Termo III (Práctica 3)

INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERIA QUÍMICA E INDUSTRIAS EXTRACTIVAS EXTRACTIVAS

LABORATORIO DE TERMODINÁMICA DEL EQUILIBRIO DE FASES

Práctica 3. “Equilibrio Liquido-Vapor Liquido-Vapor de un sistema que obedece la Ley de Raoult”

Doctor: Gustao P!r"# L$%"# Gru%o: &IV'( E)u*%o: + INTEGRANTES: • • • •

Go,#-."# /"r,-,0"# C!sar Au1usto Ra23r"# Sa.a#ar Ga4r*".a Cora. Ru3# S"1u,0o Pa.o2a M*c5".." V-#)u"# S-,c5"# 6or1" 6"s7s

PRACTICA No8 ' “Equilibrio Liquido-Vapor Liquido-Vapor de un sistema siste ma que obedece la Ley de Raoult” Objetios!

98 Pr"%arar u,a s"r*" 0" so.uc*o,"s 0" 2"ta,o.;9<*so%ro%a,o.;&< 0" 0*="r",t" co,c",trac*$,8 &8 D"t"r2*,ar ">%"r*2",ta.2",t" .a t"2%"ratura 0" 4ur4u?a@ a %r"s*$, a24*",t"@ 0" ca0a u,a 0" .as so.uc*o,"s %r"%ara0as8 '8 Cua,0o .as so.uc*o,"s s" ",cu",tr", ", "4u..*c*$,@ to2ar u,a 2u"stra 0" .os a%or"s@ %or a,-.*s*s 0"t"r2*,ar su co2%os*c*$,8 +8 A %art*r 0" .as co,0*c*o,"s  0atos ">%"r*2",ta."s@ ".a4orar ". 0*a1ra2a 0" =as"s t s >  .a 1r-=*ca  s >8 8 D"t"r2*," .a t"2%"ratura 0" 4ur4u?a  co2%os*c*$, 0" .a =as" 1as"osa t"$r*cas 0" ca0a so.uc*$,@ usa,0o ". a.1or*t2o a%ro%*a0o )u" s" 0"r*a 0" .a ." 0" Raou.t8 8 E.a4or" ". 0*a1ra2a 0" =as"s t"$r*co t s >  .a 1r-=*ca  s > 0" acu"r0o a .os 0atos o4t",*0os ", 8 (8 Por co2%arac*$, 0" .os 0*a1ra2as 0" =as" ".a4ora0as co, .os 0atos ">%"r*2",ta."s  t"$r*cos@ o4s"rar )u" ". s*st"2a o4"0"c" .a ." 0" Raou.t8

PRACTICA No8 ' “Equilibrio Liquido-Vapor Liquido-Vapor de un sistema siste ma que obedece la Ley de Raoult” Objetios!

98 Pr"%arar u,a s"r*" 0" so.uc*o,"s 0" 2"ta,o.;9<*so%ro%a,o.;&< 0" 0*="r",t" co,c",trac*$,8 &8 D"t"r2*,ar ">%"r*2",ta.2",t" .a t"2%"ratura 0" 4ur4u?a@ a %r"s*$, a24*",t"@ 0" ca0a u,a 0" .as so.uc*o,"s %r"%ara0as8 '8 Cua,0o .as so.uc*o,"s s" ",cu",tr", ", "4u..*c*$,@ to2ar u,a 2u"stra 0" .os a%or"s@ %or a,-.*s*s 0"t"r2*,ar su co2%os*c*$,8 +8 A %art*r 0" .as co,0*c*o,"s  0atos ">%"r*2",ta."s@ ".a4orar ". 0*a1ra2a 0" =as"s t s >  .a 1r-=*ca  s >8 8 D"t"r2*," .a t"2%"ratura 0" 4ur4u?a  co2%os*c*$, 0" .a =as" 1as"osa t"$r*cas 0" ca0a so.uc*$,@ usa,0o ". a.1or*t2o a%ro%*a0o )u" s" 0"r*a 0" .a ." 0" Raou.t8 8 E.a4or" ". 0*a1ra2a 0" =as"s t"$r*co t s >  .a 1r-=*ca  s > 0" acu"r0o a .os 0atos o4t",*0os ", 8 (8 Por co2%arac*$, 0" .os 0*a1ra2as 0" =as" ".a4ora0as co, .os 0atos ">%"r*2",ta."s  t"$r*cos@ o4s"rar )u" ". s*st"2a o4"0"c" .a ." 0" Raou.t8

"ntroducci#n te#rica! Ecuaci#n de equilibrio l$quido-apor. sat 

фiyiP =γixi γixiф ф i  P i

sat 

[ F . P . ] i

%omportamiento del olumen de un &as con la presi#n

D" .as o4s"rac*o,"s 0" Bo." )u" ". o.u2", 0" u, 1as "s *,"rsa2",t" %ro%orc*o,a. a .a %r"s*$, a%.*ca0a@ 2a,t",*",0o .a t"2%"ratura co,sta,t"@ s" 0"0u?o )u" %ara ". 2*s2o 1as  a u,a T co,sta,t"@ ". o.u2", "s *,"rsa2",t" %ro%orc*o,a. a .a %r"s*$, a%.*ca0a@  a0"2-s s" ",co,tr$ )u" P9V9  P&V& "s 0"c*r %ara 0os co,0*c*o,"s 0" %r"s*$, 0*="r",t"s s" "r*=*ca .a co,sta,c*a 0". %ro0ucto8 %ondiciones cr$ticas

