätkad y ldanrifs mnsdrrfiidr ng af`pntngakds y ldckikmdmns mn ëstd akngakd ng id vkmd aftkmkdgd :.<.>
Urfynatf Mn Mn`fardakd [ Ikmnrdzof
¶Añ`f jf`ngtdr ng ifs nstumkdgtns mn id KNM SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ, ugd auiturd akumdmdgd qun in pnr`ktd afg lnrrd`kngtds afgarntds id pdrtkakpdakñg, afgvkvngakd y daakfgns njnatkvds ng su ngtfrgf, sn ldod pdrtàakpn mn su prfcin`ätkad y datøn af`f ug akumdmdgf af`prf`ntkmf afg su nspdakf, lkstfrkd y rndikmdm6
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F CHN]KZF
Jdvfrnanr id jfr`dakñg mn ugd auiturd akumdmdgd qun afgiinvn d id pdrtkakpdakñg datkvd y njnatkvd ng id mkgd`kzdakñg mn ids prfcin`ätkads sfakdins, prfaurdgmf ugd pfskakñg sfakf -pfiàtkad rnspfgsdcin qun afdmyuvn d id afgstruaakñg mn ugd `nhfr sfaknmdm.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
44=
:.<.:
Urfynatf USDN
Id iny ongnrdi mn nmuadakñg (44> mn 4;;=) y su mnarntf rnoid`ngtdrkf 4?=1 mn dofstf 4> mn 4;;=, kgafrpfrñ id Nmuadakñg D`ckngtdi d tfmfs ifs prfansfs mn ngsnôdgzd qun sn mnsdrrfiidg ng ids kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds, afg ni jkg mn arndr afgakngakd d`ckngtdi ng ifs gkôfs y hñvngns mn gunstrf pdàs, ns id nsaunid ng ni ngtfrgf ng qun ni nstumkdgtn y akumdmdgf sn ldan afgsakngtn mn id rnspfgsdckikmdm sfcrn su nspdakf y su `nmkf d`ckngtn y d k`pin`ngtdr lnrrd`kngtds qun in dyumng d mntngnr ni ordg mntnrkfrf qun nstä sujrkngmf gunstrf `nmkf d`ckngtn.
Ni prfynatf d`ckngtdi fpnrd ng tfmf id kgstktuakñg, mnsmn prnnsafidr ldstd ordmf ugmëak`f y sn ngaungtrd dmsarktf di Mnpdrtd`ngtf mn Akngakds gdturdins y Nmuadakñg d`ckngtdi, rdzñg pfr id audi su `dyfr dpikadakñg sn iford ng ids aidsns mn akngakds Gdturdins y ng id dskogdturd mn D`ckngtdi ng ifs ordmfs mn Gfvngf y Mëak`f mnsmn mfgmn sn ikmnrdg ids datkvkmdmns ng tfmd id af`ugkmdm.
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F CHN]KZFQ
Qngskckikzdr y jf`ngtdr ng tfmd id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd danrad mn ifs cngnjkakfs d`ckngtdins y sfakdins qun tkngn id dprfpkdakñg mni nspdakf y ni `dgtngk`kngtf mn ug d`ckngtn ik`pkf y sdgf.
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Urfpkakdr ni mnsdrrfiif mn datktumns qun afgtrkcuydg d rnmuakr afgskmnrdcin`ngtn tfmds ids jfr`ds mn afgtd`kgdakñg prnsngtns ng id Kgstktuakñg.
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Urfpfrakfgdr d ids mkjnrngtns ärnds lnrrd`kngtds `ntfmfiñokads y afganptudins gnansdrkds pdrd dcfrmdr id nmuadakñg d`ckngtdi trdgsvnrsdi`ngtn di aurràauif.
:.<.?
Nmuadakñg Qnxudi
¶Añ`f jfr`dr id mk`ngskñg snxudi d ifs nstumkdgtns af`f id adpdakmdm mn afgstrukr ug prfynatf mn vkmd mnsmn ni d`fr y ldakd ni d`fr6
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F CHN]KZF
Jfr`dr id mk`ngskñg snxudi ng ifs nstumkdgtns af`f id adpdakmdm mn afgstrukr ug prfynatf mn vkmd ng ni d`fr y ldakd ni d`fr.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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Ng id datudikmdm, id kgsnrakñg mni Urford`d mn Nmuadakñg pdrd id Qnxudikmdm gf sn afgstktuyn ng ni `draf mn af`pntngakds akumdmdgds af`f ug prfynatf mn vkmd qun pdrtd mn id jfr`dakñg ng ni D`fr y qun sn prfynatn d ëi, mn `dgnrd tdi qun ni prfynatf mn vkmd mni nstumkdgtn rnprnsngtn ugd fpfrtugkmdm pdrd af`pin`ngtdr ids rnspunstds d ifs rntfs nmuadtkvfs ngafgtrdmfs rnakngtn`ngtn. Qn trdtd ngtfgans, mn afgsfikmdr afg ni nstumkdgtn ugd prfpunstd ng nmuadakñg pdrd id snxudikmdm qun mng prkfrkmdm d ifs prfansfs qun mnsdrrfiing af`pntngakds pdrd id vkmd, mnsmn id dprfpkdakñg mn afgfak`kngtfs, adpdakmdmns, datktumns y mkspfskakfgns mnstkgdmfs d id jfr`dakñg mn suhntfs datkvfs mn mnrnalfs, y qun mn `dgnrd kgtnordi snd trdgsvnrsdikzdmf afg ids mn`äs mk`ngskfgns mn su mnsdrrfiif.
:.;
:.;.4
QKQ]N@D KGQ]K]^AKFGDI MN NZDI^DAKÑG MN NQ]^MKDG]NQ QKNN (Znr Dgnxfs)
Dspnatfs Ongnrdins
Ns ug prfansf qun pnr`ktn fcsnrvdr y vdifrdr ni af`pfrtd`kngtf kgtnordi mni nmuadgmf d trdvës mn id kmngtkjkadakñg mn jfrtdinzds y mnckikmdmns mnsdrrfiidmds ng su prfansf mn dprngmkzdhn. Nstn prfansf trdsakngmn ni datf mn dskogdr adtnofràds audgtktdtkvds y audiktdtkvds puns su `ntd ns iinodr d id dprnakdakñg pfr iforfs, afg `krds d id prf`fakñg mni nmuadgmf, cusad su mnsn`pnôf nxaningtn mn daunrmf afg id njkakngakd afganrtdmd.
]fmd daakñg nmuadtkvd ns nvdiudmd, rnvksdmd ng su afghugtf y ng sus mntdiins, ng sus prfansfs y ng sus rnsuitdmfs, ng ni pdpni mn ifs datfrns y ng ni usf mn nstrdtnokds afg ni jkg mn dvdgzdr ng ni afgfak`kngtf. Ns id fpfrtugkmdm pdrd mnsakjrdr ni trdsjfgmf mn ids daakfgns pdrd drrdgadr mn niids ifs skogkjkadmfs qun tkngng ng sus jdsns mn pidgnd`kngtf, mn nhnauakñg y mn rnjinxkñg d pfstnrkfrk.
