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Hjxo`d}`n mjni`n `n`o m`n kdniozni`n hjk`l`xnt` ajnzxz} v`nm`ni`n oenw}xzo}dsdwaj+ Mxdsjx m`n Hjkk "m`k`a Wzw`n+ A`xdktn m`n ]ent+ 044:< 888$ ajni`lzo`n o`x`o}jxdw}do wjh`i`d hjxdoz}< "0$ wdwy` }dm`o mdv`nm`ni wjh`i`d wjwz`}z t`ni v`wdc ajk`dno`n ajadkdod }zlz`n+ "8$ hjk`l`x ajavjx}dah`nio`n wjev}da`k azniodn vxewjw oj}jxkdh`}`n wdwy`+ "7$ vjnij}`bz`n hzo`n wjwz`}z t`ni m`}`ni m`xd kz`x ajk`dno`n mdoenw}xzowd wjg`x` vjxwen`k+ "=$ vjahjk`l`x`n hzo`nk`b }x`nwadwd vjnij}`bz`n+ ajk`dno`n ajkdh`}o`n vjni`}zx`n wd}z`wd ojk`w+ ":$ ozxdozkza

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2

hd`w` lzi`` mdwjhz} }`b`v vjxojah`i`n ajn}`k. Xzwjccjnmd "0422< 077$ ajnijazo`o`n? "0$ vjxojah`ni`n dn}jkjo}z`k }jxl`md ajk`kzd }`b`v!}`b`v hjxzn}zn t`ni wjk`kz }jxl`md mjni`n zxz}`n t`ni w`a`. A`owzmnt`+ wj}d`v a`nzwd` `o`n ajni`k`ad zxz}`n!zxz}`n }jxwjhz} m`n mjni`n zxz}`n t`ni w`a`+ "8$ }`b`v!}`b`v }jxwjhz} mdmjcdndwdo`n wjh`i`d wz`}z gkzw}jx m`xd evjx`wd ajn}`k "vjnizxz}`n+ vjnijo`k`n+ vjnijkeaveo`n+ vjahz`}`n bdve}jwdw m`n vjn`xdo`n ojwdavzk`n$ t`ni ajnznlzoo`n `m`nt` }dnio`b k`oz dn}jkjo}z`k m`n "7$ ijx`o ajk`kzd }`b`v!}`b`v }jxwjhz} mdkjnio`vd mdkjnio`vd ekjb ojwjdah`ni`n "jpzdkdhx`}den$+ vxewjw vjnijah`ni`n t`ni ajnizx`do`n }jn}`ni dn}jx`owd `n}`x` vjni`k`a`n "`wdadk`wd$ m`n w}xzo}zx oeind}dc t`ni }dahzk "`oeaem`wd$. Hjxhjm` mjni`n oen}xzo}dsdwaj oeind}dc `k` Vd`ij}+ oenw}xzo}dsdwaj wewd`k t`ni mdojah`nio`n ekjb Sdie}wot `m`k`b h`by` hjk`l`x h`id `n`o  mdk`ozo`n m`k`a dn}jx`owd mjni`n kdniozni`n wewd`k a`zvzn cdwdo. Vjnjaz`n `}`z mdwgesjxt  m`k`a hjk`l`x kjhdb azm`b mdvjxekjb m`k`a oen}jow wewd`k hzm`t` wjwjex`ni "Vejmld`md+ 0444< 38$. M`k`a vjnljk`w`n k`dn ]`nlzni "0442< 9$ ajni`}`o`n h`by` dn}d oenw}xzo}dsdw Sdie}wot `m`k`b dn}jx`owd `n}`x` `wvjo dn}jxn`k m`n jo}jxn`k t`ni vjnjo`n`nnt` v`m` kdniozni`n wewd`k m`k`a hjk`l`x.   @m`vzn

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vjnij}`bz`n m`n oj}jx`avdk`n m`v`} mdoenw}xzowd ekjb vjwjx}` mdmdo. Wjk`dn d}z+ k`}db`n ajag`bo`n a`w`k`b wjxdnio`kd mdk`ozo`n ajk`kzd hjk`l`x ojkeaveo mjni`n ajni`n`kdwdw a`w`k`b m`k`a ojbdmzv`n wjb`xd!b`xd m`n "g$ vjwjx}` mdmdo mdb`x`vo`n wjk`kz `o}dc m`n m`v`} ajnjazo`n g`x` hjk`l`x t`ni wjwz`d h`id mdxdnt`. Izxz b`nt`k`b hjxczniwd wjh`i`d ajmd`}ex+ c`wdkd}ex+ m`n }ja`n t`ni ajahz`} wd}z`wd t`ni oenmzwdc zn}zo  }jxl`mdnt` oenw}xzowd vjnij}`bz`n v`m` mdxd vjwjx}` mdmdo.

