Ragas in Hindu Music

RAGAS IN

INDIAN MUSIC A COMPLETE REFERENCE SOURCE FOR Carnatic Ragas, Hindustani Ragas, Western Scales, Kathakali Ragas, and Tamil Panns With Carnatic Notation, Staff Notation, ‘ABC’ Notation, Synonyms, Raga Types, Swara Names, Varjya Swaras, Intervals, Sruthi Bedhams and Piano Rolls.

VK KRISHNA PRASAD

CBH PUBLICATIONS ,,,

Contents

Page

Introduction Ragas in Indian Music

I 1-700

Indexes based on different Classifications

701

72 Sampurna Melakartha Ragas

703

72 Asampurna Melakartha Ragas

704

Hexatonic Ragas

705

Pentatonic Ragas

706

Panchama Varjya Ragas

708

Bhashanga Ragas

710

Nishadantya Ragas

711

Dhaivatantya Ragas

711

Panchamantya Ragas

711

Svarantara Ragas

711

Moorchanakaraka Ragas

712

4 Yazhs (Perum Panns) of Ancient Tamil Music

716

7 Palais (Parent Scales) of Ancient Tamil Music

716

24 Thevara Panns of Ancient Tamil Music

716

Kathakali Ragas

717

Western Scales

720

10 Thaats of Hindustani Music

723

Hindustani Ragas

723

Carnatic Ragas

726

Master Index

738

9,,

Raga Format

X

Raga Format No.

Details

01 02

Raga Name Melakartha Number and Melakartha Name to which the Raga belongs. Additional Melakartha Numbers: If a Raga belongs to different Melas, all the additional numbers are provided here. Name of the Chakra the Raga belongs to. The category and type of Raga is provided here. (Janaka, Janya, Krama, Vakra, Upanga, Bhashanga, Sampurna, Shadava, Audava, Svarantara) The Arohana and Avarohana of the Raga. (Carnatic Letter Notation) The Names of the Carnatic Swaras used in the Raga. If there is an Anya Swara, the same will be highlighted. Varjya Swaras: Names of the Swaras which are not used in the Raga. Piano Roll: Keyboard layout with number sequences for both Arohana and Avarohana Staff Notation for both Arohana and Avarohana of the Raga. “ABC” Letter notation for both Ascending and Descending scale. Semitone Intervals: The distance between adjacent notes in the Raga. Intervals for both Ascending and Descending scale on a 12 tone scale. Scale: The Scale type (Heptatonic, Hexatonic, Pentatonic) and the Scale names as known in Western Music System or other parts of the World. Synonyms: Equivalent Raga names or Ragas which share the same Arohana and Avarohana. Hindustani equivalent Raga names. The Thaat to which it belongs is also provided here. The Names of the Hindustani Swaras used in the Raga. Ragas derived by Sruthi Bedham.

03 04 05

06 07 08 09 10 11 12

13

14 15 16 17

XI

Ragas In Indian Music

V

444-This variable denotes the type of Swaras used in the Raga. This can be either Upanga or Bhashanga. Upanga Raga: This type of Raga uses only the Swaras which belong to the Parent Melakartha Raga. Anya Swaras are not used. Bhashanga Raga: This type of Raga uses one or more Anya Swaras. Anya Swaras are the notes which do not belong to the Parent Melakaratha Raga. Anya Swaras can be present in either Arohana or Avarohana or both. 555-This variable describes the nature of sequence of Swaras in Arohana, Avarohana or both. This can be either a Krama or Vakra. Krama Ragas have a straight sequence of Swaras in both Arohana and Avarohana. Vakra Ragas have an irregular (zigzag) sequence of Swaras in either Arohana or Avarohana or both.

Arohana and Avarohana The Carnatic Notation of the Ascending and Descending Scale of the Raga are given here.

Swara Names Carnatic Swara names of the notes used in the Raga are provided here.

Varjya Swaras The names of the Notes which are not used in the Raga are specified here.


IX

Sruthi Bedham Ragas derived by Sruthi Bedham are listed here. Sruthi Bedham is a method of shifting the base “Shadjam” of a Raga to the next note and thus arriving at a new Raga. The technique is also called as Graha Bedham or Swara Bedham. In Western Music System this technique is referred as Modes of a scale. The technique relies on the simple mathematical relationship of notes in a scale. Let us take an example.

Let us take the scale of Dheera Shankarabharanam. Arohana : S0 R2 G2 M1 P0 D2 N2 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N2 D2 P0 M1 G2 R2 S0

If we make R2 as base, then resulting scale will be Arohana : S0 R2 G1 M1 P0 D2 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 D2 P0 M1 G1 R2 S0

This is Raga Kharahara Priya.

If we make G2 as base, the resulting scale will be Arohana : S0 R1 G1 M1 P0 D1 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 D1 P0 M1 G1 R1 S0

This is Raga Hanuma Thodi.

Like this we can shift “Shadjam” to different notes in the Raga and see if we can arrive at new Ragas. There may be a question on how we arrived on the above scales by shifting the “Shadjam”. A graphical presentation can clear the doubt.

X


Let us represent the Raga Dheera Shankarabharanam on a Keyboard. Since Avarohana of this Raga is symmetrical to Arohana, let us just take the Arohana.

If we want to make R2 which is the second note in the Raga as base, just make number 2 as 1, number 3 will become 2, number 4 will become 3 and so on till the end. This will produce

This is a new scale no doubt because the Intervals are different now. But the first key starts at a different pitch now which is different from the position we used to start. We have to now transpose the scale back to derive the Notation of a new scale. That is, the first key becomes two keys in forward. To bring back we have to shift all keys down by two keys. By doing this, we will not be changing the Raga or Intervals. We are just bringing this to a convenient position.