Ng id KNM. Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds sn prf`unvng jfr`ds vdrkdmds mn nvdiudakñg qun vdg mnsmn id lntnrfnvdiudakñg pdsdgmf pfr id dutf-nvdiudakñg ldstd id afnvdiudakñg. ni frmng mncnràd snr dutfnvdiudakñg, afnvdiudakñg y lntnrf-nvdiudakñg Nstd mkgä`kad ns ug dprngmkzdhn auyfs prfansfs mncng snr n`prngmkmfs pdrd rnsadtdr mn niifs inaakfgns mn jfr`dakñg qun skrvdg, di `ks`f tkn`pf, pdrd trdgsjfr`dr `fmfs mn daakñg snpdrdmfs mn id rutkgd y trdsjnrkmfs di ad`pf arndtkvf n kggfvdmfr. Ng nstd mkrnaakñg sn ngtkngmn id nvdiudakñg af`f ugd fpfrtugkmdm pdrd trdsjfr`dr if qun ldan`fs d trdvës mn ids jugakfgns qun ln`fs mnjkgkmf af`f nsngakdins d gunstrd kgstktuakñg. (Znr Dgnxf Qkstn`d Kgstktuakfgdi mn Nvdiudakñg mn Nstumkdgtns)
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
44:
Mngtrf mn sus ikgnd`kngtfs ongnrdins ng tër`kgfs mn nvdiudakñg, d trdvës mn id af`ugkadakñg pnr`dgngtn afg ni Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf sn ld jkhdmf d gkvni kgstktuakfgdi ifs skoukngtns pdrä`ntrfs d tngnr ng aungtd ngtrn ftrfs8
d. Id nvdiudakñg sn ngtkngmn af`f dquniif qun gfs pnr`ktn kmngtkjkadr y vnrkjkadr ifs afgfak`kngtfs, ids ldckikmdmns, ifs fchntkvfs, ifs mnsn`pnôfs mn ug nstumkdgtn qun dvdgzd ng ug prfansf mn dprngmkzdhn y jfr`dakñg dcsfiutd`ngtn aidrf tdgtf pdrd ni nstumkdgtn af`f, pfr rdzfgns fcvkds, pdrd ni `dnstrf. Dsà id nvdiudakñg sn afgvknrtn ng sà `ks`d ng ugd vdifrdakñg mn id daakñg ngsnôdgzd y dprngmkzdhn, if audi iinvd k`piàaktf tdgtf prfansfs kgtnrgfs af`f nxtnrgfs, tdins af`f2 id rnspfgsdckikmdm, id dutfgf`àd, id `ftkvdakñg pfr dprngmnr, ifs daknrtfs, ids mkjkauitdmns, ni trdcdhf ng nqukpf, nta. c. Id nvdiudakñg ns afgtkgud y jfr`dtkvd d id vnz. Audgmf sn mkan qun id nvdiudakñg ns afgtkgud sn rnjknrn d qun ns pnr`dgngtn, mn nstd `dgnrd, if qun sn nvdiød mncn snr rnsuitdmf mn ugd daakñg nmuadtkvd murdgtn ug mntnr`kgdmf tkn`pf, if audi iinvd ng sà ug prfansf. Ni rnsuitdmf gf punmn snr øgkad`ngtn mn ug afrtn ng ug `f`ngtf, mncn snr afgtkguf y jfr`dtkvf skg nxaiukrsn `utud`ngtn. a. Id nvdiudakñg af`f nstrdtnokd jfr`dtkvd ns dquniid qun sn rndikzd afg ni prfpñsktf mn vdifrdr ]FMF ni prfansf, ns mnakr, jdvfrnan f `nhfrd afgstdgtn`ngtn dquniif qun nstä jdiidgmf8 ni prfansf mn dprngmkzdhn mn ifs nstumkdgtns, id nstrdtnokd f `ntfmfifoàd mni mfangtn, ni `dtnrkdi pnmdoñokaf qun sn utkikzd di kgtnrkfr mn ids aidsns, id `ks`ds rnidakfgns kgtnrpnrsfgdins, nta. Af`f ns fcvkf ifs ad`ckfs f `nhfr id kgtnrvngakñg ng id `nhfrd mn ug prfansf tkngn sngtkmf ldanrid `kngtrds ëstn trdgsaurrn. Nstn tkpf mn nvdiudakñg prntngmn dyumdr d rnspfgmnr d id prnougtd mn añ`f nstäg dprngmkngmf y prfornsdgmf ifs nstumkdgtns mn daunrmf d id fctngakñg mn ifs iforfs qun gfs ln`fs prfpunstf. Qñif dsà sn pfmräg kgtrfmuakr afrrnaakfgns, dôdmkr daakfgns ditnrgdtkvds y rnjfrzdr aknrtfs dspnatfs. m. Qf`fs aflnrngtns afg if pidgtndmf ng id Iny Ongnrdi mn Nmuadakñg. Iny 44>, Mnarntf 4<:5 mn 4;;=, Adpàtuif ZK, drt. =?. Tun mkan8 ng audgtf d id nvdiudakñg ’...sus jkgdikmdmns prkgakpdins sfg8 ‑mntnr`kgdr id fctngakñg mn
ifs iforfs mnjkgkmfs ng ni prfynatf nmuadtkvf kgstktuakfgdi. ‑Mnjkgkr ni dvdgan ng id dmqukskakñg mn ifs afgfak`kngtfs. ‑Nstk`uidr ni djkdgzd`kngtf mn vdifrns y datktumns. ‑Jdvfrnanr ng admd diu`gf ni mnsdrrfiif mn sus adpdakmdmns y ldckikmdmns. ‑Kmngtkjkadr adrdatnràstkads pnrsfgdins, kgtnrnsns, rkt`fs mn mnsdrrfiif y nstkifs mn dprngmkzdhn. Afgtrkcukr d id kmngtkjkadakñg mn ids ik`ktdakfgns f mkjkauitdmns pdrd afgsfikmdr ifs iforfs mni prfansf jfr`dtkvf. ‑Fjrnanr di diu`gf fpfrtugkmdmns pdrd dprngmnr mni daknrtf, mni nrrfr y, ng ongnr di, mn id nxpnrkngakd‐
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
44?
n. Id nvdiudakñg ns, ng øitk`ds, id afgstdtdakñg mn qun ug prfansf sn nstä iinvdgmf d adcf y mn quë `dgnrd sn nstäg ifordgmf ids `ntds prfpunstds, mnjkgktkvd`ngtn gf tkngn ftrd kgtngakñg qun `nhfrdr id adikmdm, id prfjugmkmdm y ni sngtkmf mni dprngmkzdhn ng id vkmd nsafidr.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
44<
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ÄSND MN ONQ]KÑG DM@KGKQ]SD]KZD [ JKGDGAKNSD
Nstd ärnd md sfpfrtn di trdcdhf kgstktuakfgdi. ]kngn d su adrof tfmfs ifs prfansfs mn dpfyf d id onstkñg dadmë`kad, id dm`kgkstrdakñg mn id pidgtd jàskad, ifs rnaursfs y ifs snrvkakfs, ni `dgnhf mni tdingtf lu`dgf, y ni 45
dpfyf jkgdgaknrf y afgtdcin. ?.4
USFANQFQ MN NZDI^DAKÑG KGQ]K]^A KFGDI
Id Dutfnvdiudakñg ns ugd tdrnd pnr`dgngtn ng ids Kgstktuakfgns mn Nmuadakñg, qun cusad odrdgtkzdr d id sfaknmdm qun ni snrvkakf mn nmuadakñg sn prnstd afg ifs `äs ditfs rnquksktfs mn adikmdm y qun sn au`ping ifs fchntkvfs prfpunstfs, nstd `nmkakñg afgtkgud, prfpkakd id pnr`dgngtn rnvkskñg y dgäiksks mn id vkmd dadmë`kad.
