STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK AGROINDUSTRI KELAPA BERORIENTASI EKSPOR

X[UG[JDN YJAGXGUGF YULKZ@ GDULNFKZX[UN @JOGYG EJULUNJF[GXN J@XYLU

X@UNYXN

GDN[G YZXYG KJTN B8;9499:7

BG@ZO[GX [J@FLOLDN YJU[GFNGF NFX[N[Z[ YJU[GFNGF ELDLU ELDLU 5977

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.































Agu`j{nfd X{ug{jd~ blu J}ylu{ Lunjf{jk Hlhlfz{ Gdul!nfkzx{u~ Yulkzh{ Gdn{g Yzxyg Kjtn Kjygu{ajf{ lb Gdulnfkzx{ungo [jhmflold~/ Bghzo{~ lb Gdunhzo{zugo [jhmflold~/ Eldlu Gdunhzo{zugo Zfnrjuxn{~/ NYE Kguagdg Hgayzx/ YL EL] 559 Eldlu/ Tjx{ Cgrg/ Nfklfjxng& jagno3 gdn{gyzxygkjtnI~agno&hla ^gfkug Gu`jagf gfk A& Sjnf Fgxz{nlf Kjygu{ajf{ lb Gdulnfkzx{ungo [jhmflold~/ Bghzo{~ lb Gdunhzo{zugo [jhmflold~/ Eldlu Gdunhzo{zugo Zfnrjuxn{~/ NYE Kguagdg Hgayzx/ YL EL] 559 Eldlu/ Tjx{ Cgrg/ Nfklfjxng&

GEX[UGH[ Nfklfjxng mgx {mj ogudjx{ hlhlfz{ gujg nf {mj tluok/ gelz{ 8/=: anoonlf mjh{guj& N{ nx goxl {mj enddjx{ yulkzhju lb hlhlfz{ nf {mj tluok/ {mg{ yulkzhj gulzfk 72/;>= enoonlf fz{x jwznrgojf{ -8/8 anoonlf {lf nf hlyug jwznrgojf{.& Mltjrju/ {mnx xn{zg{nlf kljx fl{ ajgf {mg{ Nfklfjxng ejhlaj {mj enddjx{ j}ylu{ju lb hlhlfz{ gdul! nfkzx{u~ yulkzh{ nf {mj tluok& [mj j}ylu{ rgozj lb hlhlfz{ gdul!nfkzx{u~ yulkzh{x lb Nfklfjxng nx lfo~ gelz{ 2:/:* lb {l{go Ymnonyynfj j}ylu{x lb hlhlfz{ gdul!nfkzx{u~ yulkzh{x nf 599>& Nf bgh{/ Nfklfjxng gfk {mj Ymnonyynfjx mgrj {mj xnanogu hmgugh{junx{nhx gfk yogf{g{nlf kjrjolyajf{ yg{{jufx {mg{ guj alx{o~ klfj e~ {mj bguaju {mjaxjorjx& [mjujbluj/ {mnx ujxjguhm yzuylxj nx {l kj{juanfj yulxyjh{nrj lb hlhlfz{ gdul!nfkzx{u~ yulkzh{ {l ej kjrjolyjk nf j}ylu{ agu`j{ tn{m J}ylfjf{ngo Hlaygug{nrj Aj{mlk/ {l kj{juanfj yl{jf{ngo agu`j{ lb {mj yulxyjh{nrj yulkzh{x tn{m Gfgo~{nhgo Mnjuguhm~ Yulhjxx/ gfk {l bluazog{j agu`j{nfd x{ug{jd~ blu hlhlfz{ gdul! nfkzx{u~ yulkzh{ j}ylu{ lunjf{jk tn{m Elx{lf Hlfxzo{nfd Dulzy -EHD. ag{un}/ Nf{jufgo Bgh{lu Jrgozg{nlf -NBJ. ag{un}/ J}{jufgo Bgh{lu Jrgozg{nlf -JBJ. ag{un}/ Nf{jufgo!J}{jufgo

ag{un}/

gfk

X{ujfd{m!Tjg`fjxx!Lyylu{zfn{~![mujg{

-XTL[.

ag{un}& [mj ujxzo{ nfknhg{jk {mj xjojh{nlf lb yulxyjh{nrj yulkzh{x tn{m J}ylfjf{ngo Hlaygug{nrj Aj{mlk xmltjk {mg{ kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ -KH. guj {mj alx{ yulxyjh{nrj yulkzh{ tn{m {mj agnf yl{jf{ngo agu`j{ nx Hmnfg& Egxjk lf ujxjguhm ujxzo{/ {mj ejx{ agu`j{ x{ug{jd~ {l nfhujgxj j}ylu{ rgozj lb hlhlfz{ gdul!nfkzx{u~ yulkzh{x guj ujyogf{nfd {mj hlhlfz{ gujg/ nfhujgxj yulkzh{nlf yulhjxx jbbnhnjfh~/ nfhujgxj wzgon{~ lb {mj yulkzh{x/ hujg{j dlrjufajf{ ludgfnsg{nlf {l guugfdj j}ylu{ lb hlhlfz{ yulkzh{x bula anflu nfkzx{unjx gfk bguajux/ gh{nrj {l g{{jfk hlhlfz{ j}mnen{nlfx nf yl{jf{ngo agu`j{x/ kjrjoly j}ylu{ agu`j{ {l l{mju hlzf{unjx/ on`j ZXG/ Jgx{ Jzulyj/ gfk Hmnfg/ gfk kjrjoly aluj rgozj!gkkjk yulkzh{x&































GDN[G YZXYG KJTN& B8;9499:7& X{ug{jdn Yjagxgugf Yulkz` Gdulnfkzx{un @jogyg

Ejulunjf{gxn J`xylu& Kn egtgm enaenfdgf ^gfkug Gu`jagf kgf A& Sjnf Fgxz{nlf& 5977

UNFD@GXGF Nfklfjxng ajuzyg`gf yulkzxjf `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng kjfdgf ozgx {gfgagf `jogyg xj`n{gu 8/=: cz{g mg kgf yulkz`xn xj`n{gu 72/;>= anongu ez{nu `jogyg -8/8 cz{g {lf xj{gug `lyug. -GYHH/ 599>.& Fgazf/ mgo nfn {nkg` ogf{gx ajfcgkn`gf Nfklfjxng xjegdgn fjdgug yjfdj`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng& Ajfzuz{ Hlhlfz{ X{g{nx{nhgo ^jguell` GYHH -599>./ {l{go ozgx ogmgf `jogyg ~gfd knanon`n Nfklfjxng mgf~g agayz ajfdmgxno`gf j`xylu xj!fnogn ZX+ :4=/>45 cz{g& Xjkgfd`gf Bnonynfg ~gfd mgf~g ajanon`n ozgx ogmgf {l{go xj`n{gu 8/;95 cz{g mg kjfdgf yulkz`xn 7:/24 anongu ez{nu `jogyg/ {j{gyn agayz ajfkzogfd kjrnxg j`xylu mnfddg ZX+ ==;/955 cz{g& Mgo nfn ajfgfkg`gf fnogn j`xylu `jogyg Nfklfjxng kgf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{unf~g mgf~g xj`n{gu 2:/: * kgun {l{go j`xylu `jogyg Bnonynfg kgf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{unf~g ygkg {gmzf 599>& Ygkgmgo/ Nfklfjxng kgf Bnonynfg ajanon`n `jxgaggf `gug`{junx{n` ylog yjfdjaegfdgf kgf yju`jezfgf ~gfd xjegdngf ejxgu knog`z`gf xjfknun lojm yj{gfn& Lojm `gujfg n{z/ yjuoz kn{jf{z`gf yulkz`!yulkz` ~gfd ajanon`n yulxyj` egdzx zf{z` kn`jaegfd`gf kgf knygxgu`gf kn ygxgu j`xylu xju{g ygxgu yl{jfxngo ~gfd mguzx kn{zcz& Xjognf n{z/ knyjuoz`gf x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd {jyg{ ~gfd xjxzgn kjfdgf `lfknxn nf{jufgo kgf j`x{jufgo gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng xgg{ nfn zf{z` kgyg{ ejuxgnfd kgf ajfnfd`g{`gf czaogm kgf fnogn j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng& Yjfjon{ngf nfn eju{zczgf zf{z` ajfdnkjf{nbn`gxn ajfdnkjf{nbn`gxn kgf ajfjf{z`gf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd yulxyj`{nb zf{z` knj`xylu/ ajfdnkjf{nbn`gxn kgf ajfjf{z`gf ygxgu yl{jfxngo zf{z` j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd yulxyj`{nb/ xju{g ajuzazx`gf x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd xjxzgn egdn j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng kgoga ajfdmgkgyn yjuxgnfdgf& Kg{g ~gfd kn`zayzo`gf kgoga yjfjon{ngf gkgogm kg{g yunaju kgf xj`zfkju& Kg{g yunaju knyjulojm ejukgxgu`gf mgxno tgtgfhgug kjfdgf ygug yg`gu `jogyg kgf yjfdnxngf `zjxnlfju& Kg{g xj`zfkju knyjulojm kgun Hlhlfz{ X{g{nx{nhgo ^jgu 599> Gxngf gfk Ygxnbnh Hlhlfz{ Hlaazfn{~ -GYHH./ agu`j{ lbbnhj GYHH Cg`gu{g/

Kjtgf @jogyg Nfklfjxng -Kj`nfkl./ Knuj`{lug{ Cjfkjugo Yju`jezfgf/ Egogn Ejxgu Nfkzx{un Gdul -EENG./ @jajf{ungf Yjunfkzx{ungf/ @jajf{ungf Yjukgdgfdgf/ xju{g nfbluagxn!nfbluagxn ognff~g ~gfd eju`gn{gf kjfdgf yjfjon{ngf ~gfd knyjulojm kgun ez`z!ez`z on{jug{zu/ ajkng agxxg/ agzyzf ajkng joj`{ulfn` -nf{jufj{.& Aj{lkj yjfdlogmgf kgf gfgonxnx kg{g kgoga yjfjon{ngf nfn knog`z`gf xjhgug eju{gmgy& Ygkg {gmgy gtgo/ knog`z`gf yjfjf{zgf yulkz` yulxyj`{nb ajfddzfg`gf Aj{lkj Yjuegfknfdgf J`xylfjfxngo -AYJ.& [gmgy xjogfcz{f~g gkgogm yjfjf{zgf ygxgu yl{jfxngo kjfdgf ajfddzfg`gf aj{lkj Gfgo~{nhgo Mnjuguhm~ Yulhjxx -GMY. kjfdgf egf{zgf yulduga J}yju{ Hmlnhj 5999& Xjogfcz{f~g/ {gmgy bluazogxn

x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf kjfdgf ajfddzfg`gf yjfkj`g{gf `lfxjy agfgcjajf x{ug{jdnx& Kg{g kgf nfbluagxn knlogm xjhgug `zgon{g{nb kgf `zgf{n{g{nb& Gfgonxnx `zgon{g{nb ejuxnbg{ kjxùny{nb kndzfg`gf zf{z` ajfdj{gmzn bg`{lu!bg`{lu nf{jufgo -`j`zg{gf kgf `jojagmgf. kgf bg`{lu!bg`{lu j`x{jufgo -yjozgfd kgf gfhgagf. gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng kgoga ajfdmgkgyn ygxgu j`xylu& Xjajf{gug gfgonxnx `zgf{n{g{nb knog`z`gf kgoga ajfdgfgonxnx ylnxnxn ylu{lblonl gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ajfddzfg`gf Ag{un`x Elx{lf Hlfxzo{nfd Dulzy -EHD./ `jazkngf gfgonxnx `zgf{n{g{nb {gmgy nfyz{ ajogozn ag{un`x Nf{jufgo Bgh{lu Jrgozg{nlf -NBJ. kgf ag{un`x J}{jufgo Bgh{lu Jrgozg{nlf -JBJ./ {gmgy yjfhlhl`gf ajogozn ag{un`x Nf{jufgo!J}{jufgo -NJ. kgf ag{un`x X{ujfd{m!Tjg`fjxx!Lyylu{zfn{~![mujg{ -XTL[.& Mgxno yjfjon{ngf ajfzfcz``gf yjanonmgf yulkz` yulxyj`{nb kjfdgf Aj{lkj Yjuegfknfdgf































Mgxno yjanonmgf ygxgu yl{jfxngo kjfdgf ajfddzfg`gf aj{lkj GMY ajfzfcz``gf egmtg ygxgu yl{jfxngo z{gag kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ gkgogm Hmnfg kjfdgf x`lu xjejxgu 9/;24/ zuz{gf `jkzg kgf {jug`mnu gkgogm Djuagf~ kgf Yg`nx{gf kjfdgf x`lu agxnfd!agxnfd xjejxgu 9/88: kgf 9/7>=& Ygxgu yl{jfxngo z{gag anf~g` `jogyg czdg Hmnfg kjfdgf x`lu {ju{nfddn ~gn{z 9/:2>/ kjfdgf zuz{gf `jkzg kgf {jug`mnu gkgogm ZXG kgf @lujg kjfdgf x`lu agxnfd!agxnfd xjejxgu 9/554 kgf 9/59;& Xjkgfd`gf zf{z` yulkz` RHL/ Nfklfjxng agxnm ajfdj`xylu yulkz` RHL {juxjez{ kgoga czaogm xgfdg{ `jhno/ ~gn{z xj`n{gu :99 `d xgaygn kjfdgf 7999 `d yju {gmzff~g/ xjmnfddg ygxgu yl{jfxngo RHL Nfklfjxng knyjulojm kgun kg{g j`xylu RHL Bnonynfg xjegdgn agu`j{ ojgkju j`xylu RHL& Fjdgug ~gfd ajfcgkn ygxgu yl{jfxngo j`xylu RHL Nfklfjxng gkgogm fjdgug Gajun`g/ `gujfg fjdgug {juxjez{ ajuzyg`gf fjdgug ~gfd ygonfd ejxgu ajfdnaylu RHL kgun Bnonynfg kjfdgf czaogm yjaejongf ~gfd knog`z`gf ojenm kgun :9* {l{go j`xylu RHL Bnonynfg/ ~gn{z xjejxgu 79=5 {lf ygkg {gmzf 599>& Xjognf n{z/ Gajun`g ajuzyg`gf fjdgug kjfdgf nfkzx{un yulkz` `jxjmg{gf kgf `lxaj{n` {juegf~g` kn kzfng/ ~gn{z agxnfd!agxnfd xjejxgu ==&;:5 kgf 78&:=; zfn{/ ~gfd agfg RHL xjfknun gyon`gxnf~g xjegdngf ejxgu zf{z` yulkz` `jxjmg{gf kgf `lxaj{n`& Ejukgxgu`gf ylxnxn gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ -KH. ~gfd ejugkg ygkg ylxnxn kldx ygkg gfgonxnx ag{un`x EHD/ ~gfd ejugkg ygkg xjo R ygkg ag{un`x NJ kgf ejukgxgu`gf go{jufg{nb x{ug{jdn ~gfd knezg{ ygkg ag{un`x XTL[ ~gfd knog`z`gf/ x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd kgyg{ knog`z`gf zf{z` ajfnfd`g{`gf j`xylu KH Nfklfjxng gkgogm kjfdgf ajfnfd`g{`gf jbnxnjfxn yulxjx gdgu kgyg{ ajayju`jhno eng~g kgf ajfnfd`g{`gf `jzf{zfdgf/ ajfnfd`g{`gf `zgon{gx yulkz` {juz{gag kgun xjdn xnbg{ mndnjfnxf~g kn`gujfg`gf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ajuzyg`gf yulkz` ~gfd 799* yjfddzfggff~g zf{z` ajayulkz`xn ygfdgf xjmnfddg kgyg{ ajajfzmn yjuanf{ggf ygxgu j`xylu ~gfd xjag`nf ajfnfd`g{/ ajfnfd`g{`gf `jazkgmgf enulùgxn kgoga yulxjx j`xylu!naylu dzfg ajfdg{gxn gfhgagf z{gag ~gfd agfg naylu kgun Xnfdgyluj ojenm azkgm/ ajayjuozgx kgjugm yjagxgugf `j ygxgu!ygxgu ~gfd eguz {zaezm xjyju{n Julyg [nazu/ Guge/ Hmnfg/ kgf Uzxng/ kgf ajfdjaegfd`gf yulkz` xjmnfddg ejufnogn {gaegm xjyju{n hll`njx/ enxhzn{x/ eg`ju~& X{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd kgyg{ knog`z`gf zf{z` ajfnfd`g{`gf j`xylu anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng/ ejukgxgu`gf gfgonxnx ag{un`x EHD ~gfd ejugkg ygkg ylxnxn hgxm hlt/ ag{un`x NJ ~gfd ejugkg ygkg xjo R/ kgf ag{un`x XTL[ ~gfd {jogm knog`z`gf/ gkgogm kjfdgf ajog`z`gf yjujagcggf tnog~gm gujgo `jogyg Nfklfjxng/ ajfnfd`g{`gf `jazkgmgf enulùgxn j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng ygkg `mzxzxf~g/ ajayjuozgx kgjugm yjagxgugf `j ygxgu!ygxgu ~gfd eguz {zaezm xjyju{n Julyg [nazu/ Guge/ Hmnfg/ kgf Uzxng/ ajayulalxn`gf anf~g` `jogyg xjegdgn anf~g` ~gfd {nkg` ejuegmg~g kgf ajanon`n `gfkzfdgf `lojx{julo ujfkgm/ xju{g ajfdjaegfd`gf yulkz` gf{gug ognf ajfcgkn yulkz` lojlhmjanhgox kgf yulkz` ygfdgf xjyju{n anf~g` dlujfd/ ajf{jdg/ kgf ognff~g xjmnfddg ojenm ejufnogn {gaegm& Rnudnf hlhlfz{ lno -RHL. ~gfd ejugkg ygkg xjo R ygkg ag{un`x NJ kgf ejukgxgu`gf go{jufg{nb x{ug{jdn mgxno kgun ag{un`x XTL[/ x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd xjegn`f~g knog`z`gf zf{z` ajfnfd`g{`gf j`xylu RHL gkgogm kjfdgf ajfnfd`g{`gf `zgon{gx yulkz` kgf ajf~j{gug`gf `zgon{gx yulkz` RHL kjfdgf RHL Bnonynfg xjegdgn agu`j{ ojgkju ~gn{z ajayulkz`xn RHL kjfdgf `gfkzfdgf Gxga Ogzug{ xjejxgu 2:*/ ajayjuazkgm enulùgxn enulùgxn j`xylu yulkz` `jogyg Nfklfjxng ygkg `mzxzxf~g/ `mzxzxf~g/ ajfhny{g`gf ojaegdg kgun yjajunf{gm ~gfd ajfdg{zu yulkz` RHL nfkzx{un `jhno kgf yj{gfn zf{z` knj`xylu/ ajfnfd`g{`gf yulalxn kjfdgf ajayju`jfgo`gf yulkz` RHL xjegdgn yulkz` `jxjmg{gf mndm wzgon{~ ludgfnh gfk fg{zugo yulhjxx `j fjdgug!fjdgug yl{jfxngo/ ajfcgonf `jan{uggf kjfdgf

fjdgug ozgu -ZXG/ fjdgug!fjdgug Julyg. ~gfd knegf{z lojm yjajunf{gm/ ajfdjaegfd`gf yulkz`































YJUF^G[GGF AJFDJFGN X@UNYXN KGF XZAEJU NFBLUAGXN Xg~g ajf~g{g`gf kjfdgf xjejfgu!ejfguf~g egmtg xùnyxn kjfdgf czkzo X{ug{jdn

Yjagxgugf Yulkz` Gdulnfkzx{un @jogyg Ejulunjf{gxn J`xylu gkgogm mgxno `gu~g xg~g xjfknun kjfdgf gugmgf Klxjf Yjaenaenfd G`gkjan`/ kgf ejoza kngcz`gf kgoga ejf{z` gygyzf ygkg yjudzuzgf {nfddn agfgyzf& Xzaeju nfbluagxn ~gfd ejugxgo g{gz kn`z{ny kgun `gu~g ~gfd kn{juen{`gf agzyzf {nkg` kn{juen{`gf kgun yjfzonx ognf {jogm knxjez{`gf kgoga {j`x kgf knhgf{za`gf kgoga Kgb{gu Yzx{g`g kn egdngf g`mnu xùnyxn nfn&

