Z|on% \hegto Costg y Dhpha |o <::= y Geo Ihctm~o dh <::=/<:7: Cgdg k|xzo dh mthes memcmg!sh zo| xag gaost|g dh dgdo s dh dm~h|sg egtx|hpg wxh zodh coethazig| dmszosmëão thvtxgi dos heóaheos/ngctos cmhetánmcos) nmkx|gs h tglhigs% Hstg hvzosmëão dg meno|agëão í xag |hnh|àecm docxahetgi nxedgahetgi wxh o gixeo dh~h coesmdh|g| zg|g |hsz edh| gos mthes shkxmeths%
GS \HSZOSTG \HSZOSTGSS S O OL\MKGT OL\MKGTO\MGA O\MGAHTH HTH D DGS XAG XAG NOIFG NOIFG G DHSMKG DHSMKG\ \ WXH O G Z\HSHT Z\HSHT WXH COSTM COSTMTXM TXM\ \ O MCO MCO SXZO\TH SX@HMTO Ê CIGSSMNMCGËÃO%
K\XZO M O C|oaossoag ] h g Menh|tmimdgdh
Gzhsg| dos hstxdos methesm~os sol|h o kheoag do c|oaossoag ]) g dhscolh|tg dh khehs hszhcánmcos h dg sxg |hgi hvz|hssão coa mazo|tìecmg eg hszh|ag okíehsh zh|agehch zo| hixcmdg| dh~mdo ê gxsà cmg dh hstxdos do çcmdo dhsovm||mloexcihmco &DEG- hnhctxgdos h smaxitìeho coa xa dmgkeóstmco cmtoiókmco7 thstmcxig| z|hcmso% Zo| zossxm|aos xag dgs agmo|hs sí|mhs dh zgcmheths gpooszí|amcos< h zhio ngcto dhsth zgcmheths sh onh|hch|ha zg|g o thstácxio sh| hvzio|gdo lmigth|gia eth zo| lmozsmgs3 aðitmzigs) to|eg!sh zossá~hi coefhch| g shwxàecmg do DEG do c|oaossoag ] h hstglhihch|!sh xag co||higëão het|h gs geoagimgs hecoet|gdgs h os hstçdmos hszhcánmcos do cmcio dg hszh|agtokíehsh% G |gpão dh s | dgs lmozsmgs thstmcxig|hs z|hedh!sh coa o ngc o dh th|aos xag thceoiokmg ha ahdmcmeg dg |hz|odxëão ha wxh í z ssá~hi gagdx|hch| me ~mt|o gs cíixigs kh|amegms magtx|gs h dhzoms xsç!igs ha amc|ome`hcëão) zg|g gssma zodh|aos onh|hch| g zossmlmimdgdh dh xag zgth|emdgdh kheítm g gos foahes sha hszh|agtopómdhs% Os zgcmheths sh|ão z|mahm|gaheth hstxdgdos ha |higëão go hszh|aok|gag4 h go cg|mótm o0 o z|mahm|o zg|g coenm|ag| g gpooszh|amg h o shkxedo zg|g zodh| os hvcixm| do hstxdo todos os cgsos coa geoa imgs dos c|oaossoags% O DEG kheóamco sh|ç hstxdgdo ha 7:: f ahes dh nh|tmimdgdh coaz|o~gdg &coesxitg do z| mahm|o t|mahst|h dh xag k|g~mdhp- h ha 7:: zgcmheths gpooszí| mcos sxlahtmdos go dmgkeóstmco dg lmozsmg thstm xig| aðitmzig h lmigth|gi% O hvgah cmtoiókmco me ~mt|o zh|amtm|ç shkahetg| os zgcmheths ha cmeco k|xzos z|mecmzgms0 ∜
Gzigsmg0 gxsàecmg dh cíixigs dh Sh|toim h dh cíixigs kh|amegms2
Nmkx|g 7G) L) C h D0 |hz|hshetgëão hswxhaçtmcg dg zg|hdh do tðlxio shameánh|o ha dmnh|heths ngshs dg hszh|agtokíehsh) Gdgztgdo dh Smi~g &7===-) \hsxao do Z|o`hcto Fgziot}zh Gegi}sms on ]w77%< gs \higthd to Szhcmnmc Szh|agtokhemc Stgkhs
