Student Workbook.pdf

Autodesk BIM Curriculum 2011 Student Workbook Unit 4: Multidisciplinary Coordination

Contents Unit Overview .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .....3 Key

Concepts.................................................................................................................3

Lesson Roadmap ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .........7 Software Tools and Requirements.................................................................................7 Suggested

Resources....................................................................................................7

Lesson 1: Preparing to Share Models..............................................................................9 Lesson

Overview............................................................................................................9

Learning Objectives .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ...10 Suggested Suggested Exercises Exercises .................... .............................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................10 ......10 Assessment...... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..........12 Key

Terms....................................................................................................................13

Lesson 2: Modeling Structural Elements ............. .............. .............. .............. ............... 14 Lesson

Overview..........................................................................................................14


Terms....................................................................................................................22

Lesson 3: Modeling Electrical Systems.........................................................................23 Lesson

Overview..........................................................................................................23


Terms....................................................................................................................31

Lesson 4: Modeling Plumbing Systems ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ...32 Learning Objectives .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ...33 Suggested Suggested Exercises Exercises .................... .............................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................34 ......34 Assessment...... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..........39

AUTODESK CURRICULUM Key

Terms....................................................................................................................40

Lesson 5: Modeling Mechanical Systems ............ .............. .............. .............. ............... 41 Lesson

Overview..........................................................................................................41


Terms....................................................................................................................48

Lesson 6: Coordination and Interference Checking.....................................................49 Lesson

Overview..........................................................................................................49


Terms....................................................................................................................54

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM Key

Terms....................................................................................................................40

Lesson 5: Modeling Mechanical Systems ............ .............. .............. .............. ............... 41 Lesson

Overview..........................................................................................................41


Terms....................................................................................................................48

Lesson 6: Coordination and Interference Checking.....................................................49 Lesson

Overview..........................................................................................................49


Terms....................................................................................................................54

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Unit Overview Key Concepts For many decades, the AEC community has relied on a paper-based workflow with designers working in “silos” that focused on a single project discipline or function and sequentially passing the outputs of their design decisions on to the next discipline. This isolated, sequential process created many barriers to effective collaboration and has often led to misunderstandings and mistakes requiring costly rework in the field. In recent years, designers in the AEC community have embraced a new methodology using BIM software tools and building information models as the basis for a collaborative design process to meet the challenges of today’s increasingly complex and demanding project requirements. Using this BIM methodology, design teams can deliver projects on time, at a higher quality, and with greater efficiency. While the local benefits of adopting a BIM-based design approach to improve the workflow and outputs of each design discipline—architectural, structural, and MEP—are typically far greater than the costs of deploying BIM and sufficient to justify making the change, the larger impacts of enabling seamless multidisciplinary collaboration by the entire design team are far greater. While the transition from manual drawing to CAD-based approaches improved the efficiency of the process, the transition to a BIM-centric design approach fundamentally changes the process and the AEC workflow by revolutionizing the way project information is shared, coordinated, and reviewed. BIM is proving to be a breakthrough technology that affects project workflows, multidisciplinary team roles, delivery methods, and project deliverables. Advantages of a BIM-Centric Design Approach A fundamental advantage of using a BIM-based methodology for sharing project information and collaborating is that it enables design team members to participate and provide their inputs much earlier in the design process, rather than waiting in line for their turn after earlier design decision are locked. This early participation and input enables all design team members to assess the impacts of their design decisions and processes downstream. When the entire team can coordinate their work and share design inputs, they can easily assess the impacts of design alternatives and hone in on the best options earlier, and in parallel. This collaborative approach enables designers to respect the requirements of the other design disciplines and avoid costly and time-consuming conflicts and design rework. Multidisciplinary Design Teams As the design and construction of successful buildings becomes increasingly complex, designers and experts from many disciplines must be brought together to share their expertise and collaborate on the design of the key building features. Typically, all of the disciplines and expertise required cannot be found in a single design firm. Rather, a project design team typically involves designers and experts from a number of different firms that all specialize in their own aspect of the project design.

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM A typical project team may bring together architects, civil engineers, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, planners, surveyors, and a host of technical specialists—each with their own perspectives and goals on what features will create the best design. These designers may also be joined by constructors and fabricators who will build the project, as well as the facilities personnel who will eventually operate the completed building. Coordinating the inputs from all these divergent viewpoints into a collaborative process can be a monumental task. To achieve their design goals, design teams must produce and manage vast amounts of information about the project—for example, existing and as-built conditions, project goals, design options considered, results of design analyses performed, construction planning and fabrication strategies. A seemingly boundless range of details must be coordinated, reviewed, and agreed upon by the entire team. Each team member must develop the information needed and design the features required for their own portion of the design work, and this information must be shared with other members of the design team who are impacted by and depend upon these design decisions. A BIM-centric design approach enables multidisciplinary design teams to create, share, and coordinate vast amounts of project information, maintaining the integrity of the design team’s information and decision-making as the project evolves. Traditional paper-based approaches are just too time-consuming, error-prone, and limited to effectively meet the needs of the today’s multidisciplinary design teams. Developing a Model Coordination Plan Before members of the design team dive into creating models for their individual pieces of the project, it is essential that key members of the team meet to create standards and document the procedures that will be used to share models. This step is often formalized in a Model Coordination Plan or a BIM protocol document that specifies: The overall strategy for dividing the design work into into packages that will be completed by different members of the multidisciplinary design team.

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Who is responsible for the development and analysis of each work package package at each stage of the design process.

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The acceptable level of detail for each work package at each stage.

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The information exchange mechanisms (network server, FTP site, or other file transfer means) and standards (file formats).

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Who has management or editing privileges for each work package.

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BIM-Centric Design Workflow The precise workflow used by each multidisciplinary design team will vary based on the specific needs, requirements, and relationships between the team members. The following steps outline one suggested approach: Step 1: Create a Base Design Model A common first step in the project design process is for the lead architect to generate a preliminary design in response to the owner’s requirements and other design objectives and constraints. ®

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Autodesk Revit Architecture software can help architects to explore and assess to meet their design objectives—for example, maximizing usable space, responding to site features and constraints, maximizing building performance, and creating desired design

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM and aesthetic effects—to name just a few possibilities. Whatever the design priorities, BIM helps architects to explore design alternatives and document their design intent. Step 2: Utilize the Base Design Model Once a preliminary design has been created, the BIM model can be shared with other members of a multidisciplinary design team to be used as a starting point for their design tasks. The BIM model of the preliminary design encodes the design intent of the architect and enables other team members to participate and collaborate much earlier than traditional silo-based, sequential workflows. Each discipline can link the architect’s preliminary design model into their own model (which acts as a host for the linked model) and use the linked model as the basis for their own design work. ®