La r"1*$, 1as"osa a.1u,as "c"s "st- 0**0*0a ", 0os %art"s@ co2o s" *,0*ca 2"0*a,t" .a .3,"a "rt*ca. 0*sco,t*,ua 0" .a =*1ura )u" a%ar"c" ", .a %r$>*2a 0*a%os*t*a8 0*a%os*t*a8 A u, u, 1as a .a *#)u*"r0a *#)u*"r0a 0" "sta .3,"a@ )u" %u"0" s"r co,0",sa0o %or  co2%r"s*$, a t"2%"ratura co,sta,t" o %or ",=r*a2*",to a %r"s*$, co,sta,t"@ s" ." ..a2a a%or8 U, =.u*0o )u" ">*st" a u,a t"2%"ratura 2aor )u" Tc s" co,oc" co2o su%"rcr3t*co@  su %r*,c*%a. caract"r3st*ca "s )u" "st" ,o %u"0" s"r co,0",sa0o %or  u, au2",to 0" .a %r"s*$,8

Presi#n de Vapor 

So4r" ". %u,to tr*%." .a %r"s*$, "s .a %r"s*$, 0" a%or@ cua,0o "s *1ua. a 9 at2os="ra ". %u,to 0" "4u..*c*$, "s ". %u,to 0" "4u..*c*$, ,or2a.8 S* a u,a %r"s*$, 0" a%or 0a0a ". co2%o,",t" "st- a u,a t"2%"ratura *,="r*or a .a 0" ")u*.*4r*o 0" =as"s ",to,c"s 0"c*2os )u" "st- su4",=r*a0o@ s* .a T "s 2aor 0"c*2os )u" "stso4r"ca.",ta0o8 Var*as ">%r"s*o,"s s" ut*.*#a, %ara r"%r"s",tar .a cura 0" %r"s*$, 0" a%or8 La 2-s s*2%." "s .a "cuac*$, 0" C.aus*us C.a%"ro,8 S* s" 1ra=*ca L, Psat s 9T s" o4t*"," u,a .3,"a r"cta8 P"ro "sta "cuac*$, t*"," 4u",a corr".ac*$, so.o %ara u, %")u"o ra,1o 0" t"2%"raturas@ %or .o )u" s" 5a, su1"r*0o ar*os ca24*os8 ln P

sat 

= A −

B T 

Para ">t",0"r ". ra,1o 0" a%.*cac*$,@ u,a 0" "stas "s .a "cuac*$, 0" A,to*,": Do,0" A@ B  C so, co,sta,t"s 0"t"r2*,a0as ">%"r*2",ta.2",t"8 ln P

sat 

= A −

B T + C 

Otra 2o0*=*cac*$, "s .a "cuac*$, 0" Ha1,"r .a cua. s" a%.*ca a u, a2%.*o ra,1o 0" t"2%"raturas@  ">%r"sa .a %r"s*$, r"0uc*0a ", =u,c*$, 0" .a t"2%"ratura r"0uc*0a8 1.5

ln P

sat 

=

 Aτ + B τ 

3

6

+C τ  + τ  1 −τ 

'e la ecuaci#n &eneral

Cua,0o u, s*st"2a 2u.t*co2%o,",t" s" ",cu",tra ", ")u*.*4r*o ", 0os o 2-s =as"s@ s" cu2%.": a<8 La t"2%"ratura 0" to0o ". s*st"2a "s u,*=or2"  co,sta,t" ;")u*.*4r*o t!r2*co< 4<8 La %r"s*$, ", to0o ". s*st"2a "s u,*=or2"  co,sta,t" ;")u*.*4r*o 2"c-,*co< c<8 E. %ot",c*a. )u32*co %or .o ta,to .a =u1ac*0a0 %arc*a. 0" ca0a co2%o,",t" "s ". 2*s2o ", ca0a u,a 0" .as =as"s ;")u*.*4r*o t"r2o0*,-2*co<8

Para ". caso ", )u" .as =as"s )u" =or2a, ". s*st"2a ", ")u*.*4r*o s"a, .as =as"s .3)u*0a  a%or@ .a =u1ac*0a0 %arc*a. 0" ca0a co2%o,",t" ", "sas =as"s "st- 0a0o %or .as ">%r"s*o,"s: Fas" .3)u*0a: l

sat 

 ʄ  i = γixiфi  Pi

sat 

[ F . P . ] i

Fas" a%or:  ʄ  i

vap

=фiyiP

I1ua.a,0o a24as ">%r"s*o,"s@ s" o4t*"," .a "cuac*$, 1","ra. 0" ")u*.*4r*o .3)u*0o   a%or ;2!to0o Ga22a%5*<8 S* ". s*st"2a s" ",cu",tra a %r"s*o,"s 4a?as ;JF8P8K**@* sat   9<@  s* .os co2%o,",t"s 0". s*st"2a so, 0" co,st*tuc*$, )u32*ca s"2"?a,t" *9@ .a "cuac*$, 1","ra. 0" ")u*.*4r*o .3)u*0oa%or a0)u*"r" su =or2a 2-s s*2%." %os*4." co,oc*0a co2o L" 0" Raou.t8  yiP = xiP i

sat 

Variables de un sistema en equilibrio.

