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Apéndice 1 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) Tabla A-1 Tabla A-2 Tabla A-3 Tabla A-4 Tabla A-5 Tabla A-6 Tabla A-7 Tabla A-8 Figura A-9 Figura A-10 Tabla A-11 Tabla A-12 Tabla A-13 Figura A-14 Figura A-15 Tabla A-16 Tabla A-17 Tabla A-18 Tabla A-19 Tabla A-20
Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Vapor de agua sobrecalentado Agua líquida comprimida Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Diagrama T-s para el agua Diagrama de Mollier para el agua Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado Diagrama P-h para refrigerante 134a Gráfica generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Propiedades de gas ideal del aire Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 Propiedades de gas del oxígeno, O2 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2
Tabla A-21 Tabla A-22 Tabla A-23 Tabla A-24 Tabla A-25 Tabla A-26
Tabla A-27 Tabla A-28 Figura A-29 Figura A-30 Figura A-31 Tabla A-32
Tabla A-33
Tabla A-34
Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 25°C, 1 atm Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes Logaritmos naturales de la constante de equilibrio Kp Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entalpía Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entropía Gráfica psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total Funciones unidimensionales isentrópicos de flujo compresible para un gas ideal con k 1.4 Funciones unidimensionales de choque normal de un gas ideal con k 1.4 Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k 1.4
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-1 Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico
Sustancia
Fórmula
Agua Aire Alcohol etílico Alcohol metílico Amoniaco Argón Benceno Bromo n-Butano Cloro Cloroformo Cloruro metílico Criptón Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) Diclorofluorometano (R-21) Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de sulfuro Etano Etileno Helio n-Hexano Hidrógeno (normal) Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Óxido nitroso Oxígeno Propano Propileno Tetracloruro de carbono Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) Triclorofluorometano (R-11) Xenón
H2O — C2H5OH CH3OH NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 Cl2 CHCl3 CH3Cl Kr CCl2F2 CHCl2F CO2 SO2 C2H6 C2H4 He C6H14 H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 CCl4 CF3CH2F CCl3F Xe
Propiedades del punto crítico
Masa molar, M kg/kmol
Constanre de gas, R kJ/kg · K*
Temperatura, K
18.015 28.97 46.07 32.042 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 70.906 119.38 50.488 83.80 120.91 102.92 44.01 64.063 30.070 28.054 4.003 86.179 2.016 16.043 28.011 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 44.097 42.081 153.82 102.03 137.37 131.30
0.4615 0.2870 0.1805 0.2595 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1173 0.06964 0.1647 0.09921 0.06876 0.08078 0.1889 0.1298 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.5182 0.2968 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.05405 0.08149 0.06052 0.06332
647.1 132.5 516 513.2 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 417 536.6 416.3 209.4 384.7 451.7 304.2 430.7 305.5 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 191.1 133 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 556.4 374.2 471.2 289.8
Presión, MPa 22.06 3.77 6.38 7.95 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.71 5.47 6.68 5.50 4.01 5.17 7.39 7.88 4.48 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 4.64 3.50 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 4.56 4.059 4.38 5.88
Volumen, m3/kmol 0.0560 0.0883 0.1673 0.1180 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.1242 0.2403 0.1430 0.0924 0.2179 0.1973 0.0943 0.1217 0.1480 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0993 0.0930 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.2759 0.1993 0.2478 0.1186
*La unidad en kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kPa · m3/kg · K. La constante de gas se calcula de R Ru /M, donde Ru 8.31447 kJ/kmol · K y M es la masa molar. Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; y ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: Sociedad Americana de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 y 36.1.
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TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes a) A 300 K Gas
Fórmula
Aire Argón Butano Dióxido de carbono Etano Etileno Helio Hidrógeno Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Octano Oxígeno Propano Vapor
— Ar C4H10 CO2 C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O
Constante de gas, R kJ/kg · K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.2968 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615
cp kJ/kg · K
cv kJ/kg · K
k
1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.040 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723
0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.744 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108
1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.400 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327
Nota: La unidad kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kJ/kg · °C. Fuente: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics tercera edición, por Kyle, B.G., © 2000. Adaptado con permiso de Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey.
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TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (continuación) b) A diversas temperaturas
Temperatura, K 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000
cp kJ/kg · K
cv kJ/kg · K
k
Aire 1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142
0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855
cp kJ/kg · K
14.051 14.307 14.427 14.476 14.501 14.513 14.530 14.546 14.571 14.604 14.645 14.695 14.822 14.983
9.927 10.183 10.302 10.352 10.377 10.389 10.405 10.422 10.447 10.480 10.521 10.570 10.698 10.859
k
Dióxido de carbono, CO2 1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336
0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234
Hidrógeno, H2 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000
cv kJ/kg · K
1.416 1.405 1.400 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.392 1.390 1.385 1.380
0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045
1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181
cp kJ/kg · K
0.742 0.743 0.744 0.747 0.752 0.759 0.768 0.778 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.825 0.849 0.870
1.400 1.400 1.399 1.397 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.371 1.365 1.360 1.349 1.341
k
Monóxido de carbono, CO 1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185
Nitrógeno, N2 1.039 1.039 1.041 1.044 1.049 1.056 1.065 1.075 1.086 1.098 1.110 1.121 1.145 1.167
cv kJ/kg · K
0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888
1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335
Oxígeno, O2 0.913 0.918 0.928 0.941 0.956 0.972 0.988 1.003 1.017 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.074 1.090
0.653 0.658 0.668 0.681 0.696 0.712 0.728 0.743 0.758 0.771 0.783 0.794 0.814 0.830
1.398 1.395 1.389 1.382 1.373 1.365 1.358 1.350 1.343 1.337 1.332 1.327 1.319 1.313
Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, p. 783, Tabla A-4M. Publicada originalmente en Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.
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TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (conclusión) c) Como una función de la temperatura _ cp a bT cT 2 dT 3 (T en K, cp en kJ/kmol · K)
Sustancia Acetileno Aire Amoniaco Azufre Benceno i-Butano n-Butano Cloruro de hidrógeno Dióxido de azufre Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de nitrógeno Etano Etanol Etileno n-Hexano Hidrógeno Metano Metanol Monóxido de carbono Nitrógeno Óxido nítrico Óxido nitroso Oxígeno n-Pentano Propano Propileno Trióxido de azufre Vapor de agua
Fórmula C2H2 — NH3 S2 C6H6 C4H10 C4H10
a 21.8 28.11 27.568 27.21 36.22 7.913 3.96
b 9.2143 0.1967 2.5630 2.218 48.475 41.60 37.15
c
102 102 102 102 102 102 102
6.527 0.4802 0.99072 1.628 31.57 23.01 18.34
Rango de temp., K
d
105 105 105 105 105 105 105
18.21 1.966 6.6909 3.986 77.62 49.91 35.00
109
% de error Máx. Prom.
109 109 109 109 109 109
273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500
1.46 0.72 0.91 0.99 0.34 0.25 0.54
0.59 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.20 0.13 0.24
HCl
30.33
0.7620 102
1.327 105
4.338 109
273–1500
0.22
0.08
SO2
25.78
5.795 102
3.812 105
8.612 109
273–1800
0.45
0.24
CO2
22.26
5.981 102
3.501 105
7.469 109
273–1800
0.67
0.22
NO2 C2H6 C2H6O C2H4 C6H14 H2 CH4 CH4O
22.9 5.715 102 6.900 17.27 102 19.9 20.96 102 3.95 15.64 102 6.938 55.22 102 29.11 0.1916 102 19.89 5.024 102 19.0 9.152 102
CO N2 NO N2O O2 C5H12 C3H8 C3H6 SO3 H2O
16.40 32.24
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
7.87 7.285 20.05 17.67 57.69 0.8704 11.01 8.039
109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109
273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1000
0.46 0.83 0.40 0.54 0.72 1.01 1.33 0.18
0.18 0.28 0.22 0.13 0.20 0.26 0.57 0.08
28.16 0.1675 102 28.90 0.1571 102 29.34 0.09395 102 24.11 5.8632 102 25.48 1.520 102 6.774 45.43 102 4.04 30.48 102 3.15 23.83 102
0.5372 105 0.8081 105 0.9747 105 3.562 105 0.7155 105 22.46 105 15.72 105 12.18 105
2.222 2.873 4.187 10.58 1.312 42.29 31.74 24.62
109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109
273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500
0.89 0.59 0.97 0.59 1.19 0.56 0.40 0.73
0.37 0.34 0.36 0.26 0.28 0.21 0.12 0.17
14.58 102 0.1923 102
11.20 105 1.055 105
32.42 109 3.595 109
273–1300 273–1800
0.29 0.53
0.13 0.24
3.52 6.406 10.38 8.344 28.65 0.4003 1.269 1.22
Fuente: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, Englewood Cliffs, Nueva Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1984. Usada con permiso.
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TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes a) Líquidos Datos de ebullición a 1 atm
Sustancia
Punto Calor latente de normal de vaporización ebullición, °C hfg , kJ/kg
Datos de congelación Punto de congelación, °C
Calor latente de fusión hif , kJ/kg
Aceite (ligero) Agua
100
2257
0.0
333.7
Alcohol etílico Amoniaco
78.6 33.3
855 1357
156 77.7
108 322.4
Argón Benceno n-Butano Dióxido de carbono Etanol Etilén glicol Glicerina Helio Hidrógeno Isobutano Mercurio Metano
185.9 80.2 0.5 78.4* 78.2 198.1 179.9 268.9 252.8 11.7 356.7 161.5
161.6 394 385.2 230.5 (a 0°C) 838.3 800.1 974 22.8 445.7 367.1 294.7 510.4
189.3 5.5 138.5 56.6 114.2 10.8 18.9 — 259.2 160 38.9 182.2
28 126 80.3
Metanol Nitrógeno
64.5 195.8
1100 198.6
97.7 210
99.2 25.3
Octano Oxígeno Petróleo Propano
124.8 183 — 42.1
306.3 212.7 230–384 427.8
57.5 218.8
180.7 13.7
187.7
80.0
Queroseno Refrigerante 134a Salmuera (20% de cloruro de sodio por masa)
204–293 26.1
251 217.0
24.9 96.6
— —
103.9
—
17.4
—
109 181.1 200.6 — 59.5 105.7 11.4 58.4
Propiedades del líquido Temperatura, °C 25 0 25 50 75 100 20 33.3 20 0 25 185.6 20 0.5 0 25 20 20 268.9 252.8 11.7 25 161.5 100 25 195.8 160 20 183 20 42.1 0 50 20 50
20 26.1 0 25
Densidad r, kg/m3
Calor específico cp, kJ/kg · K
910 1000 997 988 975 958 789 682 665 639 602 1394 879 601 298 783 1109 1261 146.2 70.7 593.8 13,560 423 301 787 809 596 703 1141 640 581 529 449 820 1443
1.80 4.22 4.18 4.18 4.19 4.22 2.84 4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0 2.28 0.139 3.49 5.79 2.55 2.06 2.97 2.10 1.71 2.0 2.25 2.53 3.13 2.00 1.23
1150 1374 1295 1207
3.11 1.27 1.34 1.43
* Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 518 kPa, el dióxido de carbono existe como sólido o como gas. También, la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de –56.5°C.)
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TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (conclusión) b) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa) Densidad, r kg/m3
Sustancia
Calor específico, cp kJ/kg · K
Metales
Densidad, Calor específico, r kg/m3 cp kJ/kg · K
Sustancia No metales
Acero dulce Aluminio 200 K 250 K 300 K 350 K 400 K 450 K 500 K Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Cobre 173°C 100°C 50°C 0°C 27°C 100°C 200°C Hierro Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Magnesio Níquel Plata Plomo Tungsteno
7,830
0.500
Arena Arcilla Asfalto Caucho (blando) Caucho (duro) Concreto Diamante Grafito Granito Hielo 200 K 220 K 240 K 260 K 273 K Ladrillo común Ladrillo refractario (500°C) Madera contrachapada (abeto Douglas) Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.) Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.) Mármol Piedra Piedra caliza Vidrio para ventanas Vidrio pirex Yeso o tabla de yeso
0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 0.400
2,700
8,280
7,840 8,310
0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403 0.45 0.400
1,730 8,890 10,470 11,310 19,400
1.000 0.440 0.235 0.128 0.130
8,900
1520 1000 2110 1100 1150 2300 2420 2500 2700
0.800 0.920 0.920 1.840 2.009 0.653 0.616 0.711 1.017
921 1922 2300
1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.79 0.960
545 721 513 2600 1500 1650 2700 2230 800
1.21 1.26 1.38 0.880 0.800 0.909 0.800 0.840 1.0
c) Alimentos
Alimentos
Brócoli Camarón Carne de pollo Carne de res Cerezas Espinaca Fresas Huevo entero Leche entera Lechuga Maíz dulce
Contenido de agua, % (masa)
90 83 74 67 80 93 90 74 88 95 74
Punto de congelación, °C
0.6 2.2 2.8 — 1.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6
Calor específico, kJ/kg · K Por encima Por debajo del punto del punto de congede congelación lación
3.86 3.62 3.32 3.08 3.52 3.96 3.86 3.32 3.79 4.02 3.32
1.97 1.89 1.77 1.68 1.85 2.01 1.97 1.77 1.95 2.04 1.77
Calor latente de fusión, kJ/kg
301 277 247 224 267 311 301 247 294 317 247
Alimentos
Contenido de agua, % (masa)
Helado Mantequilla Manzanas Naranjas Papas Pavo Plátanos Queso suizo Salmón Sandía Tomates (maduros)
63 16 84 87 78 64 75 39 64 93 94
Punto de congelación, °C
5.6 — 1.1 0.8 0.6 — 0.8 10.0 2.2 0.4 0.5
Calor específico, kJ/kg · K Por encima Por debajo del punto del punto de congede congelación lación
2.95 — 3.65 3.75 3.45 2.98 3.35 2.15 2.98 3.96 3.99
1.63 1.04 1.90 1.94 1.82 1.65 1.78 1.33 1.65 2.01 2.02
Calor latente de fusión, kJ/kg
210 53 281 291 261 214 251 130 214 311 314
Fuente: Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación para alimentos provienen del ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, versión SI, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras, así como la temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos.