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Autodesk Revit software products provide collaboration tools that help the multidisciplinary designers to selectively copy and monitor elements from the architectural model that will inform or affect their own design as well as elements that created interdependencies between the designs. This capability helps designers to quickly create coordinated models of the project to support their own workflow. To simplify the workflow and avoid degrading the performance of their host model, designers should only copy the elements needed to coordinate work with other team members. Having created linked models, each member of the design team can then complete their individual design tasks in parallel, confident that their design work will remain coordinated with the work of other members of the team: •

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Structural engineers can design and model the structural members and framework required to support the proposed design and recommend changes that will improve the structural performance. They can also use their structural models as the basis for structural analyses and detailed structural design. The results of their analysis and design can be linked and incorporated into the overall project model to ensure coordination with other members of the design team. Electrical and lighting engineers can design and model the power, lighting, and switching systems needed to support the requirements of the proposed design. They can use their electrical models to perform detailed analysis and design of the buildings electrical systems and recommend changes that would improve the building performance. As with other disciplines, the results of their electrical system analysis and design can be linked into the overall model and coordinated with other design team members. Plumbing engineers can design and model the water supply, sanitary, and and fire protection systems needed to support the proposed design. Using the space layouts, fixtures specified, and wet walls initially proposed by the architect, the plumbing engineers can model the pipe routing and perform analysis on water flow and pressure to design the components of the plumbing system in detail. When their proposed design is linked into the overall model, their work will be coordinated with the work of others. Mechanical and HVAC engineers can also use the linked preliminary design to understand the building’s cooling and heating zones as well as the spaces available for mechanical equipment and chases and plenums to route ductwork. They can position their HVAC components in the context of the architectural, structural, and other building elements that may create interferences, thus maintaining the integrity of the integrated project design.

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Step 3: Review and Coordinate Designs As each discipline completes an iteration of their design work, their models c an be linked to an integrated project model that incorporates the models produced by all disciplines. This essential step facilitates review, coordination, and interference checking between all of the design work that has been carried on in parallel. Every discipline’s individual design decisions can have impacts on many other disciplines, especially where elements from many disciplines must be coordinated to share small spaces—for example, in a ceiling space where structural elements, mechanical ductwork, and piping systems all compete for limited space. This is where design review and coordination among all participating disciplines becomes vital. In traditional paper-based workflows, coordinating drawings created by many disciplines could be a time-consuming and tedious task fraught with human errors, because conflict and issue identification relied on human interpretation of 2D drawings. In a BIM-centric design process, computers can automatically and reliably check vast number of potential conflicts almost instantaneously. Revit products enable cross-linking of models created in Revit Architecture, Autodesk ®

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Revit Structure software, and Autodesk Revit MEP software. The models that should be cross-linked depend upon the team’s workflow. Typical examples might include: •

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Architectural/Structural: The structural engineer uses Copy/Monitor mode to monitor changes made to the base architectural model. The architect can then use Interference Check to verify that architectural elements are not conflicting with structural components. Architectural/Mechanical: The MEP engineer monitors the architect’s changes to rooms and levels, which bound the heating and cooling zones. The architect can link the MEP model to show mechanical system elements in the context of the architectural elements. Structural/Mechanical: In this case, both designers benefit from interference detection to avoid potential collisions and conflicts between structural and MEP system elements.

Using this model cross-linking feature, design teams can review, monitor, and coordinate the changes made by all members of the design team. This approach enables model coordination review and interference checking to occur earlier and more quickly, which allows these essential steps to be completed regularly as part of an iterative design process. Step 4: Iterate and Improve Designs Steps 2 and 3 should be completed often and repeated regularly as part of an iterative design process. As a design matures and continues to adapt and respond to the requirements and opportunities realized by all the project disciplines, the entire project team can be updated with the latest version of the integrated project model. Using these updates, they can continue to advance and refine their individual designs in their own models, always in coordination with the integrated model. This efficient process enables the entire design team to participate in assessing proposed design options and contribute their insights to help the project team find optimal design choices based on broader multidisciplinary considerations.

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Lesson Roadmap In this unit, you will learn how BIM tools can be used to support a multidisciplinary design process. They will learn how to: •

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Create a dimensional framework that helps coordinate design work of team members using a series of linked models. Place placeholder elements in a preliminary design model to encode the architect’s design intent. Link Revit models and copy shared levels, grids, and reference planes, as well as elements that are relevant to the design work of specific disciplines. Model the elements typically placed by structural, electrical, plumbing, and mechanical system designers. Link and integrate model created by many disciplines and using coordination review and interference checking to look for conflicts.

Software Tools and Requirements To complete the exercises in this unit, you should download the following software from the Autodesk Education Community website and install it on you computer: •

Autodesk Revit Architecture

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Autodesk Revit Structure

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Autodesk Revit MEP

This unit presents a high-level view of the functionality in these tools to illustrate the benefits of using a BIM-centric approach to multidisciplinary design. The features presented are a small subset of the full range available in Revit software, specifically focusing on model linking and basic design tasks. For more detailed coverage and examples of how to use Revit products for structural and MEP design tasks, you can refer to: •

Curriculum materials available on the Autodesk Education Community website.

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Revit software product’s extensive help system.

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Videos and tutorials available in the Revit help menu.

Suggested Resources BIM Methodology BIM Deployment Plan usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?id=14652957&siteID=123112 Integrated Project Design AIA Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide (2007) info.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/IPD_Guide_2007.pdf Case Studies/White Papers Factor Ten Engineering Introduction Link to White Paper

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM Factor Ten Engineering Design Principles Link to White Paper Autodesk AEC Headquarters and Integrated Project Design, F actor Ten Engineering Case Study, August 2010 Link to White Paper Banana Farm 1.0, Factor Ten Engineering Case Study, August 2010 Link to White Paper 10 Exchange Square, London: Information Technology for Collaboration, 2005 www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/pollalis/cases/BL-CaseStudy-mar-2005.pdf Architecture Programs Implement Interdisciplinary Collaboration Studios to Capitalize on the Emergence of Integrated Project Delivery Link to White Paper BIM Curriculum Materials and Support Autodesk BIM for Architecture, E ngineering, and Construction Management 2011 Curriculum students.autodesk.com/ama/orig/bim2010/start.htm BIM Curriculum Support and Discussion http://www.bimtopia.com/bimcurriculum.html

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Autodesk BIM Curriculum 2011 Student Workbook Unit 4: Multidisciplinary Collaboration Lesson 1: Preparing to Share Models

Lesson 1: Preparing to Share Models Lesson Overview In this lesson, you learn how to set up the elements of a project that enable teams to effectively share a building model. They: •

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Create a dimensional framework for the model via levels, grids, and reference planes and use these elements to precisely place building elements. Create views that expose and highlight the elements used by different members and disciplines on the design team.