Las ar*a4."s 0" u, s*st"2a 2u.t*co2%o,",t" ", ")u*.*4r*o "st- =or2a0o %or .as co2%os*c*o,"s ", =racc*$, 2o. )u" t*"," ca0a co2%o,",t" ", ca0a u,a 0" .as =as"s a0"2-s 0" .a t"2%"ratura  .a %r"s*$, o s"a: Var*a4."s 0" .a =as" a%or: C9 Var*a4."s 0" .a =as" .3)u*0a: C9 T"2%"ratura  %r"s*$,: & Tota. 0" ar*a4."s: &C Do,0" C "s ". ,72"ro 0" co2%o,",t"s 0". s*st"2a8

La r".a 0" .as =as"s 0" G*44s "s u,a ">%r"s*$, )u" ,os 0a ". ,72"ro 0" 1ra0os 0" .*4"rta0 ;,72"ro 0" ar*a4."s o 0atos< %ara )u" u, s*st"2a "st! 0"=*,*0o ;)u" =3s*ca2",t" ">*sta<: FC  Ԓ&

Para ". caso 0" u, %ro4."2a 0" ")u*.*4r*o .3)u*0o a%or ; Ԓ;,72"ro 0" =as"s<  &< s" o4s"ra )u" s" 0"4" co,oc"r co2o 23,*2o u,a ca,t*0a0 0" 0atos *1ua. ". ,72"ro 0" co2%o,",t"s ;C<@ s*",0o .os 0"2-s .as *,c$1,*tas8

Problemas de equilibrio l$quido-apor (ELV)

Pro4."2a ELV Pu,tos 0" 4ur4u?a Pu,tos 0" roc3o Ea%orac*$, *,sta,t-,"a ;=.as5<

No24r" T"2%"ratura 0" 4ur4u?a  %r"s*$, 0" 4ur4u?a T"2%"ratura  %r"s*$, 0" roc3o

Datos Pr"s*$,@ co2%8 Fas" .3)u*0a@ t"2%"ratura Pr"s*$,@ co2%@ =as" a%or@ t"2%"ratura T"2%"ratura@ %r"s*$,  co2% 1.o4a.

I,c$1,*tas T"2%"ratura@ co2%8 Fas" a%or@ %r"s*$, T"2%"ratura@ co2%8 Fas" .3)u*0a Co2%8 Fas" .3)u*0a  a%or  B; =rac8 Va%or*#a0a<

EQUILIBRIO DE FASES E)u*.*4r*o L3)u*0oVa%or 0" so.uc*o,"s 4*,ar*as@ ", ". s",t*0o 0" .a L" 0" Raou.t La r"%r"s",tac*$, tr*0*2",s*o,a. 0" .os s*st"2as 0" ")u*.*4r*o 4*,ar*o %u"0" s"r 0*=3c*. 0" a,a.*#ar %or .o )u" %o0"2os a,a.*#ar "stos s*st"2as a %art*r 0" su r"%r"s",tac*$, ", ". %.a,o@ r"a.*#a,0o cort"s a T"2%"ratura co,sta,t"@ o4t",*",0o 1r-=*cos P s8 X  a Pr"s*$, co,sta,t"@ o4t",*!,0os" 0*a1ra2as T s8 X8 Los 0*a1ra2as 0" E)u*.*4r*o s" 4asa, ", .as s*1u*",t"s %r"2*sas   S" to2a co2o co2%o,",t" u,o ;9< ". co2%o,",t" 2-s o.-t*.   E. "?" 0" .as a4sc*sas co,t",0r- ta,to .os 0atos 0" .a co2%os*c*$, 0". a%or co2o ". 0" .3)u*0o8  E. "?" 0" .as co2%os*c*o,"s *ra 0"  a 9 r"s%"cto a. co2%o,",t" 9 0" *#)u*"r0a a 0"r"c5a  %ara ". co2%o,",t" & 0"  a 9 0" 0"r"c5a a *#)u*"r0a   E, ". "?" 0" .as Or0",a0as *ra P s* .a T "s co,sta,t"  T s* .a P "s co,sta,t"   E. co2%o,",t" 9 s"r- ". )u" t*"," .a Pr"s*$, 0" Va%or ;Psat< 2-s a.ta o .a T"2%"ratura 0" Saturac*$, 2-s 4a?a8

E, ". E)u*.*4r*o LV s" *,tro0uc", .os s*1u*",t"s t!r2*,os: #* : Fracc*$, 0" 2o.ar 1.o4a. o %ro2"0*o 0" .a 2"#c.a 0". co2%o,",t" * X* : Fracc*$, 2o.ar ", .a =as" .3)u*0a * : Fracc*$, 2o.ar ", .a =as" 0" a%or Para ". 4a.a,c" 2o.ar 0" .as =as"s: F: ca,t*0a0 0" 2o."s o =.u?o 2o.ar 0" .a 2"#c.a8 L: Ca,t*0a0 tota. 0" 2o."s ", .a =as" .3)u*0a  V: Ca,t*0a0 tota. 0" 2o."s ", .a =as" 0" Va%or Por 0"=*,*c*$,: Ba.a,c" G.o4a. FLV

Ba.a,c" %or co2%o,",t"s # *F>*L*V

D*a1ra2as P s8 X8 Proc"0*2*",to %ara .a ".a4orac*$, 0" u, 0*a1ra2a P s8 X a T co,sta,t"8   Co2o .a T "s co,sta,t" ca.cu.a2os .as P*sat 0" a24os co2%o,",t"s %u"0" ca.cu.ars" 2"0*a,t" .a "cuac*$, 0" A,to*,"     

B /( T + C )

 Asu2*2os .os a.or"s 0" .a co2%os*c*$, 0" .a =as" .3)u*0a 0". co2%o,",t" 2-s o.-t*. >9 ",tr"   98  Ca.cu.a2os .a P 0". s*st"2a "2%."a,0o .a L" 0" Raou.t co.oc-,0o.a ", =u,c*$, 0" >9 8 9  99 

su2a,0o: 9  9  x&

&  &&    99   &&    9 ;9   & )  & 

 Co, ca0a a.or 0" >9 ca.cu.a2os .a corr"s%o,0*",t" %r"s*$,   Las co2%os*c*o,"s 0" .a =as" .3)u*0a .as 0"t"r2*,a2os %or Raou.t8 9  99 

 Gra=*ca2os > 9 s8 P  9 s8 P@ o4t",*",0o .as curas 0" 4ur4u?a  roc3o r"s%"ct*a2",t"