G. B@ODO@] VJAHJK@L@X@N A@]JA@]DO@ AJNZXZ] ]JEXD OENW]XZO]DSDWAJ

Wjh`i`da`n` }jk`b mdojazo`o`n h`by` ajnzxz} }jexd hjk`l`x oenw}xzo}dsdwaj+ vjnijx}`bz`n }dm`o m`v`} mdvdnm`bo`n hjid}z w`l` m`xd vdodx`n izxz oj vdodx`n wdwy`. @x}dnt`+ h`by` wdwy` b`xzw `o}dc wjg`x` ajn}`k ajah`nizn w}xzo}zx vjnij}`bz`nnt` hjxm`w`xo`n oja`}`ni`n oeind}dc t`ni mdadkdodnt`. Mjni`n o`}` k`dn+ wdwy` }dm`o mdb`x`vo`n wjh`i`d he}ek!he}ek ogdk t`ni wd`v mddwd mjni`n hjxh`i`d dkaz vjnij}`bz`n wjwz`d mjni`n ojbjnm`o izxz. Wjbzhzni`n mjni`n b`k md `}`w+ ]`wojx "0448< 76$ ajnijazo`o`n }di` vjnjo`n`n m`k`a }jexd hjk`l`x oenw}xzo}dsdwaj wjh`i`d hjxdoz}. Vjx}`a` `m`k`bvjx`n `o}dc wdwy` m`k`a ajnioenw}xzowd vjnij}`bz`n wjg`x` hjxa`on`. Ojmz` `m`k`b vjn}dnit` ajahz`} o`d}`n `n}`x`

06

i`i`w`n m`k`a vjnioenw}xzowd`n wjg`x` hjxa`on`. Oj}di` `m`k`b ajni`d}o`n `n}`x` i`i`w`n mjni`n dncexa`wd h`xz t`ni md}jxda`. Ybj`}kjt "0440< 08$ ajnmzozni vjnm`v`} md `}`w mjni`n ajni`lzo`n mz` vxdnwdv z}`a` m`k`a vjahjk`l`x`n mjni`n }jexd hjk`l`x oenw}xzok}dsdwaj. Vjx}`a`+ vjnij}`bz`n }dm`o m`v`} mdvjxekjb wjg`x` v`wdc+ }j}`vd wjg`x` `o}dc ekjb w}xzo}zx oeind}dc wdwy`. Ojmz`+ czniwd oeindwd hjxwdc`} `m`v}dc m`n ajah`n}z vjniexi`ndw`wd`n ajk`kzd vjni`k`a`n nt`}` t`ni mdadkdod `n`o. Ojmz` vjnijx}d`n md `}`w ajnjo`no`n h`i`da`n` vjn}dnint` oj}jxkdh`}`n `n`o wjg`x` `o}dc m`k`a vxewjw vjni`d}`n wjlzak`b i`i`w`n m`n vjnioenw}xzowd`n dkaz vjnij}`bz`n ajk`kzd kdniozni`nnt`. H`bo`n wjg`x` wvjwdcdo Bzmete "0446< =$ ajni`}`o`n h`by` wjwjex`ni `o`n kjhdb azm`b ajavjk`l`xd wjwz`}z hdk` hjk`l`x d}z mdm`w`xd ojv`m` `v` t`ni }jk`b mdoj}`bzd ex`ni k`dn. Ekjb o`xjn` d}z+ zn}zo ajavjk`l`xd wz`}z a`}jxd a`}ja`}do` t`ni h`xz+ vjni`k`a`n hjk`l`x t`ni k`kz m`xd wjwjex`ni `o`n ajavjni`xzbd }jxl`mdnt` vxewjw hjk`l`x a`}ja`}do` }jxwjhz}. Wjk`dn vjnjo`n`n m`n }`b`v!}`b`v }jx}jn}z t`ni vjxkz mdvjxb`}do`n m`k`a }jexd hjk`l`x oenw}xzo}dsdwaj+ B`nhzxt "0443< 7$ ajnijazo`o`n wjlzak`b `wvjo m`k`a o`d}`nnt` mjni`n vjahjk`l`x`n a`}ja`}do`+ t`d}z "0$

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M. AJNI@V@ A@]JA@]DO@ MD@L@XO@N MD WJOEK@B

W`k`b w`}z vjx}`nt``n vjn}dni t`ni b`xzw mdl`y`h wjhjkza ajni`l`xo`n a`}ja`}do` md wjoek`b `m`k`b ajni`v` a`}ja`}do` vjxkz

08

md`l`xo`n md wjoek`b5 Zn}zo ajnl`y`h vjx}`nt``n dnd wjlzak`b v`o`x m`k`a vjahjk`l`x`n a`}ja`}do` ajahjxdo`n vjnm`v`}+ v`nm`ni`n+ `}`z oeajn}`x wjh`i`d hjxdoz}. L`gowen "0448 < 9:3$ ajni`}`o`n h`by` wjg`x` zaza a`}ja`}do` `m`k`b ‛vjn}dni h`id ojbdmzv`n a`wt`x`o`}.‑ Ekjb o`xjn` d}z+ a`}ja`}do`