15

AMRITHA LAHARI

(Mela : 46, 47) Mela : 46-Shadvidhamargini Chakra : Vasu Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Shadava-Shadavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R1 G1 M2 P0 D2 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 D2 P0 M2 G1 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Sadharana Gandharam-Prathi Madhyamam-Panchamam -Chathusruthi Dhaivatham] (Varjya Swara : Nishadam)

2 3 4 1 5 6 7 6 5 4 7 3 2 1

&=òR==ÒR==ÓS==ÕU==öV==÷W==ùY==! &=ùY==÷W==öV==ÕU==ÓS==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C C# D# F# G A >C Descending: >C A G F# D# C# C Intervals : 1 2 3 1 2 3 | 3 2 1 3 2 1 (Semitones) Scale : [Hexatonic] Messiaen Truncated Mode 2 Synonyms : Chandra Jyothi Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Amritha Lahari M :Amritha Lahari

24


ARABHI

(Mela : 29) Mela : 29-Dheera Shankarabharanam Chakra : Mara Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Audava-Sampurnam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R2 M1 P0 D2 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N2 D2 P0 M1 G2 R2 S0 [Shadjam-Chathusruthi Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam -Panchamam-Chathusruthi Dhaivatham-Kakali Nishadam]

1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

&=òR==óS==õU==öV==÷W==ùY==========! &=ùY==øX==÷W==öV==õU==ôT==óS==òR==. Ascending : C D F G A >C Descending: >C B A G F E D C Intervals : 2 3 2 2 3 | 1 2 2 2 1 2 2

(Semitones)

Synonyms : Dheva Gandhari, Gauda Malhar Hindustani Equivalent : Asa [Thaat : Bilawal] [Shadj-Suddh Rishabh-Suddh Gandhar-Suddh Madhyam-Pancham-Suddh Dhaivat-Suddh Nishad]

43


BASANT [H]

(Mela : 51) Mela : 51-Kama Vardhani Chakra : Brahma Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Shadava-Sampurnam-Upanga-Vakra Arohana : S0 G2 M2 D1 >R1 >S0 N2 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N2 D1 P0 M2 G2 M2 G2 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Prathi Madhyamam-Panchamam -Suddha Dhaivatham-Kakali Nishadam]

3 4 5 1 2 7 6 8 7 9 5 3 A 6 4 2 1 8

&=òR==ôT==ÕU==ÖV==ÙY==ùY==øX==ùY==========! &=ùY==øX==ÖV==öV==ÕU==ôT==ÕU==ôT==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C E F# G# >C# >C B >C Descending: >C B G# G F# E F# E C# C Intervals : 4 2 2 5 -1 -1 1 : 1 3 1 1 2 -2 2 3 1

(Semitones)

Hindustani Equivalent : Basant [Thaat : Purvi] [Shadj-Komal Rishabh-Suddh Gandhar-Teevra Madhyam-Pancham-Komal Dhaivat-Suddh Nishad]


63

BHUPALAM

(Mela : 07, 08, 09, 43, 44 ) Mela : 08-Hanuma Thodi (Mela : 45 ) Chakra : Nethra Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Audava-Audavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R1 G1 P0 D1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 D1 P0 G1 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Sadharana Gandharam-Panchamam -Suddha Dhaivatham] (Varjya Swaras : Madhyamam and Nishadam)

2 3 5 1 4 6 5 4 2 6 3 1

&=òR==ÒR==ÓS==öV==ÖV==ùY==!=ùY==ÖV==öV==ÓS==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C C# D# G G# >C Descending: >C G# G D# C# C Intervals : 1 2 4 1 4 | 4 1 4 2 1 (Semitones) Scale : [Pentatonic] Balinese, Pelog 1, Tezeta Minor Hindustani Equivalent : Bhupali Todi [Thaat : Bhairavi] [Shadj-Komal Rishabh-Komal Gandhar-Pancham-Komal Dhaivat]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Bhupalam R :Skanda Manorama G :Nila D :Gambhira Nattai

64


BHUPALAM

(Mela : 13, 14, 15, 49, 50 ) Mela : 15-Maya Malava Goula (Mela : 51 ) Chakra : Agni Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Audava-Audavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R1 G2 P0 D1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 D1 P0 G2 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Panchamam-Suddha Dhaivatham] (Varjya Swaras : Madhyamam and Nishadam)

2 5 1 3 4 6 5 2 6 4 3 1

&=òR==ÒR==ôT==öV==ÖV==ùY==!=ùY==ÖV==öV==ôT==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C C# E G G# >C Descending: >C G# G E C# C Intervals : 1 3 3 1 4 | 4 1 3 3 1 Scale : [Pentatonic]

(Semitones)

Synonyms : Bhibhasu, Gaula Revagupti, Jagasu, Kalyana Kesari, : Puranirmai [Pann], Revagupti Hindustani Equivalent : Bibhas [Thaat : Bhairav] [Shadj-Komal Rishabh-Suddh Gandhar-Pancham-Komal Dhaivat]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Bhupalam D :Tharavam

74


CHAKRAVAKAM

(Mela : 16) Mela : 16-Chakravakam Chakra : Agni Chakram Raga Type : Janaka-Sampurna-Sampurnam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R1 G2 M1 P0 D2 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 D2 P0 M1 G2 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam-Panchamam -Chathusruthi Dhaivatham-Kaisiki Nishadam]

