UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica de Telecomunicación
PROYECTO FIN DE CARRERA
CABECERA DE TELEVISIÓN POR CABLE
Sergio Fernández Mesas Septiembre, 2012
RESUMEN En el presente proyecto se realiza un estudio para la construcción de una cabecera de televisión por cable. Se trata de un proyecto puramente teórico en el que se especifican cada una de las partes que forman una cabecera de televisión y c ómo funciona cada una de ellas. En un principio, se sitúa la cabecera de televisión dentro de una plataforma general de transmisión, para indicar sus funciones. Posteriormente, se analizan las distintas tecnologías que implementan esta transmisión y los estándares DVB que las rigen, como son DVB-C y DVB-C2 para las transmisiones por cable propiamente dichas y DVB-IPTV para las transmisiones por IP, para elegir cuál de las opciones es la más acertada y adaptar la cabecera de televisión a la misma. En cuanto al desarrollo teórico de la cabecera, se estudia el proceso que sigue la señal dentro de la misma, desde la recepción de los canales hasta el envío de los mismos hacia los hogares de los distintos usuarios, pasando previamente por las etapas de codificación y multiplexación. Además, se especifican los equipos necesarios para el correcto funcionamiento de cada una de las etapas. En la recepción, se reciben los canales por cada uno de los medios posibles (satélite, cable, TDT y estudio), que son demodulados y decodificados por el receptor. A continuación, son codificados (en este proyecto en MPEG-2 o H.264) para posteriormente ser multiplexados. En la etapa de multiplexación, se forma una trama Transport Stream por cada canal , , compuesta por su flujo de video, audio y datos. Estos datos se trata de una serie de tablas (SI y PSI) que guían al set-topbox del usuario en la decodificación de los programas (tablas PSI) y que proporcionan información de cada uno de los mismos y del sistema (tablas SI). Con estas últimas el decodificador forma la EPG. Posteriormente, se realiza una segunda multiplexación, de forma que se incluyen múltiples programas en una sola trama Transport Stream (MPTS). Estos MPTS son los flujos que les son enviados a cada uno de los usuarios. El mecanismo de transmisión es de dos tipos en función del contenido y los destinatarios: multicast o unicast. Por último, se especifica el funcionamiento básico de un sistema de acceso condicional, así como su estructura, el cual e s imprescindible en todas las cabeceras para asegurar que cada usuario solo visualiza los contenidos contratados.
ABSTRACT In this project, a study is realized for the cable television head-end construction . It is a theoretical project in which there are specified each of the parts that form a television headend and how their works each of them. At first, the television head-end places inside a general platform of transmission, to indicate its functions. Later, the different technologies that implement this transmission and the standards DVB that govern them are analyzed, since the standards that govern the cable transmissions (DVB-C and DVB-C2) to the standard that govern the IP transmissions (DVB-IPTV), to choose which of the options is the most guessed right and to adapt the television head-end to the same one. The theoretical development of the head-end, there is studied the process that follows the sign inside the same one, from the receipt of the channels up to the sending of the same ones towards the homes of the different users, happening before for the stages of codification and multiplexación. In addition, there are specified the equipments necessary for the correct functioning of each one of the stages. In the reception, the channels are receiving for each of the possible systems(satellite, cable, TDT and study), and they are demodulated and decoded by the receiver. Later, they are codified (in this project in MPEG-2 or H.264). The next stage is the stage of multiplexing. In the multiplexing stage, the channels are packetized in Transport Stream, composed by his video flow, audio and information. The information are composed by many tables(SI and PSI). The PSI tables guide the set-top-box of the user in the programs decoding and the SI tables provide information about the programs and system. With the information mentioned the decoder forms the EPG. Later, a second multiplexación is realized, so that there includes multiple programs in an alone Transport Stream (MPTS). These MPTS are the flows that are sent to each of the users. Two types of transmission are possible: unicast (VoD channels) and multicast (live channels). Finally, the basic functioning of a conditional access system is specified and his structure too, which is indispensable in all the head-end to assure that every users visualizes the contracted contents only.
ÍNDICE CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. HISTORIA……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 1.1.1. COMIENZOS DE LA TELEVISIÓN POR CABLE .................................................................2
1.2. LA TELEVISIÓN POR CABLE EN ESPAÑA………………………………………………………………………4 1.2.1. TELEVISIÓN POR CABLE EN ESPAÑA ....…………………………………………………………………..4 1.2.2. TELEVISIÓN POR ADSL EN ESPAÑA (IPTV) …………………………….…………………………………..6
1.3. ESTRUCTURA GENERAL DE UNA TRANSMISIÓN POR CABLE………………………………………. CAPÍTULO 2. DVB DE!INICIÓN " DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL………………………………………………………………………………# 2.1 DVB$C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1% 2.1.1. CONCEPTO DEL SISTEMA POR CABLE ……………………………………………………..…………….1% 2.1.1.1. CARACTER&STICAS GENERALES………………….……………………………..……………1% 2.1.2. !ORMACIÓN DE LA ESTRUCTURA DE SEÑAL …………………………..……………………………….12 2.1.2.1. INTER!AZ !ISICO BANDA BASE (T'*+,'- S-'/) …………………………………….12 2.1.3. CÓDIGO DE CANAL…………………………………………………………………………………………..12 2.1.3.1. INVERSIÓN S"NC 1 " ALEATORIZACIÓN ……………………………………………………12 2.1.3.2. CODI!ICACIÓN REED$SOLOMON………….…………………………………………………13 2.1.3.3. ENTRELAZADO CONVOLUCIONAL………………….……………………………………….13 2.1.4. CONVERSOR B"TE$S&MBOLO……………………………………….………………………………………13 2.1.4.1. CODI!ICADOR DI!ERENCIAL………………………………………………………………….13 2.1.4.2. !ORMACIÓN BANDA BASE …………………………..……………………………………….14 2.1.0. MODULADOR AM………………………………………………………………………………………….14
2.2 DVB$C2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..14 2.2.1. DE!INICIÓN……………..……………………………………………………………………………………..14
2.2.2. CONCEPTOS PREVIOS……………………………………..…………………………………………………10 2.2.2.1. TRANSPORT STREAM.………………………………………………………………………….10 2.2.2.2. PH"SICAL LA"ER PIPE (PLP*) ………………………………………………………………….1 2.2.3. COMPARACIÓN ENTRE DVB$C " DVB$C2………………………………………………………………..1# 2.2.4. DESCRIPCIÓN DE DVB$C2……………………………………………………………………………………1# 2.2.4.1. A'-5-' 7 **-/………………………………………………………………………2%
2.3 DVB$IPTV…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..24 2.3.1. DESCRIPCIÓN………………………………………………………………………………………………….24 2.3.2. ASPECTOS B8SICOS………………………………………………………………………………………….20 2.3.2.1. ELEMENTOS……………………………………………………………………………………..20 2.3.2.2. PER!ILES DVB$IP…………………………………………………………………………………26 2.3.2.3. PROTOCOLOS……………………………………………………………………………………2 2.3.3. CON!IGURACIÓN……………………………………………………………………………………………..29 2.3.3.1. SERVIDOR DHCP (D:/5 H,*- C,;<'-, P',-,5,7)……………………………..29 2.3.3.2. SERVIDOR DNS (D,/ N/ S:*-/) …………………………………………………..29 2.3.3.3. SERVIDOR NTP (N-=,'> T/ P',-,5,7)………………………………………………….29 2.3.3.4. PROVISIÓN DEL SERVICIO…………………………………………………………………….29 2.3.4. SD?S (DESCUBRIMIENTO " SELECCIÓN DEL SERVICIO) ………………………………………………29 2.3.4.1. IN!ORMACIÓN DE SERVIDE DISCOVER" …………………………………………………..29 2.3.4.2. TRANSPORTE DE LA IN!ORMACIÓN SD?S ………………………………………………..2# 2.3.4.3. SELECCIÓN……………………………………………………………………………………….3% 2.3.0. TRANSPORTE DE CONTENIDOS DVB ……………………………………………………………………..3% 2.3.0.1. CONTENIDO " PROTOCOLOS DE TRANSPORTE …………………………………………..3% 2.3.0.2. CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES……………………………………………………………………31 2.3.0.3. IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL !EC SMPTE ………………………………………………………..31 2.3.6. BROADBAND CONTENT GUIDE (BCG) ……………………………………………………………………32
2.3.6.1. RELACION BCG CON AN"$TIME………………………………………………………………33 2.3.6.2. ARUITECTURA…………………………………………………………………………………33 2.3.6.3. TIPOS DE SERVICIO " !UNCIONALIDADES …………………………………………………33
CAPÍTULO 3. JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA ELECCIÓN @USTI!ICACIÓN DE LA OPCIÓN ELEGIDA………………………………………………………………………….30 CAPÍTULO 4. CABECERA DE TELEVISIÓN POR CABLE 4.1 ESUEMA GENERAL………………………………………………………………………………………………....39 4.1.2. CODI!ICACIÓN…………………………………………………………………………………………………39 4.1.3. MULTIPLEACIÓN…………………………………………………………………………………………....3# 4.1.4. EUIPOS REDUNDANTES (BAC$UP)…………………………………………………………………….41
4.2. RECEPCIÓN………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41 4.2.1. TIPO DE SEÑAL EN !UNCIÓN DE LA RECEPCIÓN ……………………………………………………….41 4.2.2. EL RECEPTOR…………………………………………………………………………………………………..42 4.2.3. ESUEMA REPRESENTATIVO ......................................…………………………………………43
4.3. CODI!ICACIÓN………………………………………………………………………………………………………….43 4.3.1. CODI!ICACIÓN MPEG$2 " MPEG$4 AVC ……………….…………………………………………………44 4.3.2. CODI!ICACIÓN VBR " CBR………………………………………………………………………………….46 4.3.3. EUIPOS NECESARIOS EN LA ETAPA DE CODI!ICACIÓN …………………………………………….49
4.4. MULTIPLEACIÓN…………………………………………………………………………………………………….49 4.4.1. !ORMACIÓN DE LOS SPTS ………………………………………………………………………………….4# 4.4.2. ESTRUCTURA DE UN SPTS………………………………………………………………………………….03 4.4.3. !ORMACIÓN DE MPTS ………………………………………………………………………………………00 4.4.4. DEMULTIPLEACIÓN " DECODI!ICACIÓN DE PROGRAMAS …………………………………………06 4.4.0. EUIPOS NECESARIOS EN LA ETAPA DE MULTIPLEACIÓN …………………………………………0#
4.0 TRANSMISIÓN…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..0# 4.0.1. UNICAST………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6%
4.0.2. MULTICAST…………………………………………………………………………………………………….61 4.0.3. TRANSMISIÓN DE CANALES REGIONALES ………………………………………………………………61
CAPÍTULO 5. SISTEMA DE ACCESO CONDICIONAL (CAS) 0.1. IMPLEMENTACIÓN " !UNCIONAMIENTO………………………………………………………………… !UNCIONAMIENTO…………………………………………………………………63 63 0.1.1. CI!RADO " DESCI!RADO DEL CONTENIDO ………………………………………………………………63 0.1.2. TABLA DE ACCESO CONDICIONAL (CAT) " DESCRIPTORES ………………………………………….60 0.1.3. EMM " ECM……………………………………………………………………………………………………6#
0.2. ARUITECTURA DEL CAS SIMULCR"PT " MULTICR"PT…………………………………………….% 0.2.1. SIMULCR"PT…………………………………………………………………………………………………..2 0.2.2. MULTICR"PT…………………………………………………………………………………………………..0
CAPÍTULO 6. CONCLUSIONES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………# RE!ERENCIAS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....91
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U-7 -' 6$9 MH 5, 57.
•
S -'- *7 5, 7-, SNR.
E 7 ;<' *<- * /*-' <'/ 7,* 5,''*+, 5, 7 K+755 7* *--* '5,* *;' 7 *7 * +*, +,' 7 57.
1%
!<' 2.1 D<'/ 7,* DVB$C.
11
E 7,* *<-* +'-,* * K+75' , , 7,* *--,* 7,* 7 <'/ -','F /+7, 7 ;,'/5 7 5,/-, '7 5 , 77,* -', 7 +',5*, DVB$C .
2.1.2. FORMACIÓN DE LA ESTRUCTURA DE SEÑAL 2.1.2.1. INTERFAZ FISICO BANDA BASE ( Transport Stream) E*- 7, * 5'< 7 +-5 7 *-'5-' -,* 7 *7 7 ;-. S 5,;,'/ 7 *7 * 5', 5, 7 5+ -'*+,'- MPEG$2 57:, :-* *5',5. L 5+ MPEG$2 * ; 7 ,'/ ISOIEC1#919$1 26. D5 5+ -'*+,'- *- 5,/+*- +-* 199 :-*F 7,* 57* 1 :- * *5',5F 3 :-* *, 55'F +',+,'5,, 7 -;55 7 *'5,F 7 5,;55 : 7 ;,'/5 7 5,-',7 : 7,* 194 :-* '*--* 5,-' -,* MPEG$2 , -,* K7'*. A/*F * * 57: 5<, R$S,7,/, +' +',-55 5,-' '','*F 5,* +-* *-' 5,/+*-,* +* 2%4 :-* 7<' +,' 199. D5,* +-* -'*+,'- -'J 7 *<- ;,'/
!<' 2.2 E*-'5-' Transport Stream .
2.1.3. CÓDIGO DE CANAL 2.1.3.1. INVERSIÓN SYNC 1 ALEATORIZACIÓN L *7 MPEG$2 * /7-+7K *, *J *-'5-' +-* 7,<- ; (199 :-* 57, 7 :- *5',5). E7 ,' +',5*, */+' 5,/' +,' 7 - /:,' +*, 7 +7' *5',5. L *7 * *,/- +',5*, 7-,'5 set reset F 5,;,'/, 7 *+5-', : *-':Q,7, ;,'//- +,' -,, 7 '<, ;'55* : -' *J 7* -';'5* -' *J/,7,* 7 , 5,5-''* *- ':* *+5-'7* +'5*. 12
2.1.3.2. CODIFICACIÓN REED"SOLOMON P,*-','/-F *- 7, +75 5,;55 Reed-Solomon 5 +- 7 *7 7-,' (TY9) 5, 7 ; ;57-' 7 +',-55 5,-' '','* 7 5 '5+5. E7 *<;5, TY9 * * <'- * +,' 5,''<' *- /K/, 9 :-* '',* +,' +-. E*- +',5*, 16 :-* +' 5 +- MPEG$2. A/*F 5 *-5' *- 5,;55 -/Q * +75 7,* :-* *5',5.
2.1.3.3. ENTRELAZADO CONVOLUCIONAL E*- * 5'< +75' -'7, 5,,75,7 7,* +-* 5,;5,*F 5, 7 -5 *+'' : '+'-' 7 *5* -* '',*. E*-, ;57-' 7 -55 : 5,''55 +,*-',' 5,* '','*. L +',; 5 7 ,'/ ETS 3%% 42# 6 +' 7 -'7, * 12 * 7 -7 7 **-/ -'*/* +,' *-Q7-. S /'<,F 7 -'*/* +,' 57 , *' 5*' 7 +755 -'7, 5,,75,7F : 7 5,;55 5,-' '','* ';< * *' 7 -'575 :-*.
2.1.#. CONVERSOR BTE"S!MBOLO E*- ' '7' 5,'* 7,* :-* <',* +,' 7 7, -'7, *J/,7,* AM.
2.1.#.1. CODIFICADOR DIFERENCIAL E*- 7, * 5'< +75' 5,;55 ;'57 7,* 2 -* /:,' +*,F ;,'/ * 5,*< 5,*-75 ',-- '- ',-5,* 2. D *- ;,'/F 7,* +-,* 7 +'/' 5'- 7 5,*-75 AM * + 5,'-' +-,* 7 '*-, 5'-* 5, *,7, '' 7,* ,* -* /* *<;5-,*. T7 2.1 C,'* :- [ *J/,7, 6.
C/%#!%&$"
MSB
R+$%*& LSB
1
%%
2
1%
W 2
3
11
W
4
%1
W 32
13
2.1.#.2. FORMACIÓN BANDA BASE L* *7* I : *, *,/-* *- ;7-', 'J 5,*, 7, -* 7 /,75 AMF 5, 7 ,-, '5' 7 -';'5 -' *J/,7,*.
2.1.$. MODULADOR %AM L *7 ;7-' * /,7 AMF -7, 16F 32F 64F 129 , 206 *J/,7,* +' +,*-','/- *' . N,'/7/- 7 /* -7 * 64AM. L 5 '5+5 '7 7 +',5*, 5,-'', 7 *5'-, -','/- +' ,-' 7 *7 MPEG$2.
2.2. DVB-C2 (Estándar para sist!as d trans!isi"n p#r $a%& d s'nda 'nra$i"n) 2.2.1. DEFINICIÓN DVB$C2 * 5,,5 5,/, 7 *-' *< <'5 -'*/* -7* +,' 57 9 7,', +,' DVB. E*- *-' /,' 5, -Q55* ,,** 5,;55 : /,75
7 -<, *-' DVBF +* 7 5+5 +' 7 -'*/* -,* 7 '* 57 "'$%%& $!%%0%&#+ % -"&% %%#%#. S /'<,F , *,7, *- ;5-,' * 7 5*- 7 5'5 DVB$C2F *, K*- ,-',* /,-,* # +',+5, 7 *'',77, *-' 57 *< <'5F 5,/, *, •
C,/+-- ,+','* *'5,* -7*,* +,' 57 5, 7- +-'5 <-7 +' -',5' *'5,* HD : V,D.