Creating the Architectural Building Model To prepare a model for sharing with a multidisciplinary team, it is essential to create a dimensional framework of levels, grids, and reference planes that all members of the team can use to place elements and keep their work coordinated. Designers typically place elements in their models to act as placeholders for items that will be designed and specified by other members of the team. This approach enables them to consider the locations in their design decisions and indicate their design intent to other members of the team. The design team must work out the overall strategy for how the model will be shared—as a single project file (which can be shared on a local network) or as a series of linked models (which can be remotely edited by different team members, then reviewed and checked for changes and conflicts). In order to avoid duplication of effort and conflicts, each team member must have a clear understanding of what types of elements are to be placed in each linked model and who will control the changes to that model.

Figure 4.1.1. Adding placeholder columns to the architectural model at grid intersections

Creating Views to Highlight the Structural Elements Design teams can create many views of the building model to show specific features and highlight the elements used by each design discipline to assist with their design tasks. It is often useful to create special views that isolate specific types of elements or hide other elements that obscure the ones involved in a design task, for example: •

2D and 3D section views

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Views that hide selected elements or categories of elements

AUTODESK CURRICULUM •

With visibility graphics overrides set to hide or highlight selected categories of elements

It may be necessary to adjust a view’s settings to be able to see the structural elements in that view. If elements cannot be seen, you should check: •

Visibility graphics overrides—has that category been hidden?

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View properties—is the element outside the current view range settings?

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Level of detail—is the level of detail fine enough? (Some categories of elements display as single line representations in coarse views.)

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Hidden elements—has the element been temporarily hidden?

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Section boxes—is the element outside of the range of the section box?

To ensure consistency between views, design teams can create view templates to quickly apply similar view settings to many views.

Learning Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to: •

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Understand the importance of creating a dimensional framework to facilitate model sharing. Appreciate and apply the concept of using grids and reference planes to align and place building elements. Explore creating special views to highlight key elements for different disciplines within the design team.

Suggested Exercises Exercise 4.1.1: Creating the Architectural Building Model In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

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Create appropriate levels for the project geometry. Add horizontal grids, vertical grids, and reference planes to assist with placing and aligning elements. Place structural columns and other placeholder structural elements in the building model.

Video Tutorial Unit4_Lesson1_Tutorial1.mp4

Figure 4.1.2. Structural columns placed in the architectural model at the ground floor and lower levels 10

AUTODESK CURRICULUM Student Exercise Unit4_Lesson1_Exercise1_Start.rvt •

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Place grids in the east-west direction (perpendicular to the ones placed in the tutorial. Place reference planes on both sides of the first and last east-west grids to assist with aligning model elements. Add structural columns at the grid intersections on level 1.

Figure 4.1.3. Grids and reference planes on level 1

Exercise 4.1.2: Creating Views to Highlight the Structural Elements In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Create 2D building sections.

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Use the section box to create 3D building sections.

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Adjust the visibility/graphic overrides to display the building skeleton.


Figure 4.1.4. Using the section box to expose the building systems in a 3D view 11

AUTODESK CURRICULUM Student Exercise Unit4_Lesson1_Exercise2_Start.rvt •

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Create additional 2D section views to show the structural features in the eastwest direction. Create a 3D section view showing the structural features in this direction.

Figure 4.1.5. 3D section view cutting the model between grids 4 and 5

Assessment Creating the Architectural Model •

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the Array tool to place grids versus copying them individually? How do you place nonrectangular grids (for example, radial grids or triangular grids)? What are the advantages and disadvantages of creating more than one level per floor (for example, Level 1—Floor and Level 1—Ceiling)? If columns are placed at grid intersections, will the columns move if a grid location is changed?

Creating Views to Highlight the Structural Elements •

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What techniques can you use to filter the information displayed in a section view? Can you cut a section view using a cutting plane that is not vertical? What are the advantages and disadvantages of creating duplicate views with different visibility settings?

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Key Terms The following terms are used in this lesson: Key Term

Definition

Grids

Vertical reference planes that help divide the plan view of a model.

Levels

User-defined horizontal reference planes, defined by their level, that help divide the elevation views of a model. They typically match the floor elevations of buildings.

Section Views

Elevation views that show some cross section of a building design.

Graphic Overrides

Customs graphic settings for color, line, transparency, and other attributes that will take precedence over the default settings.

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Autodesk BIM Curriculum 2011 Student Workbook Unit 4: Multidisciplinary Collaboration Lesson 2: Modeling Structural Elements

Lesson 2: Modeling Structural Elements Lesson Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to add the elements to the building model that provide the structural framework for the building. You will start by adding a dimensional framework of levels and grids to the architectural model, and then add placeholders for structural elements that impact the architectural design (such as columns). They will then copy essential elements from the architectural ®

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model to a Autodesk Revit Structure model and place the key structural framing elements such as foundations, floors, shear walls, columns, beams, and joists. The endpoint of the lesson will be a structural model that can be used for structural analysis and shared with the other members of the design team. Linking an Architectural Model and Copying Shared Elements Link the preliminary architectural model to your Revit Structure host project and use the Copy/Monitor tool to copy shared elements: •

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Dimensional framework—levels and grids Placeholder elements—walls, floors, and columns placed in the architectural model


Modeling Concrete Columns, Beams, and Floor Slabs Model the concrete columns, beams, and floors slabs on the first floor and lower level of the project using the Structural Column, Beam, and Floor tools in Revit Structure. These elements will provide the basis for detailed structural design and structural analysis to confirm the sizes of all members.

AUTODESK CURRICULUM You can place structural elements in any view, so select a view that makes your work task easier: •

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Use plan views for elements that are placed below or through the cut plane (for example, columns). Use reflected ceiling plan views for elements that are placed above the cut plan (for example, beams). Use 2D or 3D section views for elements that are difficult to select in plan views (for example, floors). Use 3D views with the Snap in Place option for elements whose ends snap to other objects (for example, beams).

In addition, be sure that the view’s level of detail, view range, and visibility graphics overrides are set in a way that makes the structural elements visible. Modeling Wood Columns, Beams, and Beam Systems Model the wood columns, beams, and beam systems on the upper levels of the project using similar techniques, but with a few variations: •

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Use the Align tool to line up the outside faces of the wood columns in the exterior walls with the edge of the floor slab (and the outside face of the concrete columns) below. Use the Beam System tool to create a regularly spaced system of joist elements to span between the wood beams and support the upper floors and roof.

Since levels 2 through 4 are very similar, you can use shortcuts to simplify your work. After placing the wood structural elements on one level, copy t hem to the clipboard and use the Paste Align tool to copy them to similar locations on other levels. Modeling Structural Walls and Foundations Add structural walls (for example, shear walls that resist lateral f orces) to the structural model using the Wall tool. For this design, you will place: •

Concrete shear walls at the lower level and level 1 to work with the concrete framing at those levels

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Plywood shear walls at levels 2 through 4 above

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Retaining walls at the edges of the lower level

You can also add foundation elements to transfer the loads from the structural framing to the ground: •

Foundation slabs to transfer distributed loads

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Wall foundations to transfer continuous wall loads

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Isolated foundations to transfer concentrated column loads

Be sure to set the Placement Plane option to accurately place your foundation elements at the proper level. In addition, make certain that the view’s level of detail, view range, and visibility graphics overrides are set in way that makes the new elements visible.