Eotgs dgs nmkx|gs0 Hsth k|xzo dh magkhes hstç dmszosto gihgto|mgaheth% Zo|tgeto) gs ngshs dg hszh|agtokíehsh eão hstão dh~mdgaheth o|dhegdgs% Coesmdh|h wxh g dm~h|smdgdh dh cíixigs dh dmnh|heth tmzoiokmg ~g|mg dh G zg|g D% G meth|z|htgëão shwxhecmgi ngch g hsths dgdos ih~g ê |higëão wxgeto g hstg dm~h|smdgdh chixig| eo ìalmto dh xag hszh|agtokíehsh% Ch|tgaheth wxh g ~g|mhdgdh dh tmzoiokmg chixig| wxh olsh|~g) zo| hvhazio) eo nmegi dg ngsh dh c|hscmaheto í dmnh|heth dgwxhig g wxh gssmsth gss msth eo nmegi dg ngsh dg a agtx|gëão% gtx|gëão% Dh |hco|dg| wxh g nheoaheoiokmg dhstg kgahtokíehsh tha xa coazo|tgaheto tázmco ê ahdmdg wxh sh zh|co||h xa t|g`hcto shameánh|o ha dm|hcëão go iðahe dos |hszhctm~os tðlxios% O hstgdo dg hszh|agtokíehsh agms g~geëgdg |h~higdg ehstgs magkhes í o tí|ameo dg ngsh ngs h dg agtx|gëão%
7%
Cigssmnmwxh coao ~h|dgdhm|g &^- ox ngisg &N- cgdg xag dgs gnm|agëøhs shkxmeths shkxmeths |higtm~gs go z|o`hcto dh me~hstmkgëão |hsxamdo gcmag h ês magkhes dg nmk% 7% &G- Xag coedmëão zg|g xag me~hstmkgëão c|hdá~hi dhsth cgso í g geçimsh coalmegdg dgs axtgëøhs go eá~hi do
c|oaossoag ] h dh geoagimgs cmtoiókmcgs dgs cíixigs dg imefg kh|amegtm~g% &L- Sh fox~h| zg|gkha z|hcoch dg hszh|agtokíehsh gzós g ahmosh) eão sh no|aga hszh|agtopómdhs% &C- Zodh gnm|ag|!sh coa ch|thpg wxh os medm~ádxos coa gzigsmg h Sáed|oah dh Sh|toim eão z|odxpha
thstosth|oeg% &D- O hvgah cmtoiókmco zh|amth mdhetmnmcg| os khehs |hszoesç~hms zhig gpooszh|amg% &H- Hsth hstxdo dh cgso í meo~gdo| eg ahdmdg ha wxh eão hvmstha me~hstmkgëøhs do kheoag do c|oaossoag ]
sol|h medm~ádxos cx`o z|olihag dh menh|tmimdgdh í coefhcmdo%
&N- Doheths gpooszí|amcos zo| gzigsmg eão zossxha |hchzto|hs zg|g g NSF) eo coethvto dg |hkxigëão dg
nxeëão thstmcxig|% &K- Gs magkhes dg nmk%7 dmpha |hszhmto g xa medm~ádxo coa g Sáed|oah dh Sh|toim% &F- Gs lmozsmgs thstmcxig|hs aðitmzigs h lmigth|gms eão mecmdm|ga eos tðlxios shameánh|os%
<%
Gs gnm|agëøhs wxh sh shkxha sxkh|ha g coazihvmdgdh |h~higdg |h~higdg zhio cmcio shvxgi nhamemeo wxgeto ês aðitmzigs |higëøhs het|h gs hst|xtx|gs fmzotgiìamcgs h fmzonmsç|mgs) gs kóegdgs h oxt|os ó|kãos |hz|odxto|hs |hz|odxto|hs wxh o shvo agscximeo eão coethazig% O cmcio o~ç|mco í xag dgs axmtgs ~g|mç~hms g coe`xkg| eo cmcio shvxgi dg axifh|) shedo |hkxigdo zo| ahcgemsaos fo|aoegms% 7% O zmco dh IF ~msá~hi ehsth cmcio shvxgi í g |hzostg dg fmzónmsh ê |ht|ogcëão do zmco dh hst|okíemos zo| nhhdlgcb ehkgtm~o% <% Eg z|mahm|g ahtgdh do cmcio shvxgi nhamemeo) g coechet|gëão dh hst|okíemos dhshecgdhmg os doms tmzos dh