D*a1ra2as T s8 X8 Proc"0*2*",to %ara .a ".a4orac*$, 0" u, 0*a1ra2a T s8 X a P co,sta,t"8 Da0a u,a %r"s*$, tota. P  Ca.cu.a2os .a T*sat %ara ca0a co2%o,",t" %or A,to*,"8     /(   )  i

 Co, T9sat  T&sat ca.cu.a0os@ asu2*2os a.or"s ", "s" ra,1o8  Co, ca0a a.or ",tr" T 9sat  T&sat@ ca.cu.a2os P9sat  P&sat %or A,to*,"   Su%o,*",0o -.*0a .a L" 0" Raou.t  "sta4."c*",0o .a r".ac*$, 0" Pr"s*$, %ara & co2%o,",t"s:   9 9   &   & at  

 



D"s%"?a2os >9  ca.cu.a2os "sta %ara ca0a P *sat 9  ;  & < ;9   & )

 Co,oc*0as to0as .as > 9 ca.cu.a2os 9 %or .a "cuac*$, 0" Raou.t  Ca.cu.a2os to0os .os > 9  ca.cu.a2os .as  9 %or Raou.t 9  ;99 )/ 

Ca.cu.a2os 9 a ca0a > 9  P9sat co, P co,sta,t"8 Co,oc*0as >9 %ara ca0a T tra#a2os .a cura 0" 4ur4u?a8 Co,oc*0a 9 %ara ca0a T tra#a2os .a cura 0" roc3o8

Procedimiento e*perimental! a<8 Pr"%arar u,a s"r*" 0" so.uc*o,"s 0" 2"ta,o.;9< " *so%ro%a,o.;&<@ ", .as )u" .a co,c",trac*$, 0". 2"ta,o.;9< ar3" 0"s0" 8@ 89@888 98 =rac8 2o.8 4<8 M"0*r a ca0a so.uc*$, ". 3,0*c" 0" r"=racc*$, ;<@  ".a4orar u,a 1r-=*ca 0"  s >9 a .a )u" s" ..a2a: Cura 0" ca.*4rac*$,8 c<8 Co.ocar .a %r*2"ra so.uc*$, ", ". r"c*%*",t" 0". ")u*%o@ %o,"r ". r"c*%*",t" so4r" .a %arr*..a 0" ca.",ta2*",to co, u,a a1*tac*$, .",ta@ ca.",tar ". .3)u*0o 5asta "4u..*c*$,@ "s%"rar u, 2o2",to %ara as"1urars" )u" .a t"2%"ratura s"a co,ta,t"  a,otar.a: "s .a t"2%"ratura 0" 4ur4u?a8 0<8 D" .a %rotu4"ra,c*a )u" t*"," ". ")u*%o ", ". %*" 0". r"=r*1"ra,t"@ )u" "s u, 0"%$s*to 0" co,0",sa0o@ to2ar u,a 2u"stra %or 2"0*o 0" u,a %*%"ta 0".1a0a  u,a %"r*..a@ 0"%os*t-,0o.a ", u, tu4o 0" ",sao %r"*a2",t" "t*)u"ta0o@ ta%-,0o.a *,2"0*ata2",t"8 Para .as so.uc*o,"s )u" corr"s%o,0", a .as susta,c*as %uras@ ,o "s ,"c"sar*o to2ar 2u"stra 0" co,0",sa0o8 "<8 R"%"t*r %ara ca0a so.uc*$, .os %asos c  08 =<8 Es%"rar a )u" .as 2u"stras )u" co,t*",", ". co,0",sa0o "st!, a .a t"2%"ratura a24*",t" %ara 2"0*r ". 3,0*c" 0" r"=racc*$, a ca0a u,a8 1<8 Co, au0a 0" .a cura 0" ca.*4rac*$, ".a4ora0a ", ". %aso 4@ 0"t"r2*,ar .a =racc*$, 2o. 0". 2"ta,o. ", .os a%or"s@ ", ". 2o2",to ", )u" s" 0*o ". ")u*.*4r*o .3)u*0oa%or8

'ia&rama de +lujo del procedimiento e*perimental Equilibrio Liquido-Vapor de un sistema que obedece la Ley de Raoult.

a< Pr"%arar u,a s"r*" 0" so.uc*o,"s 0" 2"ta,o. " *so%ro%a,o.

4< Co.ocar .as so.uc*o,"s ", r"c*%*",t" 0". ")u*%o *,sta.a0o@ %o,"r r"c*%*",t" so4r" .a %arr*..a 0" ca.",ta2*",to co, u,a a1*tac*$,8 Ca.",tar ". .3)u*0o 5asta "4u..*c*$,@ "s%"rar a )u" t"2%"ratura s"a co,ta,t"  a,otar: "sa "s .a t"2 "ratura 0" 4ur4u a8 A a ar .a arr*..a8

c< D" %rotu4"ra,c*a )u" t*"," ". ")u*%o ", %*" 0". r"=r*1"ra,t"@ )u" "s u, 0"%$s*to 0" co,0",sa0o@ to2ar 2u"stra %or 2"0*o 0" u,a %*%"ta 0".1a0a  u,a %"r*..a@ 0"%os*tar.a ", u, tu4o 0" ",sao %r"*a2",t" "t*)u"ta0o@ ta%-,0o.a *,2"0*ata2",t"8 Para .as so.uc*o,"s )u" corr"s%o,0", a .as susta,c*as %uras@ ,o "s ,"c"sar*o to2ar 2u"stra 0" co,0",sa0o8

0< Es%"rar )u" .as 2u"stras )u" co,t*",", ". co,0",sa0o "st!, a .a t"2%"ratura a24*",t" %ara 2"0*r ". 3,0*c" 0" r"=racc*$, ;< a ca0a u,a8

