spa design

TURIZAM Volume ��, Issue � ��-�� (����)

Spa-Wellness Center as Part of the Hotel Facility

Milica Rančić, Jovanka Popov-Raljić, Lazar Pavić*

Received: February ���� | Accepted: Aprile ����

Abstract Over he las decades “wellness spa” indusy has experienced a boom around he world. Te word “Wellness” has been formed by merging wo words: “Well Being” + “finess”, and appeared in he hires of he las cenury in he Unid Ss. Te primary objecve of his movemen is an ancien philosophy, according o which here´s here ´s no fulfilled life wihou he assen of he physical and menl, also physical and spiriual. Hol guess, oday more han ever, wan higher quali offer for heir money. Tis means ha wellness is oday a very imporn cririon by which cusomers selec hols. For his reason i is necessary o pay grea anon o he planning, design and consucon of his par of he hol facili. Te subjec of his paper is wellness and spa cenrs as par of he hol facili. Te sk is o invesga and analyze elemens of his space, o dermine spaal areas of wellness cenr, as well as heir relaonships and spaal organizaon, in order o reach he goal - getng useful guidelines for planning quali wellness cenr. o all of his could be achieved, we mus firs go back o disn hisory where dang back he beginnings of wellness. Keywords: hol indusy, wellness, hol developmen, fitng and equipmen 

Introduction

Te word wellness  is  is usually u sually used o indicae a healhy balance o mind, mi nd, body and spiri ha resuls in an overall eeling o well-being. Tis expression is ed or alernave medicine, and i is firs used by Halber L. Dunn in mid ��’s o ���� cenury. Te modern concep o wellness did no, however, become popular unl ����. Te erm is defined by he Naonal Insues o Wellness in Wisconsin as “an acve process o becoming aware and making choices oward a more successul exisence”. Tis is in line wih he changes ha he ocus is away om prevenon o illness and approaching o preven human healh. In oher words, words, wellness is o assess  he sae o healh ha emphasizes he enre being and is ongoing developmen. Wellness can be described as “consan, conscious pursui o living o is ulles poenal” (Zimmer, ����).

*

Universit y of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Departmen t of geography, tourism and hotel management, Trg Dositeja Obradovića �, ����� Novi Sad, Serbia; Corresponding author: [email protected] [email protected]

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Spa-Wellness Center as Part of the Hotel Facility

Alernave approaches o wellness are ofen denoed using wo differen erms: “healh and wellness” and “wellness programs”. Wellness programs offer alernave medical echniques o improve healh. Wheher hese echniques acually improve physical healh is conoversial and he subjec o much debae. James Randi and James Randi Foundaon are he hones crics o his alernave concep o a new era o healh. Wellness ofen includes ma ny healh relaed disciplines, such as herapy wih naural producs. Wellness, as par o he luxury needs, can readily be ound in affluen sociees because i involves dealing wih he body, afer he basic needs or ood, sheler and medical care base are already accomplished. Many o he acvies applied in wellness, in ac, aimed a conolling he side effecs o enrichmen, such as obesi and inacvi. Wellness roos can be ound in ���� cenury, when he middle class in he indusialized world ound me and resources or differen orms o sel-improvemen. Wellness, as defined by he Foundaon o Wellness, considers prevenon wihou drugs, which can no be eliminaed healh problems, bu hey can be prevened. Wellness ocuses on minimizing he effecs o he hree dimensions o sess: physical sess (which causes irriaon o he nervous sysem), chemical sess (which causes oxici o he body) and menal sess (which can igger hormonal changes, mainly in he adrenal glands). I may be noed ha he definion o wellness vary depending on who promoe i. Tese wellness promoers y o ensure a healhier populaon and a higher quali o lie. I is he pursui o a healhy, balanced liesle. Wellness as an alernave concep generally means more han he absence o disease - an opmal sae o healh. Supporers o he program believe ha many acors conibue o wellness: living in a clean environmen, eang organic ood, doing regular physical exercise, balance career, amily, relaonships, and he developmen o aih (Cherry, ����). Parcipang in wellness programs aims o make people eel beer and have more energy. Tese programs allow individuals o ake greaer responsibili or heir healh behavior. Privae wellness programs are ofen enrolled o improve finess, smoking cessaon, and he regulaon o body weigh. Wellness programs in he workplace are recognized by a growing number o companies. Tey are par o he healh and securi o he company. Tese programs are designed o improve employee morale, loyal and producvi. Historical overview of wellness spa-tourism