2 7 1 3 4 5 6 8 7 2 8 6 5 4 3 1

&=òR==ÒR==ôT==õU==öV==÷W==×W==ùY==!=ùY==×W==÷W==öV==õU==ôT==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C C# E F G A A# >C Descending: >C A# A G F E C# C Intervals : 1 3 1 2 2 1 2 | 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 (Semitones) Scale : [Heptatonic] Harmonic Minor Inverse Synonyms : Abhayam, Chakra Vaka, Kunthala, Thoya Vega Vahini Hindustani Equivalent : Ahir Bhairav [Thaat : Bhairav] [Shadj-Komal Rishabh-Suddh Gandhar-Suddh Madhyam-Pancham-Suddh Dhaivat-Komal Nishad]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Chakravakam M :Sarasangi N :Dharmavathi


123

DHEERA SHANKARABHARANAM

(Mela : 29) Mela : 29-Dheera Shankarabharanam Chakra : Mara Chakram Raga Type : Janaka-Sampurna-Sampurnam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R2 G2 M1 P0 D2 N2 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N2 D2 P0 M1 G2 R2 S0 [Shadjam-Chathusruthi Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam -Panchamam-Chathusruthi Dhaivatham-Kakali Nishadam]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

&=òR==óS==ôT==õU==öV==÷W==øX==ùY==!=ùY==øX==÷W==öV==õU==ôT==óS==òR==. Ascending : C D E F G A B >C Descending: >C B A G F E D C Intervals : 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 | 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 (Semitones) Scale : [Heptatonic] Ghana Heptatonic, Greek Lydian, : Hypolydian, Ionian, Major, Peruvian Major, Xin Synonyms : Arumpalai, Paalai Yazh, Pazham Panchuram [Pann], : Shankarabharanam Hindustani Equivalent : Bilawal Thaat, Bilawal, Mevada, Suddha Bilawal [Shadj-Suddh Rishabh-Suddh Gandhar-Suddh Madhyam-Pancham-Suddh Dhaivat-Suddh Nishad]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Dheera Shankarabharanam R :Kharahara Priya G :Hanuma Thodi M :Mecha Kalyani P :Hari Kambhoji D :Nata Bhairavi


165

GAYAKA RANJANI

(Mela : 28, 29) Mela : 29-Dheera Shankarabharanam Chakra : Mara Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Shadava-Shadavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R2 G2 M1 P0 D2 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 D2 P0 M1 G2 R2 S0 [Shadjam-Chathusruthi Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam -Panchamam-Chathusruthi Dhaivatham] (Varjya Swara : Nishadam)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

&=òR==óS==ôT==õU==öV==÷W==ùY==! &=ùY==÷W==öV==õU==ôT==óS==òR==. Ascending : C D E F G A >C Descending: >C A G F E D C Intervals : 2 2 1 2 2 3 | 3 2 2 1 2 2 (Semitones) Scale : [Hexatonic] Arezzo Major Diatonic Hexachord, : Scottish Hexatonic Synonyms : Dhaivatha Chandrika, Dhombi, Purna Kambhoji Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Gayaka Ranjani R :Pushpa Lathika G :Suddha Thodi M :Kokilam P :Padmini D :Gopika Vasantham

212


HINDOLA GAMINI

(Mela : 10, 22) Mela : 22-Kharahara Priya Chakra : Veda Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Audava-Audavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 G1 M1 D2 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 D2 M1 G1 S0 [Shadjam-Sadharana Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam-Chathusruthi Dhaivatham -Kaisiki Nishadam] (Varjya Swaras : Rishabam and Panchamam)

2 5 1 3 4 6 5 2 6 4 3 1

&=òR==ÓS==õU==÷W==×W==ùY==!=ùY==×W==÷W==õU==ÓS==òR==. Ascending : C D# F A A# >C Descending: >C A# A F D# C Intervals : 3 2 4 1 2 | 2 1 4 2 3 Scale : [Pentatonic]

(Semitones)

Synonyms : Chandra Kauns, Madhura Dhwani, Murthi, Sardhalangi, : Varam Hindustani Equivalent : Audav Bageshree, Chandra Kauns [Thaat : Kafi] [Shadj-Komal Gandhar-Suddh Madhyam-Suddh Dhaivat-Komal Nishad]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Hindola Gamini D :Parameshti


215

HINDOLAM

(Mela : 08, 20) Mela : 08-Hanuma Thodi Chakra : Nethra Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Audava-Audavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 G1 M1 D1 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 D1 M1 G1 S0 [Shadjam-Sadharana Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam-Suddha Dhaivatham -Kaisiki Nishadam] (Varjya Swaras : Rishabam and Panchamam)

2 4 5 1 3 6 5 3 2 6 4 1

&=òR==ÓS==õU==ÖV==×W==ùY==!=ùY==×W==ÖV==õU==ÓS==òR==. Ascending : C D# F G# A# >C Descending: >C A# G# F D# C Intervals : 3 2 3 2 2 | 2 2 3 2 3 (Semitones) Scale : [Pentatonic] Jiao, Man Gong, Quan Ming, Yi Ze Synonyms : Adbhodam, Ramya Mukhi Hindustani Equivalent : Malakosh, Malkauns [Thaat : Bhairavi] [Shadj-Komal Gandhar-Suddh Madhyam-Komal Dhaivat-Komal Nishad]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Hindolam G :Suddha Saveri M :Suddha Dhanyasi D :Mohanam N :Madhyamavathi