|ht|ogcëão eo fmzotçigao% 3% G |xztx|g do noiácxio agdx|o h o~xigëão meh|heth í |hsxitgdo mahdmgto do zmco açvmao dh IF% Thsth dh G~gimgëão Hsc|mtg dh \hsh|~g &7-% Zçkmeg < dh ;
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh gs g~gimg co||hctgaheth% &G- 7 h 3 são ~h|dgdhm|gs2 < í ngisg% &L- 7 í ~h|dgdhm|g2 < h 3 são ngisgs% &C- < h 3 são ~h|dgdhm|gs2 7 í ngisg% &D- 3 í ~h|dgdhm|g2 7 h < são ngisgs%
3%
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh coazihtg g n|gsh shkxmeth dh aodo g olth| xag gnm|agëão co||hctg%
Gzós g |xztx|g do noiácxio agdx|o) gs cíixigs |hsxitgeths no|aga xag kiìedxig hedóc|meg t|gesmtó|mg wxh coet|mlxm zg|g g agextheëão do hedoaít|mo eg sxg açvmag hszhssx|g) mdhgi zg|g g coetmexmdgdh dg khstgëão |hsxitgeth dh xa o~o kh|gdo) zo| hvhazio) zo| amc|ome`hcëão% Hssg kiìedxig t|gesmtó|mg í &G- g fmzónmsh% &L- o co|zo gag|hio% &C- o noiácxio z|maç|mo% &D- o t|onoligsto%
4%
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh z|hhecfh z|hhecfh os hszgëos hszgëos eg n|gsh shkxmeth dh aodo g olth| xag gnm|agëão co||hctg%
Xag ihsão fmzotgiìamcg mazhdmx g z|odxëão dh gnhctox g gctm~mdgdh dgs cíixigs dh Ih}dmk%
) wxh o|mkmeox g dmamexmëão dg
) o wxh
&G- Ke\F &- NSF &L- Ke\F &- IF &C- thstosth|oeg &- NSF &D- thstosth|oeg &- IF
8%
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh z|hhecfh z|hhecfh os hszgëos hszgëos eg n|gsh shkxmeth dh aodo g olth| xag gnm|agëão co||hctg%
G hst|xtx|g do hszh|agtopómdh wxh zg|tmcmzg gctm~gaheth eg dhk|gdgëão dg poeg zhiðcmdg í zh|amtmedo zosth|mo|aheth g nhcxedgëão do % &G- o gc|ossoag &- o~ócmto MM &L- o gc|ossoag &- o~ócmto M &C- g ahal|geg &- o~ócmto MM &D- g ahal|geg &- o~ócmto M
>%
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh z|hhecfh z|hhecfh os hszgëos hszgëos eg n|gsh shkxmeth dh aodo g olth| xag gnm|agëão co||hctg%
Sh g zg|tm| dh xa hvgah cmtoiókmco |hgimpgdo sol|h os medm~ádxos gpooszí|amcos |hsxitg| xa dmgkeóstmco dh zg|gkha dh agtx|gëão kgaítmcg z|í!ahmótmcg) hetão zodh|!sh!ç gnm|ag| wxh gs cíixigs dg imefg kh|amegtm~g hecoet|gdgs tàa cg|kg c|oaossóamcg h í ch|to wxh eão co||hszoedha g % &G-
Thsth dh G~gimgëão Hsc|mtg dh \hsh|~g &7-% Zçkmeg 3 dh ;
;%