Visiors o modern wellness ceners are ofen no aware o he origin o he old eamen used during heir say. Indian pracce daes back o ������ BC. Hisory o spa and medical ourism is conneced wih yoga and Ayurvedic medicine. Egypan women used cosmeics (similar modern) ���� years ago. Te earlies known wrings on Chinese medicine dae back o he year ���� BC. Bu Chinese medicine is sll seen as somehing “new” and exoic. Sumerians were sll around year ���� BC buil he earlies known spa complexes, which were buil around ho springs. Te earlies records abou he eamen o medicinal waer dae om he year ������ BC. Hippocraes, a physician and philosopher o he Hellenisc era, said: “... he waer is sll, afer all, he bes medicine.” Oldes culural evidence had ounded swimming in he river valleys o he Indus, where here is an ancien adion o bahing in he waers o he channel, and bahrooms pools. Ancien Greek civilizaon ����� BC inoduces cold waer

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TURIZAM | Volume ��, Issue �, ��-�� (����)

Milica Rančić,  Jovanka Popov- Raljić, La zar Pavić

in which warriors swim and Persians ���-��� BC used seam bahs and mud. Jews had a cleansing riual dip in he Dead Sea waer years ��� BC and Tais (Siamese people) are praccing massage round year ��� BC. Te Roman Empire lef a legacy o incredible spas, demonsaed by examples: Bah, Unied Kingdom (year �� BC), Spa, Belgium (year ��� BC), Baden Baden, Germany (year ��). Roman bahs were popular among he elie o ha me, and were used or medical purposes, bu also as ceners o social lie o rich classes (Košić, ����). During he Ooman Empire, urkish bahs were buil (year ���), and he kings o Grea Briain used he bahroom during he Crusades ����. Saunas have sared as early as year ����h, along he Balc coas o Finland. Te characerisc o Finnish sauna is he sove, which was heaed sones, and he walls are benched or visiors sing. Finnish sauna is a basic pe o sauna wih he high-emperaure (om �� o ��� degrees Celsius) and relavely low humidi (� o ��%). In he ���� cenury he bahrooms in Bormio, Ialy, appears or he firs shower, as well as he discovery o he ho springs in cenal Europe (eg Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic). Te sixeenh cenury is marked by he European Renaissance, which esfies o he growing ineres in balneoherapy (waer eamen) as well as he pracce o medicine (especially in Ialy, where hey were known in Abano sulurous springs and mud bahs in he harbor and Kaldieru). Te firs European spa direcory (European Spa Direcory) is prined in he newspaper Venice in ����, where i is described more han ��� spas. Te seveneenh cenury was characerized by he discovery o mineral and chemical properes o waer, and he effecs are gradually coming o he ore, and he effecs o waer emperaure are also invesgaed. Lae ���� cenury, realized he benefis o sea waer, and i was he beginning o halassoherapy, which was especially popular in France. Early ���� cenury developed modern orms o massage (especially in Sweden). In Germany was opened firs modern hydroherapy spa, providing medical services and air, cold waer and ood eamens. Tis end has begun o sar in Europe and America. In ���� aher Sebasan Kneip sared praccing hydroherapy or he poor. A he end o he ���� cenury, he guides are promoed worldwide medical air and sun eamens, including resor spas in he Caribbean and in Norh Aica as well as Europe and Russia. Te enhusiasm or healh and exercise among high class increased and highly acve ourism became popular (www.srbija-banje.com). Many European hisoric spa owns were buil around healing springs beween ���� and ���� cenury, as Vichy in France. By he end o he ���� cenury, spa eamens and bahing were also developed. Hydroherapy has been sudied as anoher orm o medicine because o he belie in he curave waers. Numerous mounain climae ceners have been buil in he Alps, he Carpahians and around he Medierranean. However, gradually he movaon or coming o he spas changed om medical eamen o ulfilling leisure and relaxaon, so many spas have begun o open casinos and dance halls and oher enerainmen acilies (heaers, parks, libraries...). Te firs inernaonal spa congress was organized in Budapes (he capial ci o he world congress) ����. Afer World War II, he imporance o spa ceners in Wesern Europe began o sagnae. However, he communis Cenal and Easern Europe and he Sovie Union, spa has enered a new phase o developmen where he eamen is mainly sponsored by he unions in heir specialized deparmens. Te big change came in he appearance o spas. Te dominan eaure o heir physical planning became a ade union resors, hoels and sanaoriums. Rehabiliaon or people becoming “combines healing” based on mineral waer, climae and oher local naural resources. Boarding acilies were usually large properes wih pools o mineral waer and equipmen o ea

TURIZAM | Volume ��, Issue �, ��-�� (����)