Learning Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

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Understand the importance of copying the dimensional framework to facilitate structural systems modeling. Understand and apply the concepts and techniques of modeling structural framing of differing material types—concrete and wood. Appreciate the advantages and tradeoffs of modeling elements in 2D or 3D views.

Suggested Exercises Exercise 4.2.1: Linking an Architectural Model and Copying Shared Elements In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Link an architectural model to a Revit Structure host project.

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Set the options for copying shared elements.

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Select and filter the objects to be copied.

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Create working views of the structural model that facilitates modeling.


Student Exercise

Figure 4.2.1. Copying shared elements from a linked model

Unit4_Lesson2_Exercise1_Start.rvt •

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Open the model for this exercise in Revit Structure software and link to the architectural model of the building. Copy the north-south grids from the linked model into the Revit Structure host project. Create additional views and adjust their properties to assist with the placement of structural elements in the model. Also create a new 3D view and name it 3D Structural Frame.

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Figure 4.2.2. 3D Structural Frame view

Exercise 4.2.2: Modeling Concrete Columns, Beams, and Floor Slabs In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

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Adjust the grids and column locations to better serve the interior layout and structural integrity of building. Specify and placing concrete columns and beams in plan views and with 3D snapping. Specify the structure and materials for concrete floor slabs.


Figure 4.2.3. Moving columns by adjusting the grid locations

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Student Exercise Unit4_Lesson2_Exercise2_Start.rvt •

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Place 10" (0.25 m) square concrete structural columns at interior grid intersections on level 1 and the lower level. Create a new concrete structural framing type for 12" x 24" (0.30 m x 0.61 m) concrete beams and place these beams at the top of the structural columns on level 1 to support the level 2 floor slab. Unhide the floor slab at level 2 and change its type to be a 6" (0.15 m) concrete slab.

Figure 4.2.4. Concrete beams placed at the top of level 1 columns

Exercise 4.2.3: Modeling Wood Columns, Beams, and Floors In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

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Choose, place, and align wood columns relative to other model elements. Specify the wood beam types and place them in plan views and with 3D snapping. Create beam systems of regularly spaced beams and joists. Specify the structure and materials for wood structural floors and place identical instances at many levels at once.

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Student Exercise

Figure 4.2.5. Copying wood structural elements to a similar position on another level

Unit4_Lesson2_Exercise3_Start.rvt •

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Place 6 x 6 (0.15 m x 0.15 m) wood columns at the grid intersections on the right side of level 2 (along grids C and D) and align edge columns to the outer boundary of the floor slab. Place 5 x 22 (0.13 m x 0.57 m) Glulam beams of southern pine along grids C and D to support the floor level above. Use an offset -0.75" ( -19 mm) to place these beams below the plywood subfloor at Level 2. Create a beam system of 16" (0.40 m) TJL wood open web joists to span between the beams at grids C and D. Use an offset of -0.75" ( -19 mm) to also place these joists below the plywood subfloor. The joists should be center justified and spaced at a fixed distance of 2’ ( 0.61 m). Create a similar beam system using 14" (0.36 m) TJL wood open web joists to span between the beams at grids B and C. Copy the wood structural elements that you created in this exercise to similar locations on levels 3 and 4. Select the floor at level 4 and change it to the plywood floor type.

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Figure 4.2.6. Sketching the boundary for a beam system of open web joists

Exercise 4.2.4: Modeling Structural Walls and Foundations In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Create interior shear walls at the building core.

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Place retaining walls below grade.

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Add foundation elements—foundation slabs, wall foundations, and isolated foundations at columns—where necessary.


Figure 4.2.7. Isolated and wall foundations merging with the foundation slab


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Create plywood interior shear walls directly above the locations of the concrete shear walls placed on the lower level and level 1. Change the exterior walls on the lower level to 12" (0.30 m) concrete retaining walls.

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Add 36" x 12" (0.91 m x 0.30 m) bearing tooting wall foundation elements to support these retaining walls. Add 72" x 48" x 18" (1.82 m x 1.22 m x 0.46 m) isolated rectangular footing foundation elements to support the interior columns and the columns at grid D.

Figure 4.2.8. Interior shear walls and all foundation elements placed in the structural model

Assessment Linking an Architectural Model and Copying Shared Elements •

What are the advantages and disadvantages of linking to a Revit model versus sharing a single project file?

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How does linking to models affect the performance of a host model?

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Is the information displayed in a linked model refreshed automatically?

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Why does the Copy/Monitor tool limit the types of elements that can be copied and monitored? What do these elements have in common? What are the advantages and disadvantages of copying shared building elements as generic types versus copying the original types?

Modeling Concrete Columns, Beams, and Floor Slabs •

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Can you rotate columns as you place them? What are the advantages and disadvantages of placing a column by specifying its depth versus specifying its height?

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of placing columns in 3D views?

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Which 2D view is best for placing beams at the top of the level 1 columns?

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM Modeling Wood Columns, Beams, and Floors •

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What is the difference between the nominal dimensions for wooden elements and the actual dimensions? Is it the same for all sizes? Why is it better to align the outside faces of the wood columns to the edge of the floor versus leaving them centered on the grid intersections? Why are beams placed in one direction and a beam system of smaller joist elements placed in the other direction? Why is the elevation of the beam start and end offsets and the beam systems lowered to match the thickness of the structural floor?

Modeling Structural Walls and Foundations •

What are the key differences between structural walls and basic wall types?

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What determines whether a wall requires a wall foundation?

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Are isolated foundations needed to support columns that are embedded in retaining walls? Why are isolated foundations needed under the interior columns? Would the slab foundation not provide enough support?


Definition

Shear Wall

A rigid vertical diaphragm that transfer lateral forces (caused by wind, earthquakes, or settlement) to the foundation elements in a direction parallel to their planes. Examples include reinforced concrete walls, plywood shear panels, and vertical trusses.

Joist

Light horizontal framing members that support a floor or ceiling. They typically span between walls or between larger beams or girders.

Beam System

A collection of beam elements that are typically placed in a regularly spaced pattern.

Floor Slab

A structural slab, often made of concrete, used as a floor on grade or below grade.

Isolated Foundation

A foundation element used to transfer structural point loads to the ground. Isolated foundations are typically placed beneath column elements.

Wall Foundation

A foundation element used to transfer structural wall loads to the ground. Wall foundations are typically placed beneath foundation wall and retaining wall elements.