Gegimsh gs gnm|agëøhs wxh sh shkxha wxh dmpha) ê hvchzëão dh xag) dm|hctgaheth |hszhmto ênmk% 7% Xag dhssgs gnm|agëøhs eão sh |hnh|h g hstgs magkhes% Hstxdh o coethðdo dh cgdg zoeto glgmvo |hz|hshetgdo zhigs iht|gs dh G g H hewxgd|gedo co||hctgaheth g sxchssão dgs htgzgs dg hszh|agtokíehsh% \hcoestmtxg g shwxàecmg thazo|gi dos gcoethcmahetos ahecmoegdos shkxedo xag |higëão dh cgxsg! hnhmto) coiocgedo zo| o|dha gs iht|gs wxh os mdhetmnmcga% &G- Magkha G% &L- Magkha L% &C- Magkha C% &D- Magkha D% &H- Dmnh|hecmgëão dos hszh|agtádmos ha kìahtgs agscximeos) eos wxgms í zossá~hi g dhag|cgëão dh dmnh|heths
|hkmøhs% 6%
Os doheths gpooszí|amcos zossxha áedmchs dh nh|tmimpgëão axmto lgmvos% Dhstg no|ag) g egtx|hpg coedmcmoeg|mg g zg|tmcmzgëão zgth|eg eg no|agëão do fál|mdo% G agemzxigëão dg nh|tmimdgdh gkh sol|h hstg coedhegëão egtx|gi ê zg|tmdg eo shetmdo dh |hsoi~h| hsth mazhdmaheto) gt|g~ís dos cfgagdos aítodos dh |hz|odxëão gssmstmdg% G me`hcëão met|gcmtozigsaçtmcg dh xa hszh|agtopómdh &MCSM- í |hsxitgdo dh xa z|otocoio hvzh|mahetgi xtmimpgedo xa kìahtg dh cgdg shvo h xa bmt dh amc|ozmzhtgs) olthedo!sh cheç|mos shahifgeths gos dg nmk% <%
Nmkx|g <0 magkha oltmdg go amc|oscózmo eo dhcx|so dh xag MCSM
Hvzimwxh g coe`xkgëão dos dgdos coestgeths dg nmk% < wxh zh|amth gnm|ag| wxh g nhcxedgëão `ç sh memcmox% Eg sxg |hszostg) smtxh dg no|ag o agms hszhcánmcg zossá~hi o aoaheto dg nhcxedgëão |hkmstgdo% K\XZO MM Nhcxedgëão me ^mt|o
Dhsdh Ioxmsh L|o{e) z|mahm|g ’lhlí!z|o~htg‑ egscmdg ha 7=;6) g nhcxedgëão me ~mt|o son|hx xa coesmdh|ç~hi dhshe~oi~maheto% Hsth aítodo |hwxh| xa t|gtgaheto fo|aoegi gdhwxgdo) o wxgi |hsxitg dos coefhcmahetos gdwxm|mdos sol|h g nmsmoiokmg do cmcio shvxgi nhamemeo% Fo`h ha dmg) gtí í zossá~hi xag axifh| hek|g~mdg| gzós g aheozgxsg) |hco||hedo g tícemcgs dh |hz|odxëão ahdmcgaheth gssmstmdg% Hms xa hvhazio dh t|gtgaheto fo|aoegi gssocmgdo ê nhcxedgëão me ~mt|o shkxmdg dh t|gesnh|àecmg dh hal|møhs0 7 ngsh0
Tha meácmo eo z|mahm|o dmg do cmcio h xtmimpg xa geçioko hst|xtx|gi dg Ke\F wxh mazhdh hstg fo|aoeg dh gkm| sol|h g fmzónmsh% Eo|agiaheth) gzós ch|cg dh 74 dmgs dh t|gtgaheto) memcmg!sh g shkxedg ngsh% < ngsh0
Xtmimpg!sh xag fo|aoeg smetítmcg wxh hstmaxig o dhshe~oi~maheto dh ~ç|mos noiácxios g nma dh olth| o~ócmtos% O z|ochsso dh agtx|gëão noimcxig| í aoemto|mpgdo zo| hcok|gnmg% Thsth dh G~gimgëão Hsc|mtg dh \hsh|~g &7-% Zçkmeg 4 dh ;
3 ngsh0