•
L* '* 57 -'*/- 5,-,* ,-',* -+,* '* 5,/, *-Q7- , -''*-' 5*- *<' 7 ,75 Q*-*.
•
A/-, -'*/* *'5,* +,' IP 5*- 5' *, * ''/-*.
•
M,'* '/-, +',+,'5,' /-, +-'5 <-7 7<,* /'5,*.
L* *+5;55,* -,,* 7,* *-'* DVB * * *' '*-,* 5,/'57*. P' DVB$C2 7<,* 77,* *, 14
•
A/-, 5+5 7 /,* 3%\.
•
A+,:, 7,* ;'-* +',-,5,7,* -'.
•
M,' 7 '/-, +',-55 ;'- '','*.
P,' ,-', 7,F * *7 ' DVB$C2 '-7 7<,* 7,* 7,* 5,*-'55 ,-',* **-/* DVB *< <'5.
2.2.2. CONCEPTOS PREVIOS A-* 5,-' /+7, 7 ;,'/5 5'5 DVB$C2F *' 5*', 5,,5' -',5'* *' 5,5+-,* -Q55,* :' 7 5,/+'* *- *-'.
2.2.2.1. TRANSPORT STREAM S -'- +',-,5,7, 5,/55 +'/- -'*/-' +,' /*/, 57 ',* +',<'/* 7,* 57* + 5,-' (J,F ,F -7-K-,F ;,'/5 7,* *'5,*F ;,'/5 55*, 5,5,7F…) 11. P' 77, 7,* ;7,* ',* , : , 5 +',<'/ * 5,/+'/ +,' *+', ;,'/, ES (Elementary Stream). C , *-,* ES *, -'*;,'/,* ;,'/ +-* ,/,* PES (Packetized Elementary Stream ) +' +,*-','/- *' /7-+7K,* : ;,'/' 5,-, -' ', 5,F 7 Trasport Stream . E*- Transport Stream -' 7,<- 199 :-* : +,*-','/- * 7* +,' +75' -Q55* 5,''55 '','* !ECF 7, /-'J * 7,<- 2%4 :-*. D *- /' * 5,*<'J 7, * ,/ SPTS ( Single Program Transport Stream )F * 5'F TS ;,'/, +,' *,7, +',<'/. S /'<,F * 7 ,-, * -'*/-' +,' *,7, 57 ',* +',<'/*F * ' '/7-+7K' ',* SPTS ;,'/ -' 77,* ;,'/ MPTS (Multiple Program Trasport Stream ). A*JF +,' - *,7, ;7, ', * -'*+,'-' ',* +',<'/* /+-,* MPTSF 7,* 57* 5 *, 7 *-' DVB$C2.
C&''*+& + ,' Trasport Stream C,/, * 5,/-, -','/- TS - 7,<- -7/- 199 :-*F 7,* 57*F 4 *- *-,* 7 55' 7 /*/, : 7,* 194 '*--* 7 +:7, , 5'< -7F * 5'F 7 ;,'/5. A/* -'* 7 55' * + 5,-'' 5/+, +-5 ,+5,7.
10
C&''*+& + - /0/ •
B$" #" '&!+ ( $') T 7 7,' %K4 : *' +' 5' 7 5, 7 TS. S' +' *5',' 7 5,;5,' 5, 7,* -,* -'-*.
•
I&#%#+! #" "!!+! #" $!%&'+!$" E*- - * 5- 5, * -5- '',' 7 -'*/*.
•
I&#%#+! #" %!!%&/" I5 * : PES 7 55' 7 +:7,.
•
PID (Packet Identification ) (13 $') E* 7 5'<, -;5' 5 , 7,* +',<'/* -'*+,'- TS. P *' 57' 5,/5 13 -* K5+-, 1 7,'* '*',* - 7 ,'/ MPEG$2.
•
C+&$!+- #" !%#+ I5 7 5,;5,' * : -,* 5;',* -', 7 payload .
•
C+&$!+- %+ #" %#%$%*& I5 * 7 55' - 5/+, +-5.
•
C+&$!+- #" %!7% V 7<, 7 5,-',7 +-5F 7 57 *7 -7' 2 -*. D+, 7 7,' -,/ 5' * - *,7, 5,-',7 5/+, +-5 (1%)F * - *,7, 5,-',7 5'< (%1) , * +,* /,* (11).
•
C+&$%#+! #" +&$&/#%# E7 5,;5,' /- * 7,' 1 +,' 5 +- J 7 /*/ ;-. D *- /' 7 5,;5,' +,' '7' 5,/+'5 5, 7,* +-* '5 : 5' * * +', 7<,.
C& + +/*4' •
I&#%#+! #" -+&7$/# #"- %+ #" %#%$%*&.
•
I&#%#+! #" #'+&$&/#%# S -7 +' -5-' +Q'* +,' *7-, 7 5,;5,'.
•
PCR (Program Clock Reference ) S, ';'5* -/+,'7* '7,F * -'*/- +'5/- +' 5 , 7,* +',<'/* 5,-,* 7 -'/F : +'/- 7 *5',5 7,* '7,* (#% >H) *,5,* 7 /7-+7K,' (-'*/*) : /7-+7K,' ( '5+5). C ;,'/5 PCR ,5+ 42 -*.
•
B$"' #" !"--"&+ S, :-* *' +' 5,/+7-' 7 -'/ 199 :-* 5*, , ' ;,'/5 *;5-.
•
I&#%#+! /"&$% %$!8' %!% +!$" P'/- 7 5,/-5 7/+ -' TS.
T0-5 + *'6&/*4' P' 7 5,;5,' + ,'-'* -' 7 ' +',<'/* -', Transport Stream -7 -7* ,/* PSI (Program Specific Infomartion). E*-* -7* *,
-',5* -', 7 -'/ -'*+,'-F ;,'/, Elementary Streams -7 : 5,/, 7, 5 7,* -,* , : ,F ;,'/ 5 77* 7 5,''*+,' PID *,5, 16
5,. D *- ;,'/F 5, 7 5,-, 5 7* -7* 7 5,;5,' *' K-'' -,* 5,''*+, 5 , 7,* +',<'/*. P,' ,-', 7, * 5-' 7* -7* SI *, -7* +' 7 5,;5,' + 5,-'' 7 <J +',<'/5 : -,,* 7,* +',<'/* *,5,*. A 5,-5 * ,;'5 7*-, 5, 7* -7* /* '7-* •
PAT (Program Association Table ) E* ,7<-,'. S/+' - 7 PID %K%%. I5 +' 5 +',<'/ 7 TS 7 '75 -' 7 /', +',<'/ : 7 PID 7 -7 *+5;5 7,* 5,/+,-* 5, +',<'/ (PMT).
•
PMT (Program Map Table) E* ,7<-,' : : +,' +',<'/. I5 7,* 5,/+,-* 7,* +',<'/* +'*-* TSF * 5'F *,5 5 +',<'/ 5, 7,* PID* 7,* +-* 7, 5,/+,F *J 5,/, 7 7,575 7 ';'5 *5',*/, 7 /*/,. S *+5;5 5, *5'+-,'* 7 -+, 5,/+,- (,F ,F ,/F *-J-7,*F -,*F 5'+-,F…).
•
CAT (Conditional Access Table ) E* ,7<-,' 5, 7< +',<'/ *- 5'+-,. S/+' - 7 PID %K%1. I5 7 **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 -7, : 7 PID +,' 7 * J 7,* /** -,'5.
•
NIT (Network Identification Table ) P,' ;5 5,*--: 7 +',<'/ % 7 /7-+7K. P',+,'5, ;,'/5 7 ' ;J*5 : 7 ,'<5 7,* *'5,* 7,* TS*.
•
SDT (Service Description Table ) D-,* *5' 7,* *'5,* 5,-,* TS +'-57'. P'5+7/- +',+,'5, 7 ,/' : 7
•
EIT (Event Information Table ) I5 7,* -,* -,* : 5,-,* -,* , 7 5,-',7 7 ',5*-' (-J-7,F ;5 : ,' 5,/,F '5F * *- 5'+-,F…). PID %K12. o
EIT 9 ( present following) 57: 7,* -,* 7 -, 5-7 : 7 *<- (/<J).
o
•
EIT 1:;"#/-" 5,- ;,'/5 ',* J* (<J +',<'/5).
TDT Time Date Table D-,* 7 ,' '*7 UTC : 7 ;5. S -7 +' +,'
,' 7 '7, -', 7 '5+-,'. PID %K14.
2.2.2.2. PHSICAL LAER PIPE (PLP5) S -'- **-/ -'*+,'- -,* 5,**- 7 J, 5 *'5, +,' *+', /- 7* 5,K,* 5+ ;J*5 12. E* 7* +'5+7* ;'5* -' 1
7,* *-'* DVB$C : DVB$C2. E*- /,, -'*+,'- +'/- /-' 7 +',-55 : ',*- 7 **-/F : /* +,' *' /,75 ;'- +' 5 *'5,. S /'<,F PLP 7 +,*7 <'+' ',* *'5,* ;'-* *, 7<, Q*- /7-+7K, +,' * -/+, :, ;'55. T,,* 7,* PLP* *, -'*/-,* +'77, *- -'* 7 7, O!DMF * J : +,*-','/- * 7 *+'' 7 /,7' 7 *7 O!DMF +' *' 5,;5,* 7/- +'77,.
T*&5 + PLP5 L,* PLP* * 57*;5 7 *<- /' *< 7 ;5 '75 : 7 ;,'/ * *-': 7 -'/ •
COMUNES T'*+,'- -,* 5,/* -,,* 7,* PLP*. C, 77,* * -'*+,'- *- ;,'/5 *,7 : , - *' 5, 5 7* 5+*.
•
TIPO 1 PLP 5, ;,'/5 5, *'5,. S, ,* 5, -'7, 7 -'/.
•
TIPO 2 PLP 5, ;,'/5 5, *'5,. S, ,* 2 , /* -'7,* 7 -'/.
P,' ,-', 7,F 5 -'/ C2 5,- 7 +'5+, 7,* *J/,7,* P1 : P2 •
P1 I5 7 5,/, 7 -'/. A/* 5,- ;,'/5 ';'- 7 ;'55.
•
P2 C,- ;,'/5 *,' 7 PLP : 7 '+'-5 57*.
S< * 5 7 ;,'/5 ,;'5 7 *J/,7, P2F 7 -'/ C2 * 57* 7* 57* *' ,5+* +,' 7,* 7/-,* -77,* -','/- : * ,' *-'5-/-.
M&+&5 + 6,'/*&'*'& •
MODO A + SIN
•
MODO B U-7 ',* PLP*F +'/-, *J 5 *'5, -< /,75 *--.
19
2.2.3. COMPARACIÓN ENTRE DVB"C DVB"C2 DVB$C2F 7 <7 ,5''J 5, DVB$CF *+, *' ,+5,* : /,,* + *' 5,;<',* *< 7* *--* 5'5-'J*-5* 7* '* : 7,* *'5,* : +'*-5,* * ' ,-' 7* /*/* ;,'/ ,;'5 '/-, +-/,. E 7 *<- -7 * /,*-'' ,* 5,7/* 7* +'5+7* ;'5* : */7-* -' DVB$C2 : * +'5*,' T7 2.2. DVB$C * DVB$C2 1%
I&$"!%> #" "&$!%#%
DVB=C
DVB=C2
Single Transport Stream (TS)
M7-+7 T'*+,'- S-'/ G'5 S-'/ E5+*7-, (GSE)
M+#+'
C,;55 : M,75
C,;55 : M,75
5,*--*
5,*--* : +--*
FEC
R S,7,/,
LDPC W BCH
D'"!'+!
D*+'* +,' -
D*+'* +,' -/+, - : +,' ;'55
M+#/-%*&
AM *,7 +,'-,'
COD!M
P-+$+'
NO
P7,-,* *+'*,* : 5,-,*
I&$"!?%-+ #" 7/%!#%
NO
164 , 1129
E'/"%' #" +#/-%*&
16 206 AM
16 4%#6 AM
L* -Q55* 5,;55 : /,75 5* 7 -7 -','F ,;'5 7* /*/* 5,5,* 3%\ /* ;55 *+5-'7 +' DVB$C2 +' DVB$C. U 7 +< 7<5, ; 5,F 7 5+5 55 +' 7* '* H!C ,+-/* /-, 6%\. P,' 7-/, ' 7,* '5+-,'* DVB$C2 -/Q *' 5+5* /' 7,* *'5,* DVB$ C.
2.2.#. DESCRIPCIÓN DE DVB"C2 L -' 7 **-/ + *-' 5,/+*- +,' , , ',* Trasport Stream (TS) :, , , ',* eneric Stream (GS). L -' 7 +'+',5*,'F 7 57 , ;,'/ +'- 7 **-/F 1#
+ 57' /7-+7K,' 5, 7 ,-, *+'' 5 , 7,* *'5,*. A 5,-5F *-,* *'5,* *' -'*+,'-,* +,' 7* *--* 5+* PLP ( P!isycal "ayer Pipes) +' *+Q* *' -'*/-,* -'Q* R!(R, !'55).
2.2.#.1. A7,*/, +- 5*5 I. ADAPTACIÓN DE MODO C,/, * 5,/-, -','/-F 7 -' 7 **-/ C2 * 5,/+,' , ',* *55* -,*F 7* 57* *' -'*+,'-* 5 77* +,' *+', +,' PLP. E7 /7, +-5 /,, 5- +,' *+', 7 5,-, 5 PLPF 5,'-, 7 *55 -,* -' 5/+,* -,*F -'* 7 +-5 5,''- ;,'/' 7,* 5/+,* * ( BB#rame). E*- /7, *- 5,/+*-, +,' 7 -'; -'F 7 *< -'* ***-/* ,+5,7* (7 *5',,' 7 ;7, -'F 7 7/5 +-* 7,* : 7 5,;5,' CRC$9). E 7 ;<' *<- * /*-' <'/ 7,* 7 /7, +-5 /,,F 7 57 '5 /7-+7* -'* PLP
!<' 2.3 A+-5 /,, 5, /7-+7* -'* (PLP) 9
II. ADAPTACIÓN DE CORRIENTE E7 /7, +-5 5,''- '5' 7 -' 7 /*/, BB$eader F /-'* 7 *7 7 /*/, 7, * ,-' * BB#rame. E*- /7, +',+,'5,
2%
•
Sc!eduler E7 +',<'/,' *' 7 5'<, 5'F -, 5, 7 5,*-'5-,' Data SliceF !5 !7 Slice 7 **-/ C2 77' -,* : +,' 57 7,* PLP.
•
Padding S, -,* '77, + +75'* 5*,* 7,* 7,* -,*
*', *+,7* +' 7 -'*/* , * *;5-* +' 5,/+7-' BB#rame. •
BB Scram%ling &leatorizador +75, 7 BB #rame.
III. ALEATORIZACIÓN DE BITS DE CODIFICACIÓN MODULACIÓN E 7 ;<' *<- * '+'*- <'/ 7,* /*-' 5 , 7,* +*,* +,' 7,* +* 7,* BB#rame ,-,* 7 /7, -','.
!<' 2.4 I-'57,' -* 5,;55 : /,75 9.
C&+*6*/+& FEC A 5 , 7,* BB#rame +',5-* 7 /7, +-5 5,''- * 7* +75 5,;55 !EC (#o'ard Error (orrection ). L 5,;55 !EC -' -7 /' 7 +,*7 5,''<' '','* , ,* -* '5F 7,* 57* ;,'/ +7' 5<, * 7 '5+-,' : Q*- * 7 5'<, '5,*-'' 7 *55 -,* ,'<7. E 7 5,;5,' * '7 5,;55 -' (5, 5<,* BCH) : ,-' K-' 5, LDPC ("o' Density Parity (!ecks). L 5,;55 LDPC * -7 +' ' -,* -,',* ',*,*F +* -7 /-'5* +' 77* 5, +,5,* 7/-,* *--,* 5',.
21
P,*-','/-F 7 *7 *- 7-/ 5,;55F * '7 7-,'5 7,* -*. L 5,;55 BCH * +7 5 , 7,* BB#rame <'' +- +',-55 5,-' '','*.
A5*8'/*4' + 0*5 D+, 7 /,75 -7 (PSF 16AMF 64AMF 206AMF 1%24AMF 4%#6AM)F 5 5,''- -* +',5- 7 7, -',' *' /7-+7K /', -'/, *5,''-*F 7* 57* * ,* 57* +7'* +'77* -7, 7* 5,*-75,* *' /,7*.