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TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Volumen específico, m3/kg Temp., T °C
Pres. sat., Psat kPa
0.01 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Energía interna, kJ/kg
Entalpía, kJ/kg
Entropía, kJ/kg · K
Líq. sat., vf
Vapor sat., vg
Líq. sat., uf
Evap., ufg
Vapor sat., ug
Líq. sat., hf
Evap., hfg
Vapor sat., hg
Líq. sat., sf
Vapor Evap., sat., sfg sg
0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392
0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002
206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762
0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913
2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4
2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3
0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915
2500.9 2489.1 2477.2 2465.4 2453.5
2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4
0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965
9.1556 8.9487 8.7488 8.5559 8.3696
9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661
3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953
0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010
43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251
104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43
2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7
2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1
104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44
2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0
2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4
0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386
8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247
8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633
50 55 60 65 70
12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202
0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023
12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396
209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04
2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8
2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9
209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07
2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0
2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1
0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551
7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989
8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540
75 80 85 90 95
38.597 47.416 57.868 70.183 84.609
0.001026 0.001029 0.001032 0.001036 0.001040
4.1291 3.4053 2.8261 2.3593 1.9808
313.99 334.97 355.96 376.97 398.00
2161.3 2146.6 2131.9 2117.0 2102.0
2475.3 2481.6 2487.8 2494.0 2500.1
314.03 335.02 356.02 377.04 398.09
2320.6 2308.0 2295.3 2282.5 2269.6
2634.6 2643.0 2651.4 2659.6 2667.6
1.0158 1.0756 1.1346 1.1929 1.2504
6.6655 6.5355 6.4089 6.2853 6.1647
7.6812 7.6111 7.5435 7.4782 7.4151
100 105 110 115 120
101.42 120.90 143.38 169.18 198.67
0.001043 0.001047 0.001052 0.001056 0.001060
1.6720 1.4186 1.2094 1.0360 0.89133
419.06 440.15 461.27 482.42 503.60
2087.0 2071.8 2056.4 2040.9 2025.3
2506.0 2511.9 2517.7 2523.3 2528.9
419.17 440.28 461.42 482.59 503.81
2256.4 2243.1 2229.7 2216.0 2202.1
2675.6 2683.4 2691.1 2698.6 2706.0
1.3072 1.3634 1.4188 1.4737 1.5279
6.0470 5.9319 5.8193 5.7092 5.6013
7.3542 7.2952 7.2382 7.1829 7.1292
125 130 135 140 145
232.23 270.28 313.22 361.53 415.68
0.001065 0.001070 0.001075 0.001080 0.001085
0.77012 0.66808 0.58179 0.50850 0.44600
524.83 546.10 567.41 588.77 610.19
2009.5 1993.4 1977.3 1960.9 1944.2
2534.3 2539.5 2544.7 2549.6 2554.4
525.07 546.38 567.75 589.16 610.64
2188.1 2173.7 2159.1 2144.3 2129.2
2713.1 2720.1 2726.9 2733.5 2739.8
1.5816 1.6346 1.6872 1.7392 1.7908
5.4956 5.3919 5.2901 5.1901 5.0919
7.0771 7.0265 6.9773 6.9294 6.8827
150 155 160 165 170
476.16 543.49 618.23 700.93 792.18
0.001091 0.001096 0.001102 0.001108 0.001114
0.39248 0.34648 0.30680 0.27244 0.24260
631.66 653.19 674.79 696.46 718.20
1927.4 1910.3 1893.0 1875.4 1857.5
2559.1 2563.5 2567.8 2571.9 2575.7
632.18 653.79 675.47 697.24 719.08
2113.8 2098.0 2082.0 2065.6 2048.8
2745.9 2751.8 2757.5 2762.8 2767.9
1.8418 1.8924 1.9426 1.9923 2.0417
4.9953 4.9002 4.8066 4.7143 4.6233
6.8371 6.7927 6.7492 6.7067 6.6650
175 180 185 190 195 200
892.60 1002.8 1123.5 1255.2 1398.8 1554.9
0.001121 0.001127 0.001134 0.001141 0.001149 0.001157
0.21659 0.19384 0.17390 0.15636 0.14089 0.12721
740.02 761.92 783.91 806.00 828.18 850.46
1839.4 1820.9 1802.1 1783.0 1763.6 1743.7
2579.4 2582.8 2586.0 2589.0 2591.7 2594.2
741.02 763.05 785.19 807.43 829.78 852.26
2031.7 2014.2 1996.2 1977.9 1959.0 1939.8
2772.7 2777.2 2781.4 2785.3 2788.8 2792.0
2.0906 2.1392 2.1875 2.2355 2.2831 2.3305
4.5335 4.4448 4.3572 4.2705 4.1847 4.0997
6.6242 6.5841 6.5447 6.5059 6.4678 6.4302
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TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Temp., T °C
Pres. sat., Psat kPa
205 210 215 220 225
Energía interna, kJ/kg
Entalpía, kJ/kg
Líq. sat, vf
Vapor sat., vg
Líq. sat., uf
Evap., ufg
Vapor sat., ug
Líq. sat., hf
1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7
0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199
0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405
872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70
1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6
2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3
874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76
230 235 240 245 250
2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2
0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252
0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085
986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7
1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1
2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8
255 260 265 270 275
4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4
0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317
0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767
1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9
1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4
280 285 290 295 300
6416.6 6914.6 7441.8 7999.0 8587.9
0.001333 0.001349 0.001366 0.001384 0.001404
0.030153 0.027756 0.025554 0.023528 0.021659
1228.2 1253.7 1279.7 1306.0 1332.7
305 310 315 320 325
9209.4 9865.0 10,556 11,284 12,051
0.001425 0.001447 0.001472 0.001499 0.001528
0.019932 0.018333 0.016849 0.015470 0.014183
330 335 340 345 350
12,858 13,707 14,601 15,541 16,529
0.001560 0.001597 0.001638 0.001685 0.001741
355 360 365 370 373.95
17,570 18,666 19,822 21,044 22,064
0.001808 0.001895 0.002015 0.002217 0.003106
Entropía, kJ/kg · K Vapor sat., hg
Líq. sat., sf
Vapor Evap., sat., sfg sg
1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4
2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2
2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639
4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844
6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483
990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7
1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3
2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0
2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933
3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788
6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721
2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3
1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7
1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5
2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2
2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221
3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723
6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944
1358.2 1328.1 1296.9 1264.5 1230.9
2586.4 2581.8 2576.5 2570.5 2563.6
1236.7 1263.1 1289.8 1317.1 1344.8
1543.2 1510.7 1476.9 1441.6 1404.8
2779.9 2773.7 2766.7 2758.7 2749.6
3.0681 3.1144 3.1608 3.2076 3.2548
2.7898 2.7066 2.6225 2.5374 2.4511
5.8579 5.8210 5.7834 5.7450 5.7059
1360.0 1387.7 1416.1 1445.1 1475.0
1195.9 1159.3 1121.1 1080.9 1038.5
2555.8 2547.1 2537.2 2526.0 2513.4
1373.1 1402.0 1431.6 1462.0 1493.4
1366.3 1325.9 1283.4 1238.5 1191.0
2739.4 2727.9 2715.0 2700.6 2684.3
3.3024 3.3506 3.3994 3.4491 3.4998
2.3633 2.2737 2.1821 2.0881 1.9911
5.6657 5.6243 5.5816 5.5372 5.4908
0.012979 0.011848 0.010783 0.009772 0.008806
1505.7 1537.5 1570.7 1605.5 1642.4
993.5 945.5 893.8 837.7 775.9
2499.2 2483.0 2464.5 2443.2 2418.3
1525.8 1559.4 1594.6 1631.7 1671.2
1140.3 1086.0 1027.4 963.4 892.7
2666.0 2645.4 2622.0 2595.1 2563.9
3.5516 3.6050 3.6602 3.7179 3.7788
1.8906 1.7857 1.6756 1.5585 1.4326
5.4422 5.3907 5.3358 5.2765 5.2114
0.007872 0.006950 0.006009 0.004953 0.003106
1682.2 1726.2 1777.2 1844.5 2015.7
706.4 625.7 526.4 385.6 0
2388.6 2351.9 2303.6 2230.1 2015.7
1714.0 1761.5 1817.2 1891.2 2084.3
812.9 720.1 605.5 443.1 0
2526.9 2481.6 2422.7 2334.3 2084.3
3.8442 3.9165 4.0004 4.1119 4.4070
1.2942 1.1373 0.9489 0.6890 0
5.1384 5.0537 4.9493 4.8009 4.4070
Evap., hfg
Fuente: Las tablas A-4 a A-8 fueron generadas utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la altamente precisa Steam_IAPWS, que incorpora la Formulación 1995 para las Propiedades Termodinámicas de la Sustancia Agua Ordinaria para Uso Científico y General, editada por The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). Esta formulación reemplaza a la formulación de 1984 de Haar, Gallagher y Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), la cual está también disponible en EES como la rutina STEAM. La nueva formulación se basa en las correlaciones de Saul y Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) con modificaciones para ajustarla a la Escala Internacional de Temperaturas de 1990. Las modificaciones están descritas por Wagner y Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). Las propiedades del hielo están basadas en Hyland y Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K a 473.15 K”, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa
Temp. sat., Tsat °C
Líq. sat., vf
Vapor sat., vg
Energía interna, kJ/kg
Entalpía, kJ/kg
Entropía, kJ/kg · K
Líq. sat., uf
Evap., ufg
Vapor sat., ug
Líq. sat, hf
Evap., hfg
Vapor sat., hg
Líq. sat., sf
Evap., sfg
Vapor sat., sg
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
6.97 13.02 17.50 21.08 24.08
0.001000 129.19 0.001001 87.964 0.001001 66.990 0.001002 54.242 0.001003 45.654
29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98
2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9
2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9
29.303 54.688 73.433 88.424 100.98
2484.4 2470.1 2459.5 2451.0 2443.9
2513.7 2524.7 2532.9 2539.4 2544.8
0.1059 0.1956 0.2606 0.3118 0.3543
8.8690 8.6314 8.4621 8.3302 8.2222
8.9749 8.8270 8.7227 8.6421 8.5765
4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15
28.96 32.87 40.29 45.81 53.97
0.001004 0.001005 0.001008 0.001010 0.001014
121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93
2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1
2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0
121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94
2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3
2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3
0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549
8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522
8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071
20 25 30 40 50
60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32
0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030
7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403
251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49
2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7
2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2
251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54
2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7
2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2
0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912
7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019
7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931
75 100 101.325 125 150
91.76 99.61 99.97 105.97 111.35
0.001037 0.001043 0.001043 0.001048 0.001053
2.2172 1.6941 1.6734 1.3750 1.1594
384.36 417.40 418.95 444.23 466.97
2111.8 2088.2 2087.0 2068.8 2052.3
2496.1 2505.6 2506.0 2513.0 2519.2
384.44 417.51 419.06 444.36 467.13
2278.0 2257.5 2256.5 2240.6 2226.0
2662.4 2675.0 2675.6 2684.9 2693.1
1.2132 1.3028 1.3069 1.3741 1.4337
6.2426 6.0562 6.0476 5.9100 5.7894
7.4558 7.3589 7.3545 7.2841 7.2231
175 200 225 250 275
116.04 120.21 123.97 127.41 130.58
0.001057 0.001061 0.001064 0.001067 0.001070
1.0037 0.88578 0.79329 0.71873 0.65732
486.82 504.50 520.47 535.08 548.57
2037.7 2024.6 2012.7 2001.8 1991.6
2524.5 2529.1 2533.2 2536.8 2540.1
487.01 504.71 520.71 535.35 548.86
2213.1 2201.6 2191.0 2181.2 2172.0
2700.2 2706.3 2711.7 2716.5 2720.9
1.4850 1.5302 1.5706 1.6072 1.6408
5.6865 5.5968 5.5171 5.4453 5.3800
7.1716 7.1270 7.0877 7.0525 7.0207
300 325 350 375 400
133.52 136.27 138.86 141.30 143.61
0.001073 0.001076 0.001079 0.001081 0.001084
0.60582 0.56199 0.52422 0.49133 0.46242
561.11 572.84 583.89 594.32 604.22
1982.1 1973.1 1964.6 1956.6 1948.9
2543.2 2545.9 2548.5 2550.9 2553.1
561.43 573.19 584.26 594.73 604.66
2163.5 2155.4 2147.7 2140.4 2133.4
2724.9 2728.6 2732.0 2735.1 2738.1
1.6717 1.7005 1.7274 1.7526 1.7765
5.3200 5.2645 5.2128 5.1645 5.1191
6.9917 6.9650 6.9402 6.9171 6.8955
450 500 550 600 650
147.90 151.83 155.46 158.83 161.98
0.001088 0.001093 0.001097 0.001101 0.001104
0.41392 0.37483 0.34261 0.31560 0.29260
622.65 639.54 655.16 669.72 683.37
1934.5 1921.2 1908.8 1897.1 1886.1
2557.1 2560.7 2563.9 2566.8 2569.4
623.14 640.09 655.77 670.38 684.08
2120.3 2108.0 2096.6 2085.8 2075.5
2743.4 2748.1 2752.4 2756.2 2759.6
1.8205 1.8604 1.8970 1.9308 1.9623
5.0356 4.9603 4.8916 4.8285 4.7699
6.8561 6.8207 6.7886 6.7593 6.7322
700 750
164.95 167.75
0.001108 0.001111
0.27278 696.23 0.25552 708.40
1875.6 1865.6
2571.8 2574.0
697.00 709.24
2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837
34.791 28.185 19.233 14.670 10.020
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TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa
Temp. sat., Tsat °C
Líq. sat., vf
Vapor sat., vg
Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., uf
Evap., ufg
Entalpía, kJ/kg
Entropía, kJ/kg · K
Vapor sat., ug
Líq. sat, hf
Evap., hfg
Vapor sat., hg
Líq. sat., sf
Evap., sfg
Vapor sat., sg
800 850 900 950 1000
170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88
0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127
0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436
719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39
1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4
2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8
720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51
2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6
2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1
2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381
4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470
6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29
0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154
0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171
779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82
1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6
2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4
781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55
1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4
2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0
2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143
4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287
6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430
1750 2000 2250 2500 3000
205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85
0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217
0.11344 876.12 0.099587 906.12 0.088717 933.54 0.079952 958.87 0.066667 1004.6
1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5
2596.7 878.16 2599.1 908.47 2600.9 936.21 2602.1 961.87 2603.2 1008.3
1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9
2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2
2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454
4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402
6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856
3500 4000 5000 6000 7000
242.56 250.35 263.94 275.59 285.83
0.001235 0.001252 0.001286 0.001319 0.001352
0.057061 0.049779 0.039448 0.032449 0.027378
1045.4 1082.4 1148.1 1205.8 1258.0
1557.6 1519.3 1448.9 1384.1 1323.0
2603.0 2601.7 2597.0 2589.9 2581.0
1049.7 1087.4 1154.5 1213.8 1267.5
1753.0 1713.5 1639.7 1570.9 1505.2
2802.7 2800.8 2794.2 2784.6 2772.6
2.7253 2.7966 2.9207 3.0275 3.1220
3.3991 3.2731 3.0530 2.8627 2.6927
6.1244 6.0696 5.9737 5.8902 5.8148
8000 9000 10,000 11,000 12,000
295.01 303.35 311.00 318.08 324.68
0.001384 0.001418 0.001452 0.001488 0.001526
0.023525 0.020489 0.018028 0.015988 0.014264
1306.0 1350.9 1393.3 1433.9 1473.0
1264.5 1207.6 1151.8 1096.6 1041.3
2570.5 2558.5 2545.2 2530.4 2514.3
1317.1 1363.7 1407.8 1450.2 1491.3
1441.6 1379.3 1317.6 1256.1 1194.1
2758.7 2742.9 2725.5 2706.3 2685.4
3.2077 3.2866 3.3603 3.4299 3.4964
2.5373 2.3925 2.2556 2.1245 1.9975
5.7450 5.6791 5.6159 5.5544 5.4939
13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000
330.85 336.67 342.16 347.36 352.29
0.001566 0.001610 0.001657 0.001710 0.001770
0.012781 0.011487 0.010341 0.009312 0.008374
1511.0 1548.4 1585.5 1622.6 1660.2
985.5 928.7 870.3 809.4 745.1
2496.6 2477.1 2455.7 2432.0 2405.4
1531.4 1571.0 1610.3 1649.9 1690.3
1131.3 1067.0 1000.5 931.1 857.4
2662.7 2637.9 2610.8 2581.0 2547.7
3.5606 3.6232 3.6848 3.7461 3.8082
1.8730 1.7497 1.6261 1.5005 1.3709