G nma dh dhshecgdhg| g o~xigëão) wxgedo g agtx|gëão noimcxig| í gdhwx dg) gdamemst|g!sh koegdot|ozmeg co|móemcg fxageg &FCK-% G zxeëão dos o~ócmtos í |hgimpgdg ch|cg dh 3> fo|gs gzós g me`hcëão fo|aoegi% 4 ngsh0
Gzós g zxeëão dos o~ócmtos) g axifh| |hchlh xa oxt|o t|gtgaheto fo|a egi zo| ~mg hedo~gkmegi dx|geth 6 dmgs coa o ol`hctm~o dh z|hzg|g| o ðth|o zg|g g emdgëão% Olsh|~h g nmk% 3 wxh mixst|g xag ngsh do dhshe~oi~maheto hal|moeç|mo fxageo wxh sh ol `hctm~g gtmekm| eo zós! nhcxedgëão me ~mt|o%
Nmkx|g 3
7%
Cigssmnmwxh coao ~h|dgdhm|g &^- ox ngisg &N- cgdg xag dgs gnm|agëøhs shkxmeths |higtm~gs go dhshe~oi~maheto hal|moeç|mo h nhtgi) shedo wxh gikxes dos gszhctos hstão ma imcgdos eg meno|agëão methk|geth dhsth k|xzo% &G- Todgs gs cíixigs do hal|mão eo hstçdmo dh aó|xig tàa g z|oz|mhdgdh dh sh dmnh| ecmg|ha ha wxgiwxh|
thcmdo) egs htgzgs zosth|mo|hs% &L- Os t|às noifhtos kh|amegtm~os no| aga!sh dx|geth g kgst|xigëão% &C- Os gehvos hal|moeç|mos no|aga!sh g zg|tm| dh thcmdos agth|eos% &D- O dhshe~oi~maheto hal|moeç|mo!kh|amegtm~o memcmg!sh egs t|oazgs dh Ngiózmo% &H-
eo zh|áodo nhtgi wxh sh ~h|mnmc g agmo| zg|th dgs gith|gëøhs ao|noiókmcgs%
ehchssç|mgs go dhshe~oi~maheto z|í!egtgi% &K- Go ioeko dg ngsh hal|moeç|mg dg shkahetgëão) gssmsth!sh gos z|ochssos lmoiókm os do c|hscmaheto h
dmnh|hecmgëão chixig|) sha oco|| ecmg dh ao|nokíehsh% &F- G emdgëão do hal|mão ~h|mnmcg!s wxgedo o ahsao sh hecoet|g eo hstgdo dh kgst|xigëão coazihtg%
<%
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh coa ihtg g n|gsh shkxmeth dh aodo g olth| xag gnm|agëão co||hctg%
G fo|aoeg xtmimpgdg eg ðitmag ngsh do t|gtgaheto fo|aoegi dh~h gctxg| dm|hctgaheth sol|h o ðth|o h th| xag gcëão shahifgeth ê dg &G- z|okhsth|oeg% &L- IF% &C- Ke\F% &D- NSF% Thsth dh G~gimgëão Hsc|mtg dh \hsh|~g &7-% Zçkmeg 8 dh ;
3%
Gs gnm|agëøhs wxh sh shkxha dmpha dmpha |hszhmto ê nhcxedgëão nhcxedgëão me ~mt|o% ~mt|o% 7% Eg 7 ngsh dg nhcxedgëão me ~mt|o) meth|nh|h!sh coa g nmsmoiokmg dg ehx|o!fo|aoeg fmzotgiìamcg% <% G nhcxedgëão me ~mt|o í xa aítodo dh |hz|odxëão gssmstmdg wxh ~msg coeto|eg| k|g~hs z|olihags hst|xtx|gms
nhamemeos coao) zo| hvhazio) dhnmcmàecmgs gegtóamcgs olst|xtm~gs dgs t|oazgs% 3% G nhcxedgëão me ~mt|o í gdhwxgdg zg|g axifh|hs coa dmsnxecmoegimdgdh m||h~h|sá~hi do hedoaít|mo%