" R" "t*r ara ca0a so.uc*$, .os asos 4 c 0

=< Co, au0a 0" .os 0atos ">%"r*2",ta."s ".a4orar c-.cu.os ">%"r*2",ta."s  0"sarro..ar c-.cu.os t"$r*cos %ara as3 0"s%u!s 5ac"r 1r-=*cas  %o0"r r"a.*#ar .as o4s"rac*o,"s  co,c.us*o,"s8

%álculos Gra=*ca,0o .os a.or"s 0" > 9 s ɳ .*) s" ,ota )u" t*"," u, co2%orta2*",to 0" u,a "cuac*$, cua0r-t*ca  a%.*ca,0o a .a 1r-=*ca .a =u,c*$, 0" "cuac*$, 0" r"1r"s*$, cua0r-t*ca ,os 0a 0*c5a "cuac*$, cua0r-t*ca co, .os a.or"s 0" a@ 4  c8 x1

ɳ liq

98'(+ 98'('' 98'W 98' 98'++ 98'( 98'( 98''' 98'+&9 98''++ 98'&('

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

>9  '8+&,.*) &  &(8(( , .*)  9'89' Do,0" s" a?usta ta24*!, a:  9  '8+&,co,0 &  &(8(( , co,0  9'89' a

4

c

 sust*tu",0o a.or"s 0" , co,0 %ara ca0a a.or 0" >9 s" t*"," a.or"s 0" 9 ">%"r*2",ta."s: ɳ cond .3/ .3010 .32 .3241 .3115 .3134 .3140 .333 .3455

,

89 8& 8' 8+ 8 8 8( 8W 8

9  '8+& ;98'((<&  &(8(( ;98'((<  9'89' /.033

&  '8+& ;98'+<&  &(8(( ;98'+<  9'89' /.3041// '  '8+& ;98'(W<&  &(8(( ;98'(W<  9'89' /.2211542 +  '8+& ;98'&+<&  &(8(( ;98'&+<  9'89' /.04525   '8+& ;98'++<&  &(8(( ;98'++<  9'89' /./3255   '8+& ;98'+'&<&  &(8(( ;98'+'&<  9'89' /.44 (  '8+& ;98'+&<&  &(8(( ;98'+&<  9'89' /.32210 W  '8+& ;98'''(<&  &(8(( ;98'''(<  9'89' /.5424/   '8+& ;98'&<&  &(8(( ;98'&<  9'89' /.51025344 Sa4*",0o )u" ", ". ")u*.*4r*o: = *  = *L  Ø i ^

*PT>*P*satɣ*

S" %u"0" to2ar a.or"s 0":

 Ø i=1 ^

 ɣ*  9

yiP67*iPisat (Ley de Raoult)

",to,c"s: 9PT>9P9sat &PT>&P&sat Co, au0a 0" .a "cuac*$, 0" A,to*," t","2os: Lo1;Psat< ;torr< A 

B T  (° C )+ C 

8 ;9< 'onde torr7mm8&

Para M"ta,o.  A9 B9 W8W( 9W&8&(9 Para Iso%ro%a,o.  A& W8W(W&

B& &98'&

C9 &'8(& C& &&8'

La "cuac*$, )u"0a co2o: PT>9P9sat  ;9>9
P  X9Y

 A1−

10

B1 T + C 1

 A2−

  ;9>9<

10

B2 T + C 2

 ; '<

Do,0": ,

-* / /. /.4 /.3 /.1 /.2 /.0 /. /. /.5 

P6

9 8 8W 8( 8 8 8+ 8' 8& 89 

W W W W W W W W W W W

Para ",co,trar ". a.or 0" .as t"2%"raturas s" ,"c"s*ta r"so."r .a "cuac*$, ;'< t",*",0o .os a.or"s a,t"r*or"s %ara ca0a a.or 0" > * T

P  X9Y

 A1−

10

B1 T + C 1

 A2−

  ;9>9<

9< W22/1  ;
10

8.08097 −

10

B2 T + C 2

 

; '< Do,0" PT "s co,sta,t" 1582.271

76.32421522 + 239.726

  ;9<

8.87829−

10

 

2010.320

76.32421522 + 252.636

6teo7 0.3414244 9%

&< W22/1  ;89
10

8.08097 −

 

1582.271

73.9857326+ 239.726

  ;989<

10

8.87829−

 

2010.320

73.9857326 + 252.636

64teo7 3.52340 9%

'< W22/1  ;8&
8.08097 −

10

 

1582.271

71.7803772 + 239.726

  ;98&<

8.87829−

10

 

2010.320

71.7803772 + 252.636

+< W22/1  ;8'
8.08097−

10

 

1582.271

69.7011316 + 239.726

8.87829−

  ;98'<

10

 

2010.320

69.7011316 + 252.636

61teo7 05./30 9%

< W22/1  ;8+
8.08097 −

10

 

1582.271

67.7403666 + 239.726

8.87829−

  ;98+<

10

 

2010.320

67.7403666 + 252.636

62teo7 0.1/3000 9%

< W22/1  ;8
8.08097−

10

 

1582.271

65.8902482 + 239.726

  ;98<

10

8.87829−

 

2010.320

65.8902482+ 252.636

60teo7 02.5/414 9%

(< W22/1  ;8
8.08097 −

10

 

1582.271

64.1430239 + 239.726

8.87829−

  ;98<

10

 

2010.320

64.1430239 + 252.636

6teo7 01.13/435 9%

W< W22/1  ;8(
8.08097−

10

 

1582.271

62.4912121 + 239.726

  ;98(<

10

8.87829−

 

2010.320

62.4912121+ 252.636

6teo7 04.1544 9%

< W22/1  ;8W
8.08097 −

10

 

1582.271

60.9277186 + 239.726

8.87829−

  ;98W<

10

 

2010.320

60.9277186 + 252.636

65teo7 0/.540 9%

9<W22/1  ;8
10

8.08097 −

 

1582.271

59.4458999+ 239.726

  ;98<

10

8.87829−

 

2010.320

59.4458999+ 252.636

6/teo7 25.112555 9%

99<W22/1  ;9
Para metanol!