IV. GENERACIÓN DE DATA SLICE PAC9ETS C Data Slice *-' ;,'/, +,' 7* 57* 5,/+7* , , ,* #E(#rames. L,* Data Slice Packets 5, !5 slice -+, 1 * * +-', +' 7 *75 7 7 1 : 5/- -'*/- 7,* -,* #E(#rame. P,' ,-', 7,F 7,* D- Slice Packets 5, !5 Slice -+,2 *- ;,'/,* +,' 55' #E(#rame +'/- 7 *5',5 !5 Slice Packets * ;,'/5 5,7.
V. FRAME BUILDER E*- 7, * 7 5'<, /,-' 7* 57* 7 *J/,7, +'/7, : 7* 57* +',5* +,' 5 , 7,* D- Slice /-'5* 57* O!DM 5-*. E7 -', 7 #rame Builder + 7 ;,'/5 +',5 +,' 7 +',<'/,' : 7 5,;<'5 7 *-'5-' frame.
E 7 *<- ;<' * /*-' 7,* 5,-, 7 /7, <'5 Data Slice Packets : 7 /7, #rame Builder .
22
!<' 2.0 D- S75 P5>-* ? !'/ B7' 9.
VI. GENERACIÓN DE OFDM L ;5 *- /7, * 7 5,<' 7* 57* +',5* +,' 7 #rame Builder 5,/, 5,;5-* +' -'*;,'/'7* 7 ,/, ;'557 14.
!<' 2.6 G'5 O!DM 9.
E 7 *<- ;<' * '*/ <'/ 7,* <'7 7 '-5-' 7 **-/ DVB$C2 5, 7* ;5,* *5'-* -','/-
23
!<' 2. D<'/ 7,* <'7 DVB$C2 9.
2.*. DVB-IPTV 2.3.1. DESCRIPCIÓN DVB$IP (, DVB$IPTV , DVB$IPI) * *-' 13 5', +' 7 -'*/* *'5,* /7-/ -'Q* '* IP 5F *, 7,* 5,-,* /+-,* Transport Stream (MPEG2)F 7 /*/, /,, 7, 5J 7 *-' DVB$C.
E*- *-' * 5', +,' DVB /+7*, +,' 7 ETSI 5, 7 ,-, +',5' 7 ' IP +' 7 ;* *'5,* /7-/ 5, 57 7- , 7 /,* 5,5,7F 7 <7 7, 5 7 TDT , 7 *-'5 J *-Q7-F /*F 7<* *,75,* *F +',5 +',-,5,7,* TCPIP -','*.
24
2.3.2. ASPECTOS B:SICOS 2.3.2.1. ELEMENTOS [1$] P&;+& + /&''*+&5 E-* +,*,'* 5,-,* ,*7*. N,'/7/- *, ,+','* -7* , 5 ' ,;'5' ** 5,-,*.
P&;+& + 5;*/*&5 E- +',+,'5, 7 *'5, 7 *', ;7. N,'/7/- * 7 ,+',' 55*, -'-.
R+ + '5& I;'*-'5-' 5'< 5,5-' 7 57- 5, 7 +',,' *'5,*.
DNG & P5- + - + + +*5*0,/*4' E* 7 ',-' ] gate'ay ] 5,;5,' 5'<, 5,5-' 7 ' ,/Q*-5 7 *', 5, 7 ' IP 7 +',,' *'5,*.
R+ L&/R 7 7 *', ;7.
HNED (H& N<&= E'+ D;*/) D*+,*-, (TVF PC , *- -,+ ,K) 5,5-, 7 ' 7,57 5'<, '5' 7,* 5,-,*. E 7 ,5/-, 5,*7-, +' 7 *'',77, *- +'- 7 +',:5-, +'5 7 *<- <'/ /: '+'*--, 7 ;7, *< 7 *7
20
!<' 2.9 E7/-,* -'*/* DVB$IP 10.
2.3.2.2. PERFILES DVB"IP L,* +';7* *, *--* ;5,7* 7 DVB$IPF 5, 5,/+7* ;'-* 5:, ,-, * *-75' *5',* *+7< 5'/-7 7,* *'5,* DVB$IP.
L*; M+* B&+/5> P';7 *5, */7' 7 %roadcast TV. E7 5,-, * , , /- ;7, /7-5*-F +,' 7, , +'/- 7 -'55 5, 7 *', (+*F 'F '-',5'F…) 7 , , /.
M+* B&+/5 <*? T*/= M&+5 : S -'- +';7 /-/- *+',' 7 -','F : +'/- 7 -'55 7 *', 5, 7 5,-, ( trick modes). P' 77,F 7,* 5,-,* *, ,* /- ;7,* 5*-.
C&'' &' D'+ (C&D): P';7 /* , +'/- 7 -75 7,* trick modes /* 7 55*, 7,* 5,-,* , /. U-7 ;7,* J, 5*-.
26
C&'' D&<'-&+ S;*/ (CDS): P';7 +'/- 7 *5'< 5,-,* *+,*-, 7/5/-, 7 HNED -'Q* 5,K IP 5.
2.3.2.3. PROTOCOLOS L,* +',-,5,7,* *' +' *,75,' *' +',7/* -Q55,* +'5 7 ,' 5,*-'' *'5, IPTV : 7 ,;'5 7 *', *'5, <'7 : -'*+'-
C&'6*8,/*4' S, 5*',* 7,* *<-* +',-,5,7,* +' 7 *', -'< 7, /,* +,*7 7 5,;<'5 7 HNED •
DHCP (*<5 -,/-5 '55 IPF DNSF gate'ay ).
•
DNS
•
NTP
M- MLF HTTP : HTTPS * 57: 7 5,-',7 '/,-, 7 HNED : 7 +',* 7 *'5,.
SD@S (D5/,0**'& 5-//*4' +- 5;*/*&) E7 *', *' 5+ '5' : *755,' 7,* *'5,* -7* *+,7 5, 7 HNED. L,* +',-,5,7,* ,75',* 57: ML (P' 7 *5'+5 57* : +',<'/*)F HTTP : DVBSTP +' 7 -'*+,'- MLF RTSP +' 7 55*, 5,-, ** 5*- IGMP +' *755,' 7 *'5, 5, 7 J, * /7-5*-.
T'5& C,**- 7 J, 7,* TS -'Q* 7 ' IPF +, ' /* ,+5,7/- AL$ !EC (5,''55 '','*) : RTP (R-'*/*)F +' 5,*<' /,' 57.
BCG (B&+0'+ C&'' G,*+) S -'- <J +',<'/* : +,' --, +'-5 7 5,-, +',5/-,* '75,, 5, 7 *5'/-, 7 *'5,. U -',5, 7 *-' DVB$IP * *'',77' 5 , 7,* +-,* 7 +'-, -','F , * /* K5- : 57' 5/, 5,*-'' 55' -7* 7 7 /,, -'*+,'- * 7 ' IP.
2
2.3.3. CONFIGURACIÓN E *- +'-, * K+75 7 5,;<'5 7 ' : -,,* 7,* *+,*-,* 7 /*/ 10F ;,'/ 7 5,5-' 7 57 E-'- 7 LAN 7 *', ,-< -,* 7* ;5,* *5* 7 ' ;,'/ -'*+'- : 7 ' <'-5 7 5,''5-, ;5,/-, 7,* *'5,*.
2.3.3.1. SERVIDOR DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ) E* +'- ;/-7 DVB$IPF : 7 '-5-' /'5 7 P',,' S'5, 5,-',7 5,/+7-/- 7,* +'/-',* IP 7 HNED (7 '55 IPF 7 +*'7F 7 ,/' 7 ,/,F 7 *',' DNSF : 7 *',' NTP). A/*F DVB$IP -7 DHCP 7 ,+5 !ORCERENE^F +' ;,'' ;,'/ '/,- 7 ',5 7 '55 IP 7 HNED .
2.3.3.2. SERVIDOR DNS (Domain Name System) E DVB$IPF DNS , *' *7, +' 7 '*,75 '55,* +'-' 7 ,/' 7 ,*-F *, -/Q - ++7 5,/, +',,' +-, -' SD?SF -'Q* 7* -'* SRV.
2.3.3.3. SERVIDOR NTP ( Network Time Protocol ) E* 5*', +' *<'' 7 5,''5- '+',55 7,* 5,-,* +',+,'5,, 7 HNED *'5, *5',J 5, +'5* 0% /*.
2.3.3.#. PROVISIÓN DEL SERVICIO DVB$IP ; 5,-, ,+'5,* 5,-',7 '/,-, 7 HNED ,/, )et'ork Pro*isioningF : +'/- ,+'5,* 5,/, *5'< '/,- firmwareF '5, '/,-, 7
HNEDF 5,*7-*5'-' 7 5,;<'5 7 -'/7F -5. L* -'*55,* * ;5- /- ,5/-,* ML -'*+,'-,* *,' HTTP , HTTPS.
2.3.#. SD@S (DESCUBRIMIENTO SELECCIÓN DEL SERVICIO) E *- +'-, * *5' 7,* /5*/,* -7,* +' 5,,5' 7,* *'5,* DVB *+,7*F * *755 : 7 -'*+,'- 7* -7* SDI 10.
2.3.#.1. INFORMACIÓN DE SERVIDE DISCOVER SD?S * 7 /5*/, +',+,'5, 7,* /,* +' 7 *5'/-, 7,* *'5,* DVB$ IPTV : +,'- 7 *', 7 ;,'/5 5*' +' Q*- < * 755 : + 55' 7,* 5,-,* *755,,*. E*-* 7*-* *'5,* 77< -,,* 7,* *',* -'Q* 7,* Ser*ice Disco*ery RecordsF ;,'/-,* ML
29
•
SD+S Ser*ice Pro*ider Record -'*+,'- ;,'/5 *,' 7,* SPs ,;'5 *'5,*
DVB$IPTV 7 ' : 7 7,575 5,* SPs, •
SD+S Broad%and (ontent uide Record * 7 /, +' *5'' 7 7,575 7*
<J* '5* -+, BCG 5,- 7,* *'5,* *+,7*F : * "i*e Media Broadcast , V, , /. •
SD+S Package Disco*ery Record 5,- ;,'/5 *,' *'5,* <'+,* 5,/,
*,7 -. •
SD+S Broadcast Disco*ery Record : ,* -+,* o
TS #ull SI 5,- 7 ;,'/5 5*' +' 5,-'' 7,* *'5,* "i*e Media Broadcast 5,* /- 7* -7* Ser*ice Information SI.
MPEGF +'*-* 7* -'*/*,* DVB. o
TS /ptional SI */7' 7 -','F 5, 7 *7 +',+,'5, /*
;,'/5 7 *',. L,* ,5/-,* * <' -,/-5/- +,' +'- /7, *'',77, +' *- ; ($K/7$-,'.5) - 7 SD&S Broadcast Disco*ery Record (: * -+, TS #ull SI , TS /ptional SI)F K-':, 7 ;,'/5 *,' 7,* *'5,* "i*e Media Broadcast 7* -7* Ser*ice Description Ta%le : Bou0uet &ssociation Ta%le SIF '5* 7,* /7-+7K DVB$TS
: K-'J* 5, 7* +755,* scan : d*%snoop 7 DVB API.
2.3.#.2. TRANSPORTE DE LA INFORMACIÓN SD@S EK*- ,* ;,'/* 7 *', + *' +' ,-' 7,* SD?S D*5,': R5,'* •
Pull Mode 7 *', + K+7J5-/- 7 SD&S Disco*ery Record ' '5'.
P' 77, * -7 7 +',-,5,7, HTTP : 7 -'*+,'- * unicast *,' TCP. •
Pus! Mode 7 SP J +'5/- 7 SD?S Disco*ery R5,' J multicast ( /,,
5''*7) : 7 *', - *7, '* 7,* <'+,* multicast , * J 7,* R5,'*. P' 77, * -7 +',-,5,7, ,F DVBSTP (DVB SD?S Transport Protocol ) +- 7,* ,5/-,* ML +' * -'*+,'- *,' UDP. DVBSTP +',+,'5, 5/+,* +'/- *+5;5' 7 -+, '5,' ML -'*+,'-,X 7,* /',* -;55F *55 : ;'
2#
2.3.#.3. SELECCIÓN P,' *755 * - 77 +'- SD?S 7 7 *', ;7 *5,< 7 *'5, * '5'. EK*- ,* /Q-,,* *755 ;5 7 /,, pull , pus! •
RTSP (R7 T/ S-'/< P',-,5,7) +' 5,-, 7 -+, , , / /,, +77 /- URL 7 -+, rtsp344direcci5n6IP4contenido7 : 7 7,<, RTSP *,' TCP.
•
IGMP (Internet roup Management Protocol ) +' "i*e Media Broadcast /,, pus!. L 5 ,+'5 5*' * '* 7 <'+, multicast 7 * -'*/- 7 ;,'/5F 5: '55 * -'/, /- 7 SD&S Disco*ery Record .
P' 7 /,, pus! *- 5, '' sockets multicast F /-'* 7 /,, pull K< 7 -<'5 7''J RTSP , *',' streaming -+, D'= -<' *75 RTSP.
2.3.$. TRANSPORTE DE CONTENIDOS DVB E*- +'- * 5-' 7 -'*+,'- 7,* 5,-,* DVB *,' '* IP : 7,* +',-,5,7,* ,75',*F *J 5,/, 7,* /Q-,,* +',-55 : 5,''55 '','* 10.
2.3.$.1. CONTENIDO PROTOCOLOS DE TRANSPORTE DVB$IP ; 7 -'*+,'- ;7,* MPEG$2 *,' Transport Stream (TS) /- ,* /,7* -'< IPUDPRTPTS , '5-/- IPUDPTSF * RTP. L,* +-* TS '5,* 7,* /7-+7K DVB *, * 7,<- ; (199 :-*) : 7/+,*F 7 *-, '7* *+,, -,,* 7,* 5/+,* '75,,* 5, 7 5,''55 '','* 7,* **-/* -'*/* DVB (+,' /+7,F 7 5<, 7, Reed $ Solomon (2%4F199) -7 DVB$TSC). E ;5 7 MTU 7 ' 5+ 2 * *-Q -7,F * 5/7 --,* +-* TS 5,/, * 5*',* +' 77' 7 -<'/F *<, 7 5'-', -7 -' -, 5,*- 7 ;'
2.3.$.2. CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES E +'5+,F 7 -'*+,'- DVB$IP * '7' *,' '* 5, 57 *'5, 7 -+, S'5,* D;'5,* ( DiffServ). S /'<,F +*-, , */+' *' +,*7 ( 57*, * 7, *F : , DiffSer* *7, ,;'5 57 *'5, *-J*-5 : , *-'5-)F + '* +Q'* -<'/*. P' +',-<' 7 ;,'/5 MPEG$2 *-* +Q'* * +',+, 7 *, ,+5,7 5,755 -Q55* 5,''55 '',' 7 +755 (+,' 5/ 7 5+ -'*+,'-) DVB$IP ,/ AL$!EC. _*- * 7* ,* /* /+,'--* ;* DVB$IP. AL$!EC +',-< 7,* -,* 5', , , /* ;7,* !ECF +-* 7 ;7, 7,* -,* +',-<,F *<, */ /7-5+. C 5+ 5,7 '' ;7, RTP (: RTCP) +'-,* UDP 5'5-*. D *- /'F * : 57-* , *,+,'- AL$!ECF +,' *<' '5, 7,* 5,-,* 7 5+ * <,' 7,* ;7,* !EC 5,7*. •
C+ * * 5<, */+7 7 -+, +' -'7, +-* ( packet%ased interlea*ed parity code)F ;, +,' SMPTE ( Society of Motion Picture and Tele*ision Engineers) 1%X *- 7 * ,7<-,', * * * AL$!ECF : * -'*+,'- 7
+'-, W2F * -,//,* 5,/, +'-, 7 7 ;7, RTP * +',-<'. L,* +'-,* /+'* * '*' +' RTCP. •
C+ /,' *- 7 * ,+5,7 : -7 5<,* #ountain 7 -+, Raptor . S -'- 5<,* 5,,75,7* /: ,* : +,--*F * -'*+,'- 5, RTP 7,* +'-,* W4F W6F -5. E*- +'- , 7 /,* /+7/-, -,J .
2.3.$.3. IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL FEC SMPTE E7 !EC * ;, +,' SMPTE 5,**- 7 5757, +' /-' -'7, 7 5,-, -7 7,* +-* RTPF <', *J/,7,* '+'5 ( repair symbolsF 7,* -,* !EC) /- ,+'5 OR (OR K57*,) - - -' <'+, *J/,7,* ;- (source sym%olsF 7,* 5,-,* -7* RTP). S <' *J ;7, RTP ;- ( source flo' ) 77 7,* source sym%olsF : ;7, '+'5 ( repair flo' ) +,' *+',. L !<' *<- 7*-' 7 */ *5'-, +' 7 5*, /-' /*,7 L 5,7/* +,' D ;7*F , 5 +,*5 5,''*+, 7 5'< -7 +- RTPF : * <' +- !EC +,' 5 ;7 , 5,7/F 5, -,-7 LWD +-* '+'5.
31
!<' 2.# E-'7, 2D 10.