277


KANAKANGI

(Mela : 01) Mela : 01-Kanakangi Chakra : Indhu Chakram Raga Type : Janaka-Sampurna-Sampurnam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R1 G3 M1 P0 D1 N3 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N3 D1 P0 M1 G3 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Suddha Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam-Panchamam -Suddha Dhaivatham-Suddha Nishadam]

2 6 1 3 4 5 7 8 7 3 8 6 5 4 2 1

&=òR==ÒR==óS==õU==öV==ÖV==÷W==ùY==! &=ùY==÷W==ÖV==öV==õU==óS==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C C# D F G G# A >C Descending: >C A G# G F D C# C Intervals : 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 | 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 Scale : [Heptatonic] Chromatic Dorian

(Semitones)

Synonyms : Suddha Mukari Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Kanakangi R :Kama Vardhani


343

LOKA PRIYA

(Mela : 13) Mela : 13-Gayaka Priya Chakra : Agni Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Shadava-Shadavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R1 G2 M1 D1 N3 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N3 D1 M1 G2 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam -Suddha Dhaivatham-Suddha Nishadam] (Varjya Swara : Panchamam)

2 5 1 3 4 6 7 6 3 7 5 4 2 1

&=òR==ÒR==ôT==õU==ÖV==÷W==ùY==! &=ùY==÷W==ÖV==õU==ôT==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C C# E F G# A >C Descending: >C A G# F E C# C Intervals : 1 3 1 3 1 3 | 3 1 3 1 3 1 (Semitones) Scale : [Hexatonic] Half-Augmented, Messiaen Truncated Mode 3 Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Loka Priya R :Dhevamani G :Loka Priya M :Dhevamani D :Loka Priya N :Dhevamani

352


MADHYAMAVATHI

(Mela : 20, 22, 26, 28) Mela : 22-Kharahara Priya Chakra : Veda Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Audava-Audavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R2 M1 P0 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 P0 M1 R2 S0 [Shadjam-Chathusruthi Rishabam-Suddha Madhyamam-Panchamam -Kaisiki Nishadam] (Varjya Swaras : Gandharam and Dhaivatham)

5 1 2 3 4 6 2 6 5 4 3 1

&=òR==óS==õU==öV==×W==ùY==!=ùY==×W==öV==õU==óS==òR==. Ascending : C D F G A# >C Descending: >C A# G F D C Intervals : 2 3 2 3 2 | 2 3 2 3 2 (Semitones) Scale : [Pentatonic] Egyptian, Jin Yu, Qing Yu, Rui Bin, : Shang, Suspended Pentatonic, Yo Synonyms : Chenthurutti [Pann], Nirmalangi Hindustani Equivalent : Madhumad Sarang, Megh [Thaat : Kafi] [Shadj-Suddh Rishabh-Suddh Madhyam-Pancham-Komal Nishad]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Madhyamavathi R :Hindolam M :Suddha Saveri P :Suddha Dhanyasi N :Mohanam

366


MANDHARI

(Mela : 51, 53, 54) Mela : 51-Kama Vardhani Chakra : Brahma Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Shadava-Shadavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R1 G2 M2 P0 N2 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N2 P0 M2 G2 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Prathi Madhyamam-Panchamam -Kakali Nishadam] (Varjya Swara : Dhaivatham)

2 4 1 3 5 6 7 6 4 7 5 3 2 1

&=òR==ÒR==ôT==ÕU==öV==øX==ùY==! &=ùY==øX==öV==ÕU==ôT==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C C# E F# G B >C Descending: >C B G F# E C# C Intervals : 1 3 2 1 4 1 | 1 4 1 2 3 1 Scale : [Hexatonic] Theoretical

(Semitones)

Synonyms : Gamaka Kriya, Omkara Ghoshini Hindustani Equivalent : Koumari [Thaat : Purvi] [Shadj-Komal Rishabh-Suddh Gandhar-Teevra Madhyam-Pancham-Suddh Nishad]

438


NATA BHAIRAVI

(Mela : 20) Mela : 20-Nata Bhairavi Chakra : Veda Chakram Raga Type : Janaka-Sampurna-Sampurnam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R2 G1 M1 P0 D1 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 D1 P0 M1 G1 R2 S0 [Shadjam-Chathusruthi Rishabam-Sadharana Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam -Panchamam-Suddha Dhaivatham-Kaisiki Nishadam]

3 6 7 1 2 4 5 8 6 3 2 8 7 5 4 1

&=òR==óS==ÓS==õU==öV==ÖV==×W==ùY==!=ùY==×W==ÖV==öV==õU==ÓS==óS==òR==. Ascending : C D D# F G G# A# >C Descending: >C A# G# G F D# D C Intervals : 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 | 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 (Semitones) Scale : [Heptatonic] Aeolian, Chiao, Ezel, Greek Hyperphrygian, : Gregorian nr.2, Hypodorian, Natural Minor, Peruvian Minor Synonyms : Chevazhi Yazh, Kamala Tarangini, Manji, Padumalaipalai, : Suddha Desi Hindustani Equivalent : Asavari Thaat [Shadj-Suddh Rishabh-Komal Gandhar-Suddh Madhyam-Pancham-Komal Dhaivat-Komal Nishad]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Nata Bhairavi G :Dheera Shankarabharanam M :Kharahara Priya P :Hanuma Thodi D :Mecha Kalyani N :Hari Kambhoji

456


NILAMBARI [H]

