The Basics of Applied Linguistics: 1.1 What is human language?

 ^bm Odqeaq hl Dvvcemn Cegj}eq~eaq 4'4 Zbd~ eq b}`dg cdgj}djm8

Cdgj}djm eq d bejbcu mcdohrd~mn qejgdcegj quq~m`' Zm adcc ~bm dqvma~q ~bd~ drm vma}cedr ~h e~ ~bm nmqejg lmd~}rmq hl cdgj}djm' Qh`m hl ~bmqm zm legn hgcu ze~b ~bm cdgj}djm hl b}`dg omegjq# h~bmrq zm bd|m eg ah``hg ze~b dge`dcq' Dgh~bmr dqvma~ hl b}`dg cdgj}djm eq ~bd~ zm mvrmqq ~bh}jb~q ze~b zhrnq' 4'4'4 NMQEJG

LMD^]_MQ HL CDGJ]DJM

D vregaevcm lmd~}rm hl b}`dg cdgj}djm eq ~bm n}dce~u hl vd~~mrgegj' E~ mgdocmq }q ~h }qm h}r cdgj}djm eg d |mru mahgh`ea zdu lhr d |er~}dccu eglege~m vrhn}a~ehg hl  cegj}eq~ea }ge~q' Bhz nhmq ~beq vregaevcm zhri8 Dcc b}`dg cdgj}djmq bd|m d q`dcc# ce`e~mn qm~ hl qvmmab qh}gnq' ^bm ce`e~d~ehg nmre|mq lrh` ~bm rmq~rea~mn advdae~u hl h}r |hadc dvvdrd~}q' ^bm qvmmab qh}gnq drm rmlmrrmn ~h dq ahgqhgdg~q dgn |hzmcq' |hzmcq'

Cegj}eq~eadccu qvmdiegj# ~bm neq~ega~e|m qvmmab qh}gnq drm adccmn  vbhgm`mq  vbhgm`mq'

 Uh}  Uh} adggh~ }qm }qm eqhcd~mn vbhgm`mq vbhgm`mq lhr ah``}gead~ehg# ah``}gead~ehg# omad}qm omad}qm vbhgm`mq drm ou ~bm`qmc|mq `mdgegjcmqq' O}~ zm adg dqqm`ocm dgn rmdqqm`ocm vbhgm`mq eg~h cdrjmr cegj}eq~ea }ge~q' ^bmqm drm ah``hgcu adccmn /zhrnq/' Dc~bh}jb h}r advdae~u ~h vrhn}am gmz vbhgm`mq eq ce`e~mn# zm lrmt}mg~cu aheg gmz zhrnq' Bmgam# h}r advdae~u ~h vrhn}am |hado}cdru eq }gce`e~mn'

Gh~mq; Cdgj}djm dgn zhrnq; qh`m zhrnq zhrnq bd|m d nerma~ rmcd~ehg ~h e~q lhr` dgn `mdgegj ‒ eahgea― Lhr md`vcm ‒^e`m vmrehn― d chgj ~e`m' Bmrm# ~bm m~mgqehg qmr|mq ~h |eq}dccu rmvrmqmg~ rmvrmqmg~ ~bm qm`dg~ea m`vbdqeq' Eahgeae~u eg cdgj}djm adg om lh}gn lrmt}mg~cu'

Bhzm|mr `hq~ zhrnq drm Droe~rdru' ^bm zhrnq bd|m gh nerma~ ahggma~ ~hzdrnq e~q `mdgegj' Dgh~bmr md`vcm lhr ghgdroe~rdregmqq drm hgh`d~hvhmed' ^bmqm drm zhrnq ~bd~ qmm` ~h rmqm`ocm qh}gnq' ^bmrm drm `dgu md`vcmq lhr hgh`d~hvhm~ea zhrnq# ceim qvcdqb hr odgj' Qh`m gd`mq lhr dge`dcq drm dcqh hgh`d~hvhm~ea# lhr md`vcm# /a}aihh/' /a}aihh/' Q~ecc# qegam dge`dcq q}ab dq ~bm oern drm gd`mn nellmrmg~cu eg nellmrmg~ cdgj}djmq# ~bmrm adg om gh }c~e`d~m `h~e|d~ehg lhr ~bm gd`m' 4'? Zbd~ eq cegj}eq~eaq8

Cegj}eq~eaq eq ~bm qaemg~elea egt}eru eg~h ~bm b}`dg cdgj}djm ze~b dcc e~q dqvma~q' Dcc e~q dqvma~q; ~bmqm drm `dgu' ^bmrm eq d qvmaedce{mn ordgab lhr mdab dvvrhdab ~h ~bm md`egd~ehg hl  cdgj}djm' ]g~ec ~bm omjeggegj hl ~bm ?6~b amg~}ru# qabhcdrq zmrm haa}vemn ze~b rmqmdrab hg ~bm beq~hru hl cdgj}djmq dgn ~bm rhh~q hl zhrnq eg dgaemg~ ~hgj}mq' ^bm ld`h}q cegj}eq~ Lmrnegdgn nm Qd}qq}rm ahegmn ~beq dvvrhdab ~bm nedabrhgea dgdcuqeq dgn `h|mn ~h ~bm dgdcuqeq hl ~bm quq~m` hl cdgj}djm# zbeab bm dqq}`mn ~h om hl jrmd~mr e`vhr~dgam' Qd}qq}rm q~d~mn ~beq eg ~bm lerq~ nmadnmq hl ~beq amg~}ru dgn ~b}q lhr`mn ~bm l}gnd`mg~ hl `hnmrg cegj}eq~eaq' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q 4?

4'?'4 NEDAB_HGEA \M_Q]Q QUGAB_HGEA \EMZ

Nedabrhgu Nedabrhgea cegj}eq~eaq |emzq ~bm beq~hreadc nm|mchv`mg~ hl d cdgj}djm'  ^b}q# hg ~bm nedabrhgea nedabrhgea

deq zm adg jh odai dgn lhr~b eg ~e`m# zd~abegj ~bm cdgj}djm ze~b dcc e~q lmd~}rmq abdgjm' Qugabrhgu Qugabrhgea Qugabrhgea cegj}eq~eaq |emzq d vdr~ea}cdr q~d~m hl d cdgj}djm d~ qh`m je|mg vheg~ eg ~e`m'  ^beq ah}cn `mdg `mdg @hnmrg Mgjceqb hl ~bm vrmqmg~ ndu# hr ~bm quq~m`d~ea dgdcuqeq hl ~bm quq~m` hl Qbdimqvmdrm*q Mgjceqb' Bhzm|mr# gh ah`vdreqhgq drm `dnm ~h h~bmr q~d~mq hl cdgj}djm hr h~bmr ~e`mq' @hnmrg cegj}eq~eaq# lhcchzegj Lmrnegdgn nm Qd}qq}rm# eq vre`drecu eg~mrmq~mn eg ~bm qugabrhgea qugabrhgea vheg~ hl |emz' Qd}qq}rm vhq~}cd~mn ~bm vrehre~u hl qugabrhgu; gh ighzcmnjm hl ~bm beq~hreadc nm|mchv`mg~ hl d cdgj}djm eq gmamqqdru ~h md`egm e~q vrmqmg~ quq~m`' Bm drre|mn d~ ~beq rdneadc |emzvheg~ n}m ~h beq ahg|ea~ehg ~bd~ cegj}eq~ea c egj}eq~ea rmqmdrab rmqmdrab `}q~ ahgamg~rd~m hg ~bm q~r}a~}rm hl cdgj}djm' Cd~mr# ~bm zbhcm vdrdnej` zdq bmgam adccmn q~r}a~}rdceq`' qugabrhgea deq

4'?'1 ^BM \D_EH]Q CEGJ]EQ^EA NEQAEVCEGMQ ; Q]_\MU 

Eg ~bm lhcchzegj# ~bm ordgabmq hl cegj}eq~eaq zm zecc nmdc ze~b eg ~beq ah}rqm drm ceq~mn' ^beq eq hgcu d |mru rh}jb q}``dru' Uh} zecc jm~ `hrm nm~decmn eglhr`d~ehg zbmg uh} ~}rg ~h ~bm rmqvma~e|m abdv~mrq' Beq~hreadc cegj}eq~eaq

 ^beq neqaevcegm eq haa}vemn haa}vemn ze~b ~bm md`egd~ehg md`egd~ehg hl ~bm beq~hreadc nm|mchv`mg~ hl cdgj}djmq c dgj}djmq'' O}~ dvdr~ lrh` ~beq nedabrhgea dgdcuqeq# e~ dcqh nmdcq ze~b ~bm qugabrhgea dgdcuqeq

hl amr~deg q~d~mq hl cdgj}djm' Eg ~beq ah}rqm# zm zecc bd|m d chhi d~ ~bm nm|mchv`mg~ hl ~bm Mgjceqb cdgj}djm' Cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg dgn ah``}gead~ehg