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07

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ajk`kzd

`o}dsd}`w

ojkeaveo. M`k`a vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc }jxm`v`} w`kdni oj}jxi`n}zni`n oj}jxi`n}zni`n vewd}dc md `n}`x` wdwy` zn}zo ajng`v`d }zlz`n vjahjk`l`x`n. Wj}d`v wdwy` ajavznt`d ojwjav`}`n t`ni w`a` zn}zo wzowjw. @o}dsd}`w hjk`l`x hjxvzw`} v`m` wdwy` m`k`a hjn}zo mdwozwd+ ajnijxl`o`n }zi`w hjxw`a`+ w`kdni ajah`n}z m`n w`kdni ajnmzozni m`k`a ajajg`bo`n a`w`k`b. Ajk`kzd dn}jx`owd hjk`l`x t`ni jcjo}dc wdwy` kjhdb }jxae}ds`wd+ vjxg`t` mdxd+ a`avz ajniizn`o`n w}x`}jid hjxvdodx }dnio`} }dniid+ wjx}` a`avz ajah`nizn bzhzni`n dn}jxvjxwen`k. Aemjk vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc  ajazniodno`n wjaz` wdwy` m`v`} ajniz`w`d a`}jxd v`m` }dnio`} vjniz`w``n t`ni xjk`}dc w`a` `}`z wjl`l`x.   @m` = a`g`a aemjk vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc t`ni mdojazo`o`n ekjb @xjnmw "8660$+ t`d}z? "0$ W}zmjn} ]j`aw @gbdjsjajn} Mdsdwden  "W]@M$+ "8$ Ixezv Dnsjw}di`}den + "7$ Ldiw`y+ m`n "=$ W}xzg}zx`k @vvxe`gb . Wjm`nio`n mz` vjnmjo`}`n k`dn t`ni mdx`ng`ni zn}zo ojk`w!ojk`w xjnm`b `m`k`b? "0$ Geevjx`}dsj Dn}jix`}jm Xj`mdni `nm Geavewd}den  "GDXG$ mdizn`o`n v`m` vjahjk`l`x`n ajah`g` m`n ajnzkdw v`m` }dnio`}`n 8!2 "wj}dnio`} ]O w`av`d WM$+ m`n ]j`a @ggjkjx`}jm Dnw}xzg}den  "]@D$

0:

mdizn`o`n v`m` vjahjk`l`x`n a`}ja`}do` zn}zo }dnio`} 7!3 "wj}dnio`} ]O$. Gdxd!gdxd aemjk vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc `m`k`b? "0$ hjk`l`x hjxw`a` mjni`n }ja`n+ "8$ wjk`a` vxewjw hjk`l`x }jxl`md }`}`v azo` `n}`x }ja`n+ "7$ w`kdni ajnmjni`xo`n vjnm`v`} md `n}`x` `niie}` ojkeaveo+ "=$ hjk`l`x m`xd }ja`n wjnmdxd m`k`a ojkeaveo+ ":$ hjk`l`x m`k`a ojkeaveo  ojgdk+ "3$ vxemzo}dc hjxhdg`x` `}`z w`kdni ajnijazo`o`n vjnm`v`}+ "9$ ojvz}zw`n }jxi`n}zni v`m` wdwy` wjnmdxd+ "2$ wdwy` `o}dc "W}`bk+ 044=$. Wjn`m` mjni`n gdxd!gdxd }jxwjhz}+ Lebnwen m`n Lebnwen "042=$ wjx}` Bdkoj "0446$ ajnijazo`o`n gdxd!gdxd vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc `m`k`b? "0$ }jxm`v`} w`kdni oj}jxi`n}zni`n t`ni vewd}dc md `n}`x` `niie}` ojkeaveo+ "8$ m`v`} mdvjx}`niiznil`y`ho`n wjg`x` dnmdsdmz+ "7$ bj}jxeijn+ "=$ hjxh`id ojvjadavdn`n+ ":$ hjxh`id }`niizni l`y`h+ "3$ ajnjo`no`n v`m` }zi`w m`n ojhjxw`a``n+ "9$ ajahjn}zo oj}jx`avdk`n wewd`k+ "2$ vjx`n izxz ajni`a`}d vxewjw hjk`l`x wdwy`+ "4$ jcjo}dsd}`w hjk`l`x }jxi`n}zni v`m` ojkeaveo. Vxewjw hjk`l`x }jxl`md m`k`a ojkeaveo!ojkeaveo ojgdk "=!: ex`ni `niie}`$+

hjxwdc`}

bj}jxeijn

}`nv`

ajavjxb`}do`n

vjxhjm``n

oja`avz`n `o`mjado+ ljnmjx+ wzoz+ a`zvzn k`dnnt`. 8. Vxdnwdv M`w`x

Aemjk vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc mdojah`nio`n hjxvdl`o v`m` hjhjx`v` vjnmjo`}`n t`ni md`wzawdo`n a`avz ajndnio`}o`n vxewjw m`n b`wdk hjk`l`x wdwy`. Vjnmjo`}`n t`ni mda`owzm `m`k`b hjk`l`x `o}dc+

03

oenw}xzo}dsdw}do+ mddn}jix`wdo`n vjahjk`l`x`n

m`n

oeevjx`}dc.

