Science-Form 3-Chapter 2 Blood Circulation and Transport By Kelvin

Science Form 3 – 3 – Chapter Chapter 2

Notes Prepared by Kelvin

Form 3 – 3 – Chapter Chapter 2 – 2 – Blood Blood Circulation and Transport [Notes Completely] 2.1 Transport System of in Humans Body 1. A transport system of in a human body is called the circulatory system. 2. The human blood circulatory system consists of a) heart 心脏 – pump pump blood into all parts of the body. b) blood vessels vessels 血管 i) artery 动脉 – carry carry blood away from the heart to the body cells. ii) veins 静脉 – return return blood to the heart from the body cells. iii) capillaries – capillaries – fine fine blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. (located between artery and vein) c) varies of blood (F3 Chp 2.2) – 2.2) – plasma plasma 血浆, blood cells 血球 (red and white), platelet 血小板 and lymph 淋巴. 3. The function of the heart is to pump blood into all parts of the body through muscle contraction and relaxation. 4. The right side of the heart contains deoxygenated deox ygenated blood while the left side of the heart contains oxygenated blood.

5. The internal structure of the human heart.

6. The heart is made up of: a) Four chambers – chambers – right right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle. ventricle. b) Blood vessels: vessels: i) Vena cava (vein) – (vein) – returns returns blood to the heart ii) Pulmonary artery – artery – carries carries oxygenated blood iii) Pulmonary vein – vein – carries carries deoxygenated blood iv) Aorta (artery) - carry blood to all parts of the body cells c) Valves 瓣 – in in blood vessels to separates the atria (atrium) from the ventricles, prevent the blood back flow and ensure the blood flow in one direction.

i) Tricuspid valve 三尖瓣 - between right atrium and right ventricle ii) Semi-lunar valve 心瓣 – beginning beginning of pulmonary artery and aorta iii) Bicuspid valve 二尖瓣 - between - between left atrium and left left ventricle d) Septum – Septum – separate separate the right and left sides of heart. 7. The characteristic of the three types of blood vessels:

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Science Form 3 – 3 – Chapter Chapter 2 Characteristic


Artery

Vein

Capillaries

Small and narrow Thick, muscular and elastic Oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery) Carry blood away from the heart to the body cells.

Big and wide Thin, muscular and less elastic Deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein) Carry blood from the body cells towards towards the heart.

Very small and narrow Very thin, one cell thick (fine blood vessels) Oxygenated blood to cells and deoxygenated blood from cells

Cross-section Lumen Size Structure and thickness of wall Type of blood flow

Direction of Carry blood from artery blood flow to vein (Function) Speed of blood High Low Very Low pressure Rate of blood Fast Slow Very Slow flow Presence of No (except Yes No valve pulmonary pulmonary artery) 8. The right side of the blood circulation contains deoxygenated deoxygenated blood while the left side of the blood circulation contains oxygenated oxygenated blood . 9. The different of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood. (F3 Chp 1.2) Oxygenated blood Differences Deoxygenated blood Light red in colour Dark red in colour Contain more oxygen in the form of Contain less oxygen but more carbon dioxide oxyhaemoglobin oxyhaemoglobin and less carbon dioxide Found in large quantities in the blood leaving Found in the blood from all parts of the body the lungs. except the lungs Carried in all the vein except the pulmonary Carried in all the artery except the pulmonary vein. artery.

10. The pathway of human blood circulation. Note: Mind Map

Human Blood Circulatory System

Body Cell

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11. The pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. (double circulatory circulatory system) Pulmonary Circulation 肺部循环

Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Circulation 体部循环

Systemic Circulation

2.2 Human Blood 1. Human blood is made up of: Type of blood

Structures

Functions Type of blood

Structures

Functions

Body Cell

Plasma - Pale yellowish liquid

Platelets - Has no nucleus

- Consists of 90% of water and dissolved substances include nutrients, excretory products and hormones.

Transport

digested

food,

heat

- Irregular shape - Produced by bone marrow -Tiny pieces of cytoplasm - Small cell fragments - Help blood clotting

excretory products and hormones. Red Blood Cell White Blood Cell Blood Cell - (F1 Chp 2.3)

- 凹形 Biconcave shape. - Has only cell membrane and cytoplasm. cytoplasm. (Has (Ha s no nucleus) - Smaller than white blood cell - Produced by bone marrow Contain red (haemoglobin) to oxygen. (F3 Chp 1.2)

pigment transport

- Irregular shape -Colourless and has no nucleus

- Larger than red blood cell - Produced by bone marrow and lymph nodes. - Less than red blood cell

- Produces antibodies to kill (destroy) bacteria and fight infection.