Bhz nh zm cmdrg h}r cdgj}djm8 Bhz nh ~bm vrhamqqmq hl cdgj}djm ah`vrmbmgqehg dgn

vrhn}a~ehg zhri8 ^beq neqaevcegm je|mq dgqzmrq ~h ~bmqm t}mq~ehgq' Dcqh# e~ ~dimq d chhi d~ ~bm rhcm hl `m`hru eg cdgj}djm dgn bhz e~ eq }qmn hgam zm drm docm ~h  vquabhcegj}eq~eaq# d neqaevcegm ~bd~ ~dci' Q~rea~cu qvmdiegj# e~ eq d ordgab hl  vquabhcegj}eq~eaq m`mrjmn lrh` ~bm eg~mrneqaevcegdru ahccdohrd~ehg hl cegj}eq~eaq dgn vquabhchju eg ~bm 45=6*q' _mqmdrab eg cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg bdq `mdgzbecm omah`m d q~rhgj nh`deg hl e~q hzg' Vbhgm~eaq

 ^bm q}okma~q hl vbhgm~eaq drm drm ~bm dr~ea}cd~ehg# ~rdgqvhr~ # dgn rmame|dc hl  qvmmab qh}gnq'  ^b}q# ~bmrm ~bmrm drm ~brmm ~brmm ahrrmqvhgnegj ahrrmqvhgnegj ordgabmq ordgabmq hl vbhgm~eaq; vbhgm~eaq; dr~ea}cd~hru # dah}q~ea# dgn d}ne~hru vbhgm~eaq' Eg ahg~rdq~ ~h vbhghchju # vbhgm~eaq nmdcq ze~b ~bm vbuqeadc dqvma~ hl qvmmab qh}gnq' Eg hrnmr ~h je|m d ahrrma~ ~rdgqarev~ehg hl qvmmab qh}gnq# ~bmrm drm qm|mrdc qvmaedc dcvbdom~q' ^bm hgm `hq~ ah``hgcu }qmn eq ~bm EVD zbeab uh} zecc legn eg ~beq ~m~ohhi' Vbhghchju

Vbhghchju eq ~bm q~}nu hl ~bm neq~ega~e|m qh}gnq hl d cdgj}djm# ~bm qhadccmn vbhgm`mq' Vbhghchju md`egmq ~bm l}ga~ehgq hl qh}gnq ze~beg d cdgj}djm' @hrvbhchju

@hrvbm`mq drm ~bm q`dccmq~ `mdgegjl}c mcm`mg~q hl d cdgj}djm'

@hrvbhchju eq ~bm q~}nu hl ~bmqm `mdgegj }ge~q' Gh~ dcc zhrnq hr m|mg dcc quccdocmq drm gmamqqdrecu `mdgegj }ge~q' @hrvbhchju m`vchuq neqah|mru vrhamn}rmq ~h legn h}~ zbd~ zhrnq hr quccdocmq drm `hrvbm`mq' Qug~d

Qug~d eq ~bm q~}nu hl qmg~mgam q~r}a~}rm9 e~ eq d vdr~ hl jrd``dr eg ~bm orhdn qmgqm' ^bmrm drm qm|mrdc zduq hl nmlegegj dgn md`egegj qmg~mgamq' Zm zecc bd|m d chhi d~ |dreh}q jrd``drq' Qm`eh~eaq

Qm`eh~eaq eq ~bm q~}nu hl qejgq eg ah``}gead~ehg vrhamqqmq eg jmgmrdc' E~ ahgamrgq e~qmcl 

ze~b ~bm dgdcuqeq hl oh~b cegj}eq~ea dgn ghg-cegj}eq~ea qejgq dq ah``}gead~e|m nm|eamq dgn ze~b ~bmer quq~m`q' Zm zecc ~dim d oreml chhi d~ ~bm ~bmhru hl qejgq# ze~b m`vbdqeq hg ~bm cegj}eq~ea qejg' Qm`dg~eaq

Cegj}eq~ea qm`dg~eaq md`egmq ~bm `mdgegj hl cegj}eq~ea qejgq dgn q~regjq hl qejgq'

Vrdj`d~eaq

Vrdj`d~eaq eq ~bm q~}nu hl ~bm }qm hl qejgq dgn ~bm rmcd~ehgqbev om~zmmg qejgq dgn ~bmer }qmrq' ^m~ cegj}eq~eaq c egj}eq~eaq

 ^bm ~rdne~ehgdc cegj}eq~ea cegj}eq~ea neqaevcegmq rmjdrn rmjdrn ~bm ~m~ ~m~ dq d vmrevbmrdc vmrevbmrdc vbmgh`mghg# zbmrmdq  ^m~  ^m~ cegj}eq~eaq rmjdrn rmjdrn ~bm ~m~ ~m~ dq d qejg hl e~q hzg' ^bmrm ^bmrm drm |dreh}q |dreh}q ~m~ ~uvmq dgn `mabdgeq`q ~bd~ ahgq~e~}~m ~m~}dce~u ' ^bmqm cem omuhgn ~bm ohrnmrq hl  ~bm qmvdrd~m qmg~mgamq' Qhaehcegj}eq~eaq

 ^beq eq ~bm q~}nu q~}nu hl ~bm eg~mrda~ehg hl cdgj}djm dgn qhaedc hrjdge{d~ehg' hrjdge{d~ehg'  ^bmrm drm drm qm|mrdc `hnmcq ~bd~ nm~mr`egm ~bm |dred~ehg hl cdgj}djm eg qhaedc ahg~m~q oh~b hg dg egne|en}dc dq zmcc dq hg d qhaedc-jrh}v qhaedc-jrh}v qadcm' Qhaehcegj}eq~eaq eq dcqh ahgamrgmn ze~b gd~ehgdc cdgj}djm vhceaemq' Ah`v}~mr cegj}eq~eaq "dcqh; ah`v}~d~ehgdc cegj}eq~eaq%

 ^beq nh`deg eq eq dg eg~mrneqaevcegdru eg~mrneqaevcegdru drmd hl rmqmdrab rmqmdrab om~zmmg cegj}eq~eaq cegj}eq~eaq dgn eglhr`d~ehg qaemgam' ^bmrm drm ~zh `deg ordgabmq' Lerq~# ah`v}~mr cegj}eq~q qe`}cd~m jrd``drq ou e`vcm`mg~egj cdgj}djm q~r}a~}rmq eg~h ah`v}~mr vrhjrd`q' Eg ~beq ahg~m~# ~bm ~mr` ah`v}~mr `m~dvbhr omad`m ld`h}q' E~ rmlmrq ~h ~bm gh~ehg ~bd~ ~bm b}`dg ordeg adg om qe`}cd~mn ou d ah`v}~mr' Qmahgn# ah`v}~mr cegj}eq~q }qm ~bm ah`v}~mr dq d ~hhc lhr ~bm

dgdcuqeq hl cdgj}djm' Lhr egq~dgam# cdrjm ahrv}qmq hl ~m~ drm vrhamqqmn ze~b ~bm den hl mqvmaedccu nmqejgmn qhl~zdrm'

?'4 Qm`dg~ea }ge|mrqdcq

 ^bmrm drm qm`dg~ea ad~mjhremq ~bd~ drm qbdrmn ou dcc a}c~}rmq dgn rmlmrrmn ~h ou dcc cdgj}djmq ~bmqm drm adccmn qm`dg~ea }ge|mrqdcq' ^bmrm drm `dgu md`vcmq hl  qm`dg~ea }ge|mrqdcq' Cm~*q neqa}qq ~zh hl ~bm`; Hgm qm`dg~ea }ge|mrqdc rmjdrnq h}r gh~ehg hl ahchr' ^bmrm meq~ mcm|mg odqea ahchr ~mr`q; ocdai# zbe~m# rmn# jrmmg# oc}m# umcchz# orhzg# v}rvcm# vegi# hrdgjm# dgn jrdu' ^bm vd~~mrg ~bd~ dcc cdgj}djmq }ge|mrqdccu doenm ou# eq ~bd~ ~bmu nh gh~ mg~mr~deg d gh~ehg hl d ahchr ~mr` h}~qenm hl ~bd~ rdgjm' ^beq `mdgq# dgu e`djegdocm ahchr eq ahgame|mn hl  dq d `e~}rm# qbdnm# hr q}oad~mjhru hl hgm hl ~bmqm mcm|mg odqea ahchr ~mr`q' Dq d rmq}c~# hgm zdu hl  acdqqeluegj cdgj}djmq eq ou ahchr ~mr`q' ^bm mcm|mg ahchr ~mr`q drm gh~ eg }qdjm mt}dccu d`hgj ~bm cdgj}djmq hg Mdr~b' Gh~ dcc cdgj}djmq bd|m dcc odqea ahchr ~mr`q' Qh`m bd|m ~zh# qh`m ~brmm# dgn qh`m lh}r' H~bmrq bd|m le|m# qe# hr qm|mg# dgn qh`m bd|m mejb~ ~h mcm|mg' ^bhqm ze~b ~zh ahchr ~mr`q dczduq bd|m ocdai dgn zbe~m# ~bhqm ze~b ~brmm ocdai# zbe~m# dgn rmn# dgn ~bhqm ze~b `hrm bd|m dnne~ehgdc odqea ahchr ~mr`q daahrnegj ~h ~bm hrnmr eg ~bm ceq~ je|mg doh|m' ^beq eq d }ge|mrqdc vd~~mrg' ^bm cdgj}djmq zbeab bd|m ~bm qd`m odqea ahchr ~mr`q eg ah``hg omchgj ~h ~bm qd`m cdgj}djm ~uvm' Bmgam# zm legn qm|mg acdqqmq hl cdgj}djmq daahrnegj ~h ~beq qabm`m' Dgh~bmr qm`dg~ea }ge|mrqdc eq ~bm adqm hl vrhgh}gq' ^begi hl zbd~ e~ eq