mda`owzmo`n t`ni

Hjhjx`v`

zn}zo

ajazniodno`n

vjnmjo`}`n

ajnib`wdko`n wdwy`

m`v`}

}jxwjhz}

wz`}z

aemjk

ajnijah`nio`n

ve}jnwdnt` wjg`x` ev}da`k. Hjk`l`x `o}dc+ md}znlzoo`n mjni`n `m`nt` oj}jxkdh`}`n dn}jkjo}z`k m`n jaewden`k t`ni }dniid m`k`a vxewjw hjk`l`x+ }dm`o wjojm`x `o}dcd}`w cdwdo wja`}`. Wdwy` mdhjxd ojwjav`}`n zn}zo  hjxmdwozwd+ ajnijazo`o`n vjnm`v`} m`n dmjnt`+ ajk`ozo`n jowvkex`wd }jxb`m`v a`}jxd t`ni wjm`ni mdvjk`l`xd wjx}` ajn`cwdxo`n b`wdknt` wjg`x` hjxw`a`!w`a` md m`k`a ojkeaveo. Wdwy` mdhjh`wo`n zn}zo ajng`xd hjxh`i`d wzahjx hjk`l`x t`ni xjkjs`n. Ojid`}`n mjadod`n ajazniodno`n wdwy` hjxdn}jx`owd `o}dc mjni`n kdniozni`n m`n ojkeaveont`+ wjh`i`d ajmd` zn}zo ajnijah`nio`n vjnij}`bz`nnt`. Vjnmjo`}`n oenw}xzo}dsdw}do m`k`a aemjk vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc  m`v`} ajnmexeni wdwy` zn}zo a`avz ajah`nizn vjnij}`bz`nnt` wjg`x` hjxw`a`!w`a` md m`k`a ojkeaveo. Ajxjo` mdmexeni zn}zo  ajnjazo`n m`n ajnioenw}xzowd a`}jxd t`ni wjm`ni mdvjk`l`xd ajk`kzd mdwozwd+ ehwjxs`wd `}`z vjxgeh``n. Wdwy` ajn`cwdxo`n hjxw`a`w`a` `v` t`ni ajxjo` }jazo`n `}`z ajxjo` h`b`w. Mjni`n g`x` mjadod`n+ a`}jxd vjk`l`x`n m`v`} mdh`nizn hjxw`a` m`n hzo`n wjh`i`d }x`nwcjx m`xd izxz. Vjnij}`bz`n

mdhjn}zo

hjxw`a`

hjxm`w`xo`n

vjni`k`a`n

wjx}`

dn}jx`owdnt` mjni`n kdniozni`n md m`k`a ojkeaveo hjk`l`x+ wjbdnii` }jxl`md w`kdni ajavjxo`t` md`n}`x` `niie}` ojkeaveo. Dnd hjx`x}d+ wdwy`

09

mdmexeni zn}zo ajah`nizn a`on` m`xd vjni`k`a`nnt`+ wjbdnii` vja`b`a`n }jxb`m`v cjneajn` t`ni wjm`ni mdvjk`l`xd ajndnio`}. Ajxjo` mdmexeni zn}zo ajazngzko`n hjxh`i`d wzmz} v`nm`ni }jxb`m`v a`}jxd `}`z a`w`k`b t`ni w`a`+ zn}zo ojazmd`n ajah`nizn wzmz} v`nm`ni `}`z ajnioenw}xzowd vjnij}`bz`nnt` wjg`x` hjxw`a` vzk`. B`k dnd ajxzv`o`n xj`kdw`wd m`xd b`odo`} oenw}xzo}dsdwaj m`k`a vjahjk`l`x`n. Vjnmjo`}`n oeevjx`}dc ajnmexeni m`n ajahjxd ojwjav`}`n ojv`m` wdwy` zn}zo }jx`avdk hjxoeazndo`wd. @x}dnt`+ wdwy` mdmexeni zn}zo  a`avz ajnt`}`o`n vjnm`v`} `}`z dmjnt` mjni`n ljk`w+ ajnmjni`xo`n ex`ni k`dn m`n ajn`nii`vdnt` mjni`n }jv`}+ ajadn}` cjjmh`go  wjx}` ajni`lzo`n vjx}`nt``n!vjx}`nt``n vjx}`nt``n!vjx}`nt``n mjni`n h`do. Wdwy` lzi` a`avz ajah`nizn m`n ajnl`i` ojvjxg`t``n+ }jxhzo` zn}zo ajnjxda` m`n ajahjxd vjnm`v`} wjx}` dmj!dmjnt`+ a`z hjxh`id dncexa`wd m`n wzahjx+ a`z ajahjxd mzozni`n v`m` ex`ni k`dn mjni`n }zkzw. Wdwy` lzi` a`avz ajadavdn m`n }x`avdk ajnijkek` oen}xesjxwd "a`n`idni gen}xesjxgt $ ajnl`md wd}z`wd vxehkja weksdni + ajnioxd}dwd dmj hzo`n vjxwen` ex`nint`. Aemjk vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc dnd `o`n m`v`} }jxk`ow`n` mjni`n h`do ldo` m`v`} md}zahzbo`n wz`w`n` hjk`l`x t`ni ajazniodno`n md`n}`x` wdwy` wjx}` `n}`x` wdwy` m`n izxz ajx`w` hjh`w ajnijkz`xo`n vjnm`v`} m`n dmjnt`+ wjx}` hjh`w m`k`a ajnio`ld wjx}` ajnijowvkex`wd }evdo!}evdo vjn}dni m`k`a ozxdozkza. Izxz m`v`} ajni`lzo`n hjxh`i`d vjx}`nt``n `}`z vjxa`w`k`b`n t`ni b`xzw mdvjg`bo`n md m`k`a

02

ojkeaveo. Wdwy` hjxzv`t` zn}zo hjxvdodx ojx`w m`n w`kdni ajnmdwozwdo`n md m`k`a ojkeaveo. Ojazmd`n izxz wjx}` wdwy` k`dn m`v`} ajnijl`x vjnm`v`} ajxjo` }jn}`ni dmj!dmjnt` m`xd hjxh`i`d vjxwvjo}dc. Izxz lzi` ajnmexeni wdwy` zn}zo a`avz ajnmjaenw}x`wdo`n vja`b`a`nnt` }jn}`ni veoeo!veoeo veoeo!veoeo vjxa`w`k`b`n t`ni mdo`ld ajnzxz} g`x` ojkeaveo. Hjxvdl`o v`m` o`x`o}jxdw}do vjahjk`l`x`n md `}`w+ md`wzawdo`n aemjk

vjahjk`l`x`n

oeevjx`}dc

a`avz

ajae}ds`wd

wdwy`

m`k`a

ajk`ow`n`o`n hjxh`i`d ojid`}`n+ wjbdnii` ajxjo` ajx`w` }jx}`n}`ni zn}zo

ajntjkjw`do`n

}zi`w!}zi`w

hjxw`a`

wjg`x`

oxj`}dc.