2.3.. BROADBAND CONTENT GUIDE (BCG) C, 7 77< 7 -7* <-7 : * /+7 ,;'- *'5,* * 5 5*' 7 -75 7< /, +'/- /,*-'' 7 *', 7,* /7-+7* 5,-,* /7-/ + *7'F *J 5,/, 5'- ;,'/5 *,' *-,*F +,' /+7,F *,+**F /,/-, /*F ;,'/-, , : ,F -5. E*- *'5, ;,'/5 * 5,,5 5,/, EPG ( Electronic Program Guide) 10F : * 7 * -'*+,'- 7* -7* Service Information (SI) DVB.
S /'<,F /* *- ;5,7F EPG ,;'5 <' 5, +,*7* 5,/'57*F 5,/, 7 +'*,75 /* +-,* 5 *', *,* ** +';'5* , 7 7,'5 *-J*-5* *,' 7 ;,'/ 7,* 5,*/,'* -7 7,* *'5,*F + *' -'Q* +' 7 *'',77, ,* 5,-,*. S *-, * 7 5,'<5 7 -7* 5 , ,/, 7 TV 5, I-'-F 7* +,*7* *, ;-*. S+,</,* +',,' *'5,* *- /-, +7J57 -'/. A/* 7,* -,* -7* *,' *,+**F 5-,'*F '5-,'F…F 7 EPG +,'J /,*-'',* 75 7 ;7/,<';J 7 5-,'F +'/-',* 5,/+'' 7J ,-'* +7J57* 7 /*/, 5-,' , **5'',* <'+, +' '5' ,-5* *,' +'K/* /*,* 7< ** +7J57*. E*-, +'/- 7 *'',77, ,* /,7,* <,5, +' 7,* ,+','* TV *,* *'5,* ,,'* -'5-,*F 5,/, +,' /+7, 7 +,*7 5,/-' 5, ,-',* -'-* -'/,* 5,-,* *- *, 32
/-,* , , '7' ,-5,* +,' +'- 7,* -7*+5-,'*. BCG ( Broadband Content Guide) * 7 +'- 7 *-' DVB$IP 5 ;' 7* *+5;55,* +' 7
/+7/-5 <J 5,-,* EPG '5 * -'*+,'- *,' ' IP '55,7. P* ;,'/' +'- 7 *-' DVB$IP : *' -'*+,'- *,' ' IPF +,'J *' -7 +' *5'' 5,-,* -'*/-,* *,' 57' -+, ' (IPF DVB$TSC).
2.3..1. RELACION BCG CON AN"TIME S< '5,< TV$A:-/ * +< = TV$A:-/ !,'/ * *,55 ,'<5,* 5:, ,-, * *'',77' *+5;55,* +'/- 7 7/5/-, <-7 *'5,* ,*7* : ,-', -+,F +7-;,'/* *',F *,* 7 /'5, /** 16. TV$A:-/ !,'/ *-75, 5-', ,-,* ;/-7* +' 7 *,55F *, •
D;' *+5;55,* +'/- 7* +755,* K+7,-' 7 7/5/-, 7,57 +7-;,'/* 75-'5* *',.
•
E7 ;,', * +- 7 ' 5, '*+5-, 7,* /,* +' 7 *-'5 5,-,* 7,* +,* 75-'5,* 5,*/,'.
•
D*'',77' *+5;55,* +' **-/* 5,/+-7* -<',*F * 7,* 5','*+',,'* 5,-,*F *- 7,* 5,*/,'*F +*, +,' 7,* +',,'* *'5,*.
•
E*+5;5' 7* *-'5-'* *<' 5*'* +' +',-<' 7,* -'** -,* 7* +'-* ,75'*.
A*J +* 7 *-' BCG ; *' '*-'55,* *,' 7* *+5;55,* TV$A:-/ 7* * *.
2.3..2. AR%UITECTURA BCG ,;'5 ,* +,*7* +' 7 -'*/* - '*/* -,* •
U-75 /5*/, *, 5,-'*F -'*/-,* /,, /7-5*- , 5*-.
•
M- /5*/, 5,*7-*F +'5* 57 '55,7F +,' 7, 7 -'*+,'- *' 5*-.
2.3..3. TIPOS DE SERVICIO FUNCIONALIDADES L,* *'5,* /--,* TV$A:-/ + *' 57*;5,* 5 7*;5,* ,* -+,*
33
•
R5+'5 -,* E7 57- *,75- ;,'/5 *,' -'/, *'5,.
•
EJ, /--,* *', EJ, *-,'7 *, 7 57- 7 +',,' *'5,*.
BCG 5,-/+7 * *-' 5/- ,* ,+'5,* 7* ;* +,' TV$A:-/ get6Data y su%mit6DataF * 5,''*+, 5, 7,* -+,* ,+'5 '5+'5 -,* :
J, /--,* 7 *',F '*+5-/-. A/*F +' 5 *-* ,* ,+'5,* * ; 7 5,''*+,- ,+'5 *5'+5 descri%e6get6Data : descri%e6su%mit6DataF 5: ;5 * 7 +',+,'5,' ;,'/5 *,' 7* 5+5* 7
+',,' '*+5-, 7* -7* -,* 7* *+, +' *' 5,*7-*F 7/-,* *,' 7,* * + '7' *F ;,'/5 * 7 *', 7 JF... P,' --, 7,* +*,* *<' 7 5,*7- *'5, BCG *, 7,* *<-* 1. D*5'/-, 7 *'5, /- SD?S. 2. O-5 7* 5+5* ;5,7 7 *',' /- 7 J, /* *5'`,+'5. 3. U-75 7 *'5, /--,*.
34
CAPÍTULO * +U,TIICACIÓN DE LA OPCIÓN ELEIDA T'5,7/-F 7 -',57 7* ,+','* -7* * ;,'/ +,' ' ATM. S /'<,F 5, 7 +*, 7,* ,* : 7 5 7 -5,7,
M,'* '*,* '='. L* -';5* *,' E-'- *, 9 13 5* /* ;5-* 5,*-* 7* *,75,* *,' ATM , *,' SDHSONET. A/*F 7* 5,,/J* *57 +'/- '5' -' 3%\ : 0%\ 7 +'5, 7 7,* 5,/-,'* E-'-. L *577 *- *,75F +'/- '-' ;'*-'5-' / 5'5 7 * 57-*F * /* /5, /:,'.
•
M,'* '*,* *-75F ,+'5 : /-/-,. E-'- * -5,7,
30
•
M:,' 5+5 -<'5. L,* DSLAM *,* E-'- ,5+ /,* *+5, : 5,*/ /,* '
•
A7-* 7,5*. U 7* *-* -'5,7* IP ATM , SDHSONET ' 7 /,' 7,5 7* -';5* 7 ' -',57. H,: JF * /'<,F E-'- ,;'5 7,5* -J+5* ' -',57F 75, *-,* /,/-,* *- 1% G+* (IEEE 9%2.3). A/*F 7 5, 7 ' E-'- * 5,/+'-, /* ;5-/- +,' 7,* *',* ;7*F 5,-'+,*5 7,* **-/* ATMF , 7 *<5 5, * /5, /* *--5.
•
R,*-F ;7 : +',-55. P' +,' *,'+,'* '+ : -,/-5/- ;77,* -'-*F ,,* , 75*F * 5*', 5,-' 5, +,* : -5,7,
•
S<'. L* '* -75,/55 */+' *, **5+-7* *' -5* K-' , -'/-F 5, 7 ; ,-' ;,'/5 5,;57F 7/' +',<'/* , ;,'/5F : */' 7 57 7 *'5,. L* '* -'5,7* E-'- * * ',5*-F ;'5 ATMF *- ,'- 5'5-,*. P',F 5-7/-F E-'- ,;'5 ',* /5*/,* +' *+'' 7,* ;'-* -+,* -';5,F 5,/, 7* VLAN (Virtual "ocal &rea )et'orks) *-'* 7 IEEE 9%2.1F *<', 7 +'5 -<' 7 -';5, -'*+,'-, 5 *',. O-',* /5*/,* *<' *, 7 -;55 7,* *',* ;7* 5-, +'-, : 7J /+7,*F 7 *, '55,/-, ('55,* MAC) '-7F ;7-', '55,* IP ;7**F -5.
•
C7 *'5,. L ;5 ;'-* 57** 57 *'5, , ,S ( 8uality of Ser*ice) +'/- ' +',' 77,* *'5,* F +,' /+7,F *, /* **7*
7 '-', : +Q' +-*. E*-, *<' 7* +755,* /* **7* : /,' '/'* '5 /:,' +',' 5*, 5,<*- 7 '. •
G*- : *+'* *. C, E-'- * 7/- 7* '* 7 ,<' : ,;5* ''J +,5, -', +',* : *+'* 7 '. P,' 77,F 7 /,/-, /+ +-'* 7* <'* '* -75,/55F K*-J 5'5 ''/-* <*- *. E 7 5-7F * /'<,F
36
K*- ''/-* <*- : *+'* '* E-'- 5+5* <*-,' ;77,*F '/-,F *<' : 5,;<'5X +',*,' VLANX *<' *'5,* 7,* *--,* *',*X **-' 7 <'J 7 -';5, : K+* ;-'F -5. P,' ,-', 7,F -/Q * /+7 -5,7,%&#+ $!%&''*& +! IP F * /'<,F 5 55' , 'J /*, -' 7* ;'-* -5,7,
3
CAPÍTULO / CABECERA DE TELEVI,IÓN POR CABLE E *- +'-, * *-' +',; 7 55' -7*F 7* ;** +,' 7* +* 7 *7 *- * J, 5 7,* *--,* *+,*-,* '5+-,'* : 7,* +,* 5*',* *5,* 7 55'.
#.1 ES%UEMA GENERAL E 7 */ * /*-' 5,-5 * 5 ;,'/ /: <'7 +*,* : +,' +',5*,* +* 7* *--* *7*F * *, '5* *- * J, 5 7 ,<' 7 *',. E 7 */ * '+'*- 7 '5+5 7,* 57* 1F2 *- N : 7 +',5*, *< -', 7 55' *- *, +'+',* +' * J,.
#.1.1. RECEPCIÓN C , 77,* * '5 -'Q* '5+-,' (R) +,' *' *--, -+,. L 5,;55 5, 57 + 7 ;- 7 +',5 : 7 '5+-,' *' 5'<, /* '5'7,F *5,;5'7,.
#.1.2. CODIFICACIÓN U ,- 7 *7 7 57 * <-7 (SDI)F * +',5 5,;5'7 7 ;,'/-, * * (,'/7/- MPEG$2 , MPEG$4).
39
#.1.3. MULTIPLEACIÓN C, 7 *7 , : 5,;5 , 7,* ,* ;,'/-,* MPEGF /7-+7K,' *' 7 5'<, /57' -,* 7* *7* : -,* 5*',* +' 5,;,'/' 7 57 5,/+7-,. A/*F 7 /7-+7K,' -' -' *< +' -,*. E-' *-,* -,* * 57: 7 <J +',<'/5 (EPG) : 7* -7* 5,;,'/ 7 TS *7F 7* 57* *, /+'*57* +' 7 5,''5- 5,;55 7,* +',<'/* 7 *-$-,+$,K 7 *',. A 7 *7 7 /7-+7K,' * -' Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS). S ,/ */+7 +,' *- ;,'/, +,' - *,7, +',<'/ 5,/, 5 * ,/'. P,' 7, --,F * -' --,* SPTS 5,/, 57* * '5 7 55'. A 5,-5F *' /7-+7K,'* ' 5,;,'/, 7,* Multiple Program Transport Stream (MPTS)F *' -'*+,'- *-'/ ;,'/,* +,' ',* SPTS. C, * S-$-,+$,K
7 *', 7< 7 '5+5 57F * -,, * MPTS 7, * 7 J -'Q* 7 'F * 5'F 7 57 7< : -,,* 77,* 5,;,'/ 7 MPTS 7 * 5-' 7 *755,,. E*-, * *J +' ,+-/5 7 5, F ;,'/ , * -< '7' 5,-* +-5,* 5 * 5/ 57.
3#
!<3'( 4.1C E*23/( 5(D5'( 6 -7G*)
4%
#.1.#. E%UIPOS REDUNDANTES (BAC9"UP) E 7 ;<' -',' +,/,* ' 7 +',5*, *< 7,* 57* 1F 2 *- NF +', : -' 5- 7 *-'5-' 5 57 *-'F 7 /,*F +75 +' 5 , 77,*. E*-, * *JF +,' * * +',5 '',' 7<, 7,* +,* * 5*', K*- 7 /,* , '*' + 5,-' 5, 7 5 : , * ;5- 7 /*.
#.2. RECEPCIÓN L -+ '5+5 -', 55' -7* * 5'<' '5' -,,* 7,* 57* * : +',5*'. EK*- '* ;,'/* '5' 7,* 57* -7* * : +',5*'F +,' --,F 7 55' ' +-'* 7,* *--,* /,* J, +' +,' '5' 57* +',5 /,* -'*/* ;'-*. L,* /,,* '5+5 +,*7* *, 7,* *<-* R5+5 +,' *-Q7-F '5+5 +,' TDTF '5+5 +,' 57 : '5+5 * 5,- (*-, -7*). L 5,;55 7 *7 '5F ;'' ;5 7 /, +,' 7 * '5F +* +, 7 -+, -'*/* 7 *7 * 5,;5 ;,'/ ,-'. S /'<,F -', 7 55'F 7 ;,'/-, 7 *7 *' 7 /*/,F +,' 7, -,,* 7,* 57* '5,* * 5,'- *7 * <-7 (SDI) +' +,*-','/- *' 5,;5,*.
#.2.1. TIPO DE SEÑAL EN FUNCIÓN DE LA RECEPCIÓN C,/, * 5,/-, 7 +'-, -','F +, 7 /,, '5+5F 7 *7 '5 ' 5,;5 ;,'/ ,-'. E *- +'-, * -'- *+5;5' Q ;,'/ *- 5,;5 *7 +' 5 , 7,* 5*,* •
R5+5 +,' *-Q7- S< 7 *-' DVB$S 7 *7 -'*/- +,' *-Q7- * *7 5,;5 MPEG$2 , MPEG$4 : /,7 PS. N, ,*--F DVB$S2 7- ',* */* /,75 (PSF 9PSF 16APS : 32 APS).
•
R5+5 +,' TDT S< 7 *-' DVB$T 7 *7 -'*/- +,' -''*-' ' 5,;5 MPEG$2 *, /,75 CO!DM.
•
R5+5 +,' 57 L *7 'J /,7 -7, /,75 64$AM. 41
•
R5+5 +,' 5,- S7 +',5- *-, -7*. L *7 +',5 * <-7 (SDI).
#.2.2. EL RECEPTOR C,/, * 5,/-, -','/-F +' +',5*' 7 *7 '5 -', 7 55'F * 5*', /,7'7F ;,'/ -,* 7* *7* 5,/+'- /*/, ;,'/-,. E7 '5+-,'F /* '7' 7 ;5 '5' 7 *7F '7 7 +-'7 : 5'7 7 55'F * 5'F 7 ;5 5,;5,' : /,7,'. C, -','F * K+75, 7 *7 * 5,'- SDI +' +,*-','/- *' 5,;5 7 ;,'/-, * *F * /'<,F K*- '5+-,'* /* ,;'5' *7 SDIF ,;'5 *7* *7 ,-',* ;,'/-,*. N, ,*--F *- -/ + 7* 5'5-'J*-5* 5 +,F +,' 7, +' * /* <'7 * 5,5' 5,/, '5+-,'F /,7,' : 5,;5,' +,' *+',. A*JF +,*-','/-F * 5,;<' 7 *7 /,, ,-', +, 7* 5'5-'J*-5* 7 55'. N,'/7/-F 7,* '5+-,'*F ,;'5 /* *7* SDIF *7* ASI
19F
7* 57* *,
*7* -'*+,'- MEPG T'*+,'- S-'/F +,' 7, *, *7* : 5,;5*. L - Q*-* 5, '*+5-, 7* SDI * * -'- *7 5,;5 (,'/7/- ;,'/, TS MPEG$2)F +,' 7, 7 5, ,5+ * /,' *7 SDI.
42
#.2.3. ES%UEMA REPRESENTATIVO U K+75 7 -+ '5+5F * '+'*- <'/ /* *7 7, *5'-, -','/-
!<' 4.2 E*/ -+ '5+5
#.3. CODIFICACIÓN E *- -+ 5 57 +* -'Q* 5,;5,'F ;,'/ 7 *7 7 /*/,F 7 +',<'/ 5,;5, *< 7 5,;<'5 : 7* 5'5-'J*-5* 7 +,. E*- ;* * /: /+,'--F +* 77 * 7< : * 5,;<' 7 -+, *7 5, 7 * -'' -+* +,*-','* 7 55'. A/*F * J , * 7<' 5,;55 : 5,/+'* * ,-,'< 7,* +',<'/* +,*-','/- * J 7 *',. 43
P*-, 7 55' * 5,*-': *- +',:5-, 5/+7' 5, 7,* *-'* DVB : /* *'J 7<5, * +-' , /+7/-' 7* -5,7,
#.3.1. CODIFICACIÓ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
T7 4.1 C,/+'5 -' MPEG $2 " H.264 1#.