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Spa-Wellness Center as Part of the Hotel Facility

wih sorage par, a dining room and a conerence room. Miscellaneous services were almos negleced (Košić, ����, Blešić e al, ����). Examples of traditional architecture related to spa-welness activities Roman Thermae In Roman socie here were a place where all equaly were able o deal wih body. Tey were he hermae  (hermos = ho), ha is public bahs in which approach was no limied o anyone. Te firs bahs were buil in Rome in ��� cenury BC bu hey were simple and were called Balneae . Sucure o Roman bahs (example Figure �) would be as ollows: communicaon rooms locker rooms rooms wih heaed air bahroom ho ub cold bahs saunas swimming pools and massage rooms. • • • • • • • • •

Figure 1. Plan of Roman baths found during work on the Student Square in Belgrade Source: dragoljub1938.wordpress.com

Heang o waer has been done hrough a special sysem o floor heang (hypocaus). Heaed air was urned ino canals ha pass hrough walls o specific places in he pools and he waer warmed. Rooms are heaed by he ho air circulaed hrough a special li ning in he cavi walls and he floors.

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TURIZAM | Volume ��, Issue �, ��-�� (����)

Milica Rančić,  Jovanka Popov- Raljić, La zar Pavić

Turkish hamams Te culure and consucon o swimming bahs urks have ooked om he Romans and he Byzannes. Bahs were buil around religious sies as one o he mos imporan buildings (example Figure �). Religion has caused he separaon o men and women in he riual bah. Te sucure o urkish hamam: locker rooms cabins ounain warm rooms ho room cenal flagsone privae angular cells and ub wih auces (Košić, ����). • • • • • • • •

Figure 2. Isabey Isakovic Hammam in Novi Pazar Source: www.novipazar.rs

Spa-wellness center as a part of hotel facility

Guess’ expecaons in spa-wellness hoels increase hrough me (Blešić e al, ����). Tere are increasingly developmen o recreaonal acilies in hoels, he oudoor pools in moels, large wellness ceners in he ci hoels, o spacious gol course and ennis cours, marinas, and ski resors in resors. Alhough research shows ha guess use he pool less, hey however expec hoel o have he recreaon area, ofen offering a swimming pool. I is essenal ha he conacor fis hese acilies (example Figure �). Specializaon in hoel indusy oday becomes more and more harmonized wih moves or vising some desnaon and ha is he reason why many hoeliers oday y o equip heir objecs according o guess` expecacions (Kosar, ����). Conary o he low use, some hoel operaors raher han minimize, expand recreaonal acilies and very aggressively markeed hem, in addion o providing accommodaon. In a very compeve marke, his is one area where a hoel migh have an advanage over oher hoels. For example, developers o ci hoels may include a wellness cener ha com-

TURIZAM | Volume ��, Issue �, ��-�� (����)

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Spa-Wellness Center as Part of the Hotel Facility

Figure 3. Wellness center Opatija Source: www. lifeclass-opatija.com

plemens he oher hoel, business-oriened, he suburb ha is projeced a an indoor swimming pool and oher acilies (Čerović, ����). Differen pes o recreaonal acvies are ofen ound in differen pes o hoels. Generally, small hoels and moels, mid-range, which grealy aac avelers who care abou he price, and include a lile bi more han jus oudoor swimming pool, playgrounds and a small finess cener. Larger hoels, especially hose oriened oward business people are increasingly adding a wellness cener, where you can find he ollowing amenies: gym, sauna, and perhaps room or playing squash. Resors and oher pes o accommodaon which provide services or guess who are saying longer, and hoels in remoe areas where land axes are less, have addional oudoor recreaonal acilies. I is ancipaed ha he spa ceners will have o pay more aenon o creae cerain pars o he building ha are more experienal, where i is possible o “sel eamen”. Tese areas may include seam rooms wih aromaherapy, organic sauna, color herapy air, special ho showers, relaxaon and mediaon, aquamassege ables, oo massagers, and even cerain pars wih challenging and eneraining games. Developmen o spa ceners mus adap o ends where he spa ceners are places o socializaon, and equipmen mus be adaped or a leas wo or hree people a a me. Versali and flexibili in he design o creaon are essenal o mee he requiremens o various marke segmens (Penner e al, ����). An imporan componen o he recreaonal acilies o a hoel is is wellness cener, which is in many hoels become more primary conen hen he pool. Te ocus o he wellness cener is a combinaon o gym equipmen (equipmen used in gyms) and specialized conen, such as seam bah, Jacuzzi and sauna. Larger complexes in he wellness cener include beau salons, mulpurpose rooms or aerobics ec. Iems ha should be aken ino accoun during he planning sage are: Posion: Wellness cene should be posioned so ha guess can ge direcly o he cener, raher han going hrough he hoel lobby. Service Facilies: recepon, hairdresser, lockers o leave belongings, showers and oiles, exercise room, sauna, seam room and Jacuzzi, massage room and lounge. Space: plan complex ha will have a conolling posion and lounge in a conspicuous place, wih a dedicaed privae space, wheher i is shared (a pracce) or or individual use (sauna) (Čerović, ����). •