Aemjk

vjahjk`l`x`n vjahjk`l`x`n dnd m`v`} md}jx`vo`n m`k`a vjahjk`l`x`n md hjxh`i`d hdm`ni w}zmd `}`z a`}` vjk`l`x`n+ h`do zn}zo }evdo!}evdo t`ni hjxwdc`} `hw}x`o  a`zvzn t`ni hjxwdc`} oenoxd}. 7. Oeavj}jnwd

Oeavj}jnwd t`ni m`v`} mdg`v`d ajk`kzd aemjk vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc `n}`x` k`dn? "0$ vja`b`a`n }jxb`m`v ndk`d+ oenwjv `}`z a`w`k`b!a`w`k`b t`ni hjxbzhzni`n mjni`n mdwdvkdn dkaz }jx}jn}z+ wjx}` "8$ oja`avz`n ajnjx`vo`n oenwjv%ajajg`bo`n a`w`k`b+ m`n "7$ oja`avz`n ajnib`wdko`n wjwz`}z wjg`x` hjxw`a`!w`a` hjxm`w`xo`n vja`b`a`n }jxb`m`v a`}jxd t`ni ajnl`md ehtjo o`ld`nnt`+ lzi` m`v`} mdojah`nio`n "=$ wec}wodkkw  oja`avz`n hjxcdodx oxd}dw+ hjxoeazndo`wd+ hjx}`niizni l`y`h+ wjx}` hjojxl` w`a`. ]jn}z w`l` oja`avz`n! oja`avz`n }jxwjhz} b`nt` azniodn }jxhjn}zo ldo` ojwjav`}`n zn}zo  ajnib`t`}d hjxh`i`d oja`avz`n }jxwjhz} mdwjmd`o`n wjg`x` aja`m`d+

04

m`k`a `x}d+ aemjk vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc md}jx`vo`n wjg`x` hjn`x m`n aja`m`d. =. A`}jxd

A`}jxd

t`ni

wjwz`d

mdw`ldo`n

mjni`n

ajniizn`o`n

aemjk

vjahjk`l`x`n vjahjk`l`x`n oeevjx`}dc `m`k`b a`}jxd!a`}jxd t`ni ajnzn}z} vja`b`a`n }dniid }jxb`m`v ndk`d+ oenwjv+ `}`z vxdnwdv+ wjx}` a`w`k`b!a`w`k`b `o}z`k t`ni }jxl`md md a`wt`x`o`}. A`}jxd oj}x`avdk`n zn}zo ajnjx`vo`n wz`}z oenwjv `}`z vxdnwdv m`k`a ojbdmzv`n nt`}` lzi` m`v`} mdhjxdo`n. A`}jxd m`v`} hjx`w`k m`xd hjxh`i`d hdm`ni w}zmd+ wjvjx}d h`b`w`+ a`w`k`b!a`w`k`b wewd`k joenead+ a`w`k`b ojbdmzv`n hjxa`wt`x`o`}+ vjxdw}dy`!vjxdw}dy` vjxdw}dy`!vjxdw}dy` `k`a+ wjx}` oj}x`avdk`n m`n a`w`k`b!a`w`k`b k`dnnt`. :. Vxewjmzx Vjahjk`l`x`n

V`m` m`w`xnt`+ ojid`}`n vjahjk`l`x`n mdvdk`bo`n ajnl`md jav`} k`nio`b+ t`d}z? Exdjn}`wd+ hjojxl` ojkeaveo+ ozdw+ m`n vjahjxd`n vjnib`xi``n. Wj}d`v k`nio`b m`v`} mdojah`nio`n kjhdb k`nlz} ekjb v`x` izxz mjni`n hjxvji`ni v`m` b`ojo`} wj}d`v k`nio`b wjh`i`d hjxdoz}< `. Exdjn}`wd

Wjh`i`da`n` b`knt` m`k`a wj}d`v vjahjk`l`x`n+ ojid`}`n md`y`kd mjni`n exdjn}`wd zn}zo aja`b`ad m`n ajntjv`o`}d hjxw`a` }jn}`ni `v` t`ni `o`n mdvjk`l`xd wjx}` h`i`da`n` w}x`}jid vjahjk`l`x`nnt`. Izxz ajnioeazndo`wdo`n }zlz`n+ a`}jxd+ y`o}z+ k`nio`b!k`nio`b wjx}` b`wdk `obdx t`ni mdb`x`vo`n mdoz`w`d ekjb wdwy`+ wjx}` wdw}ja vjndk`d`nnt`. V`m` k`nio`b dnd wdwy` mdhjxd

86

ojwjav`}`n zn}zo ajniznio`vo`n vjnm`v`}nt` }jn}`ni `v` w`l`+ }jxa`wzo g`x` ojxl` m`n b`wdk `obdx t`ni mdb`x`vo`n `}`z wdw}ja vjndk`d`nnt`. Njiewd`wd m`v`} }jxl`md }jxl`md `n}`x` izxz m`n wdwy`+ n`azn v`m`