Eldlu/ Ajn 5977 ^gfd ajaezg{ yjuf~g{ggf

Gdn{g Yzxyg Kjtn B8;9499:7































® Mg` hny{g anon` Gdn{g Yzxyg Kjtn/ {gmzf 5977 Mg` hny{g knonfkzfdn Knogugfd ajfdz{ny ajfdz{ny kgf ajayjuegf~g ajayjuegf~g` ` {gfyg nsnf nsnf {ju{zonx kgun Nfx{n{z{ Yju{gfngf Eldlu/ Eldlu/ xjegdngf xjegdngf g{gz xjozuzmf~g xjozuzmf~g kgoga ejf{z` gygyzf/ egn` hj{g`/ bl{l`lyn/ anùlbnoa/ kgf xjegdgnf~g

































ENLKG[G YJFZONX

Yjfzonx ajanon`n fgag ojfd`gy Gdn{g Yzxyg Kjtn& Yjfzonx knogmnu`gf kn Cg`gu{g ygkg {gfddgo > Flrjaeju 7>=> kgun ygxgfdgf Xgnbzo Sgmun kgf Un{g Mjugtg{n& Gfg` yju{gag kgun kzg ejuxgzkgug/ kjfdgf gkn` ~gfd ejufgag Azmgaagk Ugbon Xg{ungtgf& Yjfzonx ajanon`n og{gu ejog`gfd yjfknkn`gf xjegdgn ejun`z{3 [gagf @gfg`!`gfg` kn [@ Nxoga Fzuzo Wlagu/ Cg`gu{g [nazu -7>>;!7>>:./ ogoz knogfcz{`gf kjfdgf xj`logm kgxgu kn XK Fjdjun Hn`l`l 97 Ygdn/ Cg`gu{g Xjog{gf -7>>:!5997.& Yjfzonx ajogfcz{`gf xj`logm ogfcz{gf {nfd`g{ yju{gag kn XAY Fjdjun 77:/ Cg`gu{g Xjog{gf -5997!599;./ kgf ajogfcz{`gf xj`logm ajfjfdgm g{gx kn XAG Fjdjun 52 Cg`gu{g Xjog{gf -599;!5994.& Ygkg {gmzf 5994/ yjfzonx ajogfcz{`gf x{zkn xjegdgn agmgxnxtg Kjygu{jajf [j`floldn Nfkzx{un Yju{gfngf/ Bg`zo{gx [j`floldn Yju{gfngf kn Nfx{n{z{ Yju{gfngf Eldlu ajogozn cgozu Zfkgfdgf Xjoj`xn Agmgxnxtg NYE -ZXAN. & Xjogag agxg yjfknkn`gf kn Nfx{n{z{ Yju{gfngf Eldlu/ yjfzonx ajfcgkn gfddl{g Kjygu{jajf Yulkz`xn Hjf{zu~ NYE -5994./ gfddl{g Kjygu{jajf N[ Hjf{zu~ NYE -599=./ kgf ygkg {gmzf 599> yjfzonx ajfcgkn ujylu{ju [geolnk Anfk/ Mnayzfgf Agmgxnxtg [j`floldn Nfkzx{un -MNAGOLDNF.& Xjognf n{z yjfzonx czdg ajfcgkn gxnx{jf ujxylfxn [j`fn` Ly{nagxn ygkg xjajx{ju djfgy {gmzf gcgugf 5979,5977& Yjfzonx czdg ajog`xgfg`gf Yug`{n` Ogygfd ygkg yjunlkj ezogf Czon!Gdzx{zx 5979 kn Y[& Nfklbllk Xz`xjx Agàzu [e`&/ Eldgxgun Bolzu Anoox kjfdgf czkzo ogylugf yug`{n` ogygfd ‑Ajayjogcgun Gxyj` Agfgcjajf Y jagxgugf Yulkz` Y[& Nfklbllk Xz`xjx Agàzu [e`&/ Eldgxgun Bolzu Anoox‑& Xjogag ajfcgogfn yju`zongmgf kn NYE/ yjfzonx ajfkgyg{`gf ejgxnxtg yjfknkn`gf

Egf{zgf Ejogcgu Agmgxnxtg -EEA. ygkg {gmzf 599>/ ejgxnxtg yjfknkn`gf Yjfnfd`g{gf Yujx{gxn G`gkjan` -YYG. ygkg {gmzf 5979 kgf 5977/ xju{g egf{zgf kgfg kgun Kjygu{jajf [j`floldn Nfkzx{un Yju{gfngf zf{z` yjfjon{ngf kgf xùnyxn yjfzonx ygkg {gmzf 5977&































@G[G YJFDGF[GU Yzcn x~z`zu `j mgknug{ Googm XT[ g{gx fnàg{ kgf ugmag{ ~gfd knejun`gf/ xjmnfddg yjfzonx enxg ajf~jojxgn`gf xùnyxn nfn kjfdgf azkgm kgf ogfhgu& Xmgogtg{ kgf xgoga yjfzonx xgaygn`gf `jygkg czfczfdgf Fgen Azmgaagk XGT xju{g `jozgudg kgf xgmgeg{f~g& Yjfzonx ajfdzhgy`gf {junag`gxnm g{gx kz`zfdgf/ enaenfdgf xju{g al{nrgxn kgun ejuegdgn ynmg` xjogag yjfzonxgf xùnyxn nfn mnfddg xùnyxn nfn kgyg{ {juxjojxgn`gf& Zhgygf {junag`gxnm knxgaygn`gf `jygkg 3 7&

Ygyg kgf Agag {juhnf{g/ Egyg` Xgnbzo Sgmun kgf Nez Un{g Mjugtg{n xju{g gkn` {juxg~gfd Ugbo~/ ~gfd {jogm ajaejun`gf xjdgog hnf{g kgf `gxnm xg~gfd/ al{nrgxn/ xjagfdg{/ klg kgf kz`zfdgf yjfzm `jygkg yjfzonx&

5&

Ku& Nu& ^gfkug Gu`jagf/ A& Jfd& xjog`z klxjf yjaenaenfd yju{gag g{gx enaenfdgf kgf gugmgff~g `jygkg yjfzonx kgoga yjf~zxzfgf xùnyxn nfn xjmnfddg yjfzonx kgyg{ ajf~jojxgn`gf xùnyxn nfn&

8&

Nu& A& Sjnf Fgxz{nlf/ A& Gyy& Xh& xjog`z klxjf yjaenaenfd `jkzg g{gx enaenfdgf kgf gugmgff~g ~gfd knejun`gf `jygkg yjfzonx kgoga ajf~jojxgn`gf xùnyxn nfn&

;&

Ygug yg`gu ~gfd {jogm ajaegf{z yjfzonx kgoga yjfjon{ngf dzfg ajf~zxzf xùnyxn nfn kgf {jogm ajaejun ejuegdgn nfbluagxn kgf xgugf ~gfd ejumzezfdgf kjfdgf xùnyxn yjfzonx/ Yg` Kgrnk Goolojuzfd/ Yg` Xun Ezknxj{~gf{l/ Yg` Gaunsgo/ Nez Jaa~ ^zongf{mnjf/ Nez Gunj Ugmag{n`g/ Nez Mjff~ Gunfgu{n/ kgf Yg` Nugtgkn Cgagugf&

:&

Djfddlfd {juxg~gfd/ Nhmg/ Kn{{g/ [ngug/ Gfsg/ Jfx`~/ [ngx/ kgf Xgenog ~gfd {jogm xgfdg{ ejuyjugf kgoga ajaejun`gf kz`zfdgf xju{g egf{zgf egdn yjfzonx kgoga ajf~jojxgn`gf xùnyxn nfn&

2&

Azmgaagk Mgbnk Bnuagfx~gm/ ~gfd {jogm ajaejun`gf egf{zgf xju{g kz`zfdgf xjogag nfn egdn yjfzonx kgoga ajog`xgfg`gf yjfjon{ngf kgf ajf~zxzf xùnyxn nfn&

4&

[jagf!{jagf xg{z enaenfdgf Yg` ^gfkug/ Nhgg/ Sgbnu/ Kjkj/ Gf~/ kgf J`g ~gfd {jogm ajf~jagfdg{n yjfzonx kgf ajaejun`gf ejuegdgn agxz`gf egdn yjfzonx&

=&

Xgmgeg{!xgmgeg{ {juxg~gfd/ Guknj Gun~lfl/ Gdunrnfnj/ [~jf/ Uj~fg/ Gsn/ Ygyg Nwego/ J`l/ Rnfg

>&

~gfd {jogm ajf~jagfdg{n kgf ajaegf{z yjfzonx ajf~jojxgn`gf xùnyxn nfn& Xgmgeg{!xgmgeg{`z [NF ;; {juhnf{g ~gfd {jogm xgonfd ajf~jagfdg{n kgf ajaegf{z kgoga ajf~jojxgn`gf xùnyxn&

79&

Xzfjdm {juxg~gfd ~gfd xjogoz ajfdmnezu kgf ajf~jagfdg{n yjfzonx/ Tjtj/ Knkn/ Hghg/ B~g/

77&

kgf Kjrnfg g`g Kjrg& @g`g`!`g`g` `jogx {juxg~gfd/ @g` Hnhn{/ @g` Ozx~/ @g` [~g/ @g` Unfg/ @g` Gdl/ @g` Unkzgf/ kgf @g` Dge~ ~gfd {jogm ajaejun`gf xjdgog nfbluagxn/ egf{zgf/ kgf xjagfdg{ egdn































YJFKGMZOZGF 7&7 Og{gu Ejog`gfd Ozgx tnog~gm {gfgagf `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ajuzyg`gf ozgx gujgo `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng& Ejukgxgu`gf Hlhlfz{ X{g{nx{nhgo ^jguell` 599> Gxjgf Ygxnbnh Hlhlfz{ Hlaazfn{~ -GYHH./ {l{go ozgx yju`jezfgf `jogyg Nfklfjxng ygkg {gmzf 599> ajfhgygn 8/=: cz{g mg g{gz ajfhgygn 87/2* kgun {l{go ozgx gujgo `jogyg kn kzfng xj`n{gu 75/74 cz{g mg kgf xjegdngf ejxguf~g ->=*. ajuzyg`gf yju`jezfgf ug`~g{& Yjuxjegugf `jogyg {juxjez{ mgaynu ajug{g kn xjozuzm Nfklfjxng/ kjfdgf xjegugf {juegf~g` ejugkg kn Xzag{jug ~gfd ajfhgygn 85/;*/ Cgtg 57/=*/ Xzogtjxn 59*/ Agoz`z kgf Ygyzg >/5*/ Fzxg [jfddgug 4/:*/ @gonagf{gf 4/8*/ kgf Egon xjejxgu 7/=*& Enog knonmg{ kgun ozgx ogmgf `jogyg ajfzuz{ yulynfxn/ `jezf `jogyg {juozgx ejugkg kn yulynfxn Ungz xjejxgu :;5&5;> mg -7;/7*./ knxzxzo Cgtg [jfdgm 5=7&;49 mg -4/8*./ kgf Xzogtjxn Z{gug 549&449 mg -4*. ygkg ylxnxn `j{ndg/ xjkgfd`gf tnog~gm kjfdgf yulkz`xn `jogyg {juegf~g` ejugkg kn yulynfxn Ungz xjejxgu :;2&448 {lf -72/:4*./ knxzxzo Xzogtjxn Z{gug 5>8&995 {lf -=/>*./ kgf Xzogtjxn [jfdgm 542&288 {lf -=/;*. ygkg ylxnxn `j{ndg& Xjognf n{z/ Nfklfjxng czdg ajuzyg`gf yulkzxjf `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng kjfdgf yulkz`xn xj`n{gu 72/;>= anongu ez{nu `jogyg -5:/;* yulkz`xn `jogyg kzfng. g{gz xj{gug 8/8 cz{g {lf `lyug ygkg {gmzf 599>& @jogyg ajuzyg`gf `lalkn{n xlxngo kgf ajuzyg`gf egdngf kgun `jmnkzygf agx~gug`g{ Nfklfjxng ~gfd knxjege`gf lojm xjozuzm egdngf `jogyg/ azogn kgun g`gu/ eg{gfd/ ezgm/ ezfdg/ kgf kgzf kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf& Ezfdg `jogyg ajfdmgxno`gf fnug `jogyg ~gfd kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf dzog ajugm -dzog `jogyg.0 Kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf `lyug/ anf~g` `jogyg/ xgf{gf/ kgf `jogyg yguz{ `junfd -kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ .0 .0 Xgez{ `jogyg kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf hlnu bneju / `jxj{/ xgyz/ ag{ugx/ kgf egmgf yjaezg{ xyunfd ejk 0 [jayzuzfd `jogyg kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf ajfcgkn gugfd {jayzuzfd/ `guelf g`{nb/ kgf `jugcnfgf {gfdgf0 Gnu `jogyg kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf xjegdgn egmgf hz`g/ fg{g kj hlhl/ `jhgy/ kgf anfzagf ejujfjudn0 Eg{gfd `jogyg kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf zf{z` egmgf egfdzfgf `jugfd`g g{gz g{gy0 Kgzf `jogyg kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf onkn zf{z` xgyz xju{g egugfd gf~gagf xjegdgn kj`lugxn0 G`gu `jogyg kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf xjegdgn egmgf yjtgufg kgf leg{!leg{gf& Mgo {juxjez{ ~gfd ajf~jege`gf `jogyg knczoz`n xjegdgn ylmlf `jmnkzygf ~gfd xgfdg{ `g~g g`gf agfbgg{ egn` zf{z` ygfdgf/ xzaeju jfjudn/ egmgf eg`z ejuegdgn nfkzx{un `jxjmg{gf kgf `jhgf{n`gf/ agzyzf zf{z` `jyjuozgf uzagm {gfddg kgf egugfd `jugcnfgf& Zxgmg yju`jogyggf ajuzyg`gf xgogm xg{z ynogu yjuj`lflangf agx~gug`g{ Nfklfjxng `mzxzxf~g kn kgjugm yjkjxggf& @jdng{gf ygkg xj`{lu nfn {jogm ajaejun gfkno ~gfd hz`zy ejxgu kgoga yjf~jknggf ogygfdgf `jucg kgf yjf~jknggf egmgf eg`z nfkzx{un kgoga fjdjun/ yjulojmgf yjfkgyg{gf kgjugm/ xju{g ~gfd {nkg` `gogm yjf{nfdf~g gkgogm yjulojmgf kjrnxg& Egm`gf Agfddgegugfn -599>.































xjkgfd`gf yjfdjaegfdgf kgf yjagfbgg{gf yulkz` mnonu kgf mgxno xgaynfd ejoza egf~g` knog`z`gf& Xjognf n{z/ yulkz`xn yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng mgf~g ajfkzkz`n ylxnxn `jkzg xj{jogm Bnonynfg kgf kgun xjdn ugdga yulkz`xn xju{g kjrnxg ~gfd knmgxno`gf/ ylxnxn Nfklfjxng czdg agxnm ejugkg kn egtgm Nfkng kgf Xunogf`g& Cjfnx yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd {jogm agayz knjx`ylu lojm Nfklfjxng mgf~g xj`n{gu = cjfnx yulkz` `jogyg/ xjajf{gug Bnonynfg {jogm agayz ajfdj`xylu xj`n{gu 7; cjfnx yulkz` y ulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg& Ygkgmgo ajfzuz{ Cgagugf Cg agugf -599>./ yl{jfxn enxfnx kgun `jogyg hz`zy ejxgu/ ajfdnfdg{ Nfklfjxng ajuzyg`gf fjdgug kjfdgf ozgx kgf yulkz`xn `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng& Yl{jfxn yulkz`xn kgun ezgmf~g ~gn{z anf~g` `jogyg 7&;:9&52: {lf,{gmzf/ gaygx `jogyg 7&7=2&;29 {lf,{gmzf/ gnu `jogyg ;&2;:&524&:99 on{ju,{gmzf -gxzaxn yjuez{nu 899 ao./ xgez{ `jogyg 4&799&999 {lf,{gmzf/ kgf {jayzuzfd 5&:=9&49; {lf,{gmzf& Xjognf n{z/ kjfdgf gkgf~g `lfxjy fnogn {gaegm - gkkjk rgozj. kgyg{ ajaejun`gf kgayg` ylxn{nb kgoga yjfnfd`g{gf fnogn `jogyg& Xjognf ajfcgkn`gf yulkz`

{juxjez{ ejufnogn czgo ojenm agmgo/ `lfxjy fnogn {gaegm czdg ajaejun`gf `jzf{zfdgf ojenm egdn gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng kgf ygug yj{gfn `jogyg& Ajfzuz{ Hlhlfz{ X{g{nx{nhgo ^jguell` GYHH -599>./ {l{go ozgx ogmgf `jogyg ~gfd knanon`n Nfklfjxng mgf~g agayz ajfdmgxno`gf j`xylu xj!fnogn ZX+ :4=/>45 cz{g& Xjkgfd`gf Bnonynfg ~gfd mgf~g ajanon`n ozgx ogmgf {l{go xj`n{gu 8/;95 cz{g mg kjfdgf yulkz`xn 7:/24 anongu ez{nu `jogyg/ {j{gyn agayz ajfkzogfd kjrnxg j`xylu mnfddg ZX+ ==;/955 cz{g& Mgo nfn ajfgfkg`gf fnogn j`xylu `jogyg Nfklfjxng kgf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{unf~g mgf~g xj`n{gu 2:/: * kgun {l{go j`xylu `jogyg Bnonynfg kgf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{unf~g ygkg {gmzf 599>& Ygkgmgo jx{nagxn `jez{zmgf klajx{n` -`lfxzaxn. `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng mgf~g xj`n{gu >/>2: anongu ez{nu `jogyg g{gz xj`n{gu 29/;* kgun {l{go yulkz`xn `jogyg Nfklfjxng/ ~gfd agfg ejugu{n agxnm {juxnxg :>/2* `jogyg ~gfd kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf zf{z` knlogm kgf knj`xylu xjegdgn yjfgaegm kjrnxg fjdgug xju{g xjegdgn yjfnfd`g{gf mgudg czgo yulkz` `jogyg Nfklfjxng {juxjez{& Agxnm ujfkgmf~g czaogm j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng kgyg{ knonmg{ kgun kg{g czaogm j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng knegfknfd Bnonynfg ygkg {gmzf 599> ygkg [gejo 7 kn egtgm nfn&

[gejo 7& Kg{g J`xylu Yulkz` Gdulnfkzx{un @jogyg [gmzf 599> Nfklfjxng

Bnonynfg

-{lf.

-{lf.

Anf~g` @jogyg

:49&877

=52&584

Kjxxnhg{jk Hlhlfz{

;2&2>>

772&;57

7>>&9;:

8;&4;4

Yulkz` Gdulnfkzx{un

Gugfd [jayzuzfd kgf @guelf G`{nb Xzaeju3 GYHH/ 599>































~g`fn ZX+ =;7/98= cz{g& Mgo nfn ajfzfcz``gf Nfklfjxng xgaygn xgg{ nfn agxnm {j{gy `gogm ejuxgnfd kjfdgf Bnonynfg kgoga mgo j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg&

[gejo 5& Kg{g J`xylu Yulkz` Gdulnfkzx{un @jogyg Nfklfjxng [gmzf 599:!599> [gmzf

Anf~g` @jogyg -A[.

Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{ -A[.