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TURIZAM | Volume ��, Issue �, ��-�� (����)

Milica Rančić,  Jovanka Popov- Raljić, La zar Pavić

Spatial structure of spa-wellness centre

In developing he concepual design or he consucon o a wellness spa and is equipmen in small and large hoels, one mus deermine wha o pu in he cener. In addion o he basic elemens such as an enyway o he dressing room, oiles and showers, some wih sauna, urkish bah, hen, space cooling (cold showers, ice machine, cold waer pool), jacuzzi, a relaxaon area and o serve differen beverages, o be deermined in accordance wih he capaci o he hoel, i is very imporan o predic in advance wheher i will be wellness only or hoel guess or will be open o oher visiors. Anoher issue is how o sell i, ha is, wheher he price will be included in room price or no. However he mos imporan are ollowing: Te enance o he recepon area is a place where he cusomer has he firs direc conac wih he spa personnel. Tere is acquired firs, songer and more concree impression o he acili in which i came. Recepon, in addion o receiving and inormaonal, has securi uncon. I consiss o a desk, behind which here is all he echnical equipmen needed or he unconing o he recepon and he saff is responsible or receiving, cusomer service, inormaon and greeng guess. Very ofen in he recepon deparmen beside recepon here is a res area wih armchairs. Wardrobe (locker room) is a very imporan par o he wellness spa cener, especially in erms o he securi. Usually conains lockers or each gues individually. Men’s and women’s locker rooms are separae, and here can be locaed oiles. Showers and oiles are an essenal par o any wellness cener. Usually hey are locaed nex o he dressing room (also separaed male om emale). Fiobar is a par o spa cener, which is used or serving ood and drinks. Here guess can reesh hemselves afer aining or eamen. Usually provides energy services and healhy drinks and low-calorie meals in he orm o biscuis, ui and so. Massage rooms should have a emperaure om �� o �� degrees Celsius. Massage bed should no be less han � meers long, �.� m wide and ��-�� cm high, depending on he high o masseurs. Te upper surace is covered wih a spongy rubber maerial om which is suiable or washing. In addion, he bed should be equipped wih several roller pads which should provide ideal res posion. Bed should be covered wih he clean shee. Waer facilies are mainly pools o differen sizes. Tey can be or children and aduls, wih ho or cold, esh or sal waer. Also, he waer acilies are ho ubs and Whirlpool. Tis pe o pool is ofen named Jacuzzi, which is wrong, because Jacuzzi  is name o he company ha was among he firs sared producing whirlpools or “spa pool”, as hey call hem in he predominanly English-speaking. Whirlpools are small pools wih air underwaer massage, filaon, heang, (and equenly) disinec waer sysem. Mos models are fied wih he underwaer spolighs as sandard. Some models are large enough o swim wih he use o he device or he curren swimming and hen we alk abou he spa pool (spa-pool). Finnish sauna  is a room designed as a place or dry or we body heang. Modern sauna originaed om he Finnish sauna. Sauna room is paneled in wood, because inside here should be no par o he subjec or o some oher maerial, especially om meal. Hea capaci and hermal conducvi are differen in meal and wood, and a a high emperaure in he sauna meal pars can cause burns o large scale. In addion o he sauna walls are buil o wooden benches ha can be in one or more levels are used or sitng and lying. When here are mulple levels, saying a a differen level allows o he paen using differen degrees o heang o air. Sauna has no windows, bu he door is opening ha is glazed

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Spa-Wellness Center as Part of the Hotel Facility