`obdx

exdjn}`wd

mdb`x`vo`n

wzm`b

}jxl`md

ojwjv`o`}`n

hjxw`a`. h. Ojxl` Ojkeaveo 

V`m` }`b`v dnd wdwy` ajk`ozo`n ojxl` ojkeaveo wjh`i`d dn}d ojid`}`n vjahjk`l`x`n. Ojxl` ojkeaveo m`v`} m`k`a hjn}zo  ojid`}`n ajajg`bo`n a`w`k`b+ `}`z aja`b`ad m`n ajnjx`vo`n wz`}z oenwjv t`ni mdvjk`l`xd. Ojxl` ojkeaveo m`v`} mdk`ozo`n mjni`n hjxh`i`d g`x` wjvjx}d hjxmdwozwd+ ajk`ozo`n jowkvex`wd+ ehwjxs`wd+ vjxgeh``n+ hxeywdni  kjy`} dn}jxnj}+ m`n wjh`i`dnt`. Y`o}z zn}zo hjojxl` ojkeaveo mdwjwz`do`n mjni`n kz`wm`n m`k`ant` a`}jxd t`ni b`xzw mdojxl`o`n. Ojid`}`n t`ni ajajxkzo`n y`o}z k`a` m`v`} mdk`ozo`n md kz`x l`a vjk`l`x`n+ wjm`nio`n ojid`}`n t`ni ajajxkzo`n wjmdod} y`o}z m`v`} mdk`ozo`n v`m` l`a vjk`l`x`n. @i`x ojid`}`n ojkeaveo }jx`x`b+ vjxkz mdhjxdo`n v`nmz`n wdnio`} wjh`i`d vjmea`n ojid`}`n. Wjh`dont` v`nmz`n dnd mdwd`vo`n ekjb izxz. V`nmz`n b`xzw ajaz`} }zlz`n+ a`}jxd+ y`o}z+ g`x` ojxl` ojkeaveo m`n }`niizni l`y`h a`wdni!a`wdni `niie}` ojkeaveo+ wjx}` b`wdk `obdx t`ni mdb`x`vo`n m`v`} mdg`v`d. Adw`knt`+

wdwy`

mdb`x`vo`n

m`v`}

ajnijah`nio`n

ajmd`

}jv`}izn` m`k`a vjahjk`l`x`n. Zn}zo d}z+ wdwy` wjg`x` hjxw`a`!

80

w`a` vjxkz hjxmdwozwd+ ajk`ozo`n `n`kdwdw }jxb`m`v oeavenjn! oeavenjn vjahjk`l`x`n wjvjx}d? oeavj}jnwd `v` t`ni mdb`x`vo`n mdg`v`d ekjb vjwjx}` mdmdo+ a`}jxd `v` t`ni mdvjk`l`xd+ w}x`}jid vjahjk`l`x`n t`ni mdizn`o`n+ wjx}` hjn}zo js`kz`wdnt`. Wdwy`   lzi`

ajk`ozo`n

jowvkex`wd

zn}zo

ajnijah`nio`n

ajmd`

}jv`}izn`. Jowvkex`wd m`v`} mdk`ozo`n wjg`x` dnmdsdmz`k `}`z ojkeaveo wjwz`d ojwjv`o`}`n. B`wdk jowvkex`wd mdh`b`w m`k`a ojkeaveo zn}zo ajnib`wdko`n ajmd`!ajmd` vjahjk`l`x`n }jv`} izn` t`ni wjwz`d zn}zo ajng`v`d }zlz`n vjahjk`l`x`n. Izxz hjxvjx`n wjh`i`d c`wdkd}`}ex m`n mdn`adw`}ex h`id a`wdni!a`wdni ojkeaveo+ mjni`n g`x` ajk`ozo`n vja`n}`z`n }jxb`m`v ojid`}`n hjk`l`x

wdwy`+

ajni`x`bo`n

oj}x`avdk`n

ojxl`w`a`+

m`n

ajahjxdo`n h`n}z`n v`m` w``} mdvjxkzo`n. g. ]jw%Ozdw

V`m` `obdx ojid`}`n ojkeaveo mdb`x`vo`n wjaz` wdwy` }jk`b a`avz aja`b`ad oenwjv%}evdo%a`w`k`b t`ni wzm`b mdo`ld hjxw`a`. Ojazmd`n a`wdni!a`wdni wdwy` ajnl`y`h }jw `}`z ozdw zn}zo ajnij}`bzd vja`b`a`n ajxjo` }jxb`m`v oenwjv%}evdo% a`w`k`b t`ni mdo`ld. Vjndk`d`n dnmdsdmz dnd ajng`ozv vjniz`w``n x`n`b oeind}dc+ `cjo}dc+ m`n oj}x`avdk`n. Adw`knt`+ h`i`da`n` ajk`ozo`n `n`kdwdw vjahjk`l`x`n. Ajni`v` vjxkz ajk`ozo`n `n`kdwdw vjahjk`l`x`n wjhjkza ajnijah`nio`n ajmd`. Wdwy`

88

m`v`} lzi` mdadn}` ajahz`} vxe}e}tvj ajmd` }jv`}izn` t`ni ajadkdod }dnio`} dn}jx`o}dc }dniid m`k`a vjahjk`l`x`n+ vjahjk`l`x`n+ mwh. m. Vjnib`xi``n Ojkeaveo 