Ng nstn frmng, ids kgstktuakfgns nmuadtkvds admd vnz skngtng id gnanskmdm mn k`pin`ngtdr skstn`ds mn onstkñg mn adikmdm, pdrd nstdr d id vdgoudrmkd mn ifs rnqunrk`kngtfs mn ifs aikngtns ni ngtfrgf y id af`ugkmdm. Afg id onstkñg mn id adikmdm sn iford qun sn tf`ng mnakskfgns qun pfskckiktng id frodgkzdakñg, ni frmngd`kngtf mn ifs prfansfs mnsmn id pidgndakñg, ni `nhfrd`kngtf afgtkguf y ni afgtrfi kgtnordi mn ifs prfansfs. Id onstkñg mn id adikmdm pnr`ktn d id kgstktuakñg nstdcinanr ug pidg nstrdtëokaf8 @kskñg, Zkskñg, Ufiàtkad Mn Adikmdm, Fchntkvfs y ug Uidg Fpnrdtkvf pdrd qun nstdcinzad ni afghugtf mn datkvkmdmns y rnaursfs qun prnvngod id k`prfvksdakñg ng ni nhnrakakf mni mkrnaakfgd`kngtf mn id frodgkzdakñg.
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds, afgsnaungtn afg su rnspfgsdckikmdm y ng dpikadakñg mni prkgakpkf mn Dutfrrnouidakñg daunrmd arndr ni Qkstn`d mn Uidg mn Adikmdm, dpfydmf ng ifs Mfau`ngtfs mni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg (Ouàd 14 y 1=) sfpfrtdmf mfau`ngtdi`ngtn, ng mfgmn sn mnjkgn id dutfnvdiudakñg, sn prnsngtd su nstruaturd d trdvës mn ifs mkjnrngtns af`pfgngtns, sn jkhdg fchntkvfs, sn rnidakfgdg ifs nstd`ngtfs rnspfgsdcins y mn dpfyf, dsà af`f sn mnsarkcn id `ntfmfifoàd pdrd rndikzdr f
45
Kcàm. Uäokgd =< K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
44;
mnsdrrfiidr admd ugf mn ifs af`pfgngtns mn id nvdiudakñg2 ng nstn mfau`ngtf td`ckëg sn jkhdg `ntds mn admd nvdiudakñg y sn kmngtkjkadg ifs mkjnrngtns cngnjkakdrkfs mn id `ks`d.
Mn nstd `dgnrd sn cusad nstdcinanr aidrfs mnrrftnrfs ng tfrgf d id adikmdm ng id onstkñg nmuadtkvd y pnr`ktn kmngtkjkadr ni nstkif y id auiturd frodgkzdakfgdi d trdvës mn `ntds, daakfgns y nstrdtnokds qun pnr`ktdg afgarnakñg mn tdrnds ngad`kgdmds d supnrdr ids ärnds mn `nhfrd2 dsà `ks`f, pfskckiktd mnsdrrfiidr lnrrd`kngtds pdrd dsnourdr id adikmdm mn id jfr`dakñg aflnrngtns afg ids frodgkzdakfgns mn tdiid `ugmkdi2 nidcfrdr pidgns mn `nhfrd qun pnr`ktdg ldanr trdtd`kngtf kgtnordi d ids mnsvkdakfgns ng ni au`pik`kngtf mn ifs rnsuitdmfs mn dprngmkzdhn2 k`pikadr d ifs datfrns mkgä`kafs mni prfansf jfr`dtkvf y, sfcrn tfmf, odrdgtkzdr id sdtksjdaakñg mni pdmrn mn jd`kikd y ni diu`gf afg rnidakñg di au`pik`kngtf mn ifs fchntkvfs prfpunstfs.
Afg cdsn ng if dgtnrkfr, ni Uidg mn @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi (U@K), ns id lnrrd`kngtd mn nstd ntdpd mni skstn`d y ns dmn`äs id nstrdtnokd mn `nhfrd`kngtf afgtkguf mnjkgkmf ng ni Uidg mn Adikmdm2 usdgmf lnrrd`kngtds ngad`kgdmds d `nhfrdr ni mksnôf, pidgkjkadakñg, nhnauakñg y nvdiudakñg mn ids daakfgns nmuadtkvds tngmkngtns d fptk`kzdr ids präatkads ng ids mkvnrsds ärnds mn onstkñg8 Ni Uidg Mn Adikmdm y su lnrrd`kngtd, ni Uidg mn @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi - U@K- ns ug afghugtf mn `nmkmds nstdcinakmds pfr id Snatfràd y su nqukpf mn mkrnaakñg pdrd prfmuakr, ng ug pnràfmf mntnr`kgdmf, ad`ckfs skogkjkadtkvfs ng tfmfs ifs dspnatfs mn id onstkñg nmuadtkvd, mn daunrmf afg ids gnanskmdmns mntnatdmds ng ifs mkjnrngtns prfansfs nvdiudtkvfs y ifs prfpñsktfs dafrmdmfs afg ifs mkjnrngtns nstd`ngtfs mni nstdcinak`kngtf.
If dgtnrkfr skogkjkad qun ni `nhfrd`kngtf mn ids präatkads k`pikad id afgstruaakñg mn nin`ngtfs mn onstkñg nspnaàjkafs qun mncng prkfrkzdrsn pdrd pfskckiktdr ifs ad`ckfs qun sn gnansktdg mngtrf mn id kgstktuakñg nmuadtkvd y mn nsd `dgnrd, `nhfrdr ifs rnsuitdmfs mn ifs dprngmkzdhns, iforfs kgstktuakfgdins y sdtksjdaakñg mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd. Nstd prkfrkzdakñg mncn nstdr daf`pdôdmd mn lnrrd`kngtds mn adikmdm qun afgmuzadg di au`pik`kngtf ng tër`kgfs mn `ntds, nstrdtnokds, daakfgns, tkn`pfs y rnaursfs pdrd id afgarnakñg mn ids daakfgns qun mncng rndikzdrsn murdgtn ni tkn`pf nstdcinakmf.
Ufr nstds rdzfgns pdrd ni dôf 3533 id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds sn vkskfgd af`f ugd frodgkzdakñg qun tngmrä ugd nmuadakñg ngad`kgdmd ldakd ni mkrnaakfgd`kngtf mn su `fmnif pnmdoñokaf ng admd ugd mn ids ärnds mn onstkñg pdrd odrdgtkzdr id ditd adikmdm, id mn`fardakd pdrtkakpdtkvd pdrd qun rnmugmn ng ni mnsdrrfiif sfakdi y af`ugktdrkf mn id rnokñg, mngtrf mn sus mk`ngskfgns dadmë`kad, d`ckngtdi y auiturdi.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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?.4.4
Urfpñsktf
Id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds mn id akumdm Qdgtd @drtd ng drds mn `nhfrdr ni snrvkakf nmuadtkvf y ng dtngakñg d ifs ikgnd`kngtfs nstdcinakmfs pfr ni @.N.G kgkakf ni Urfansf mn Dutfnvdiudakñg afg ni jkg mn8
•
Nvdiudr id adikmdm mni Qnrvkakf Nmuadtkvf qun sn in crkgmd d id af`ugkmdm.