599:

4;:&4;5

;>&>=;

5992

:7>&::2

:>&;>2

5994

48>&>58

:>&==;

599=

2;>&5::

:4&2=>

599>

:49&877

;2&2>>

Xzaeju3 GYHH/ 599> J`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd rlozajf~g {nkg` x{geno kgf kjfdgf czaogm ~gfd czdg {nkg` ojenm ejxgu knegfknfd fjdgug xgnfdgff~g ~gfd ajanon`n ozgx gujgo yulkz`xn ojenm `jhno ajf~jege`gf knyjuoz`gff~g x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd {jyg{ zf{z` kgyg{ ejuxgnfd kgf ajagcz`gf `jaegon j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng& Lojm `gujfg n{z/ kgoga zyg~g ajaegfdzf zxgmg yju`jogyggf Nfklfjxng `jkjygf/ zf{z` kgyg{ ajaylxnxn`gf zxgmg yju`jogyggf kgf yulkz` mgxno logmgf `jogyg Nfklfjxng agayz ajfklanfgxn ygxgu ozgu fjdjun xju{g ajanon`n kg~g xgnfd ~gfd {nfddn knyjuoz`gf x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd jbj`{nb ~gfd kgyg{ kn{jugy`gf lojm xjazg ynmg` ~gfd {ju`gn{ kgoga yjaegfdzfgf yju`jogyggf& X{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd jbj`{nb {juxjez{ g`gf ajfcgkn`gf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng ajfcgkn ojenm agcz/ j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng ajfnfd`g{/ kjrnxg ajfcgkn eju{gaegm/ xju{g Nfklfjxng ajfcgkn fjdgug ~gfd {nkg` mgf~g {ju`jfgo xjegdgn fjdgug kjfdgf ozgx gujgo `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng fgazf czdg xjegdgn fjdgug kjfdgf j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng& Kjfdgf bluazogxn x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd yl{jfxngo zf{z` ygxgu j`xylu nfn fgf{nf~g knmgugy`gf kgyg{ ajaejun`gf agfbgg{ ~gfd ejxgu egdn ynmg`!ynmg` {ju`gn{ zf{z` ajfjf{z`gf x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg xjhgug {juygkz kgf {junf{jdugxn dzfg ajagcz`gf zxgmg yju`jogyggf Nfklfjxng&

7&5 [zczgf Yjfjon{ngf [zczgf yjfjon{ngf nfn knyzxg{`gf ygkg bluazogxn x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kgoga ajfdmgkgyn ygxgu j`xylu dzfg ajfnfd`g{`gf kg~g xgnfd kgf czaogm xju{g fnogn j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg& [zczgf yjfjon{ngf nfn gkgogm3 7& Ajfdnkjf{nbn`gxn kgf ajfjf{z`gf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd yulxyj`{nb zf{z` kn`jaegfd`gf kn ygxgu j`xylu&

































7&; Agfbgg{ Yjfjon{ngf Yjfjon{ngf nfn knmgugy`gf kgyg{ ajaejun`gf nfbluagxn kgf xzaegfdgf yjan`nugf ~gfd ejuagfbgg{ xjegdgn egmgf yju{naegfdgf egdn ynmg`!ynmg` ~gfd {juoneg{ kgoga ugfd`g yjfjf{zgf `jencg`gf x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg& Xjmnfddg kjfdgf gkgf~g xùnyxn nfn/ gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng ajfcgkn ojenm agcz/ j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng ajfnfd`g{/ kjrnxg ajfcgkn eju{gaegm/ xju{g Nfklfjxng ajfcgkn fjdgug ~gfd {nkg` mgf~g {ju`jfgo xjegdgn fjdgug kjfdgf ozgx gujgo `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng fgazf czdg xjegdgn fjdgug kjfdgf j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng&































NN& [NFCGZGF YZX[G@G 5&7 @jogyg [gfgagf `jogyg -Hlhlx fzhnbjug O. {juagxz` bganon Ygoaghjgj/ lukl Guhjgojx/ kgf `jogx Alflhl{~ojklfj& [gfgagf `jogyg agxnm ajuzyg`gf {gfgagf yju`jezfgf kn Nfklfjxng ~gfd ojenm ozgx

knegfknfd`gf kjfdgf {gfgagf `jogyg xgtn{& [gfgagf nfn knzxgmg`gf ajogozn yju`jezfgf ug`~g{/ yju`jezfgf xtgx{g agzyzf yju`jezfgf yjajunf{gm/ ~gfd agfg >=* ajuzyg`gf tnog~gm `jogyg anon` ug`~g{& Ozgx gujgo `jogyg nfn {juknun g{gx `jogyg rgunj{gx Kgoga/ Djfcgm/ kgf Mneunkg/ kjfdgf yjajonmguggf nf{jfxnb kgyg{ ajfhgygn yulkz`xn agxnfd!agxnfd 5/: {lf `lyug,mg,{mf kgf ; {lf `lyug,mg,{mf -Goolojuzfd kgf Agmazk/ 5995.& Ajfzuz{ Kcg{an`l j{ go -7>=:./ rgunj{gx {gfgagf `jogyg ~gfd kn`jfgo `zugfd ojenm gkg 799 aghga& [gfgagf nfn azogn ejuezgm ygkg zazu 2 xgaygn 4 {gmzf/ xjkgfd`gf ygkg ejejugyg kgjugm xzkgm azogn ejuezgm ygkg zazu : {gmzf& Yulkz`xn yjfzm knhgygn ygkg zazu 79 {gmzf kgf `jgkggf nfn ejuogfdxzfd xgaygn zazu :9 {gmzf& Ylmlf `jogyg kn`g{g`gf {zg ygkg zazu =9 {gmzf kgf engxgf~g g`gf ag{n ygkg zazu 799 {gmzf& Ylyzogxn {gfgagf `jogyg Nfklfjxng gkgogm ~gfd {juejxgu kn kzfng/ ylmlf `jogyg {zaezm xj`n{gu 8/= cz{g mj`{gu kn Nfklfjxng/ ~gn{z xj`n{gu 87/4* kgun {l{go ylmlf `jogyg kzfng& [gfgagf `jogyg kn{jaz`gf {zaezm ygkg kjogygf yzozm fjdgug {ulynx {juz{gag kn kgjugm ~gfd kj`g{ kjfdgf ygf{gn gf{gug ognf kn fjdgug!fjdgug Gbun`g Egug{/ Agog~xng/ Bnonynfg/ Nfklfjxng/ Nfkng/ Xunogfd`g/ kgf Ygyzg Fzdnfn& Fgazf/ {gfgagf `jogyg {ju`lfxjf{ugxn kn Gxng Xjog{gf kgf Gxng [jfddgug {juz{gag Nfklfjxng/ Nfkng/ Bnonynfg/ kgf Xunogfd`g -GYHH/ 599>.& Dgaegugf unfd`gx xjegugf yl{jfxn `jogyg Nfklfjxng nfn kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg Dgaegu 7& Tnog~gm kjfdgf ozgx gujgo yjfdmgxno `jogyg kgun ~gfd {juozgx eju{zuz{!{zuz{ Yulynfxn Ungz/ Cgtg [jfdgm/ Xzogtjxn Z{gug/ Cgtg [nazu/ kgf Agoz`z Z{gug& Tnog~gm kjfdgf mgxno yulkz`xn ez{nu ezgm `jogyg eju{zuz{!{zuz{ kgun ~gfd {juegf~g` ~gn{z Yulynfxn Ungz/ Xzogtjxn Z{gug/ Xzogtjxn [jfdgm/ Cgtg [nazu/ kgf Agoz`z Z{gug&































Tnog~gm!tnog~gm {juxjez{ ajanon`n xjczaogm nfkzx{un kjfdgf x`gog ejxgu ~gfd ajfdlogm ezgm `jogyg ajfcgkn yulkz` logmgf ognf xjyju{n anf~g` `jogyg/ kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{/ rnudnf hlhlfz{ lno/ fg{g kj hlhl/ xgf{gf ùna/ kgf ognf xjegdgnf~g& Ol`gxn ejejugyg nfkzx{un kjfdgf x`gog ejxgu {juxjez{ kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg Dgaegu 5 kn egtgm nfn&

Y[& Yjuag{g Mncgz Y[& Xlunf{gol Y[& Enalon Y[& Azo{n Fgeg{n Y[& Nfnaj}nf{ug

Xzag{jug Egug{ Y[& Hlhl agx

Ungz Y[& Yzogz Xgaez Ogayzfd Y[& Fnaynfkl Yunag Hlhlfz{ Y[ Xgun Xjdgu Mzxgkg

Cg{na Y[& N`gf Klugfd Y[& Rjdj{geoj Lno

Cgegu " K@N Y[& Eguhl Y[& YA@ Agfddg Kzg Y[& Gnuogfk Mnoagf Gegkn

Dgaegu 5& Yj{g Yjf~jegugf Nfkzx{un Ejxgu Yjfdlogmgf @jogyg -Tgm~zkn/ 599>. Kgjugm {gfgagf `jogyg ~gfd {juyjf{nfd {juoj{g` gf{gug 55 9 Onf{gfd Z{gug kgf 55 9 Onf{gfd Xjog{gf& Kn ozgu kgjugm nfn yju{zaezmgf y ju{zaezmgf ylmlf `jogyg ogaeg{ kgf ezgmf~g xjkn`n{& Ygkg kgjugm xj`n{gu `g{zonx{ntg/ `jogyg kgyg{ kn{gfga xgaygn ygkg `j{nfddngf 599 aj{ju kgun yjuaz`ggf ogz{& Kn g{gx `j{nfddngf >99 aj{ju kgun yjuaz`ggf ogz{/ {zaezmf~g ogaeg{ kgf ezgm ~gfd knmgxno`gff~g `jhno! `jhno& Ylmlf `jogyg {nkg` xjxzgn zf{z` {zaezm kn kgjugm kjfdgf nòna knagfg azxna `jagugzf~g































[gejo 8& @gug`{junx{n` Rgunj{gx @jogyg @gug`{junx{n`

Rgunj{gx @jogyg @jogyg Kgoga

@jogyg Djfcgm

@jogyg Mneunkg

7&Eg{gfd

[nfddn kgf ejxgu

Ugaynfd

Ugaynfd kgf yjfkj`

5& [nfddn

Ug{g!ug{g

Ajfhgygn : a g{gz

Ajfhgygn : a

7:!7=a

egm`gf ajfhgygn 89a

ojenm

g{gz ojenm 8& Zazu azogn ejuezgm

2!4 {gmzf xj{jogm {gfga

8!; {gmzf xj{jogm {gfga

; {gmzf

;& Zazu j`lflanx

Ajfhgygn >9

Ajfhgygn :9 {gmzf

8: {gmzf

77 {gfkgf,ylmlf,{gmzf

7= {gfkgf,ylmlf,{gmzf

59 {gfkgf,ylmlf,{gmzf

2&& Yulkz`{nrn{gx

>9 ez{nu,ylmlf,{gmzf

799 ez{nu,ylmlf,{gmzf

7;9 ez{nu,ylmlf,{gmzf

4& Yulkz`xn `lyug

7 {lf `lyug,Mg,{gmzf

9&: {lf `lyug,mg,{gmzf

2!4 {lf,mg,{gmzf ygkg

ygkg zazu 79 {gmzf

ygkg zazu 79 {gmzf

zazu 79 {gmzf

!

799

{gmzf :&

Czaogm

yulkz`xn

{gfkgf

Xzaeju 3 Kj`nfkl -5979g. Ezgm `jogyg {juknun kgun xgez{ j`xl`guy/ ajxl`guy/ {jayzuzfd -jfkl`guy./ kgdnfd ezgm -jfklxyjua./ kgf gnu ezgm& [jego xgez{ `jogyg ojenm kgun onag xjf{naj{ju kgf {jego kgdnfd ezgm xg{z xjf{naj{ju g{gz ojenm& Ezgm `jogyg ajanon`n elel{ ug{g!ug{g xj`n{gu 7!7/7: `d kjfdgf elel{ ezgm `jogyg agxg` xj`n{gu 5 `d& Enog kn{jozxzun ojenm ogfcz{/ {juf~g{g kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg mgf~g xj`n{gu 89* kgun elel{ ezgm `jogyg z{zm& @laylxnxn kgun xgez{ {juxjez{ gkgogm 5:* xjug{ kgf 4:* yjg{/ xjkgfd`gf {jayzuzfd 8:* kncgkn`gf xjegdgn gugfd kgf 2:* kncgkn`gf xjegdgn gfj`g yulkz`































Kn kgoga 799 duga kgdnfd `jogyg xjdgu/ {ju`gfkzfd ;7/2* ojag`/ 82/8* gnu/ 78/9* `guelmnkug{/ ;/:* yul{jnf/ 8/2* xjug{/ 74* sg{ ejxn -Bj 5L8./ 7* anfjugo/ 9/5;* ylxylu -Y5Y:./ 9/97* `goxnza -HgL.& Xjognf n{z/ kn kgoga 799 duga kgdnfd `jogyg xjdgu czdg ajfdgfkzfd rn{ganf E7 xjejxgu 7: NZ/ rn{ganf H 7 NZ/ kgf xjkn`n{ rn{ganf G kgf rn{ganf J ~gn{z xjejxgu 9/5 NZ -Xj{~gankcgcg/ 7>>:.& @lalkn{n `jogyg ajajugf`gf yjugfgf yjf{nfd zf{z` `jmnkzygf agx~gug`g{ kgf kjrnxg fjdgug {juz{gag kn kgjugm {ulynx& Ajfzuz{ Gxtgfn kgf Kgutnx -7>>:./ xjognf xjegdgn xzaeju anf~g` fgeg{n/ ejuegdgn `jdzfggf kgun egdngf {gfgagf `jogyg ajf~jege`gf {gfgagf nfn ajayzf~gn `jkzkz`gf `mgx kn kgoga `jmnkzygf xlxngo kgf ezkg~g agx~gug`g{ Nfklfjxng& Mgo nfnogm ~gfd ajf~jege`gf ylmlf `jogyg kn`jfgo xjegdgn ylmlf `jmnkzygf - {ujj lb onbj.&

5&5 Yulkz` Gdulnfkzx{un @jogyg @jogyg knczoz`n ylmlf `jmnkzygf/ `gujfg xj{ngy egdngf {gfgagf kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf& Ezfdg `jogyg ajfdmgxno`gf fnug `jogyg ~gfd kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf dzog ajugm -dzog `jogyg.0 Kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf `lyug/ anf~g` `jogyg/ xgf{gf/ kgf `jogyg yguz{ `junfd - kjxnhhg{jk .0 Xgez{ `jogyg kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf hlnu bneju / `jxj{/ xgyz/ ag{ugx/ kgf egmgf yjaezg{ xyunfd hlhlfz{ .0 ejk 0 [jayzuzfd `jogyg kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf ajfcgkn gugfd {jayzuzfd/ `guelf g`{nb/ kgf `jugcnfgf

{gfdgf0 Gnu `jogyg kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf xjegdgn egmgf hz`g/ fg{g kj hlhl/ `jhgy/ kgf anfzagf ejujfjudn0 Eg{gfd `jogyg kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf zf{z` egmgf egfdzfgf `jugfd`g g{gz g{gy0 Kgzf `jogyg kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf onkn zf{z` xgyz xju{g egugfd gf~gagf xjegdgn kj`lugxn0 G`gu `jogyg kgyg{ knagfbgg{`gf xjegdgn egmgf yjtgufg kgf leg{!leg{gf -Cgagugf/ 599>.& Zxgmg yjfdlogmgf `jogyg xgg{ nfn ~gfd egf~g` knog`z`gf kn Nfklfjxng xjegdngf ejxgu agxnm ajuzyg`gf yjfjugygf kgoga ejf{z` knrjuxnbn`gxn rju{n`go kgun kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg/ ajx`nyzf xjozuzm egdngf kgun {gfgagf nfn kgyg{ knlogm kgoga x`gog nfkzx{un zf{z` ajfdmgxno`gf yulkz` ~gfd ejuagfbgg{ egdn `jmnkzygf agx~gug`g{/ xjyju{n ~gfd kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg ylmlf nfkzx{un `jogyg ygkg Dgaegu ;& Ezfdg `jogyg ~gfd ejoza aj`gu kgyg{ knxgkgy zf{z` ajfdmgxno`gf fnug `jogyg& Fnug nfn

































@lyug knezg{ kgun egmgf eg`z kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg& Zf{z` ajayjulojm kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg engxgf~g kn{jayzm kjfdgf cgogf ajanxgm`gf xgez{ ~gfd ajuzyg`gf yjaezfd`zx kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg ygonfd ozgu ~gfd ajayzf~gn `j{jegogf :!79 ha& Kn kgoga xgez{ {jukgyg{ {jayzuzfd kjfdgf {jego 8!: aa& Kn kgoga {jayzuzfd {jukgyg{ kgdnfd ezgm ~gfd kngf{guf~g {jukgyg{ xjogyz{ {nynx ejutgufg hl`jog{/ knxjez{ {jx{g& Ygkg tg`{z kgdnfd ezgm kn`junfd`gf kgf knynxgm`gf kgun {jayzuzfdf~g ag`g {jx{g g`gf ajoj`g{ ygkg kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg& Kjfdgf ajfzuzf`gf `gkgu gnu kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg kgun `zugfd ojenm :9* `j :* kgyg{ knyjulojm `jnfdnfgf!`jnfdnfgf gf{gug ognf zf{z` ajfdgtj{`gf kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg {juxjez{/ ajfdzugfdn ejug{ -ajfcgkn :5* kgun elel{ gtgo./ kgf ajfd`lfxjf{ugxn`gf anf~g` -`gkgu anf~g` `lyug 2:!2=*/ kgdnfd ezgm `jogyg :;*. -Knucjfezf/ 5992.& Ajfzuz{ Blgoj -5998./ `jogyg kjfdgf `gkgu ojag` {nfddn kgf gxga ojag` ejegx ujfkgm gkgogm egmgf eg`z ~gfd egn` zf{z` nfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg kgf `jogyg yguz{ `junfd - kjxnhhg{jk .& Anf~g` `jogyg ajanon`n egf~g` `jdzfggf gf{gug ognf xjegdgn anf~g` agxg` kgf hlhlfz{ .& xmlu{jfnfd/ ol{nlf ugaez{ kgf egkgf/ zf{z` leg{ ojhj{ kgf `zon{ {jueg`gu/ egmgf yjaezg{ xgezf kgf

kj{judjf/ yjaezg{gf RHL - Rnudnf Hlhlfz{ Lno./ kgf eguz!eguz nfn kndzfg`gf xjegdgn egmgf eg`gu yjfddgf{n xlogu ~gfd knxjez{ kjfdgf hlhlknjxjo g{gz enlknjxjo kgun anf~g` `jogyg& Anf~g` `jogyg ajfdgfkzfd xjf~gtg donxjunkg ~gfd {juxzxzf kgun donxjulo kgf gxga!gxga ojag`& Gxga!gxga ojag` cjfzm ~gfd ajf~zxzff~g gf{gug ognf gxga `gyunog{/ gxga ogzug{/ gxga

































knfnàg{n yj{gfn& Nfkzx{un ~gfd ajfdlogm mgxno `jogyg xjegdngf ejxgu ajayulkz`xn kgoga ejf{z` anf~g` `jogyg `gxgu g{gz anf~g` dlujfd& Xjegdngf ejxgu x`gog zxgmg nfkzx{un yjfdlogm agxnm knklanfgxn lojm zxgmg `jhno kgf ajfjfdgm& Mgf~g xj`n{gu =* ~gfd ajuzyg`g nfkzx{un x`gog ejxgu -Cgagugf/ 599>.& Yjtgufg G`gu Leg{! leg{gf

@jhg @jog g Xnuz @jog g

Fnug Dzog Dzog @jo @jogg g

Ezf g Ezf Ezf g Z{z Z{zm m

Kgzf

Mjogn Mjogn Kgzf Kgzf Onkn Yjo j gm

Egug Egugf f @jug @jug nfgf nfgf Egugf Egugf @jug @jug nfgf nfgf Egug Egugf f @jug jug nfgf nfgf Egug Egugf f @jug @jug nfgf nfgf

































5&8 Yjagxgugf kgf Unxj{ Yjagxgugf Ajfzuz{ @l{oju -7>>4./ yjagxgugf gkgogm xzg{z yulxjx xlxngo kgf agfgcjungo ~gfd knkgogaf~g nfknrnkz kgf `jolayl` ajfkgyg{`gf gyg ~gfd ajuj`g ez{zm`gf kgf nfdnf`gf kjfdgf ajfhny{g`gf/ ajfgtgu`gf/ kgf ajayju{z`gu`gf yulkz` ~gfd ejufnogn kjfdgf ynmg` ognf& Yjfdju{ngf ognf {jf{gfd yjagxgugf knejun`gf lojm @guanfn -7>>>./ ~gn{z yjagxgugf ajuzyg`gf xzg{z `jdng{gf yl`l` ~gfd knog`z`gf lojm ygug yjfdzxgmg kgoga zxgmgf~g zf{z` ajayju{gmgf`gf `jogfdxzfdgf mnkzyf~g/ zf{z` yju`jaegfdgf kgf ajayjulojm ogeg& Ygkg zazaf~g kgoga `jdng{gf yjagxgugf/ yjuzxgmggf ejuzxgmg ajfdmgxno`gf ogeg kgun mgxno yjfczgogf egugfd kgf cgxg ~gfd knhny{g`gf zf{z` ajajfzmn `jez{zmgf `lfxzajf/ xjmnfddg {zdgx ajagcz`gf yjagxgugf gkgogm ajanonm kgf ajog`xgfg`gf `jdng{gf yjagxgugf ~gfd kgyg{ ajaegf{z kgoga yjfhgygngf {zczgf ludgfnxgxn -@guanfn/ 7>>>.& Ugfd`z{n -7>>4. ajfcjogx`gf ~gfd knag`xzk kjfdgf unxj{ yjagxgugf gkgogm `jdng{gf yjfjon{ngf kn enkgfd yjagxgugf ~gfd knog`z`gf xjhgug xnx{jag{nx azogn kgun yjuzazxgf agxgogm/ {zczgf yjfjon{ngf/ yjfdzayzogf kg{g/ yjfdlogmgf kg{g/ kgf nf{juyuj{gxn mgxno yjfjon{ngf& Mgxno unxj{ nfn kgyg{ knyg`gn lojm ynmg` agfgcjajf kgoga ugfd`g nkjf{nbn`gxn agxgogm kgf yjfdgaenogf `jyz{zxgf xju{g yjuzazxgf x{ug{jdn zf{z` ajujez{ yjozgfd ygxgu& Unxj{ yjagxgugf ajfhg`zy xjazg g`{nbn{gx unxj{ ~gfd knog`xgfg`gf xjmzezfdgf kjfdgf

































kjfdgf ylon{n`/ ujdzogxn/ ezkg~g/ yjuxgnfdgf/ kgf `lfxzajf xj{jayg{ ~gfd ejuejkg kjfdgf onfd`zfdgf {jayg{ {nfddgo yjagxgu ~gfd ejuxgfd`z{gf& Hg{jlug

kgf

Dugmga

-5994.