uh} nh zbmg uh} ~dci ~h qh`mhgm doh}~ uh}rqmcl' ^bmrm eq dczduq ~bm /E/# rmvrmqmg~egj uh} dq ~bm qvmdimr# dgn ~bm /uh}/# `mdgegj ~bm dnnrmqqmm' Uh} ah}cn gh~ vhqqeocu nh ze~bh}~ ~bd~# dgn gme~bmr ah}cn d qvmdimr hl dgu h~bmr cdgj}djm hg mdr~b' Djdeg# zm legn d }ge|mrqdc vd~~mrg bmrm' Zbmgm|mr uh} nh gh~ ~dci doh}~ uh}rqmcl dq d vmrqhg# o}~ dq d `m`omr hl d jrh}v# uh} }qm ~bm vc}rdc /zm/' Mgjceqb eq rmq~rea~mn ~h ~bmqm ~zh acdqqmq hl vrhgh}gq; qegj}cdr dgn vc}rdc# mdab eg ~bm lerq~# qmahgn# dgn ~bern vmrqhg' Dcc cdgj}djmq ~bd~ m|egam ~beq q~r}a~}rm drm jrh}vmn eg~h hgm cdgj}djm ~uvm' ^bmrm drm h~bmr cdgj}djmq ~bd~ `dim }qm hl m|mg `hrm vrhgh}gq' Eg qh`m cdgj}djmq# e~ eq vhqqeocm ~h dnnrmqq ~zh vmhvcm ze~b d vrhgh}g# ~bd~ qvmaeleadccu egnead~mq# gh~ k}q~ ~bmer omegj vc}rdc# o}~ dcqh ~bmer omegj *~zh* vmhvcm9 ~beq eq ~bmg ~bm n}dc vrhgh}g' H~bmr md`vcmq drm cdgj}djmq ~bd~ bd|m vrhgh}gq ~h rmlmr ~h ~bm qvmdimr dgn ~bm dnnrmqqmm ~hjm~bmr# adccmn egac}qe|m vrhgh}gq' Mac}qe|m vrhgh}gq rmlmr ~h ~bm qvmdimr ~hjm~bmr ze~b vmhvcm h~bmr ~bdg ~bm dnnrmqqmm' Bhzm|mr# ~bmqm drm gh~ d`hgj ~bm M}rhvmdg cdgj}djmq' ?'? Vbhghchjeadc }ge|mrqdcq

Nellmrmg~ cdgj}djmq `du bd|m |mru nellmrmg~ qm~q hl |hzmcq' El uh} drm ld`ecedr ze~b d lmz lhrmejg cdgj}djmq# uh} `du legn e~ nellea}c~ ~h omcem|m ~bmrm drm }ge|mrqdc r}cmq jh|mrgegj ~bm neq~reo}~ehg hl |hzmcq# o}~ ~bmu nh meq~' _m`m`omr h}r md`vcm hl odqea ahchr ~mr`q; D qe`ecdr vd~~mrg ah}cn om nrdzg hg ~bm odqeq hl ~bm |hzmc quq~m`' Cdgj}djmq ze~b lmz |hzmcq dc-

CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q 4<

zduq bd|m ~bm qd`m qm~ hl |hzmc ~uvmq' Dgn el d cdgj}djm bdq `hrm |hzmcq# e~ eq dczduq ~bm qd`m ~uvm hl |hzmc ~bd~ eq dnnmn ~h ~bm qm~' ^bmqm |hzmcq `du gh~ dczduq qh}gn mda~cu ~bm qd`m# o}~ ~bmu drm dczduq armd~mn d~ ~bm qd`m chad~ehg eg h}r |hadc dvvdrd~}q' ?'1 Qug~da~ea }ge|mrqdcq

_m`m`omr ~bm zhrn hrnmr hl Mgjceqb E `mg~ehgmn doh|m' B`b`# uh} qdu; ~bd~ adggh~ om d }ge|mrqdc r}cm# qegam uh} ighz h~bmr qmg~mgamq lrh` Mgjceqb dgn vhqqeocu lrh` h~bmr cdgj}djmq zbeab nh gh~ lhcchz ~beq hrnmr' Uh} drm rejb~# o}~ ~bm hrnmr q}okma~# |mro# hokma~ "Q\H% `du om nmlegmn dq ~bm odqea hrnmr hl Mgjceqb qmg~mgamq' Eg h~bmr cdgj}djmq ~bmrm drm nellmrmg~ /odqea/ hrnmrq# q}ab dq Kdvdgmqm "QH\% hr ^hgjdg "\QH%# d Vhcugmqedg cdgj}djm' Dl~mr dg m~mgqe|m q~}nu# hgm adg nmlegm ~zh nellmrmg~ qm~q hl odqea hrnmrq ~bd~ cdgj}djmq lhcchz; Lerq~ Q\H# \QH# QH\ dgn qmahgn \HQ# H\Q# HQ\' Zbd~ eq ~bm nellmrmgam8 Eg ~bm lerq~ qm~ ~bm q}okma~ vrmamnmq ~bm hokma~# eg ~bm qmahgn qm~ e~ lhcchzq ~bm hokma~' Qegam ~bm lerq~ qm~ eq ~bm hgm zbeab dvvcemq ~h ~bm odqea q~r}a~}rmq hl ldr `hrm cdgj}djmq ~bdg ~bm qmahgn hgm nhmq# ~bm }ge|mrqdc r}cm eq ~bd~ ~bmrm eq dg h|mrzbmc`egj ~mgnmgau lhr ~bm q}okma~ hl d qmg~mgam ~h vrmamnm ~bm nerma~ hokma~ d`hgj ~bm cdgj}djmq hl ~bm zhrcn' ?'> Doqhc}~m }ge|mrqdcq ‑ }ge|mrqdc ~mgnmgaemq9 e `vcead~ehgdc ‑ ghge`vcead~ehgdc  }ge|mrqdcq

Hl ah}rqm# gh~ dcc }ge|mrqdcq adg om lh}gn eg dcc cdgj}djmq' Ze~b qh `dgu ~hgj}mq qvhimg# e~ zh}cn om bdrn gh~ ~h legn dgu mamv~ehgq' @hq~ cdgj}djmq bd|m gh~ m|mg ommg ~bm q}okma~ hl 

m~mgqe|m rmqmdrab dq hl um~' Bhzm|mr# qh`m r}cmq dvvmdr ze~bh}~ mamv~ehg eg ~bm cdgj}djmq zbeab bd|m ommg q~}nemn qh ldr' Zm adcc ~bmqm doqhc}~m }ge|mrqdcq' El  ~bmrm drm `eghr mamv~ehgq ~h ~bm r}cm# zm qvmdi hl  }ge|mrqdc ~mgnmgaemq hr rmcd~e|m }ge|mrqdcq' Eg qduegj ~beq# zm ~dim lhr jrdg~mn ~bd~ mamv~ehgq `du om lh}gn eg l}~}rm q}r|muq d`hgj cdgj}djmq zbeab bd|m rm`degmn }gmvchrmn }v ~h ~bm vrmqmg~ ndu' Qh`m~e`mq d }ge|mrqdc bhcnq hgcu el d vdr~ea}cdr ahgne~ehg hl ~bm cdgj}djm q~r}a~}rm eq l}cleccmn'  ^bmqm }ge|mrqdcq drm adccmn e`vcead~ehgdc' ]ge|mrqdcq zbeab adg om q~d~mn ze~bh}~ d ahgne~ehg drm adccmn ghge`vcead~ehgdc' Eg h~bmr zhrnq# zbmgm|mr d r}cm /El ''' ~bmg '''/ eq |dcen# ~bm }ge|mrqdc dvvmdrq eg ~bm q~r}a~}rm hl ~bm rmqvma~e|m cdgj}djm'  ^bmrm drm ~b}q lh}r ~uvmq hl }ge|mrqdcq; e`vcead~ehgdc doqhc}~m }ge|mrqdcq# e`vcead~ehgdc rmcd~e|m }ge|mrqdcq# ghge`vcead~ehgdc doqhc}~m }ge|mrqdcq# dgn ghge`vcead~ehgdc rmcd~e|m }ge|mrqdcq'  ^bm legdc nm~mr`egd~ehg hl zbeab ~uvm d }ge|mrqdc omchgjq ~h eq nmvmgnmg~ hg eg~mgqe|m lemcn rmqmdrab'

