First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Translating, Aswering Question
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 1. Personal Pronouns (Kata ganti Orang/benda)
Personal pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menggantikan orang atau sesuatu yang kita bicarakan. Personal pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris mencakup: Tunggal
Jamak
I (saya)
We (kami/kita)
You (kamu)
You (kalian)
He (dia laki-laki)
They (mereka)
She (dia perempuan) It (dia benda)
2. Kata kerja “to be”
Kata kerja ini merupakan kata kerja penghubung, yang menghubungkan sebuah subjek dan sesuatu yang terhubung dengan subjek tersebut. Bentuk present simple dari ―to be‖ adalah sebagai berikut: Tunggal
Jamak
I am
We are
You are
You are
He is
They are
She is It is
3. Kalimat Dasar Formula (Rumus) Kalimat Positif
= S + be (am/is/are) + adj (Kata Sifat / Profesi)
Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa SPO (Subjek Predikat Objek) – Objek) – yang yang berarti bahwa kalimat-kalimat tersusun atas subjek terlebih dahulu, lalu kata kerja, dan terakhir objek. Dengan menggunakan grammar di atas sekarang kita bisa membuat kalimat dasar dalam bahasa Inggris, misalnya:
I am a teacher (saya seorang guru)
She is happy (dia bahagia)
They are students (mereka adalah siswa)
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
Contoh penggunaan dalam dialog: (1)
a : Hi, Sylvia! How are you? b : I am fine, thanks. How are you? a : I am very well!
(2)
x : Hi, my name is Tyler. y : Nice to meet you, Tyler. My name is Sylvia. x : It is nice to meet you too. Sylvia.
(3)
v : Hi, Tyler! How are you? p : Oh, I am OK. How about you? v : I am great, thanks.
(4)
r : What is your name? s : My name is Tyler Saunders. What’s your name? r : My name is Sylvia. It is nice to meet you, Tyler. s : Nice to meet you too. Where are you from? r :I am from China. Kosa kata baru dalam dialog-dialog di atas:
I = saya you = kamu/anda name = nama meet = bertemu thank = terima kasih
what = apa where = dimana how = bagaimana China = Cina
Note:
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
KALIMAT TANYA DALAM SIMPLE PRESENT
1. Bentuk negatif Simple Present – kata kerja “to be”
Formula (Rumus) Kalimat Negatif
= S + be (am/is/are) + not + adj (kata sifat / profesi)
Kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan bentuk simple present yang menggunakan kata kerja ―to be‖ terbentuk secara berbeda dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan lain. Untuk membuat kalimat negatif kita cukup menambahkan ―not‖ sebelum kata kerja ―to be‖. - Kalimat: You are a doctor - Negatif: Your are not a doctor - Kalimat: They are cats - Negatif: They are not cats Berikut adalah bentuk negatif dari kata kerja ―to be‖ dalam bentuk Simple Present (bentuk sekarang sederhana): Tunggal
Jamak
I am not
We are not
You are not
You are not
He is not
They are not
She is not It is not 2. Pertanyaan Simple Present
Untuk membuat pertanyaan kita cukup membalik posisi subjek dan ―to be‖. Kalimat Tanya / Introgatif
= be (am/is/are) + S + adj (kata sifat / profesi) + ?
- Kalimat: You are a doctor - Pertanyaan: Are you a doctor? - Kalimat: They are cats - Pertanyaan: Are they cats? ―To be‖ sebagai pertanyaan dalam bentuk Simple Present adalah sebagai berikut: Tunggal
Jamak
Am I (a teacher) ?
Are we …?
Are you …?
Are you …?
Is he …?
Are they …?
Is she …?
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
Is it …?