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh gs g~gimg co||hctgaheth% &G- 7 h < são ~h|dgdhm|gs2 3 í ngisg% &L- 7 h 3 são ~h|dgdhm|gs2 < í ngisg% &C- 7 í ~h|dgdhm|g2 < h 3 são ngisgs% &D- 3 í ~h|dgdhm|g2 7 h < são ngisgs%
4%
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh z|hhecfh z|hhecfh os hszgëos hszgëos eg n|gsh shkxmeth dh aodo g olth| xag gnm|agëão co||hctg%
G fo|aoeg dh sáethsh gdamemst|gdg eg < ngsh do t|gtgaheto fo|aoegi tha xag gcëão shahifgeth ) hewxgeto g gdamemst|gëão dh FCK) eg 3% ngsh) ~msg smaxig| o zmco dh xag dgs koegdohstmaximegs gctxgeth eo % &G- ê NSF &- co|zo ixtháemco &L- gos hst|okíemos &- co|zo ixtháemco &C- ê NSF &- noiácxio agdx|o &D- gos hst|okíemos &- noiácxio agdx|o
8%
Shihccmoeh g gith|egtm~g wxh z|hhecfh z|hhecfh os hszgëos hszgëos eg n|gsh shkxmeth dh aodo g olth| xag gnm|agëão co||hctg%
G htgzg do dhshe~oi~maheto hal|moeç|mo |hz|hshetgdg eg nmk% 3 í g hstg| he~oi~mdo zhio hedoaít|mo) oco||hx o nheóaheo dg %
Ngëg co||hszoedh|) co||hszoedh|) g cgdg xa dos eðah|os &dh M g ^MMM- |higtm~os |higtm~os ês gnm|agëøhs shkxmeths) xag iht|g dg Cfg~h &dh G g F- wxh |hz|hshetg xag fo|aoeg) zg|g wxh sh coesmkga zg|hs co||hctos het|h os h~hetos nmsmoiókmcos h os |hszhctm~os coazostos wxáamcos aotm~gdo|hs% Cfg~h0 &G- Z|okhsth|oeg%
&H- Ke\F%
&L- NSF%
&N- Hst|okíemos%
&C- IF%
&K- Ovmtocmeg%
&D- Z|oigctmeg%
&F- FCK%
Gnm|agëøhs0 M%
Z|odxpmdg zhio fmzotçigao) gctxg sol|h g fmzónmsh%
MM%
Z|odxpmdg zhio hal|mão) mazhdh g dhkheh|gëão do co|zo gag|hio%
MMM%
Z|odxpmdg ha k|gedh wxgetmdgdh zhio co|zo gag|hio) hstmaxig o c|hscmaheto dgs cíixigs do hedoaít|mo xth|meo h g sxg agextheëão |hst|mtgaheth eg ngsh shc|hto|g%
M^%
Hstmaxig gs coet|gcëøhs xth|megs%
^%
Z|odxpmdg zhig fmzónmsh geth|mo|) hstmaxig o dhshe~oi~maheto dos noiácxios o~ç|mcos%
^M%
Z|odxpmdg zhios noiácxios o~ç|mcos ha dhshe~oi~maheto) hstmaxig g |hzg|gëão do hedoaít|mo xth|meo%
^MM%
Hstmaxig g z|odxëão dh ihmth%
^MMM%
Fo|aoeg he~oi~mdg eg coe~h|são dgs cíixigs noimcxig|hs ha cíixigs ixtháemcgs%
6%
Eos dmgs gzós o zg|to) gs aãhs wxh gagahetga hvzh|mahetga do|hs methesgs eo lgmvo!~het|h ha zg|th shahifgeths ês coet|gcëøhs do zg|to) cfgagdgs ha imekxgkha zozxig| dh do|hs to|tgs% Hstgs agemnhstgëøhs dhco||ha eo gihmtgaheto) ox sh`g) wxgedo o o|kgemsao nhamemeo hstç he~oi~mdo eg |hkxigëão ehx|o!fo|aoegi dg igctgëão% Hvzimwxh g o|mkha dhstgs do|hs eo ìalmto dg igctgëão) zodhedo |hco||h| g |higëøhs ~h|mnmcgdgs eoxt|os z|ochssos |hih~geths zg|g hsth wxgd|o gz|hshetgdo%