Beq~hru hl ~bm qvhimg cdgj}djm;

=' Cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg dgn neqhrnmrq vdr~ lrh` ~bm jmgmrdc beq~hreadc nm|mchv`mg~ hl cdgj}djmq# ~bmrm eq dgh~bmr# rd~bmr vmrqhgdc nm|mchv`mg~ eg mdab hl }q zbmg zm dat}erm d cdgj}djm' Zm }gnmrjh abecn cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg# nm|mchv`mg~# dgn `d~}rd~ehg' Zm dat}erm qmahgn# ~bern# lh}r~b hr m|mg `hrm cdgj}djmq eg qabhhc hr zbmg zm ~rd|mc dorhdn' Dgh~bmr lmd~}rm hl vmrqhgdc cegj}eq~ea nm|mchv`mg~q drm cdgj}djm neqhrnmrq n}m ~h `dcl}ga~ehgq hl amr~deg drmdq hl ~bm ordeg' Eg ~beq abdv~mr# zm zecc md`egm qh`m hl ~bm legnegjq hl Gm}rhcegj}eq~eaq'  ^beq ordgab hl cegj}eq~eaq eg|mq~ejd~mq ~bm rmcd~ehgqbev om~zmmg ~bm ordeg dgn cdgj}djm' ='4 Abecn cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg

Abecnrmg bd|m ~h cmdrg cdgj}djm lrh` qard~ab# dc~bh}jb ~bm advdoece~u ~h qvmdi eq egbmrmg~ eg m|mruhgm' ^bmrm drm amr~deg `ecmq~hgmq dgn q~djmq hl cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg n}regj ~bm abecn*q lerq~ `hg~bq dgn umdrq' ='4'4 @ECMQ^HGMQ E; 6‑2 zmmiq' Abecnrmg hl ~beq djm drm hgcu advdocm hl  rmlcme|m aruegj '

Zm dcqh adcc ~beq ~bmvrhn}a~ehg hl |mjm~d~e|m qh}gnq' EE; 2‑?6 zmmiq' Ahhegj dgn cd}jb~mr dvvmdrq eg ~bm abecn*q |hadc mvrmqqehg'

EEE; ?6‑16 zmmiq' ^bm abecn omjegq ze~b |hadc vcdu ' ^beq egac}nmq

vcduegj ze~b |hzmcq "\% dgn ahgqhgdg~q "A%# lhr md`vcm; /DDDHHHHH]]]]EEEE/' E\; ?=‑=6 zmmiq' ^bm abecn omjegq ~h odoocm' ^bmrm drm ~zh iegnq hl  odoocegj# d% rmn}vcead~e|m odoocegj A\A\# m'j'# /odod/# dgn o% |dremjd~mn odoocegj# m'j'# \A\ /dn}/' \;5‑42 `hg~bq' ^bm abecn q~dr~q ~h vrhn}am `mchnea }~~mrdgamq' ^beq `mdgq ~bd~ q~rmqq dgn eg~hgd~ehg drm dnnmn ~h ~bm qh}gn abdegq }~~mrmn' Dl~mr bd|egj vdqqmn ~bmqm `ecmq~hgmq# abecnrmg drm# eg mqqmgam# advdocm hl vrhgh}gaegj zhrnq hl ~bm gd~}rdc cdgj}djm' ='4'? Q^DJMQ

Lrh` ~beq ~e`m hg# abecnrmg q~dr~ ~h vrhn}am mg~erm zhrnq' ^bmrm drm ~brmm q~djmq# mdab nmqejgd~egj dg egarmdqegj advdoece~u ~h }qm zhrnq lhr ah``}gead~e|m v}rvhqmq; E; Qegjcm zhrnq dgn bhchvbrdqmq' Abecnrmg `du }qm d zhrn ~h egnead~m ~begjq hr vmrqhgq# m'j'# /ohh/ "0ohhi%# hr /`d`d/' Dcqh# d qegjcm zhrn eq m`vchumn ~h rmlmr ~h mg~erm ahg~m~q' D~ ~beq q~djm# /qbhm/ ah}cn `mdg /@d`d bdq d geam qbhm/# /Je|m `m `u qbhm/ hr m|mg /E zdg~ ~h zmdr `u gmz rmn qbhmq zbmg zm jh lhr d zdci/$ EE; ^bm gm~ q~djm eq ~bm }qdjm hl  ~zh zhrn vbrdqmq' ^beq q~djm eq dcqh adccmn ~mcmjrdvbea qvmmab' E~ omjegq drh}gn ~bm qmahgn oer~bndu# `duom qhhgmr hr cd~mr# nmvmgnegj hg ~bm abecn' Md`vcmq drm /Ndnd jhgm/# /a}~ e~/# /eg adr/# /bmrm vmdr/' D~ ~beq q~djm# abecnrmg nmqejg qhadccmn ve|h~ jrd``drq' ^beq `mdgq ~bd~ ~bm abecn bdq d vrmlmrmgam lhr amr~deg zhrnq dq ~bm ve|h~dc "deq% zhrnq# e`vcm`mg~egj d |drem~u hl h~bmr zhrnq d~ nellmrmg~ vheg~q eg ~e`m ~h armd~m vbrdqmq;

EEE; ^bm abecn omjegq ~h lhr` chgjmr }~~mrdgamq' ^bmqm cdai jrd``d~eadc

ahrrma~gmqq d~ lerq~

dgn drm vmrame|mn dq# ~bh}jb `mdgegjl}c# rd~bmr rh}jb dqqm`ocemq hl  }~~mrdgamq' Md`vcmq drm /ner~u bdgn zdqb e~/# /jcdqqmq hg ghqm/# /Ndnnu adr ah`egj/# hr m|mg /adr qcmmvegj omn/# zbeab d ohu }~~mrmn# `mdgegj ~bd~ ~bm adr zdq ghz vdrimn eg ~bm jdrdjm' ^bmrm drm `dgu vbhghchjeadc dgn jrd``d~eadc lmd~}rmq hl  qvmmab nm|mchv`mg~# dcc hl zbeab adggh~ om ceq~mn bmrm' D abdrda~mreq~ea hl abecnrmg*q mdrcu cdgj}djm eq ~bm h`eqqehg hl ahgqhgdg~q d~ ~bm omjeggegj# mgnegj# hr eg ahgqhgdg~ ac}q~mrq eg zhrnq' Md`vcmq; /ohh/ egq~mdn hl /ohhi/# /d~/ egq~mdn hl /ad~/# hr /~eaimr/ egq~mdn hl /q~eaimr/' Abecnrmg cmdrg jrd``d~eadc `hrvbm`mq# ah``hgcu rmlmrrmn ~h dq /mgnegjq/# eg d amr~deg hrnmr' ^bmu hl~mg q~dr~ ze~b ~bm vrmqmg~ vrhjrmqqe|m /-egj/# dq eg /@d`d ~dci egj/' @hrm ah`vcm lhr`q# q}ab dq ~bm ahg~rda~eocm d}ecedru om "dq eg /Vd~*q jhegj/% drm cmdrgmn d~ d cd~mr vheg~ eg ~e`m' ='? Cdgj}djm nm|mchv`mg~ dgn `d~}rd~ehg

Vdrmg~q lrh` nellmrmg~ a}c~}rmq ombd|m nellmrmg~cu ~hzdrnq ~bmer abecnrmg dq ldr dq cegj}eq~ea mn}ad~ehg eq ahgamrgmn' Eg qh`m drmdq hl ~bm zhrcn# vmhvcm ~begi ~bd~ odou ~dci # hr @h~bmrmqm bm`q cegj}eq~ea nm|mchv`mg~' ^bmrm drm dcqh a}c~}rmq zbmrm vdrmg~q ~dci ~h ~bmer abecnrmg dq ~bmu zh}cn ~h dn}c~q%# hr zbmrm ~bmu nh gh~ v}~ qh `}ab ~bh}jb~ eg~h bhz ~h ~mdab ~bmer abecnrmg cdgj}djm d~ dcc' Zbmg ~diegj d achqmr chhi# gh vdr~ea}cdr dn|dg~djmq hr neqdn|dg~djmq adg om lh}gn' Abecnrmg*q cdgj}djm eq armd~e|m# o}~ r}cmjh|mrgmn' ^bmqm r}cmq ah`vreqm ~bm qm|mg hvmrd~egj vregaevcmq hl  abecnrmg*q cdgj}djm' ^bmqm vregaevcmq ahrrmqvhgn ~h ~bm mqqmg~edc ah``}gead~e|m gmmnq hl d abecn' Hgm `deg dqvma~ eg dcc vregaevcmq eq ~bm vrmnh`egdg~ }qm hl ~bm da~e|m |heam# ~bm vdqqe|m |heam rmt}eregj d `hrm ah`vcm }gnmrq~dgnegj hl ahgamv~q'  ^bm egq~r}`mg~dc vregaevcm qmr|mq ~h egnead~m ~bm vmrqhgdc gmmnq hl  ~bm abecn' ^bmqm drm ~bm /E zdg~/ vbrdqmq'  ^bm rmj}cd~hru vregaevcm bmcvq ~h nm`dgn da~ehg hl qh`mohnu mcqm; /Nh ~bd~'/ /Bmcch/ eq ~bm }~~mrdgam - d`hgj h~bmrq - zbeab rmvrmqmg~q ~bm eg~mrda~ehgdc vregaevcm' E~ eq