5.4336 5.3728 5.3108 5.2466 5.1791
18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 22,064
356.99 361.47 365.75 369.83 373.71 373.95
0.001840 0.001926 0.002038 0.002207 0.002703 0.003106
0.007504 0.006677 0.005862 0.004994 0.003644 0.003106
1699.1 1740.3 1785.8 1841.6 1951.7 2015.7
675.9 598.9 509.0 391.9 140.8 0
2375.0 2339.2 2294.8 2233.5 2092.4 2015.7
1732.2 1776.8 1826.6 1888.0 2011.1 2084.3
777.8 689.2 585.5 450.4 161.5 0
2510.0 2466.0 2412.1 2338.4 2172.6 2084.3
3.8720 3.9396 4.0146 4.1071 4.2942 4.4070
1.2343 1.0860 0.9164 0.7005 0.2496 0
5.1064 5.0256 4.9310 4.8076 4.5439 4.4070
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T °C
u kJ/kg
v m3/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* Sat.† 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604
2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4
2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4
8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857
P 0.20 MPa (120.21°C) Sat. 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026
Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214
2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1
2706.3 7.1270 2769.1 7.2810 2870.7 7.5081 2971.2 7.7100 3072.1 7.8941 3277.0 8.2236 3487.7 8.5153 3704.8 8.7793 3928.8 9.0221 4159.8 9.2479 4397.7 9.4598 4642.3 9.6599 4893.3 9.8497 5150.4 10.0304 5413.1 10.2029
P 0.50 MPa (151.83°C) 2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6
2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6
6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797
u kJ/kg
v m3/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.05 MPa (81.32°C) 2483.2
2645.2
7.5931
3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209
2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3
2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3
7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429
P 0.30 MPa (133.52°C) 2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9
2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157
P 0.60 MPa (158.83°C) 0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012
2566.8 2639.4 2721.2 2801.4 2881.6 2962.5 3128.2 3299.8 3478.1 3663.2 3855.1 4053.8 4258.8 4469.8 4686.4
2756.2 2850.6 2957.6 3062.0 3166.1 3270.8 3483.4 3701.7 3926.4 4157.9 4396.2 4641.1 4892.4 5149.6 5412.5
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.10 MPa (99.61°C)
3.2403
0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019
v m3/kg
6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955
1.6941 2505.6
2675.0
1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605
2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229
2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2
7.3589
P 0.40 MPa (143.61°C) 0.46242 0.47088 0.53434 0.59520 0.65489 0.77265 0.88936 1.00558 1.12152 1.23730 1.35298 1.46859 1.58414 1.69966 1.81516
2553.1 2564.4 2647.2 2726.4 2805.1 2964.9 3129.8 3301.0 3479.0 3663.9 3855.7 4054.3 4259.2 4470.2 4686.7
2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8
6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828
P 0.80 MPa (170.41°C) 0.24035 0.26088 0.29321 0.32416 0.35442 0.38429 0.44332 0.50186 0.56011 0.61820 0.67619 0.73411 0.79197 0.84980 0.90761
2576.0 2631.1 2715.9 2797.5 2878.6 2960.2 3126.6 3298.7 3477.2 3662.5 3854.5 4053.3 4258.3 4469.4 4686.1
2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2
6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625
www.FreeLibros.org *La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. †
Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada.
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895
TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °C
u kJ/kg
v m3/kg
h kJ/kg
s v kJ/kg K m3/kg
P 1.00 MPa (179.88C) Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610
2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8
2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9
6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593
P 1.60 MPa (201.37C) Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383
Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048
2594.8 2792.8 2645.1 2857.8 2692.9 2919.9 2781.6 3035.4 2866.6 3146.0 2950.8 3254.9 3120.1 3472.6 3293.9 3693.9 3473.5 3920.5 3659.5 4153.4 3852.1 4392.6 4051.2 4638.2 4256.6 4890.0 4467.9 5147.7 4684.8 5410.9
6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418
P 2.50 MPa (223.95C) 2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4
2801.9 6.2558 2805.5 6.2629 2880.9 6.4107 3009.6 6.6459 3127.0 6.8424 3240.1 7.0170 3351.6 7.1768 3462.8 7.3254 3686.8 7.5979 3915.2 7.8455 4149.2 8.0744 4389.3 8.2882 4635.6 8.4897 4887.9 8.6804 5146.0 8.8618 5409.5 9.0349
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 1.20 MPa (187.96C) 0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509
2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5
2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6
6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750
P 1.80 MPa (207.11C) 0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025 0.15460 0.16849 0.19551 0.22200 0.24822 0.27426 0.30020 0.32606 0.35188 0.37766 0.40341
2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4 2863.6 2948.3 3118.5 3292.7 3472.6 3658.8 3851.5 4050.7 4256.2 4467.6 4684.5
2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9 3141.9 3251.6 3470.4 3692.3 3919.4 4152.4 4391.9 4637.6 4889.6 5147.3 5410.6
6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246 7.0120 7.1814 7.4845 7.7543 8.0005 8.2284 8.4417 8.6427 8.8331 9.0143 9.1872
P 3.00 MPa (233.85C)
u kJ/kg
v m3/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 1.40 MPa (195.04C) 0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866
2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1
2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3
6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036
P 2.00 MPa (212.38C) 0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551 0.13860 0.15122 0.17568 0.19962 0.22326 0.24674 0.27012 0.29342 0.31667 0.33989 0.36308
2599.1 2798.3 6.3390 2628.5 2836.1 6.4160 2680.3 2903.3 6.5475 2773.2 3024.2 6.7684 2860.5 3137.7 6.9583 2945.9 3248.4 7.1292 3116.9 3468.3 7.4337 3291.5 3690.7 7.7043 3471.7 3918.2 7.9509 3658.0 4151.5 8.1791 3850.9 4391.1 8.3925 4050.2 4637.1 8.5936 4255.7 4889.1 8.7842 4467.2 5147.0 8.9654 4684.2 5410.3 9.1384
P 3.50 MPa (242.56C)
0.06667
2603.2
2803.2
6.1856
0.05706
2603.0
2802.7 6.1244
0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207
2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6
2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8
6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502
0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750
2624.0 2829.7 2738.8 2978.4 2836.0 3104.9 2927.2 3223.2 3016.1 3338.1 3104.5 3451.7 3282.5 3678.9 3464.7 3909.3 3652.5 4144.6 3846.4 4385.7 4046.4 4632.7 4252.5 4885.6 4464.4 5144.1 4681.8 5408.0
6.1764 6.4484 6.6601 6.8428 7.0074 7.1593 7.4357 7.6855 7.9156 8.1304 8.3324 8.5236 8.7053 8.8786
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °C
v m3/kg
u kJ/kg
Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157
h kJ/kg
s v kJ/kg K m3/kg
P 4.0 MPa (250.35C) 2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9
2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2
6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164
P 6.0 MPa (275.59C) Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107
2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7
2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1
5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273
P 9.0 MPa (303.35C) Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.020489 0.023284 0.025816 0.029960 0.033524 0.036793 0.039885 0.042861 0.045755 0.048589 0.054132 0.059562 0.064919 0.070224 0.075492 0.080733
2558.5 2647.6 2725.0 2849.2 2956.3 3056.3 3153.0 3248.4 3343.4 3438.8 3632.0 3829.6 4032.4 4240.7 4454.2 4672.9
2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5
5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s v kJ/kg K m3/kg
P 4.5 MPa (257.44C) 0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140
2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1
2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5
6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616
P 7.0 MPa (285.83C) 0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958 0.044187 0.048157 0.051966 0.055665 0.062850 0.069856 0.076750 0.083571 0.090341 0.097075 0.103781
2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5 2979.0 3074.3 3167.9 3261.0 3448.3 3639.5 3835.7 4037.5 4245.0 4457.9 4676.1
2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6
5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551
P 10.0 MPa (311.00C) 0.018028 0.019877 0.022440 0.026436 0.029782 0.032811 0.035655 0.038378 0.041018 0.043597 0.048629 0.053547 0.058391 0.063183 0.067938 0.072667
2545.2 2611.6 2699.6 2833.1 2944.5 3047.0 3145.4 3242.0 3338.0 3434.0 3628.2 3826.5 4029.9 4238.5 4452.4 4671.3
2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0
5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 5.0 MPa (263.94C) 0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527
2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3
2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7
5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124
P 8.0 MPa (295.01C) 0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344 0.038194 0.041767 0.045172 0.048463 0.054829 0.061011 0.067082 0.073079 0.079025 0.084934 0.090817
2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6 2967.8 3065.4 3160.5 3254.7 3443.6 3635.7 3832.7 4035.0 4242.8 4456.1 4674.5
2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4 3273.3 3399.5 3521.8 3642.4 3882.2 4123.8 4369.3 4619.6 4875.0 5135.5 5401.0
5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658 6.5579 6.7266 6.8800 7.0221 7.2822 7.5185 7.7372 7.9419 8.1350 8.3181 8.4925
P 12.5 MPa (327.81C) 0.013496 2505.6
2674.3 5.4638
0.016138 0.020030 0.023019 0.025630 0.028033 0.030306 0.032491 0.034612 0.038724 0.042720 0.046641 0.050510 0.054342 0.058147
2826.6 3040.0 3201.5 3343.6 3476.5 3604.6 3730.2 3854.6 4102.8 4352.9 4606.5 4864.5 5127.0 5394.1
2624.9 2789.6 2913.7 3023.2 3126.1 3225.8 3324.1 3422.0 3618.8 3818.9 4023.5 4233.1 4447.7 4667.3
5.7130 6.0433 6.2749 6.4651 6.6317 6.7828 6.9227 7.0540 7.2967 7.5195 7.7269 7.9220 8.1065 8.2819
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u kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °C
v m3/kg
u kJ/kg
Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 15.0 MPa (342.16C) 2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3
2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3
5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952
v m3/kg
0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115
1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2
1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1
0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239
1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3
1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8
s v kJ/kg K m3/kg
P 17.5 MPa (354.67C)
P 20.0 MPa (365.75C) 4.9310
0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556
0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371
5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574
2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2
2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5
5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215
P 30.0 MPa 4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494
0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279
1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9 2824.0 2974.5 3103.4 3221.7 3334.3 3551.2 3764.6 3978.6 4195.2 4415.3 4639.2
1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0 3084.8 3279.7 3446.8 3599.4 3743.9 4020.0 4288.8 4555.8 4823.9 5094.2 5367.6
0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620
1638.6 1787.8 1960.3 2160.3 2528.1 2769.5 2947.1 3095.6 3228.7 3472.2 3702.0 3927.4 4152.2 4378.6 4607.5
1716.6 1874.4 2060.7 2284.7 2722.6 3025.4 3252.6 3443.5 3614.6 3925.8 4216.8 4499.4 4778.9 5058.1 5338.5
2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2
2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7
P 35.0 MPa 3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602
0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827
P 50.0 MPa 3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175
h kJ/kg
0.005862 2294.8 2412.1
P 40.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
h kJ/kg
0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435
P 25.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
u kJ/kg
1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2
1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2
3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841
P 60.0 MPa 3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048
0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213
1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8
1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5
3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-7 Agua líquida comprimida T °C
u kJ/kg
v m3/kg
h kJ/kg
s v kJ/kg K m3/kg
P 5 MPa (263.94C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9
u kJ/kg
0.0020378 0.0009904 0.0009929 0.0009992 0.0010084 0.0010199 0.0010337 0.0010496 0.0010679 0.0010886 0.0011122 0.0011390 0.0011697 0.0012053 0.0012472 0.0012978 0.0013611 0.0014450 0.0015693 0.0018248
1785.8 0.23 82.71 165.17 247.75 330.50 413.50 496.85 580.71 665.28 750.78 837.49 925.77 1016.1 1109.0 1205.6 1307.2 1416.6 1540.2 1703.6
1826.6 20.03 102.57 185.16 267.92 350.90 434.17 517.84 602.07 687.05 773.02 860.27 949.16 1040.2 1134.0 1231.5 1334.4 1445.5 1571.6 1740.1
s v kJ/kg K m3/kg
P 10 MPa (311.00C) 2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841
0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980
P 20 MPa (365.75C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
h kJ/kg
1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4
1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3
u kJ/kg
0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729
0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0
29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2
s kJ/kg K
P 15 MPa (342.16C) 3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488
0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311
P 30 MPa 4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787
h kJ/kg
1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9
1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4
3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555
P 50 MPa 0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026
0.0009767 0.0009805 0.0009872 0.0009962 0.0010072 0.0010201 0.0010349 0.0010517 0.0010704 0.0010914 0.0011149 0.0011412 0.0011708 0.0012044 0.0012430 0.0012879 0.0013409 0.0014049 0.0014848 0.0015884
0.29 80.93 161.90 243.08 324.42 405.94 487.69 569.77 652.33 735.49 819.45 904.39 990.55 1078.2 1167.7 1259.6 1354.3 1452.9 1556.5 1667.1
49.13 0.0010 129.95 0.2845 211.25 0.5528 292.88 0.8055 374.78 1.0442 456.94 1.2705 539.43 1.4859 622.36 1.6916 705.85 1.8889 790.06 2.0790 875.19 2.2628 961.45 2.4414 1049.1 2.6156 1138.4 2.7864 1229.9 2.9547 1324.0 3.1218 1421.4 3.2888 1523.1 3.4575 1630.7 3.6301 1746.5 3.8102
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TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 899
Apéndice 1
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899
TABLA A-8 Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Volumen específico, m3/kg
Energía interna, kJ/kg
Entalpía, kJ/kg
Entropía, kJ/kg · K
Temp., T °C
Pres. sat., Psat kPa
Hielo sat, vi
Vapor sat., vg
Hielo sat., ui
Subl., uig
Vapor sat., ug
Hielo sat., hi
Subl., hig
Vapor sat., hg
Hielo sat., si
Subl., sig
Vapor sat., sg
0.01 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285
0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085 0.001085 0.001085 0.001084
205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4 5460.1 6750.5 8376.7
333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.94 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70
2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7
2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0
333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.93 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70
2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3
2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6
1.2202 1.2204 1.2358 1.2513 1.2667 1.2821 1.2976 1.3130 1.3284 1.3439 1.3593 1.3748 1.3903 1.4057 1.4212 1.4367 1.4521 1.4676 1.4831 1.4986 1.5141 1.5296
10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174
9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644
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1
h = 400
0 0
%
600
3
2400
2000
0 60
4
00 50%
5 0 20 00
3200
3400
4000 3800
3600
4500
6
h h= =4200 k J /k
00
h=
7
10 kg /m 3
6
7
26 h00= 24 kJ/ 00 kg GCa rlaidn atída== 9900% % 70 80% %
Va po rs atu ra do
22 00
g
0 10 80 0 6
0 80 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 35 00 3 0 25 0 20 0 15
5 Entropía, kJ/kg · K
18
kg kJ/
200
8
1 kg/m 3
9
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
h = 5000 kJ/kg
g/m 3
0.3 kg/m 3
3 kg/m 3
8
9
2650 h = 2600 2650 kJ/kg 2550
2800
2900
3000
3100
1100
0 10
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
10 1200
Copyright © 1984. De NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 por Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher y George S. Kell. Reproducido con permiso de Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
2
20
800
ad lid Ca
0% =1
o
uid
Líq
do ura sat
0 140
1000
0 100
0 120
0 1 60
1800
h
0 300 0 8 2 0
2600
200 kJ/kg =h 2=
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
4 550 1
800
0 120
60%
FIGURA A-9 Diagrama T-s para el agua.