8.08097 −

10

 

1582.271

58.03958985 + 239.726

  ;99<

8.87829−

10

 

2010.320

58.03958985 + 252.636

 A1−

sat 9

;P < 

10

B1 T + C 1

SAT

9< P   ;
%ara ca0a a.or 0" >* 8.08097 −

10

SAT

&< P   ;89
SAT

'< P   ;8&
SAT

1) P

  ;8'
SAT

< P   ;8+
< P   ;8
(< P   ;8
W< P   ;8(
SAT

< P   ;8W
9

99

 

8.08097 −

10

8.08097−

10

8.08097 −

10

8.08097−

10

8.08097 −

10

8.08097−

10

8.08097 −

10

8.08097−

10

8.08097 −

10

8.08097 −

10

1582.271

76.32421522 + 239.726

 

  ..32/40mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522+ 239.726

 

1582.271

76.32421522 + 239.726

 

 //3.2/1mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522+ 239.726

 

 0/.05mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522+ 239.726

 

 1.5021mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522+ 239.726

 

 02.50403mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522+ 239.726

 

 //.23235mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522 + 239.726

 

 /./12//mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522 + 239.726

 

 54.4334mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522 + 239.726

 

 /5.2444mm8&

 05.0340mm8&

1582.271

76.32421522 + 239.726

Ca.cu.a,0o * %ara ca0a a.or 0" >*

 22mm8&

sat 

9;t"o<

 x 1 P 1  P T 

9< ;t"o<

4) ;t"o<

'< ;t"o<

+< ;t"o<

< ;t"o<

< ;t"o<

(< ;t"o<

W< ;t"o<

< ;t"o<

0 ( 1187. .35026 mmHg)

/

585 mmHg

0.1 ( 1089.58222 mmHg ) 585 mmHg

0.2 ( 1003.58074 mmHg) 585 mmHg

0.3 ( 927.727332 mmHg) 585 mmHg

0.4 ( 860.617911 mmHg ) 585 mmHg

(

0.5 801.045007 mmHg

)

585 mmHg

0.6 ( 747.976154 mmHg ) 585 mmHg

0.7 ( 700.531539 mmHg) 585 mmHg

0.8 ( 657.962637 mmHg) 585 mmHg

 /.04233

 /.313/123

 /.1220

 /.212005

 /.010232

 /.022/3

 /.3414

 /.555

9<;t"o<

99<;t"o<

0.9 ( 619.632776 mmHg) 585 mmHg

1 ( 585 mmHg ) 585 mmHg

 /.52345



6abla de datos e*perimentales ɳ (l:q)

, / /. /.4 /.3 /.1 /.2 /.0 /.

ɳ (cond)

6e*p (;%)

98'(+ 98'('' 98'W 98' 98'++ 98'( 98'( 98'''

( ( (' (9  W  '

< e*p

98'(+ 98'(( 98'+ 98'(W 98'&+ 98'++ 98'+'& 98'+&

 89WW('(' 8'(&+( 8++9& 8(&(W 8W'9W 8W&((&9(W 8W'(+

98'+&9 98''++ 98'&('

/. /.5 

&  

6abla de resultados * (=rac . >ol L$q)

/ /. /.4 /.3 /.1 /.2 /.0 /. /. /.5 

6teo (;%)

Psat7  A1−

10

 <(teo)7 B1 T + C 1

(mm8&)

(8'&+& 9&& ('8W( '& (98(W' ((& 8(99 '9 (8(+'  8W& +W& +89+' &' &8+9& 9&9 8&(( 9W 8++W  W8' WW

99W(88'&  9W8W&&&

 x 1 P 1  P T 

sat 

(=rac. >ol Vapor)



98'&((

89W&'' ( 8'+'9+ ' 8+((( 9 8WW+  8W+'W  8((9 ' 8W'W&+&W ( 8W((( ( 8'&W99

W

9

9'8W(+ &(8(&(''& W89(99 W98+( (+(8(9+ (8'9' (8&'(

98'''( 98'& 98'&('

8&&W99 8+'&& 9

?rá+icas ?rá+ica ! “%ura de calibraci#n”

“ɳ (L$quido) s *”

ɳ liq x1 1.3754 1.3733 1.3698 1.3696 1.3644 1.3607 1.3557 1.3533 1.3421 1.3344 1.3273

 89 8& 8' 8+ 8 8 8( 8W 8 9

1.38

1.37

1.36

1.35

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1.34

1.33

1.32

1.31

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0.2

0.3

0.4

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1 f(x) = - 350.42x^2 + 927.77x - 613.13

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0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1.32

1.33

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?rá+ica 1! “6 teo (9%) s * (l$quido)@ y  (teo) (apor)” T teo (°C) 76.3242 152 73.9857 326 71.7803 772 69.7011 316 67.7403 666 65.8902 482 64.1430 239 62.4912 121 60.9277 186 59.4458 999 58.0395 899

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0

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0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

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X1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

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* Obseraciones •

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•

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•

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•

t"2%"ratura 0"4" s"r co,sta,t"@ !sta "s .a t"2%"ratura 0" 4ur4u?a8 S" 0"4" t","r su=*c*",t" co,0",sa0o %ara %o0"r to2ar u,a 2u"stra 

•

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•

a24*",t" %ara 2"0*r ". 3,0*c" 0" r"=racc*$,8 Co, .a 1r-=*ca 0" ɳ s >9@ s" %u"0" 0"t"r2*,ar .a =racc*$, 2o. 0". 2"ta,o.