wih a hermosable glass o be able o see and conol wha is happening inside he sauna, wha is he healh saus o people who are inside. In addion o he sauna is a small pool or showers wih cold waer. Tere mus be a room wih cold drinks, and holiday reeshmens. Capaci o sauna depends on is size. Small, amily sauna can accomodae our o five people, and in hoels can accommodae en or more persons (www.aquaplan.rs). Russian bah is kind o sauna made o wood where emberaura reaches ��� degrees Celsius. I provides a special pleasure vapors wih he scen o medicinal herbs. In a separae wooden liner saves waer wih various medicinal herbs, which slowly pours on he burning rocks in he bowels o he urnace where he volcanic rocks. Tereby here is expanding seam, wih special, delicae and inoxicang agrance. urkish bah or hamam comes om he Middle Eas, and he room inended or he hammam is mainly decoraed in orienal sle, o gain an impression o heir culure. I is a kind o sauna bahing in seam, where he air is sauraed wih moisure, and he emperaure goes up o ��ºC. Seam consiss o dry and seam filled chamber, and in addion owns and pays or relaxaon and massage. Due o he emperaure o ��ºC and humidi o ���% compared o he sauna, which is ��ºC and humidi om �% o ��%, urkish bah is more comorable say. Te hammam has heaed floors, walls and benches, and does no creae heavy and oggy vapor, visibili has allen, hough he humidi reaches almos ���%. Kneipp Bah is mos amous waer eamen, whose creaor is called he aher o wellness. German Caholic pries-physician Sebasan Kneipp (����-����) developed his pe o herapy wih waer. Te simples is sitng Kneipp bahroom wih wo ceramic bowls or dipping ee o waer wih differen emperaures. Wih a ho waer auce gues can oponally regulae waer and harmonize wih his sengh. Afer a while, he can move om ho ino cold waer. epidarium is a Roman invenon or oal relaxaon, and socializing. I is anaomically shaped wih heaed sone beds, which are perec or ense back muscles. Te walls o epidarium are made o sone, lined wih les or marble. Te air humidi is medium. Te barely exceeds he body emperaure and eel very comorable o he body. Blood vessels expand and ha in remoe pars o he body improves blood flow and he body is heaed wihou sweang. Te hea ha commes ou o he walls, floor and deck acs on he vegeave nervous sysem. Ice cave (ice room) - more hoels and wellness ceners have ice making device used o cool and reesh he body. Cooling his way no only eel nice, bu has a healing effec. Tis drasc change in emperaure shrinks dilaed blood vessels, which improves blood circulaon in he body and gives blood vessel elasci. Ice is used afer using he sauna or seam bah. Tis is he final phase o he “ho bah”, and is a much beer hygiene soluon han adional immersion in a cold pool. Shower of experience  is opical rain and cold og showering sysem, wih agrances and colors. Properly designed shower mus be an inegral par o overall wellness cenar (www.parnakupala.com). Pool as the largest water facility

Alhough he size o pools varies, mos hoel operaors require om conacor o include a swimming pool. Pool needs o be separaed om he public par o he hoel, so guess, who were dressed in bahing suis, do no have o go hrough he lobby. Oher key iems include he ollowing:

�� TURIZAM | Volume ��, Issue �, ��-�� (����)

Milica Rančić,  Jovanka Popov- Raljić, La zar Pavić

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Posioning: pool should be se up so ha guess can ge o i om heir rooms by ele-

vaor or sairs; Orienaon: pool should be se o be, i possible, exposed o sun hroughou he day; Size: I should be large enough or swimming and sunbahing, bu no less han �x�� m wih a leas � m o space or deck chairs on all sides; Exa Facilies:  I should be provided oiles, lockers or leaving hings, sand or he issuance o owels, snack bar and vending machines or drinks, a room wih equipmen and space or addional equipmen and deck chairs; Securit:  here should be no jumping board, ensure non-slip surace, waer deep marks, noce o he rules o conduc a he pool; Children’s swimming pool / Jacuzzi pool:   addional pools should be near he main pool; Indoor pool: pool should be designed wih a glass roo o provide solar ansmiance and easier venlaon (Penner e al, ����).

Pool is a par o he overall comor raher han direc income-generang space. I represens a high invesmen and high curren cos, bu he acvies around he pool can make a profi (selling ood, selling drinks, ice cream, ec.) and should build hem whenever possible. Pool should be locaed so ha i is he ocal poin o ineres or resaurans, bars, gues rooms. Te negave effecs are noise, inererence (irriaon a nigh, ec.). I is necessary o ake measures o shielding, isolang and sae-lighng measures a nigh. Swimming pools can be inernal, exernal, mixed wih esh or sea waer, wih or wihou a sauna, irregular-shaped o fi differen in landscape or square or mulpurpose use. Covering high invesmen and he economy mus be invesgaed previously. Common or sardandni pools are �� x��.� m (mulple purposes wih sands), and he smaller hoels and oher hospiali esablishmens have pools measuring �� x � or � h �.� m. Te boom is usually angled, shallower poron is abou � m and deeper is �.� m deep. Pool should be proeced om cold winds, acing he sun, proeced om he visual surrounding roads and buildings, om dus and leaves... Te pool area can be grouped as a unique space, recreaonal acilies, sauna, solarium, gym, massage and cours (ennis, squash and he like). Pool surroundings have cerain sandards. Surace around he pool should be paved (as noed above a leas � - � m wide) or sunbahing, wih efficien drainage canals, no slippery, easy o clean (debris, oil, sun, ec.) no bumps, o durable maerial, acids, deergens, moisure and drying, high emperaure, cold, shock and scrach resisan. Te mos commonly used are sone les, marble, mosaics, ceramics and more. Around he pool and on he seps here are holders, low volage (�� V) airgh recessed alcoves in he wall or on he boom o he pool. Oher recreaonal and sporng acilies and equipmen wih covered and oudoor pools may include squash cours, ennis cours, a gymnascs hall, a sauna, a solarium. Some hoels in he peak season hiring animaors. Tese acvies can be carried ou in he same places or spors and recreaonal acvies (swimming, or example, a nigh). Waer in he pool mus be connuously recycled or filering, heang and serilizaon. Common sandards or filering is �.� o �.� µm, �.� ppm o residual chlorine, or heaing �.�°C warming per hour, or waer circulaon �-��, or emperaure ��-��°C. Arrangemens should be easily accessible, corrosion resisan and reliable. Oher requiremens apply o floang debris cleared, clean sedimen, waer meer, drainage basins, oiles, changing rooms, showers. Pool may be provided wih special blanke o preven energy loss (a nigh or in bad weaher) and o preven alling debris. Sae equipmen includes lie vess, bell hooks