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Autodesk BIM Curriculum 2011 Student Workbook Unit 4: Multidisciplinary Collaboration Lesson 3: Modeling Electrical Systems

Lesson 3: Modeling Electrical Systems Lesson Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to model lighting and electrical elements in a project— lighting fixtures, electrical distribution panels, and switches—and connect them together by creating circuits, power systems, and switch systems. You will start by placing lighting fixtures in an architectural model, and then copy those ®

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elements into an Autodesk Revit MEP model. They will model the different lighting and power systems used to connect these lighting fixtures as well as create power systems and switch systems. The endpoint of the lesson will be an electrical model that can be used for analysis and shared with the other members of the design team and disciplines affected by the electrical design decisions. Placing Lighting Fixtures in the Architectural Model Designers often create lighting designs indicating the types of lighting fixtures and their layout as part of their preliminary design work. Similarly, you can place lighting fixtures in an architectural model to act as placeholders for items that will be specified in detail later by electrical designers on the project team. This two-stage approach enables you to consider the location of lighting fixtures in your early design decisions and indicate your design intent to other members of team.

Figure 4.3.0. Lighting fixtures in the linked architectural model are copied to MEP file As you choose lighting fixture components to load into your project and use f or your design, make sure that they are MEP-friendly (include electrical connectors, lighting values, and electrical load data in their definition). All of the lighting fixtures included in the ®

®

libraries installed by the 2011 versions of Autodesk Revit software products are MEPfriendly, but older components may not be. To be certain, edit the component and look for the special electrical connector parts in its definition.

AUTODESK CURRICULUM Copying Shared Elements into an Electrical Model Link the architectural model to a Revit MEP host model and use the Copy/Monitor tool to copy the placeholder lighting fixtures to use as the starting point for our electrical design tasks. Modeling Electrical Panels, Circuits, and Switches Add electrical elements to the host project to model the key features and assign these elements to electrical power and switch systems. Place components to model the essential features of electrical circuits. The components available in Revit MEP include: •

Electrical equipment o

•

•

Transformers

o

Distribution panels

o

Switch gears

Devices o

Electrical fixtures—receptacles and junction boxes

o

Communication—intercom system components

o

Data—Ethernet and other network connections

o

Fire alarm—smoke detectors, manual pull stations, and annunciators

o

Lighting—lighting switches, daylight sensors, occupancy sensors

o

Nurse call devices—call stations, code blue stations, and door lights

o

Security—door locks, motion sensors, and surveillance cameras

o

Telephone—telephone jacks

Lighting fixtures—ceiling, wall, and recessed lights

After placing electrical devices, you can: •

Create power systems and switch systems.

•

Model circuits and wiring to link the devices together.

•

Assign circuits to panels.

•

Tabulate the loads on individual circuits.

•

View the devices assigned to each system in the System Browser.

Modeling Electrical Receptacle Circuits Add components to the Revit MEP project to model the placement of electrical receptacles or outlets. Many receptacle types are available to meet different architectural needs, including: •

Number of outlets available—simplex (single outlet), duplex (two outlets), quadruplex (four outlets)

•

Placement location—wall, floor, countertop, weatherproof

•

Voltage—110V, 220V

24


Special applications—switched, isolated ground, ground fault circuit interrupt (GFCI)

After placing receptacles, you can: •

Create circuits and wiring to link the receptacles together.

•

Assign circuits to panels.

•

Tabulate the loads and view the devices assigned to each system in the System Browser.


•

Understand how to place basic lighting fixtures in a building model using regular layouts. Appreciate the process of copying model framework and lighting fixtures into a MEP file.

•

Understand how to create circuits and wiring to panelboard elements.

•

Model other common electrical equipment, such as switches and receptacles.

•

Explore the overall electrical systems that could be the basis for later system analysis.

Suggested Exercises Exercise 4.3.1: Placing Lighting Fixtures in the Architectural Model In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Choose and place lighting fixture components.

•

Array lighting fixtures to create regularly spaced patterns.


Figure 4.3.1. Creating an array of lighting fixtures


®

®

Open the model for this exercise in Autodesk Revit Architecture software.

25


•

Place a regularly spaced array of eighteen 2' x 2' (0.61 m x 0.61 m) troffer lighting fixtures centered on the ceiling of the corridor on level 2 of the building. Copy these corridor lighting fixtures and paste aligned to similar locations on levels 3 and 4.

Figure 4.3.2. Troffer fixtures in the corridor arrayed in a regular-spaced pattern

Exercise 4.3.2: Copying Shared Elements into an Electrical Model In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Copy shared levels and grids into a Revit MEP host project.

•

Copy lighting fixtures from the architectural model into Revit MEP.

•

Create working views for lighting and electrical design.

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM


Figure 4.3.3. Copying lighting fixtures individually Student Exercise Unit4_Lesson3_Exercise2_Start.rvt •

•

Open the model for this exercise in Revit MEP software. Copy the lighting fixtures from the architectural model into the Revit MEP electrical model using the Batch Copy option to copy all of the fixtures found.

Figure 4.3.4. Using batch copy to copy of the fixtures found in the linked model

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Exercise 4.3.3: Placing Lighting Fixtures in the Architectural Model In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Add electrical panels and specifying distribution systems.

•

Create circuits to connect lighting fixtures to panels.

•

Connect lighting fixtures to switches.

•

View electrical systems in the System Browser.


Figure 4.3.5. Creating a switch system for many lighting fixtures


•

•

•

Open the model for this exercise in Revit MEP software. Place a 208 volt MLO panelboard for the lighting fixtures on level 1 and designate its distribution system. Create a power system circuit for the pendant lights in the retail space at the north end of level 1. Add a single pole switch system for the troffer lights in the level 2 corridor.

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Figure 4.3.6. Creating a power circuit between a series of lighting fixtures and an electrical panel

Exercise 4.3.4: Placing Lighting Fixtures in the Architectural Model In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Load electrical receptacle components.

•

Place electrical receptacles on wall faces.

•

Create circuits to connect the receptacles to panels.


Figure 4.3.7. Creating a power system linking many receptacles

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•

Place electrical duplex receptacles in the conference room on level 3 of the building. Create a power system for these receptacles and choose the arc wire option for the wires.

Figure 4.3.8. Power circuit linking receptacles to an electrical panel

Assessment Placing Lighting Fixtures in the Architectural Model •

•

•

How do recessed lighting fixtures affect the space available for other systems in the ceiling (for example, ducts and sprinklers)? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using surface-mounted lighting fixtures versus recessed fixtures in the ceiling? Wall-mounted fixtures versus freestanding lamps? What types of lighting fixtures are typically used to provide ambient lighting? Task lighting? Accent lighting?

Copying Shared Elements into an Electrical Model •

•

•

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using batch copy versus copying lighting fixtures individually? Why would you choose not to copy some lighting fixtures from the linked model? What factors determine whether it is better to copy the original types from the linked architectural model or map them to new types in the host MEP model?