3. Jawaban-jawaban singkat
Kita bisa menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini dengan jawaban singkat menggunakan kata kerja ―to be‖. Sebagai contoh: - Are you a teacher? - Yes, I am / No, I am not - Is he a Student? - Yes, he is. / No, he is not. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa dalam bahasa Inggris lisan kita biasanya menggunakan singkatan (contraction) untuk bentuk negatif. Contoh: No, I am not, bisa disingkat menjadi No, I’m not. Singkatan-singkatan ini akan dipelajari khusus pada unit selanjutnya. Contoh penggunaan dalam dialog: (1) t : Sylvia, are you a teacher?
s : No, I’m not. I’m a doctor. t : That’s great! (2) s : So Tyler, what do you do?
t : I’m a businessman. How about you? s : I’m a singer. t : Wow, that’s great! (3) r : What does your friend look like, Sylvia?
s : Oh, he’s tall, handsome, and he has brown hair. r : Is he kind? s : Yes, he’s very kind. He’s really nice! (4) Hi, my name is Tyler. I’m tall, I’m funny, and I’m really happy. I’m a teacher and web
designer. My friend’s name is Sylvia, she’s very cute, tall, and kind. She’s a teacher, too. She’s also really smart. It’s nice to meet you! Kosa kata baru: teacher = guru doctor = dokter great = hebat do = kerjakan/pekerjaan businessman = pebisnis singer = penyayi friend = teman
hair = rambut brown = coklat kind = baik funny = menyenangkan happy = bahagia/senang web designer = perancang situs cute = manis/elok
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
look like = seperti tall = tinggi handsome = tampan
smart = cerdas really = sungguh
Note:
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
PRESENT TENSE Kalimat Positif Formula (Rumus) = S + V 1 (s/es) + Obj = S + V1 (s/es) + Complement = S + V 1 (s/es) + Obj + Complement
Simple persent tense digunakan untuk membuat kalimat tentang waktu sekarang. Bentuk waktu ini digunakan untuk kondisi-kondisi berikut. - Fakta permanen: Kalimat-kalimat yang menyatakan fakta yang sel alu berlaku/benar. Contoh: It is cold in winter. - The sun shines - Fish lives in water.
- Fakta sekarang: Kalimat-kalimat yang menyatakan fakta yang benar untuk saat sekarang. Conth: I work at home. - She plays piano.
―I work at home‖ tidak berarti saya sedang bekerja sekarang, tetapi berarti bahwa dalam kondisi sekarang saya bekerja di rumah. - Tindakan kebiasaan: I get up at 5.00 - They come here every day. Tindakan-tindakan ini diulangi secara teratur, sehingga dianggap sebagai sebuah realita sekarang dan dinyatakan dalam Simple Present tense.
Berikut contoh kata kerja ―give‖ dalam Simple Present: Tunggal
Jamak
I give
We give
You give
You give
He gives
They give
She gives It gives Aturan penulisan kata kerja untuk Simple Present tense
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
Jika kita melihat diatas, anda akan melihat bahwa penulisan kata kerja tidak berubah, kecuali untuk orang ketiga tunggal (He, She, It), yakni kata kerja ditambahkan ―s‖. Sebagai cntoh ―I eat - He eats―. Terkadang aturan penulisan lain untuk kata kerja juga berlaku bagi He, She dan It, yakni tidak
ditambahkan ―s‖ tetapi ―es―. Berikut aturannya:
Akhiran kata kerja
Contoh
Kata kerja berakhiran -o ditambah -es
do - does, go - goes
Kata kerja berakhiran -s ditambah -es
pass - passes, kiss - kisses
Kata kerja berakhiran -x ditambah -es
fix - fixes, mix - mixes
Kata kerja berakhiran -ch ditambah -es
match - matches, catch - catches
Kata kerja berakhiran -sh ditambah -es
push - pushes, rush - rushes
—–
-
Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf konsonan dan -
try - tries, cry – cries
y sering merubah akhiran -y menjadi -ies:
Kata kerja seperti ―buy‖ tidak memiliki konsonan sebelum ―y‖, sehingga cukup ditambahkan -s
buy - buys, pay - pays.
seperti biasa.
Kalimat Negatif Formula (Rumus) = S + do/does + not + V 1 (s/es) + Obj = S + do/does + not + V1 (s/es) + Complement = S + do/does + not + V1 (s/es) + Obj + Complement Kalimat negatif pada present tense pada dasarnya sama seperti kalimat negatif pada Simple Present Tense. Contoh -
I do not go to school.