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Spa-Wellness Center as Part of the Hotel Facility

or drawing, insucons and warnings, phone, firs-aid. Complex equipmen includes ounains, aeraon spray, waeralls, underwaer viewing, creang arficial waves, space or specaors (Božović, ����). The space structure of spa-wellness centers

In developing and equipping each new spa-welness, i is necessary, firs o all, o define he concep - wheher i be a hoel, medical, club or urban wellness. When designing he space i should be used more maerials and archiecural design om surroundings, as well as he smells, sounds and images om naure. o eamen creaon i is imporan o fi ino environmen. A beauul panoramic view may be a goal and guess will cerainly hard orge i. For he projec, i is imporan ha he space is well designed, and a he same me comply wih he necessary requiremens and financial capabili o he invesor. In medium-sized hoels wih ��-�� rooms wellness area can be made on a oal area o �� o �� m². O course, apar om he basic acilies (Finnish sauna, ho bah, a leas one cold shower and ho shower, a place o res and changing rooms, lockers o sore valuables, and a leas wo showers o shower beore enering ino he wellness and oile), an invesor may op or he pool, which, in relaon o he size o he remaining space can be � x �� m. In his case, i is sufficien oal area o ��� m². Many come in he wellness cener or beau eamens. Surely i would be advisable o add anoher �� - �� m² in order o find a place or � - � eamen rooms. When developing wellness spa in small hoel, wih abou �� double rooms (�� beds), i is advisable o cancel he pool because o high mainenance coss, and he size is concerned. I is also enough ��-�� m², in which were included massage rooms. Parcular aenon should be paid o small hoels, which ofen have a need or a wellness cener, bu he problem size o he available space. Wha is imporan or small hoels is he abili o incorporae in he sauna rooms, massage bahubs, or ha can be placed on he errace. In a small hoel i is a grea addional conen. Sauna and Whirlpool can also be insalled ino luxury aparmens. oday’s sauna manuacurers have o offer differen combinaons ha are ideal or small spaces. I is a combinaon o he Finnish sauna, seam bah and shower, which occupies �.� m² and combined shower and seam bah area - �.� m² (www.spawellness.izlog.org). Te ollowing is an example o a small wellness spa in small ci hoel and an example o a wellness spa complex in a resor (Figure �). An example o a wellness cener in Figure � is he pical small own hoel ha does no have oo much space o wase. o he lef o he enance is a recepon area wih waing room in which here are small ables wih chairs and recepon. Tere is also fiobar locaed in recepon o provide ood and beverage services. o he righ o he enance are locker rooms. However, wha is noable is ha no separaon o “clean” and “dir” ways. Guess hen ener he locker room he same way, which laer counnuing o he pool and spa area. A he beginning o he main wellness space, o he lef, here is he massage area which is divided ino wo pars by screen wall (i has wo massage ables). Spa has been singled ou as a separae en, which ook ino accoun he curren space wih he ollowing conens: Kneipp, showers, warm benches, sauna, Jacuzzi. Exercise equipmen is grouped on a separae space. I can be concluded ha his is a spa cener wih a simple organizaon o space, bu a he same done by he book, wih a ew minor flaws, such as he above error in he crossing o “dir” and “clean” ways.