Temperatura, °C
50 00 0
900
3
300 k g/m 3
1000
2
100 k g/m 3
1100
1
140
30 %
30 kg /m 3
40 30 20 15 10
kg/m 3 0.1
P= 300 20 00 b 15 000 ar 100 000 80000 0 D ensi 50 dad 4 00 6000 = kg 30000 /m 3 0 20 0 15 00 00
1
40%
3k 0.0 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 5 0.08 0. 1 6 0. 0 0.04 3 0.0 0.02 15 D
kg/m 3 0.01 d= ens ida 8
|
0.0 0
900
0. 0 006 0. .004 0 0. 03 00 2
0 1200
TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 900
Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
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TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 901
Apéndice 1
5000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
901
10 5000
°C 1100°C
C 0°
0
T=
11
°C 1000°C
0°C 400°
98% 96% Ca 9 4% lid ad= 92% 90% 88 86% % 84% 82% 80 78% % 76 74 % 72 % 70 % 68 % %
0°C T = 300°
2000
3000
0. 0. 3 0 0. .08 0.12 0 0 0. 6 .1 5 04 0.0 0.0 5 0. 3 01 0. 5 01
0 0. .8 0.4 6
8 6 4
3 2 1.5 1.0
5
De nsi da
d=
0.01
0.1 kg/m 3
kg/m 3
/m 3
1 kg
150 00
200 00
250 00
300 00 bar
C 800°°C
P=
4000
C 700°°C
0°C 600°
3000 0°C 500°
Entalpía, kJ/kg
Densi 100 dad = 00 1000 800 kg/m 3 0 600 0 500 40000 3000 20 15 00 800 10 00 00 6 40000 5 00 30 2000 1 00 kg/m 3 80 1150 00 60 40 50 30 20 15 10 k 10 g/m 3
°C 900°C
4000
02 0.
P
=
r ba 08 0.0
2000
% 66 % 64 % 62 % 60 % 58 56% 54% 52% 50% 48% 46% 44% 42% 40%
1000
2
3
4
5
6 Entropía, kJ/kg · K
7
8
9
1000 10
FIGURA A-10 Diagrama de Mollier para el agua. Copyright © 1984. De NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 por Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher y George S. Kell. Reproducido con permiso de Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Volumen específico, m3/kg
Energía interna, kJ/kg
Pres. Líq. Temp., sat., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf
Vapor sat., vg
Líq. sat., uf
Evap., ufg
Vapor sat., ug
40 38 36 34 32
51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71
0.0007054 0.0007083 0.0007112 0.0007142 0.0007172
0.36081 0.32732 0.29751 0.27090 0.24711
0.036 2.475 4.992 7.517 10.05
207.40 206.04 204.67 203.29 201.91
30 28 26 24 22
84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72
0.0007203 0.0007234 0.0007265 0.0007297 0.0007329
0.22580 0.20666 0.18946 0.17395 0.15995
12.59 15.13 17.69 20.25 22.82
20 18 16 14 12
132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37
0.0007362 0.0007396 0.0007430 0.0007464 0.0007499
0.14729 0.13583 0.12542 0.11597 0.10736
10 8 6 4 2
200.74 217.08 234.44 252.85 272.36
0.0007535 0.0007571 0.0007608 0.0007646 0.0007684
0 2 4 6 8
293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88
10 12 14 16 18
414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52
Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf
Entropía, kJ/kg · K
Evap., hfg
Vapor sat., hg
Líq. sat., sf
Evap., sfg
Vapor sat., sg
207.37 0.000 208.51 2.515 209.66 5.037 210.81 7.566 211.96 10.10
225.86 224.61 223.35 222.09 220.81
225.86 227.12 228.39 229.65 230.91
0.00000 0.01072 0.02138 0.03199 0.04253
0.96866 0.95511 0.94176 0.92859 0.91560
0.96866 0.96584 0.96315 0.96058 0.95813
200.52 199.12 197.72 196.30 194.88
213.11 214.25 215.40 216.55 217.70
12.65 15.20 17.76 20.33 22.91
219.52 232.17 218.22 233.43 216.92 234.68 215.59 235.92 214.26 s237.17
0.05301 0.06344 0.07382 0.08414 0.09441
0.90278 0.89012 0.87762 0.86527 0.85307
0.95579 0.95356 0.95144 0.94941 0.94748
25.39 27.98 30.57 33.17 35.78
193.45 192.01 190.56 189.09 187.62
218.84 219.98 221.13 222.27 223.40
25.49 28.09 30.69 33.30 35.92
212.91 211.55 210.18 208.79 207.38
238.41 239.64 240.87 242.09 243.30
0.10463 0.11481 0.12493 0.13501 0.14504
0.84101 0.82908 0.81729 0.80561 0.79406
0.94564 0.94389 0.94222 0.94063 0.93911
0.099516 0.092352 0.085802 0.079804 0.074304
38.40 41.03 43.66 46.31 48.96
186.14 184.64 183.13 181.61 180.08
224.54 225.67 226.80 227.92 229.04
38.55 41.19 43.84 46.50 49.17
205.96 204.52 203.07 201.60 200.11
244.51 245.72 246.91 248.10 249.28
0.15504 0.16498 0.17489 0.18476 0.19459
0.78263 0.77130 0.76008 0.74896 0.73794
0.93766 0.93629 0.93497 0.93372 0.93253
0.0007723 0.0007763 0.0007804 0.0007845 0.0007887
0.069255 0.064612 0.060338 0.056398 0.052762
51.63 54.30 56.99 59.68 62.39
178.53 176.97 175.39 173.80 172.19
230.16 231.27 232.38 233.48 234.58
51.86 54.55 57.25 59.97 62.69
198.60 197.07 195.51 193.94 192.35
250.45 251.61 252.77 253.91 255.04
0.20439 0.21415 0.22387 0.23356 0.24323
0.72701 0.71616 0.70540 0.69471 0.68410
0.93139 0.93031 0.92927 0.92828 0.92733
0.0007930 0.0007975 0.0008020 0.0008066 0.0008113
0.049403 0.046295 0.043417 0.040748 0.038271
65.10 67.83 70.57 73.32 76.08
170.56 168.92 167.26 165.58 163.88
235.67 236.75 237.83 238.90 239.96
65.43 68.18 70.95 73.73 76.52
190.73 189.09 187.42 185.73 184.01
256.16 257.27 258.37 259.46 260.53
0.25286 0.26246 0.27204 0.28159 0.29112
0.67356 0.66308 0.65266 0.64230 0.63198
0.92641 0.92554 0.92470 0.92389 0.92310
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903
TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres. Líq. Temp., sat., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf
Vapor sat., vg
Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., uf
Evap., ufg
Vapor sat., ug
Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf
Entropía, kJ/kg · K
Evap., hfg
Vapor sat., hg
Líq. sat., sf
Evap., sfg
Vapor sat., sg
20 22 24 26 28
572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31
0.0008161 0.0008210 0.0008261 0.0008313 0.0008366
0.035969 0.033828 0.031834 0.029976 0.028242
78.86 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09
162.16 160.42 158.65 156.87 155.05
241.02 242.06 243.10 244.12 245.14
79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.69
182.27 180.49 178.69 176.85 174.99
261.59 262.64 263.67 264.68 265.68
0.30063 0.31011 0.31958 0.32903 0.33846
0.62172 0.61149 0.60130 0.59115 0.58102
0.92234 0.92160 0.92088 0.92018 0.91948
30 32 34 36 38
770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68
0.0008421 0.0008478 0.0008536 0.0008595 0.0008657
0.026622 0.025108 0.023691 0.022364 0.021119
92.93 95.79 98.66 101.55 104.45
153.22 151.35 149.46 147.54 145.58
246.14 247.14 248.12 249.08 250.04
93.58 96.48 99.40 102.33 105.29
173.08 171.14 169.17 167.16 165.10
266.66 267.62 268.57 269.49 270.39
0.34789 0.35730 0.36670 0.37609 0.38548
0.57091 0.56082 0.55074 0.54066 0.53058
0.91879 0.91811 0.91743 0.91675 0.91606
40 42 44 46 48
1017.1 1072.8 1130.7 1191.0 1253.6
0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854 0.0008924 0.0008996
0.019952 0.018855 0.017824 0.016853 0.015939
107.38 110.32 113.28 116.26 119.26
143.60 141.58 139.52 137.42 135.29
250.97 251.89 252.80 253.68 254.55
108.26 111.26 114.28 117.32 120.39
163.00 160.86 158.67 156.43 154.14
271.27 272.12 272.95 273.75 274.53
0.39486 0.40425 0.41363 0.42302 0.43242
0.52049 0.51039 0.50027 0.49012 0.47993
0.91536 0.91464 0.91391 0.91315 0.91236
52 56 60 65 70 75
1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8
0.0009150 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009750 0.0010037 0.0010372
0.014265 0.012771 0.011434 0.009950 0.008642 0.007480
125.33 131.49 137.76 145.77 154.01 162.53
130.88 126.28 121.46 115.05 108.14 100.60
256.21 257.77 259.22 260.82 262.15 263.13
126.59 132.91 139.36 147.62 156.13 164.98
149.39 144.38 139.10 132.02 124.32 115.85
275.98 277.30 278.46 279.64 280.46 280.82
0.45126 0.47018 0.48920 0.51320 0.53755 0.56241
0.45941 0.43863 0.41749 0.39039 0.36227 0.33272
0.91067 0.90880 0.90669 0.90359 0.89982 0.89512
80 85 90 95 100
2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1
0.0010772 0.0011270 0.0011932 0.0012933 0.0015269
0.006436 0.005486 0.004599 0.003726 0.002630
171.40 180.77 190.89 202.40 218.72
92.23 82.67 71.29 56.47 29.19
263.63 263.44 262.18 258.87 247.91
174.24 184.07 194.76 207.05 224.79
106.35 95.44 82.35 65.21 33.58
280.59 279.51 277.11 272.26 258.37
0.58800 0.61473 0.64336 0.67578 0.72217
0.30111 0.26644 0.22674 0.17711 0.08999
0.88912 0.88117 0.87010 0.85289 0.81215
Fuente: Las tablas A-11 a A-13 se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la R134a, la cual está basada en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An Internacional Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F).