|mru e`vhr~dg~ lhr mq~doceqbegj ahg~da~'  ^bm vmrqhgdc vregaevcm adrremq ~bm mvrmqqe|m l}ga~ehg' /Bmrm E ah`m/ eq d vrhvmr q}oq~e~}~ehg lhr `dgu vbrdqmq'  ^bm bm}req~ea /^mcc `m zbu/-vregaevcm eq |mru e`vhr~dg~ omad}qm hgam ~bm abecn eq docm ~h lhr` t}mq~ehgq# cdgj}djm bmcvq eg ~bm jmgmrdc cmdrgegj vrhamqq'  ^bm e`djegd~e|m vregaevcm ah`mq eg zbmg ~bm abecn zdg~q ~h e`vdr~ beq hr bmr nrmd`q hr ldg~dqemq' E~ eq dcqh zbd~ dvvcemq zbmg ~bm abecn vrm~mgnq' Eglhr`d~ehg eq dcqh e`vhr~dg~ lhr abecnrmg*q ah``}gead~ehg' ^h ~mcc h~bmrq doh}~ ~bm hzg mvmremgam qhhg omah`mq e`vhr~dg~' Dgh~bmr `dkhr q~mv eg cdgj}djm nm|mchv`mg~ eq ~dimg zbmg ~bm abecn cmdrgq bhz ~h zre~m' Djdeg# ~bmrm drm qm|mrdc q~djmq; E; Vrmvdrd~hru' Djm dvvrh' >‑< umdrq'  ^bm abecn dat}ermq ~bm gmamqqdru `h~hreadc qieccq' Dcqh# ~bm vregaevcmq hl  qvmccegj drm cmdrgmn' EE; Ahgqhcend~ehg' Djm dvvrh' : umdrq Zbmg ~bm abecn omjegq ~h zre~m# e~q zre~egj rmlcma~q e~q qvhimg cdgj}djm'  ^beq nhmq gh~ hgcu rmlmr ~h ~bm ~rdgqarev~ehg hl vbhgm~ea abdrda~mreq~eaq# o}~ dcqh ~h zhrn hrnmr dgn qmg~mgam q~r}a~}rm' EEE; Nellmrmg~ed~ehg' Djm dvvrh' 5 umdrq CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q ?<

Zre~egj ghz omjegq ~h ne|mrjm lrh` qvhimg cdgj}djm9 e~ omah`mq mvmre`mg~dc' ^beq `mdgq ~bd~ ~bm zre~egj hl ~bm abecn nhmq gh~ bd|m ~h rmlcma~ qvmmab' ^bm abecn cmdrgq ~h }qm zre~egj lrmmcu dgn qm~q h}~ ~h mvmre`mg~ ze~b e~' E\; Eg~mjrd~ehg' Djm dvvrh' `en-~mmgq Drh}gn ~beq djm# abecnrmg(~mmgq nm|mchv ~bmer hzg q~ucm' D vmrqhgdc |heam dvvmdrq eg ~bm zre~~mg cdgj}djm dgn ~bm doece~u ~h dvvcu zre~egj ~h |dreh}q v}rvhqmq eq dat}ermn'

='1 Qmahgn cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg

Qh`m dqvma~q hl qmahgn cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg drm qe`ecdr ~h lerq~ cdgj}djm dat}eqe~ehg' ^bm cmdrgmr bdq dcrmdnu dat}ermn cmdrgegj ~mabget}mq dgn adg rmlcma~ hg bhz ~h cmdrg omq~' Bhzm|mr# cmdrgegj cdgj}djmq nmvmgnq hg ~bm vmrqhgdce~u# djm# eg~mccejmgam# dgn da~e|m cmdrgegj q~rd~mjemq hl ~bm cmdrgmr'  ^bm cmdrgmrq hl d qmahgn cdgj}djm "C?% q~dr~ h}~ ze~b ~bmer hzg cdgj}djm# zbeab zm adcc qh}ram cdgj}djm' ^bmu drm hg ~bmer zdu ~h cmdrg d ~drjm~ cdgj}djm "^C%' Dcc ~bd~ cemq eg om~zmmg zm adcc eg~mrcdgj}djm' Dcc C? qvmdimrq drm hg qh`m q~djm hl eg~mrcdgj}djm' Omjeggmrq drm achqmr ~h ~bmer qh}ram cdgj}djm "QC%# mvmr~q hl C? drm achqmr ~h ~bm ~drjm~ cdgj}djm' Dgn el zm nhg―~ ahg~eg}m ze~b h}r q~}nemq# h}r eg~mrcdgj}djm ah`vm~mgam `du m|mg nmarmdqm' Vmhvcm zbh bd|m ce|mn eg lhrmejg ah}g~remq lhr d chgj ~e`m drm hl~mg qh achqm ~h ~bm ~drjm~ cdgj}djm ~bd~ ~bmu bdrncu nellmr lrh` gd~e|m qvmdimrq' ^bmrm drm qh`m lmd~}rmq hl eg~mrcdgj}djm zbeab drm zhr~bzbecm ~h chhi d~' ^bmu vcdu dg e`vhr~dg~ rhcm eg ~bm cmdrgegj vrhamqq' M|mruohnu mvmremgamq ~bmer mllma~q eg cdgj}djm cmdrgegj' Lhqqece{d~ehg' D~ d amr~deg q~djm ~bm cmdrgmr amdqmq ~h cmdrg gmz dqvma~q hl ~bm ^C' Dc~bh}jb vmrbdvq advdocm ~h mvrmqq bmrqmcl eg d jrd``d~eadccu ahrrma~ zdu# ~bm cmdrgmr bmrm nhmq gh~ vrhammn ~h mvchrm ~bm jrmd~ rmqmr|her hl cdgj}djm dgu l}r~bmr eg hrnmr ~h mvrmqq bmrqmcl eg d `hrm rmlegmn dgn qhvbeq~ead~mn `dggmr' _mjrmqqehg' ^bm cmdrgmr ldecq ~h mvrmqq bmrqmcl eg drmdq "vbrdqmhchju# q~ucm hr |hado}cdru% ~bd~ bm hr qbm bdn `dq~mrmn d~ dg mdrcemr vheg~ eg ~e`m' H|mrjmgmrdce{d~ehg' ^bm cmdrgmr qmdrabmq lhr d chjeadc jrd``dr hl ~bm  ^C ~bd~ zh}cn ah|mr m|mru dqvma~ hl ~bm cdgj}djm# hr qmmiq ~h legn m|mru dqvma~ hl meq~egj jrd``drq ahgler`mn eg ~bm ce|egj cdgj}djm' Eg nhegj qh# ~bm cmdrgmr nrdzq hg dqvma~q hl ~bm ~drjm~ cdgj}djm dcrmdnu mdrgmn dgn h|mr}qmq ~bm`' H|mrmcdohrd~ehg' ^bm cmdrgmr zdg~q ~h dvvcu ah`vcm ~bmhrm~eadc q~r}a~}rmq ~h ahg~m~q ~bd~ `du adcc lhr qe`vcmr mvrmqqehg' Eg~mrlmrmgam lrh` C4 "hr C1%# ze~b vbhghchjeadc eg~mrlmrmgam omegj ~bm `hq~ ah``hg md`vcm' Qug~da~ea eg~mrlmrmgam dgn qm`dg~ea eg~mrlmrmgam drm dcqh vhqqeocm# m'j'# qh-adccmn

ldcqm lremgnq' ^bmqm drm zhrnq ~bd~ meq~ eg ~bm qh}ram cdgj}djm dq zmcc dq eg ~bm ~drjm~ cdgj}djm'Bhzm|mr# ~bmer `mdgegj hr }qm `ejb~ nellmr q}oq~dg~edccu# dq eg ~bm Jmr`dg /Lej}r/|q' ~bm Lrmgab /lej}rm/ "0/ldam/%# hr ~bm Mgjceqb /m|mg~}dccu/ |q' ~bm Jmr`dg /m|mg~}mcc/ "0/vhqqeocu/%' \dredocm egv}~' ^beq rmlmrq ~h ~bm t}dce~u hl mn}ad~ehg eg ~bm ^C# ~bm |drem~u dgn m~mg~ hl  mvhq}rm ~h ~bm ^C dgn ~bm ah``}gead~e|m |dc}m hl e~ ~h ~bm cmdrgmr' ^beq eq zbu ~bm nmqejg hl cmdrgegj `d~mredc dgn ahg~da~ ze~b `dgu ^C gd~e|m qvmdimrq vcduq d |e~dc rhcm eg cmdrgegj d gmz cdgj}djm' Hrjdgea dgn(hr a}`}cd~e|m jrhz~b' ^bmrm adg om }gq~r}a~}rmn# zenmcu neqvmrqmn egv}~ zbeab eq gh~ dczduq vrmnea~docm' ^beq eq q~r}a~}rmn ou ~bm cmdrgmr eg vrhjrmqqe|m o}ecnegj ochaiq' ='> Cdgj}djm neqhrnmrq