(Mela : 22) Mela : 22-Kharahara Priya Chakra : Veda Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Audava-Sampurnam-Bhashanga-Vakra Arohana : S0 R2 M1 P0 D2 >S0 Avarohana : >R2 N1 D2 P0 M1 G2 G1 R2
1 2 3 4 5 6 D C 7 2 B 9 A 8 6 5 4 3 1 E

&=òR==óS==õU==öV==÷W==ùY==================================! &=úZ==×W==÷W==öV==õU==ôT==ÓS==óS==ñQ==òR==ðP==ÐP==ÓS==óS==. Ascending : C D F G A >C Descending: >D A# A G F E D# D
498


PUSHPA LATHIKA

(Mela : 20, 22) Mela : 22-Kharahara Priya Chakra : Veda Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Shadava-Shadavam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R2 G1 M1 P0 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 P0 M1 G1 R2 S0 [Shadjam-Chathusruthi Rishabam-Sadharana Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam -Panchamam-Kaisiki Nishadam] (Varjya Swara : Dhaivatham)

3 6 1 2 4 5 7 5 2 7 6 4 3 1

&=òR==óS==ÓS==õU==öV==×W==ùY==!=ùY==×W==öV==õU==ÓS==óS==òR==. Ascending : C D D# F G A# >C Descending: >C A# G F D# D C Intervals : 2 1 2 2 3 2 | 2 3 2 2 1 2 (Semitones) Scale : [Hexatonic] Eskimo Hexatonic 1, Minor Hexatonic, : Yo Synonyms : Purna Shadjam, Pushpa Latha Hindustani Equivalent : Palasi [Thaat : Kafi] [Shadj-Suddh Rishabh-Komal Gandhar-Suddh Madhyam-Pancham-Komal Nishad]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Pushpa Lathika R :Suddha Thodi G :Kokilam M :Padmini P :Gopika Vasantham N :Gayaka Ranjani

656


VAGADEESWARI

(Mela : 34) Mela : 34-Vagadeeswari Chakra : Ruthu Chakram Raga Type : Janaka-Sampurna-Sampurnam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R3 G2 M1 P0 D2 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 D2 P0 M1 G2 R3 S0 [Shadjam-Shatshruthi Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam -Panchamam-Chathusruthi Dhaivatham-Kaisiki Nishadam]

2 7 1 3 4 5 6 8 7 2 8 6 5 4 3 1

&=òR==ÓS==ôT==õU==öV==÷W==×W==ùY==! &=ùY==×W==÷W==öV==õU==ôT==ÓS==òR==. Ascending : C D# E F G A A# >C Descending: >C A# A G F E D# C Intervals : 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 | 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 Scale : [Heptatonic] Rock 'n Roll

(Semitones)

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Vagadeeswari M :Naga Nandhini D :Bhava Priya


657

VAKULA BHARANAM

(Mela : 14) Mela : 14-Vakula Bharanam Chakra : Agni Chakram Raga Type : Janaka-Sampurna-Sampurnam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 R1 G2 M1 P0 D1 N1 >S0 Avarohana : >S0 N1 D1 P0 M1 G2 R1 S0 [Shadjam-Suddha Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Suddha Madhyamam-Panchamam -Suddha Dhaivatham-Kaisiki Nishadam]

2 6 7 1 3 4 5 8 7 3 2 8 6 5 4 1

&=òR==ÒR==ôT==õU==öV==ÖV==×W==ùY==!=ùY==×W==ÖV==öV==õU==ôT==ÒR==òR==. Ascending : C C# E F G G# A# >C Descending: >C A# G# G F E C# C Intervals : 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 | 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 (Semitones) Scale : [Heptatonic] Dorico Flamenco, Harmonic Major Inverse, : Hitzaz, Jewish Major, Phrygian Dominant, Spanish Folk Hindustani Equivalent : Basant Mukhari [Shadj-Komal Rishabh-Suddh Gandhar-Suddh Madhyam-Pancham-Komal Dhaivat-Komal Nishad]

Sruthi Bedham [Moorchanas] [Modes] S :Vakula Bharanam R :Kosalam M :Keeravani N :Hemavathi

699


YAMAN [H]

(Mela : 65) Mela : 65-Mecha Kalyani Chakra : Rudra Chakram Raga Type : Janya-Shadava-Sampurnam-Upanga-Krama Arohana : S0 Avarohana : >S0 N2 D2 P0 M2 G2 R2 S0 [Shadjam-Chathusruthi Rishabam-Anthara Gandharam-Prathi Madhyamam -Panchamam-Chathusruthi Dhaivatham-Kakali Nishadam]

4 1 2 3 5 6 7 5 8 7 6 4 3 2 1

&=ñQ==óS==ôT==ÕU==÷W==øX==ùY======! &=ùY==øX==÷W==öV==ÕU==ôT==óS==òR==. Ascending : C Descending: >C B A G F# E D C Intervals : 3 2 2 3 2 1 | 1 2 2 1 2 2 2

(Semitones)

Hindustani Equivalent : Yaman [Thaat : Kalyan] [Shadj-Suddh Rishabh-Suddh Gandhar-Teevra Madhyam-Pancham-Suddh Dhaivat-Suddh Nishad]

706


Hexatonic Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Nepala Gaula [Lalitha] Niranjani [Kokilam] Omkara Ghoshini [Mandhari] Padmavali Padmini Palasi [H] Parameshti [Guru Priya] Pavini [Sindhu Ramakriya] Prabhavati [H] Praharana Kalitha [Kokilam] Purna Kambhoji [Gayaka Ranjani] Purna Panchamam Purna Shadjam [Pushpa Lathika] Pushpa Latha [Pushpa Lathika] Pushpa Lathika Ratna Kanthi Ravi Chandrika Sampradhaya Thodi [Suddha Thodi] Sandharsini [Hamsa Vinodhini] Shekara Chandrika [Nama Prabha] Shiva Priya [Bhavani] Shubhali [Nama Prabha]