ajf~g{g`gf

x{ug{jdn

ajagxz`n

ygxgu

nf{jufgxnlfgo

ajfddgaegu`gf gfgonxnx `gug`{junx{n` ygxgu -xjyju{n yl{jfxn yjfczgogf/ {nfd`g{ `jyjf{nfdgf x{ug{jdnx/ `j`zg{gf xzaeju kg~g ol`go/ yjuejkggf ezkg~g/ kgf unf{gfdgf fjdgug. kgf `jagayzgf xju{g `gug`{junx{n` yjuzxgmggf {juagxz` {nfd`g{ yjfdj{gmzgf ajfkj`g{n ygxgu/ `j{juoneg{gf yjagxgugf/ kgf `lan{ajf ~gfd xngy kngaeno lojm agfgcjajf& Ganu -7>>>. ajf~g{g`gf j`xylu ajuzyg`gf `jdng{gf ajfdjozgu`gf egugfd!egugfd kgun agx~gug`g{ kgf ajfdnunaf~g `j ozgu fjdjun xjxzgn `j{jf{zgf yjajunf{gm kgf ajfdmgugy`gf yjaeg~gugf kgoga rgoz{g gxnfd& [zczgf knog`z`gf j`xylu gkgogm xjegdgn ejun`z{3 7&

Ajfgaegm ogeg yjuzxgmggf ajogozn yjuozgxgf ygxgu kgf ajayjulojm mgudg czgo ~gfd ojenm egn` -ly{nagonxgxn ogeg.&

5&

Ajaez`g ygfdxg ygxgu eguz kn ozgu fjdjun xjegdgn yjuozgxgf ygxgu klajx{nh -ajaez`g ygxgu j`xylu.&

8&

Ajagfbgg{`gf `jojenmgf `gygxn{gx {juygxgfd {juygxgfd -nkoj hgyghn{~.&

;&

Ajaengxg`gf knun ejuxgnfd kgoga ygxgu nf{jufgxnlfgo/ xjmnfddg {juog{nm kgoga yjuxgnfdgf ~gfd `j{g{&

































J`xylu kgyg{ ejuxnbg{ ogfdxzfd agzyzf {nkg` ogfdxzfd& Kjfdgf j`xylu ogfdxzfd - knujh{ j}ylu{nfd./ yjuzxgmggf kgyg{ ajfczgo `jygkg `lfxzajf kn fjdgug ejuejkg& J`xylu ogfdxzfd

ajuzyg`gf yjfkj`g{gf ygonfd zaza ~gfd kndzfg`gf yjuzxgmggf ~gfd ajfdgtgon ogfd`gm nf{jufgxnlfgo ajuj`g `gujfg unxn`l `juzdngf bnfgfxngo kgyg{ knanfnagonxgxn& @jegon`gff~g/ j`xylu {nkg` ogfdxzfd -nfknujh{ j}ylu{nfd. zazaf~g ejugu{n yjuzxgmggf ajfczgo `jygkg yjaejon -naylu{nu g{gz knx{unez{lu. kn fjdgug gxgo/ ~gfd `jazkngf ajfdj`xyluf~g `jaegon -Hg{jlug kgf Dugmga/ 5994.& Ajfzuz{ [cnyclfl -599=./ j`xylu {nkg` ogfdxzfd kgyg{ ajfdmjag{ tg`{z kgf {jfgdg yjuzxgmggf yjfdxj`ylu/ fgazf yjuzxgmggf {juxjez{ {nkg` ajanon`n `jfkgon g{gx yjugf{gugf~g n{z& ^gfd ojenm ezuz` ogdn zazaf~g yjugf{gug!yjugf{gug xjyju{n nfn ez`gfogm yjagxgu ~gfd gdujxnb kgf engxgf~g {nkg` ajfdmgxno`gf rlozaj yjfczgogf ~gfd ejxgu& Xjkgfd`gf kjfdgf ajog`z`gf j`xylu xjhgug ogfdxzfd/ yjuzxgmggf kgyg{ ajayulalxn`gf yulkz` ojenm gdujxnb/ ajfddgugy ygxgu gxnfd xjhgug ojenm jbj`{nb/ kgf ojenm kgyg{ ajfdjfkgon`gf g`{nrn{gx yjfczgogff~g& Gkgyzf `jxzon{gf! `jxzon{gf ~gfd {naezo kgun x{ug{jdn nfn gkgogm ygxgu gxnfd azfd`nf {nkg` {juengxg kjfdgf yulkz` g{gz yug`{n`!yug`{n` yjagxgugf yjuzxgmggf& Xjognf n{z guagkg yjfczgo kgun kgoga fjdjun ~gfd kn`nuna `j ozgu fjdjun zazaf~g agxnm ajugxg gxnfd kjfdgf ygxgu ~gfd kndgugyf~g&

5 &: X{ug{jdn Yjagxgugf



































Ajfzuz{ Ylu{ju -5994./ ajaegfdzf x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ajuzyg`gf zxgmg ajuzazx`gf bluazog ajfdjfgn xzg{z `layj{nxn enxfnx/ {gudj{ ~gfd xjmguzxf~g knhgygn kgf `jencg`xgfggf ~gfd knez{zm`gf zf{z` ajfhgygn {gudj{ {juxjez{& [jukgyg{ jayg{ `zfhn z{gag ~gfd yjuoz knyju{naegfd`gf lojm xzg{z yjuzxgmggf kgoga ajfjf{z`gf x{ug{jdn yjuxgnfdgf ajfhgygn `jxz`xjxgf/ ~gn{z3 -7. `j`zg{gf kgf `jojagmgf yjuzxgmggf/ -5. fnogn XKA xjegdgn yjog`xgfg `zfhn/ -8. yjozgfd kgf mgaeg{gf kgoga nfkzx{un kgf -;. agx~gug`g{ kgf xlxngo&

5&2 Egzugf Yjagxgugf -Agu`j{nfd An}. Egzugf yjagxgugf g{gz agu`j{nfd an} ajuzyg`gf xjczaogm rgungejo yjagxgugf ~gfd



































ajfnfd`g{`gf yjfczgogf xju{g ojenm ajfnfd`g{`gf `j{ju`jfgogf xzg{z yulkz`& Xug{jdn yulalxn ajuzyg`gf ynonmgf {jumgkgy xgugfg yulalxn xjyju{n gkrju{nxnfd/ yjfczgogf yjulugfdgf -yjuxlfgo xjoonfd./ yulalxn yjfczgogf -xgojx yulal{nlf./ mzezfdgf agx~gug`g{ -yzeonhn{~. kgf yjagxgugf ogfdxzfd -knujh{ agu`j{nfd. -@l{oju/ 7>>4.&

5&4 Gfgonxnx Onfd`zfdgf Enxfnx Onfd`zfdgf enxfnx kgyg{ knegdn g{gx kzg onfd`zfdgf/ ~gn{z onfd`zfdgf j`x{jufgo kgf nf{jufgo& Onfd`zfdgf j`x{jufgo knegdn `j kgoga kzg `g{jdlun/ ~gn{z 3 onfd`zfdgf cgzm kgf onfd`zfdgf nfkzx{un/ xjajf{gug n{z/ onfd`zfdgf nf{jufgo ajuzyg`gf gxyj`!gxyj` ~gfd gkg kn kgoga yjuzxgmggf&



































b&

Xnx{ja Nfbluagxn Agfgcjajf Nfbluagxn ajfdmzezfd`gf xjazg enxfnx ajfcgkn xg{z kgf ajfcgkn kgxgu zf{z`

xjazg `jyz{zxgf agfgcjungo& Nfbluagxn ajfzfcz``gf xzaeju z{gag kgun `j`zg{gf g{gz `jojagmgf `layj{n{nb agfgcjajf& @jdzfggf xnx{ja nfbluagxn agfgcjajf gkgogm zf{z` ajayjuegn`n `nfjucg xzg{z yjuzxgmggf kjfdgf ajayjuegn`n `zgon{gx `jyz{zxgf agfgcjungo& Xnx{ja nfbluagxn ~gfd jbj`{nb gkgogm ajfdzayzo`gf/ ajaejun xnaelo g{gz `lkj/ ajf~naygf/ ajfxnf{j{nx/ kgf ajf~gcn`gf nfbluagxn kgoga ejf{z` ~gfd kgyg{ ajfcgtge yju{gf~ggf yjf{nfd lyjugxn kgf x{ug{jdnx&



































Yjfkg{gfd eguz

Yjuxgnfdgf kn `gogfdgf gfddl{g nfkzx{un



































`lfknxn ejun`z{ {juyjfzmn/ ~gn{z 3 czaogm yjagxl` xjkn`n{/ yulkz` g{gz xjurnx ~gfd gkg gkgogm zfn` kgf agayz ajfhny{g`gf xtn{hmnfd hlx{ ~gfd ejxgu/ {nkg` {juxjkng yulkz` xzex{n{zxn/ kgf yjagxl` agayz ajog`z`gf nf{jdugxn `j kjygf kgf ajfdlogm yulkz` ~gfd knmgxno`gf ajfcgkn yulkz` ~gfd xgag ~gfd knmgxno`gf yjuzxgmggf& j& @j`zg{gf {gtgu!ajfgtgu yjaejon g{gz `lfxzajf Ajfzuz{ Zagu -7>>4./ ejejugyg `lfknxn ~gfd azfd`nf knmgkgyn yjuzxgmggf xjmzezfdgf kjfdgf gkgf~g `j`zg{gf yjaejon gf{gug ognf gkgogm yjaejon agayz ajayulkz`xn yulkz` ~gfd knyjuoz`gf/ xnbg{ yulkz` {nkg` {juknbjujfxngxn kgf egf~g` yjagxl`/ xtn{hmnfd hlx{ yjagxl` gkgogm `jhno/ yjaejon ajayzf~gn {nfd`g{ yulbn{genon{gx









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































5/9!5/: {lf,mg kgf egm`gf xgaygn xgg{ nfn czaogm `lfknxn {gfgagf `jogyg ~gfd xzkgm {zg kgf {nkg` yulkz`{nb ajfhgygn 77/:2* kgun {l {go ozgx gujgo `jogyg Nfklfjxng&

:. Gyon`gxn Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{ [nkg` Egf~g` Eju`jaegfd Xgaygn xgg{ nfn gyon`gxn yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ xjegdngf ejxgu agxnm kndzfg`gf ygkg nfkzx{un nfkzx{un ygfdgf zf{z` kncgkn`gf egmgf eg`z yulkz` ag`gfgf hganogf g{gz xjegdgn egmgf yjojfd`gy& Mgo nfn {nkg` egf~g` eju`jaegfd xjmnfddg xjag`nf ogag ygxgu kgyg{ ajfhgygn {n{n` cjfzm kgf azogn ajfzuzf yjuanf{ggff~g& [gejo 7>& Ag{un`x NBJ zf{z` Nfkzx{un Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{ Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx Nf{jufgo

7

5

Elel{

Ug{nfd

X`lu

-g.

-e.

-g. } -e.

7& @j{juxjknggf egmgf eg`z ajonaygm

9/7:

;

9/29

5& Yulalxn yjfczgogf hz`zy egn`

9/75

8

9/82

8& Kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf yulkz` xgaynfdgf

9/79

8/:

9/8:

7& @zgon{gx yulkz` agxnm ujfkgm

9/78

7/5:

9/72

5& Nfbugx{uz`{zu `zugfd ajagkgn

9/78

7/5:

9/72

8& Xnfùlfnxgxn `jencg`gf yjajunf{gm agxnm `zugfd

9/77

7/4:

9/7>

;& @lf{nfzn{gx egmgf eg`z {nkg` x{geno

9/72

7/5:

9/59

:& Gyon`gxn kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ {nkg` egf~g` eju`jaegfd

9/79

7/:

9/7:

@j`zg{gf

@jojagmgf

[l{go

7/99

5/74

Ag{un`x NBJ knyjulojm ajogozn yjfnogngf yg`gu ajfdjfgn xjcgzm agfg bg`{lu!bg`{lu x{ug{jdnx nf{jufgo ejuyjfdguzm {jumgkgy j`xylu gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng& Xj{ngy yg`gu ajaejun`gf yjfnogngf elel{ kgf yjunfd`g{ {jumgkgy agxnfd!agxnfd bg`{lu x{ug{jdnx nf{jufgo gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g& Xjag`nf `zg{ bg`{lu nf{jufgo {juxjez{/ xjag`nf {nfddn x`luf~g kgf xjag`nf ojagm bg`{lu nf{jufgo {juxjez{/ ag`g xjag`nf ujfkgm x`luf~g& Yjfnogngf ygkg `zjxnlfju zf{z` ag{un`x NBJ knog`z`gf lojm ygug yg`gu `jogyg ~gfd {jogm knxjez{`gf xjejozaf~g kjfdgf ajfdnxn `zjxnlfju xjyju{n ~gfd {jukgyg{ ygkg Ogaynugf 4& Yjfnogngf yg`gu {juxjez{ `jazkngf kngaeno fnogn ug{g!ug{g kgun xjozuzm yjfnogngf ygug yg`gu zf{z` ajayjulojm fnogn ug{g!ug{g xjyju{n ~gfd {jukgyg{ ygkg [gejo 7> kn g{gx& Ejukgxgu`gf [gejo 7>/ gfgonxnx ag{un`x NBJ ajfdmgxno`gf {l{go x`lu xjozuzm bg`{lu nf{jufgo xjejxgu 5/74& [l{go {l{go x`lu nfn ajfdnfkn`gxn`gf egmtg `jagayzgf gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g agxnm ajfhnun`gf nfkzx{un ~gfd ojagm xjhgug nf{jufgo& Xjyju{n ~gfd kncjogx`gf lojm Kgrnk -599>./ {juojygx kgun ejugyg egf~g` bg`{lu ~gfd knagxz``gf `j kgoga Ag{un`x Jrgozgxn Bg`{lu Nf{jufgo/ x`lu elel{ {l{go kn egtgm 5/: ajfhnun`gf ludgfnxgxn ~gfd ojagm xjhgug nf{jufgo/ xjkgfd`gf x`lu elel{ {l{go kn g{gx 5/: ajfdnfkn`gxn`gf ylxnxn nf{jufgo ~gfd `zg{& @j`zg{gf z{gag kgun gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g gkgogm `j{juxjknggf egmgf eg`z ~gfd ajonaygm/ kjfdgf {l{go x`lu {ju{nfddn xjejxgu 9/29& Mgo nfn ajfzfcz``gf `j`zg{gf z{gag kgun































kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ~gfd {nkg` egf~g` eju`jaegfd kjfdgf {l{go x`lu {jujfkgm ~gn{z 9/7:& Mgo nfn

ajfzfcz``gf ajx`nyzf egmgf eg`z `n{g ajonaygm/ fgazf cn`g gyon`gxn kgun yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ {nkg` egf~g` eju`jaegfd/ ygxgu xzg{z xgg{ g`gf elxgf kgf nfn enxg ajfcgkn `jojagmgf z{gag ~gfd ajf~jege`gf yjfzuzfgf yjfczgogf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kn ygxgu j`xylu&

5& Gfgonxnx J}{jufgo Bgh{lu Jrgozg{nlf -JBJ. Gfgonxnx j`x{jufgo nfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ -KH. {juknun kgun bg`{lu yjozgfd kgf gfhgagf ~gfd kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg [gejo 55& Agxnfd!agxnfd bg`{lu ~gfd ajayjfdguzmn kncjogx`gf xjegdgn ejun`z{3 g& Bg`{lu Yjozgfd Bg`{lu yjozgfd ~gfd knanon`n gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kn Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g gkgogm xjegdgn ejun`z{3 7. Yjuanf{ggf Ygxgu J`xylu Hz`zy Ejxgu kgf Hjfkjuzfd Fgn` Yjuanf{ggf yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ zf{z` kzfng agxnm hz`zy ejxgu& Mgo nfn knez`{n`gf kjfdgf yjfnfd`g{gf czaogm jx{nagxn `lfxzaxn kgun yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ zf{z` xjozuzm kzfng ~gfd hjfkjuzfd fgn` kgun {gmzf 599: mnfddg 599> ~gn{z kgun 724&295 {lf xgaygn kjfdgf 597&=7: {lf ajx`nyzf gf{gug ujf{gf tg`{z {juxjez{ agxnm {jucgkn {zuzf!fgn`& Egm`gf jx{nagxn `lfxzaxn kzfng zf{z` yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kgun {gmzf 599= `j {gmzf 599> ajfnfd`g{ xgaygn kjfdgf 75/8*& Xjognf n{z/ czaogm rlozaj naylu kzfng zf{z` yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ czdg hjfkjuzfd fgn` kgun {gmzf 599: xgaygn kjfdgf 599>/ ~gn{z kgun 555&=:9 {lf xgaygn kjfdgf 825&8:> {lf -GYHH/ 599>.& Kg{g jx{nagxn `lfxzaxn kgf rlozaj naylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kzfng kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg [gejo 59& [gejo 59& Kg{g Jx{nagxn @lfxzaxn kgf [l{go Naylu Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{ Kzfng [gmzf

Rlozaj @lfxzaxn -A[.

Rlozaj Naylu -A[.