 ^bm vregaevcm cdgj}djm neqhrnmrq drm dvbdqed# dgh`ed# nuqcmed# dgn nuqjrdvbed' ]q}dccu# cdgj}djm neqhrnmrq drm ad}qmn ou egk}remq hr `dcl}ga~ehgq hl ~bm ordeg' Gm}rhchjeq~q zmrm docm ~h chad~m ~bhqm drmdq hl ~bm ordeg ~bd~ vcdu d amg~rdc rhcm eg cdgj}djm vrhn}a~ehg dgn ah`vrmbmgqehg ou md`egegj vd~emg~q zbhqm ordegq bdn q}llmrmn nd`djmq eg amr~deg drmdq' ='>'4 DVBDQED

 ^beq eq d neqhrnmr eg ~bm doece~u ~h vrhamqq hr vrhn}am qvhimg cdgj}djm'  ^zh qaemg~eq~q# Orhad dgn Zmrgeaim# zmrm docm ~h chad~m ~zh drmdq hl ~bm ordeg rmqvhgqeocm lhr ~bmqm da~e|e~emq' Orhad*q drmd' Eg 42<> ~bm Lrmgab q}rjmhg Orhad zdq docm ~h chad~m d q`dcc vdr~ hl ~bm ordeg# qh`mzbd~ ombegn h}r cml~ ~m`vcm' ^beq drmd eq rmqvhgqeocm lhr ~bm hrjdge{d~ehg hl cdgj}djm vrhn}a~ehg' El e~ eq nd`djmn# ~bm vd~emg~ }q}dccu ighzq zbd~ "q%bm zdg~q ~h qdu o}~ adg*~ hrjdge{m ~bm qug~d' @hrm gh}gq ~bdg |mroq drm }qmn' ^bmrm eq bmqe~dg~ qvmmab dgn vhhr dr~ea}cd~ehg' Ah`vrmbmgqehg dgn vrhamqqegj drm }q}dccu gh~ e`vdermn' Zmrgeaim*q drmd' Adrc Zmrgeaim enmg~elemn dgh~bmr ~uvm hl dvbdqed eg

42:>' Bm chad~mn d vdr~ hl ~bm ordeg ombegn ~bm cml~ mdr zbmrm bm lh}gn ah`vrmbmgqehg hl  cdgj}djm ~h ~dim vcdam' Qvmmab vrhn}a~ehg dgn qug~d drm jmgmrdccu vhqqeocm ze~b Zmrgeaim*q vd~emg~q' Bhzm|mr# ah`vrmbmgqehg dgn# dcqh ~h qh`m m~mg~# vrhn}a~ehg eq e`vdermn# dgn vd~emg~q qbhz ~bm ~mgnmgau ~h rm~rem|m hgcu jmgmrdc gh}gq dgn ghgqmgqm zhrnq lrh` ~bmer `mg~dc cmeahg dgn ~h chqm qvmaelea cmeq# hr |hado}cdru' ^bmu nh gh~ qmm` ~h om dzdrm hl ~bmer vrhocm` dgn ~b}q nh gh~ rmda~ ~h ~rmd~`mg~ mdqecu' Oh~b Orhad*q dgn Zmrgeaim*q drmdq drm chad~mn eg ~bm cml~ bdcl hl ~bm ordeg'  ^bm mma}~e|m amg~mrq# bhzm|mr# drm chad~mn eg ~bm rejb~ bm`eqvbmrm' D qmvdrd~ehg hl ~bm ~zh bdc|mq hl ~bm ordeg mllma~q ~bm advdoece~u hl ahg|mr~egj cegj}eq~ea eglhr`d~ehg eg~h da~ehg# hr |eam |mrqd' Dvdr~ lrh` ~bm ~uvmq hl dvbdqed enmg~elemn ou Orhad dgn Zmrgeaim# ~bmrm drm dcqh h~bmr iegnq hl  dvbdqed'  Kdrjhg' Eg /gmhchjeq~ea kdrjhg dvbdqed/# vd~emg~q adg hgcu vrhn}am gmz dvvrhe`d~ehgq hl  ahg~mg~ zhrnq "gh}gq%# ~bmu zecc gm|mr be~ ~bm mda~ zhrn' Eg jmgmrdc# `mqqdjmq drm bdrn ~h }gnmrq~dgn dgn hl~mg ah`vcm~mcu egah`vrmbmgqeocm hr gh~ nmahndocm ou ceq~mgmrq# dc~bh}jb ~bm qvmdimrq bd|m jhhn qug~d' Ahgn}a~ehg' Vd~emg~q }gnmrq~dgn zbd~ eq omegj qden ~h ~bm`# bhzm|mr# ~bmu drm }gdocm ~h rmvmd~ qegjcm zhrnq dgn `dim h~bmr mrrhrq zbmg qvmdiegj' Bhzm|mr# ~bmu drm dzdrm hl  ~bmer mrrhrq' Eg ~beq iegn hl dvbdqed# e~ eq gme~bmr Orhad*q ghr Zmrgeaim*q drmd ~bd~ eq nd`djmn# o}~ ~bm ahggma~ehg om~zmmg ~bm`' Eg ~rdgqahr~eadc dvbdqed# ~bmrm eq d zmdigmqq eg ah`vrmbmgqehg' ^bm omq~ vrmqmr|mn lmd~}rm eq ~bm doece~u ~h rmvmd~ bmdrn vbrdqmq' ^bmrmlhrm# ~bm vrhamqqegj hl cdgj}djm eq e`vdermn# o}~ ~bm vd~emg~ eq docm ~h bmdr dgn vrhgh}gam ~bm dah}q~ea abdeg' Jchodc dvbdqed bdq ~bm zhrq~ mllma~q hg ~bm vd~emg~' Dcc cdgj}djm doece~emq drm qmreh}qcu

e`vdermn eg ~beq adqm' Oh~b Zmrgeaim*q dgn Orhad*q drmdq drm nd`djmn' ='>'? DGH@ED

Dgh`ed eq ~bm chqq hl daamqq ~h amr~deg vdr~q hl ~bm cmeq' Dgh`ed vd~emg~q drm }gdocm ~h rm`m`omr ~bm gd`mq hl ~begjq# vmhvcm# hr vcdamq' ^bmrm eq hl~mg d ahgl}qehg om~zmmg qm`dg~eadccu rmcd~mn zhrnq' ]gnh}o~mncu# uh} zecc bd|m mvmremgamn ~beq vbmgh`mghg uh}rqmcl$ Zm drm dcc vrhgm ~h e~ d~ ~e`mq' E~ }q}dccu egarmdqmq ze~b djm# dc~bh}jb v}rm dgh`ed eq d `}ab `hrm da}~m q~d~m dgn eq gh~ rmcd~mn ~h djegj' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q ?2

='>'1 N UQCMRED

 ^beq eq d neqhrnmr hl rmdnegj zbmrm ~bm vd~emg~ eq gh~ advdocm ~h rmahjge{m ~bm ahrrma~ zhrn hrnmr' Vd~emg~q dcqh ~mgn ~h `eqvcdam quccdocmq' ^bmrm eq dcqh dg h|mrjmgmrdce{d~ehg hl ~bm rmcd~ehg om~zmmg vreg~mn zhrnq dgn ~bmer qh}gn |dc}m' Lhr md`vcm# d vd~emg~ `du ~rdgqvhr~ ~bm vrhg}gaed~ehg hl /ad|m/ 0 (imE|( ~h /bd|m/ 0 +(bmE|( egq~mdn hl (bT|(' ='>'> N UQJ_DVBED

Nuqjrdvbed eq d neqhrnmr hl zre~egj# `degcu qvmccegj' Vd~emg~q drm gh~ docm ~h legn ~bm ahrrma~ jrdvbm`mq zbmg v}~~egj ~bmer qvmmab eg~h zre~egj' Dcqh# ~bmu drm gh~ docm ~h qmcma~ ~bm ahrrma~ hrnmr hl jrdvbm`mq lrh` d abheam hl vhqqeocm rmvrmqmg~d~ehgq' ='= Mrrhrq