337 320 366 465 466 498 184 592 465 320 165 491 498 498 498 521 523 619 199 429 57 429

Sindhu Ramakriya Sri Ranjani Suddha Bageshri [H] Suddha Gamaka Kriya [Kamalaptha Priya] Suddha Kalyani [Kokilam] Suddha Kriya [Purna Panchamam] Suddha Lalitha [Lalitha] Suddha Seemanthini Suddha Thodi Sura Nandhini [Kokilam] Swarnambari [Lalitha] Tharalam Thodi [Suddha Thodi] Urmika Varavarnani [Ravi Chandrika] Vasantha Bhairavi Vasantha Manohari [Ghantana] Vasantha Sri Vijaya Nagari Vijaya Sri Vinoddhini [Lalitha]

592 597 597 268 320 491 338 617 619 320 338 644 619 652 523 671 171 675 689 692 337

Pentatonic Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Abhogi Abhogi [H] Abhogi Kanada [H] Adbhodam [Hindolam] Amritha Varshini Amritha Varshini [H] Ananda Valli Aruna Chandrika [Gambhira Nattai] Audav Bageshree [H] Bairagi Bhairav [H] Bhaskaran [Rukmangi] Bhibhasu [Bhupalam] Bhinna Shadja [H]

4 4 4 215 17 17 21 142 212 528 536 64 300

Bhup [H] Bhupalam Bhupalam Bhupali [H] Bhupali Todi [H] Bibhas [H] Chandra Chandra Kauns [H] Chandra Kauns [H] Chandra Kauns [Hindola Gamini] Chandra Prabha [H] Chandrika [Chandra] Chandrika Thodi

400 63 64 400 63 64 77 77 212 212 485 77 82

711


Nishadantya Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Chenchurutti Chenchurutti Chikamaram [Pann] [Nadanama Kriya] Chitta Ranjini Chitta Ranjini Chitta Ranjini Dheva Kriya Janjhuti Mahuri Nadanama Kriya

93 94 413 99 100 101 129 231 353 413

Naga Gandhari Naga Varali Punnaga Thodi Punnaga Varali Saindhavi Saindhavi Sruthi Ranjani Vasantha Varali Vasantha Varali Vasantha Varali

419 424 486 487 543 545 601 677 678 679

Dhaivatantya Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Karnataka Dhevagandhari Kuranji Kuranji Naga Varali

289 331 332 425

Purna Panchamam Suddha Samantham Suddha Samantham

490 613 614

Panchamantya Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Kantharam [Pann] [Navaroj] Kolli [Pann] [Navaroj] Kolli Kauvanam [Pann] [Navaroj] Navaroj

450 450 450 450

Piyanthai Kantharam [Pann] [Navaroj] 4 5 0 Saindhavi 544 Veda Ghosha Priya 681

Svarantara Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Kantharam [Pann] [Navaroj] Kolli [Pann] [Navaroj] Kolli Kauvanam [Pann] [Navaroj] Navaroj

450 450 450 450

Piyanthai Kantharam [Pann] [Navaroj] 4 5 0 Saindhavi 544 Veda Ghosha Priya 681

Page

714


Moorchanakaraka Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Mathanga Gamini [Manohari] Maya Malava Goula Mecha Kalyani Merchempalai [Mecha Kalyani] Mohana [Mohanam] Mohanam Murthi [Hindola Gamini] Nadanama Kriya [Maya Malava Goula] Naga Chandrika Naga Choodamani [Naga Chandrika] Naga Nandhini Naga Svaravali Naga Valli [Guha Manohari] Nasamani [Nasika Bhushani] Nasika Bhushani Nata Bhairavi Nataka Priya Natika [Guha Manohari] Natta Padai [Pann] [Gambhira Nattai] Natta Ragam [Pann] [Kama Vardhani] Natta Ragam [Subha Panthuvarali] Nayaki [Kharahara Priya] Neeli Neethimathi Nepala Gaula [Lalitha] Nila Niranjani [Kokilam] Nirmalangi [Madhyamavathi] Paalai Yazh [Dheera Shankarabharanam] Padmini Padumalaipalai [Nata Bhairavi] Panthuvarali [Kama Vardhani] Paraju [Maya Malava Goula] Parameshti Parithi [Revathi] Pavini [Sindhu Ramakriya] Pazham Panchuram [Pann] [Dheera Shankarabharanam]

376 390 393 393 400 400 212 390 416 416 422 423 179 436 436 438 445 179 142 265 603 310 453 454 337 455 320 352

Pazhan Thakka Ragam [Pann] [Suddha Saveri] Prabhu Priya [Chandrika Thodi] Praharana Kalitha [Kokilam] Priya Dharshini Pulindika [Guha Manohari] Puranirmai [Pann] [Bhupalam] Purna Kambhoji [Gayaka Ranjani] Purna Panchamam Purna Shadjam [Pushpa Lathika] Pushpa Latha [Pushpa Lathika] Pushpa Lathika Pushpa Vasantham [Rathnangi] Raga Vardhani Rama Kriya [Raga Vardhani] Ramya Mukhi [Hindolam] Rasamanjari [Rasika Priya] Rasika Priya Rathi Priya [Rishaba Priya] Rathnangi Ratipati Priya Ratna Kanthi Ravi Chandrika Revagupti [Bhupalam] Revathi Rishaba Priya Rukmangi Sadari [Pann] [Kama Vardhani] Saindhavi [Kharahara Priya] Samanta [Naga Nandhini] Sampradhaya Thodi [Suddha Thodi] Samudra Priya Sandharsini [Hamsa Vinodhini] Sarasangi Sardhalangi [Hindola Gamini] Saurashtram [Maya Malava Goula] Seemantini [Simhendra Madhyamam] Senavathi Sesha Nadham [Simhendra Madhyamam]