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-12 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa
Temp. sat., Tsat °C
Líq. sat., vf
Energía interna, kJ/kg
Vapor sat., vg
Líq. sat., uf
Vapor Evap., sat., ufg ug
Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf
Entropía, kJ/kg · K
Vapor Evap., sat., hfg hg
Líq. sat., sf
Evap., sfg
Vapor sat., sg
60 70 80 90 100
36.95 33.87 31.13 28.65 26.37
0.0007098 0.0007144 0.0007185 0.0007223 0.0007259
0.31121 0.26929 0.23753 0.21263 0.19254
3.798 7.680 11.15 14.31 17.21
205.32 203.20 201.30 199.57 197.98
209.12 210.88 212.46 213.88 215.19
3.841 7.730 11.21 14.37 17.28
223.95 222.00 220.25 218.65 217.16
227.79 229.73 231.46 233.02 234.44
0.01634 0.03267 0.04711 0.06008 0.07188
0.94807 0.92775 0.90999 0.89419 0.87995
0.96441 0.96042 0.95710 0.95427 0.95183
120 140 160 180 200
22.32 18.77 15.60 12.73 10.09
0.0007324 0.0007383 0.0007437 0.0007487 0.0007533
0.16212 0.14014 0.12348 0.11041 0.099867
22.40 26.98 31.09 34.83 38.28
195.11 192.57 190.27 188.16 186.21
217.51 219.54 221.35 222.99 224.48
22.49 27.08 31.21 34.97 38.43
214.48 212.08 209.90 207.90 206.03
236.97 239.16 241.11 242.86 244.46
0.09275 0.11087 0.12693 0.14139 0.15457
0.85503 0.83368 0.81496 0.79826 0.78316
0.94779 0.94456 0.94190 0.93965 0.93773
240 280 320 360 400
5.38 1.25 2.46 5.82 8.91
0.0007620 0.0007699 0.0007772 0.0007841 0.0007907
0.083897 0.072352 0.063604 0.056738 0.051201
44.48 49.97 54.92 59.44 63.62
182.67 179.50 176.61 173.94 171.45
227.14 229.46 231.52 233.38 235.07
44.66 50.18 55.16 59.72 63.94
202.62 199.54 196.71 194.08 191.62
247.28 249.72 251.88 253.81 255.55
0.17794 0.19829 0.21637 0.23270 0.24761
0.75664 0.73381 0.71369 0.69566 0.67929
0.93458 0.93210 0.93006 0.92836 0.92691
450 500 550 600 650
12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20
0.0007985 0.0008059 0.0008130 0.0008199 0.0008266
0.045619 0.041118 0.037408 0.034295 0.031646
68.45 72.93 77.10 81.02 84.72
168.54 165.82 163.25 160.81 158.48
237.00 238.75 240.35 241.83 243.20
68.81 73.33 77.54 81.51 85.26
188.71 185.98 183.38 180.90 178.51
257.53 259.30 260.92 262.40 263.77
0.26465 0.28023 0.29461 0.30799 0.32051
0.66069 0.64377 0.62821 0.61378 0.60030
0.92535 0.92400 0.92282 0.92177 0.92081
700 750 800 850
26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45
0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008458 0.0008520
0.029361 0.027371 0.025621 0.024069
88.24 91.59 94.79 97.87
156.24 154.08 152.00 149.98
244.48 245.67 246.79 247.85
88.82 92.22 95.47 98.60
176.21 173.98 171.82 169.71
265.03 266.20 267.29 268.31
0.33230 0.34345 0.35404 0.36413
0.58763 0.57567 0.56431 0.55349
0.91994 0.91912 0.91835 0.91762
900 950 1000 1200 1400
35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40
0.0008580 0.0008641 0.0008700 0.0008934 0.0009166
0.022683 0.021438 0.020313 0.016715 0.014107
100.83 103.69 106.45 116.70 125.94
148.01 146.10 144.23 137.11 130.43
248.85 249.79 250.68 253.81 256.37
101.61 104.51 107.32 117.77 127.22
167.66 165.64 163.67 156.10 148.90
269.26 270.15 270.99 273.87 276.12
0.37377 0.38301 0.39189 0.42441 0.45315
0.54315 0.53323 0.52368 0.48863 0.45734
0.91692 0.91624 0.91558 0.91303 0.91050
1600 1800 2000 2500 3000
57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16
0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009886 0.0010566 0.0011406
0.012123 0.010559 0.009288 0.006936 0.005275
134.43 142.33 149.78 166.99 183.04
124.04 117.83 111.73 96.47 80.22
258.47 260.17 261.51 263.45 263.26
135.93 144.07 151.76 169.63 186.46
141.93 135.11 128.33 111.16 92.63
277.86 279.17 280.09 280.79 279.09
0.47911 0.50294 0.52509 0.57531 0.62118
0.42873 0.40204 0.37675 0.31695 0.25776
0.90784 0.90498 0.90184 0.89226 0.87894
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u kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado T °C
v m3/kg
Sat. 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.31121 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410
Sat. 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.11041 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622
Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
0.07235 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.06 MPa (Tsat 36.95°C) 209.12 220.60 227.55 234.66 241.92 249.35 256.95 264.71 272.64 280.73 288.99 297.41 306.00 314.74
227.79 240.76 248.58 256.54 264.66 272.94 281.37 289.97 298.74 307.66 316.75 326.00 335.42 344.99
0.9644 1.0174 1.0477 1.0774 1.1066 1.1353 1.1636 1.1915 1.2191 1.2463 1.2732 1.2997 1.3260 1.3520
P 0.18 MPa (Tsat 12.73°C) 222.99 225.02 232.48 240.00 247.64 255.41 263.31 271.36 279.56 287.91 296.42 305.07 313.88
242.86 245.16 253.58 262.04 270.59 279.25 288.05 296.98 306.05 315.27 324.63 334.14 343.80
0.9397 0.9484 0.9798 1.0102 1.0399 1.0690 1.0975 1.1256 1.1532 1.1805 1.2074 1.2339 1.2602
P 0.28 MPa (Tsat 1.25°C) 229.46 230.44 238.27 246.13 254.06 262.10 270.27 278.56 286.99 295.57 304.29 313.15 322.16 331.32 340.63 350.09
249.72 250.83 259.68 268.52 277.41 286.38 295.47 304.67 314.00 323.46 333.06 342.80 352.68 362.70 372.87 383.18
0.9321 0.9362 0.9680 0.9987 1.0285 1.0576 1.0862 1.1142 1.1418 1.1690 1.1958 1.2222 1.2483 1.2742 1.2997 1.3250
v m3/kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.10 MPa (Tsat 26.37°C) 0.19254 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138
215.19 219.66 226.75 233.95 241.30 248.79 256.44 264.25 272.22 280.35 288.64 297.08 305.69 314.46
234.44 239.50 247.49 255.58 263.81 272.17 280.68 289.34 298.16 307.13 316.26 325.55 334.99 344.60
0.9518 0.9721 1.0030 1.0332 1.0628 1.0918 1.1203 1.1484 1.1762 1.2035 1.2305 1.2572 1.2836 1.3096
P 0.20 MPa (Tsat 10.09°C) 0.09987 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933
224.48 224.55 232.09 239.67 247.35 255.14 263.08 271.15 279.37 287.73 296.25 304.92 313.74
244.46 244.54 253.05 261.58 270.18 278.89 287.72 296.68 305.78 315.01 324.40 333.93 343.60
0.9377 0.9380 0.9698 1.0004 1.0303 1.0595 1.0882 1.1163 1.1441 1.1714 1.1983 1.2249 1.2512
P 0.32 MPa (Tsat 2.46°C)
v m3/kg
h kJ/kg
P 0.14 MPa (Tsat 18.77°C) 0.14014
219.54
239.16
0.9446
0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449
225.91 233.23 240.66 248.22 255.93 263.79 271.79 279.96 288.28 296.75 305.38 314.17
246.36 254.60 262.93 271.38 279.97 288.70 297.57 306.59 315.77 325.09 334.57 344.20
0.9724 1.0031 1.0331 1.0624 1.0912 1.1195 1.1474 1.1749 1.2020 1.2288 1.2553 1.2814
P 0.24 MPa (Tsat 5.38°C) 0.08390
227.14
247.28
0.9346
0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398
231.29 238.98 246.74 254.61 262.59 270.71 278.97 287.36 295.91 304.60 313.44
251.97 260.65 269.36 278.16 287.06 296.08 305.23 314.51 323.93 333.49 343.20
0.9519 0.9831 1.0134 1.0429 1.0718 1.1001 1.1280 1.1554 1.1825 1.2092 1.2356
P 0.40 MPa (Tsat 8.91°C)
0.06360
231.52
251.88
0.9301
0.051201
235.07
255.55 0.9269
0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314
237.54 245.50 253.50 261.60 269.82 278.15 286.62 295.22 303.97 312.86 321.89 331.07 340.39 349.86
258.69 267.66 276.65 285.70 294.85 304.11 313.48 322.98 332.62 342.39 352.30 362.35 372.54 382.87
0.9544 0.9856 1.0157 1.0451 1.0739 1.1021 1.1298 1.1571 1.1840 1.2105 1.2367 1.2626 1.2882 1.3135
0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096
235.97 244.18 252.36 260.58 268.90 277.32 285.86 294.53 303.32 312.26 321.33 330.55 339.90 349.41
256.58 265.86 275.07 284.30 293.59 302.96 312.44 322.02 331.73 341.57 351.53 361.63 371.87 382.24
0.9305 0.9628 0.9937 1.0236 1.0528 1.0814 1.1094 1.1369 1.1640 1.1907 1.2171 1.2431 1.2688 1.2942
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °C
v m3/kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.50 MPa (Tsat 15.71°C) Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
0.041118 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775
238.75 242.40 250.84 259.26 267.72 276.25 284.89 293.64 302.51 311.50 320.63 329.89 339.29 348.83 358.51 368.33
259.30 263.46 273.01 282.48 291.96 301.50 311.10 320.80 330.61 340.53 350.57 360.73 371.03 381.46 392.02 402.72
0.9240 0.9383 0.9703 1.0011 1.0309 1.0599 1.0883 1.1162 1.1436 1.1705 1.1971 1.2233 1.2491 1.2747 1.2999 1.3249
P 0.80 MPa (Tsat 31.31°C) Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
0.025621 0.027035 0.028547 0.029973 0.031340 0.032659 0.033941 0.035193 0.036420 0.037625 0.038813 0.039985 0.041143 0.042290 0.043427 0.044554
246.79 254.82 263.86 272.83 281.81 290.84 299.95 309.15 318.45 327.87 337.40 347.06 356.85 366.76 376.81 386.99
267.29 276.45 286.69 296.81 306.88 316.97 327.10 337.30 347.59 357.97 368.45 379.05 389.76 400.59 411.55 422.64
0.9183 0.9480 0.9802 1.0110 1.0408 1.0698 1.0981 1.1258 1.1530 1.1798 1.2061 1.2321 1.2577 1.2830 1.3080 1.3327
P 1.20 MPa (Tsat 46.29°C) Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
0.016715 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020529 0.021506 0.022442 0.023348 0.024228 0.025086 0.025927 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029158
253.81 257.63 267.56 277.21 286.75 296.26 305.80 315.38 325.03 334.77 344.61 354.56 364.61 374.78 385.08
273.87 278.27 289.64 300.61 311.39 322.07 332.73 343.40 354.11 364.88 375.72 386.66 397.69 408.82 420.07
0.9130 0.9267 0.9614 0.9938 1.0248 1.0546 1.0836 1.1118 1.1394 1.1664 1.1930 1.2192 1.2449 1.2703 1.2954
v m3/kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg K
P 0.60 MPa (Tsat 21.55°C)
v m3/kg
u kJ/kg
h s kJ/kg kJ/kg K
P 0.70 MPa (Tsat 26.69°C)
0.034295
241.83
262.40
0.9218
0.029361
244.48
265.03
0.9199
0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006
249.22 257.86 266.48 275.15 283.89 292.73 301.67 310.73 319.91 329.23 338.67 348.25 357.96 367.81
270.81 280.58 290.28 299.98 309.73 319.55 329.46 339.47 349.59 359.82 370.18 380.66 391.27 402.01
0.9499 0.9816 1.0121 1.0417 1.0705 1.0987 1.1264 1.1536 1.1803 1.2067 1.2327 1.2584 1.2838 1.3088
0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597
247.48 256.39 265.20 274.01 282.87 291.80 300.82 309.95 319.19 328.55 338.04 347.66 357.41 367.29
268.45 278.57 288.53 298.42 308.33 318.28 328.29 338.40 348.60 358.90 369.32 379.86 390.52 401.31
0.9313 0.9641 0.9954 1.0256 1.0549 1.0835 1.1114 1.1389 1.1658 1.1924 1.2186 1.2444 1.2699 1.2951
P 0.90 MPa (Tsat 35.51°C) 0.022683 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423
248.85 253.13 262.44 271.60 280.72 289.86 299.06 308.34 317.70 327.18 336.76 346.46 356.28 366.23 376.31 386.52
269.26 274.17 284.77 295.13 305.39 315.63 325.89 336.19 346.56 357.02 367.58 378.23 389.00 399.88 410.88 422.00
0.9169 0.9327 0.9660 0.9976 1.0280 1.0574 1.0860 1.1140 1.1414 1.1684 1.1949 1.2210 1.2467 1.2721 1.2972 1.3221
P 1.40 MPa (Tsat 52.40°C)
P 1.00 MPa (Tsat 39.37°C) 0.020313 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317
250.68 251.30 260.94 270.32 279.59 288.86 298.15 307.51 316.94 326.47 336.11 345.85 355.71 365.70 375.81 386.04
270.99 271.71 282.74 293.38 303.85 314.25 324.64 335.06 345.53 356.06 366.69 377.40 388.22 399.15 410.20 421.36
0.9156 0.9179 0.9525 0.9850 1.0160 1.0458 1.0748 1.1031 1.1308 1.1580 1.1846 1.2109 1.2368 1.2623 1.2875 1.3124
P 1.60 MPa (Tsat 57.88°C)
0.014107
256.37
276.12
0.9105
0.012123
258.47
277.86
0.9078
0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757
264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.10
285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.76
0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2807
0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456
260.89 271.76 282.09 292.17 302.14 312.07 322.02 332.00 342.05 352.17 362.38 372.69 383.11
280.69 293.25 305.07 316.52 327.76 338.91 350.02 361.12 372.26 383.44 394.69 406.02 417.44
0.9163 0.9535 0.9875 1.0194 1.0500 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1632 1.1900 1.2163 1.2421 1.2676
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Apéndice 1
00 95 0 90 0 85 0 80 0
400
10
0
110
0
350
105
115
0
1250
kg/m 3
300
1200
1350
250
1300
1450
200
1400
10
150
1500
100 20
450
500
550
600
650
700
0
0
60
0 50
Densidad
10
160
100
120
2 40
24
1
16 12
0.4
8
0.4
2.4 8
2.4 0
2 2.3
2.2 4
s=
2.0 8
2.00
1.92
1.76
1.84
1.60
1.68
1.52
1.36
1.44
1.28
1.12
1.20
0.96
0.80
0.72
o satu rado
0.1
350
550
600
300
280
260
240
650
2.7 2
2.6 4
2.5 6 s=
8
500
0.04
0.6
2.4
400 450 Entalpía, kJ/kg
220
200
180
T = 160° 160°C 160 °C
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
–20
satura do –40
vapor
300
0.8
0.4
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
.5
250
0.6
–60
200
X=0
0.64
2.4
1.2
0.02
150
0.2
1.6
líquid
0.04
0.01 100
4 3.2
–40
0.1
1.04
–20
0.2
2.1 6k J/k gⵯⴢK
6
0.88
Presión, MPa
2
32
20
T = 0°C 0°C 0°
1
4
90 70 60 50 40
60
R-134a
750 20
/m3
= 200 kg
80
4
907
300
400
70
|
700
0.02
0.3
0.01 750
FIGURA A-14 Diagrama P-h para el refrigerante 134a. Nota: El punto de referencia utilizado para la gráfica es diferente al empleado en las tablas de R-134a. Por lo tanto, los problemas deberán resolverse utilizando todos los datos de propiedades obtenidos, ya sea de las tablas o de la gráfica, pero no de ambas. Reimpreso con autorización de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia.
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
a) Presiones bajas, 0 < PR < 1.0 TR = 5.00 3.00
1.0 0 .7 0.60 0.60
8.00 .00 6
5.00
2.00
4.00 3.50
0.
75 0
3.00 2.60 2.40 .20 2 2.00 1.80
0.9
0.8
0
1.60
1.40
1.60 .50 1 1.40 1.30
0.8
5
0.8
0.9
1.20
1.20 1.15
1.10
Pv RT
1.00 TR = 2.5 Z 1.00 TR = 15 TR = 3.00
NOTA
0.7
0.90
0.9
v R=
v
20 15 10 0 0.7
R
0.85 12
VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, v = ––—–––
RTcr / Pcr
0.4
0.90 0.00
0 1.