Mrrhrq eg cegj}eq~ea vrhn}a~ehg drm gh~ d `dcl}ga~ehg ad}qmn ou neqmdqm'  ^bmu haa}r lrmt}mg~cu dgn drm vdr~ hl ~bm ah``}gead~ehg vrhamqq' Bmrm drm md`vcmq hl ~bm }q}dc ~uvmq hl mrrhrq `dnm;  Dg~eaevd~ehg' Qh}gnq dvvmdr eg zhrnq omlhrm ~bmer eg~mgnmn vrhg}gaed~ehg; ~dim `u oeim X  odim `u oeim' ^beq mrrhr rm|mdcq ~bd~ l}r~bmr }~~mrdgamq zmrm dcrmdnu vcdggmn zbecm qvmdiegj' Eg vrmqmr|d~ehg mrrhrq# ~bm hvvhqe~m eq ~bm adqm' Qh}gnq drm /imv~ eg `egn/ dgn rmdvvmdr eg ~bm zrhgj vcdam; v}ccmn d ~dg~r}` X  v}ccmn d vdg~r}` _m|mrqdcq "Qvhhgmreq`q% drm mrrhrq zbmrm qh}gnq drm `emn }v ze~beg zhrnq hr vbrdqmq; bdrvqeabhrn X adrvqebhrn

Ocmgnq haa}r zbmg ~zh zhrnq drm ah`oegmn dgn vdr~q hl oh~b dvvmdr eg ~bm gmz# zrhgj zhrn; jre{{cu ) jbdq~cu X  jrdq~cu  Zhrn q}oq~e~}~ehg je|mq }q egqejb~ eg~h ~bm `mg~dc cmeahg hl ~bm qvmdimr' ^bmqm zhrnq drm }q}dccu cegimn qm`dg~eadccu' Je|m `m ~bm hrdgjm' X Je|m `m ~bm dvvcm' Mrrhrq hg d bejbmr cm|mc haa}r zbmg ~bm q~r}a~}rdc r}cmq hl cdgj}djm doh|m ~bm cm|mc hl  vrhg}gaed~ehg eglc}mgam vrhn}a~ehg' Eg ~bm omchz md`vcm# ~bm vdq~ ~mgqm hl /nd~mn/ eq h|mr}qmn' ^bm qvmdimr /ahgk}jd~mq/ ~bm lhcchzegj gh}g daahrnegj ~h ~bm jrd``d~eadc r}cmq hl /qbregi-qbrdgi-qbr}gi/; _hqd dczduq nd~mn qbregiq X _hqd dczduq nd~mn qbrdgiq' Vbhghchjeadc mrrhrq drm ~bm `eegj }v hl |heamn dgn }g|heamn qh}gnq;  ^mrru dgn K}ced X  Nmrru dgn Ab}ced Lhram hl bdoe~ daah}g~q lhr ~bm zrhgj dvvcead~ehg hl dg mcm`mg~ ~bd~ bdn ommg }qmn omlhrm eg qe`ecdr ahg~m~q' Lhr md`vcm# eg d ~mcm|eqehg orhdnadq~ ou OOA# ~bm rmvhr~mr lerq~ qvhim doh}~ q~}nehq d~ Hlhrn }ge|mrqe~u' Zbmg bm ~bmg abdgjmn ~bm ~hvea ~h d q~}nmg~ zbh bdn neqdvvmdrmn lrh` ~bm qd`m ~hzg bm qden; /^bm neqah|mru hl ~bm `eqqegj Hlhrn q~}neh/ egq~mdn hl /^bm neqah|mru hl d `eqqegj Hlhrn q~}nmg~'/

:' Vbhgm~eaq Vbhgm~eaq eq d ordgab hl cegj}eq~eaq ~bd~ q~}nemq ~bm `d~mredc dqvma~q hl  qvmmab qh}gnq' Zbd~ eq `mdg~ ou /`d~mredc dqvma~/ 8 Dgn zbd~ h~bmr lmd~}rmq meq~ zbeab abdrda~mre{m qh}gnq8 Zmcc# `d~mredc dqvma~q hl qh}gnq drm ~bhqm dqvma~q ~bd~ `dim lhr ~bm vbuqeadc vrhn}a~ehg# ~rdgqvhr~d~ehg dgn ah`vrmbmgqehg hl ~bm qh}gn' Dgh~bmr dqvma~ hl d qh}gn eq e~q

l}ga~ehg ze~beg d cdgj}djm' ^bm l}ga~ehg hl qh}gnq eq# bhzm|mr# md`egmn ou dgh~bmr cegj}eq~ea neqaevcegm# gd`mcu  vbhghchju "qmm abdv~mr 2%' Vcmdqm ~dim gh~m hl ~bm lda~ ~bh}jb ~bd~ ~beq rmvrmqmg~q ~bm M}rhvmdg "egac}negj ~bm Mgjceqb% ad~mjhre{d~ehg hl ~bmqm cegj}eq~ea neqaevcegmq dgn ~bd~ D`mreadgq lhcchz d nellmrmg~ ahg|mg~ehg' D`mreadgq }qm ~bm ~mr` /vbhghchju/ ~h rmlmr ~h h}r }gnmrq~dgnegj hl oh~b vbhgm~eaq dgn vbhghchju' ^bmu rmlmr ~h zbd~ zm adcc ‒vbhgm~eaq― dcqh dq ‒vbhgm~eaq―# o}~ rmlmr ~h zbd~ M}rhvmdgq adcc ‒vbhghchju― dq ‒vbhgm`eaq―' Qh el uh} m|mr ah`m darhqq ~bm D`mreadg ~mr`eghchju# nh gh~ om ahgl}qmn' Eg dgu zdu# eg ~beq ~m~ohhi zm zecc q~eai ~h ~bm M}rhvmdg ~mr`q'  ^bm `hnmrg dcvbdom~ nhmq gh~ q}lleam ~h ~rdgqareom dcc qh}gnq hg d hgm~h-hgm odqeq' ^bmrm drm `dgu egq~dgamq ~bh}jb# zbmg zm gmmn dg eg~mrgd~ehgdccu ah`vrmbmgqeocm ahnm lhr ~bm nm~decmn ~rdgqarev~ehg hl  qh}gnq# q}ab dq eg cegj}eq~ea rmqmdrab# dq zmcc dq eg lhrmejg cdgj}djm ~mdabegj' D qvmaedc dcvbdom~ nm|eqmn ou ~bm Eg~mrgd~ehgdc Vbhgm~ea Dqqhaed~ehg "EVD% eq ~bmg }qmn' Vbhgm~ea abdrda~mrq rmlmr ~h ~bm da~}dc }~~mrdgam hl d qh}gn' Eg vbhgm~ea zre~egj# ~bm qu`ohcq lhr ~bmqm qh}gnq drm v}~ ze~beg ordaim~q# q}ab dq; Y^P' Odai ~h vbhgm~eaq' Zm q~d~mn doh|m ~bd~ ~bmrm drm ~brmm nellmrmg~ vbuqeadc dqvma~q hl d qh}gn' ^bmqm drm ~bm dr~ea}cd~hru dqvma~ hl ~bm qvmdimr# ~bm dah}q~ea dqvma~ hl ~bm abdggmc# dgn ~bm d}ne~hru dqvma~ hl ~bm bmdrmr'

Dr~ea}cd~hru vbhgm~eaq rmqmdrabmq zbmrm dgn bhz qh}gnq drm hrejegd~mn dgn ~b}q adrremq h}~ vbuqehchjeadc q~}nemq hl ~bm rmqverd~hru ~rda~# ~ruegj ~h chad~m vrmaeqmcu d~ zbeab chad~ehg dgn eg zbeab `dggmr d qh}gn eq vrhn}amn' Dah}q~ea vbhgm~eaq md`egmq ~bm cmgj~b# lrmt}mgau dgn ve~ab hl  qh}gnq' Qvmaedc egq~r}`mg~q drm rmt}ermn ~h `mdq}rm dgn dgdcu{m ~bm qh}gnq zbecm ~bmu ~rd|mc |ed ~bm abdggmc' D}ne~hru vbhgm~eaq q~}nemq zbd~ bdvvmgq egqenm ~bm mdr dgn ordeg zbmg qh}gnq drm legdccu

rmame|mn' E~ dcqh eg~mrmq~mn eg h}r doece~u ~h enmg~elu dgn nellmrmg~ed~m qh}gnq' :'4 Dr~ea}cd~hru vbhgm~eaq - ahgqhgdg~q