123 466 438 265 390 470 528 592 123

Page

616 82 320 485 179 64 165 491 498 498 498 518 503 503 215 516 516 530 518 519 521 523 64 528 530 536 265 310 422 619 550 199 557 212 390 588 570 588

717


Kathakali Ragas Kathakali Raga

Carnatic Raga

Page

Ahiri

Ahiri Ahiri Ahiri Ananda Bhairavi Ananda Bhairavi Arabhi Asaveri Asaveri Asaveri Atana Atana Atana Atana Atana Bhairavi Bhupalam Bhupalam Chenchurutti Chenchurutti Desakshi Desakshi Dheva Gandhari Dheva Gandhari Dheva Gandhari Dvijavanti Dvijavanti Yadhukula Kambhoji Gauli Panthu Gauli Panthu Gopika Vasantham Gopika Vasantham Gopika Vasantham Gopika Vasantham Hindolam Hindolam Kambhoji Nata Kurinji Hindustani Kapi Hindustani Kapi Kedara Gaula

9 10 11 19 20 24 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 50 63 64 93 94 109 110 125 126 127 139 140 697 158 159 174 175 176 177 215 216 269 442 217 218 302

Ananda Bhairavi Arabhi Asaveri

Atana

Bhairavi Bhupalam Chenchurutti Desakshi Dheva Gandhari

Dvijavanti Erikkila Kamodari Gauli Panthu Gopika Vasantham

Indalam KalyaniKamodari Kanakkurinji Kapi Kedaragauda

720


Western Scales Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Aeolian Akebono I Akebono II Ambassel Anhemitonic Hexatonic Arezzo Major Diatonic Hexachord Augmented Balinese Bartok Blues Pentatonic Minor Byzantine Chiao Chinese Ching Chromatic Dorian Chromatic Dorian Inverse Chromatic Hypolydian Chromatic Lydian Inverse Damian Emmanuel Dorian Dorian bII Dorian Pentatonic Dorian Sharp 4 Dorico Flamenco Double Harmonic Major Double Harmonic Minor Egyptian Eskimo Heptatonic Eskimo Hexatonic 1 Ethiopian Ezel Genus Secundum Genus Tertium Ghana Heptatonic Gnossiennes Gong Greek Dorian Greek Hyperphrygian Greek Hypolydian Greek Hypophrygian

438 631 294 294 178 165 132 63 654 609 390 438 17 201 277 75 265 603 576 310 445 631 209 657 390 588 352 310 498 557 438 416 132 123 209 400 200 438 393 201

Greek Ionian Greek Lydian Greek Phrygian Gregorian nr.2 Gregorian nr.3 Gregorian nr.7 Gu Gu Xian Gypsy Hexatonic Half-Augmented Han-Iwato Han-Iwato Hard Japan Descending Harmonic Major 1 Harmonic Major Inverse Harmonic Minor Harmonic Minor Inverse Hawaiian Hindolita Hitzaz Hitzazkiar Hon-kumoi-joshi Houzam Hungarian Folk Hungarian Gypsy Hungarian Major Hungarian Minor Hyojo Hypoaeolian Hypodorian Hypoionian Hypolydian Hypomixolydian Ionian Ionian Pentatonic Japanese Javanese Jazz Minor Jazz Minor Inverse Jewish Major

201 123 310 438 200 201 393 609 164 343 528 688 609 557 657 304 74 161 300 657 390 294 624 390 576 436 588 310 200 438 201 123 310 123 142 294 445 161 445 657

723


10 Thaats of Hindustani Music Thaat Name

Melakartha Raga

Page

01-Kalyan Thaat 02-Bilawal Thaat 03-Khamaj Thaat 04-Bhairav Thaat 05-Purvi Thaat 06-Marwa Thaat 07-Kafi Thaat 08-Asavari Thaat 09-Bhairavi Thaat 10-Todi Thaat

65-Mecha Kalyani 29-Dheera Shankarabharanam 28-Hari Kambhoji 15-Maya Malava Goula 51-Kama Vardhani 53-Gamanasrama 22-Kharahara Priya 20-Nata Bhairavi 08-Hanuma Thodi 45-Subha Panthuvarali

393 123 201 390 265 141 310 438 200 603

Hindustani Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Abheri Abhogi Abhogi Kanada Adana Adi Bhairavi Ahir Bhairav Ahir Bhairav Ahiri Amba Manohari Amritha Varshini Anand Bhairav Anand Leela Asa Asavari Audav Bageshree Bageshri Bairagi Bhairav Basant Basant Mukhari Bhairav Bhairavi Bhavani Bhimpalasi Bhimpalasi

1 4 4 5 6 8 74 445 675 17 18 134 24 403 212 597 528 43 657 390 200 55 290 473

Bhinna Shadja Bhup Bhup Kalyan Bhupali Bhupali Todi Bibhas Bihag Bilawal Chandra Kauns Chandra Kauns Chandra Prabha Chandrakant Charukesi Chaya Nat Chaya Todi Chitta Mohini Darbari Kanada Deepak Desh Desh Gaud Dhana Shri Dhanya Dhaivat Durga Durga