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Milica Rančić,  Jovanka Popov- Raljić, La zar Pavić

Figure 4. Wellness center plan for a small town hotel Source: www.georgiacristea.com

Figure 5. Wellness complex plan Source: www.parnakupatila.com

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Spa-Wellness Center as Part of the Hotel Facility

Te firs characerisc, noced in he example in Figure �, is a separae par or VIP guess, and hereore his spa has wo enances. VIP area is also divided ino wo symmeical pars, wih almos he same conen, wih he only difference ha on he one side is Finnish sauna and Russian bah is on he oher. Te enance o he VIP area leads direcly ino a res area, om which one can ener in massage room, while on he oher side is he oile. Sauna, Whirlpool ub and opical rain cabins are concenaed in he same area. Suppose ha he quali o service in he VIP secon is a a higher level. Nex o i, here is a hallway wih wo passages o he spacious wellness area, which is surrounded by a wall in he orm o ounains and waer walls. Large waer area includes a swimming pool in he middle (divided ino swimming and shallow pool), a ho ub and all he oher acilies ha are arranged around he pool. On boh sides o he pool are se warm benches and chairs and one hand showers. In he immediae vicini o one o he aoremenoned wo enances here is a bar. Spa uni is spaally separaed and includes he ollowing elemens: snow cave, aroma shower experience, Finnish sauna, inared sauna, Russian bah, Kneipp, sal room, seam bah, opical rain wih a oo massage. In conas o hese unis, here is space or a massage, which is divided by a screen ino wo pars. Wha can be seen as a minus or no visibly marked is he enance o recepon area. However, wha can be singled ou as plus is ee washing ub in on o he enance o he spa area, which proves he separaon beween “dir” and “clean” ways. Spa-wellness center conceptual plan proposal for a typical medium-sized hotel

Afer analysis o he enre spaal enes o wellness cener, heir relaonships, as well as all exisng conen, one can reach cerain conclusions useul or unconal archiecural design and projec plan o a quali wellness cener. Large main enance o he wellness cener leads o he lobby (enance hall), where can be seen wo passages, one leading o he recepon and one on he opposie side leads o fiobar. Near he enance space here is a sorage room or close. Te ollowing areas are men’s and women’s locker rooms, each wih a separae oile and shower. Nex wellness cener area conains a finess cener, massage room and solarium. Te above conen need o be placed close o he enance o he locker room, because here are guess who do no wan o go ino he spa area (hey use oher eamens, a gym, massages and solarium). A massage room should have screen (movable) walls beween he massage ables so ha each gues during he massage had privacy. Besides he massage room here is personnel room. From finess room hrough pany one can ener  Finnish sauna. I is imporan ha Finnish sauna is locaed near finess room, because or many users aining programs include he use o sauna. In addion o he Finnish sauna is a Russian bah, and nex o hese wo is siuaed small pool wih cold waer as well as ice cave. Namely, afer he use o he Finnish sauna or Russian bah recommended eamen is cold waer or a shor say in an ice cave, and even more alernae is ansioning om warm o cold environmen and vice versa. For his reason i is very imporan ha he above acilies are concenaed nex o each oher. Te nex room is he epidarium or room wih warm chairs, while on he opposie side here is Kneipp and Turkish bah. Te large hall, locker room and gues space leads o waer acilies. Along i are locaed topical rain showers, and a he boom o he hall and in on o he area wih waer acilies are fee washing ubs, which are very imporan or hygiene. Te wellness cener

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24

13

16 17

9 14

12

4

7 3

15 25

5 11

11

10 11

1

11

23

6 21

2

19

20

8 18 26

9

22

Figure 6. Conceptual design of the spatial organization of spa-welness center (idea by authors)

�. �. �. �. �. �. �.

Lobby Reception Fitobar Closet Men’s licker room Women’s locker room Men’s toilet

�. Women’s toilet �. Shower cabins ��. Feet washing tub ��. Tropical rain shovers ��. Fitness gym ��. Equipment store ��. Finnish sauna

��. Russian bath ��. Ice cave ��. Тepidarium ��. Massage room ��. Personnel room ��. Solarium ��. Turkish bath

��. Kneipp bath ��. Swimming pool ��. Hot tubs ��. Hot pool ��. Jet shower

waer acilies include: a large swimming pool, a ho waer pool and a spa pool, and nex o hem is a  je shower. I is imporan ha here is direc communicaon beween he enance and pools area, in case guess wan o use only pools wihou going ino he oher spa acilies. Tereore, he idea was o separae areas or guess wih differen requiremens, as well as a very imporan separaon o clean and dir ways which in some respecs can be successully solved by insalling bahubs, ee washing ubs beore enering he pool or spa area. In able � i is given SWO analysis o Serbian wellness marke as a conibuon o his concepual plan proposal.