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM Modeling Electrical Panels, Circuits, and Switches •

•

Where are electrical panels typically located? In public or private locations? Who should have access to the panels? How do you determine the number of distribution panels needed and the size for each?

•

Where are light switches typically located?

•

In what situations are three-way and four-way switches used?

•

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using occupancy switches and timers versus standard switches?

Modeling Electrical Receptacle Circuits •

•

•

What is typical elevation for wall receptacles in different settings (for example, residential versus office)? What are the ADA requirements? Why are ground fault circuit interrupt (GFCI) receptacles used on countertops and in potentially wet locations? When should quadruplex (four-outlet) receptacles be provided?


Definition

Circuit

The system of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes, connected by conductive wires through which electric current can flow and service electrically powered devices.

Panelboard

The device where power can be monitored, distributed, and controlled safely via circuit breakers and ground connections.

Receptacle

Electrical power outlet serving the user’s plug loads.

Ground Fault Circuit

GFCI is a safety feature that cuts power to a circuit when a

Interrupt (GFCI)

ground fault or short is detected.

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Autodesk BIM Curriculum 2011 Student Workbook Unit 4: Multidisciplinary Collaboration Lesson 4: Modeling Plumbing Systems

Lesson 4: Modeling Plumbing Systems In this lesson, you will learn how to model plumbing fixtures and link them together to create hot water, cold water, sanitary waste, and fire sprinkler systems. You will start by placing sanitary fixtures in the architectural model, and then copy those ®

®

placeholder fixtures into an Autodesk Revit MEP model. They will model pipe layouts to complete the sanitary waste system and create an example of a wet fire protection system. The endpoint of the lesson will be a plumbing model that can be used for analysis and shared with the other members of the design team and disciplines affected by the plumbing design decisions.

Placing Plumbing Fixtures in the Architectural Model Designers typically place plumbing fixtures in their models as part of their preliminary design work to indicate the types and locations of fixtures, the required clearances, and their design intent. You can use a similar approach, placing plumbing fixture components in an architectural model to act as placeholders for items that will be connected into plumbing systems in a later step by others on the design team. Be sure to consider the clearances required by all applicable building codes as you place the fixtures. Make sure that the plumbing fixture components you load into your project and place are MEP-friendly


(include connectors for the hot water, cold water, and sanitary systems in their definition). All of the plumbing fixtures included in the libraries installed by the 2011 versions of ®

®

Autodesk Revit products are MEP-friendly, but older components may not be. To be certain, edit the component and look for the special system connector parts in its definition. Copying Shared Elements into a Plumbing Model Link the preliminary architectural model to your Revit MEP host project and use the Copy/Monitor tool to copy the placeholder elements to use as the starting point for the plumbing design tasks.

AUTODESK CURRICULUM Modeling Sanitary Systems Use tools in the Plumbing Panel of the Home tab to connect these fixtures and create several types of plumbing systems: •

Sanitary

•

Domestic cold and hot water

•

Fire protection

The essential steps include: •

Add pipes to model vertical risers.

•

Add horizontal branch pipes and connecting them to the riser.

•

Connect plumbing fixtures to the branch pipes.

You can place these pipes individually, or use Revit software’s auto-routing tools to generate recommended pipe layouts based on the fixture connections, pipe sizes, and connectors required. You view the plumbing systems defined and the devices assigned to each system in the System Browser. Modeling Fire Protection Systems Another essential plumbing system in many buildings is the fire protection system. You can use Revit software to model both wet and dry fire protection systems. Fire sprinklers and their piping are typically located at the ceiling level. You place sprinkler components using the Sprinkler tool in the in the Plumbing and Piping panel of the Home tab. You can place the pipes that supply the sprinkler components manually or by using Revit software’s auto-routing tool to generate potential layouts. These pipes can be concealed in the ceiling or left exposed. Because sprinkler piping typically shares the ceiling space with many other building systems—structural elements, electrical wiring and lighting fixtures, and mechanical ductwork—it is important to check for interferences and adjust the routing as needed to avoid conflicts.


•

Understand the importance of copying the model levels, grids, and fixtures into the MEP host model. Explore modeling pipe systems between fixtures to create specific plumbing systems.

•

Appreciate the logic for sanitary pipe routing options in a multistory building.

•

Devise simple fire protection systems in ceilings.

33

AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Suggested Exercises Exercise 4.4.1: Placing Plumbing Fixtures in the Architectural Model In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Place plumbing fixture components in restrooms.

•

Copy plumbing fixtures to similar locations on other levels.


Figure 4.4.1. Placing a lavatory plumbing fixture component Exercise Unit4_Lesson4_Exercise1_Start.rvt •

•

•

®

®

Open the model for this exercise in Autodesk Revit Architecture software. Place toilet and urinal fixtures in the restrooms on level 1 of the building as shown in Figure 4.4.2. Copy the plumbing fixtures to similar locations on levels 2, 3, and 4.

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Figure 4.4.2. Plumbing fixtures placed in the restrooms

Exercise 4.4.2: Copying Shared Elements into a Plumbing Model In this exercise, you will learn how to: •


•

Create working views for plumbing design in Revit MEP.

•

Copy plumbing fixtures from the architectural model into Revit MEP.


Figure 4.4.3.Copying plumbing fixtures to the Revit MEP host project

35

AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Exercise Unit4_Lesson4_Exercise2_Start.rvt •

•

•

Open the model for this exercise in Revit MEP software. Copy the plumbing fixtures from the architectural model into the Revit MEP plumbing model using the Batch Copy option to copy all of them. Open the 3D Plumbing view to verify that the fixtures are copied into the Revit MEP plumbing model.

Figure 4.4.4. Plumbing fixtures copied into the Revit MEP host project

Exercise 4.4.3: Modeling Sanitary Systems In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Create a vertical riser.

•

Place horizontal branch pipes.

•

Connect branch pipes to the riser.

•

Connect plumbing fixtures to branch pipes.

•

View sanitary systems in the System Browser.

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM


Figure 4.4.5. Creating a branch pipe to a vertical riser


•

•

•

Open the model for this exercise in Revit MEP software. Copy the horizontal branch pipe on level 2 to similar locations on levels 3 and 4. Connect the toilet fixtures on level 2 to the horizontal branch pipe with the Connect Into tool. Connect the sanitary connector of the sink and urinal fixtures to the horizontal branch pipe using similar steps.

Figure 4.4.6. Plan and 3D views showing plumbing fixtures connected to horizontal branch pipe

37

AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Exercise 4.4.4: Modeling Fire Protection Systems In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Place sprinklers.

•

Create a wet fire protection system.


Figure 4.4.7. Placing sprinkler components on the face of a ceiling Exercise Unit4_Lesson4_Exercise4_Start.rvt •

•

•

•

Open the model for this exercise in Revit MEP software. Place pendant sprinklers for a wet fire protection system in the ceiling of the large office at the northeast corner of level 2. Create a wet fire protection system for the sprinklers placed in the previous step. Open the 3D Plumbing view to display the sprinklers and the piping layout.