300 400 399 400 63 64 69 123 77 212 485 694 83 88 470 595 104 108 111 112 473 665 455 616

727


Carnatic Ragas Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Bilahari Bindu Malini Brindavana Saranga Brindavana Saranga Chakra Vaka [Chakravakam] Chakravakam Chalanatta [Nattai] Chalanattai Chamaram Chamaram [Shanmukha Priya] Chandra Chandra Chuda [Naga Chandrika] Chandra Hasitha [Ravi Chandrika] Chandra Jyothi Chandra Jyothi [Amritha Lahari] Chandra Kantham [Mecha Kalyani] Chandra Kauns [Hindola Gamini] Chandra Rekha Chandra Rekha Chandra Rekha [Hemavathi] Chandrika Chandrika [Chandra] Chandrika Thodi Charukesi Chathurangini Chathurangini Chaya Gaula Chaya Gaula Chaya Nata Chaya Tarangini Chayavathi Chenchu Khamboji Chenchurutti Chenchurutti Cheta Gauri [Sindhu Ramakriya] Chinthamani Chinthamani Chinthamani Chitrambari Chitta Ranjini

70 71 72 73 74 74 446 75 76 576 77 416 523 78 15 393 212 79 80 209 81 77 82 83 84 85 86 87 89 90 91 92 93 94 592 95 96 97 98 99

Chitta Ranjini Chitta Ranjini Chitta Sena [Siddha Sena] Chudamani [Raga Chudamani] Dakka [Takka] Dakka [Takka] Darbar Darbar Darbar [Kharahara Priya] Darbari Kanada Daureyani Dautha Panchamam Dautha Panchamam Desakshi Desakshi Desakshi [Bilahari] Desh Deshi Simharavam [Hemavathi] Desi [Suddha Desi] Desya Gaula Desya Kamas [Jujahuli] Desya Kapi [Hindustani Kapi] Desya Thodi Dhaivatha Chandrika [Gayaka Ranjani] Dhali Varali [Varali] Dhana Kriyadhathu [Nilaveni] Dhana Shri Dhana Shri [Dhanyasi] Dhani [Suddha Dhanyasi] Dhanyasi Dhanyasi [Suddha Dhanyasi] Dharmavathi Dhathu Vardhani Dhavalambari Dhavalangam [Dhavalangi] Dhavalangi Dhaya Ranjini Dhayavathi Dheepakam Dheera Shankarabharanam

100 101 585 500 637 639 102 103 310 104 105 106 107 109 110 70 111 209 608 112 247 218 113 165 661 460 114 115 609 115 609 116 117 118 119 119 120 121 122 123

748


Master Index Raga

Page

Raga

Page

Mixolydian Hexatonic [W] Miyakobushi [W] Miyakobushi [W] Miyan Ki Todi [H] Miyan Malhar [H] Mohana [Mohanam] Mohana Kalyani Mohana Varithi [Padmavali] Mohanam Mukhari Mukhari Mukhari Mukhari Multani [H] Murthi [Hindola Gamini] Nabhomani Nabhomani Nada Brahmam Nada Chinthamani Nada Chinthamani Nada Chinthamani [Rithi Gaula] Nada Tarangini Nada Tarangini Nadanama Kriya Nadanama Kriya [Maya Malava Goula] Nadhanali [Gandharavam] Naga Bharanam Naga Bhushani Naga Chandrika Naga Choodamani [Naga Chandrika] Naga Dhwani Naga Dhwani Naga Gandhari Naga Gandhari Naga Gandhari Naga Nandhini Naga Svaravali Naga Valli [Guha Manohari] Naga Varali Naga Varali

466 528 688 105 398 400 399 465 400 401 402 403 404 405 212 406 407 408 409 410 532 411 412 413 390 150 414 415 416 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 179 424 425

Naga Varali Nalina Kanthi Nama Deshi [Nama Narayani] Nama Narayani Nama Prabha Nama Varali [Ganasama Varali] Naradha Mukhari [Kaumari] Narayana Desakshi Narayana Desakshi Narayana Desakshi [Suddha Desi] Narayana Gaula Narayani Narayani Nari Rithi Gaula [Rithi Gaula] Narthaki [Jana Sammodhini] Nasamani Nasamani [Nasika Bhushani] Nasika Bhushani Nat [H] Nat Bhairav [H] Nata [H] Nata Bhairavi Nata Bharanam Nata Bharanam Nata Bharanam [Niranjini] Nata Kuranji [H] Nata Kuranjika [H] Nata Kurinji Nata Narayani Nata Narayani [H] Nata Narayani [Shyama] Nataka Priya Natika [Guha Manohari] Natta [Nattai] Natta Padai [Pann] [Gambhira Nattai] Natta Ragam [Pann] [Kama Vardhani] Natta Ragam [Subha Panthuvarali] Nattai Natural Minor [W] Navaneetham

426 427 428 428 429 148 299 430 431 608 432 433 434 531 229 435 436 436 437 557 437 438 439 440 461 441 441 442 444 443 581 445 179 446 142 265 603 446 438 447

© Publishers 2008 Ragas in Indian Music V.K.Krishna Prasad

ISBN 81 85 381 97 6

Published by

CBH Publications 51/4, Sriganesh. North Amman Coil Street, Opp: Kamarajar Nagar, Vetturnimadom P.O., Nagercoil, 629003. S.India Tel: 91-4652-222813 Email: [email protected]

,9

Ragas in Hindu Music

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