CEM 2043
RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS Definition of railroad construction Characteristics of railroad construction History of railroad and its impact to industry Construction elements of railroad railroad Social, economical and energetic aspects Rail transport around the world Case study
TABLE OF CONTENTS Definition of railroad construction Characteristics of railroad construction History of railroad and its impact to industry Construction elements of railroad railroad Social, economical and energetic aspects Rail transport around the world Case study
DEFINITION OF RAILROAD Track: the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties, and ballast, plus the underlying subgrade. It is also known as permanent way.
Rail transport: a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rails. It is commonly referred to as train transport.
Rail vehicles are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Track usually consists of steel rails installed on ties (sleepers) and ballast.
Train: a connected series of rail vehicles that move along the track.
HISTORY OF RAILROAD & ITS IMPACT TO INDUSTRY Pre-steam
Steam
Electrification & Dieselisation
Modern (innovative)
Diolkos wagonway - 6 th century BC in Greece. Germany – 1350 AD
James Watt patented steam engines in 1769. Richard Trevithick demonstrated the first locomotive in 1804.
1902, the first conventional electrified railway with 106 km length in Italy
Intermodal, just-in-timeenvironmental impact, public safety
Horsecar in Brno, Czech Republic "Brno, Brno
Město,
historická koňská
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ommons/1/16/5051_Earl_Bathurst_Cockl ewood_Harbour.jpg
"Porters waiting to go inside the train" by Sakurai Midori - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Porters_waiting_to_go_inside_the_train.J
"Shinkansen type 0 Hikari 19890506a" by Cassiopeia sweet - Photo by Cassiopeia sweet..
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILROAD
Right of way
Electrification
Buildings
Telecommunication
Stations Construction Signalling Train Inspection Systems
Right of way
The first railway line in Indonesia started operations in 1867. The railways were gradually expanded by both state and private railways.
The Japanese occupation and the Indonesian War of Independence left Indonesia's railways in a poor condition. A batch of 100 steam locomotives were ordered in 1950, and in 1953 the first mainline diesel-electric locomotive was purchased from the US. Dieselisation continued apace, and by the 1980s most mainline services have been dieselised. Electric multiple units were also obtained from Japan beginning in the 1970s, replacing 60-year-old electric locomotives.
Since the independence era, all mainline railways in Indonesia have been managed by the government. The owners of the private railway were compensated first, but the system was fully nationalised in 1971. Construction of new railway lines has been few and far between, and most new construction is concentrated on double- and quadtracking of existing railway lines. Most of the former tramway lines have been closed, reducing the mileage from about 7000 km to only 3000 km.
WHAT IS RIGHT OF WAY OR TOTAL LAND REQUIREMENT?
A plot of land area belonging of the public estate and on which will be (or have been) constructed a road, a railway track, a waterway and their dependences.
Buildings BALAI YASA
a place that is used for the repair or maintenance of railway facilities which include a locomotive, carriage or wagon. Village hall serves to maintain the quality of railway facilities so that proper operation
OFFICES
venue of the railway administration, the locus of executive and so on. However, the office is not just a place to work, but rather as a means of service activities and the provision of information to the public
RUMAH DINAS
buildings for shelter owned by company that is occupied by an employee of the company
SIGNALLING HOUSE
buildings which are generally separate from the station that was created to help operate the system notes and signals. usually every station has two home signal
WATER TOWER
building that serves as a water storage and distributed through a water pipe for the benefit of the station, depot or
BALAI YASA TEGAL
BALAI YASA PADANG BALAI YASA SURABAYA BALAI YASA PENGOK BALAI YASA MANGGARAI
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wpcontent/uploads/2014/06/DSC_0012.jpg
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-
Stations DAOP 1
JAKARTA
DAOP 2
BANDUNG
DAOP 3
CIREBON
DAOP 4
SEMARANG
DAOP 5
PURWOKERTO
DAOP 6
YOGYAKARTA
DAOP 7
MADIUN
DAOP 8
SURABAYA
DAOP 9
JEMBER
DIVISI REGIONAL 1
SUMUT & ACEH
DIVISI REGIONAL 3
SUMSEL
Signalling Signalling equipment is a set of facilities that serve to provide cues such as color or shape that is placed at a certain place and gives a signal with a certain sense to regulate and control the operation of the railway. Siemens & Halske semi otomatis
Siemens & Halske manual
Persinyalan alkmaar
Telecommunication A set of facilities used for the delivery of information and / or communication in order to help the security, safety and smooth operation of the railway
Vehicles
Electrification
Kereta api listrik di Stasiun Bogor, Indonesia. Dari kiri ke kanan: KRL buatan Jepang (Nippon Sharyo) angkatan awal (1978-1984), KRL buatan Bombardier/Holec angkatan 1996, dan KRL dengan badan baja tahan karat buatan Jepang angkatan kedua (1986/1987)
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wpcontent/uploads/2014/03/Bon-Bon-Biru-BY-MRI.jpg
http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wpcontent/uploads/2014/06/CR72-ABR.jpg
Tunnels
Wilhelmina tunnel is the longest railway tunnel in Indonesia. This tunnel has a length of 1116 meters. Built by the railway company SS (Staats Spoorwegen) and was built in 1914 and put into use on January 1, 1921. However, this tunnel then becomes inactive as the closure of railway line Banjar - Cijulang (82 miles) on 3 February 1981 because the high cost of operation and at least revenue from railway passengers.
Bridges
Cibisoro Bridge, located at Cilame near Padalarang station
CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS OF RAILROAD A steel bar or continuous line of bars laid on the ground as one of a pair forming a railway track. It is one of the cross braces that support the rails on a railway track It forms the track bed upon which railway sleepers are laid
Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a single railway line
SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL & ENERGETIC ASPECTS ENERGY
Rail transport is an energy efficient but capital intensive.
Comparison in terms of cargo capacity Human – carry 1 tmi/day Horse – carry 4 tmi/day Horse cart on good pavement – carry 10 tmi/day Fully utility truck – carry 20,000 tmi/day Long haul train – carry 500,000 tmi/day
IN AVERAGE, TRAINS ARE 20x MORE EFFICIENT THAN AUTOMOBILES. Lisbon case study. An automobile consumption around 6 l/100 km gasoline, occupancy around 1.2 passengers/automobile. 1 litre of gasoline = 8.8 kWh. This is equating to an average of 441 Wh per passenger-km. Compare to a modern train with an average occupancy of 20% and a consumption of about 8.5 kWh/km. This equating to 21.5 Wh per passenger-km. 441/21.5 = 20x
Railway Safety
SHINKANSEN
RAIL TRANSPORT AROUND THE WORLD
The maximum operating speed is 320 km/h (200 mph) "Shinkansen0-N700" by Pagemoral - Co ntributor Pagemoral takes a photograph. Licensed under
"Shinkansen map 201503 en" by Hisagi - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons -
MAGLEV The Shanghai Maglev Train, also known as the Transrapid, is the fastest commercial train currently in operation and has a top speed of 430km/h.
"A maglev train coming out, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai" by User Alex Needham (own photography) on en.wikipedia - Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is (was) here. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons -
CASE STUDY Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI