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Figure 4.4.8. Sprinkler piping layout created with the Generate Layout tool

Assessment Placing Plumbing Fixtures in the Architectural Model •

•

•

What are the required clearances for restroom fixtures per your applicable building code? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using wall-mounted plumbing fixtures versus floor-mounted? How does the mounting location affect the routing of the sanitary and water piping?

Copying Shared Elements into a Plumbing Model •

How can you control the types of fixtures copied during a batch copy?

•

What are the advantages and disadvantages of mapping fixtures to new types?

Modeling Sanitary Systems •

•

•

•

•

How are the horizontal branch pipes that run below a floor typically concealed? Can you use multiple vertical risers to reduce the length of the branch pipes and the vertical clearance required to provide the minimum slope? What are the biggest challenges when trying to find auto-routing solutions? Do the types and sizes of connector elements loaded in the project affect the auto-routing solutions available? If an auto-routing solution cannot be found, what strategies can you use to assist with finding an acceptable routing?

39

AUTODESK CURRICULUM Modeling Fire Protection Systems •

What factors influence the design of a wet fire protection system?

•

What is a typical spacing between sprinklers?

•

What factors need to be considered when determining the elevations of the main and branch pipes?


Definition

Supply System

Piping systems that convey hot and cold water to supply the needs of plumbing fixtures in the building design.

Sanitary System

Piping systems that convey the used water away from sanitary fixtures and toward the sewage systems.

Riser

A vertical pipe.

Main Pipe

A larger horizontal pipe that supplies water to smaller branch pipes.

Branch Pipe

A smaller horizontal pipe that conveys water from the main pipe to an endpoint fixture.

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Autodesk BIM Curriculum 2011 Student Workbook Unit 4: Multidisciplinary Collaboration Lesson 5: Modeling Mechanical Systems

Lesson 5: Modeling Mechanical Systems Lesson Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to model mechanical systems that provide ventilation and conditioned air to the spaces inside a building. These systems are typically referred to as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. You will place components to model the essential elements of an HVAC system—air handling units and diffusers—and link these elements using ductwork to create systems that supply to the spaces and return air to the handlers. The endpoint of the lesson will be a mechanical model that can be used for mechanical system analysis and detailed mechanical design, as well as shared with the other members of the design team and disciplines affected by the mechanical design decisions. Copying Shared Elements into a Mechanical Model ®

®

Link the preliminary architectural model to an Autodesk Revit MEP host project and use the Copy/Monitor tool to copy shared levels and grids as the starting point for the mechanical design tasks. You will place components to model the HVAC equipment and devices later in this lesson, so you do not need to copy any fixtures from the linked model. Modeling Exposed HVAC Systems Model exposed HVAC systems (where the ductwork is visible and not concealed by a ceiling) using tools in the HVAC Panel of the Home tab. You can create two types of systems: •

•

Supply systems that move conditioned air from air handling units to supply diffusers Return systems that move air from return diffusers back to the air handling units

The essential steps include: •

•

•

Place air handling unit components. Place supply diffusers and return diffuser components at locations for these terminals. Connect the diffusers to the air handling units with ducts.

To effectively move fresh air to where it is most needed, supply diffusers are typically placed along the perimeter of a space near doors and windows (and away from the return air intake). Return air diffusers are strategically placed to draw the conditioned air through the space.

AUTODESK CURRICULUM

You can place ducts individually, or use Revit software’s auto-routing tools to generate recommended ducts layouts based on the equipment connections, duct sizes, and connectors required. Modeling Closed Plenum HVAC Systems You can also model closed plenum HVAC systems (where the enclosed ceiling space is used as a return air plenum) using tools in the HVAC Panel of the Home tab. In these systems: •

•

Supply air is moved to the supply diffusers through ducts that are typically concealed in the ceiling space. Return air is moved from return diffusers mounted on the ceiling through the return air plenum.

The guidelines for locating diffusers in exposed HVAC systems also apply here. Place diffusers strategically to draw conditioned air through the space. As with exposed systems, you can place ducts individually, or use Revit software’s autorouting tools to generate recommended layouts. Since the ductwork is typically concealed by a ceiling, you can use rectangular ducts, which are typically less expensive than exposed round ducts.


•

•

•

Understand the importance of copying in model elements that will drive the mechanical design. Model some typical HVAC system, both closed plenum and exposed, within the space constraints of the building. Understand the options available and tradeoffs for modeling ductwork for HVAC systems. Investigate the register of HVAC systems and see how they are organized by type (supply or return).

Suggested Exercises Exercise 4.5.1: Copying Shared Elements into a Mechanical Model In this exercise, you will learn how to: •


•

Create working views for mechanical design in Revit MEP.

42

AUTODESK CURRICULUM


Figure 4.5.1. Applying view templates to customize views for mechanical design Student Exercise Unit4_Lesson5_Exercise1_Start.rvt •

Create a new customized and filtered 3D view using the section box to assist with coordinating the lighting fixtures and the mechanical equipment to be placed.

Figure 4.5.2. 3D view displaying lighting and HVAC disciplines

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Exercise 4.5.2: Modeling Exposed HVAC Systems In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Place air handling units and terminals.

•

Create a return system.

•

View HVAC systems in the System Browser.


Figure 4.5.3. Connecting diffusers to an air handling unit


•

Place six supply diffusers for an exposed HVAC system in the retail space at the north end of level 1 around the front façade. Create a supply system for the diffusers placed in the previous step: o

o

For the main ducts, use oval ducts with gored elbows/taps and an offset of 13'-0" (3.96 m). For the branch ducts, use round ducts with tees, an offset of 13'-0" (3.96 m), and round flex ducts with maximum flex duct length of 6'-0" (1.83 m).

44

AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Figure 4.5.4. HVAC supply system in the retail space

Exercise 4.5.3: Modeling Closed Plenum HVAC S ystems In this exercise, you will learn how to: • Measure the plenum space available. • Place air handling units and terminals. • Create a supply system.


Figure 4.5.5. Using auto-routing to place supply side ducts in closed plenum HVAC system

45

AUTODESK CURRICULUM


•

•

•

Open the model for this exercise in Revit MEP software. Place two supply diffusers for a closed plenum HVAC system in the office space at the northeast corner of level 2. Place a variable air volume (VAV) unit above the corridor outside the office. Create a supply system for the diffusers and VAV unit placed in the previous steps using the Generate Layout tool: o

o

•

For the main ducts, use rectangular ducts with mitered elbows/tees with an offset: 11'-0" (3.35 m). For the branch ducts, use rectangular ducts with mitered elbows/tees with an offset: 11'-0" (3.35 m) and no flex duct.