599:

724&295

555&=:9

5992

582&7:2

5;;&84>

5994

7=2&99;

5==&:88

599=

74>&249

525&244

599>

597&=7:

825&8:>

5. Yjukgdgfdgf Dolego Xjag`nf [juez`g Ozgx Jug yjukgdgfdgf ejegx ajuzyg`gf yjozgfd ~gfd xgfdg{ ajfkz`zfd yjfdjaegfdgf gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ & Ygkg jug nfn/ guzx egugfd/ cgxg/ alkgo/ {j`floldn/ xju{g xzaeju kg~g goga kjfdgf ejegx ajonf{gx kgun xg{z fjdgug `j fjdgug ~gfd ognf& Mgo nfn g`gf ajaejun`gf yjozgfd ~gfd xgfdg{ egn` zf{z` j`xylu yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ `j agfhg fjdgug/ egn` zf{z` ygxgu yl{jfxngo kn tnog~gm Gxng/ agzyzf zf{z` ygxgu yl{jfxngo kn tnog~gm Julyg kgf Gajun`g& Xjognf n{z/ kjfdgf gkgf~g HGB[G - Hmnfg!Gxjgf Bujj [ugkj Gujg . czdg ajfcgkn yjozgfd egdn yjuzxgmggf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng zf{z` ajayjuozgx ygxgugf~g `j ozgu fjdjun/ kgf {juez`gf~g ygxgu j`xylu xjegdgn `lfxj`zjfxn yjaejuog`zgf xnx{ja yjukgdgfdgf ejegx ajf~jege`gf ejuegdgn mgaeg{gf j`xylu eju`zugfd& 8. Yjfnfd`g{gf Czaogm Yjfkzkz` Kzfng































yjfkzkz` ~gfd ajfnfd`g{ {juxjez{/ xgg{ nfn Hmnfg ajuzyg`gf fjdgug kjfdgf yjfkzkz` {juegf~g` ~gn{z xjejxgu 7&882&47=&97: yjfkzkz`/ knxzxzo fjdgug Nfkng kjfdgf 7&7=>&745&>92 yjfkzkz`/ kgf Zfn{jk X{g{jx xjejxgu 878&585&9;; yjfkzkz`& Eju{gaegmf~g czaogm yjfkzkz` kzfng kgf xjag`nf {nfddnf~g {nfd`g{ yjfknkn`gf agx~gug`g{ kzfng xjhgug {nkg` ogfdxzfd ajayjfdguzmn yjfnfd`g{gf yjuanf{ggf yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ xjegdgn yulkz` ygfdgf ~gfd engxgf~g kndzfg`gf `jaegon zf{z` knlogm ajfcgkn yulkz` ag`gfgf ognf xjyju{n hll`njx/ en`zn{/ ul{n/ kgf ognff~g xju{g kndzfg`gf xjegdgn {lyynfd `zj&

;. Yjfdjaegfdgf Nfkzx{un Mnonu Agxnm {juez`g yjozgfd zf{z` ajfdjaegfd`gf nfkzx{un mnonu ~gfd yulkz` g`mnuf~g kgyg{ knj`xylu xjmnfddg ajaejun fnogn {gaegm ~gfd ojenm kgf `jzf{zfdgf ~gfd ojenm ejxgu& Yulkz` mnonu {juxjez{ kgyg{ ejuzyg yulkz`!yulkz` ag`gfgf ~gfd ejuegmgf eg`z kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ / xjyju{n hll`njx/ enx`zn{/ kgf yulkz` hganogf ognff~g xjyju{n ~gfd knyulkz`xn lojm fjdgug yl{jfxngo Hmnfg&

e& Bg`{lu Gfhgagf3 Bg`{lu gfhgagf ~gfd knanon`n gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kn Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g gkgogm xjegdgn ejun`z{3 7. @zgon{gx Yulxjx Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{ Fjdgug Yjxgnfd Ojenm Egdzx Fjdgug yjxgnfd {juejxgu Nfklfjxng kgoga ajfdj`xylu yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ gkgogm fjdgug Bnonynfg& [juhg{g{ kgoga Hlhlfz{ X{g{nx{nhgo ^jguell` GYHH -599>./ czaogm j`xylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ fjdgug Nfklfjxng ejugkg kn yjunfd`g{ `jkzg ~gn{z xjejxgu ;2&2>> {lf xjkgfd`gf czaogm j`xylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ fjdgug Bnonynfg ejugkg kn yjunfd`g{ yju{gag ~gn{z xjejxgu 772&;57 {lf& Mgo nfn kn`gujfg`gf yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Bnonynfg ajanon`n `zgon{gx ~gfd xgfdg{ egn` kgf mndnjfnx ~gfd xgogm xg{zf~g knxjege`gf lojm yjfjugygf Dllk Agfzbgh{zunfd Yulhjxx -DAY. ~gfd {jogm ajf~jozuzm kn xjozuzm nfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kn Bnonynfg& Yulxjx yulkz`xn kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kn fjdgug Bnonynfg xgfdg{ mndnjfnx/ xjmnfddg fjdgug!fjdgug yjfdnaylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ xjyju{n fjdgug!fjdgug Julyg kgf ZXG ~gfd ajuzyg`gf fjdgug ~gfd xgfdg{ ajajf{nfd`gf `zgon{gx `jejuxnmgf yulkz` ygfdgff~g kgun xjcg` egmgf eg`z/ yulxjx/ kgf mgxno yulkz` g`mnuf~g/ ojenm ajanonm ajfdnaylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kgun fjdgug Bnonynfg {juxjez{&

5. J`xylu Egmgf Eg`z -@jogyg Z{zm. Agxnm egf~g`f~g yj{gfn `jogyg ~gfd ajfczgo egmgf eg`z -ezgm `jogyg z{zm. `j fjdgug ognf ~gfd tnog~gmf~g kj`g{ kjfdgf Nfklfjxng xjyju{n Agog~xng kgf Xnfdgyluj ajfcgkn gfhgagf egdn fjdgug Nfklfjxng xjfknun& Mgo nfn ajf~jege`gf egf~g` nfkzx{un yjfdlogm `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ~gfd `j`zugfdgf egmgf eg`z& Xjajf{gug fjdgug yjxgnfd ajfdmgxno`gf yulkz` {zuzfgf `jogyg kjfdgf czaogm ejxgu zf{z` knj`xylu `j fjdgug yl{jfxngo& Ejukgxgu`gf kg{g kgun Yzogz Xgaez Dulzy -5977./ ~gfd agfg nfkzx{unf~g ejugkg kn tnog~gm yjueg{gxgf -@gezyg{jf Nfkugdnun Mnonu/ Yulynfxn Ungz./ Ungz./ czaogm j`xylu kgf yjukgdgfdgf yjukgdgfdgf onf{gx eg{gx `jogyg ez{nugf {gmzf 5992 kgf 5994 kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg [gejo 57 kn egtgm nfn&































[gejo 57& Czaogm J`xylu kgf Yjukgdgfdgf Onf{gx Eg{gx @jogyg Ezog{ [gmzf 5992

[gmzf 5994

J`xylu

=&48;&499

79&;;;&999

Onf{gx Eg{gx

4&:9>&999

4&4>4&999

Czaogm

72&5;8&499

7=&5;7&999

Knyju`nug`gf czaogm {juxjez{ kn g{gx ajfnfd`g{ yjxg{ kgoga {gmzf 5979/ xjmnfddg ygkg gtgo {gmzf 5977 {jogm ajfhgygn xj`n{gu 7:&999&999 ez{nu xgaygn kjfdgf 89&999&999 ez{nu yju ezogf g{gz xj`n{gu :99&999 ez{nu xgaygn kjfdgf 7&999&999 ez{nu yjumgun&

8. [j`floldn Yulxjx Fjdgug Yjxgnfd Ojenm Hgfddnm [j`floldn yulxjx ~gfd knog`z`gf Nfklfjxng kgoga ajayulkz`xn kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ agxnm hjfkjuzfd `zugfd hgfddnm knegfknfd`gf kjfdgf {j`floldn yulxjx ~gfd knog`z`gf lojm fjdgug Bnonynfg& Kgoga ajayulkz`xn kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ / Bnonynfg ajfddzfg`gf gog{ kgf ajxnf ~gfd ejugxgo kgf knugfhgfd kgun ZXG& Yjuanf{ggf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kgun fjdgug ZXG xgfdg{ ejxgu kgf Bnonynfg ajuzyg`gf fjdgug yjfdj`xylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ {juejxgu kn kzfng/ xjmnfddg ajuj`g ej`jucg xgag kjfdgf ZXG xjegdgn yjaezg{ ajxnf hgfddnm zf{z` yulxjx yjaezg{gf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kgf Bnonynfg xjegdgn yjfxzyogn yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ zf{z` ZXG& Mgo nfn ajuzyg`gf xgogm xg{z xjege ajx`nyzf ZXG gkgogm fjdgug yjfdnaylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ {juejxgu kn kzfng -ygkg {gmzf 599> ajfdnaylu xjejxgu 8:&==2 {lf./ fgazf czaogm nayluf~g kgun Nfklfjxng xgfdg{ `jhno / ~gn{z mgf~g xj`n{gu 52 {lf ygkg {gmzf 599> -GYHH/ 599>.& ;. Agfgcjajf Nfkzx{un Fjdgug Yjxgnfd Ojenm Egn` Xgogm xg{z gogxgf ajfdgyg fjdgug Bnonynfg ajuzyg`gf fjdgug yjfdj`xylu yulkz` `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng gkgogm `gujfg agfgcjajf nfkzx{un ~gfd kn{jugy`gf kn xjegdngf ejxgu gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg fjdgug {juxjez{ ojenm egn` knegfknfd`gf kjfdgf fjdgug Nfklfjxng& Bnonynfg ajfjugy`gf agfgcjajf nfkzx{un ~gfd xgfdg{ egn`/ knazogn kgun agfgcjajf yulxjxf~g ~gfd ajfjugy`gf xnx{ja yulxjx yulkz`xn `zgon{gx {nfddn xjyju{n yjfjugygf DAY -Dllk Agfzbgh{zunfd Yulhjxx. kgf yjfjugygf MGHHY - Mgsguk Gfgo~xnx Hun{nhgo Hlf{ulo Ylnf{ . ~gfd ajfzfcgfd `zgon{gx kgf fnogn `jxjmg{gf kgun yulkz` ~gfd knhny{g`gff~g& Xjognf n{z/ xnx{ja agfgcjajf yjagxgugf kgun xjegdngf ejxgu gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Bnonynfg czdg xgfdg{ egn`/ mgo nfn kgyg{ knonmg{ kgun mzezfdgf Bnonynfg kjfdgf fjdgug!fjdgug yl{jfxngo j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd jug{ kgf {jucgonf mzezfdgf ~gfd xgonfd ej`jucg xgag kgf xgonfd ajfdzf{zfd`gf/ xjyju{n ~gfd {jucgkn gf{gug fjdgug Bnonynfg kgf ZXG& Xjognf n{z/ egf~g`f~g yjfkzkz` Bnonynfg ~gfd {nfddgo kn ZXG czdg ajuzyg`gf xgogm xg{z bg`{lu ~gfd ajf~jege`gf {juxjeguf~g {juxjeguf~g yulkz`!yulkz` `jogyg Bnonynfg kn ZXG& Agfgcjajf xzaeju kg~g kg~g agfzxng ~gfd knanon`n lojm xjegdngf ejxgu gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Bnonynfg czdg xgfdg{ egn`/ xjyju{n yjaejungf ujtguk/ yjug{zugf ~gfd `j{g{ kgf yjfjugygf xn`gy knxnynonf kgun yjuzxgmggf ajf~jege`gf ygug yj`jucg Bnonynfg xjegdngf ejxgu ajuanon`n j{lx `jucg ~gfd {nfddn& Ygug yj`jucg Bnonynfg ajanon`n xn`gy/ j{n`g/ kgf `jengxggf ~gfd egn` xjyju{n ugcnf/ yj`jucg `jugx/ zoj{/ kgf knxnyonf ~gfd ajaezg{ ajuj`g kgyg{ ajagcz`gf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn fjdgugf~g&































fjdgug Bnonynfg kgf ajf~jege`gf fjdgug!fjdgug yl{jfxngo j`xylu yulk z` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg/ xjyju{n fjdgug!fjdgug Julyg kgf ZXG ~gfd xgfdg{ ajajf{nfd`gf `zgon{gx kgf `jgagfgf yulkz` ygfdgf ~gfd agxz` `j fjdgugf~g/ {nkg` ajfdnaylu yulkz` `jogyg kgun gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng& Mgo nfn czdg ajf~jege`gf ygug yj`jucg kn Nfklfjxng xjegdngf ejxgu agxnm ajanon`n j{lx `jucg ~gfd ujfkgm/ ~gfd agxnm ojenm ajajf{nfd`gf `jzf{zfdgf ejxgu ~gfd knyjulojm xgg{ nfn {gfyg yjukzon `lf{nfzn{gx kgun `jzf{zfdgf {juxjez{& Xjmnfddg egf~g` nfkzx{un yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ~gfd {nkg` `lf{nfz -egfdùz{ kn {jfdgm cgogf.& Mgo nfn ajfcgkn gfhgagf egdn gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng `gujfg fjdgug yjxgnfdf~g ojenm zoj{ kgoga ajfcgogf`gf zxgmg kgf yulkz`xn yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg&

:. Naylu kgun Fjdgug Xnfdgyluj Ojenm Azkgm Fjdgug!fjdgug yl{jfxngo j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd ejugkg kn Gajun`g kgf Julyg ojenm ajf~z`gn ajaejon yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Xnfdgyluj knegfknfd`gf kjfdgf kn Nfklfjxng& Mgo nfn kn`gujfg`gf enulùgxn yjfczgogf j`xylu kn Xnfdgyluj ojenm xjkjumgfg kgf azkgm/ xju{g `jyjuhg~ggf Egf` kgoga ajaejun`gf Oj{{ju lb Hujkn{ -O,H. ojenm azkgm knejun`gf& Nfn ajuzyg`gf xgogm xg{z gogxgf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ~gfd ajfdj`xylu mgaynu 799* yulkz`f~g ajanon`n agu`j{ lbbnhj -`gf{lu yjagxgugf. kn Xnfdgyluj/ xjyju{n ~gfd knog`z`gf lojm Y[& Yzogz Xgaez& Xjmnfddg g`neg{ kgun `jdng{gf uj! j}ylu{ nfn gkgogm ygug gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng kgyg{ knalflylon yjfczgogff~g lojm ygug {ugkjux kn Xnfdgyluj&

[gejo 55& Ag{un`x JBJ zf{z` Nfkzx{un Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{ Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx J`x{jufgo

7

5

Elel{

Ug{nfd

X`lu

-g.

-e.

-g. } -e.

7& Yjuanf{ggf ygxgu j`xylu ejxgu kgf hjfkjuzfd fgn `

9/78

8&5:

9/;5

5& Yjukgdgfdgf dolego xjag`nf {juez`g ozgx

9/79

8/5:

9/88

8& Yjfnfd`g{gf czaogm yjfkzkz` kzfng

9/94

8/:

9/5:

;& Yjfdjaegfdgf nfkzx{un mnonu

9/75

5/4:

9/88

7& @zgon{gx yulxjx kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ fjdgug yjxgnfd ojenm egdzx

9/77

8&5:

9/82

5& J`xylu egmgf eg`z -`jogyg z{zm.

9/7;

5/5:

9/85

8& [j`floldn yulxjx fjdgug yjxgnfd ojenm hgfddnm

9/77

5/4:

9/89

;& Agfgcjajf nfkzx{un fjdgug yjxgnfd ojenm egn`

9/78

5/5:

9/5>

:& Naylu kgun fjdgug Xnfdgyluj ojenm azkgm

9/9>

5/5:

9/59

Yjozgfd

Gfhgagf

[l{go

7/99

5/=

Ag{un`x JBJ knyjulojm ajogozn yjfnogngf yg`gu ajfdjfgn xjcgzm agfg bg`{lu!bg`{lu x{ug{jdnx j`x{jufgo ejuyjfdguzm {jumgkgy j`xylu gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng& Xj{ngy yg`gu ajaejun`gf yjfnogngf elel{ kgf yjunfd`g{ {jumgkgy agxnfd!agxnfd bg`{lu x{ug{jdnx j`x{jufgo gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g& Yjfnogngf ygkg `zjxnlfju zf{z` ag{un`x

































Ejukgxgu`gf [gejo 55/ gfgonxnx ag{un`x JBJ ~gfd knog`z`gf ajfdmgxno`gf {l{go x`lu xjejxgu 5/=& [l{go x`lu JBJ nfn ajfdnfkn`gxn`gf egmtg `jagayzgf gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g kgoga ajujxylf onfd`zfdgf j`x{jufgof~g kn g{gx ug{g!ug{g& Yjozgfd z{gag kgoga onfd`zfdgf jx`{jufgo gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng kgoga ajog`z`gf `jdng{gf jx`ylu nfn kn{zfcz``gf lojm bg`{lu yjozgfd yjuanf{ggf ygxgu jx`ylu ejxgu kgf hjfkjuzfd fgn` {l{go x`lu {juejxgu ~gn{z 9/;5& Mgo nfn ajagfd ajfcgkn yjozgfd z{gag kgoga ajfdjaegfd`gf kgf ajfnfd`g{`gf czaogm j`xylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng `gujfg ajagfd yjuanf{ggf ygxgu j`xylu xgfdg{ ajfkz`zfd kjfdgf nfdnf kn{nfd`g{`gff~g j`xylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng& Xjkgfd`gf gfhgagf z{gag egdn gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng kgoga ajfdj`xylu yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ gkgogm `jdng{gf naylu kgun fjdgug Xnfdgyluj ojenm azkgm kjfdgf {l{go x`lu {ju`jhno ~gn{z

xjejxgu 9/59& Mgo nfn ajfcgkn gfhgagf z{gag kn`gujfg`gf `jdng{gf naylu ~gfd azkgm enulùgxnf~g kgf yjaejungf O,H kgun Egf` kn Xnfdgyluj ~gfd ojenm azkgm knejun`gf ajf~jege`gf egf~g`f~g fjdgug ygxgu yl{jfxngo kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ~gfd ajfdnaylu g{gz ajaejon yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ knxgfg/ xjmnfddg yjaejon kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kn Nfklfjxng ajfcgkn eju`zugfd kgf g`gf egf~g` {ugkjux kn Xnfdgyluj ~gfd ajaejon yulkz` kn Nfklfjxng `jazkngf knczgo `jaegon ogfdxzfd `jygkg fjdgug! fjdgug yl{jfxngo ~gfd ajf~jege`gf Nfklfjxng {nkg` ejumzezfdgf ogfdxzfd kjfdgf ygxgu yl{jfxngof~g&

8& Gfgonxnx Ag{un`x Nf{jufgo!J}{jufgo -Ag{un`x N!J. Gfgonxnx ag{un`x Nf{jufgo!J`x{jufgo -ag{un`x N!J. kndzfg`gf zf{z` ajfdj{gmzn ylxnxn gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g xgg{ nfn& Ag{un`x N!J knkgxgu`gf ygkg {l{go x`lu ~gfd knyjulojm kgun ag{un`x NBJ kgf JBJ& Ajuzcz` ygkg [gejo 7> kgf [gejo 55/ knyjulojm fnogn ag{un`x NBJ xjejxgu 5/74/ xjkgfd`gf fnogn ag{un`x JBJ xjejxgu 5/=& Ajogozn {l{go x`lu kgoga ag{un`x NBJ kgf JBJ/ ag`g kgyg{ kndgaegu`gf ylxnxn gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g kgoga ag{un`x N!J xjyju{n ygkg Dgaegu 55& [l{go X`lu NBJ

[nfddn 8/9!;/9 [l{go X`lu

Ug{g!ug{g

@zg{

Xjkgfd

Ojagm

8/9!;/9

5/9!5/>>

7/9!7/>>

N

NN

NNN































~gfd xjegn`f~g kn{jugy`gf ygkg ylxnxn nfn gkgogm x{ug{jdn yjfj{ugxn ygxgu kgf yjfdjaegfdgf yulkz`& Ajfzuz{ Zagu -5998./ x{ug{jdn yjfj{ugxn ygxgu gkgogm x{ug{jdn ~gfd ejuzxgmg ajfnfd`g{`gf agu`j{ xmguj xzg{z yulkz` g{gz cgxg ajogozn zxgmg yjagxgugf ~gfd ojenm ejxgu/ kngf{gugf~g kjfdgf ajfgaegm czaogm {jfgdg yjfczgo kgf eng~g zf{z` yulalxn yjfczgogf& Xjkgfd`gf x{ug{jdn yjfdjaegfdgf yulkz` ~gn{z x{ug{jdn ~gfd eju{zczgf gdgu nfkzx{un kgyg{ ajfnfd`g{`gf yjfczgogf kjfdgf hgug ajfnfd`g{`gf g{gz ajalknbn`gxn yulkz`!yulkz` ~gfd gkg xj`gugfd& Mgo nfn xjxzgn kjfdgf gyg ~gfd {jucgkn ygkg gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g xgg{ nfn& Yjfczgogf j`xylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ~gfd agxnm knegtgm fjdgug yjxgnfd ognf {jucgkn kn`gujfg`gf agxnm ejoza egf~g` gdulnfkzx{un Nfklfjxng ~gfd enxg ajfhny{g`gf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kjfdgf `zgon{gx ~gfd knnfdnf`gf ygxgu -{juz{gag ygxgu!ygxgu Julyg kgf Gajun`g. `gujfg fjdgug!fjdgug Julyg kgf Gajun`g ajanon`n x{gfkgu xjfknun zf{z` yulkz`!yulkz` ygfdgf ~gfd agxz` `j fjdgugf~g/ kgf mgf~g gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ~gfd x`gog ejxgu xgcg ~gfd xzkgm kgyg{ ajfdj`xylu yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ / kn`gujfg`gf yjfjugygf XFN kgf x{gfkgu `zgon{gx fjdgug yjfdnaylu ~gfd {jogm

ajuj`g {jugy`gf/ czdg DAY ~gfd {jogm ajuj`g {jugy`gf& Mgo nfn ~gfd ajf~jege`gf agxnm `zugfdf~g czaogm j`xylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng/ xjmnfddg ajagfd knyjuoz`gf alknbn`gxn yulkz`/ yjfgaegmgf `zgon{gx yulkz`/ xju{g ajfnfd`g{`gf g`xjx `j ygxgu& Xnx{ja yulalxn ~gfd egn` ajfkz`zfd yjfnfd`g{gf yjfczgogf yulkz` kn ygxgu j`xylu& [gfyg yjagxgugf kgf yjfdjfgogf yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng `j ygxgu j`xylu/ g`gf xzon{ egdn yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ nfklfjxng

zf{z` ajf~gnfdn yjfczgogf j`xylu yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ fjdgug ognf& Knonmg{ kgun Dgaegu 55 kn g{gx/ ylxnxn gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ -KH. ejugkg ygkg xjo R ~gfd ajfzfcz``gf fnogn j`x{jufgo ~gfd ojenm ejxgu knegfknfd nf{jufgof~g& Lojm `gujfg n{z/ xjegn`f~g kn{jugy`gf x{ug{jdn ~gfd ajfcgkn`gf ylxnxn gdulnfkzx{un KH Nfklfjxng ejugkg ygkg xjo NN kjfdgf ajfnfd`g{`gf bg`{lu j`x{jufgof~g xjmnfddg ajfcgkn ojenm {nfddn& Ejukgxgu`gf [gejo 55/ yjozgfd z{gag kgoga ajfnfd`g{`gf j`xylu KH Nfklfjxng gkgogm ajfnfd`g{f~g yjuanf{ggf ygxgu j`xylu/ xjkgfd`gf gfhgagf z{gagf~g gkgogm naylu kgun fjdgug Xnfdgyluj ~gfd ojenm azkgm& Lojm `gujfg n{z/ x{ug{jdn ~gfd xjegn`f~g kn{jugy`gf gkgogm kjfdgf yjfj{ugxn ygxgu dzfg ajajfzmn yjuanf{ggf xjozuzm ygxgu j`xylu xju{g kjfdgf ajfjugy`gf ujdzogxn ~gfd ojenm unfdgf kgoga yulxjx j`xylu yulkz` `jogyg Nfklfjxng&