•

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%onclusiones

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Aiblio&ra+$a! -

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-

Cast"..a,@ G8 ;9W'<8 I,t"ra2"r*ca,o@ S8A8

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Co."ct*o 0" autor"s: Qu32*ca o,c",o 1ra0o8 E08 Pu"4.o  E0ucac*$,8 C*u0a0 0" La /a4a,a@Cu4a8 9(W@ %-1 9&8

F*s*co)u32*ca8

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E0ucat*o

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R*c5ar0 E8 D*c["rso,@ /arr B8 Gra8 Pr*,c*%*os 0" )u32*ca8 E0*tor*a. R""rt! S8A8 Barc".o,a ;9&< 'ra "0**$,@ %-1 ; +(  '<8 %uestionario!

a) 'escribir el si&ni+icado +isco de la ecuaci#n de la Ley de Raoult!

Esta4."c" co2o co,c.us*$,: E, u,a 0*so.uc*$, *0"a.@ .as %r"s*o,"s %arc*a."s 0" ca0a co2%o,",t" ", ". a%or@ so, 0*r"cta2",t" %ro%orc*o,a."s a sus r"s%"ct*as =racc*o,"s 2o.ar"s ", .a 0*so.uc*$, E>%r"sa0a s*24$.*ca2",t" "sta ." a0o%ta .a =or2a: P*Po*8 X* D$,0": P* Pr"s*$, 0" a%or 0". co2%o,",t" * ", .a 2"#c.a8

•

•

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•

Es 0"c*r )u" .a %r"s*$, 0" a%or 0". so.uto cr"c" .*,"a.2",t" co, su =racc*$, 2o.ar8 Caract"r3st*cas U,a "# )u" .os co2%o,",t"s 0" .a so.uc*$, 5a, a.ca,#a0o ". ")u*.*4r*o )u32*co@ .a %r"s*$, tota. 0". a%or "s: Pso.uc*$,  P9;%uro
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•

X* "s .a =racc*$, 2o.ar 0". co2%o,",t" ", so.uc*$,

b) "ndique cuales son las condiciones que alidan la aplicaci#n de la ecuaci#n de la Ley de Raoult

Para )u" s" cu2%.a a. 9\ .a ." 0" Raou.t "s ,"c"sar*o )u" ". .3)u*0o s"a u,a 0*so.uc*$, *0"a.@ ". a%or u,a 2"#c.a 0" 1as"s *0"a."s   )u" .a =u1ac*0a0 0". .3)u*0o ,o ar3" s*1,*=*cat*a2",t" co, .a %r"s*$,@ "sta 7.t*2a co,0*c*$, a "c"s s" ">%r"sa co2o )u" ". =actor 0" corr"cc*$, 0" %o,t*,1 s"a 0" a.or 98 E, ")u*.*4r*o L*)u*0o  Va%or@ .a r".ac*$, )u" s" co2%orta s"17, .a *0"a.*0a0 0" .a L" 0" Raou.t s"r3a .a s*1u*",t"

Do,0"

P6  La %r"s*$, tota. 0". s*st"2a ", ")u*.*4r*o  <  Co2%os*c*$, ", .a =as" a%or@ co2%u"sto 9 ,  Co2%os*c*$, ", .a =as" L*)u*0a@ co2%u"sto 9

 Pr"s*$, 0" a%or co2%u"sto 9 c) "ndique la +uncionalidad de la Re&la de las =ases.

Para 0"scr*4*r ". "sta0o 0" ")u*.*4r*o 0" u, s*st"2a 0" ar*as =as"s  0*"rsas "s%"c*"s )u32*cas 0"4"r"2os co,oc"r ". ,72"ro 0" ar*a4."s *,t",s*as *,0"%",0*",t"s )u" 0"=*,", ". s*st"2a8 Para co,oc"r "st" ,72"ro s" a%.*ca .a r"1.a 0" .as =as"s: LC F& 0o,0" L "s ,72"ro 0" ar*a4."s *,t",s*as *,0"%",0*",t"s ;1ra0os 0" .*4"rta0<@ C ". ,72"ro 0" co2%o,",t"s )u32*cos 0". s*st"2a@  F ". ,72"ro 0" =as"s %r"s",t"s ", ". s*st"2a8 Cua,0o ", ". s*st"2a %u"0", ocurr*r u,a o ar*as r"acc*o,"s )u32*cas ;r<@ ",to,c"s ". ,72"ro 0" ar*a4."s *,t",s*as *,0"%",0*",t"s s" r"0uc" ", ". ,72"ro 0" r"acc*o,"s )u" ocurr",  .a r"1.a 0" .as =as"s s" tra,s=or2a ",:LCF&r  P"ro a0"2-s s* ", ". s*st"2a ">*st", r".ac*o,"s 0"4*0as a .a "st")u*o2"tr*a o 0" co,s"rac*$, 0" .a "."ctro,"utra.*0a0 0". s*st"2a@ ". ,72"ro 0" ar*a4."s *,t",s*as *,0"%",0*",t"s s" r"0uc" ", u, ,72"ro corr"s%o,0*",t" a "stas r".ac*o,"s )u" ..a2ar"2os a8 La r"1.a 0" .as =as"s co, to0as "stas r"str*cc*o,"s )u"0a 0"=*,*0a %or .a s*1u*",t" "cuac*$,: LCF&ra d) 'escriba la dinámica de aplicaci#n y limitaciones de la Ley de Raoult

La t"or3a 0" .a 0"st*.ac*$, "s u,a 0" .as a%.*cac*o,"s 0" .a ." 0" Raou.t8 S" "2%."a co, ". o4?"t*o 0" s"%arar .os co2%o,",t"s %uros8 S* "stos