C%!%$"!@'$%'
MPE< =2
.264
F!%"' I, P, B
SJ
SJ
C+#%*&
H;;/
H;;/ , '-/Q-5
T%%+ #"- -+/"
16 K 16
V'7 (4 K 4 $ 16 K 16)
R"'+-/*& #"- /%!$+ @"-
N,
SJ
F-$!+ #"-+&7
N,
SJ
P!"#*& #" +?"&$+
N,
SJ
N,
SJ
P!"#*& +&#"!%#%
N,
SJ
C+&/$%*& #" 87"&"'
N,
SJ
C+%!%*& #" $!%$"
1%%\
4%\
%'%#% "& '-"' F!%"' +& !""!"&%' -$-"'
S< * + *7' 7 -7F H.264 * 7-'- +' 5,;5' 7,* +',<'/* 7 55' +,' 7, *<- •
H.264 * *-' 5', +'-' ,-',* -','* +', 5, +!$%&$"' "0+!%' 5,/, 7* /5,* 7 -7.
•
A,'', /+,'-- %itrate '*+5-, ,-',* *-'* (;%'$% 5G)F /-, 7 /*/ 57 /<.
•
M,' 57 /< /-, 7 /*/ !"-%*& S9N.
S /'<,F -/Q : -' 5- 7,* +,* *' /5, /* +,--* : +,' --, /* 5',*F : •
L 5,/+7 7 5,;5,' $!-% 7 7,* -','* *-'*.
•
L 5,/+7 7 5,;5,' #/-% 7 7,* -','* *-'*.
P,' 7, --,F 7 5,;55 H.264 -' 5,*<, '* /:,' +/-, +', <' ,'', 5, .
40
#.3.2. CODIFICACIÓN VBR CBR (onstant Bit Rate (CBR) T* -* 5,*--.
V'7 B- R- (VBR) T* -* '7. A 7 ,' 5,;5' 7,* +',<'/*F * -' 5- 7 5,/+7 -,,* 77,* : 7* /<* 5 , , * */+' 7 /*/. E* +,' *, *'< 7 +,*7 *<' 5 /< %itrate ;'- *< * 5,/+7 (VBR). A*JF * 'J *, /* ',7 : +',5, 7 5, . P,' 7 5,-'',F * * 7< 7 ,+5 5,;5' 7,* 57* 5, CBRF -,* 7* /<* 7 57 * 7* 5,5 7 /*/ /+,'-5 : +,' --, 7 /*/ 5- -*F +-/- 7 5,/+7 7 /<. L* -* 7 +'/' ,+5 * +' +',<'/* 5, /<* */+7*F , 5*- /5 ;,'/5 +' 7 *', 7* *75 5, 57 5F * + /+7' -* -* /,'F : *-,* -* '*--* , *, *,*F * + +',5' +' /<* 5, /5, /,/-, , '' /:,' 57 +' * 5,''5- *75. D *- /'F +',<'/* 5,/, -,* +,'-,* , ,5/-7* -'J *<, 5, /:,' +',<'/* 5, /<* /* ;*. E*-, * -'5'J /,' 57 +' 7* /<* 5*- /:,' 57 5, +,*7/- -/, , /,' 7 5,;5' 5, CBR. E*- /+7, * +,'J K-'+,7' *,7, +',<'/F 7 57F -', 5,-, /<*F * (7* /* 5,/+7*)F ' *, -* -* /:,' ,-'*. L* *-* 5,;5' 5, VBR * 7 5,/+7 7 5,;55$5,/+'* * /:,' +' CBRF +* 7 5,;5,' 5*- 7' 7 /< +' *<'7 7 /', -* 5,. L ;<' *<- /*-' 7 5,K -'* 5,;5,'* 5, 7 /7-+7K,' * 5'< -'7* *,7, MPTS. A 5,-5 * K+75 /,, /+7, 7 5-5 -' 5,;5,'* : /7-+7K,' +' 5 , 7,* 5*,* (CBRF VBR).
46
!<' 4.3. E/+7, 5,K 5,;5,'* $ /7-+7K,'.
C&+*6*//*4' CBR E 5*, '7' 5,;55 CBRF 7 *7 7 /7-+7K,' * ,-'J /7-+7K5 -- '+'-, 7 5, *+,7 -' 7 /', 57* -' 7 /7-+7K,'. E7 '*7-, *'J 7 *<-
!<' 4.4. S7 /7-+7K,' 5, 5,;55 CBR
C&+*6*//*4' VBR S 7 5,K 7 ;<' 4.3 * '7 5,;55 VBR 7 +',5*, * /* 5,/+7, : * '7'J 7, *<-
4
•
C , 7,* 5,;5,'* 7 7 5,/+7 7 /< ;,'/ 7 /7-+7K,'.
•
E7 /7-+7K,' *55 7 ;,'/5 5,/+7 -,,* 7,* 57*F *< 5, ;,'/ 7,* 5,;5,'*.
•
L,* 5,;5,'* 5,/+'/ 7 , 7 5, *<, : -'*/- 7 -'/ 7 /7-+7K,'.
U /+7, 7 '*7-, * ,-'J *'J 7 *<-
!<' 4.0. S7 /7-+7K,' 5, 5,;55 VBR
P,' --,F *< 7* ;<'* 4.4 : 4.0F +'5 - 7 *-- ;,'/ *-'' 7 5, : 7 ;'- /+,'-5 * 7 5 7* /<* ;5 * 5,/+7.
#.3.3. E%UIPOS NECESARIOS EN LA ETAPA DE CODIFICACIÓN E 7 -+ 5,;55 *,7, K*- +, 5*', /+'*57F 7 5,;5,'. P' 5 , 7,* 57* * : -'*/-'F ' -7'* 5,;5,' -'*;,'/ 7 *7 7 ;,'/-, *,. S /'<,F 5,/, ,-'* -+*F * 5,- -7' +,* '*' +' *<'' -'*/* * '','*. P,' --,F +,'J -7'* 5,;5,' +' 5 , 7,* 57* * '5F * 5'F 5,;5,' +' 7 57 +'5+7 : ,-', 5,;5,' +' 5 , 7,* 57* '-* * '5 +' -'*/-' 5*, 7 +'5+7 ;77'. D *- ;,'/F * 5,;5,' 5*' 7< +',7/F 7 55' *<' 7 *7 57 Q-5, -'Q* ,-', 5,;5,' '*'.
#.#. MULTIPLEACIÓN L -+ /7-+7K5 * +',7/- 7 -+ /* 5,/+7 55' -7*. E 77F * 5,;,'/ 5 , 7,* 57* * : -'*/-' +'-' 7 *7 ,F , : -,* 5,''*+,-* * +',<'/. 49
E7 /7-+7K,' * 7 *+,*-, -,', 7 57 <' *- -+. E*- 5,/+*-, +,' '* -'* : *7. S /5*/, -', * 7 5,;,'/' *,7 -'/ *7 7 7* *--* *7* -'. E *- 5*, ** -'* '5' 7* *7* ,F , : -,* +',<'/ : * *7F +',+,'5,' 5 -'/ (SPTS) 5,- 7 +',<'/ 5,/+7-, 5, -,,* ** 7/-,*. U 5,;,'/,* -,,* 7,* SPTSF ,-',* /7-+7K,'* '5 ** -'* ',* *-,* SPTSF +',+,'5,, * *7 MPTSF ;,'/, +,' 5 , 7,* +',<'/* 7 77< * -'. E*-,* MPTS *, 7,* +,*-','/- * 7 -'*/- 7 *',.
#.#.1. FORMACIÓN DE LOS SPTS C,/, * 5,/-, 7 +'';, -','F 7 +'/' +*, 7 /7-+7K5 * 7 5'5 7,* *--,* +',<'/* (SPTS) +'-' 7* *--* +* 7,* 5,/+, (,F , : -,*)F ;,'/,* 7 *7 5 -'/ -,* 5,-< 7 +',<'/ 5,/+7-, * : -'*/-'. S /'<,F 5, *+5;5' 5,- 5 *-* *7* 77< 7 -' 7,* /7-+7K,'*.
V*+& L *7 , '5 7 /7-+7K,' * 7 *7 +',5- 7 -+ 5,;55 5,/- 7 *55 -','. P,' --,F * *- +-, , /* 7 /7-+7K,' '7 7 *<5 5, 7* /<* 5, * '7 7 5,;55 VBR. L *7 ,F 5/- -'*+,'- 7 *55 /<* 5,/+, 7 +',<'/F 5,;5* 7 ;,'/-, 7<, : 5, 7 5,/+'* *< +'/- +,' 7 /7-+7K,'.
A,+*& E7 /7-+7K,'F -/Q ' '5' * -' 7 *7 , *7* , 7* + *55'* 7 +',<'/. U +',<'/ *+,' , , ',* ,* ;5 7,* ,/* 7,* *-Q *+,7. P,' ,-', 7,F *-* *7* , '5 7 /7-+7K,' * -'F : 77<' 5,;5* ;,'/-, , 7, : 5,/+-7 5, 7 *-' MPEG 7 /*/, /,, * 5,;5 : +',5* 7 *7 ,. A*J +*F /+7, *-, *'J 7 *<-. S *+, * *- '7, 7 /7-+7K5 7 +',<'/ A- 3F 7 57 *- *+,7 5-', ,/* 5*-77,F 5-7F *>' : <77<,. P* F 7* *7* 7 /7-+7K,' '5'J * -' 4#
*'J 5-', *7* , *--*F 5,;5* : * /'J 7 , +' 5,*<' SPTS : +,' '7' 7 -'*/*.
D&5 A/* 7* *7* , : , 77< 7 /7-+7K,'F 7 SPTS 5*- -7* -,* ;,'/ 5'5 7 5,-, -'*+,'- : 7 ,'<5 -,/ 5 ;,'/5 -', 7 SPTS. P' 7 5,;5,' + ,'-'* -' 7 ' +',<'/* -', Transport Stream -7 -7* ,/* PSI (Program Specific Infomartion). E*-* -7*
*, -',5* -', 7 -'/ -'*+,'-F ;,'/, Elementary Streams -7 : 5,/, 7, 5 7,* -,* , : ,F ;,'/ 5 77* 7 5,''*+,' PID *,5, 5,. D *- ;,'/F 5, 7 5,-, 5 7* -7* 7 5,;5,' *' K-'' -,* 5,''*+, 5 , 7,* +',<'/*. P,' ,-', 7, * 5-' 7* -7* SI (Service Information). D, 7 <' 5- *'5,* ,*7* * -'*/- 5-7/-F * 5*' 7 -75 7< /, +'/- /,*-'' 7 *', 7,* /7-+7* 5,-,* /7-/ + *7'F *J 5,/, 5'- ;,'/5 *,' *-,*F 5,/, +,' /+7,F *,+**F /,/-, /*F ;,'/-, , : ,F -5. E*- *'5, ;,'/5 * 5,,5 5,/, EPG ( Electronic Program Guide)F : * 7 * -'*+,'- 7* -7* (SI) DVB. D-', 7* -7* PSI * 5-' 7* *<-* •
PAT (Program Association Table ) E* ,7<-,'. S/+' - 7 PID %K%%. I5 +' 5 +',<'/ 7 TS 7 '75 -' 7 /', +',<'/ : 7 PID 7 -7 *+5;5 7,* 5,/+,-* 5, +',<'/ (PMT). P,' --,F * +',+ MPTSF * 7 TS -'*+,'- ',* +',<'/*.
•
PMT (Program Map Table ) E* ,7<-,' : : +,' +',<'/. I5 7,* 5,/+,-* 7,* +',<'/* +'*-* TSF * 5'F *,5 5 +',<'/ 5, 7,* PID* 7,* +-* 7, 5,/+,F *J 5,/, 7 7,575 7 ';'5 *5',*/, 7 /*/,. S *+5;5 5, *5'+-,'* 7 -+, 5,/+,- (,F ,F ,/F *-J-7,*F -,*F 5'+-,F…).
•
CAT (Conditional Access Table ) E* ,7<-,' 5, 7< +',<'/ *- 5'+-,. S/+' - 7 PID %K%1. I5 7 **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 -7, : 7 PID +,' 7 * J 7,* /** -,'5.
0%
P,' ,-', 7,F -' 7* -7* SI * + *-5' 7* * /5, 5,-5 •
NIT (Network Identification Table ) P,' ;5 5,*--: 7 +',<'/ % 7 /7-+7K. P',+,'5, ;,'/5 7 ' ;J*5 : 7 ,'<5 7,* *'5,* 7,* TS*.
•
SDT (Service Description Table ) D-,* *5' 7,* *'5,* 5,-,* TS +'-57'. P'5+7/- +',+,'5, 7 ,/' : 7
•
EIT (Event Information Table ) I5 7,* -,* -,* : 5,-,* -,* , 7 5,-',7 7 ',5*-' (-J-7,F ;5 : ,' 5,/,F '5F * *- 5'+-,F…). PID %K12. o
EIT 9 ( present following ) 57: 7,* -,* 7 -, 5-7 : 7 *<- (/<J).
o
•
EIT ';"#/-" 5,- ;,'/5 ',* J* (<J +',<'/5).
TDT (Time Date Table D-,* 7 ,' '*7 UTC : 7 ;5. S -7 +' +,' ,' 7 '7, -', 7 '5+-,'. PID %K14.
A/* Q*-*F K*- * -7* SI 5,7* ** +' 5' 7 *<- ;,'/5 •
TOT (Time !ffset Table) I5 7,* -,* 7 ,;;*- 7,57F /* 7 ;5 : 7 ,' '7. S 5-7 ;'5-/-.
•
ST ( St"ffing Table) T7* '77, -7* +' 7' -7* : , *'F *, ''* , *- 5,/+7-*. P' 77,F * 7* *< 7 /*/, PID 7* -7* 7* **--:.
•
RST (R"nning Stat"s Table) S, -7* +' 5-7' 7 55 +',<'/. L* *55,* 7 *-, * J *,7 : *,7, * 7 ' 5, * +',5 7< 5/,F 7 5,-'', 7 '*-, -7* SIF * J 5,-/-.
•
BAT (#o"$"et Association Table) T'*+,'- ;,'/5 '75, 5, B,-* (5,755 *'5,* 5,/'57,* 5,/, - 5). I5 7 -;55 7 ,-F 7 *5'+5 7 5,-, 7 ,- (*'5,* : 7,* TS 5,''*+,- 5 ,) : **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 *,5, 7,* *'5,* 7 ,-.
•
DIT (Discontin"it% Information Table ) E* -7 7,* +-,* -'*5 5, 7 ;,'/5 * *5,-. 01
•
SIT (Selection Information Table ) C,- '*/ -, 7 ;,'/5 /+,'-- K*- 7 TS.
C,/, * 5, 7 7*-, -7* -','*F : 7<* 77* -* PID* '*',*F ;,'/ < ,-' ;,'/5 + -7' <, *,* PID*. E 7 *<- -7F * 5 -,,* 77,* PID* 7 ,'/ MPEG - '*',* +' 7 *75 : 7 -'*+,'- TS.
T7 4.2 PID* '*',* +' *75 : -'*+,'-.
PAT
CAT
1
TSDT
2
R"'"!?%#+'
3 % F
NIT, ST
1
SDT, BAT, ST
11
EIT, ST
12
RST, ST
13
TDT, TOT, ST
14
S&!+&>%*& #" !"#
15
R"'"!?%#+' %!% /'+' /$/!+'
16 % 1D
E57, 5'*;& 6&/*4' + SPTS E 7 ;<' * /*-' 5,-5 * '+'*- <';5/- 7, 5,/-, 7 +'*- +'-,X 7 -' 7,* *--,* 7/-,* 7 /7-+7K,' : 7 *7 7,* /*/,* ;,'/, *-'5-' +-* Transport Stream.
02
!<' 4.6 M7-+7K5 +',<'/ (SPTS)
#.#.2. ESTRUCTURA DE UN SPTS C,/, * J5 7 5+J-7, 2F , * 5 *-, 7,* *-'* DVBF Transport Stream9:;< 5,**- *-'5-' -'*/* 5,/+*- +,* +-* 5,
7,<- ;. E*- 7,<- * -7/- 199 :-* (2%4 * * -Q55* 5,''55 '','*)F 7,* 57* 4 :-* *-,* 7 55' : 194 :-* 7 payload , 5'< -7F * 5'F 7 ;,'/5 +',+/- 5 ( *-', 5*, 7,* -,*F
7 , , 7 ,). P,' --,F "- SPTS '" +&+!% #" /&% '"/"&% #" TS 7,* 57* ,* -'*+,'-' ,F ,-',* , : ,-',* -,*. E 7 ;<' * /*-' 7 *-'5-' <'7 TS. A 7,* 5/+,* : * K+75, 7 5+J-7, 2F 5, /5,'7,* *- +-, 7 +',:5-, +' -' 7 /+,'-5 7,* PID : 7 ,'<5 7 ;,'/5.
C0/ L 55' TS * 5,/+, 7,* *<-* 5/+,* •
B$" #" '&!+ T,/ 7 7,' %K4. S' +' *5',' 7 5,;5,' 5, 7,* -,* -'-*.
03
•
I&#%#+! #" "!!+! #" $!%&'+!$" E*- - * 5- 5, * -5- '',' 7 -'*/*.