T Tcr
TR = —–
0.65
TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA,
0.95
0.7
T
2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90
30
Z
Gráfica núm. 1
0.60
P P = —– R Pcr
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA,
0.5
1.00
=
GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT
0.6
1.10 0.80 1.0 5
5
---DESVIACIÓN > 1.0%
R
FACTOR DE COMPRESIBILIDAD, Z = —–
0
1.30
0.80
vRr
0.75 0.10
0.05
PR
1953
0.3 0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P
R
b) Presiones intermedias, 0 < PR < 7 3.50
1.10 TR = 5.00 00
2.00 00 60 1.40 1. 20 1.
1.80
2.
00
3.
35.
1.00
0
0.90
Pv
FACTOR DE COMPRESIBILIDAD, Z = —– RT
2.50
0 1.0 80 7 0 0 .9 0. 0.
1.60
0 0.6
0.80
.50 =0 v R 0.45 0 0.4 5 0.3
1.50 1.40
0 0.3 1.30 0.25
0.70
0.60
.20 =0 vR
1.20 0.50
GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT
1.15 1.10
0.40
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA,
P PR = —– Pcr
TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA,
v VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, v = —– R RTcr / Pcr
1.05 0.30
0.5
1.0
Gráfica Núm. 2
1953
TR = 1.00 0.20 0.0
T TR = —– Tcr
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P
R
FIGURA A-15 Gráfica generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert. Con autorización del doctor Edward E. Obert, Universidad de Wisconsin.
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909
TABLA A-16 Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Altitud, m
Temperatura, °C
Presión, kPa
Gravedad g, m/s2
Velocidad del sonido, m/s
Densidad, kg/m3
Viscosidad m, kg/m · s
Conductividad térmica, W/m · K
0 200 400 600 800
15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80
101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08
9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804
340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2
1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134
1.789 1.783 1.777 1.771 1.764
105 105 105 105 105
0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30
89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49
9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801
336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3
1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027
1.758 1.752 1.745 1.739 1.732
105 105 105 105 105
0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
2.00 0.70 0.59 1.89 3.19
79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92
9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798
332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4
1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928
1.726 1.720 1.713 1.707 1.700
105 105 105 105 105
0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239
3000 3200 3400 3600 3800
4.49 5.79 7.09 8.39 9.69
70.12 68.36 66.63 64.94 63.28
9.797 9.797 9.796 9.796 9.795
328.6 327.8 327.0 326.2 325.4
0.909 0.891 0.872 0.854 0.837
1.694 1.687 1.681 1.674 1.668
105 105 105 105 105
0.0238 0.0237 0.0236 0.0235 0.0234
4000 4200 4400 4600 4800
10.98 12.3 13.6 14.9 16.2
61.66 60.07 58.52 57.00 55.51
9.794 9.794 9.793 9.793 9.792
324.6 323.8 323.0 322.2 321.4
0.819 0.802 0.785 0.769 0.752
1.661 1.655 1.648 1.642 1.635
105 105 105 105 105
0.0233 0.0232 0.0231 0.0230 0.0229
5000 5200 5400 5600 5800
17.5 18.8 20.1 21.4 22.7
54.05 52.62 51.23 49.86 48.52
9.791 9.791 9.790 9.789 9.785
320.5 319.7 318.9 318.1 317.3
0.736 0.721 0.705 0.690 0.675
1.628 1.622 1.615 1.608 1.602
105 105 105 105 105
0.0228 0.0227 0.0226 0.0224 0.0223
6000 6200 6400 6600 6800
24.0 25.3 26.6 27.9 29.2
47.22 45.94 44.69 43.47 42.27
9.788 9.788 9.787 9.786 9.785
316.5 315.6 314.8 314.0 313.1
0.660 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.604
1.595 1.588 1.582 1.575 1.568
105 105 105 105 105
0.0222 0.0221 0.0220 0.0219 0.0218
7000 8000 9000
30.5 36.9 43.4
41.11 35.65 30.80
9.785 9.782 9.779
312.3 308.1 303.8
0.590 0.526 0.467
1.561 105 1.527 105 1.493 105
0.0217 0.0212 0.0206
10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000
49.9 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5
26.50 19.40 14.17 10.53 7.57
9.776 9.770 9.764 9.758 9.751
299.5 295.1 295.1 295.1 295.1
0.414 0.312 0.228 0.166 0.122
1.458 1.422 1.422 1.422 1.422
105 105 105 105 105
0.0201 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195
Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias anuales a una latitud de 45° y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar (z = 0) se consideran como P = 101.325 kPa, T = 15°C, r = 1.2250 kg/m3, g = 9.80665 m2/s .
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire T K
h kJ/kg
Pr
u kJ/kg
vr
s° kJ/kg · K
T K
h kJ/kg
Pr
u kJ/kg
vr
s° kJ/kg · K
200 210 220 230 240
199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02
0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355
142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13
1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0
1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824
580 590 600 610 620
586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07
14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36
419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09
115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92
2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356
250 260 270 280 285
250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14
0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584
178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33
979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1
1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055
630 640 650 660 670
638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14
19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46
457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81
92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61
2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589
290 295 298 300 305
290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22
1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686
206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67
676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0
1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865
680 690 700 710 720
691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82
25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02
496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14
75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53
2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319
310 315 320 325 330
310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34
1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352
221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61
572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4
1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783
730 740 750 760 780
745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03
33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35
536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12
62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64
2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013
340 350 360 370 380
340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77
2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176
242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69
454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4
1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001
800 820 840 860 880
821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56
47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98
592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95
48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61
2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344
390 400 410 420 430
390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43
3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915
278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99
321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1
1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533
900 920 940 960 980
932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25
75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2
674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98
34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73
2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468
440 450 460 470 480
441.61 451.80 462.02 472.24 482.49
5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268
315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70
236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5
2.08870 2.11161 2.13407 2.15604 2.17760
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
1046.04 1068.89 1091.85 1114.86 1137.89
114.0 123.4 133.3 143.9 155.2
758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88
25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98
2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608
490 500 510 520 530
492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98
7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37
352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84
179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7
2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34
167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2
845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57
18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241
3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916
540 550 560 570
544.35 555.74 565.17 575.59
11.10 11.86 12.66 13.50
389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97
139.7 133.1 127.0 121.2
2.29906 2.31809 2.33685 2.35531
1200 1220 1240
1277.79 1301.31 1324.93
238.0 254.7 272.3
933.33 951.09 968.95
14.470 13.747 13.069
3.17888 3.19834 3.21751
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911
TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire (conclusión) T K
h kJ/kg
Pr
u kJ/kg
vr
s° kJ/kg · K
T K
h kJ/kg
1260 1280
1348.55 1372.24
290.8 310.4
986.90 1004.76
12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510
1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380
1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44
330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2
1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26
11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337
3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474
1640 1660 1680 1700 1750
1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161
1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8
5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328
3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336
1400 1420 1440 1460 1480
1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79
450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8
1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95
8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468
3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1
1310 1475 1655 1852 2068
1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7
3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776
3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994
1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17
601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0
1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65
7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046
3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829
2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4
2303 2559 2837 3138 3464
1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3
2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864
3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474
Pr
u kJ/kg
vr
791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574
s° kJ/kg · K 3.52364 3.53879
Nota: Las propiedades Pr (presión relativa) y vr (volumen específico relativo) son cantidades adimensionales utilizadas en el análisis de procesos isentrópicos y no deben confundirse con las propiedades de presión y volumen específico. Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 785-786, Tabla A-5. Publicada originalmente en J. H. Keenan y J. Kaye, Gas Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1948.
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
0 220 230 240 250
0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266
0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188
0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370
600 610 620 630 640
17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772
12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450
212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018
260 270 280 290 298
7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669
5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190
187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502
650 660 670 680 690
19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297
13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560
214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314
300 310 320 330 340
8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888
6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061
191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328
700 710 720 730 740
20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839
14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686
216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472
350 360 370 380 390
10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055 11,347
7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895 8,104
196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572 199.331
750 760 770 780 790
22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085 23,398
15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599 16,830
218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113 220.512
400 410 420 430 440
11,640 11,932 12,225 12,518 12,811
8,314 8,523 8,733 8,943 9,153
200.071 200.794 201.499 202.189 202.863
800 810 820 830 840
23,714 24,027 24,342 24,658 24,974
17,061 17,292 17,524 17,757 17,990
220.907 221.298 221.684 222.067 222.447
450 460 470 480 490
13,105 13,399 13,693 13,988 14,285
9,363 9,574 9,786 9,997 10,210
203.523 204.170 204.803 205.424 206.033
850 860 870 880 890
25,292 25,610 25,928 26,248 26,568
18,224 18,459 18,695 18,931 19,168
222.822 223.194 223.562 223.927 224.288
500 510 520 530 540
14,581 14,876 15,172 15,469 15,766
10,423 10,635 10,848 11,062 11,277
206.630 207.216 207.792 208.358 208.914
900 910 920 930 940
26,890 27,210 27,532 27,854 28,178
19,407 19,644 19,883 20,122 20,362
224.647 225.002 225.353 225.701 226.047
550 560 570 580 590
16,064 16,363 16,662 16,962 17,262
11,492 11,707 11,923 12,139 12,356
209.461 209.999 210.528 211.049 211.562
950 960 970 980 990
28,501 28,826 29,151 29,476 29,803
20,603 20,844 21,086 21,328 21,571
226.389 226.728 227.064 227.398 227.728
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913
TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762
21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782
228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075
41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777
247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104
24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291
231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654
44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524
249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488
26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845
234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417
47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957
251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380
40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227 42,915
29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919 31,441
236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376 238.878
2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676 77,496
52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553 57,958
254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027 257.810
1400 1420 1440 1460 1480
43,605 44,295 44,988 45,682 46,377
31,964 32,489 33,014 33,543 34,071
239.375 239.865 240.350 240.827 241.301
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600
79,320 81,149 82,981 84,814 86,650
59,366 60,779 62,195 63,613 65,033
258.580 259.332 260.073 260.799 261.512
1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
47,073 47,771 48,470 49,168 49,869
34,601 35,133 35,665 36,197 36,732
241.768 242.228 242.685 243.137 243.585
2650 2700 2750 2800 2850
88,488 90,328 92,171 94,014 95,859
66,455 67,880 69,306 70,734 72,163
262.213 262.902 263.577 264.241 264.895
1600 1620 1640 1660 1680
50,571 51,275 51,980 52,686 53,393
37,268 37,806 38,344 38,884 39,424
244.028 244.464 244.896 245.324 245.747
2900 2950 3000 3050 3100
97,705 99,556 101,407 103,260 105,115
73,593 75,028 76,464 77,902 79,341
265.538 266.170 266.793 267.404 268.007
1700 1720 1740
54,099 54,807 55,516
39,965 40,507 41,049
246.166 246.580 246.990
3150 3200 3250
106,972 108,830 110,690
80,782 82,224 83,668
268.601 269.186 269.763
Fuente: Las tablas A-18 a A-25 fueron adaptadas de Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 787-798. Publicadas originalmente en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971.