-
She does not like him.
-
I don’t know about it. (kata don’t merupakan penyingkatan dari kata do not )
-
It doesn’t like you think about. (kata doesn’t merupakan penyingkatan dari kata does not )
-
Alan does not like woman.
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
Kalimat Tanya (Introgatif) Formula (Rumus) = do/does + S + V 1 (s/es) + Obj + ? = do/does S + + V 1 (s/es) + Complement + ? = do/does + S + V 1 (s/es) + Obj + Complement + ? Kalimat negatif pada present tense pada dasarnya sama seperti kalimat negatif pada Simple Present Tense. Contoh -
Do I go to school? (Yes, You do or No, You don’t)
-
Does she like him? (Yes, She does or No, She doesn’t)
-
Does Alan not like woman? ( yes, of course or yes, Alan does or yes, he does or no, he doesn’t or no, Alan doesn’t )
-
Do they run together? (Yes, they do or no, they don’t)
Penggunaan Do dan Does dalam kalimat tanya DO
DOES
Do I …?
Does she …?
Do You…?
Does he …?
Do They …?
Does it …?
Do we …?
Does Ita …?
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan. 1) Hi, let me tell you about my daily routine. First, I get up at 8.00, then I brush my teeth, have a shower, and eat breakfast. I go to work at 8.50, and I start work at 9.30. Then I have lunch at 1.00, and
finish work at 5.30. I go to bed at 11.00. That’s my day! 2) Hi! My name is Sylvia. I come from Korea. I’m 24 years old, I’m tall and I have black hair. I like music and movies. I also like reading books. I play sports and I study English. I don’t like cake. I’m really happy to meet you!
3) Tyler, do you have a hobby? Sure, I read books. Oh, I like books as well. Do you watch TV?
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
Yes, I watch TV every day. I like drama and comedy programs. I like the news. And I go to the gym as well.
Me too! Let’s go together. That sounds great! Kosa kata baru: daily routine = rutinitas harian
black = hitam
first = pertama
music = musik
get up = bangun
movies = filem
brush = menyikat
also = juga
have = mempunyai
read = membaca
shower = shower
play = bermain
eat = makan
sports = olahraga
breakfast = sarapan pagi
study = belajar
go = pergi
hobby = kegemaran
work = bekerja
book = buku
start = mulai
watch = menonton
lunch = makan siang
TV = Televisi
finish = selesai
drama = drama
bed = tempat tidur
comedy = komedi
day = siang/hari
news = berita
come = datang
gym = gimnastik
come from = berasal dari
let’s =mari kita
Korea = Korea
together = bersama
Note
Imam & Ita together forever
First Introducing about Present Tense, Reading, Translating, Aswering Question
A Happy Family
Robert and Lucy are married. They have been happily married for fifteen years. Robert works in a factory, he's a machine operator. He works from 8 to 3. Lucy works at the local supermarket. She's the supervisor of the check-out . She works part time from 10 to 2. They have four children, Mark, 14, John, 13, Hilda, 11 and Jane, 8. Mark and John go to St. Mary's Secondary school of the local County council. Hilda and Jane are still at Primary School. They live in a little cottage in Park Lane. The back of the house gives on to the park and it's a very quiet place. There is no noise, no traffic. The only noise they hear comes from the children playing in the park, or the birds in the trees. The two boys often go out with their friends at the weekends. Sometimes they go to the school sports grounds to play football. The girls like to stay at home watching TV or playing in the garden. They have a little Yorkshire Terrier. They all like playing with the dog. Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
How long have Robert and Lucy been married? Where does Robert work? What are his working hours? What does Lucy do? Does she work full time? What are the ages of the four children? Which school do the boys go to? What about the girls? Where do they live? What's at the back of the house? 1s it a noisy street? What's the only noise they can hear? What do the boys do at the weekends? What about the girls? What sort of dog do they have?
Imam & Ita together forever