•
I&#%#+! #" %!!%&/" I5 * 7 55' 7 payload : PES.
•
PID (Packet Identification ) E* 7 -;5,' 7 +-. E*- 5/+, +'/- 7 *-5 -' +-* *--,* Elementary Stream.
•
C+&$!+- #" !%#+ I5 * : -,* 5;',* 7 payload .
•
C+&$!+- %+ #" %#%$%*& I5 * 7 55' - 5/+, +-5. S, 2 -*.
•
C+&$!+- #" %!7% I5 * : , , -,* +:7, (N, *7 7 <';5,). S *7 -,/' 7 C,-',7 5/+, +-5 5,/, 2 -* : *< * 1%F %1F 11 ,* 5 * : +-5F 5'< , /,*.
•
C+&$%#+! #" +&$&/#%# E* 5'/-, 1 +,' 7 5,;5,' 5 J +- 7 /*/ ;-. E*-, +'/- 7 5,;5,' * 5+ 5' * , +Q' (, <5 57*,) +- -'*+,'- : -' '','* , * +,'J 5' ,-' /'.
!<' 4. E*-'5-' T'*+,'- S-'/ 29
04
C& + +/*4' D-', 7 55'F 7,* 5/+,* /* '7-* -', 7 C/+, A+-5 *, 7,* *<-* •
L+&7$/# #"- %+ #" %#%$%*& I5 7 7,<- 7 55' K-'.
•
I&#%#+! #" #'+&$&/#%# S 5-' 7 PCR : 7 5,-,' 5,-. S -7 +' -' +Q'* ;,'/5 +',5* +,' *7-, 7 5,;5,'.
•
PCR (P!+7!% C-+ R""!"&") E7 PCR * ;,'/5 *5',5 7 '7, 2 MH 7 '5+-,' 5*' +' 7 5,;55 7 ,F , : -,*. S 57: +'5/- 7,* +-* -'*+,'-. E7 '5+-,' 5*- *- ;,'/5 [ 55 * 1% 5* +,' *<, +' 5' ;5,' 7 57 ;* * ,*57,' 7,57. SJ5',, : ;* 5, 7 '7, PCR 2 MH * *+, ,-', '7, #% H * 5*- 7 **-/ +' *5',' ,-'* ;5,*.
•
B$"' ++#&"' S, :-* '77, +' 5,*<' -'/ 199 :-* ;,'/5 7 *+*-, , ' ;,'/5 *;5- +' 77' 7 +-.
•
C/"&$% %$!8' %!% +!$" I5,' +'/- 5,/-5 +-* 7/+ -' TS : ,-', TS.
P-&+ E *-,* 194 :-* * -'*+,'- 7 ;,'/5 ,F , , -,*F +, 7 5,-, 7 TS.
#.#.3. FORMACIÓN DE MPTS U /7-+7K,* : ;,'/,* 5 , 7,* +',<'/* +,' *+', 5,/, SPTSF 7 *<- +*, * 7 ;,'/' Transport Stream ;,'/,* +,' /7-+7* +',<'/*F * 5'F 7, * ,/ MPTS. E7 /,, 7 * '7 *- +',5*, * '55,, 7,* *--,* SPTS '*,* /7-+7K,'*F /,, *- 5*,F 7,* /7-+7K,'* '5' * -' *--,* SPTSF /7-+7K,*F ;,'/' MPTS. E7 5'-', +' <'+' SPTS* MPTS -,-7/- 755 7 +'*, 5,*-': 7 55'. N,'/7/-F * <'+ +,' -+, 5,-,F * 5'F +',<'/*
00
/- 5,-,* */7'* , /*/ -/-5F +,' /+7,F +',<'/* +,'-,* MPTSF +',<'/* ,* /,* ,-', MPTSF -5. P,' --,F , -,,* 7,* MPTS -'*+,'- 7 /*/, /', +',<'/*F * /'<,F * * '*+-' 7 5, *<, 5 Transport StreamF --, -,,* 7,* MPTS ,5+ 5, */7'. U +'5-5 -', 55' -7* * 7 -7' #'$!/#+!"', %$!"' + patc& pannels +' -' /,' ,'<5 7 *7 -', 7 /*/. D *- /'F 5*, '' '7' 5/,* 5//-, 7 *7F *- *-'5-' ;57-'J *- -'F +'/-, ''<' 7* *7* 5 *--,* +,* ;,'/ /: ;7K7. E*- -+ + 5,/+''* ;,'/ /* *7 7 *<- ;<'
!<' 4.9 E/+7, ;,'/5 MPTS.
#.#.#. DEMULTIPLEACIÓN DECODIFICACIÓN DE PROGRAMAS U *'',77,* : K+75,* 7,* /Q-,,* 5'5 7 *7 * -'*/-'F * *+5;5' 7 ;,'/ *- 5,-, * -'+'-, +,' 7 5,;5,' 7 *', Q*- '5, 7 *7 * 7 -'*/- * 7 55'. E*- *55 * -7 /+'*57 +' -' 7 *-'5-'5 5 , 7,* +',<'/* : 7 /+,'-5 7* -7* * -'*/- 7,* /*/,*. A -'Q* 7 MPTS /* 7 ;,'/5 , : ,F 7* -7* SI : PSI. L* -7* SI +',+,'5, 7 5,;5,' : 7 *', ;,'/5 7,* +',<'/* *
06
-'*/-F *J 5,/, 7 +,*7 <' ;,'/ *577 -'Q* 7,* 5,-,* -7, 7 EPG. E7 +',5*, 5,/ 5, 7 S-$-,+$,K '5 -'Q* 7* -7* PSI 57 7 +'/- 5,;<''* -,/-5/-. A 5,-5F 7* -7* SI 7 +',+,'5, 7 5,;5,' ;,'/5 7,* +',<'/* * -'*+,'-. A/*F +' ;57-' 7 *', 7 <5 -'Q* 7,* ,* 5,-,*F 7* -7* SI -/Q 5,- 7/-,* +'/- 7 *'',77, 7 EPG. D-', 7 MPTSF -,,* 7,* +-* /*/, Elementary Stream 5,/+'-' 7 /*/, PID. D *- /'F 7 5,;5,' +,' *755,' -,,* 7,* +-* +'-5-* ES ,F : * ,F , , -,* *--/-F */+7/- ;7-', +,' * PID. L* -7* PSI *, -'*+,'-* +-* ;'5* +,' PID 5,F : * 7,' '*', , *+5;5, +,' 7 -7 PAT , CAT ( 5*, *' +',<'/ 5'+-,). U * '5 7 MPTSF 7 5,;5,' *5 -' 7* 55'* 7,* +-* 5, 7 PID %F 7 57 5 * -'- -7 PAT. A +'-' *- -7F 7 5,;5,' +,' 5,-'' 7,* PID* 7* -7* NIT : 7* *--* -7* PMT 5 ';'5 7,* *--,* +',<'/*. D *- /'F ,-, 7,* PID* 7* -7* PMT 7 5,;5,' +,' '' 7,* PID* 7,* *--,* Elementary Stream +'-5-* 5 , 7,* +',<'/*. E 7 5*, * '' ,-' 7,* 7/-,* +',<'/ 5,5'-,F +'-' 7 PATF 7 5,;5,' 55 7 -7 PMT 5,''*+,- : +'-' *- ** *--,* 7/-,*. S 7 +',<'/ *755,' *-' 5'+-,F -/Q *'J 5*', 55' 7 -7 CAT 5,- 7,* -,* 55*, 5,5,7. E 7 *<- */ * /*-' /+7, 7 +',5*, 5,;55 /5,,.
0
!<' 4.#. D5,;55 MPTS
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
09
A/* +,' ,-' -'Q* 7* -7* SI ;,'/5 *,' 7 +',<'/ 5-7F 5,-,F +',<'/* -','* : +,*-','*F... S 7 *', 5' '7' 5/, 57F 7 5,;5,' +',5'J Q-5 ;,'/ 7 /5, 7 /+7,.
#.#.$. E%UIPOS NECESARIOS EN LA ETAPA DE MULTIPLEACIÓN L -+ /7-+7K5 * -+ /: /+,'-- -', 7 55' -7*F +* * 7 * ;,'/ : 5' -,,* 7,* Transport Stream * -'*/-'. E* +,' *-,F /* 7,* /7-+7K,'* +'5+7* * 5*- +,* '*' , 5>$+* *<' 7 5,''5- -'*/* 7 *7. E *- 5*,F 7, 5,- * * -75F 7 /,*F +, '*' +,' 5 /7-+7K,' 5'<, ;,'/5 SPTS 5,/, MPTS. S /'<,F , *- ;' 7, ,'/7 7 -75 /* +, 5>$+F +* * * -' 5, - *,7, ,* +,*F 7 'J , 77,* *+, '*<, 7 -'' 5, - *,7, +, /-'* ' Q*-. P,' ,-', 7,F *'J 5*', 7 -75 PC +,' 5 /7-+7K,' +'5+7F * 5'F +,' 5 SPTS , MPTSF +' 7,* -Q55,* , +'*,7 5'<,* 7 /,-,'5 7 55' + -'5-' 5, 7,* +,* * 5* 55' 77,* ;J*5/-. H-7/-F *-,* PC* - *-7, : 5,;<', *,;-=' <*-,' 7'/* ;,'/ 5'5 7 ;5,/-, 7 +, , +,* - 5,5-,*. L, -7F * 5,5-' 7 /7-+7K,' +'5+7 5, 7,* /7-+7K,'* '*' /- s'itc!es. E*-, -, 5, 7 5,K 7 PC 5,''*+,- : * 5,;<'5 +'/-
5,/-' -' 7,* *--,* /7-+7K,'* 5*, '','F : * ;,'/ /7 , -,/-5. E '*/F 7,* +,* /J/,* 5*',* 7 -+ /7-+7K5 *, 7,* *<-* •
!,'/5 SPTS 1 /7-+7K,' +'5+7F 1 /7-+7K,' '*' : 1 PCF s'itc!es.
•
!,'/5 MPTS 1 /7-+7K,' +'5+7F 1 /7-+7K,' '*' : 1 PCF s'itc!es.
•
D*-','* , /-'5* +' '-/-, 7 *7 /* ;7K7.
#.$ TRANSMISIÓN C,57 7 -+ -',' /7-+7K5F : * 5-' 7,* 57* 7*-,* +' 7 -'*/* 7,* *',* -< 5,-'-, 7 *'5,.
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P' '7' *- ;5F 7,* 57* * /-'F , /* F 7,* MPTSF * 5,5- *' /7,* * 5-' 5,5-,* 7 ' +',+ 7 ,+',' : -'Q* 7 57 * J 7,* 5,-,* 7,* *--,* *',*. P*-, *- +',:5-, * 5, '7'7, /- -'*/* +,' IPF 7* *7* *-,* /7,* *' IPF ;,'/ 7,* 5,-,* * +- *- -+, -'*/*. N, ,*--F * *-<' ,* -+,* -'*/* ;5 7,* 5,-,* * J : 7 /', *',* 7,* '5 U5*- E *- -+, -'*/* * '7 7 J, 5, -,* * 5, /*,' (7 55') UN aNICO RECEPTOR. M7-5*- C, * '7 *- -+, -'*/*F 7 J, 5,-,* * '7 <'+, *--',* (/* ,) ;,'/ */7-.
#.$.1. UNICAST C,/, * *5'-, 7 +'-, -','F 7 -'*/* 5*- * '7 * ,'< 5 5, *-, *+5J;5,. L *-'5-' -J+5 *- -+, -'*/* , * ,-' 7 *',' 7 * 5-' *' 5,-,* : 7,* 57* 7 *--', 7< 57* 77,* ' * 7 J. D *- ;,'/F *,* 5,-,* *,7, *, ,* 7 IP *-, 7,* *,75-,. D *- ;,'/F 7 /Q-,, -'*/* 5*- 5,*/ --, 5, +,' *', 5,/, +'/- 7 5,;55 7 5,-, * J.
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!<' 4.11 M7-5*- 2#.
E*- -+, -'*/* * -7 5/- +' 7 J, 5,-,* ,F *-,* * +<,.
#.$.3. TRANSMISIÓN DE CANALES REGIONALES T,,* 7,* +',,'* 5,-,* ,*7* 5,/, 7,* * -'- *- +',:5-, *7 /-' 57* -,/5,* ** 57-*. S /'<,F 7,* *',* , '5 7,* 57* -,/5,* -,* 7* 5,/*F *, '5 * * '5+-,' *,7/- 77,* *, +',+,* * 5,/ ( 7 5*, E*+). E*-, * *JF +,' 7 *-'5-' 7 55' +' *- -+, 57* * 7<'/- *-- +' 7 '*-,. C,/, * 5,/- 7 +'5+, *- 5+J-7,F 7,* 57* , -,/5,* * '5 7 55' : 5, *7 Q*-F * J 7,* *',*F * K5+5,* : * -' 61
5- 7 5,/ -,/ 7 '*. S /'<,F 7,* 57* -,/5,* , * '5 7 55' <'7 5,/, 7 '*-,F *, * '5 +* *55'* *-* 5 7* 5,/* :F +,*-','/-F *, +',5*,* : '/7-+7K,* 5, 7 '*-, +' * J, 7,* //',* * 5,/ -,/. E* 5'F 7 55' +'5+7 * '5 77,* 57* *' ,* -,,* 7,* *',*. A 5,-5F *-,* 57* *, ,* 7* *--* *55'* -,/5*F , /*F * '5' 7,* 57* +',+,* 7 /*/ : * +',5*' -7 : 5,/, * +',5*, 7,* +'/',* 7 55' <'7F +' +,*-','/- /7-+7K'7,* : '7,* 7,* 57-* * 5,/.
!<' 1%. R5+5 : J, 57* '<,7*.
62
CAPÍTULO 0 ,I,TEA DE ACCE,O CONDICIONAL (CA,) A /,F 7 /:,'J 7,* +',,'* 5,-,* ,*7* /- 5,-,* +<,F , ' * *-,* +,' -,,* 7,* *',*. P' 77,F * 5*', *+,' **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 (CAS) 21.
$.1. IMPLEMENTACIÓN FUNCIONAMIENTO $.1.1. CIFRADO DESCIFRADO DEL CONTENIDO L* *+5;55,* 7 CAS ; * *-'5-'F * /'<,F 7,* 7<,'-/,* 5;', *, +',+,* : +',* 5 +',,'F : * *5,,5. A 7 ,' 5;'' 7 5,-, K*- -'* 7/-,* -,', 7,* 57* <' -,, 7 +',5*, 7 57 *',F 7 57 *'5, : 7 +7' 5,-',7. L ;,'/5 * 5;' 5, 7 +7' 5,-',7F * * 5;' +,' 7 57 *'5, : 7 57 *'5, * 5;' 5, 7 57 *',. L 57 *', * 7 57 *< 7 5,;5,' 5 *',. P,' ,-', 7,F 5 *'5, ,;'5, - * 57 (57 *'5,)F : *' 5,/ +' -,,* 77,* 57-* -< 5,-'-, 5, *'5,. P' +'/-' 7 55*, *'5, 5/- 7,* *',* 7, -< 5,-'-,F * 5;' 7 57 *'5, 5, -,* 7* 57* 57- -' 55*, 7 5,-,. E7 5,;5,'F *5 * 57 57- 7 57 *'5, : * 7 5-' +',5 '7' 7 5,;55. 63
P' ' *- -+, ;,'/5 7 CAS *+, ,* -+,* /** 7,* ECM* (Entitlement (ontrol Messages) : 7,* EMM* ( Entitlement management Messages). E 7,* +'/',* * J 7 +7' 5,-',7 5;' 5 ,* *<,*F /-'* 7,* EMM* * J 7 57 *'5, 5;' +',K//- 5 *<,*. C, 7 '5+-,' 7 77< /* 55*, 5,5,7F * 7, +* 7 CAS. S * -'- EMMF 7 '5+-,' 5,/+' * '<, 7 '5+-,' 5, * 57F : * * *JF 7 *' +' *5;'' 7 57 *'5,. U ,- 7 57 *'5,F * -7 +' *5;'' 7,* ECM* : *J ,-' 7 +7' 5,-',7. C, 7 +7' 5,-',7 : + +',5' *5;'' 7 5,-,. P,' ,-', 7,F * 5-' 7 S*-/ G*- S*5'+-,'* ( Su%scri%er Management SystemF SMS)F * 7 5'<, *<' 7,* 57* + ' 5 *',. S -'-
<' * -,* 5, -,,* 7,* *',* 5,5-,* 7 **-/ ;5-'5 : 7 CAS. D *- ;,'/F 5,-',7 7 CASF 5, EMM* <'' : 57-* - 55*, *'5,*. E7 5;', + '7'* ,* 7* 7 ;7, -'*+,'- , PES. A 7 ;7, -'*+,'- 7 55' * * 5;'' : 7, * 5;' * 7 5,-, 7 +-. A 7 PESF 7 5;', * /* 5,/+7,. E*- /Q-,,F '' 7 5 , *-Q 5;' : 7 '*-, 7 5'+, *J. D*+Q*F * 7 +- PES 5;', +' -',5'7, 7,* +-* -'*+,'-F 7, 7<' -'* -+,* ;'-* 7<' 5,/, * '+'- 7 PES •
U +'/' +- -'*+,'- 5, * +',+ 55' (* 5;'')F 7 55' 7 PES (-/Q * 5;'') : 7 +'/' +'- 7 5'< 7 PES 5;'. L 55' 7 +- PES , ,5+' /* +- -'*+,'-.