K`nio`b dnd mda`owzmo`n zn}zo ajahjxdo`n vjnib`xi``n ojv`m` ojkeaveo t`ni hjxb`wdk ajavjxekjb ojn`do`n woex m`k`a }jw dnmdsdmz. Ojn`do`n woex mdbd}zni m`xd wjkdwdb `n}`x` woex m`w`x mjni`n wjoex }jw dnmdsdmz`k. Ajnibd}zni woex t`ni mdm`v`} a`wdni! a`wdni ojkeaveo mjni`n g`x` ajnlzak`bo`n woex t`ni mdm`v`} wdwy` md m`k`a ojkeaveo }jxwjhz} ojazmd`n mdbd}zni x`}`!x`}`nt`. Wjk`nlz}nt`

hjxm`w`xo`n

woex

x`}`!x`}`

}jxwjhz}

md}jn}zo`n

vjnib`xi``n a`wdni!a`wdni ojkeaveo. Adw`knt`+ h`id ojkeaveo  t`ni ajnm`v`} x`}`!x`}` ojn`do`n woex w`av`d mjni`n 0: ajnm`v`} vjnib`xi` `n wjh`i`d ‛Ieem ]j`a‑. Ojn`do`n woex kjhdb m`xd 0: bdnii` 86 ajnm`v`}

vjnib`xi``n

‛Ixj`}

]j`a‑.

Wjm`nio`n ojn`do`n woex kjhdb m`xd 86 w`av`d 76 ajnm`v`} vjnib`xi``n wjh`i`d ‛Wzvjx ]j`a‑. @niie}` ojkeaveo v`m`

vjxdemj }jx}jn}z m`v`} mdvz}`x+ wjbdnii` m`k`a w`}z w`}z`n y`o}z vjahjk`l`x`n vjahjk`l`x`n `niie}` ojkeaveo m`v`} mdvz}`x 8!7 8 !7 o`kd vz}`x`n. B`k dnd mda`owzmo`n zn}zo ajndnio`}o`n mdn`ado` ojkeaveo md `n}`x` `niie}` ojkeaveo m`k`a ojkeaveo }jxwjhz}. Md `obdx }`}`v azo` izxz ajahjxdo`n ojwdavzk`n }jxb`m`v a`}jxd t`ni }jk`b mdh`b`w v`m` vjx}jaz`n d}z+ wjbdnii` }jxm`v`} ojw`a``n vja`b`a`n v`m` wjaz` wdwy`.

87

3. Js`kz`wd

Js`kz`wd hjk`l`x mdk`ozo`n v`m` `y`k vjk`l`x`n wjh`i`d vx`!}jw+ wjk`a` vjahjk`l`x`n+ wjx}` b`wdk `obdx hjk`l`x wdwy` h`do dnmdsdmz a`zvzn ojkeaveo. Wjk`a` vxewjw vjahjk`l`x`n+ js`kz`wd mdk`ozo`n mjni`n ajni`a`}d

wdo`v+

oj}x`avdk`n

m`n

oja`avz`n

hjxvdodx

wjx}`

hjxoeazndo`wd wdwy`. Ojwzniizb`n ajnijxl`o`n }zi`w+ b`wdk jowvkex`wd+ oja`avz`n hjxvdodx oxd}dw m`n keidw m`k`a ajahjxdo`n v`nm`ni`n `}`z `xizajn}`wd+ oja`z`n zn}zo hjojxl` w`a` m`n ajadozk }`niizni l`y`h hjxw`a`+ ajxzv`o`n gen}eb `wvjo!`wvjo t`ni m`v`} mdndk`d wjk`a` vxewjw vjahjk`l`x`n hjxk`niwzni. Wjm`nio`n vxewjmzx js`kz`wd< h. Vjndk`d`n dnmdsdmz `m`k`b js`kz`wd }jxb`m`v }dnio`} vja`b`a`n wdwy` }jxb`m`v a`}jxd t`ni mdo`ld+ ajkdvz}d x`n`b oeind}dc+ `cjo}dc+ m`n oj}x`avdk`n. g. Vjndk`d`n ojkeaveo ajkdvz}d hjxh`i`d dnmdo`}ex ojhjxb`wdk`n ojkeaveo

wjvjx}d+

ojoebjwdc`n+

vjni`ahdk`n

ojvz}zw`n+

ojxl`w`a`+ mwh. Oxd}jxd` vjndk`d`n m`v`} mdwjv`o`}d hjxw`a` v`m` y`o}z exdjn}`wd. Oxd}jxd` dnd mdvjxkzo`n wjh`i`d vjmea`n izxz m`n wdwy` m`k`a zv`t` ajng`v`d ojhjxb`wdk`a hjk`l`x+ `v`o`b wzm`b wjwz`d mjni`n oeavj}jnwd t`ni }jk`b md}jn}zo`n.

8=

C. W]X@]JID HJK@L@X OEEVJX@]DC AZK]D KJSJK

W}x`}jid hjk`l`x oeevjx`}dc azk}d kjsjk `m`k`b hjk`l`x m`k`a ojkeaveo ojgdk mjni`n ajnzahzbo`n ojxl`w`a` wjs`x` a`owda`k ajk`kzd ojid`}`n vjahjk`l`x`n ekjb }ja`n wjnmdxd mjnin wdw}da azk}d kjsjk md m`k`ant` zn}zo ajng`v`d oeavjn}jnwd m`w`x. Ojzniizk`n W}x`}jid Hjk`l`x Ojkeaveo Oeevjx`}dc Azk}d Kjsjk `m`k`b< 0. Ajnt`ldo`n

vjahjk`l`x`n

t`ni

`o}dc+

oxj`}dc+

jcjo}dc+

m`n

ajntjn`nio`n. 8. Wdwy` m`v`} m`v`} ajni`o}z`ko`n ajni`o}z`ko`n oja`vz`nnt` ajk`kzd vjx`nnt` vjx`nnt` m`k`a m`k`a ojid`}`n vjjx }j`gbdni. 7. Ajadkdod m`t` wjx`v t`ni }dniid =. Izxz m`v`} ajavjxh`dod i`t` ajni`l`x. :. Ojid`}`n hjk`l`x t`ni wjazk` hjxvzw`} v`m` izxz ajnl`md h`nt`o  hjxvzw`} v`m` azxdm