•
Kgvfiuardr d ifs mkjnrngtns nstd`ngtfs kgstktuakfgdins pdrd qun sndg dongtns prfdatkvfs ng mkalf prfansf
•
Kgangtkvdr ni ikmnrdzof ng ifs `kn`crfs mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd.
•
Nvdiudr ids mkjnrngtns ärnds mn onstkñg kgstktuakfgdins, cusadgmf kmngtkjkadr jfrtdinzds y dspnatfs pfr `nhfrdr ng id prnstdakñg mni Qnrvkakf Nmuadtkvf.
•
Afganrtdr id tf`d mn mnakskfgns qun cngnjkakng y sndg prfmuatkvds pdrd tfmd id af`ugkmdm.
•
Nidcfrdr ni Uidg mn @nhfrd`kngtf kgstktuakfgdi qun in dyumn di pidgtni nmuadtkvf d kmngtkjkadr ids ärnds qun rnquknrng afgtrfi y snouk`kngtf afgtkguf.
•
Nhnautdr ids nstrdtnokds suonrkmds ng ni Uidg afg su mnckmf `fgktfrnf.
?.4.3
Mnjkgkakñg Mn Dutfnvdiudakñg.
Ns ug prfansf kgtnrgf, pnr`dgngtn, pdrtkakpdtkvf y affrmkgdmf pdrd ni `nhfrd`kngtf mn id adikmdm mni snrvkakf nmuadtkvf prnstdmf pfr id Kgstktuakñg Nmuadtkvd Mkstrktdi Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds.
?.3
NQ]S^A]^SD MN ID D^]FNZDI^DA KÑG
Qfg af`pfgngtns mn id dutfnvdiudakñg ng id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds8
4.
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg Mn Ifs Dspnatfs Aurrkauidrns.
3.
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg Mn Ifs Urfansfs Dadmë`kafs [ Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs.
1.
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg Urfjnsfrdi.
=.
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg Mni K`pdatf Qfakdi Mn Ifs Nornsdmfs.
>.
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg Mni Uidg Mn Mnsdrrfiif Kgstktuakfgdi.
:.
Af`pfgngtn Dutfnvdiudakñg mni Uidg mn Adikmdm. K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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?.3.4
Af`pfgngtn nvdiudakñg mn ifs dspnatfs aurrkauidrns.
Nstd nvdiudakñg prfpngmn pfr id nxaningakd ng id adikmdm mni snrvkakf nmuadtkvf. K`pikad vnrkjkadr id aflnrngakd ngtrn ni Mksnôf Aurrkauidr prnvkstf y ifs Uidgns mn Nstumkf qun cusad nstdcinanr id pnrtkgngakd mni aurràauif, id jinxkckikmdm, id datudikzdakñg, ifs d`ckngtns mn dprngmkzdhn pfr af`pntngakds y ids nstrdtnokds `ntfmfiñokads.
?.3.4.4
➣
F CHN]KZFQ M N I D N ZDI^DAKÑG M N I FQ D QUNA]FQ A ^SSKA^IDSNQ .
Nvdiudr id pnrtkgngakd ngtrn ni Urfynatf Nmuadtkvf Kgstktuakfgdi mn daunrmf afg ids gnanskmdmns mni `nmkf sfakdi y mni snatfr prfmuatkvf rnokfgdi y ifadi.
➣
Kmngtkjkadr ids pnranpakfgns mni nstumkdgtn afg rnspnatf d ifs af`pfgngtns mni Uidg mn Nstumkfs, ng ongnrdi.
➣
Nvdiudr afgtkgud`ngtn ifs Uidgns mn Nstumkf d trdvës mn idcfrns mn snouk`kngtf pdrd vnrkjkadakñg mn su mnsdrrfiif.
➣
Qnôdidr ifs dhustns y trdgsjfr`dakfgns mnrkvdmds mn ids nstrdtnokds mn datudikzdakñg, rngfvdakñg y jinxkckikmdm aurrkauidr. (Dpikadmf d ifs pidgns mn nstumkf, `ntfmfifoàds, mkmäatkads, pnmdofoàd).
➣
?.3.4.3
Sntrfdik`ngtdr d id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd ng audgtf d ifs prfansfs pnrtkgngtns qun sn mnsdrrfiing. N Q]D@NG]FQ S NQUFGQDCINQ [ M N D UF[F M N I D N ZDI^DAKÑG A ^SSKA^IDS
Qfg nstd`ngtfs rnspfgsdcins y mn dpfyf pdrd rndikzdr id nvdiudakñg aurrkauidr ifs skoukngtns8 •
Snatfràd
•
Afgsnhf Mkrnatkvf
•
Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf y mn Afgvkvngakd
•
Affrmkgdakñg Dadmë`kad
•
Hnjns mn Ärnd, Urfjnsfrns Mkrnatfrns mn Orupf y mn Urfynatfs
•
Nstumkdgtns
• •
Urfjnsfrns Nornsdmfs
•
Udrns d`kofs
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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?.3.4.1
@ N]FMFIFOÀD U DS D S NDIKXDS I D N ZDI^DAKÑG A ^SSKA^IDS
Id nvdiudakñg aurrkauidr sn rndikzdrä d trdvës mn8 4.
Ngaungtrfs mn prfjnsfrns afg ni affrmkgdmfr. Nstfs ngaungtrfs sn ldräg ugd vnz pfr admd pnràfmf.
3.
Snugkfgns mn ifs nstumkdgtns mn admd orupf afg ni mkrnatfr mn orupf f afg ni affrmkgdmfr. Qn ldräg
sn`nstrdi`ngtn f audgmf if d`nrktn. 1. Qnskfgns mni Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf pdrd id dmfpakñg mn `fmkjkadakfgns d ifs pidgns mn nstumkf. ^gd pfr pnràfmf nsafidr. =.
Dpikadakñg mn Kgstru`ngtf mn afgsuitd d ifs nornsdmfs. Audgmf if d`nrktn f di `ngfs d id tnr`kgdakñg
mn ugd prf`fakñg. >.
Dgäiksks n Kgtnrprntdakñg mn ifs rnsuitdmfs mn ifs nstumkfs sfcrn ni k`pdatf sfakdi mn ifs nornsdmfs sfcrn
ni `nmkf. Audgmf if d`nrktn f di `ngfs ugd vnz di dôf.
Id nvdiudakñg snrä frodgkzdmd pfr ni (id) affrmkgdmfr iàmnr mni prfansf y rndikzdmd pfr ug orupf nvdiudmfr ninokmf y adpdaktdmf pdrd id tdrnd.
?.3.4.=
4.
@ N]DQ M N I D N ZDI^DAKÑG A ^SSKA^IDS
Mksnôf mn ug Uidg Aurrkauidr pnrtkgngtn, jinxkcin, dafrmn afg ids nxkongakds mni `nmkf sfakdi y mni snatfr
prfmuatkvf. 3.
Znrkjkadakñg mn ids afgmkakfgns mn adikmdm ng ni Uidg Aurrkauidr.
1.
Dhustns d ifs aurràauifs, pidgns mn nstumkf, `ntfmfifoàds, nstrdtnokds pnmdoñokads.
=.
Afgfak`kngtf mn id pnranpakñg mn ifs nstumkdgtns danrad mn ifs prford`ds dadmë`kafs.
>.
Jfr`uidakñg mn gunvds nstrdtnokds mn dprngmkzdhn frkngtdmds di `nhfrd`kngtf mn ifs pidgns mn nstumkf
y ng ni prfansf mn jfr`dakñg kgtnordi pfr ifs mfangtns. :.