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
0 220 230 240 250
0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275
0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197
0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885
600 610 620 630 640
17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219
12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898
226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429
260 270 280 290 298
7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682
5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203
201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033
650 660 670 680 690
19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854
14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116
228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885
300 310 320 330 340
8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916
6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090
205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904
700 710 720 730 740
21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510
15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357
231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201
350 360 370 380 390
10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109 11,409
7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949 8,166
209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222 213.002
750 760 770 780 790
22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850 24,186
16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364 17,618
233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960 235.387
400 410 420 430 440
11,711 12,012 12,314 12,618 12,923
8,384 8,603 8,822 9,043 9,264
213.765 214.510 215.241 215.955 216.656
800 810 820 830 840
24,523 24,861 25,199 25,537 25,877
17,872 18,126 18,382 18,637 18,893
235.810 236.230 236.644 237.055 237.462
450 460 470 480 490
13,228 13,525 13,842 14,151 14,460
9,487 9,710 9,935 10,160 10,386
217.342 218.016 218.676 219.326 219.963
850 860 870 880 890
26,218 26,559 26,899 27,242 27,584
19,150 19,408 19,666 19,925 20,185
237.864 238.264 238.660 239.051 239.439
500 510 520 530 540
14,770 15,082 15,395 15,708 16,022
10,614 10,842 11,071 11,301 11,533
220.589 221.206 221.812 222.409 222.997
900 910 920 930 940
27,928 28,272 28,616 28,960 29,306
20,445 20,706 20,967 21,228 21,491
239.823 240.203 240.580 240.953 241.323
550 560 570 580 590
16,338 16,654 16,971 17,290 17,609
11,765 11,998 12,232 12,467 12,703
223.576 224.146 224.708 225.262 225.808
950 960 970 980 990
29,652 29,999 30,345 30,692 31,041
21,754 22,017 22,280 22,544 22,809
241.689 242.052 242.411 242.768 242.120
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TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194
23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214
243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866
44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568
263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734
25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923
246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620
47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490
265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312
28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670
249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668
50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208
267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380
42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198 44,923
31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891 33,449
252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404 254.932
2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316 81,243
55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193 61,704
271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891 274.809
1400 1420 1440 1460 1480
45,648 46,374 47,102 47,831 48,561
34,008 34,567 35,129 35,692 36,256
255.454 255.968 256.475 256.978 257.474
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600
83,174 85,112 87,057 89,004 90,956
63,219 64,742 66,271 67,802 69,339
275.625 276.424 277.207 277.979 278.738
1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
49,292 50,024 50,756 51,490 52,224
36,821 37,387 37,952 38,520 39,088
257.965 258.450 258.928 259.402 259.870
2650 2700 2750 2800 2850
92,916 94,881 96,852 98,826 100,808
70,883 72,433 73,987 75,546 77,112
279.485 280.219 280.942 281.654 282.357
1600 1620 1640 1660 1680
52,961 53,696 54,434 55,172 55,912
39,658 40,227 40,799 41,370 41,944
260.333 260.791 261.242 261.690 262.132
2900 2950 3000 3050 3100
102,793 104,785 106,780 108,778 110,784
78,682 80,258 81,837 83,419 85,009
283.048 283.728 284.399 285.060 285.713
1700 1720 1740
56,652 57,394 58,136
42,517 43,093 43,669
262.571 263.005 263.435
3150 3200 3250
112,795 114,809 116,827
86,601 88,203 89,804
286.355 286.989 287.614
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
0 220 230 240 250
0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627
0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548
0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337
600 610 620 630 640
22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190
17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869
243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282
260 270 280 290 298
7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364
5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885
208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685
650 660 670 680 690
24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631
19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894
247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952
300 310 320 330 340
9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959
6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131
213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694
700 710 720 730 740
27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124
21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972
250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439
350 360 370 380 390
11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552 12,960
8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392 9,718
219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122 224.182
750 760 770 780 790
29,629 20,135 30,644 31,154 31,665
23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669 25,097
254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110 256.762
400 410 420 430 440
13,372 13,787 14,206 14,628 15,054
10,046 10,378 10,714 11,053 11,393
225.225 226.250 227.258 228.252 229.230
800 810 820 830 840
32,179 32,694 33,212 33,730 34,251
25,527 25,959 26,394 26,829 27,267
257.408 258.048 258.682 259.311 259.934
450 460 470 480 490
15,483 15,916 16,351 16,791 17,232
11,742 12,091 12,444 12,800 13,158
230.194 231.144 232.080 233.004 233.916
850 860 870 880 890
34,773 35,296 35,821 36,347 36,876
27,706 28,125 28,588 29,031 29,476
260.551 261.164 261.770 262.371 262.968
500 510 520 530 540
17,678 18,126 18,576 19,029 19,485
13,521 13,885 14,253 14,622 14,996
234.814 235.700 236.575 237.439 238.292
900 910 920 930 940
37,405 37,935 38,467 39,000 39,535
29,922 30,369 30,818 31,268 31,719
263.559 264.146 264.728 265.304 265.877
550 560 570 580 590
19,945 20,407 20,870 21,337 21,807
15,372 15,751 16,131 16,515 16,902
239.135 239.962 240.789 241.602 242.405
950 960 970 980 990
40,070 40,607 41,145 41,685 42,226
32,171 32,625 33,081 33,537 33,995
266.444 267.007 267.566 268.119 268.670
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TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153
34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174
269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196
71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897
301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724
39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913
274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197
76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067
304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381
43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739
297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864
82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404
307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380
59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963 64,116
48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656 52,643
283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439 287.283
2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035 122,091
92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912 102,552
313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695 319.011
1400 1420 1440 1460 1480
65,271 66,427 67,586 68,748 66,911
53,631 54,621 55,614 56,609 57,606
288.106 288.934 289.743 290.542 291.333
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600
125,152 128,219 131,290 134,368 137,449
105,197 107,849 110,504 113,166 115,832
320.302 321.566 322.808 324.026 325.222
1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
71,078 72,246 73,417 74,590 76,767
58,606 59,609 60,613 61,620 62,630
292.114 292.888 292.654 294.411 295.161
2650 2700 2750 2800 2850
140,533 143,620 146,713 149,808 152,908
118,500 121,172 123,849 126,528 129,212
326.396 327.549 328.684 329.800 330.896
1600 1620 1640 1660 1680
76,944 78,123 79,303 80,486 81,670
63,741 64,653 65,668 66,592 67,702
295.901 296.632 297.356 298.072 298.781
2900 2950 3000 3050 3100
156,009 159,117 162,226 165,341 168,456
131,898 134,589 137,283 139,982 142,681
331.975 333.037 334.084 335.114 336.126
1700 1720 1740
82,856 84,043 85,231
68,721 69,742 70,764
299.482 300.177 300.863
3150 3200 3250
171,576 174,695 177,822
145,385 148,089 150,801
337.124 338.109 339.069
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
0 220 230 240 250
0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266
0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188
0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411
600 610 620 630 640
17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833
12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512
218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179
260 270 280 290 298
7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669
5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190
193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543
650 660 670 680 690
19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378
13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641
220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505
300 310 320 330 340
8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889
6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062
197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371
700 710 720 730 740
20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943
14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789
222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692
350 360 370 380 390
10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058 11,351
7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899 8,108
202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622 205.383
750 760 770 780 790
22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208 23,526
16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723 16,957
225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357 226.762
400 410 420 430 440
11,644 11,938 12,232 12,526 12,821
8,319 8,529 8,740 8,951 9,163
206.125 206.850 207.549 208.252 208.929
800 810 820 830 840
23,844 24,164 24,483 24,803 25,124
17,193 17,429 17,665 17,902 18,140
227.162 227.559 227.952 228.339 228.724
450 460 470 480 490
13,116 13,412 13,708 14,005 14,302
9,375 9,587 9,800 10,014 10,228
209.593 210.243 210.880 211.504 212.117
850 860 870 880 890
25,446 25,768 26,091 26,415 26,740
18,379 18,617 18,858 19,099 19,341
229.106 229.482 229.856 230.227 230.593
500 510 520 530 540
14,600 14,898 15,197 15,497 15,797
10,443 10,658 10,874 11,090 11,307
212.719 213.310 213.890 214.460 215.020
900 910 920 930 940
27,066 27,392 27,719 28,046 28,375
19,583 19,826 20,070 20,314 20,559
230.957 231.317 231.674 232.028 232.379
550 560 570 580 590
16,097 16,399 16,701 17,003 17,307
11,524 11,743 11,961 12,181 12,401
215.572 216.115 216.649 217.175 217.693
950 960 970 980 990
28,703 29,033 29,362 29,693 30,024
20,805 21,051 21,298 21,545 21,793
232.727 233.072 233.413 233.752 234.088
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TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029
22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049
234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629
42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331
253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406
24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602
237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238
44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108
255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844
27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201
240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044
47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584
257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380
40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613 43,309
29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306 31,836
243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880 245.388
2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345 78,178
52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222 58,640
261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692 264.480
1400 1420 1440 1460 1480
44,007 44,707 45,408 46,110 46,813
32,367 32,900 33,434 33,971 34,508
245.889 246.385 246.876 247.360 247.839
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600
80,015 81,852 83,692 85,537 87,383
60,060 61,482 62,906 64,335 65,766
265.253 266.012 266.755 267.485 268.202
1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
47,517 48,222 48,928 49,635 50,344
35,046 35,584 36,124 36,665 37,207
248.312 248.778 249.240 249.695 250.147
2650 2700 2750 2800 2850
89,230 91,077 92,930 94,784 96,639
67,197 68,628 70,066 71,504 72,945
268.905 269.596 270.285 270.943 271.602
1600 1620 1640 1660 1680
51,053 51,763 52,472 53,184 53,895
37,750 38,293 38,837 39,382 39,927
250.592 251.033 251.470 251.901 252.329
2900 2950 3000 3050 3100
98,495 100,352 102,210 104,073 105,939
74,383 75,825 77,267 78,715 80,164
272.249 272.884 273.508 274.123 274.730
1700 1720 1740
54,609 55,323 56,039
40,474 41,023 41,572
252.751 253.169 253.582
3150 3200 3250
107,802 109,667 111,534
81,612 83,061 84,513
275.326 275.914 276.494
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-22 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
0 260 270 280 290
0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233
0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822
0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775
1440 1480 1520 1560 1600
42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990
30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687
177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820
298 300 320 340 360
8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262
5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268
130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039
1640 1680 1720 1760 1800
49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618
35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652
181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724
380 400 420 440 460
10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179
7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355
137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187
1840 1880 1920 1960 2000
55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400
40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771
185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297
480 500 520 560 600
13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107 17,280
9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451 12,291
144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945 150.968
2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328 70,080
46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037 51,373
189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598 192.385
640 680 720 760 800
18,453 19,630 20,807 21,988 23,171
13,133 13,976 14,821 15,669 16,520
152.863 154.645 156.328 157.923 159.440
2300 2350 2400 2450 2500
71,839 73,608 75,383 77,168 78,960
52,716 54,069 55,429 56,798 58,175
193.159 193.921 194.669 195.403 196.125
840 880 920 960 1000
24,359 25,551 26,747 27,948 29,154
17,375 18,235 19,098 19,966 20,839
160.891 162.277 163.607 164.884 166.114
2550 2600 2650 2700 2750
80,755 82,558 84,368 86,186 88,008
59,554 60,941 62,335 63,737 65,144
196.837 197.539 198.229 198.907 199.575
1040 1080 1120 1160 1200
30,364 31,580 32,802 34,028 35,262
21,717 22,601 23,490 24,384 25,284
167.300 168.449 169.560 170.636 171.682
2800 2850 2900 2950 3000
89,838 91,671 93,512 95,358 97,211
66,558 67,976 69,401 70,831 72,268
200.234 200.885 201.527 202.157 202.778
1240 1280 1320 1360 1400
36,502 37,749 39,002 40,263 41,530
26,192 27,106 28,027 28,955 29,889
172.698 173.687 174.652 175.593 176.510
3050 3100 3150 3200 3250
99,065 100,926 102,793 104,667 106,545
73,707 75,152 76,604 78,061 79,523
203.391 203.995 204.592 205.181 205.765
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921
TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
0 220 230 240 250
0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294
0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215
0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831
600 610 620 630 640
20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862
15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541
212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285
260 270 280 290 298
8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904
6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425
184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720
650 660 670 680 690
22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714
16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978
215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071
300 310 320 330 340
9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314
7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487
188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144
700 710 720 730 740
24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597
18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444
218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707
350 360 370 380 390
11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672 13,014
8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513 9,771
194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920 197.807
750 760 770 780 790
25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125 27,510
19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639 20,941
221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717 223.207
400 410 420 430 440
13,356 13,699 14,043 14,388 14,734
10,030 10,290 10,551 10,813 11,075
198.673 199.521 200.350 201.160 201.955
800 810 820 830 840
27,896 28,284 28,672 29,062 29,454
21,245 21,549 21,855 22,162 22,470
223.693 224.174 224.651 225.123 225.592
450 460 470 480 490
15,080 15,428 15,777 16,126 16,477
11,339 11,603 11,869 12,135 12,403
202.734 203.497 204.247 204.982 205.705
850 860 870 880 890
29,846 30,240 30,635 31,032 31,429
22,779 23,090 23,402 23,715 24,029
226.057 226.517 226.973 227.426 227.875
500 510 520 530 540
16,828 17,181 17,534 17,889 18,245
12,671 12,940 13,211 13,482 13,755
206.413 207.112 207.799 208.475 209.139
900 910 920 930 940
31,828 32,228 32,629 33,032 33,436
24,345 24,662 24,980 25,300 25,621
228.321 228.763 229.202 229.637 230.070
550 560 570 580 590
18,601 18,959 19,318 19,678 20,039
14,028 14,303 14,579 14,856 15,134
209.795 210.440 211.075 211.702 212.320
950 960 970 980 990
33,841 34,247 34,653 35,061 35,472
25,943 26,265 26,588 26,913 27,240
230.499 230.924 231.347 231.767 232.184
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223
27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243
232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506
55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207
258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509
30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698
236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540
60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411
260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912
34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270
240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735
64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275
263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380
48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521 52,434
38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213 40,960
243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915 246.582
2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199 100,846
72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076 81,308
268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839 272.978
1400 1420 1440 1460 1480
53,351 54,273 55,198 56,128 57,062
41,711 42,466 43,226 43,989 44,756
247.241 247.895 248.543 249.185 249.820
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600
103,508 106,183 108,868 111,565 114,273
83,553 85,811 88,082 90,364 92,656
274.098 275.201 276.286 277.354 278.407
1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
57,999 58,942 59,888 60,838 61,792
45,528 46,304 47,084 47,868 48,655
250.450 251.074 251.693 252.305 252.912
2650 2700 2750 2800 2850
116,991 119,717 122,453 125,198 127,952
94,958 97,269 99,588 101,917 104,256
279.441 280.462 281.464 282.453 283.429
1600 1620 1640 1660 1680
62,748 63,709 64,675 65,643 66,614
49,445 50,240 51,039 51,841 52,646
253.513 254.111 254.703 255.290 255.873
2900 2950 3000 3050 3100
130,717 133,486 136,264 139,051 141,846
106,605 108,959 111,321 113,692 116,072
284.390 285.338 286.273 287.194 288.102
1700 1720 1740
67,589 68,567 69,550
53,455 54,267 55,083
256.450 257.022 257.589
3150 3200 3250
144,648 147,457 150,272
118,458 120,851 123,250
288.999 289.884 290.756
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923
TABLA A-24 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500
50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932
30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832
204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831
Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s° kJ/kmol · K
0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
0 183.594 183.779 198.955 219.624 232.506 234.642 236.672 238.606 240.453 242.221 243.077 243.917 244.740 245.547 246.338 247.116 247.879
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500
77,015 78,801 80,592 82,388 84,189 85,995 87,806 89,622 91,442 93,266 95,095 96,927 98,763 102,447 106,145 109,855 113,578 117,312
57,061 58,431 59,806 61,186 62,572 63,962 65,358 66,757 68,162 69,570 70,983 72,400 73,820 76,673 79,539 82,418 85,309 88,212
248.628 249.364 250.088 250.799 251.499 252.187 252.864 253.530 254.186 254.832 255.468 256.094 256.712 257.919 259.093 260.235 261.347 262.429
0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852
0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314
TABLA A-25
0 9,188 9,244 15,181 30,123 46,046 49,358 52,706 56,089 59,505 62,952 64,687 66,428 68,177 69,932 71,694 73,462 75,236
0 6,709 6,749 11,024 21,809 33,575 36,055 38,571 41,123 43,708 46,323 47,642 48,968 50,301 51,641 52,987 54,339 55,697
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
TABLA A-26 Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía a 25°C, 1 atm _ _ gf° hf° Sustancia Fórmula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol Acetileno Agua Alcohol etílico Alcohol etílico Alcohol metílico Alcohol metílico Amoniaco Benceno n-butano Carbón Dióxido de carbono n-dodecano Etano Etileno Hidrógeno Hidrógeno Hidróxilo Metano Monóxido de carbono Nitrógeno Nitrógeno n-octano n-octano Oxígeno Oxígeno Peróxido de hidrógeno Propano Propileno Vapor de agua
C2H2(g) H2O() C2H5OH(g) C2H5OH() CH3OH(g) CH3OH() NH3(g) C6H6(g) C4H10(g) C(s) CO2(g) C12H26(g) C2H6(g) C2H4(g) H2(g) H(g) OH(g) CH4(g) CO(g) N2(g) N(g) C8H18(g) C8H18() O2(g) O(g) H2O2(g) C3H8(g) C3H6(g) H2O(g)
+226,730 285,830 235,310 277,690 200,670 238,660 46,190 +82,930 126,150 0 393,520 291,010 84,680 +52,280 0 +218,000 +39,460 74,850 110,530 0 +472,650 208,450 249,950 0 +249,190 136,310 103,850 +20,410 241,820
+209,170 237,180 168,570 174,890 162,000 166,360 16,590 +129,660 15,710 0 394,360 +50,150 32,890 +68,120 0 +203,290 +34,280 50,790 137,150 0 +455,510 +16,530 +6,610 0 +231,770 105,600 23,490 +62,720 228,590
absoluta _ s° kJ/kmol · K 200.85 69.92 282.59 160.70 239.70 126.80 192.33 269.20 310.12 5.74 213.80 622.83 229.49 219.83 130.68 114.72 183.70 186.16 197.65 191.61 153.30 466.73 360.79 205.04 161.06 232.63 269.91 266.94 188.83
Fuente: De JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Co., 1971, Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; y API Research Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953.