I. K@NIO@B K@NIO@B HJK@L@X OEEVJX@]DC AZK]D KJSJK  ‗ 

 @m`vzn k`nio`b!k`nio`b vjnjx`v`n w}x`}jid hjk`l`x oeevjx`}dc azk}d kjsjk ajniizn`o`n k`nio`b t`ni }jk`b mdljk`wo`n v`m` vxewjmzx vjk`ow`n``n w}x`}jid hjk`l`x oeevjx`}dc md `}`w+ mjni`n ojazmd`n ajah`id ojkeaveo ajnl`md }dnio`}`n!}dnio`}`n t`ni ojazmd`n ajnl`md wz`}z l`kzx ojxl`w`a` hjk`l`x+ wjh`i`d hjxdoz}< 0. Ajnjn}zo`n wdwy` wdwy` t`ni t`ni hjx`m` md kjsjk 0+ kjsjk 8 m`n kjsjk 7.

8:

8. Ajahjn}zo ojkeaveo. 7. Izxz ajahjxdo`n ajahjxdo`n a`}jxd wjg`x` ojwjkzxzb`n m`n ajahjxd KOW. KOW. =. Kjsjk 0 mdhjxd a`}jxd m`n KOW. :. Wdwy` kjsjk 0 ajahjxdo`n oj wdwy` wdwy` kjsjk 8. 3. Mjni`n mdh`n}z mdh`n}z wdwy` kjsjk 0. kjsjk 8 ajahjxdo`n ajahjxdo`n KOW oj wdwy` kjsjk 7. 9. Izxz aja`n}`z aja`n}`z m`n ajnijs`kz`wd vxewjw ojid`}`n vjahjk`l`x`n. 2. Vxjwjn}`wd. 4. Vjndk`d`n `obdx. 06. Vjnib`xi``n ojkeaveo m`n dnmdsdmz.

83

H@H DDD OJWDAVZK@N M@N W@X@N

W}x`}jid Hjk`l`x Ojkeaveo Oeevjx`}dc Azk}d Kjsjk }jk`b vjnzkdw vx`o}jo`n t`ni b`wdknt` gzozv wdindcdo`n. Wdwy` w`ni`} `n}zwd`w m`k`a vxewjw vjahjk`l`x`n. Izxz }dm`o }jxk`kz nie}e} m`k`a ajnljk`wo`n a`}jxd+ h`id `n`o t`ni ozx`ni v`nm`d }jxnt`}` vjnljk`w`n m`xd }ja`n kjhdb azm`b md}jxda`.   @obdxnt` m`k`a zv`t` ajndnio`}o`n jcjo}dcd}`w vjahjk`l`x`n a`}ja`}do` m`v`} mdxjoeajnm`wdo`n wjh`i`d hjxdoz}? 0. Vjahjk`l`x`n a`}ja`}do` t`ni wjk`a` wjk`a` dnd ajniizn`o`n oensjwden`k wzm`b y`o}znt` mdi`n}d w}x`}jid t`ni ajazm`bo`n `n`o. 8. M`k`a ajni`l`x izxz hdw` ajxzh`b i`t` ajni`l`x. 7. Ajngdv}`o`n kdniozni`n hjk`l`x t`ni t`ni t`ni ajahz`} ajahz`} wdwy` wdwy` }dm`o }dm`o }`oz} w`k`b. =. Ajahjxdo`n l`adn`n hjk`l`x t`ni vewd}dc wjg`x` jaewden`k. jaewden`k.

89

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Ntea`n.Wzm`n`. V@X@MDIA@ VJNMDMDO@N. A`k`ni<

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Mjv`x}jajn

Vjnmdmdo`n

N`wden`k

8667.

Aemjk Vjahjk`l`x`n 

A`}ja`}do` Wjoek`b M`w`x  

M`b`x+ X.Y. 0424. ]jexd!]jexd Hjk`l`x + L`o`x}`< Jxk`nii`.

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Bzmete+ B. 0446. W}x`}jid Ajni`l`x Hjk`l`x A`}ja`}do` . A`k`ni< DODV A`k`ni.

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Xzwjccjnmd+ J.]. 0422. Vjni`n}`x Ojv`m` Ajah`n}z Izxz  Ajnijah`nio`n Ajnijah`nio`n Oeavj}jnwdnt Oe avj}jnwdnt` ` m`k`a Vjni`l`x`n  A`}ja`}do` zn}zo Ajndnio`}o`n GHW@. GHW@ . H`nmzni< ]`xwd}e.

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Wzlene. 0422. Vjni`l`x`n A`}ja`}do` zn}zo Wjoek`b  Ajnjni`b . L`o`x}`< Mjv`x}jajn Vjnmdmdo`n m`n Ojhzm`t``n.



Wzv`xne+ V. 0443. Cdkw`c`} Oenw}xzo}dsdwaj m`k`a Vjnmdmdo`n .  Teit`o`x}`<  Teit`o`x}`< O`ndwdzw.

82