;&8&8 Gfgonxnx Ag{un`x XTL[ Gdulnfkzx{un Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{ Gfgonxnx

XTL[

- X{ujfd{mx!Tjg`fjxx!Lyylu{zfn{njx![mujg{x.

ajuzazx`gf

go{jufg{nb!

go{jufg{nb x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd enxg kndzfg`gf lojm gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng kgoga ajfdjx`ylu yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ejukgxgu`gf `lfknxn gdulnfkzx{un xgg{ nfn ~gfd kndgaegu`gf ygkg ag{un`x N!J xjyju{n Dgaegu 55/ ~gn{z ygkg ylxnxn xjo R {gmgy yju{gmgf`gf kgf































[gejo 58& Ag{un`x XTL[ Nfkzx{un Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{

Nf{jufgo

J`x{jufgo

Yjozgfd -Lyylu{zfn{njx. 7& Yjuanf{ggf ygxgu j`xylu hz`zy ejxgu kgf hjfkjuzfd fgn`/ ajfnfd`g{ kgun {gmzf 599=!599> xjejxgu 75/8* 5& Yjukgdgfdgf dolego xjag`nf {juez`g ozgx kjfdgf gkgf~g

@j`zg{gf -X{ujfd{mx. @jojagmgf -Tjg`fjxx. 7& @j{juxjknggf egmgf eg`z 7& @zgon{gx yulkz` ~gfd ajonaygm/ ~gn{z xjegf~g` knmgxno`gf N@A kgf yj{gfn 8/=: cz{g mj`{gu kjfdgf ejoza xjugdga xju{g ejoza yulkz`xn ezgm `jogyg 72/: xjxzgn XFN kgf x{gfkgu az{z anongu ez{nu ezgm `jogyg nf{jufgxnlfgo 5& Yulalxn yjfczgogf hz`zy egn`/ 5& Nfbugx{uz`{zu `zugfd ajagkgn/ ajogozn tjexn{j/ Hlhlnfbl xjyju{n agxnm `zugfd eju`zgon{gxf~g yjogezmgf Nf{jufg{nlfgo/ Knujh{lu~ nf{jufgxnlfgo kgf ygxl`gf [ugkjux GYHH 8& Kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf yulkz` onx{un` ognf ejuzyg xgf{gf kjfdgf 8& Xnfùlfnxgxn `jencg`gf ajayulkz`xn kjxnhhg{jk yjajunf{gm agxnm `zugfd ;& @lf{nfzn{gx egmgf eg`z agxnm hlhlfz{ oltbg{ {nkg` x{geno/ agxnm egf~g` yj{gfn j`xylu `jogyg ez{nugf kgf czaogm {gfgagf `jogyg ~gfd ajfdmgxno`gf ajfzuzf kgun 5&4=>&;72 mg ygkg {gmzf 5994 ajfcgkn 5&448&;=> ygkg {gmzf 599> :& Gyon`gxn kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ {nkg` egf~g` eju`jaegfd/ agxnm kndzfg`gf zf{z` hll`njx/ eg`ju~/ enxhzn{ X{ug{jdn X!L 7& Ajayjuozgx kgjugm yjagxgugf `j ygxgu!ygxgu ~gfd eguz {zaezm/ xjyju{n Julyg [nazu/ Guge/ Hmnfg/ kgf Uzxng xju{g fjdgug yl{jfxngo xjyju{n Gajun`g kgf

X{ug{jdn T!L 7& Ajfnfd`g{`gf `zgon{gx yulkz` {juz{gag kgun xjdn xnbg{ mndnjfnxf~g -X7/ L7/ L5/ L8. 5& Ajfdjaegfd`gf yulkz` gf{gug ognf ajfcgkn hll`njx/ enx`zn{/ xjmnfddg ojenm ejufnogn {gaegm































Gfhgagf -[mujg{x. 7& @zgon{gx yulxjx kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ fjdgug yjxgnfd ojenm egdzx knxjege`gf yjfjugygf DAY -Dllk Agfzbgh{zunfd Yulhjxx. ~gfd ajf~jozuzm 5& J`xylu egmgf eg`z -`jogyg z{zm. ajfhgygn 79/; cz{g ez{nu ygkg {gmzf 5994 8& [j`floldn yulxjx fjdgug

X{ug{jdn X![ X{ug{jdn T![ 7& Ajfdzxgmg`gf yjfdjaegfdgf 7& Ajayjuegn`n nfbugx{uz`{zu ~gfd kgf yjog{nmgf agfgcjajf gkg kgf ajfgaegm nfbugx{uz`{zu nfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ gdgu ajayjuogfhgu yulxjx nfklfjxng xjmnfddg ojenm j`xylu -T5/ T8/ [7/ [8/ [;/ [:. {jug{zu kgf yj`jucgf~g 5& Ajfnfd`g{`gf jbnxnjfxn yulxjx ajanon`n j{lx `jucg {nfddn -X7/ X5/ X8/ [7/ [8/ [;. 5& Ajfnfd`g{`gf `zgon{gx yulxjx

kjfdgf ajog`z`gf yulxjx yjfdlogmgf `jogyg {juygkz gdgu kgyg{ ajaejon `jogyg ez{nugf

kgf {j`floldn yulxjx nfkzx{un

kjfdgf mgudg ojenm agmgo

yjxgnfd ojenm hgfddnm kjfdgf

kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng

knegfknfd yjxgnfd -T 8/ T;/ [5/

ajfddzfg`gf yjugog{gf kgf ajxnf kgun fjdgug agcz xjyju{n

~gfd knegf{z lojm yjajunf{gm kjfdgf yjfjugygf kgf

Gajun`g

yjog{nmgf DAY/ MGHHY/ xju{g

enulùgxn kgoga yulxjx j`xylu!

yjf~jknggf gog{!gog{ kgf ajxnf

naylu kjfdgf ajfnfd`g{`gf

hgfddnm -X7/ X5/ [7/ [8/ [;.

{nfd`g{ `jgagfgf kn yjogezmgf/

;& Agfgcjajf nfkzx{un fjdgug yjxgnfd ojenm egn` kjfdgf

[8/ [;. & Ajfnfd`g{`gf `jazkgmgf

yjfjugygf DAY kgf MGHHY

yjaejuungf `jazkgmgf kgoga

xju{g agfgcjajf XKA ~gfd

mgo yjunsnfgf/ xju{g yjaejungf

egn` xjmnfddg ygug yj`jucg

`jyjuhg~ggf ~gfd azkgm kgoga

ajanon`n j{lx `jucg ~gfd {nfddn

ajfdjozgu`gf O,H -T5/ T8/ [:.

:& Naylu kgun fjdgug Xnfdgyluj ojenm azkgm kgoga mgo yjaejungf O,H kgf enulùgxn j`xylu!nayluf~g ojenm xjkjumgfg

Ejukgxgu`gf gfgonxnx ag{un`x XTL[ {juxjez{/ knuzazx`gf x{ug{jdn!x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd kgyg{ kngyon`gxn`gf xjegdgn ejun`z{3

7&

X{ug{jdn XL X{ug{jdn XL gkgogm x{ug{jdn ~gfd ajfddzfg`gf `j`zg{gf zf{z` ajagfbgg{`gf yjozgfd -Ugfd`z{n/ 5992.& Ejukgxgu`gf gfgonxnx ag{un`x XTL[ ygkg gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng/ knmgxno`gf kzg go{jufg{nb x{ug{jdn XL ~gn{z3 7. Ajayjuozgx kgjugm yjagxgugf/ 5. Ajfnfd`g{`gf yulalxn ajogozn `jucgxgag kjfdgf yjajunf{gm kgf `jkz{ggf































Xjyju{n ~gfd knf~g{g`gf lojm @l{oju -7>>4./ x{ug{jdn yjfdjaegfdgf ygxgu eguz ajuzyg`gf xgogm xg{z x{ug{jdn yju{zaezmgf nf{jfxnb/ `nxn j`xygfxn ygxgu g{gz y ulkz`& Xjognf yjuozgxgf kgjugm yjagxgugf/ dzfg ajfnfd`g{`gf j`xylu gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng

czdg knyjuoz`gf yjfnfd`g{gf yulalxn ~gfd ~gfd {nkg` mgf~g

knog`z`gf lojm gdulnfkzx{un n{z xjfknun/ fgazf czdg knegf{z kgf knkz`zfd lojm yjajunf{gm/ egn` kgun @jajf{ungf Yjukgdgfdgf agzyzf kgun @jajf{ungf Yjunfkzx{ungf/ xju{g egf{zgf kgun `jkz{ggf Nfklfjxng ~gfd ejugkg kn fjdgug ygxgu ygxgu yl{jfxngo& Yjfnfd`g{gf Yjfnfd`g{gf yulalxn nfn kgyg{ knog`z`gf kjfdgf egf{zgf yjajunf{gm kjfdgf ajaejun`gf egf{zgf kgfg zf{z` gdulnfkzx{un ajfdmgknun kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng xjmnfddg kgyg{ ajfdmgknun

ygajugf yulkz` kn fjdgug

yl{jfxngo {juxjez{ ~gfd agfg `jkz{ggf ajaegf{z zf{z` xjogoz ajaejun nfbluagxn {jueguz ajfdjfgn ghgug ygajugf yulkz` kn fjdgug yl{jfxngo/ xjmnfddg gdulnfkzx{un Nfklfjxng kgyg{ n`z{ xju{g ajayju`jfgo`gf yulkz`f~g xjhgug ogfdxzfd kgf ejumzezfdgf xjhgug ogfdxzfd kjfdgf ygug naylu{nu& Mgo nfn kgyg{ ajfzfcgfd gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ nfklfjxng ejumzezfdgf xjhgug ogfdxzfd kgf ajfcgonf an{ug `jucg xjhgug ogfdxzfd kjfdgf naylu{nu -nfkzx{un ygfdgf. ~gfd ajfddzfg`gf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kn nfkzx{unf~g&

5&

X{ug{jdn TL Ajfzuz{ Kgrnk -599>./ x{ug{jdn TL gkgogm x{ug{jdn ~gfd ajanfnago`gf `jojagmgf ~gfd knanon`n zf{z` ajagfbgg{`gf yjozgfd ~gfd gkg& [jukgyg{ kzg go{jufg{nb x{ug{jdn zf{z` x{ug{jdn TL/ ~gn{z3 7. Ajfnfd`g{`gf `zgon{gx yulkz` zf{z` ajayju{gmgf`gf yjogfddgf ogag kgf ajugnm yjogfddgf eguz/ 5. Ajfdjaegfd`gf yulkz` xjmnfddg ojenm ejufnogn {gaegm& @zgon{gx yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng xjejfguf~g {jogm xjxzgn kjfdgf x{gfkgu nf{jufgxnlfgo agzyzf XFN/ fgazf xjegdngf ejxgu nfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ nfklfjxng ~gfd {jogm agayz ajfczgo yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ f~g `j ygxgu j`xylu agxnm ejoza ejxgu& Mgo nfn kn`gujfg`gf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ajuzyg`gf yulkz` ~gfd yjfdgyon`gxngff~g 799* zf{z` ygfdgf/ xjmnfddg `zgon{gx `jejuxnmgf kgf mndnjfnx yulkz` nfn ajuzyg`gf mgo ~gfd xgfdg{ yjf{nfd kgf ajfcgkn egmgf yju{naegfdgf z{gag kgoga ajaejon yulkz` nfn lojm ygug naylu{nu& Xjkgfd`gf xjegdngf ejxgu gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng agxnm ejoza ajajf{nfd`gf yjf{nfdf~g `jejuxnmgf kgf mndnjfnx azogn kgun egmgf eg`z/ yulxjx/ xgaygn yulkz` g`mnu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ {juxjez{& Nfnogm ~gfd ajf~jege`gf knyjuoz`gff~g yjfnfd`g{gf `zgon{gx yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ~gfd knmgxno`gf gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng xjmnfddg kgyg{ ejuxgnfd kn ygxgugf kgf kgyg{ ajujez{ ygxgu

yl{jfxngo kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ~gfd xjegdngf ejxgu ajuzyg`gf fjdgug!fjdgug yjajumg{n `jmndnjfnxgf yulkz` ygfdgf xjyju{n fjdgug!fjdgug Julyg kgf ZXG& Xjyju{n ~gfd knf~g{g`gf lojm Knucjfk Yjukgdgfdgf Ozgu Fjdjun -599>. egmtg ZX Bllk gfk Kuzd Gkanfnx{ug{nlf

































Hmnfg/ ag`g g`gf {jukgyg{ yjfnfd`g{gf fnogn {gaegm ~gfd agfg czdg ajfnfd`g{`gf `jzf{zfdgf/ xju{g yjfgaegmgf ogygfdgf `jucg egdn ug`~g{ Nfklfjxng& Xjognf n{z/ kjfdgf ajfhny{g`gf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ olt bg{ xjegdgn egmgf eg`z yulkz` {juxjez{/ ag`g g`gf {jukgyg{ yulkz` {gaegmgf ~gfd czdg kgyg{ knczgo kn ygxgu j`xylu agzyzf ygxgu klajx{n`/ ~gn{z xgf{gf& Mgo nfn {jf{zf~g xgfdg{ agayz ajfnfd`g{`gf fnogn {gaegm kgun `jogyg xju{g kgyg{ ajaejun `jzf{zfdgf ojenm egdn gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng&

8&

X{ug{jdn X[ X{ug{jdn X[ gkgogm x{ug{jdn ~gfd ajfddzfg`gf `j`zg{gf ~gfd knanon`n zf{z` ajfdg{gxn gfhgagf ~gfd gkg-Agf`{jolt kgf Hguoxlf/ 5977.& [jukgyg{ kzg go{jufg{nb x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd knuzazx`gf ajogozn x{ug{jdn X[/ ~gn{z3 7. Ajfdzxgmg`gf yjfdjaegfdgf yjfdjaegfdgf kgf yjog{nmgf agfgcjajf nfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng xjmnfddg ojenm {jug{zu kgf yj`jucgf~g ajanon`n j{lx `jucg {nfddn/ 5. Ajfnfd`g{`gf `zgon{gx yulxjx kgf {j`floldn yulxjx nfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ~gfd knegf{z lojm yjajunf{gm& X{ug{jdn yjog{nmgf agfgcjajf nfkzx{un eju{zczgf zf{z` ajfhny{g`gf gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ~gfd ajanon`n agfgcjajf nfkzx{un ~gfd egn`/ {jug{zu/ knxnyonf/ xjmnfddg ajanon`n yj`jucg ~gfd ejuj{lx `jucg {nfddn xju{g agfgcjajf yulxjx ~gfd mndnjfnx kjfdgf {j`floldn hgfddnm kgf yulxjx yulkz`xn kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ~gfd mndnjfnx xjmnfddg kgyg{ ajf~gnfdn yjxgnfd z{gag/ xjyju{n Bnonynfg kgf Xunogf`g& Kjfdgf yjog{nmgf agfgcjajf nfkzx{un ~gfd knhny{g`gf g{gz kng{zu kgf knxjojfddgug`gf xjhgug uz{nf lojm nfkzx{unf~g xjfknun agzyzf kjfdgf egf{zgf bgxnon{gx kgun yjajunf{gm/ agfgcjajf nfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng kgyg{ ojenm agcz knegfknfd fjdgug ognf kgf kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kjfdgf `zgon{gx ojenm egn` xju{g agayz knyjuhg~g lojm fjdgug!fjdgug ygxgu yl{jfxngo

zf{z` ajajfzmn `jez{zmgf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ajuj`g& [juz{gag fjdgug Gajun`g/ xjegdgn fjdgug ~gfd xgfdg{ ajayjumg{n`gf `zgon{gx yulxjx yulkz`xn yulkz` ygfdgf ~gfd agxz` `j fjdgugf~g/ ~gfd ajuzyg`gf fjdgug yjfdnaylu kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ {juegf~g` kn kzfng ~gn{z































Ajayjuegn`n kgf ajfgaegm nfbugx{uz`{zu xgfdg{ knez{zm`gf dzfg ajfzfcgfd `jogfhgugf yulxjx kgf knx{unezxn j`xylu yulkz` kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ nfn& Hlf{lmf~g zf{z` nfbugx{uz`{zu xjyju{n yjogezmgf nf{jufgxnlfgo& [jf{zf~g ez`gf mgo ~gfd azkgm zf{z` ajfhny{g`gf nfbugx{uz`{zu nfn/ lojm `gujfg n{z egf{zgf kgun yjajunf{gm zf{z` ajayjuegn`n nfbugx{uz`{zu ~gfd gkg gdgu xnx{ja kn yjogezmgf nf{jufgxnlfgo {juxjez{ ejucgogf ojenm ogfhgu kgf egn` kgyg{ ajayjuogfhgu yulxjx j`xylu& Mgo {juxjez{ kgyg{ knog`z`gf kjfdgf ajayjuegn`n gdgu {nkg` {jucgkn `jaghj{gf kn xj`n{gu yjogezmgf/ yjfdzxgmggf gnu ejuxnm/ yjfdzxgmggf gog{ elfd`gu azg{gf gdgu {nkg` ogag yjfdlyjugxngff~g/ kgf ognf xjegdgnf~g& Kgoga mgo nfn/ gdulnfkzx{un czdg yjuoz ajfkz`zfd gdgu enxg xgonfd ajfcgdg nfbugx{uz`{zu ~gfd gkg& Jbnxnjfxn yulxjx czdg knyjuoz`gf gdgu nfkzx{un kgyg{ ajayjulojm `jzf{zfdgf ~gfd ojenm kgf {nkg` {jukgyg{ egmgf eg`z ~gfd {juezgfd xng!xng& Jbnxnjfxn yulxjx knog`z`gf kjfdgf yjfdzxgmggf yulxjx yjfdlogmgf `jogyg {juygk kjfdgf zfn{ yjfdlogmgf ~gfd kgyg{ ajfdmgxno`gf ejugfj`g ugdga yulkz` kgf ajagfbgg{`gf xjozuzm egdngf kgun `jogyg ~gfd knejon nfkzx{un kn yj{gfn xjmnfddg kgyg{ ajayjulojm `jzf{zfdgf ojenm& Mgo nfn czdg eju{zczgf zf{z` ajfnfd`g{`gf mgudg `jogyg yj{gfn/ xjmnfddg nfkzx{un kgyg{ ajaejon `jogyg kjfdgf mgudg ~gfd {nfddn/ xjmnfddg yj{gfn czdg {nkg` ajfdj`xylu `jogyg -ez{nu. `j fjdgug ognf `gujfg nfkzx{un kn fjdjun xjfknun agayz ajaejon kjfdgf mgudg agmgo ~gfd knnfdnf`gf yj{gfn& Mgo nfn kgyg{ xgonfd ajfdzf{zfd`gf `jkzg ejogm ynmg` kgf ajfnfd`g{`gf j`xylu `jogyg Nfklfjxng& Nfn ajuzyg`gf xgogm xg{z x{ug{jdn ajfdzgxgn egmgf egmgf eg`z kgun kgoga fjdjun xjfknun& Yjfnfd`g{gf `jazkgmgf enulùgxn kgoga yulxjx j`xylu!naylu eju{zczgf gdgu ygug yjaejon kgun fjdgug yl{jfxngo {nkg` ajugxg `jxzon{gf kgoga ajog`z`gf yulxjx naylu kgun fjdgug Nfklfjxng& @jazkgmgf enulùgxn {nkg` mgf~g kgoga mgo yjunsnfgf/ fgazf czdg kgoga mgo `jgagfgf ~gfd engxgf~g {jukgyg{ yjuanf{ggf {gunb {ju{jf{z kgun ynmg` ~gfd {nkg` eju{gfddzfd cgtge xjmnfddg ajayjuogaeg{ yulxjx yjfdnunagf egugfd `j fjdgug ygxgu































kgf ajfnfd`g{`gf `jzf{zfdgf/ ajfnfd`g{`gf `zgon{gx yulkz` {juz{gag kgun xjdn xnbg{ mndnjfnxf~g kn`gujfg`gf kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ ajuzyg`gf yulkz` ~gfd 799* yjfddzfggff~g zf{z` ajayulkz`xn ygfdgf xjmnfddg kgyg{ ajajfzmn yjuanf{ggf ygxgu j`xylu ~gfd xjag`nf ajfnfd`g{/ ajfnfd`g{`gf `jazkgmgf enulùgxn kgoga yulxjx j`xylu!naylu kjfdgf ajfnfd`g{`gf {nfd`g{ `jgagfgf kn yjogezmgf/ yjaejungf `jazkgmgf kgoga mgo yjunsnfgf/ xju{g yjaejungf `jyjuhg~ggf ~gfd azkgm kgoga ajfdjozgu`gf O,H dzfg ajfdg{gxn gfhgagf z{gag ~gfd agfg naylu kgun Xnfdgyluj ojenm azkgm/ ajayjuozgx kgjugm yjagxgugf `j ygxgu!ygxgu ~gfd eguz {zaezm xjyju{n Julyg [nazu/ Guge/ Hmnfg/ kgf Uzxng/ kgf ajfdjaegfd`gf yulkz` xjmnfddg ejufnogn {gaegm xjyju{n hll`njx/ enxhzn{x/ eg`ju~&