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Spa-Wellness Center as Part of the Hotel Facility

Table 1. SWOT analysis of Serbian wellness market Strengths •

•

•

•

Weaknesess

Lower prices compared with competitors No seasonal preferencies Quality of natural resources (water, air) Intensive development of wellness tourism in Serbia compared with past periods

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Opportunities •

•

•

•

•

•

Lower prices with possibilities to attract turisti from economically developed European contries (German, Scandinavian countres, Russia, Italy...) Changes in a way of living (less free time, more stress, older people, ...) Higher number of spa and wellness tourists Spa and wellness culture became mainstream Perception of hotel guest which consider that wellness centre is mandatory part of hotel object Acceptance to contemporary trends in architecture during equipping wellness centres

Low service quality Lack of complementary services Inadequate promotion of native supply in wellness tourism Non-profesional personnel in spa/wellness centres Lack of strategies and investitions for wellness tourism development Lack of cooperation with other sector of tourism Obsolete and lack of modern equipment Spatial distribution into wellness centres which is not compliance with logical sequence of using ser vices

Threats •

•

•

•

•

Competitors from near environment with more developed wellness tourism (Hungary, Slovenia) Market mismatch of capacities to expectications of contemporary demand Image of Serbia as a sanatorium and destination for static vacation Still bigger interests for 3S tourism than for wellness tourism Absence of foreign investitors for construction and modernization of wellness centres

Source: Authors

Conclusion

Hisory o wellness ceners sared as early as ���� BC, han gradually developed, as can be seen om he example o Roman bahs and urkish hammams. oday’s wellness acilies are a a very high level, so he erms wellness and spa gained more significance. Wellness Cener has become an inseparable par o any more luxurious hoels. I he hoel building is larger and more luxurious, he spaal sucure o wellness cener is more complex. Tere are many pars o he wellness cener, which mus be well organized spaally, o ake place efficien service delivery. Analysis o exisng wellness ceners shows us he good and bad archiecural soluon. On his basis, and applying knowledge abou wellness, we come up wih ideas how o make a good one wellness cener wih a spaal arrangemen ha allows a very efficien implemenaon o herapies and oher services. Curren siuaon in Serbia abou wellness ourism and equipmen o wellness cenes is no a he appropriae level. Progress can be seen in a ac ha in a pas ew years i is recorded more inensive developmen o wellness ourism compared wih he previous period. Unorunaely, compared wih conemporary ends and developed wellness ourism counies, Serbia lags behind boh in archiecural and equipmen aspec. Te opporuni or uure developmen can be ound in beer saegy and provoding financial resources hrough projecs and invesng hose resources in “clever” and economical consucon and equipping o conemporary wellness cenes. In his way, Serbia would have excellen combinaon o adional spa sanaoriums and conemporary wellness cenes, which would in addion wih compeve prices could crea he image o real wellness desnaon. Wellness, as weel as is equipmen, are develop and modernized or years, all in accordance wih he developmen o echniques, echnologies, maerials and resources, bu wih

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Milica Rančić,  Jovanka Popov- Raljić, La zar Pavić

one very imporan acor – user/gues requiremens. Adapng o hem and he resources available, he creaors o hese properes had always ied and connues o make a good acili wih he possibili o even beer service. I seems ha he wellness and spa indusy oday are a a very high level, bu he curren developmen shows ha in he uure we can expec more innovaon in his field. References

Blešić, I., Ivkov-Džigurski, A., Sankov, U., Samenković, I., Bradić, M. (����). Research o exspeced and percived service quali in hoel managemen. Revis de urism – Journal of ourism ��, �-��. Blešić, I., Romelić, J., Bradić, M., (����). Applicaon o modified SERVQUAL model in assessing he quali o hoel services on he example o Wes-Moravian spa zone. Proceedings of he Geographic Insu “Jovan Cvijić” , SANU, ��(�), ��-���. Bogdanović, M., (����). rends in wellness ourism, Universi Singidunum, Deparman or posgraduae sudies, Belgrade. Božović, R. (����). Consucon o hospiali objecs, Seminar work, Facul o Sciences, Novi Sad. Cherry, R. (����). Can You Pray Your Pounds Away?.  Vegerian imes  , ��–��. Čerović, S., (����). Designing and consucon o hoels, Universi Singidunum, Belgrade. Kosar, LJ., (����). Adapng o hoel indusy o modern orms o ourism. Journal urizam ��, ��-��. Košić, K., (����). Spa, medical and wellness ourism, Scrip, Facul o Sciences, Novi Sad. Penner, R., Adams, L., Robson, S., (����). Hoel Design, Planing and Developmen. Rouledge, ���-���. Romelić, J., (����). ourism Regions o Serbia, Facul o Sciences, Novi Sad. Zimmer, B., (����). Wellness. Te New York imes , ���/����, ��. www.dragoljub����.wordpress.com www.srbija-banje.com www.spawellness.izlog.org www.spawellness.izlog.org www.parnakupala.com/sr/sadrzaj/���/projekovanje www.parnakupala.com www.georgiacrisea.com/����/��/atc-spa-and-spor-cener.hml www.aquaplan.rs www.lieclass-opaja.com

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