%os"", t"2%"ratura 0" "4u..*c*$, 2u 0*="r",t"s s" s"%ara, %or 0"st*.ac*$, s*2%."  s* %os"", t"2%"ratura 0" "4u..*c*$, 2u %r$>*2os %or 0"st*.ac*$, =racc*o,a0a8 U,a .*2*tac*$, 0" .a ." 0" Raou.t "s )u" s" a%.*ca so.o a "s%"c*"s cua %r"s*$, 0" a%or s" co,oc"8 Para "..o s" r")u*"r" )u" .as "s%"c*"s s"a, su4 cr3t*cas@ "s 0"c*r@ )u" .a t"2%"ratura 0" a%.*cac*$, s"a 2",or )u" .a t"2%"ratura cr*t*ca 0" .as "s%"c*"s8 S" cu2%." s$.o %ara 0*so.uc*o,"s *0"a."s ,o o4sta,t" "s u,a 4u",a a%ro>*2ac*$, cua.*tat*a8 e) 'escriba el si&ni+icado +$sico del dia&rama 6 s *y para un sistema binario ideal

E, "sta =*1ura s" r"%r"s",ta@ a %r"s*$, co,sta,t"@ ". 0*a1ra2a %ara .as 2"#c.as 0". co2%o,",t" A ;)u" 5*"r" a T A<  ". co2%o,",t" B ;)u" 5*"r" a T B<8 E. co2%o,",t" A "s ". 2-s o.-t*.8 Las t"2%"raturas r"%r"s",ta, ", or0",a0as@  .as co,c",trac*o,"s ", a4sc*sas8 E. 0*a1ra2a co,sta 0" & curas cuos ">tr"2os co*,c*0",8 U, %u,to cua.)u*"ra co2o "  s*tua0o so4r" .a cura su%"r*or@ r"%r"s",ta a u,a =as" a%or )u" co2*",#a a co,0",sar a .a t"2%"ratura T8 La co,c",trac*$, 0" .a %r*2"ra 1ota 0" .3)u*0o )u" s" =or2a "str"%r"s",ta0a %or ". %u,to 08 La .3,"a su%"r*or s" ..a2a cura 0" %u,to 0" roc3o8 Cua.)u*"r %u,to co2o ". > 0" .a cura *,="r*or r"%r"s",ta .3)u*0o )u" co2*",#a a 5"r*r a .a t"2%"ratura T98 La co2%os*c*$, 0" .a %r*2"ra 4ur4u?a 0" a%or )u" s" =or2a "st%r"s",ta0a %or ". %u,to "8 La cura *,="r*or s" ..a2a cura 0". %u,to 0" 4ur4u?a8 Dos %u,tos cua."s)u*"ra s*tua0os so4r" .a 2*s2a .3,"a 5or*#o,ta.@

co2o .os >@ "@ @ r"%r"s",ta, co,c",trac*o,"s 0" .3)u*0o  a%or ", ")u*.*4r*o a .a t"2%"ratura 0a0a %or su or0",a0a8 To0os .os %u,tos s*tua0os %or ",c*2a 0" .a cura su%"r*or@ co2o ". a@ r"%r"s",ta, 2"#c.as =or2a0as %or a%or@ r"ca.",ta0o %or ",c*2a 0" su t"2%"ratura 0" saturac*$,8 To0os .os %u,tos s*tua0os %or 0"4a?o 0" .a cura *,="r*or@ co2o ". 4@ corr"s%o,0", a 2"#c.as =or2a0as tota.2",t" %or .3)u*0o =r3o@ "s 0"c*r a u,a t"2%"ratura *,="r*or a su t"2%"ratura 0" "4u..*c*$,8 Los %u,tos co2%r",0*0os ",tr" .as 0os curas@ co2o ". c@ corr"s%o,0", a s*st"2as %arc*a.2",t" co,st*tu*0os %or a%or  .3)u*0o ", ")u*.*4r*o8 +) 'escriba el si&ni+icado +$sico del dia&rama P s *y para un sistema binario ideal.

Cura 0" 4ur4u a

Cura 0" roc3o

La r"%r"s",tac*$, 0" P ", =u,c*$, 0"  A@ "s otra 2a,"ra 0" r"%r"s",tar ". 0*a1ra2a 0" =as"s@ %u"s .a .3,"a "s ". .32*t" ",tr" .as r"1*o,"s 0" "sta4*.*0a0 0" .as 0os =as"s8 S" %u"0" ut*.*#ar cua.)u*"ra 0" .os 0*a1ra2as %ara a,a.*#ar .os ")u*.*4r*os 0" =as"s 0" u,a 2"#c.a8 S*, "24ar1o@ s* *,t"r"sa ". %roc"so 0" 0"st*.ac*$,@ ta,to .a co2%os*c*$, 0". a%or co2o .a 0". .3)u*0o so, 0" *,t"r!s@ ", cuo caso "s co,",*",t" co24*,ar a24os 0*a1ra2as ", u,o so.o8 E, "st" 0*a1ra2a@ # A @ r"%r"s",ta .a =racc*$, 2o.ar  tota. 0" A ", ". s*st"2a ;co2%os*c*$, 1.o4a.<8 Por ",c*2a 0" .a .3,"a su%"r*or ;0",o2*,a0a cura .3)u*0a@ PT s > A< .a %r"s*$, "s .o su=*c*",t"2",t" "."a0a co2o %ara )u" ". s*st"2a s$.o co,t",1a =as" .3)u*0a  ",to,c"s # A "s *0!,t*co a > A8 Por 0"4a?o 0" .a .3,"a *,="r*or ;cura a%or@ PT s  A< .a %r"s*$, "s .o su=*c*",t"2",t" 4a?a co2o %ara )u" ". s*st"2a s$.o co,t",1a =as" a%or  # A "s *0!,t*co a  A8 Los %u,tos ",tr" a24as .3,"as )u" so, 1ra=*ca0as r"%r"s",ta, s*st"2as ", )u" .as 0os =as"s co">*st", ", ")u*.*4r*o8