Open the 3D HVAC Lighting Coordination view to confirm that there are no conflicts between the HVAC elements and the lighting fixtures.

Figure 4.5.6. Duct layout for supply side of closed plenum HVAC system

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Assessment Copying Shared Elements into a Mechanical Model •

•

•

What elements and features of a model would you want to see to assist with mechanical design tasks? What other types of equipment and systems should be considered when placing HVAC equipment and ducts? Which views are best for placing HVAC equipment and ducts in a ceiling space?

Modeling Exposed HVAC Systems •

In what types of spaces are exposed HVAC system typically used?

•

What factors determine the size requirements for an air handling unit?

•

Could a central air handling unit be used rather than a local unit in the space?

•

•

Where could it be located? How would you modify the design to route air to and from the central unit? How does the shape of the ducts and number bends in ductwork affect the efficiency of the system?

Modeling Closed Plenum HVAC Systems •

Why are return ducts not needed in a closed plenum HVAC system?

•

What types of HVAC systems are typically used for: o

Residences?

o

Offices?

o

•

Hotel rooms?

What factors determine the best placement for supply diffusers in a room?

47

AUTODESK CURRICULUM


Definition

Plenum Space

In a structure, this is the space that exists in the middle of the actual ceiling and the dropped ceiling, which is frequently made use of as an air duct for heating and cooling purposes. This space also consists of electric, telephone, and network cables and wires.

Air Terminal

A device located in an opening provided at the boundaries of the treated space to ensure a predetermined motion of air in this space. These can include supply and return diffusers.

Variable Air Volume

A technique for controlling the capacity of a heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning (HVAC) system. The simplest VAV system incorporates one supply duct that, when in cooling mode, distributes cool supply air. Because the supply air temperature is constant, the air flow rate must vary to meet the rising and falling heat gains or losses within the thermal zone served.

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Autodesk BIM Curriculum 2011 Student Workbook Unit 4: Multidisciplinary Collaboration Lesson 6: Coordination and Interference Checking

Lesson 6: Coordination and Interference Checking Lesson Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to link models created by all members of the design team ®

®

and use the Autodesk Revit software Coordination Review and Interference Check tools to find and resolve changes and conflicts. Design teams using a BIM-based approach to coordinate their work can use coordination reviews and interference checking to find problems and resolve conflicts during the planning and design phases of the project lifecycle. This early review helps teams avoid costly mistakes and oversights that would otherwise surface much later during the field construction process. BIM-based coordination also creates an opportunity to verify the geometry and dimensions of elements before they are placed in the field, and this facilitates the prefabrication of components, which can vastly improve the efficiency of the construction process. Coordinating and Reviewing Model Changes ®

®

®

®

Link the Autodesk Revit Structure and Autodesk Revit MEP models created by other disciplines in the design team to find changes made to shared elements and decide how to act up on those changes. When you link a Revit model, the software automatically looks for changes to any shared elements and recommends performing a coordination review if any are found. The coordination review reports: •

The type of change found

•

The elements in both the host and linked model affected by the change

•

Recommended actions to resolve the change

Some changes can be resolved by choosing from the recommended actions in the Coordination Review dialog box. Other changes may require you to modify elements directly in your host project. Checking for Interference Between Model Elements You can also check for interferences and conflicts between model elements using the Interference Check tool. You can use this tool in two ways, to: •

Compare the locations of elements placed in a single model.

•

Compare elements in a host project to elements in a linked model.

www.autodesk.com/edcommunity

AUTODESK CURRICULUM Interference checking is very helpful for finding conflicts that might otherwise go unnoticed because the conflicting elements are not seen in the same view. It is good practice for design teams to do internal checks within each model, and also do pair-wise checks to look for conflicts between the elements placed in each linked model by the various disciplines.


•

•

•

•

Understand the importance of performing periodic coordination review of models that have interdependencies. Appreciate and apply the concept of coordination between models that contribute to the same project. Assess the options available in and the limitations of automated Coordination Review for acting upon the conflicts. Understand how to perform interference checking tests across different models, model categories, or particular selections. Investigate a particular interference and take action to resolve by changing the location of one of the interfering elements.

Suggested Exercises Exercise 4.6.1: Coordinating and Reviewing Model Changes In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Link models from other disciplines to the architectural model.

•

Find changes made to shared model elements.

•

Act upon the changes reported in the coordination review.

•

View the integrated model with the changes resolved.


Figure 4.6.1. Reviewing changes to shared elements in the coordination

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Student Exercise Unit4_Lesson6_Exercise1_Start.rvt ®

®

•

Open the model for this exercise in Autodesk Revit Architecture software.

•

Link to the lighting model that was created in Autodesk Revit MEP software.

•

•

•

Run a coordination review to find the changes to shared elements that were made in the linked model. Review and act on the messages reported in the Coordination Review dialog box. Move the lighting fixtures in the architectural model to the new locations to match the MEP model.

Figure 4.6.2. Coordination Review identifying differences in lighting fixture placement

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Exercise 4.6.2: Checking for Interference Between Model Elements In this exercise, you will learn how to: •

Link models to prepare for interference checking.

•

Set up and run an interference report.

•

•

Review the issues reported in the interference report and showing the intersecting elements. Narrow the scope of the report by selection or by choosing specific elements to check.


Figure 4.6.3. Highlighting intersecting ducts and joists found during an interference check


•

•

•

•

•

Open the model for this exercise in Revit MEP software. This model includes the elements in the plumbing design with the architectural model already linked in. Link to the HVAC model that was also created in Revit MEP. Open a view of the area to be checked, and adjust its settings to feature the HVAC and plumbing elements. Run an interference check to look for intersecting elements in the current project and the linked HVAC model. Review the messages in the Interference Report dialog box. Change the elevation of the sprinkler pipes that intersect with the ducts so that there is an appropriate clearance between these items.

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM

Figure 4.6.4. Clash between a duct and sprinkler pipe in the plenum space

Assessment Checking for Interference Between Model Elements •

•

•

What happens when you reject a change? Are the users of the linked models automatically notified? How can these changes get resolved? What strategies could you use for resolving elements that were copied into a linked model and changed there? Should you always delete these elements in your host model? How can you share a coordination review report with others (or save it for your records)?

Coordinating and Reviewing Model Changes •

•

•

What are the advantages and disadvantages of comparing all elements in two models versus narrowing the scope of the check to compare fewer elements? What is the most efficient way to highlight the conflicting elements and make changes to them to resolve the interference? How can you update an interference report to remove issues that have already been resolved?

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AUTODESK CURRICULUM


Definition

Coordination Review

A tool that enables users to review warnings about changes to the monitored elements, communicate with other teams working on the same project, and resolve issues regarding changes to the building model.

Interference Check

A tool that finds intersections between elements in a project. These can be a set of selected elements or all elements in the model.

Clash

A spatial conflict or intersection between elements in the model.

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Student Workbook.pdf

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