•
U /', '7 +-* -'*+,'-F 5 , 5, 194 :-* 7 +- PES. C 7, 194 :-* *- 5;',.
•
U 7-/, +- 5,- 7 ;7 7 PES. S + ' ,* 5*,* 7 +'- 7 PES * K5-/- 194 :-* , ,. S * 194 :-* * 5;' 7 /*/ /' 7,* -','*. S , * *- 7,<-F 7 7, 7 PES * 7 7 ;7 7 +- -'*+,'- : *
-',5 5/+, +-5
( &daptation #ield F A!) -' 7 55' 7 +- -'*+,'- : 7 7-/, 7, 7 PES. 64
P' -' /+7/-5,* 5,/+7* 7,* 5,;5,'* 7,* *',* * 5,- 1. C;'' *,7, 7 7,* ,* /5,,*. 2. 7 55' PES , *+' 7,* 194 :-*. 3. < +- -'*+,'- 77 7,* PES 5;', 77' A! (adaptation field )F K5+5 +- 77 7 7-/, 7, 7 PESF 7, 77' +' 7' 7 7, 7 PES 7 ;7 7 +- -'*+,'-. C, 7 ; 5,-',7' 7 +',5*, 5;',F * ; ,* -* 5,-',7 7 55' 7,* +-* -'*+,'- : 7 55' 7,* +-* PES V7,'* 5,-',7 +' ;7, -'*+,'- •
%% N, : 5;', 7 ;7, -'*+,'-.
•
%1 R*', +' *,* ;-',*.
•
1% P- -'*+,'- 5;', 5, 57 +'.
•
11 P- -'*+,'- 5;', 5, 57 /+'.
V7,'* 5,-',7 +' PES •
%% N, : 5;', 7 +-* PES.
•
%1 R*', +' *,* ;-',*.
•
1% P- PES 5;', 5, 57 +'.
•
11 P- PES 5;', 5, 57 /+'.
$.1.2. TABLA DE ACCESO CONDICIONAL (CAT) DESCRIPTORES L CAT +',+,'5, 7 *,55 -' , , /* **-/* CAF ** ;7,* EMM* : 57' +'/-', *+57 '75,, 5, 77,*. L -7 CA * *55,*. L,* 5/+,* 7 *55 CA 5 7, *<- $%-"# 5 * -'- *55 CA. S 7,' *- 5*, * %K%1. '"$+&'&$%&#%$+! *- 5,' * +,' 1. '"$+&-"&7$; 7,* +'/',* ,* -* *- 5,' *' b%%c. L,* ,-',* 1% 5 7 /', :-* 7 *55 /+, /-/- *+Q* *- 5/+,F 57:, 7 CRC. E7 7,' *- 5/+, , K5' 1%21.
60
!<' 0.1 S55 CA 21.
'"$+&-"&7$; 7,* +'/',* ,* -* *- 5,' *' b%%c. L,* ,-',* 1% 5 7 /', :-* 7 *55 /+, /-/- *+Q* *- 5/+,F 57:, 7 CRC. E7 7,' *- 5/+, , K5' 1%21. ?"!'+&&/"! *- 5,' 5 7 /', '* 7 -7 CA -'. E*- 7,' 5'/-'* 1 : /7, 32 5, : 5/,* 7 ;,'/5 7 -7. S 7 5''-`K-`5-,' 7 1F 7 '*,`/' * 7 7 CAT 5'*,. S 5''-`K-`5-,' * %F 7 '*,`/' * 7 7 *<- CAT. /!!"&$&"$&#%$+! * 7 1F 5 7 CAT * +757. S 7 %F ' 5' 7 CAT , * +757F +', *' 7 +'K/ *' 7. '"$+&&/"! 5 7 /', *55 -', 7 CAT. L +'/' *55 -,* -' *- 7,' %K%%. S 5'/-' , +' 5 *55 7 -7. -%'$'"$+&&/"! *+5;5 7 /', 7 7-/ *55 7 CAT. CRC32 *- 7,' * 7 5<, +' -5-' '','*. P,' ,-', 7, * 5-' 7,* *5'+-,'* 55*, 5,5,7. E7 *5'+-,' 55*, 5,5,7 * -7 +' *+5;5' ;,'/5 <*- 55*, 5,5,7 5,/, 7,* 66
EMM* : -/Q +' *+5;5' ;,'/5 *,' ;7,* 7/-7* 5,/, 7,* ECM*. E*- *5'+-,' * -7 7 TS`+',<'/`/+`*5-, : -/Q 7 +',<'/`*-'/`/+. S 7< ;7, 7/-7 *- 5;',F *5'+-,' CA *-' +'*- +' 7 +',<'/ 5,- * ;7, 7/-7. P,' ,-', 7,F * K*- ;,'/5 '75, 5, 7 **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 -', 7 ;7, -'*+,'-F -/Q ' ' *5'+-,' 55*, 5,5,7 7 CAT.
!<' 0.2 S55 *5'+-,' CA 21.
L *55 5 , 7,* *5'+-,'* *- ;,'/ +,' 7,* *<-* 5/+,* #"'!$+!$%7 * 5/+, -;5 7 *5'+-,'. P' 7 *5'+-,' CA * 7 #. #"'!$+!-"&7;$ 5 7 /', :-* - 7 *5'+-,' /-/- *+Q* *- 5/+,. CA''$"ID 5 7 **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 +757 7,* EMM* , ECM* *,5,*. S< 7 ETR 162 22 7,* -;5,'* +' 7,* *--,* **-/* CA *, 7,* * /*-' 7 -7 2. CAPID 5 7 PID 7,* +-* 7 ;7, -'*+,'- 5,- 7,* ECM* , 7,* EMM* 5, 7 ;,'/5 +' 7 **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 *+5;5, 7 CA`*:*-/`ID. C, 7 *5'+-,' CA *- TS`+',<'/`/+`*5-, (-7` Y %K%2) 7 CA`PID +- +-* 5,- ;,'/5 5,-',7 55*, 7 +',<'/ '75,,F -7* 5,/, 7,* ECM*. S +'*5 5,/, ;,'/5 +',<'/ 5 * + +75' 7 +',<'/ -',.
6
C,F +,' ,-' +'-F 5,-'/,* 7 *5'+-,' CA *55 CAF 7 CA`PID +- +-* 5,- ;,'/5 <*- : 5,-',7 55*,F -7* 5,/, 7,* EMM*. E 7 ETR 29# 23 * 5 ,* '5,/5,* 5/+7'* +' 7 5,''5-, ;5,/-, 7 **-/ CAF 7* 57* *, •
T,,* 7,* +-* -'*+,'- -< PID <7 7 CA`PID , 7 *5'+-,' CA 77' *,7, ;,'/5 7 **-/ CA. N< ;,'/5 CA + ' ,-', 7<'.
•
D,* +',,'* CA , -' 7,* /*/,* 7,'* CA`PID 7 /*/, ;7, -'*+,'-.
T7 0.1 I-;5,'* CAS
CA 55ID ;-,5
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$.1.3. EMM ECM C,/, * 5,/-, 5, -','F 7,* EMM : ECM *, ,* -+,* /** CA 7,* * -'*+,'- +'- 7 ;,'/5 5*' +' 7 CAS. L *-K* 7,* +-* EMM : ECM * * '+'*- 7 ;<' 13. L* *55,* /** CA * -'- 5,/, * ;' *55,* +'* 7 ,' -',5'7* Transport Stream. E*-* *55,*F < 5*,F *+'' 7 -/, 206 :-*.
!<' 0.3 S55 EMM , ECM 21
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L,* 5/+,* '+'*-,* 7 -7 -',' 5 7, *<- $%-"# + -,/' *-,* 7,'* 21
H: ,* +,*7* 7,'* +' 7 -'*+,'- ECM* %K9% : %K91. C, 5/ *- 7,' -'*/* *<;5 , 5/, 7 5,-, 7 ECM*. E*- 5/, + *' -7, +' ;7-'' ;,'/5 55*, 5,5,7. '"$+&'&$%&#%$+! *- - *-' */+' ;, %. DVB!"'"!?"# *- -Q'/, 5 *- 5/+, * *' 7 ;-', +' +755,* DVB : +,' 7, --, , * -7' +' +755,* +'*. ISO!"'"!?"# *- -Q'/, 5 7 7,' *- 5/+, * ;' 7 ;-', +' K-*,* ISO : +,' 7, --, , *- *+5;5, +,' DVB. CA'"$+&-"&7$; 5 7 /', :-* *< *- 5/+, *- 7 ;7 7 *55. CA#%$%$" *- 5/+, 9 -* -'*+,'- ;,'/5 CA +'. L,* 1 +'/',* CA`-`:-* * + -7' +' '7' ;7-', '55,*.
$.2. AR%UITECTURA DEL CAS> SIMULCRPT MULTICRPT A J ,:F 7* ,+','* 'F 7,* +',,'* 5,-,* : 7,* ;'5-* +,* *7 *' -* ;'-*. U ,+',' 'F ,'/7/-F ;' 5,-,* ',* +',,'*. S /'<,F *-,* +',,'* /+7/-' **-/* 55*, 5,5,7 *--,*F -7, 5 , 77,* 7 5' ,+,'-,. P,' *- /,-,F * 5*', *5' *,75 7 -',+'7 ',* **-/* 55*, %
5,5,7 <*-, 7 ;,'/5 *- *, ; +,' /*/, ,+',' '. P' 77,F *'< S/75':+-. E S/75':+-F 7 '5+-,'$*5,;5,' <-7 5,- 5/- **-/ 55*, 5,5,7. N, ,*--F 7 ;,'/5 /* **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 * + *'-' 7* *7* : 7,* *'5,* * /-'. D *- /,,F 7,* '5+-,'* -7 5 , **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 ;'- + 5' *, 7 5,''*+,- ;,'/5 55*, 5,5,7 +' *5,;5' 7 *7. E* 5*', 7 5', -' 7,* *--,* +',,'* *'5,*. P,' ,-', 7, 7,* ;'5-* +,* - *' '5+-,'* * 5,/+-7* 5, 7 **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 -7 7,* +',,'* 5,-,*. E*-, /+75 * ;'5- +,* +',+,'5, +,* ',* +',,'* ;'5' '5+-,'* ;'-* /+7/- 7,* **-/* CA 5,*. P,'J +*'* *,75 7-'- /*/, '5+-,' +' -,,* 7,* **-/* 55*, 5,5,7 5, , '* -';5* 5,/* 7 ' /7, CA. P' 77, *'< M7-5':+-F * -Q55 5,**- -'5/'F '5+-,'$*5,;5,' <-7F ',* 5,-',7* 55*,F <'5* , , ',* -';5* 5,/*. T/Q +'/- *- -'/7 *+5J;5, *5,;5' *5*/- ',* **-/* ;'-*F ;5 7 , 7,* 7<,*. L - *- -Q55 * 7,* '5+-,'*$*5,;5,'* + ;'5'* *' -<'' 7-/ *-5 7 , 7,* 5,-',7* 55*, <-* 7 +J* , *, 5,/'57,*. L * 7 +'-, +'/5 7 /*/. S7, 5/ 7 5,-',7 55*,. N, *' ' '* ;,'/* 5,;55 7 *7F 5,/, * 5*- 7 5*, S/75':+-. E '*/F M7-5':+-F 7 '5+-,'$*5,;5,' <-7 * 5+ -7' '*,* **-/* 55*, 5,5,7 +' *5,;5' 7,* *'5,* +',5-* +',,'* *'5,* -7 *--,* **-/* 55*, 5,5,7. E*-, * 7,<' /- 7 5,K 7 5,''*+,- /7, 55*, 5,5,7 7 -'; (-'; 5,/ *+5;5, +,' DVB) 5,'+,', 7 '5+-,'. E7 5*, -'5, * ,' *- +',:5-, * /* */+7 : <Q'5,F +* Q7 */+7/- * *'',77 7 /,, * '5 : * +',5* 7 *7 -', 7 55' +' '7. S /'<,F 5, /+7' 7 ;,'/5 5*, /* 5,/+7, 7 *J * +'5 7 +',,' 5,-,* : 7 ,+',' ' 5,/, -* *--*.
1
$.2.1. SIMULCRPT S/75':+- 24 ; '-5-' 55' ' +'/- /+7/-' **-/ J 7 ;,'/5 CA ',* +',,'* /*/, ;7, -'*+,'-. E7 <'/ 7,* 5 55' * 7 *<-
!<' 0.4 D<'/ 7,* CAS 21
EK*- ,* -+,* 5,/+,-* 7,* 55' ' : 7,* CA S/75':+-. L,* 5,/+,-* 55' ' *, 77,* K*-' 5*'/- +' +,' /+7/-' 7 S/75':+-. E 7 <'/ -','F 5/- * ; : *+5;5 *,7/- * ; : *+5;5 7* -';5* 5,5- 7,* 5,/+,-* CA 5, 7,* 5,/+,-* 7 55' 'F , ;' 77 7* -';5* 5,5- -' 77,* 7,* 5,/+,-* K57*,* 7 55' 'F +* * -/ : * -'-, +'-,* -','*. C , 7,* /7,* 7 ;<' 14F * ; 7 *<- /' EIS (E?"&$ I&+!%$+& S;"#/-"!) E7 EIS * 7 5'< /' 7 ;,'/5 +',<'/F 7* 5,;<'5,* : 7 ;,'/5 *+5J;5 CA * '' +' 7 5,/+7-, ;5,/-, 7 **-/. E* 7 * -,* <'7 +' -,, 7 **-/
2
55' '. U ** /*,* * 7 +',' 7,* ECMG* -'Q* 7 SCS 7 ;,'/5 5*- +' <'' 7,* ECM*. SCS (S/-!$ S&;!+&>"!) L* ;5,* *- /7, *, 7* *<-* •
E*-75' 5,K,* TCP 5, 7,* ECMG* : ;' 57 +,' 5,K.
•
!' 7,* ;7,* 5*',* -', 7,* 57* : *<' 7,* 7,'* ECM`*-'/`ID.
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O-' 7* C^* (C,-',7 ^,'*) 7,* C^G*.
•
P',+,'5,' 7* C^* 7,* ECMG* +'--* 7,* ;7,* +'--*F *J
•
5,/, 57' ;,'/5 *+5J;5 CA.
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O-' 7,* ECM* 7,* ECMG*.
•
S5',' 5 ECM* 5, * CP (C':+-, P',)F *,5,* ;5 7,* +'/-',* 7 57.
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I-',5' *-,* ECM* 7 /7-+7K,' : *,75-' * '+-5 ;5 7,* +'/-',* 7 57.
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P',' 7 C^ 7 5;',' +' *'7 * CP *+5J;5,.
ECM< (E&$$-""&$ C+&$!+- M"''%7" <"&"!%$+!) E7 ECMG '5 7* +7'* 5,-',7 /* C^ +',*,7 *J 5,/, 7,* 5'-',* 55*, : '*+, 5, /* ECM , /* '','. E7 ECMG , '+- +'5/- 7,* /** ECM. EMM< (E&$$-""&$ M%&%7""&$ M"''%7" <"&"!%$+!) E*- 5,/+,-F +',+,'5,, +,' 7 +',,' CAF -' -'; '5- 5, 7 /7-+7K,'. E7 EMMG 5' 7* 5,K,* 5, 7 /7-+7K,'. PD< (P!?%$" D%$% <"&"!%$+!) E*- 5,/+,- * /*-' 7 '-5-' DVB S/75':-+ +' *':' 7 5, 7 -'; 7 EMMG 7 /7-+7K,' * + *' +' -'*/-' 7,* EMM* ;,'/5 +' '75, 7 CA. E7 PDG 5 7* 5,K,* 5, 7 /7-+7K,'. SI< (C/'$+ S"!?" I&+!%$+& <"&"!%$+!) E*- 5,/+,- * 7 '*+,*7 <'' ;,'/5 +' SI. T -'; 5, 7 <',' SI : 5, 7 <',' PSI. MU C+&7 (M/-$-""! +&7/!%$+&) E*- 5,/+,- * 7 5'<, 5,;<'' 7 /7-+7K,' : +',' 75 7 <',' PSI +' 5,*-'' : -' 7 PSI.