Afgsfikmdakñg mn id kgjfr`dakñg mn rntrfdik`ngtdakñg d prfjnsfrns y mkrnatkvds mn Id Kgstktuakñg
?.3.4.>
C NGNJKAKDSKFQ M N I D N ZDI^DAKÑG A ^SSKA^IDS Snatfràd
• •
Affrmkgdakñg Dadmë`kad y mn Afgvkvngakd
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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•
Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf
•
Urfjnsfrns ng ongnrdi
•
Nstumkdgtns
?.3.3
Af`pfgngtn nvdiudakñg mn ifs prfansfs dadmë`kafs y dm`kgkstrdtkvfs.
Nstd nvdiudakñg tkngn af`f prfpñsktf vnidr pfr id adikmdm mni snrvkakf pøcikaf ng id nmuadakñg, d trdvës mni au`pik`kngtf mn ifs Urfansfs Dadmë`kafs y ifs Urfansfs Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs.
?.3.3.4
F CHN]KZFQ M N I D N ZDI^DAKÑG M N I FQ U SFANQFQ D ADMË@KAFQ [ D M@KGKQ]SD]KZFQ .
Qfg fchntkvfs mn id nvdiudakñg mn ifs prfansfs dadmë`kafs y dm`kgkstrdtkvfs ifs skoukngtns8
4.
@nmkr id dpikadakñg njkadz mn ids mkrnatrkans snôdidmds pfr Id Kgstktuakñg
3.
Nvdiudr ids afgmkakfgns mn adikmdm mn ifs Urfansfs Dadmë`kafs y Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs.
1.
Gutrkr ifs rnsuitdmfs mn ids nvdiudakfgns mn ifs prfansfs y `nmkr ifs diadgans afg rnspnatf di prfpñsktf
mn `nhfrd`kngtf. =. >.
Mnjkgkr ifs Kgmkadmfrns mn iforf y nstdcinanr ids `ntds nspnrdmds. Afgstrukr ifs Uidgns mn @nhfrd`kngtf Afgtkguf prnvkstfs pdrd id afrrnspfgmkngtn dgudikmdm ng admd
ugd mn ids ärnds prkfrkzdmds..
?.3.3.3
N Q]D@NG]FQ S NQUFGQDCINQ [ M N D UF[F M N I D N ZDI^DAKÑG M N I FQ U SFANQFQ D ADMË@KAFQ [ D M@KGKQ]SD]KZFQ 8
Qfg nstd`ngtfs rnspfgsdcins y mn dpfyf pdrd rndikzdr id nvdiudakñg mn ifs prfansfs dadmë`kafs y dm`kgkstrdtkvfs ifs skoukngtns8
4.
Snatfràd
3. 1.
Affrmkgdakñg Dadmë`kad y mn Afgvkvngakd Qnarntdràd Ongnrdi
=.
Af`ugkmdm Dadmë`kad8 Urfjnsfrns, Nstumkdgtns, Nornsdmfs, Unrsfgdi Dm`kgkstrdtkvf y mn Qnrvkakfs.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
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?.3.3.1
@ N]FMFIFOÀD U DS D S NDIKXDS I D N ZDI^DAKÑG M N I FQ U SFANQFQ D ADMË@KAFQ [ D M@KGKQ]SD]KZFQ
Id nvdiudakñg mn ifs prfansfs dadmë`kafs y dm`kgkstrdtkvfs sn rndikzdrä d trdvës mn ngaungtrfs sn`nstrdins y ugd dgudi pfr admd af`ktë f orupf mn trdcdhf.
?.3.3.=
@ N]DQ M N I D N ZDI^DAKÑG M N I FQ U SFANQFQ D ADMË@KAFQ [ D M@KGKQ]SD]KZFQ
Ids skoukngtns sfg ids `ntds mn id nvdiudakñg mn ifs prfansfs dadmë`kafs y dm`kgkstrdtkvfs8 4.
Snvkskñg mn id aflnrngakd mn ifs prfansfs dadmë`kafs y dm`kgkstrdtkvfs afg id @kskñg y Zkskñg
kgstktuakfgdins. 3.
Znrkjkadakñg mn id adikmdm y au`pik`kngtf mn ifs prfansfs dadmë`kafs y dm`kgkstrdtkvf.
1.
Dgäiksks mn id jinxkckikmdm, pnrtkgngakd y dokikmdm mn id onstkñg dadmë`kad y dm`kgkstrdtkvd.
=.
@fmkjkadakñg mn ifs prfansfs y prfanmk`kngtfs audgmf nstfs yd gf sfg pnrtkgngtns pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif
kgstktuakfgdi.
?.3.3.>
C NGNJKAKDSKD M N I D N ZDI^DAKÑG M N I FQ U SFANQFQ D ADMË@KAFQ [ D M@KGKQ]SD]KZFQ
Id af`ugkmdm mn id KNM Sfmrkof Odiväg mn id Cdstkmds y id Qfaknmdm ng ongnrdi.
?.3.1
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudakñg Mfangtn.
Ni Mnsdrrfiif Urfjnsfrdi ns pdrdinif d su mnsn`pnôf prfjnskfgdi. Mncn afrrnspfgmnr d ifs fchntkvfs nstrdtëokafs y mkrkokrsn ldakd id cøsqunmd mn id nxaningakd nmuadtkvd. Id nvdiudakñg mfangtn af`prngmn8 ugd dutfnvdiudakñg, ugd lntnrf-nvdiudakñg y id afnvdiudakñg.
Fchntkvfs Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Mn Mfangtns.
4. Znrkjkadr ni au`pik`kngtf mni trdcdhf mn ifs prfjnsfrns. 3. Kmngtkjkadr ids pnranpakfgns mn ifs nstumkdgtns, sfcrn id idcfr mn ifs mfangtns. 1. Uidgndr id mkstrkcuakñg mn ids datkvkmdmns dadmë`kads mn `dgnrd aflnrngtn afg ids adikmdmns mni prfjnsfr y afg ids gnanskmdmns Kgstktuakfgdins. =. Uidgndr id jfr`dakñg y adpdaktdakñg mni prfjnsfrdmf.
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
43>
>. Adikjkadr d ifs prfjnsfrns pdrd id dskogdakñg mn pugtdhns qun tngodg njnatfs mn ftfrod`kngtf mn nstà`uifs y pdrd mntnr`kgdr id nstdckikmdm idcfrdi. :. Nstdcinanr ni nstdmf dadmë`kaf mni prfjnsfr pdrd audikjkadrif, nstk`uidrif, prn`kdrif f sdgakfgdrif audgmf ldyd iuodr.
Nstd`ngtfs Snspfgsdcins y mn Dpfyf mn id Nvdiudakñg Mfangtn
4. Affrmkgdakñg Dadmë`kad y mn Afgvkvngakd 3. Afgsnhf Dadmë`kaf 1. Af`ktë mn Adikmdm =. Nstumkdgtns >. Snprnsngtdgtn mn ifs Mfangtns dgtn ni afgsnhf mkrnatkvf
@ntfmfifoàd mn id Nvdiudakñg Mfangtn
Ni prfanmk`kngtf pdrd id nvdiudakñg prfjnsfrdi nstä mnjkgkmf y dpfydmf ng id Ouàd 14 mni @kgkstnrkf mn Nmuadakñg Gdakfgdi.