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925
TABLA A-27 Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes
Combustible (fase)
Fórmula
Acetileno (g) C2H2 Benceno () C6H6 Butano () C4H10 Carbono (s) C Decano () C10H22 Diesel ligero () CnH1.8n Diesel pesado () CnH1.7n Etano (g) C2H6 Etanol () C2H6O Gas natural (g) CnH3.8nN0.1n Gasolina () CnH1.87n Heptano () C7H16 Hexano () C6H12 Hexeno () C6H14 Hidrógeno (g) H2 Isopentano () C5H12 Metano (g) CH4 Metanol () CH4O Monóx. de carbono (g) CO Octano () C8H18 1-Penteno () C5H10 Propano () C3H8 Tolueno () C7H8
Masa molar, kg/kmol 26.038 78.114 58.123 12.011 142.285 170 200 30.070 46.069 18 100–110 100.204 84.161 86.177 2.016 72.150 16.043 32.042 28.013 114.231 70.134 44.097 92.141
Densidad,1 kg/L — 0.877 0.579 2 0.730 0.78–0.84 0.82–0.88 — 0.790 — 0.72–0.78 0.684 0.673 0.660 — 0.626 — 0.790 — 0.703 0.641 0.500 0.867
Entalpía de vaporización,2 kJ/kg
Calor específico,1 cp kJ/kg · K
Poder calorífico superior,3 kJ/kg
Poder calorífico inferior,3 kJ/kg
— 433 362 — 361 270 230 172 919 — 350 365 392 366 — — 509 1168 — 363 363 335 412
1.69 1.72 2.42 0.708 2.21 2.2 1.9 1.75 2.44 2 2.4 2.24 1.84 2.27 14.4 2.32 2.20 2.53 1.05 2.23 2.20 2.77 1.71
49,970 41,800 49,150 32,800 47,640 46,100 45,500 51,900 29,670 50,000 47,300 48,100 47,500 48,310 141,800 48,570 55,530 22,660 10,100 47,890 47,760 50,330 42,400
48,280 40,100 45,370 32,800 44,240 43,200 42,800 47,520 26,810 45,000 44,000 44,600 44,400 44,740 120,000 44,910 50,050 19,920 10,100 44,430 44,630 46,340 40,500
1A
1 atm y 20°C.
2A
25°C para combustibles líquidos, y 1 atm y temperatura normal de ebullición para combustibles gaseosos.
3A
25°C. Multiplique por la masa molar para obtener los valores caloríficos en kJ/kmol.
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TABLA A-28 Logaritmos naturales de la constante de equilibrio Kp La constante de equilibrio Kp para la reacción nA A + nB B ∆ nC C + nD D se define como Kp ≡
PCnC PDnD PAnA PBnB
Temp., K
H2 ∆ 2H
O2 ∆ 2O
N2 ∆ 2N
298 164.005 500 92.827 1000 39.803 1200 30.874 1400 24.463 1600 19.637 1800 15.866 2000 12.840 2200 10.353 2400 8.276 2600 6.517 2800 5.002 3000 3.685 3200 2.534 3400 1.516 3600 0.609 3800 0.202 4000 0.934 4500 2.486 5000 3.725 5500 4.743 6000 5.590
186.975 105.630 45.150 35.005 27.742 22.285 18.030 14.622 11.827 9.497 7.521 5.826 4.357 3.072 1.935 0.926 0.019 0.796 2.513 3.895 5.023 5.963
367.480 213.372 99.127 80.011 66.329 56.055 48.051 41.645 36.391 32.011 28.304 25.117 22.359 19.937 17.800 15.898 14.199 12.660 9.414 6.807 4.666 2.865
H2O ∆ H2 + 1/2O2
H2O ∆ 1/2H2 + OH
CO2 ∆ CO + 1/2O2
92.208 52.691 23.163 18.182 14.609 11.921 9.826 8.145 6.768 5.619 4.648 3.812 3.086 2.451 1.891 1.392 0.945 0.542 0.312 0.996 1.560 2.032
106.208 60.281 26.034 20.283 16.099 13.066 10.657 8.728 7.148 5.832 4.719 3.763 2.937 2.212 1.576 1.088 0.501 0.044 0.920 1.689 2.318 2.843
103.762 57.616 23.529 17.871 13.842 10.830 8.497 6.635 5.120 3.860 2.801 1.894 1.111 0.429 0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490 3.197 3.771 4.245
1/ N 2 2
+ 1/2O2 ∆ NO 35.052 20.295 9.388 7.569 6.270 5.294 4.536 3.931 3.433 3.019 2.671 2.372 2.114 1.888 1.690 1.513 1.356 1.216 0.921 0.686 0.497 0.341
Fuente: Gordon J. Van Wylen y Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodyamics, versión inglés/SI, tercera edición, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1986, p. 723, Tabla A-14. Con base en información termodinámica proporcionada en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Termal Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 1971.
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7.5
|
927
0.50
7.0
0.55 T
0.60
R
6.5 0.65 0.70
6.0 Líq
0.75
uid
os
5.5
0.80
atu
rad
o
0.90
5.0 0.75
0.85 0.90
1.10 1.15
0.92
3.5
0.94
1.20
0.96
1.25
3.0 1.30 0.98
2.5
1.40
2.0
1.50 1.60
1.5
o rad 5 atu 0.9 or s p a V .90 0
0.5
1.1 1.2 0 0
1.0
00
1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.20
0 .3
1
1.
–– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Desviación de entalpía Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr
0.80
4.5 4.0
0.85
0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08
2.40 2.60
0
1.5
2.80 3.00
2.00
4.00
0
0.1
0.2
0.3 0.4 0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0 4.0 5.0
10
20
30
0.500
0.400
=
TR
0 0.9 0 9
=
0.
80
TR
0
0.
1.0
ra
do
0.300 rs
atu
1.10 1.20
Va po
–– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Desviación de entalpía Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr
Presión reducida, PR
0.200
FIGURA A-29 Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entalpía.
1.40 1.60
0.100
2.00 0.000 0
0.05
0.10
0.15 P
R
0.20
0.25
0.30
Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 558, Fig. C.2 y p. 561, Fig. C.5.
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9.0
TRr
8.0
0.500
o
rad
0.400
atu
s or
p Va
0.300
.90 =0 TR
0
1.0
80
Desviación de entropía
10.0
0.
|
sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Zs = ————– Ru R
928
0.200 0.100 0.000 0
1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 PR
7.0 0.55 0.60 o uid Líq
6.0
sat
0.65
do ura
sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Desviación de entropía Zs = ————– Ru R
0.50
0.70
5.0
0.75
0.75
0.80
0.80 0.85
4.0
0.90 0.90
0.94
0.92 0.98
0.92 0.96
0.94
1.00
1.02
0.96
0.85
3.0
0.94 0.98
1.04
1.02
1.06 1.08
0.98
1.06
1.10 1.15
2.0 1.20
1.30
Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 559, Fig. C.3 y p. 561, Fig C.5.
1.0
1.0.95 00
FIGURA A-30 Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entropía.
rado or satu
Vap
0
0.9
0 0.1
0.2
0.3 0.40.5
4 1.0 .10 1 1.20 1.40 1.60
1.0
2.0
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.80
2.00 3.00
2.50
3.0 4.0 5.0
10
20
30
Presión reducida, PR
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0.4
0
–0.2
2.5
0.2
10
10
15
ra
u at er
p m Te
60
de
15
ºC ón 20
ci
ra tu sa
0.8 4
20
% 6
6
0.8
50
%
% 40
30%
0.8
30
va d relati umeda
8 10% H
20%
edo
úm
oh
eb ulb
ra d
atu
per
tem
ºC
40
0.9
2
0.8
0
0.8
0.7 8
2
4
6
8
50
10
12
14
16
18
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0.95 1.0
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
|
ilog
Reproducida con permiso de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia; usada con permiso.
Temperatura de bulbo seco ºC
20
0%
25
20
22
24
26
28
30
0.36
Apéndice 1
FIGURA A-31 Gráfica psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total.
25
olu 2v
Preparado por el Centro de Estudios Aplicados de Termodinámica, Universidad de Idaho.
0
5
10
2.0
5
30
k
80
0
0.9
50
t
En
al
h)
a( pí
e ul
jo ilo
d o m ra 70 g lo ki or sp
co
se
30
ire
de a
40
Entalpía ∆h ————————— = —— Relación de humedad ∆
ea
ire
30
r
met or k o ram
20
4.0
90
100 4
0
5.0 3 0.
10.0
.5
–• 1.0 1.5 –5.0 2.0 4.0 –2.0 ∆HS – • Calor sensible —————– = —— – 4.0 0.0 Calor total ∆HT – 2.0 1.0 1.0
–0
3.0
1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
0.1
•
men
90 %
Nivel del mar
co p
bi o cú
80 %
© 1992 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
0.9
70
ASHRAE Gráfica psicrométrica núm. 1 Temperatura normal Presión barométrica 101.325 kPa
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sec o
www.FreeLibros.org ∆HS Calor sensible —— —————– = Calor total ∆HT
Relación de humedad (ω) (ω) gramos de humedad por kilogramo de aire seco (ω
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
k⫹1 B 2 ⫹ (k ⫺ 1)Ma2 0.5(k⫹1)Ⲑ(k⫺1) A 1 2 k⫺1 ⫽ ca b a1 ⫹ Ma2bd A* Ma k ⫹ 1 2 ⫺kⲐ(k⫺1) P k⫺1 ⫽ a1 ⫹ Ma2b P0 2 ⫺1Ⲑ(k⫺1) r k⫺1 ⫽ a1 ⫹ Ma2b r0 2 ⫺1 T k⫺1 ⫽ a1 ⫹ Ma2b T0 2
TABLA A-32
Ma* ⫽ Ma
Funciones unidimensionales isentrópicas de flujo compresible para un gas ideal con k 1.4 Ma
Ma*
A/A*
P/P0
r/r0
T/T0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 5.0
0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640 2.2361 2.2495
5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346 25.000
1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272 0.0019 0
1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760 0.0113 0
1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571 0.1667 0
3.0 A/A*
Funciones de flujo compresible
2.5
2.0 Ma* 1.5
1.0
T/T0
0.5
r/r* P/P0 0
www.FreeLibros.org 0
0.5
1.0
1.5 Ma
2.0
2.5
3.0
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Apéndice 1 T01 T02
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931
TABLA A-33
(k ⫺ 1)Ma21 ⫹ 2 Ma2 ⫽ B 2kMa21 ⫺ k ⫹ 1
Funciones unidimensionales de choque normal de un gas ideal con k 1.4
P 2 1 kMa21 2kMa21 k 1 P 1 1 kMa22 k1 r 2 P 2ⲐP 1 (k ⫹ V1 ⫽ ⫽ ⫽ r1 T2ⲐT1 2 ⫹ (k ⫺ 1)Ma21 V2 1)Ma21
T2 2 Ma21(k 1) T1 2 Ma22(k 1) P 02 Ma1 1 ⫹ Ma22(k ⫺ 1)Ⲑ2 (k ⫹ 1)/[2(k ⫺ 1)] ⫽ c d P 01 Ma2 1 ⫹ Ma21(k ⫺ 1)Ⲑ2 P 02 (1 kMa21)[1 Ma22(k 1) 2]k (k1) P1 1 kMa22
Ma1
Ma2
P2/P1
r2/r1
T2/T1
P02/P01
P02/P1
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.0 5.0
1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752 0.4350 0.4152 0.3780
1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333 18.5000 29.000
1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571 4.5714 5.0000 6.0000
1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790 4.0469 5.8000
1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283 0.1388 0.0617 0
1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7136 3.0492 3.4133 3.8050 4.2238 4.6695 5.1418 5.6404 6.1654 6.7165 7.2937 7.8969 8.5261 9.1813 9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610 21.0681 32.6335
5.0 P02/P1
P2/P1
Funciones de choque normal
4.0
r2/r1
3.0 T2/T1
2.0
1.0 Ma2 P02/P01 0 1.0
1.5
2.0 Ma1
2.5
3.0
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Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI)
T0 (k 1)Ma2[2 (k 1)Ma2] T 0* (1 kMa2)2
TABLA A-34
P0 2 ⫹ (k ⫺ 1)Ma2 kⲐ(k⫺1) k⫹1 a b ⫽ 2 P*0 1 ⫹ kMa k⫹1
Ma
T0/T 0*
P0/P 0*
T/T*
P/P*
V/V*
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
0.0000 0.0468 0.1736 0.3469 0.5290 0.6914 0.8189 0.9085 0.9639 0.9921 1.0000 0.9787 0.9343 0.8842 0.8363 0.7934 0.7561 0.7242 0.6970 0.6738 0.6540
1.2679 1.2591 1.2346 1.1985 1.1566 1.1141 1.0753 1.0431 1.0193 1.0049 1.0000 1.0194 1.0777 1.1756 1.3159 1.5031 1.7434 2.0451 2.4177 2.8731 3.4245
0.0000 0.0560 0.2066 0.4089 0.6151 0.7901 0.9167 0.9929 1.0255 1.0245 1.0000 0.9118 0.8054 0.7017 0.6089 0.5289 0.4611 0.4038 0.3556 0.3149 0.2803
2.4000 2.3669 2.2727 2.1314 1.9608 1.7778 1.5957 1.4235 1.2658 1.1246 1.0000 0.7958 0.6410 0.5236 0.4335 0.3636 0.3086 0.2648 0.2294 0.2004 0.1765
0.0000 0.0237 0.0909 0.1918 0.3137 0.4444 0.5745 0.6975 0.8101 0.9110 1.0000 1.1459 1.2564 1.3403 1.4046 1.4545 1.4938 1.5252 1.5505 1.5711 1.5882
Ma(1 ⫹ k) 2 T ⫽a b T* 1 ⫹ kMa2 1k P P* 1 kMa2 r* (1 ⫹ k)Ma2 V ⫽ ⫽ r V* 1 ⫹ kMa2
Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k 1.4
3.5 P0/P0*
Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh
3.0
2.5
2.0 V/V* 1.5
1.0 T0/T 0* 0.5
T/T* P/P*
0 0
0.5
1.0
1.5 Ma
2.0
2.5
3.0
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