3
G',' SI E*- 5,/+,- * 7 '*+,*7 <'' 7 ;,'/5 SI 7 **-/. T,/ * ;,'/5 +'5+7 7 EIS : 7 ;,'/5 *+7/-' 7 -,/ 7,* *','* SI +',+,'5,,* +,' 7,* +',,'* CA. <"&"!%#+! #" PSI E*- 5,/+,- * 7 '*+,*7 <'' 7 PSI 7 **-/. E7 *',' PSI -,/ * ;,'/5 +'5+7 7 MU C,;< : 7 ;,'/5 *+7/-' 7 ,- 7,* *','* SI +',+,'5,,* +,' 7,* +',,'* CA. MU (M/-$-"+!) E7 ++7 *- 5,/+,- 7 55' ' * 7 '7' 7 /7-+7K5 7 -/+, 7 ;,'/5 7 77<F ,-Q,* * *7 ;7, -'*+,'- MPEG$2. L ;,'/5 -' + *' +-* -'*+,'-F *55,* MPEG , -,* * -'-'. E7 /7-+7K,' 5,/5'* 5, 7 SCSF : 5+-' 5,K,* 7,* EMMG*. SCR (S!%-"!) E7 SCR * 7 5;','. S 5'< 5;'' 7 ;,'/5 *' 5;' 5, 7 57 +'--. CK< (C+&$!+- K+!# <"&"!%$+!) E7 C^G * 5'< <'' 7* +7'* 5,-',7 5, 7* * 5;'' 7,* -,*. S +,' 5,/5' 5, 7 SCS. P' 5,/5' 7,* *--,* /7,* * 5/+7 *-'5-' <Q'5 7,* /** -,* 7* -';5*F * 7 *<-
<'5`/**< d +',-,5,7`'*, 1 :-* /**<`-:+ 2 :-* /**<`7<- 2 :-* ;,' (Y%X e X WW) d +'/-'`-:+ 2 :-* +'/-'`7<- 2 :-* 4
+'/-'`7 e+'/-'`7<-f :-* g g D, 5 5/+, 7,* -','* 5 7, *<- !+$++-?"!'+& C/+, 9 -* -;5 7 '* 7 +',-,5,7,. S 7,' *' %K%1. "''%7"$" C/+, 16 -* -;5 7 -+, /*. L,* /**
,
5,,5,* *' <,',* +,' 7 - '5+-,'. "''%7"-"&7$; C/+, 16 -* 5 7 /', :-* 7 /* /-/- *+Q* *- 5/+,. %!%"$"!$" C/+, 16 -* 5 7 -+, 7 *<- +'/-',. L,* +'/-',* 5, 7,'* *5,,5,* *' <,',* +,' 7 - '5+-,'. %!%"$"!-"&7$; C/+, 16 -* 5 7 /', :-* 7 5/+, +'/-'`7 5,-5. %!%"$"!?%-/" C/+, 7,<- '7 5 7 7,' '7 7 +'/-',. S *-K* + 7 -+, +'/-', 7 ,* *-/,* ';',.
$.2.2. MULTICRPT E 7 *+5;55 EN 0%22120F M7-5':+- ; -'; 5,/ : *-', -' 7 5,;5,' : 7 **-/ 55*, 5,5,7. L* -* ,;'5 M7-5':+- 21 *, 7* *<-* •
U /*/, ;'5- +,* + ;'5' 7 /*/, '5+-,' * +' ;'-* **-/* CAF 7 * 7 + ' -'Q* , '* -';5* ;'-* /7,* CA.
•
U *', + 5,-'-' *'5,* ;'-* +',,'* : /-' 5, '5+-,'F 7 57 *,7/- - ' 7,* /7,* CA 5,''*+,-*.
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U +',,' + -7' ;'-* **-/* CA +' ** 5,-,*F 5'/-, * *<' ;'- -* +'-.
E7 5,;5,' 57: 7* ;5,* 5*'* +' '5' ,F , : -,* 5,;5,*.
0
H: 57' ,* -';5* -' /,* /7,*. L +'/' * 7 -'; 7 ;7, -'*+,'-. L *<F ,/ -'; 5,-',7F -'*+,'- '* -' 7 '5+-,' : 7 /7, CA. L *+5;55 M7-5':+-F *- *5'- 5+* +' +'/-' 7 ;-', '5,* /+7/-5. L* 5+* +755 : ** * ; +' -,* 7* +755,* -75 7 -'; 5,/. L 5+ -'*+,'- : 7 75 +' 7 5+ ;J*5 * * /+7/-5 5,5'-. L 5+ ;J*5 * ; 7 EN 0%221 57: *+5;55 5,/+7- 7 /7,. L * +,' 5+* 7 *+5;55 +'/- <' ;7K7 7 *, 7 -';. A +'- 7 CAF * + /+7/-' <' /', +755,* ;'-*. T/Q +'/- 7 *, /7-+7* **-/* CA 7 /*/, '5+-,'. A 5,-5 * /*-' '+'*-5 7 * +,' 5+* 7 -'; 5,-',7. E* +,*7 7 '5+-,' '' 5,K,* -'*+,'- 5, /* /7,F + *-' 5,5-, 7 '5+-,' /' '5- , '5-. C 5,K * /- /-'* 7 /7, *-Q 5,5-,F : 5 /7, <*-,' ;'-* **,* 5, 7 '5+-,'.
!<' 0.0 D* +,' 5+* 7 -'; 5,-',7 20
D5/*/*4' 7,*/, L -'; 5,/ * ,* 5,/+,-* 7 -'; 7 ;7, -'*+,'- : 7 -'; 5,-',7. A/* *- *-'5-'* 5+* +' 5' 7 +',5*, *, : /+7/-5 /* *577,. L* 5+* *+','* *, 5,/* -,* 7* /+7/-5,*F +', * +,*7 '7' /+7/-5,* 7-'-* 7* 5 +* *. L &$"!%> #" -/0+ -'*+,'- 77 +-* /* '55,*. S 7 /7, 55*, 7< *'5, 7 ;7, -'*+,'- : *,* *'5,* *, *755,,* +,' 7 '5+-,'F 6
-,5* *,* +-* 77 5,* *'5,* 7 7 /7, K-', 7 '5+-,' *5;',*F : 7 '*-, +-* , * /,;5.
!<' 0.6 C+* -'; ;7, -'*+,'- 20
L -'; 5,-',7 77 -,* 7* 5,/55,* -' 7* +755,* * *- 5-, 7 /7, K-', : 7 '5+-,'. L,* +',-,5,7,* 5,/55 *- -'; *- ;,* ;'-* 5+* 5, 7 ,-, +',' 7* ;5,7* 5*'*. E*-* ;5,7* *, 7 5+5 *,+,'-' /7-+7* /7,* K-',* 7 '5+-,'F 7 5+5 *,+,'-' 5,/5,* 5,/+7* -'*55,* -' 7 /7, : 7 '5+-,' : 5,-, K-*7 +'/-* ;5,7* +'/- 7 '5+-,' +',' '5'*,* 7 /7,.
!<' 0. C+* -'; 5,-',7 20
L* 5+* **F '5'*,* : +755 *, 5,/* -,* 7* /+7/-5,* ;J*5*. L /+7/-5 PC C' - * +',+ 5+ ;J*5 : 75F *J 5,/, * +',+ *5+ -'*+,'-. E* +,*7 ;-'* /+7/-5,* ;J*5* ;' *-* 5+*. L 5+ +755 * *, +' *' +- 7 *-K*
+755 *+5J;5. E*- *-'-< +'/- /+7/-' /' *577 /7,* '7 ,-'* -'* /* 7* '75,* 5, 7* 55*, 5,5,7.
R7,*5*&5 6J5*/&5 MK-*-5 4+,-&5 L 5+ +755 , /+, 7J/- 7 /', /7,* * + 5,5-' 7 '5+-,' 7 /*/, -/+,. S /'<,F 7 *, 5,5'-, 7 '5+-,' : 7* 5+* ;J*5* *J 7, '. L *+5;55 7 5+ ;J*5 +'/-' : ',* /7,* 5,5-,* 7 7 '5+-,'F +*' 7 *, 7 '5+-,' +'/- 5/- 5,K. I7/- 7 5+ ;J*5 , 'J /+,' 7J/- 7 /', /7,* * + 5,5-'F +', '7 : 7J/- /+*-,F , *' /,' 10 /7,*. C, * + 5,5-' /* /7,F 7 -'; ;7, -'*+,'- +*' -'Q* 5 /7,F -'*,7,* -,,* -7 : 5,/, * /*-' 7 ;<' *<-
!<' 0.9 C,K ',* /7,* 7 '5+-,' 20
E7 '5+-,' /-' */7-/- : /' *+' -';5* 5,-',7 5, 5 /7,F -7 /' 7* -'*55,* -' '5+-,' : /7, * + -'-' /' +- +' 5 /7,. C, * *5,5- /7, 7 5,K 7 5+ -'*+,'- 7 -'; 5,-',7 7,* ,-',* /7,* , * -''/+' , -'/'. S : ',* /7,* 5,5-,* 7 '5+-,'F Q*- *' 5+ *755,' 7 /7, , /7,* 5'<,* *5;'' 7,* *'5,* *755,,*.
9
CAPITULO CONCLU,IONE, L* 5,57*,* * + *5' 5'5 7 *-, '7, *,' 7 5,*-'55 7 55' -7* +,' 57 *, 7,* *<-* $ L ;'*-'5-' -7 +,' 7,* *--,* +',,'* *'5,* ,*7* * ;'*-'5-' -'*/* -'Q* IP. E*-, * *J +,' *- /,,F 7* /+'** +',5 7 ;'*-'5-' 5,*-' +' +'*-' 7 *'5, -7;,J : ADSL +' /* ,;'5' *'5, , -7*. P,' --,F 7 -7* +,' 57 +',+/- 5 +* -, 5+-5 E*+F +* 7 5-7 7 /:,'J 7* ,+','* ,;'5 *- *'5, -'Q* -'*/* IP. A/*F 7 IPTV *- -, /:,' 5+-5 +,' 7,* 7-/,* ,* ,75,, /5, ,;'5, 7-* 7,5*F <' *<' : 57 7 *'5, -' ,-'* -*. $ D 7 5,57* +'/' * 5 +,' --,F 7 5-7F 7,* *-'* 57 DVB$C : DVB$C2 *, /,* '7-* DVB$IPTVF 7 57 /'5 7* ,'/* 5/+7' +' 7 -'*/* +,' IP. $ E 7 5,;55 -', 7 55'F E*+F *7 -7'* MPEG$2 +' 7,* 57* SD : MPEG$4 +' 7,* 57* HD. E*-, * *JF +,' 7,* +',,'* *'5,* ,*7* '-, <' 5- ', +/-, +' '7' 5,;55,* MPEG$2F : MPEG$4 * *-' 5,;55 /* ;5-F 7 +/-, '7 *- -+, 5,;55 * /* 5,*-,*,F +,' 7, 5* /+'** *,7, 7, *- ',, +' 7 -'*/* 57* 7- ;5F : *-,* ,5+ /:,' 5, : '' 5,;55 H.264. $ U-75 -', 7 55' +,* 5>$+. E* ;/-7 -,* 7* 55'* -7* < *, +,* '*' - 7 ;5-5 7 *'5, ,;'5, 7 *',. $ U-75 **-/ 55*, 5,5,7 (CAS). L /:,'J 7,* +',,'* *'5,* ,*7* ,;'5 57* +<, , 57* 5/- + *' 5,;5,* +,' <'+, -'/, 57-*. E* +' 77, 7,* +',,'*
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+',-< 5,* *'5,* 5, **-/ 55*, *<' 5 , 7,* *',* '5 5/- 7,* 5,-,* - 5,-'-,*.
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REERENCIA, P' 7 5'5 *- +',:5-, 7 /:,'J 7,* '5'*,* 5,*7-,* *, +<* =F : -'- * 7 /, /* '+, +' *5' ;,'/5 : * 7 7<' , * + 5,-'' 7,* 7-/,* 5* -5,7<5,* : -,* 7* -5,7,
1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1. H*5&* 1.1.1. COMIENZOS DE LA TELEVISIÓN POR CABLE 1 --+*.*5'.5,/,59#00#11#E*-'5-'\C2\A%<'7\C2\A%\C2\A%7,*\C2 \A%**-/*\C2\A%\C2\A%57
1.2 T-;*5*4' & /0- ' E5 1.2.1 T-;*5*4' & /0- ' E5 2 --+===.-7*,<-7.*C7O+','C7P<*TVC7E*+.*+K 3 --+===.-7*,<-7.*C7O+','*TVC7P<*O+','*TVC7.*+K
1.2.2 T-;*5*4' & ADSL ' E5 2 --+===.-7*,<-7.*ADSLO+','ADSLP<*TVADSLE*+.*+K
91
2% --+===.-7*,<-7.*ADSLO+','TVA*7P<*O+','*\2%TV\2%ADSL.* +K
1.3. E5,/, 8'- + ,' '5*5*4' & /0- % --+=>-7.;,=>T7*\C3\B3`+,'`57
2. DVB 4 ===..,'< 0 --+*.=>+.,'<=>D<-7`V,`B',5*-<
2.1. DVB"C 2.1.1. C&'/& +- S*5 & /0- [6] ETS 300 429: “!'/< *-'5-'F 57 5,< /,7-, ;,' 57 *:*-/*
--+*.=>+.,'<=>DVB$C
2.1.2. F&/*4' + - 5,/, + - 526 ISOIEC1#919$1 G'5 5,< ,; /,< +5-'* **,5- , ;,'/-, S:*-/*
2.2. DVB"C2 2.2.1. D6*'*/*4' 9 EN3%26# !'/ *-'5-' 57 5,< /,7-, ;,' *5, <'-, <-7 -'*/**, *:*-/ ;,' 57 *:*-/* (DVB$C2) # --+*.=>+.,'<=>DVB$C2
2.2.2. C&'/&5 ;*&5 11 --+*.=>+.,'<=>T'*+,'-`S-'/ 12 --+*.=>+.,'<=>PLP
92
2.2.3 C&/*4' ' DVB"C DVB"C2 1% ETSI TS 1%2 ##1 V1.2.1 (2%11$%6) D<-7 V, B',5*-< (DVB) I/+7/--, G7* ;,' *5, <'-, <-7 57 -'*/**, *:*-/ (DVB$C2)
2.2.# D5/*/*4' + DVB"C2 14 --+*.=>+.,'<=>O!DM
2.3. DVB"IPTV --+===.5/,-.5,/.'K.++h,+-,Y5,/`5,--?-*>Y=?Y3?I-/Y1
2.3.1. D5/*/*4' 13 ETSI SR %%% 314 I-775-7 P',+'-: R<-* (IPR*)X E**-7F ,' +,--77: E**-7F IPR* ,-; -, ETSI '*+5- ,; ETSI *-'*
2.3.2. A5/&5 05*/&5 10 D R5F !'5, G',7F I' R,'J< : @** A75,' D*'',77, : *+7< *'5,* DVB$IP 5, *,;-=' ,+ *,'5. D+'-/-, I<'J T7/-5 (ENTEL)F E*5,7 P,7-i55 S+',' C*-77;7* (EPSC) : !5 2C- U'*-P,7-i55 C-7: (UPC) --++5,//,*.+5.$+'-*-*-'/2111%#41-72%1%$DVB$IP$;7$ 5/'':.+;
2.3.3. C&'6*8,/*4' 10 D R5F !'5, G',7F I' R,'J< : @** A75,' D*'',77, : *+7< *'5,* DVB$IP 5, *,;-=' ,+ *,'5. D+'-/-, I<'J T7/-5 (ENTEL)F E*5,7 P,7-i55 S+',' C*-77;7* (EPSC) : !5 2C- U'*-P,7-i55 C-7: (UPC) --++5,//,*.+5.$+'-*-*-'/2111%#41-72%1%$DVB$IP$;7$ 5/'':.+;
2.3.#. SD@S (D5/,0**'& S-//*4' +- S;*/*&) 10 D R5F !'5, G',7F I' R,'J< : @** A75,' D*'',77, : *+7< *'5,* DVB$IP 5, *,;-=' ,+ *,'5. D+'-/-, I<'J T7/-5 (ENTEL)F E*5,7 P,7-i55 S+',' C*-77;7* (EPSC) : !5 2C- U'*-P,7-i55 C-7: (UPC) 93
--++5,//,*.+5.$+'-*-*-'/2111%#41-72%1%$DVB$IP$;7$ 5/'':.+;
2.3.$. T'5& + /&''*+&5 DVB 10 D R5F !'5, G',7F I' R,'J< : @** A75,' D*'',77, : *+7< *'5,* DVB$IP 5, *,;-=' ,+ *,'5. D+'-/-, I<'J T7/-5 (ENTEL)F E*5,7 P,7-i55 S+',' C*-77;7* (EPSC) : !5 2C- U'*-P,7-i55 C-7: (UPC) --++5,//,*.+5.$+'-*-*-'/2111%#41-72%1%$DVB$IP$;7$ 5/'':.+;
2.3.. B&+0'+ C&'' G,*+ (BCG) 16 --+===.-$:-/.,'<
3. USTIFICACIÓN DE LA ELECCIÓN 1 --+===.'/,/77.5,/--,'7*+*,'-'-*7.++
#. CABECERA DE TELEVISION POR CABLE #.2. R//*4' #.2.2. E- R/& 19 --+.=>+.,'<=>A*:5',,*`*'7`-';5
#.3. C&+*6*//*4' #.3.1. C&+*6*//*4' MPEG"2 MPEG"# AVC 1# --+===.,+*.-;557,+/+<$4$+'-1%.-/
#.#. M,-*-/*4' #.#.2. E5,/, + ,' SPTS 29 --+*.=>+.,'<=>T'*+,'-`S-'/
94