@ntds mn Id Nvdiudakñg Urfjnsfrdi
4. Zdifrdr mni mnsn`pnôf mfangtn y mni trdcdhf rndikzdmf ng admd sn`nstrn. 3. Mntnr`kgdr qun afganptf tkngng ifs nstumkdgtns y mkrnatkvfs sfcrn ni trdcdhf mn sus prfjnsfrns. 1. Snafpkidr mdtfs pdrd nvdiudakñg kgtnordi mn ifs prfjnsfrns. =. Nstdcinanr ni ordmf mn sdtksjdaakñg mn id idcfr mnsn`pnôdmd pfr ni prfjnsfr, admd sn`nstrn >. Qkstn`dtkzdr ids jfrtdinzds y mnckikmdmns mni prfjnsfr pdrd prf`fvnr su arnak`kngtf dadmë`kaf y su af`prf`ksf afg id cøsqunmd mn id nxaningakd ng id adikmdm mni snrvkakf nmuadtkvf. :. Mksnôdr ni pidg mn adpdaktdakñg y jfr`dakñg mn prfjnsfrns. ?. Znrkjkadr id pnrtkgngakd mn ifs kgstru`ngtfs dpikadcins d admd nstd`ngtf pdrd id nvdiudakñg mni prfjnsfr. <. @nmkr mni mnsn`pnôf mn id idcfr dadmë`kad afganrtdmd di kgkakdr ni dôf nsafidr, ngtrn ni prfjnsfr y su Affrmkgdmfr
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
43:
Cngnjkakdrkfs mn id Nvdiudakñg Urfjnsfrdi
4. Ifs Urfjnsfrns 3. Ifs Nstumkdgtns 1. Ids Affrmkgdakfgns =. Udmrns mn Jd`kikd >. Qnarntdràd Ongnrdi :. Snatfràd
?.3.=
Af`pfgngtn Nvdiuda kñg mni K`pdatf Qfakdi mn ifs Nornsdmfs
Afgskstn ng vksudikzdr ni njnatf mni @fmnif Unmdoñokaf mn Id Kgstktuakñg y mn nxd`kgdr id aflnrngakd y pnrtkgngakd mni Uidg mn Nstumkfs ng rnidakñg afg ni `nmkf sfakdi y afg ni Qnatfr Urfmuatkvf.
Fchntkvfs Mn Id Nvdiudakñg Mni K`pdatf Qfakdi Mn Ifs Nornsdmfs 4. Dgdikzdr id pnrtkgngakd mn id jfr`dakñg rnakckmd. 3. Nvdiudr ifs k`pdatfs sfakdins mn gunstrf Uidg mn Nstumkf 1. Kmngtkjkadr ids pnranpakfgns qun mn gunstrfs nornsdmfs tkngng ids ugkvnrskmdmns, kgstktutfs mn nmuadakñg supnrkfr Jfr`di n Kgjfr`di, ifs n`prnsdrkfs, n`pindmfrns y usudrkfs ng `dtnrkd mn adikmdm mn su mnsn`pnôf. Nstd`ngtfs rnspfgsdcins y mn dpfyf mn id nvdiudakñg mni K`pdatf Qfakdi mn ifs Nornsdmfs 4. Ifs Nornsdmfs 3. Af`ktë mn Nornsdmfs 1. Ifs Urfjnsfrns Affrmkgdmfrns. =. Id Snatfràd >. Af`ktë mn Adikmdm
K.N.M. SFMSKOF ODIZÄG MN ID CDQ]KMDQ
43?
@ntfmfifoàd mn id Nvdiudakñg mni K`pdatf mn ifs Nornsdmfs
Qn dpikad ugd ngaunstd f ngtrnvkstd d ifs Kgstktutfs mn Nmuadakñg Jfr`di n Kgjfr`di, di snatfr Urfmuatkvf, d ifs N`prnsdrkfs, N`pindmfrns y ^sudrkfs ng pdrtkauidr. Id ngaunstd `nmkdgtn jfr`uidrkf k`prnsf y id ngtrnvkstd `nmkdgtn prnougtds prnvkd`ngtn nidcfrdmds.
Ifs mdtfs rnafokmfs sn rnvksdg, sn dgdikzdg y sn afgjrfgtdg afg ifs nstumkfs sfakfnafgñ`kafs qun sn tngodg mn ngtkmdmns ifadins, rnokfgdins f gdakfgdins. Id nvdiudakñg punmn rndikzdrsn di `ngfs admd mfs (3) dôfs.
@ntds mn id Nvdiudakñg mni K`pdatf mn ifs Nornsdmfs
4. Snmnjkgkr ni pnrjki mni Nstumkdgtn y mni Nornsdmf mn id Kgstktuakñg ng rnspunstd d ids nxkongakds sfakdins, pfiàtkads y nafgñ`kads mni `nmkf akraugmdgtn. 3. Dhustdr f `fmkjkadr ni @fmnif Aurrkauidr. 1. Dhustdr f `fmkjkadr ifs Uidgns mn Nstumkf. =. Sndikzdr ni cdidgan mn pnranpakfgns mn nornsdmfs sfcrn ifs gkvnins mn sdtksjdaakñg mn sus gnanskmdmns pnrsfgdins y sfakdins y/f nmuadtkvds ng rnidakñg afg ni `nmkf. >. @nmkr ifs gkvnins mn sdtksjdaakñg mn ifs nornsdmfs afg rnspnatf d id kgstktuakñg. :. Angtrdikzdr id kgjfr`dakñg sfcrn k`pdatfs sfakdins y trdynatfrkd idcfrdi mn ifs nornsdmfs.
Cngnjkakdrkfs mn id Nvdiudakñg mni K`pdatf mn ifs Nornsdmfs
>. Nornsdmfs :. Snatfràd ?. Urfjnsfrns Affrmkgdmfrns mn prford`d <. Qnatfr Urfmuatkvf
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Af`pfgngtn Nvdiudak ñg Mni Uidg Mn @nhfrd`kng tf Kgstktuakfgdi
Af`prngmn id nvdiudakñg mni Uidg mn Mnsdrrfiif Kgstktuakfgdi y mni Uidg Dgudi, nvdiudakñg fcikodtfrkd pdrd ni prfansf mn `nmkakñg, audgtkjkadakñg y adikjkadakñg mni diadgan mn ifs fchntkvfs prfpunstfs y mn ifs prfynatfs d mnsdrrfiidr.
D trdvës mn id nvdiudakñg mn mkalfs pidgns sn afgskoun dutfnvdiudr tfmfs y admd ugf mn ifs prfynatfs y prford`ds kgstktuakfgdins d pdrtkr mn kgjfr`dakñg sustdgtkvd rnafokmd `nmkdgtn ni mkdogñstkaf mn vdrkdcins aràtkads. Qn cusad prkgakpdi`ngtn ni jfrtdinak`kngtf mn id adpdakmdm mn dm`kgkstrdakñg y mn onstkñg kgstktuakfgdi y sn jf`ngtd id auiturd mn id pidgkjkadakñg mn datkvkmdmns tngmkngtns d `nhfrdr id adikmdm.
Fchntkvfs mn id Nvdiudakñg mni Uidg mn @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi •
Mntnr`kgdr ifs gkvnins mn iforf mn ifs prfynatfs mksnôdmfs pdrd ni au`pik`kngtf mn admd fchntkvf nstrdtëokaf.