Yjfnfd`g{gf jbnxnjfxn yulxjx knog`z`gf zf{z` ajfdmgxno`gf ejuegdgn aghga yulkz` kgoga yjfdlogmgf yju ez{nu `jogygf~g& Kjfdgf kjan`ngf/ g`gf egf~g` yulkz` ~gfd kgyg{ knczgo xjmnfddg agayz ajfz{zyn kgf ajfdzugfdn eng~g xju{g ajayjulojm `jzf{zfdgf ojenm& Mgo nfn xgfdg{ yjf{nfd zf{z` knog`z`gf xjege ylxnxn gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng ~gfd agxnm ejugkg ygkg ylxnxn kldx ajajuoz`gf x{ug{jdn yjfdzugfdgf gxj{ kgf eng~g gdgu `jkjygff~g kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ kgyg{ {j{gy {zaezm kgf ajfnfd`g{ yjfczgogff~g& Yjfnfd`g{gf `zgon{gx yulkz` ajuzyg`gf x{ug{jdn ~gfd czdg {jyg{ knog`z`gf xgg{ nfn dzfg ajfnfd`g{`gf yjuanf{ggf kgun ygxgu!ygxgu ~gfd eguz knagxz`n agzyzf ygxgu!ygxgu ~gfd {jogm ajfcgkn yjogfddgf xjejozaf~g& Yjuozgxgf kgjugm yjagxgugf kgf yjfdjaegfdgf yulkz` ajfcgkn yulkz` ~gfd ojenm ejufnogn {gaegm czdg xgfdg{ yjf{nfd zf{z` knog`z`gf xjegdgnagfg xjxzgn kjfdgf ylxnxn nfkzx{un ygkg ag{un`x nf{jufgo!j`x{jufgo ~gn{z ygkg ylxnxn xjo R kjfdgf x{ug{jdn {juegn`f~g ~gn{z yjfj{ugxn ygxgu kgf yjfdjaegfdgf yulkz`&

;&8&: Gfgonxnx Ylxnxn @layj{n{nb Ujog{nb Gdulnfkzx{un Anf~g` @jogyg Gfgonxnx ylxnxn `layj{n{nb ujog{nb gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg kndgaegu`gf kgoga ag{un`x EHD ~gfd ajuzyg`gf yjfkj`g{gf ylu{lblonl yjuzxgmggf& Ag{un`x EHD knezg{ ejukgxgu`gf rlozaj jx`ylu anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng kgf `layj{n{lu z{gagf~g ~gn{z Bnonynfg/ xjyju{n knxgcn`gf ygkg [gejo 5;&































ygfdxg ygxgu ujog{nb anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng ~gfd knyjulojm {juxjez{/ kgyg{ knezg{ yol{ ygkg kngduga ag{un`x EHD xjyju{n knxgcn`gf ygkg Dgaegu 58&

Ygfdxg Ygxgu Ujog{nb [nfddn 7/9

Xjkgfd 9/:9

Ujfkgm 9/9

[nfddn 59*

X{gu NN [nfd`g{ Yju{zaezmgf Ygxgu

Wzjx{nlf Agu` N

Xjkgfd 9*

Hgxm Hlt NNN

Kldx NR

Ujfkgm !59*

Dgaegu 58& Ag{un`x EHD Gdulnfkzx{un Anf~g` @jogyg Nfklfjxng [gmzf 599> Ygkg Dgaegu 58 {juxjez{ nfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg ejugkg ygkg xjo hgxm hlt knagfg ylxnxn nfn ajfzfcz``gf nfkzx{un ajanon`n {nfd`g{ yju{zaezmgf ygxgu ~gfd ujfkgm fgazf ygfdxg ygxgu ~gfd knanon`nf~g ujog{nb ejxgu& Ygkg ylxnxn nfn ygxgu kgoga `lfknxn {jogm kjtgxg/ `gujfg {nfd`g{































yjozgfd kgf gfhgagf gdulnfkzx{un kgoga ajagxgu`gf yulkz`f~g kn ygxgu j`xylu xjmnfddg ajfjf{z`gf yjujfhgfggf x{ug{jdn ~gfd jbj`{nb kgoga ajagxgu`gf yulkz` kn ygxgu j`xylu& Gfgonxnx nf{jufgo kgf j`x{jufgo kgun gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg nfn knog`z`gf kjfdgf hgug x{zkn yzx{g`g/ ajfhgun ujbjujfxn kgun nf{jufj{ ajfdjfgn gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng/ ajog`z`gf knx`zxn kgf tgtgfhgug kjfdgf yg`gu `jogyg kgun ejuegdgn ynmg` xjyju{n ~gfd {jogm knxjez{`gf xjejozaf~g/ xju{g kjfdgf ajog`z`gf yjfdnxngf `zjxnlfju lojm ygug yg`gu zf{z` yjaelel{gf bg`{lu!bg`{lu nf{jufgo kgf j`x{jufgo {juxjez{ ~gfd `zjxnlfjuf~g kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg Ogaynugf 4&

7& Gfgonxnx Nf{jufgo Bgh{lu Jrgozg{nlf -NBJ. Gfgonxnx nf{jufgo nfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg {juknun kgun bg`{lu `j`zg{gf kgf `jojagmgf ~gfd kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg [gejo 5:& Agxnfd!agxnfd bg`{lu ~gfd ajayjfdguzmn kncjogx`gf xjegdgn ejun`z{3 g& Bg`{lu @j`zg{gf Bg`{lu `j`zg{gf ~gfd knanon`n gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g gkgogm xjegdgn ejun`z{3 7. @j{juxjknggf Egmgf Eg`z Ajonaygm Nfklfjxng ajuzyg`gf fjdgug ~gfd ajanon`n ozgx gujgo `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng xju{g fjdgug yjfdmgxno `jogyg {juegf~g` kn kzfng& Ejukgxgu`gf kg{g kgun Hlhlfz{ X{g{nx{nhgo ^jguell` GYHH -599>./ Nfklfjxng ajanon`n ozgx gujgo `jogyg xjejxgu 8/=: cz{g mj`{gu kjfdgf yulkz`xn ezgm `jogyg xjegf~g` 72/;>= anongu ez{nu ezgm `jogyg g{gz xj{gug 8/8 cz{g {lf `lyug& @j`g~ggf `jogyg ~gfd knanon`n Nfklfjxng nfn egm`gf ajfnfd`g{ kgun {gmzf!{gmzf xjejozaf~g ~gfd kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg [gejo 7=& @lfknxn nfn xjejfguf~g xgfdg{ ajfkz`zfd `j`zg{gf gdulnfkzx{un kgoga ajajfzmn egmgf eg`z& Knyjuoz`gf `jucg xgag ~gfd egn` gf{gug yj{gfn `jogyg kjfdgf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng dzfg ajagfbgg{`gf yl{jfxn ejxgu nfn&

5. Yjfdmgxno Anf~g` @jogyg [juejxgu @jkzg kn Kzfng

































e& Bg`{lu @jojagmgf Bg`{lu `jojagmgf ~gfd knanon`n gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g gkgogm xjegdgn ejun`z{3 7. @zugfd Yjfdjaegfdgf Yulkz` Xgaygn xgg{ nfn yulkz` anf~g` `jogyg ~gfd knmgxno`gf kgf knczgo kn ygxgu j`xylu `zgon{gxf~g mgf~g xgaygn huzkj& Gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ejoza enxg ajayulkz`xn yulkz` lojlhmjanhgo& Mgo nfn kn`gujfg`gf `zugfdf~g klulfdgf kgun yjajunf{gm xju{g yjuzxgmggf xtgx{g ~gfd agxnm ejoza agz ajayulkz`xn yulkz` ~gfd ejufnogn {gaegm ojenm {nfddn {juxjez{ g`neg{ agxnm ejxguf~g yjuanf{ggf ygxgu g`gf yulkz` anf~g` `jogyg - huzkj.& Ygkgmgo ygfdxg ygxgu j`xylu kgun yulkz` anf~g` `jogyg n{z xjfknun `jazfd`nfgf ejxgu {nkg` kgyg{ ajfcgkn ojenm ejxgu ogdn -{jogm ajfhgygn {nfd`g{ ag`xnaza/ `jhzgon cn`g agayz ajujez{ ygxgu kgun fjdgug yjxgnfd.& Xjognf n{z/ cn`g gdulnfkzx{un Nfklfjxng ajayulkz`xn ojenm egf~g` anf~g` `jogyg kgf agayz ajfdmgxno`gf yulkz` {zuzfgff~g ejuzyg lojlhmjanhgo ag`g Nfklfjxng kgyg{ ajujez{ ygfdxg ygxgu fjdgug ognf ~gfd engxg ajfdj`xylu

yulkz` lojlhmjanhgo `jogyg g{gz egm`gf agayz ajaezg{ ygxgu eguz zf{z` yulkz` lojlhmjanhgo `jogyg {juxjez{& Xjmnfddg fnogn {gaegm xju{g `jzf{zfdgf ~gfd knyjulojm kgyg{ ojenm ejxgu kgf kgyg{ ajfhny{g`gf ogygfdgf yj`jucggf eguz egdn agxg~gug`g{ Nfklfjxng&

































ejuzyg~g xjegn` azfd`nf kjan ajagcz`gf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng/ xgogm xg{zf~g kjfdgf ajaegf{z ajfnfd`g{`gf `zgon{gx yulkz` kgf ajfdzyg~g`gf gdgu yjfczgogf j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg Nfklfjxng xjag`nf ajfnfd`g{& Mgo nfn {jf{zf~g ojenm ajfdzf{zfd`gf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng/ xjajf{gug fgxne ug`~g{ yj{gfn `jogyg {j{gy ygkg mgudg x{gfkgu ezgm `jogyg ygkg zazaf~g/ ejoza ogdn cn`g ajuj`g ‟knyjuagnf`gf‑ lojm

ygug {jfd`zog`&

:. @lf{nfzn{gx Egmgf Eg`z Agxnm [nkg` X{geno @jogyg ajagfd ajagfd ajuzyg`gf `lalkn{n `lalkn{n ~gfd {nkg` xzon{ kn{jazn& kn{jazn& Ozgx gujgo `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ~gfd xgfdg{ ejxgu xjegdngf ejxgu knanon`n lojm ygug yj{gfn -ug`~g{ `jhno.& Xjejxgu >=* g{gz xj`n{gu 8/44 cz{g mj`{gu gujgo `jogyg knanon`n lojm ygug yj{gfn `jogyg/ xnxgf~g xjejxgu 5* g{gz xj`n{gu 44999 mj`{gu knanon`n lojm yjuzxgmggf xtgx{g& Xjegdngf ejxgu ygug yj{gfn agxnm ajfdlogm `jogyg mgf~g ajfcgkn `lyug g{gz knczgo kgoga ejf{z` ez{nugf `jogyg -Knucjf Yju`jezfgf/ 599>.& Fgazf/ xn`gy ygug yj{gfn ~gfd ajfdj`xylu `jogyg ez{nugf ajf~jege`gf xzon{f~g egdn ygug nfkzx{un zf{z` ajayjulojm egmgf eg`z&

[gejo 5:& Ag{un`x NBJ zf{z` Nfkzx{un Anf~g` @jogyg Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx Nf{jufgo

Elel{

Ug{nfd

X`lu

































kncjogx`gf lojm Kgrnk -599>./ {juojygx kgun ejugyg egf~g` bg`{lu ~gfd knagxz``gf `j kgoga Ag{un`x Jrgozgxn Bg`{lu Nf{jufgo/ x`lu elel{ {l{go kn egtgm 5/: ajfhnun`gf ludgfnxgxn ~gfd ojagm xjhgug nf{jufgo/ xjkgfd`gf x`lu elel{ {l{go kn g{gx 5/: ajfdnfkn`gxn`gf ylxnxn nf{jufgo ~gfd `zg{& @j`zg{gf z{gag kgun gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g gkgogm `j{juxjknggf egmgf eg`z ~gfd ajonaygm/ kjfdgf {l{go x`lu {ju{nfddn xjejxgu 9/:2& Xjyju{n gdulnfkzx{un kjxnhhg{jk hlhlfz{ Nfklfjxng/ mgo nfn ajfzfcz``gf `j`zg{gf z{gag kgun gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg gkgogm `gujfg `j{juxjknggf egmgf eg`zf~g ~gfd ajonaygm ~gfd agfg ajagfd fjdgug Nfklfjxng nfn ajuzyg`gf fjdgug yjfdmgxno `jogyg {juejxgu kn kzfng& Xjkgfd`gf `jojagmgf z{gag kgun gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g gkgogm mgudg anf~g` `jogyg ~gfd {nkg` x{geno kjfdgf {l{go x`lu {jujfkgm ~gn{z 9/7:& Mgo nfn ajfzfcz``gf `jojagmgf z{gag gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng kgoga ajfdjx`ylu yulkz`f~g gkgogm mgudg anf~g` `jogyg ~gfd {nkg` x{geno ~gfd czdg ajf~jege`gf `jzf{zfdgf ~gfd knyjulojm gdulnfkzx{un {juxjez{ ajfcgkn ejugdga -{nkg` {jf{z./ xju{g mgudg egmgf eg`z ~gn{z `jogyg ~gfd kgyg{ knejon kgun yj{gfn yzf ajanon`n yg{l`gf mgudg ~gfd {nkg` ajfjf{z& Mgo nfn {nkg` mgf~g ajuzdn`gf nfkzx{un fgazf czdg ygug yj{gfn `jogyg&

5& Gfgonxnx J}{jufgo Bgh{lu Jrgozg{nlf -JBJ. Gfgonxnx j`x{jufgo nfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg {juknun kgun bg`{lu yjozgfd kgf gfhgagf ~gfd kgyg{ knonmg{ ygkg [gejo 54& Agxnfd!agxnfd bg`{lu ~gfd ajayjfdguzmn kncjogx`gf xjegdgn ejun`z{3

































Czaogm yjfkzkz` kzfng xjag`nf mgun xjag`nf eju{gaegm& Ejukgxgu`gf Nf{jufg{nlfgo Kg{g Egxj ZX Hjfxzx Ezujgz -5977./ czaogm yjfkzkz` kzfng ygkg xgg{ nfn xjejxgu 2&>7=&2=4&58= yjfkzkz`/ ajfnfd`g{ kgun {gmzf xjejozaf~g ~gn{z xjejxgu 2&==;&57:&528& Kjfdgf czaogm yjfkzkz` ~gfd ajfnfd`g{ {juxjez{/ xgg{ nfn Hmnfg ajuzyg`gf fjdgug kjfdgf yjfkzkz` {juegf~g` ~gn{z xjejxgu 7&882&47=&97: yjfkzkz`/ knxzxzo fjdgug Nfkng kjfdgf 7&7=>&745&>92 yjfkzkz`/ kgf Zfn{jk X{g{jx xjejxgu 878&585&9;; yjfkzkz`& Eju{gaegmf~g czaogm yjfkzkz` kzfng {juxjez{ xjhgug {nkg` ogfdxzfd ajayjfdguzmn yjfnfd`g{gf yjuanf{ggf yulkz` anf~g` `jogyg& Xjag`nf agcz kgf eju`jaegfdf~g `jmnkzygf kzfng/ ag`g xjag`nf egf~g` yzog yjuanf{ggf g`gf `jez{zmgf xjyju{n kj{jucjf/ xgezf/ xmgayl/ hgnugf yjfhzhn kgf yjfdmnogfd ojag`/ kgf yulkz` ognff~g ~gfd agfg anf~g` `jogyg ajuzyg`gf egmgf `laylfjf z{gag g{gzyzf egmgf `laylfjf yjaegf{z kgoga yjaezg{gf yulkz`!yulkz` {juxjez{&

;. Yjfdjaegfdgf Nfkzx{un Mnonu Agxnm {juez`g yjozgfd zf{z` ajfdjaegfd`gf nfkzx{un mnonu ~gfd yulkz` g`mnuf~g kgyg{ knj`xylu xjmnfddg ajaejun fnogn {gaegm ~gfd ojenm kgf `jzf{zfdgf ~gfd ojenm ejxgu& Yulkz` mnonu {juxjez{ kgyg{ ejuzyg lojlhmjanhgox kgun anf~g` `jogyg kgf yulkz`!yulkz` {zuzfgff~g xju{g anf~g` dlujfd `jogyg& Mgo nfn kn`gujfg`gf yjfddzfggf kgun yulkz`

































`jogyg knegfknfd`gf kjfdgf fjdgug Bnonynfg ~gfd czaogm yjfkzkz`f~g mgf~g >5/: cz{g yjfkzkz`& Jx{nagxn `lfxzaxn `jogyg klajx{n` Nfklfjxng xjejxgu 29/;* kgun {l{go yulkz`xn `jogyg Nfklfjxng/ xjkgfd`gf Bnonynfg ajanon`n jx{nagxn `lfxzaxn `jogyg klajx{n` mgf~g xjejxgu 85* kgun {l{go yulkz`xn `jogygf~g/ xjmnfddg ojenm egf~g` `jogyg ~gfd kndzfg`gf zf{z` egmgf eg`z nfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg kn fjdgug {juxjez{& Egm`gf Bnonynfg c zdg ajog`z`gf naylu zf{z` `lyug xjegdgn egmgf eg`z anf~g` `jogyg xjejxgu 2=&42; {lf ygkg {gmzf 599> xjmnfddg yulkz`xn anf~g` `jogygf~g czdg xjag`nf {nfddn -GYHH/ 599>.& Mgo!mgo {juxjez{ ajfcgkn xgogm xg{z yjf~jege czaogm j`xylu anf~g` `jogyg Bnonynfg ojenm ejxgu knegfknfd Nfklfjxng& Xjognf n{z/ agxnm egf~g`f~g yj{gfn `jogyg Nfklfjxng ~gfd ejugkg kn tnog~gm yjueg{gxgf gf{gug Nfklfjxng kjfdgf fjdgug {j{gfddg xjyju{n Agog~xng kgf Xnfdgyluj ~gfd ajfdj`xylu `jogyg z{zm zf{z` fjdgug {juxjez{ ajf~jege`gf Nfklfjxng czdg `j`zugfdgf egmgf eg`z zf{z` ajfgaegm czaogm yulkz`xn anf~g` `jogygf~g&

[gejo 52& Rlozaj Yulkz`xn Anf~g` @jogyg Nfklfjxng kgf Bnonynfg [gmzf

Nfklfjxng -A[.