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Blood Group 2. The four group of human group are A, B, AB and O. 3. If the donor`s blood and the recipient blood are not compatible, agglutination of blood cells will occur in the recipient`s body will fatal 致命 (die). 4. The compatibility between the blood group.

Recipient

O

Donor A B

AB

Blood Group

Can donate blood to

Can receive blood from

O A B AB 5. A person with blood group O can donate blood to all the people with blood group (A, B, AB and O) so, so , the person is universal donor. 6. A person with blood group AB can receive blood from all the people with blood group (A, B, AB and O) so, the person is universal recipient. 7. Other Knowledge: Donor Recipient O− O+ A− A+ B− B+ AB− AB− AB+ RH O− O+ A− A+ B− B+ AB− AB+ RH O A B AB

8. Review F1 (Chp 2.3) – 2.3) – F3 F3 (Chp 1.2) and (Chp 2.1) System Function Organs Inhales oxygen and exhales Nose, Respiratory carbon dioxide System trachea, lungs Transports oxygen, food Heart, vein, Blood and excretory products circulatory artery System Transports lymphatic Blood vessels Lymphatic fluid to the blood vessels System

Cell Red blood cell and haemoglobin Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet lymph 淋巴

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2.3 Transport System in Plant *Wilting 1. The plant needs water to _________ in an __________ position. 2. If plant looses too much water, it will ______ or die. 3. Plant wilt because the amount of water water _____ by the plant is at much ________ rate than the absorption from soil. 4. The plant cells cells will _____ their their turgidity and become _____ or ________. ________. 5. When water enters the cells of a plant, it exerts ________ against the cell walls. 6. The cells become ________ or _________ and provide p rovide strength to support plant. 7. KBAT: a) Why is the plant’s plant’s stem in no longer upright condition. Ans: _________________________________ __________________________________________________. _________________. b) Give a reason reason why plant will will wilt. Ans: __________________________________________ __________________________________________________. ________. *Transpiration 1. Transpiration is a process which plants ___ water by ________ through the _____. 2. Stomata are __________________________ on the leaves. 3. The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by the ___________ _ __________ cells. 4. Function of stomata: (a) allow water to diffuse during _____________. (b) allow the exchange of gases during ______________ and __________. 5. The stomata are open during the _____ for photosynthesis while close during the ________. 6. Queston: a) What is the function of stomata? -____________________________________. b) What What is the function function of guard guard cell? -__________ -_________________ _______________ _______________ __________. ___. 7. KBAT: a) Cactus has _______________________ to transpiration. b) The leaves leaves was was ___________ ___________ of the the branches.

8. The factors of the rate of transpiration: Factors Rate of transpiration Reason/Explanation Reason/Explanation Increase with _____ Light light intensity Increase with _____ Temperature temperature Increase with _____ Humidity humidity Increase on _____ Wind days *The location of xylem and phloem 1.The transport system of plant consists _____________ and _______________. 2. The xylem and phloem are found in the ______, __________ and ___________. 3. The xylem helps to __________ the plants.

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4. The xylem transport ________ and dissolved ______________ from _________ to other parts of plant. 5. The phloem transport ____ synthesised during ___________ that called ________ from ___________ to other parts of plant. 6. A ____________________ (stem) consists of xylem, phloem and cambium. 7. The __________ lies between between the xylem xylem and phloem. phloem. 8. The function of cambium is to ____________ the xylem xylem and phloem. phloem. 9. Function of xylem: -Immersed the root in a beaker of contain dilute red ink/blue ink after a few hours the vein of root and stem were ___________with __________ ink. Why? -This is because xylem is transport _________ and mineral salts. Question: sketch the stained and state the function.

10. Function of phloem: -Removed the ring of bark and after 2 weeks the stem became ___________.Why? -The swollen is has __________, it is because phloem is transport __________. Question: label the parts and state the function.

11. The location of xylem and phloem in the leaf, stem and root of monocotyledon plant and dicotyledon plant. Leaf Stem Root

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Science-Form 3-Chapter 2 Blood Circulation and Transport By Kelvin

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