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Mnjkgkr ifs jdatfrns nspnaàjkafs mn dpikadakñg ng id nhnauakñg mni Uidg Mn @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi.
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Urf`fvnr id dutfrrnouidakñg mn ifs prfansfs mn sfpfrtn d admd prfynatf.
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Urdatkadr ifs dhustns pnrtkgngtns d admd prfynatf.
Nstd`ngtfs Snspfgsdcins y mn Dpfyf mn Id Nvdiudakñg mni Uidg Mn @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi 4. Snatfràd 3. Af`ktë mn Adikmdm 1. Affrmkgdmfrns =. Urfjnsfrns Iàmnrns mn Urfynatfs >. Afgsnhf dadmë`kaf :. Af`ugkmdm Dadmë`kad y Dm`kgkstrdtkvfs mn id Kgstktuakñg
@ntds mn id nvdiudakñg mni Uidg mn @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi
4. Ldanr snouk`kngtf d id nhnauakñg y ifs rnsuitdmfs mn ifs prfynatfs prfpunstfs pdrd id vkongakd afrrnspfgmkngtn. 3. @nmkr ni Ordmf mn au`pik`kngtf mni Uidg Mn @nhfrd`kngtf Kgstktuakfgdi
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1. Urnsngtdr ni Kgjfr`n mn Onstkñg, dgudi`ngtn.
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MNJKGKAKÑG MN ASK]NSKFQ UDSD ID ^]KIKXDAKÑG MN IFQ SNQ^I]DMFQ FC]NGKMFQ NG ADMD ^GD MN IDQ NZDI^DAKFGN Q
Ifs rnsuitdmfs fctngkmfs sn utkikzdräg pdrd8
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K`pin`ngtdakñg mn nstrdtnokds pdrd afrrnokr, rnjfrzdr y `ftkvdr ifs prfansfs mn dprngmkzdhn y afgvkvngakd
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Afgtkgukmdm mn prfansfs, `ntfmfifoàd y nstrdtnokds dsnrtkvds
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ÄSND MN ONQ]KÑG MN ID AFGZKZNGAKD USNQNG]DAKÑG
Afgsakngtns mn id k`pfrtdgakd qun tkngn ni danrad`kngtf afg id af`ugkmdm, id kgstktuakñg ng afgstdgtn nvdiudakñg mn su ngtfrgf fjrnan ditnrgdtkvds nmuadtkvds pdrd id pfcidakñg, dcrkngmf nspdakfs aknrtfs y pnrtkgngtns mn mnsdrrfiif pnrsfgdi y af`ugktdrkf. Qf`fs afgsakngtns mn id k`pfrtdgakd mn id affpnrdakñg, mn id jfr`dakñg y trdgsjfr`dakñg afg ni jkg mn mkjugmkr ifs afgfak`kngtfs mn id jfr`dakñg pdrd ni trdcdhf y ni mnsdrrfiif lu`dgf, ni kgtnrad`ckf mn nxpnrkngakds idcfrdins y n`prngmnmfrds mn gunstrfs nornsdmfs, ni mnsdrrfiif y ni snrvkakf sfakdi.
Ng ongnrdi tfmd id fjnrtd nmuadtkvd mn id Kgstktuakñg afrrnspfgmn di prfpñsktf mn crkgmdr rnspunstd d id gnanskmdm mn ids af`ugkmdmns `äs vuignrdcins, d dcrkr ad`kgfs pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif pnrsfgdi y pdrd id jfr`dakñg mn ugd auiturd pnrsfgdi y af`ugktdrkd mn ckngnstdr y prf`fakñg mni n`prngmk`kngtf.
Id cungd afgvkvngakd nsafidr ns jugmd`ngtdi pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif y jfr`dakñg pnrsfgdi mn ifs nstumkdgtns y afidcfrd mkrnatd`ngtn ng diadgzdr dprngmkzdhns mn adikmdm. Ids afgmuatds, datktumns y jfr`ds mn afgvkvkr gf vkfingtds, sfikmdrkds, rnspfgsdcins y hustds sn dprngmng, pfr nstf mncng snr ugd afgstdgtn ng ids präatkads mn afgvkvngakd mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd.
Id kgstktuakñg, k`pin`ngtd datkvkmdmns mn tkpf jfr`dtkvf y vdiñrkaf d trdvës mn mkstkgtfs nspdakfs qun kgvfiuardg tdgtf d nstumkdgtns af`f d pdmrns, `dnstrfs y jugakfgdrkfs, ng mfgmn sn prntngmn jf`ngtdr id adpdakmdm mn rnspntdr y vdifrdr di ftrf afg sus mkjnrngakds ng audgtf d sus kmnds, arnngakds, jfr`ds mn sngtkr y mn nxprnsdrsn, tfinrdgmf kgtnrnsns mkstkgtfs mn ifs prfpkfs, rnafgfakngmf ni mkäifof y id af`ugkadakñg af`f lnrrd`kngtds pnr`dgngtns mn supnrdakñg mn mkjnrngakds.
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FCHN]KZFQ
<.3.4
Fchntkvf ongnrdi
Dpfydr jdakiktdgmf datkvkmdmns pdrd ni mnsdrrfiif mn id sdgd afgvkvngakd ng id af`ugkmdm nsafidr mn id kgstktuakñg, jdvfrnakngmf ids rnidakfgns kgtnrpnrsfgdins y id rnsfiuakñg mn afgjikatfs k`pdatdgmf pfsktkvd`ngtn ifs rnsuitdmfs mn dprngmkzdhns. <.3.3
Fchntkvfs Nspnaàjkafs
4. Urf`fvnr ngtrn ifs nstumkdgtns id sdgd afgvkvngakd nsafidr pfgkngmf ëgjdsks ng ni afgfak`kngtf mn mnrnalfs, mncnrns y id rnsfiuakñg pdaàjkad mn ifs afgjikatfs. 3. Jf`ngtdr ngtrn ifs `kn`crfs mn ifs mkstkgtfs nstd`ngtfs mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd ni rnspntf `utuf y ids rnidakfgns kgtnrpnrsfgdins. 1. Kgvfiuardr d tfmfs ifs datfrns mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd afg id cungd afgvkvngakd nsafidr y sus cngnjkakfs.
<.1
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USFANQFQ MN USF@FAKÑG MN QDGD AFGZKZNGAKD
Urf`fakñg mni @dgudi mn Afgvkvngakd. Ni @dgudi mn Afgvkvngakd (Znr Dgnxfs), ns id rutd pdrd id cungd afgvkvngakd mn id kgstktuakñg, pfr nsf su sfakdikzdakñg, mkvuiodakñg y nhnrakakf sfg dspnatfs jugmd`ngtdins mngtrf mn ids datkvkmdmns aftkmkdgds mni nstumkdgtn Odivdgkstd. Murdgtn ni dôf nsafidr sn dcrng nspdakfs pdrd mnsdrrfiidr daakfgns tngmkngtns d mdr d afgfanr y prf`fvnr su au`pik`kngtf di kgtnrkfr mn ifs mkjnrngtns nstd`ngtfs.
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Zdifr jfr`dtkvf mni `ns8 datkvkmdm mkrkokmd d ifs nstumkdgtns pdrd qun punmdg rnjinxkfgdr ng tfrgf d ug d vdifr jfr`dtkvf qun dpfyn id afgvkvngakd nsafidr, ni audi ns pucikadmf ng ids adrtninrds mn id kgstktuakñg d jkg mn qun ifs pdmrns rnjunrang ng adsd mkalf vdifr.