Bnonynfg -A[.

599:

424&299

7&;::&999

5992

42>&:99

7&8==&999



































`jogyg kn Nfklfjxng `gujfg fjdgug yjxgnfdf~g ojenm zoj{ kgoga ajfcgogf`gf zxgmg kgf yulkz`xn yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg&

8. Naylu kgun Fjdgug Xnfdgyluj Ojenm Azkgm Fjdgug!fjdgug yl{jfxngo j`xylu yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ~gfd ejugkg kn Gajun`g kgf Julyg ojenm ajf~z`gn ajaejon yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Xnfdgyluj knegfknfd`gf kjfdgf kn Nfklfjxng& Mgo nfn kn`gujfg`gf enulùgxn yjfczgogf j`xylu kn Xnfdgyluj ojenm xjkjumgfg kgf azkgm/ xju{g `jyjuhg~ggf Egf` kgoga ajaejun`gf Oj{{ju lb Hujkn{ -O,H. ojenm azkgm knejun`gf& Nfn ajuzyg`gf xgogm xg{z gogxgf gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn Nfklfjxng



































Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx J`x{jufgo

7

Elel{

Ug{nfd

X`lu

-g.

-e.

-g. } -e.

7& Yjuanf{ggf ygxgu j`xylu xgfdg{ {nfddn

9/78

8/5:

9/;5

5& Yjukgdgfdgf dolego xjag`nf {juez`g ozgx

9/9>

8/5:

9/5>

8& Yjfnfd`g{gf czaogm yjfkzkz` kzfng

9/94

8/:

9/5:

;& Yjfdjaegfdgf nfkzx{un mnonu

9/78

5/4:

9/82

Yjozgfd



































NBJ kgf JBJ/ ag`g kgyg{ kndgaegu`gf ylxnxn gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng ygkg zazaf~g kgoga ag{un`x N!J xjyju{n ygkg Dgaegu 5;& [l{go X`lu NBJ

[nfddn 8/9!;/9

@zg{

Xjkgfd

Ojagm

8/9!;/9

5/9!5/>>

7/9!7/>>

N

NN

NNN



































anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng dzfg ajajfzmn yjuanf{ggf xjozuzm ygxgu j`xylu xju{g kjfdgf ajfjugy`gf ujdzogxn ~gfd ojenm unfdgf kgoga yulxjx j`xylu yulkz` `jogyg Nfklfjxng&

;&8&4 Gfgonxnx Ag{un`x XTL[ Gdulnfkzx{un Anf~g` @jogyg Gfgonxnx

XTL[

- X{ujfd{mx!Tjg`fjxx!Lyylu{zfn{njx![mujg{x.

ajuzazx`gf

go{jufg{nb!

go{jufg{nb x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf ~gfd enxg kndzfg`gf lojm gdulnfkzx{un anf~g` `jogyg Nfklfjxng kgoga ajfdjx`ylu yulkz` anf~g` `jogyg ejukgxgu`gf `lfknxn gdulnfkzx{un xgg{ nfn ~gfd kndgaegu`gf ygkg ag{un`x nf{jufgo!j`x{jufgo xjyju{n ygkg Dgaegu 5;/ ~gn{z ygkg ylxnxn xjo R {gmgy yju{gmgf`gf kgf



































5&>8>&:99 {lf mnfddg mnfddg {gmzf

Julyg [nazu/ Guge/ Hmnfg/

lojlhmjanhgox zf{z` egmgf

599> ~gn{z xjejxgu 8&92;&=99 {lf

kgf Uzxng xju{g ygxgu yl{jfxngo xjyju{n Gajun`g kgf Julyg

yjaezg{gf xgezf/ kj{jucjf/ hg{/ kgf yulkz` g`mnu kgoga

-X7/ X5/ X8/ L7/ L5/ L8.

ejf{z` ygfdgf xjyju{n anf~g`

5& Yjukgdgfdgf dolego xjag`nf {juez`g ozgx kjfdgf gkgf~g

dlujfd/ ajf{jdg/ ag`gfgf

HGB[G kgf bujj j}ylu{ {g}jx

eg~n/ kgf ognf xjegdgnf~g

zf{z` yulkz` `jogyg

xjmnfddg ojenm ejufnogn {gaegm

8& Yjfnfd`g{gf czaogm yjfkzkz` kzfng/ ~gfd agfg xgg{ nfn

-T7/ T5/ T:/ L5/ L8/ L;. 5& Ajfhny{g`gf `jxjogugxgf









































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































YJFNOGNGF ELEL[ GO[JUFG[NB YGXGU YL[JFXNGO YULKZ@ KJXXNHG[JK HLHLFZ[ HLHLFZ[ Ejun`gf mgxno yjuegfknfdgf ygkg {gejo ejun`z{ zf{z` ajfjf{z`gf go{jufg{nb ejukgxgu`gf agxnfd! agxnfd ùn{jung&

7& @UN[JUNG YJOZGFD YGXGU JOJAJF E JOJAJF G Djuagf~ Djuagf~

Yg`nx{gf

Hmnfg

7

Yg`nx{gf

7

Hmnfg

7

5& @UN[JUNG [NFD@G[ YJUXGNFDGF JOJAJF E JOJAJF G Djuagf~ Djuagf~

Yg`nx{gf

Hmnfg

7

Yg`nx{gf

7

Hmnfg

7

8& @UN[JUNG @JHJFKJUZFDGF YJUANF[GGF JOJAJF E JOJAJF G Djuagf~ Djuagf~ Yg`nx{gf Hmnfg

Yg`nx{gf

Hmnfg

7 7 7































;& @UN[JUNG @JENCG@GF YJAJUNF[GM YJAJUNF[GM JOJAJF E JOJAJF G Djuagf~ Djuagf~

Yg`nx{gf

Hmnfg

7

Yg`nx{gf

7

Hmnfg

7

YJFNOGNGF ELEL[ GO[JUFG[NB YGXGU YL[JFXNGO YULKZ@ ANF^G@ @JOGYG Ejun`gf mgxno yjuegfknfdgf ygkg {gejo ejun`z{ zf{z` ajfjf{z`gf go{jufg{nb ejukgxgu`gf agxnfd! agxnfd ùn{jung&

7& @UN[JUNG YJOZGFD YGXGU JOJAJF E JOJAJF G Hmnfg Hmnfg

ZXG

@lujg

7

ZXG

7

@lujg

7

5& @UN[JUNG [NFD@G[ YJUXGNFDGF JOJAJF E JOJAJF G Hmnfg Hmnfg ZXG

ZXG

7 7

@lujg































8& @UN[JUNG @JHJFKJUZFDGF YJUANF[GGF JOJAJF E JOJAJF G Hmnfg Hmnfg

ZXG

@lujg

7

ZXG

7

@lujg

7

;& @UN[JUNG @JENCG@GF YJAJUNF[GM YJAJUNF[GM JOJAJF E JOJAJF G Hmnfg Hmnfg ZXG @lujg

ZXG

@lujg

7 7 7































Ogaynugf :& Kg{g Ygxgu Yl{jfxngo Kjxnhhg{jk Hlhlfz{



[l{go Rlozaj Naylu KH kgun Nfklfjxng [gmzf

Djuagf~ -A[.

Yg`nx{gf -A[.

Hmnfg -A[.

599:

8&558

=87

58;

5992

8&294

7&728

7&9>>

5994

8&8:5

7&482

5&92=

599=

8&5=5

24;

5&5=7

599>

5&84;

5&82>

5&777

Xzaeju3 GYHH/ 599>



[l{go Rlozaj Naylu KH [ngy Fjdgug [gmzf

Djuagf~ -A[.

Yg`nx{gf -A[.

Hmnfg -A[.

599:

75&792

:&:;;

!

5992

7:&8;9

2&8:7

:=9

5994

7=&9>>

2&>::

7&928

599=

72&27;

2&:92

7&::2

599>

7:&27=

>&559

5&>:5

Xzaeju3 GYHH/ 599>



Jx{nag{jk Hlfxzay{nlf KH [ngy Fjdgug

[gmzf

Djuagf~ -A[.

Yg`nx{gf -A[.

Hmnfg -A[.

599:

75&792

:&:;;

8=;

5992

7=&9>>

2&>::

7&928

5994

78&;>>

2&8=5

7&29;

599=

77&4>8

2&8=5

7&29;

599>

79&8:9

>&57=

5&>:5

Xzaeju3 GYHH/ 599>































Ogaynugf 2& Kg{g Ygxgu Yl{jfxngo Anf~g` @jogyg



[l{go Rlozaj Naylu Anf~g` @jogyg kgun Nfklfjxng [gmzf

Hmnfg -A[.

ZXG -A[.

@lujg -A[.

599:

778&472

759&;5>

4

5992

77=&79>

;8&>5>

79&79;

5994

79>&:>>

2>&;=4

;>&797

599=

=2&4::

>;&284

:;&8=>

599>

795&:5;

49&:5>

;:&:97

Xzaeju3 GYHH/ 599>



[l{go Rlozaj Naylu Anf~g` @jogyg [ngy Fjdgug [gmzf

Hmnfg -A[.

ZXG -A[.

@lujg -A[.

599:

75:&299

;8>&899

:8&499

5992

722&599

;==&=79

:2&799

5994

75:&899

;:=&499

:=&599

599=

7;2&599

;>>&599

29&799

599>

7;9&94>

;=;&8;7

:4&24=

Xzaeju3 GYHH/ 599>



Jx{nag{jk Hlfxzay{nlf Anf~g` @jogyg [ngy Fjdgug

[gmzf

Hmnfg -A[.

ZXG -A[.

@lujg -A[.

599:

7;9&799

;99&>99

:8&499

5992

729&299

;4:&>99

:2&799

5994

754&899

;:7&899

:=&799

599=

7:7&599

:98&499

29&799

599>

775&999

;;9&999

:;&999

Xzaeju3 GYHH/ 599>

































Ogaynugf 4& @zjxnlfju kgoga Ajabluazogxn`gf A jabluazogxn`gf X{ug{jdn Yjagxgugf

@ZJXNLFJU YJFJF[ZGF ELEL[ KGF YJUNFD@G[ KGOGA BLUAZOGXN X[UG[JDN YJAGXGUGF

NKJF[N[GX AGMGXNXTG Fgag 3 Gdn{g Yzxyg Kjtn Kjtn FUY

3 B8;9499:7

Jagno 3 gdn{gyzxygkjtnI~agno&hla @zjxnlfju nfn g`gf kndzfg`gf zf{z` ajayjulojm nfbluagxn xjegdgn egmgf zf{z` yjfjon{ngf xg~g {jf{gfd ‟X{ug{jdn Yjagxgugf Yulkz` Gdulnfkzx{un @jogyg Ejulunjf{gxn Ygxgu J`xylu‑ & Yjfjon{ngf nfn kndzfg`gf zf{z` yjf~zxzfgf {zdgx g`mnu ejuzyg Xùnyxn kn Kjygu{jajf [j`floldn Nfkzx{un Yju{gfngf/ Bg`zo{gx [j`floldn Yju{gfngf/ Nfx{n{z{ Yju{gfngf Eldlu&

NKJF[N[GX UJXYLFKJF Fgag 3 Cgeg{gf3 Ejuxgaggf kjfdgf {gfkg {gfdgf nfn xg~g xjog`z ujxylfkjf ejuxjkng ajfdnxn @zjxnlfju Yjfjon{ngf nfn kjfdgf xjegn`!egn`f~g gdgu knkgyg{`gf kg{g ~gfd ujyujxjf{g{nrj zf{z` ajfddgaegu`gf `lfknxn ~gfd xjxzfddzmf~g& [gfkg [gfdgf































YJFJF[ZGF ELEL[ [zczgf3 Ajfkgyg{`gf yjfnogngf ygug ujxylfkjf ajfdjfgn bg`{lu!bg`{lu nf{jufgo agzyzf j`x{jufgo kgun yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn ygxgu j`xylu/ ~gn{z kjfdgf hgug yjaejungf elel{ {jumgkgy xjejugyg ejxgu bg`{lu {juxjez{ kgyg{ ajayjfdguzmn `jejumgxnogf x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ejulunjf{gxn ygxgu j`xylu&

Yj{zfcz` Zaza3 7& Yjfdnxngf `zjxnlfju knog`z`gf xjhgug {ju{zonx lojm ujxylfkjf 5& Cgtgegf ajuzyg`gf yjfkgyg{ yunegkn kgun agxnfd!agxnfd ujxylfkjf 8& Yjfdnxngf `zjxnlfju knog`z`gf xjhgug ogfdxzfd lojm ujxylfkjf -{nkg` ajfzfkg. zf{z` ajfdmnfkgun cgtgegf ~gfd {nkg` `lfxnx{jf

Yj{zfcz` @mzxzx3 7& Elel{ ajfdnfkn`gxn`gf {nfd`g{ `jyjf{nfdgf ujog{nb kgun xj{ngy bg`{lu {jumgkgy `jejumgxnogf x{ug{jdn yjagxgugf yulkz` gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg ejulunjf{gxn ygxgu j`xylu& Yjfjf{zgf elel{ ajuzyg`gf ygfkgfdgf agxnfd!agxnfd ujxylfkjf {jumgkgy bg`{lu x{ug{jdnx nf{jufgo kgf j`x{jufgo gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn ygxgu j`xylu& 5& Go{jufg{nb yjaejungf elel{ {jumgkgy bg`{lu!bg`{lu nf{jufgo !j`x{jufgo ~gfd {juxjkng gkgogm3 7 1 Cn`g nfkn`g{lu mlunslf{go `zugfd yjf{nfd kgunygkg nfkn`g{lu rju{n`go 5 1 Cn`g nfkn`g{lu mlunslf{go xgag yjf{nfd kgunygkg nfkn`g{lu rju{n`go 8 1 Cn`g nfkn`g{lu mlunslf{go ojenm yjf{nfd kgunygkg nfkn`g{lu rju{n`go -nfkn`g{lu mlunslf{go gkgogm nfkn`g{lu ~gfd {jukgyg{ ygkg `lola rju{n`go/ kgf xjegon`f~g.

YJFJF[ZGF YJUNFD@G[ - UG[NFD. [zczgf3 Ajfkgyg{`gf yjfnogngf ygug ujxylfkjf ajfdjfgn bg`{lu!bg`{lu x{ug{jdnx nf{jufgo agzyzf j`x{jufgo ~gn{z kjfdgf hgug yjaejungf yjunfd`g{ - ug{nfd. {jumgkgy xjejugyg ejxgu bg`{lu ajayjfdguzmn g{gz































kgf 7 zf{z` bg`{lu `jojagmgf& Yjfjf{zgf yjunfd`g{ xzg{z bg`{lu nf{jufgo knejun`gf yjfnogngf kjfdgf x`gog ejun`z{3 ; 1 @j`zg{gf z{gag 8 1 @j`zg{gf anflu 5 1 @jojagmgf anflu 7 1 @jojagmgf z{gag

e& Yjfjf{zgf Ug{nfd Bg`{lu J`x{jufgo Go{jufg{nb yjaejungf elel{ {jumgkgy bg`{lu!bg`{lu j`x{jufgo ejuzyg yjozgfd kgf gfhgagf ~gfd gkg ygkg gdulnfkzx{un `jogyg kn ygxgu j`xylu gkgogm3 ; 1 Ujxylf xzyjunlu 8 1 Ujxylf kn g{gx ug{g!ug{g 5 1 Ujxylf ug{g!ug{g 7 1 Ujxylf `zugfd -ezuz`.



YJFJF[ZGF ELEL[ KGF YJUNFD@G[ KJXNHHG[JK HLHLFZ[ HLHLFZ[



Yjfnogngf Elel{ kgf Yjunfd`g{ Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx X{ ug{jdnx Nf{jufgo

7& @j`zg{gf G 1 @j{juxjknggf Egmgf Eg`z Ajonaygm E 1 Yulalxn Yjfczgogf Hz`zy Egn` H 1 Kgyg{ Ajfdmgxno`gf Yulkz` Xgaynfdgf

5& @jojagmgf K 1 @zgon{gx Yulkz` Agxnm Ujfkgm J 1 Nfbugx{z`{zu @zugfd Ajagkgn B 1 Xnfùlfnxgxn @jencg`gf Yjajunf{gm Agxnm @zugfd D 1 @lf{nfzn{gx Egmgf Eg`z Agxnm [nkg` X{geno M 1 Gyon`gxn KH [nkg` Egf~g` Eju`jaegfd

G G

E

H

K

J

B

D

M

[l{go

Elel{

Yjunfd`g{

































Yjfnogngf Elel{ kgf Yjunfd`g{ Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx J`x{jufgo

7& Yjozgfd G 1 Yjuanf{ggf Ygxgu J`xylu Hz`zy Ejxgu kgf Hjfkjuzfd Fgn` E 1 Yjukgdgfdgf Dolego Xjag`nf [juez`g Ozgx H 1 Yjfnfd`g{gf Czaogm Yjfkzkz` Kzfng K 1 Yjfdjaegfdgf Nfkzx{un Mnonu

5& Gfhgagf J 1 @zgon{gx Yulxjx KH Fjdgug Yjxgnfd Ojenm Egdzx B 1 J`xylu Egmgf Eg`z -@jogyg Z{zm. D 1 [j`floldn Yulxjx Fjdgug Yjxgnfd Ojenm Hgfddnm M 1 Agfgcjajf Nfkzx{un Fjdgug Yjxgnfd Ojenm Egn` N 1 Naylu kgun Fjdgug Xnfdgyluj Ojenm Azkgm

G

E

H

K

J

B

D

M

N

G E H K J B D M N [l{go 

YJFJF[ZGF ELEL[ KGF YJUNFD@G[ ANF^G@ @JOGYG



Yjfnogngf Elel{ kgf Yjunfd`g{ Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx Nf{jufgo

7& @j`zg{gf G 1 @j{juxjknggf Egmgf Eg`z Ajonaygm

[l{go

Elel{

Yjunfd`g{































G

E

H

K

J

B

D

M

[l{go

Elel{

Yjunfd`g{

G E H K J B D M [l{go



Yjfnogngf Elel{ kgf Yjunfd`g{ Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx J`x{jufgo

7& Yjozgfd G 1 Yjuanf{ggf Ygxgu J`xylu Xgfdg{ [nfddn E 1 Yjukgdgfdgf Dolego Xjag`nf [juez`g Ozgx H 1 Yjfnfd`g{gf Czaogm Yjfkzkz` Kzfng K 1 Yjfdjaegfdgf Nfkzx{un Mnonu

5& Gfhgagf J 1 J`xylu Egmgf Eg`z -@jogyg Z{zm. B 1 Fjdgug Yjxgnfd Ajayulkz`xn kjfdgf Czaogm Ojenm Egf~g` D 1 Agfgcjajf Nfkzx{un Fjdgug Yjxgnfd Ojenm Egn` M 1 Naylu kgun Fjdgug Xnfdgyluj Ojenm Azkgm N 1 [juxgnfdn Yulkz` Anf~g` Fgeg{n Ognf

G G E H K

E

H

K

J

B

D

M

N

[l{go

Elel{

Yjunfd`g{



































YJFJF[ZGF ELEL[ KGF YJUNFD@G[ RNUDNF HLHLFZ[ LNO



Yjfnogngf Elel{ kgf Yjunfd`g{ Bg`{lu X{ug{jdnx Nf{jufgo

7& @j`zg{gf G 1 @j{juxjknggf Egmgf Eg`z Ajonaygm E 1 Yulalxn Yjfczgogf Hz`zy Egn` H 1 Ajanon`n Egf~g` Agfbgg{ K 1 Yulkz` Azo{nbzfdxn

5& @jojagmgf J 1 @zgon{gx Yulkz` RHL Nfklfjxng N fklfjxng Agxnm Ujfkgm B 1 Nfbugx{z`{zu @zugfd Ajagkgn D 1 Xnfùlfnxgxn @jencg`gf Yjajunf{gm Agxnm @zugfd M 1 @lf{nfzn{gx Egmgf Eg`z Agxnm [nkg` X{geno N 1 Gyon`gxn Xjegdngf Ejxgu Mgf~g Xjegdgn Nfdujknjf{x -Egmgf Yjflolfd.

G G E H K J B D M

E

H

K

J

B

D

M

N

[l{go

Elel{

Yjunfd`g{































G

E

H

K

J

G E H K J B D M N C [l{go

B

D

M

N

C

[l{go

Elel{

Yjunfd`g{

STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK AGROINDUSTRI KELAPA BERORIENTASI EKSPOR

Recommend Documents