Speech and Oral Communication: Dyadic Interpersonal Communication

Dyadic Interpersonal Communication

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Interpersonal Communication Communication  –  involves the kind of interaction we refer to as conversation that is oral communication with one person, or with a small collection of people where the major goal is to develop and maintain or improve relationships. Dyadic Interpersonal Communication  –  is a type of interpersonal communication between two persons. It is the smallest nucleus and the most common form of interpersonal communication Characteristics Characteristics of Dyadic Communication 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

There is an exchange in roles from the speaker to the listener  between two persons. Purpose of communication can vary from serious to not serious; interaction can vary from formal to not formal. The social relationship between the persons can be intimate or not intimate. There is no definite time limit It has no specified venue for it to occur  The structure or outline can be pre-planned or not planed at all.

Interview  –  It is the most purposive, least intimate and most formal of all dyadic communication. There is a definite objective in mind and you think of all the questions to ask in order to meet that objective. Ten Different Types of Situation which Illustrate the  Objectives of Interviewers I. Information getting II. Information giving III. Problem solving IV. Persuading V. Appraising VI. Employment screening VII. Creating stress VIII. Counseling IX. Receiving complaints X. Correcting or reprimanding Stages and Principles of Dyadic Communication Communication

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Establishing Rapport –  Rapport – the the period of exploration Guidelines:  Respect existing conventions Find common interest Show a genuine interest in the other person Put the other person at ease Build the other person’s confidence in you Be open minded and don’t prejudge the other person Be natural –  natural  – avoid avoid pretense and artificiality Be subject- or problem-oriented Ask “open” questions Try to be interesting and worthwhile person Maintaining Interaction Guidelines  Give timely signs of reassurance reassurance Share the channel Adapt the conversation as it develops     

Forms of Dyadic Communication

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Conversation  – This  – This form of dyadic communication is the most informal, least purposive and least intimate. Example: asking a sales lady for the price of a  product you want to buy Dialogue  –  This form of dyadic communication is most purposive and intimate compared to a conversation. You hold a dialogue when you have a definite topic to speak  about. There is also a kind of social relationship between the persons involved in the dialogue. It can be semi-formal to formal and is more formal than a conversation

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Negotiate differences Be a good listener  Balance the desire to control with the willingness to be controlled Maximize rewards, minimize costs Search out the other person’s “hidden agenda” Reduce your own defensiveness Respect and trust the other person Terminating the Transaction Guidelines  Know when to terminate the conversation Observe the appropriate conventions Summarize the progress and outcomes Arrange for the next encounter  Thank the person for the time and opportunity to talk. 

Dimensions of an Interview

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Steps in an Interview

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Purpose Plan of action Communication

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Get a subject Narrow your focus Do some research Prepare questions Three Forms of Interview  I. Structured Interview II. Guided Interview III. Non-structured interview Prepare all equipment needed

The Interviewer’s Role

The Interview

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Definition 

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A sequence of purposeful and serious communication between the interviewee(s) and the professional interviewer  engaged in a reciprocal relationship designed to provide and/or receive information (Dillard, 1988) A form of oral communication involving two parties, at least one has a preconceived and serious purpose, and both of whom speak and listen at the same time In all interviews, there is a communication of information, these can be given, obtained or used in decision making. The information can vary from objective facts, opinions, desires, wishes or emotions of one of the participants in a interview.

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Clarify the purpose and content areas Develop tentative questions Factors in Planning Questions  i. Relationship to purpose ii. Factual vs. Opinion Questions iii. Open v. Closed Questions iv. Direct vs. Indirect Questions v. Primary vs. Secondary Questions vi. Neutral vs. Leading Questions vii. Hypothetical Questions Arrange the setting

Interviewee’s Role

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Clarify the Interviewer’s Goals Clarify your own goals Do your homework 

Stages of an Interview 1. 2. 3.

Opening Body Closing

Tips for the Interviewee 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Make a good first i mpression Follow the i nterviewee’s lead Respond to the employer’s needs Recognize and respond to hidden questions Be honest Keep your answers brief Have your own questions answered Follow up after the interview

Types of Interview 1.

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The information gathering interview Tips  a.Be curious b.Check your understanding c.Use the best interview strategies Persuasive interview Steps  a.Define your goal b.Understand the interviewee c.Use persuasive strategies Performance Appraisal interview Counseling interview Survey Interview