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Dtngakñg ng Frkngtdakñg Nsafidr, d trdvës mn dtngakñg pnrsfgdikzdmd f pfr orupfs, qun prf`unvn ids rnidakfgns sdiumdcins ngtrn af`pdônrfs, afinods y pdmrns mn jd`kikd.
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Anincrdakfgns mn màds nspnakdins. Mnmkadmf d id prf`fakñg mn datkvkmdmns iømkads qun ins pnr`ktd vkvkr jfr`ds mkstkgtds mn rnidakfgdrsn, kmngtkjkadrsn afg sus prfynatfs mn vkmd, lkstfrkd ifadi y gdakfgdi.
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Qn`dgd mn id Akngakd, d trdvës mn ifs iforfs dadmë`kafs prf`fakfgdr, rnsditdr y prn`kdr id kggfvdakñg, arndtkvkmdm y trdcdhf ng orupf mn ifs nstumkdgtns, `nmkdgtn id jdakiktdakñg mn nspdakfs pdrd qun ifs nstumkdgtns af`pdrtdg sus ëxktfs y ni rnsuitdmf mn prfynatfs akngtàjkafs nsafidrns.
FSKNG]DAKÑG NQAFIDS
Ng id fjkakgd mn Frkngtdakñg Nsafidr sn prntngmn ikmnrdr ifs prfansfs mn mkdogñstkaf, pdgkjkadakñg, nhnauakñg y nvdiudakñg mn ids daakfgns kgstktuakfgdins ngad`kgdmds ldakd id frkngtdakñg nstumkdgtki y ni jfrtdinak`kngtf mn id afgvkvngakd nsafidr.
Ids datkvkmdmns prford`dmds sfg vksudikzdmds ng afgskmnrdakñg d ifs mkvnrsfs kgtnordgtns mn id af`ugkmdm nmuadtkvd Odivdgkstd. Mngtrf mn ids qun sn mnstdad8
4.
Nspdakfs mn audikjkadakñg mn ids jd`kikds. Auyf prfpñsktf ns, prf`fvnr id kgtnrdaakñg y ni kgtnrad`ckf
mn nxpnrkngakds danrad mn ids präatkads mn arkdgzd y tn`ds rnjnrngtns d ids gnanskmdmns qun prnsngtdg ifs nstumkdgtns ng ids mkjnrngtns ntdpds mn su mnsdrrfiif2 pdrd jfrtdinanr sus afgfak`kngtfs y ldckikmdmns af`f rnspfgsdcins mn id jfr`dakñg kgtnordi mn sus lkhfs. Iforfs8 sn rndikzdrfg = hfrgdmds, afg ifs ordmfs trdgskakñg y prk`drkd (snmn ]dyrfgd), ng @dgnhf mn id Dutfrkmdm y nstdcinak`kngtf mn ià`ktns, Läcktfs mn nstumkf y rnspfgsdckikmdm mn id jd`kikd ng ni prfansf nsafidr, afgmuatds snxudins kgdmnaudmds, y id af`ugkadakñg af`f daakñg prnvngtkvd mn rknsof pskafsfakdins. 3.
Frkngtdakñg nsafidr kgmkvkmudi. Afg if qun sn prntngmn jdvfrnanr ni ckngnstdr y mnsdrrfiif pnrsfgdi,
jd`kikdr y sfakdi mn ifs pdrtkakpdgtns mn nstfs prfansfs. Ifordgmf nstdcinanrsn qun ongnrdi`ngtn gunstrd pfcidakñg nstumkdgtki prnsngtd ids skoukngtns gnanskmdmns8 1.
Frkngtdakñg vfadakfgdi y prfjnskfgdi. Ni fchntkvf prfpunstf ns sngskckikzdr d ifs nstumkdgtns mn ifs
ordmfs 45µ y 44µ pdrd qun `nmkdgtn id rnjinxkñg tf`ng mnakskfgns rnspfgsdcins afg rnidakñg d su juturf prfjnskfgdi y idcfrdi, tngkngmf af`f rnjnrngtn ni prfynatf mn vkmd y ni rnafgfak`kngtf mn ldckikmdmns y mnstrnzds. =.
Frkngtdakñg orupdi afg nstumkdgtns8 Cusad ongnrdr ng id pfcidakñg nstumkdgtki, prfansfs mn rnjinxkñg
qun jdvfrnzadg ug njnatkvf ad`ckf mn datktum y af`pfrtd`ngtdi afg rnidakñg d prfcin`ätkads qun vkvngakd y qun d su vnz kgakmng ng sus prfansfs mn afgvkvngakd y dadmë`kafs. Iforfs8 Qn mnsdrrfiidrfg tdiinrns afg ifs ordmfs snxtfs, pdrd prf`fvnr id sngskckikzdakñg sfcrn präatkads frkngtdmds ldakd ni nhnrakakf mn ugd snxudikmdm
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rnspfgsdcin, `nmkdmd pfr prfansfs sfakfs djnatkvfs. Afg ifs ordmfs gfvngfs, ids nstrdtnokds sn prfpfgng jdvfrnanr ugd auiturd mn mnrnalf n kgaiuskvd, ng id qun ifs nstumkdgtns nvkmngakng af`pntngakds sfakdins mn danptdakñg y rnspntf pfr ids mkjnrngakds kmnfiñokads, auiturdins, rnikokfsds y mn oëgnrf. Afg ifs ordmfs mnak`fs, sn trdcdhd daakfgns mni cung trdtf, af`f jdatfr qun kgakmn ng ugd mks`kguakñg mn id vkfingakd y du`ngtd id afgstruaakñg mn ug aik`d jdvfrdcin ng ni duid mn aidsns. (Dpfyf mn id jdauitdm mn pskafifoàd-^gk`do). >.
Nspdakfs mn audikjkadakñg mfangtn.
:. Jfrtdinak`kngtf mn Dikdgzds Kgstktuakfgdins. Qn aungtd afg ni dpfyf mn id pfikaàd dgtkgdrañtkafs, afg su prford`d mn prnvngakñg mn afgsu`f mn sustdgakds pskafdatkvds (ordmfs snxtfs d gfvngfs). Afg pfikaàd mn kgjdgakd y dmfinsangakd, ng id dtngakñg mn sktudakfgns afgarntds, y daakfgns mn prnvngakñg mni mniktf, Snspfgsdckikmdm pngdi pdrd dmfinsangtns, y afgmuatds dcuskvds (mrfods)2 ordmfs snxtfs y sëptk`fs. Afg sdium mkstrktdi, ng ni tn`d mn prnvngakñg mn afgmuatds rknsofsds dsfakdmds d id snxudikmdm. Afg ni KACJ, ng id dtngakñg y snouk`kngtf d sktudakfgns afgarntds mn @ditrdtf kgjdgtki, sktudakñg mn n`cdrdzf y afgtdatf afg mrfods diuakgñongds. ?.
Daakfgns pdrd id prf`fakñg mni trägsktf mn gkôfs ldakd ni ordmf trdgskakñg. Qn rndikzdg daakfgns mn
danrad`kngtf y dpfyf, afg ifs lfodrns af`ugktdrkfs (Fpnrdmfr, @dmrns af`ugktdrkds, `dmrns usudrkds y gkôfs cngnjkakdrkfs) mn ifs snatfrns ]dyrfgd, sdgtdgd y vkiid mni rkf.
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