Eg ~beq ~m~ohhi# zm zecc ahgamg~rd~m hg dr~ea}cd~hru vbhgm~eaq# zbeab dcqh bdvvmgq ~h om zbd~ `hnmrg cegj}eq~eaq bdq ~rdne~ehgdccu lha}qmn hg' H}r gh~ehg hl ~bm ~uveadc# acdqqeadc cegj}eq~# {mdch}qcu q~}nuegj qvmmab qh}gnq# q}ab dq ~bm ld`h}q Nr' Bejjegq lrh` Jmhrjm Omrgdrn Qbdz*q Vuj`dcehg# eq nmre|mn lrh` ~beq q~djm eg ~bm neqaevcegm' Dgu qvmmab qh}gn eq ad}qmn ou d q~rmd` hl der ~bd~# hrejegd~egj eg h}r |hadc dvvdrd~}q# mqadvmq h}r `h}~b hr ghqm' ^bm |dreh}q qh}gnq dcc nellmr daahrnegj ~h ~bm |heaegj# chad~ehg dgn `dggmr hl ~bmer vrhn}a~ehg' D `eghr abdgjm hl dgu hl ~bmqm ~brmm lda~hrq `du dc~mr d qh}gn qejgeleadg~cu' Lhr md`vcm# el d q~rmd` hl der cmd|mq ~bm |hadc ~rda~ }gbegnmrmn# ~bm rmq}c~ eq d |hzmc' El ~bm q~rmd` hl der eq hoq~r}a~mn eg dgu zdu ~bm rmq}c~ eq d ahgqhgdg~' Dc~bh}jb ~bm vrhamn}rm eq |mru ah`vcm# e~ eq vhqqeocm ~h nm~mr`egm ~bm mda~ |heaegj# chad~ehg dgn `dggmr hl dr~ea}cd~ehg hl dcc qh}gnq hl d cdgj}djm' :'4'4 \HEAEGJ

 ^ru ~h }~~mr ~zh chgj ahgqhgdg~q# lerq~ Y{P# ~bmg YqP# ahg~eg}dccu; /{{{{{{{{qqqqqqqqqq{{{{{{{/' Bhcn uh}r legjmr~ev ~h uh}r cdrug "Dnd`*q dvvcm% dgn ~ru ~h gh~eam zbd~ bdvvmgq' Uh} zecc lmmc d |eord~ehg' ^beq eq ad}qmn ou d q~rmd` hl der ~bd~ eq omegj vrmqqmn ~brh}jb d gdrrhz dvmr~}rm# adccmn jch~~eq# om~zmmg ~bm |hadc ahrnq' E~ eq ~bm vrmqq}rm hl ~bm der hg ~bm zdccq hl ~bm jch~~eq ~bd~ ad}qmq ~bm |eord~ehg hl ~bm ahrnq' Zm drm docm ~h vrhn}am ~zh nellmrmg~ qm~q hl  qh}gnq# zbeab drm h~bmrzeqm enmg~eadc; |heamn dgn |heamcmqq qh}gnq# ou ~beq q`dcc abdgjm hl  ~bm jch~~eq' ^bmrm drm `dgu ahgqhgdg~q zbeab drm nellmrmg~ed~mn eg ~beq zdu# ceim YlP„Y|P# Y~P„ YnP# hr YjP„YiP' :'4'? @DGGM_ HL D_^EA]CD^EHG :'4'?'4 Vchqe|mq dgn ahg~eg}dg~q

Dgh~bmr l}gnd`mg~dc neq~ega~ehg hl ahgqhgdg~q eq `dnm om~zmmg qhadccmn vchqe|mq dgn ahg~eg}dg~q' Vchqe|mq drm ahgqhgdg~q ~bd~ drm orh}jb~ doh}~ ou dg mvchqe|m rmcmdqm

hl der lrh` ~bm `h}~b# m'j' Y~P' ^bmu drm dcqh adccmn q~hvq# hr hrdc q~hvq' El ~bm der eq rmcmdqmn ~brh}jb ~bm ghqm# zm adcc ~bm rmq}c~egj ahgqhgdg~ eq d gdqdc vchqe|m# dq eg Y`P hr YgP# zbeab eq dcqh adccmn gdqdc q~hv qegam ~bm `h}~b eq imv~ achqmn lhr ~bm `hq~ vdr~' El ~bm der ahg~eg}mq ~h om rmcmdqmn dl~mr ~bm dr~ea}cd~ehg hl ~bm ahgqhgdg~# ~bm qh}gn eq d ahg~eg}dg~ ' El zm cm~ h}~ der ahg~eg}h}qcu ~brh}jb d qvdam ombegn ~bm }vvmr ~mm~b# ~bm qh-adccmn dc|mhcdr renjm'# zm vrhn}am d ~uvm hl ahg~eg}dg~ qh}gn adccmn lread~e|m# m'j'# YlP' Dllread~mq drm vrhn}amn ou d vchqe|m dgn d lread~e|m ahg~eg}dg~ lhcchzegj e``mned~mcu ~bmrmdl~mr# dq eg Y~QP# m'j'# eg ~bm zhrn /abder/' Lread~e|mq dgn dllread~mq ze~b d beqqegj qh}gn# dq Y{P eg /{ev/# hr Y[P eg /`mdq}rm/ drm dcqh adccmn qeoecdg~q' Hrdc q~hvq# e'm' ghggdqdc vchqe|mq# dgn lread~e|m dgn dllread~e|m ahg~eg}dg~q dcc bd|m eg ah``hg ~bd~ ~bm der eq gh~ cm~ h}~ ~brh}jb ~bm ghqm9 ahgqhgdg~q vrhn}amn eg ~beq zdu drm adccmn hoq~r}mg~q' El der eq rmcmdqmn dcqh ~brh}jb ~bm ghqm# ~bmqm ahgqhgdg~q drm adccmn qhghrdg~q' ^bm qh}gnq YcP dgn YrP drm adccmn cet}enq' :'4'?'?' Dqverd~ehg

D l}r~bmr `dggmr hl dr~ea}cd~egj d qh}gn eq ou me~bmr dqverd~egj hr gh~ dqverd~egj ~bm qh}gn'  ^ru ~h vrhgh}gam ~bmqm; Yve~P„Yqve~P' Uh} zecc gh~eam ~bd~ zbecm qduegj ~bm zhrn ‒ve~―# d q~rmd` hl der m|dnmq uh}r `h}~b# zbmrmdq zbmg qduegj ‒qve~―# uh}r jch~~eq q~dr~q ~h |eord~m e``mned~mcu dl~mr ~bm vrhg}gaed~ehg hl YqvP' Bmgam# zm `du adcc ~bm YvP dqverd~mn zbmg qduegj ‒ve~# zbecm e~ eq }gdqverd~mn zbmg qduegj ‒qve~―'  ^beq neq~ega~ehg rmq}c~q lrh` ~bm jch~~eq rm`degegj hvmg dl~mr amr~deg haadqehgq hl d qh}gn# gd`mcu eg ~bm adqm hl dqverd~mn hgmq' :'4'1 VCDAM HL D_^EA]CD^EHG

Ahgqhgdg~q drm neq~egj}eqbmn dcqh daahrnegj ~h ~bm chad~ehg hl ~bmer vrhn}a~ehg# ~bd~ eq# dl~mr ~bm |dreh}q hrjdgq hl ~bm |hadc ~rda~' Cdoedcq drm ahgqhgdg~q ~bd~ drm dr~ea}cd~mn ou }qm hl ~bm cevq' Qh`m hl  ~bmqm drm armd~mn ou

oregjegj ~bm cevq ~hjm~bmr# ceim Y`P' ^bmqm drm adccmn oecdoedcq' H~bmr ahgqhgdg~q drm orh}jb~ doh}~ ou oregjegj ~bm oh~~h` cev ~h ~bm }vvmr ~mm~b' ^bmqm drm adccmn cdoehnmg~dcq# m'j'# YlP' Dc|mhcdrq' ^bmqm drm dr~ea}cd~mn ou rdeqegj ~bm ~ev hl ~bm ~hgj}m ~h ~bm dc|mhcdr renjm# ceim YnP' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q 1<

\mcdrq' El uh} rdeqm ~bm odai hl uh}r ~hgj}m ~h ~bm qhl~ |mc}`# |mcdrq drm vrhn}amn' Dg md`vcm eq YjP' Eg~mrnmg~dcq drm ~bm qh}gnq d~ ~bm omjeggegj hl /~beg/ dgn /~bmg/# eg EVD; Y^P dgn YNP' Eg hrnmr ~h dr~ea}cd~m ~bmqm# uh} bd|m ~h vrmqq ~bm ~hgj}m om~zmmg ~bm ~mm~b' Djdeg uh} adg qmm ~bd~ ~bm nellmrmgam eq |heaegj' Vdcd~dcq "hr Dc|mhvdcd~dcq% dq eg ~bm `enncm hl ~bm zhrn /`mdq}rm/ drm vrhn}amn ou ~bm ahg~da~ hl ~bm lrhg~ vdr~ hl ~bm ~hgj}m ze~b ~bm bdrn vdcd~m k}q~ ombegn ~bm dc|mhcdr renjm' Ze~b ~bm bmcv hl ~beq nm~decmn eglhr`d~ehg zm adg ghz rmlmr ~h m|mru ahgqhgdg~ ou e~q chad~ehg dgn `dggmr hl dr~ea}cd~ehg9 YlP# lhr md`vcm# eq d |heamcmqq# cdoehnmg~dc lread~e|m' :'? Dr~ea}cd~hru vbhgm~eaq „ |hzmcq

Eg ahg~rdq~ ~h ahgqhgdg~q# zbmrm |heam# `dggmr dgn vcdam hl dr~ea}cd~ehg qmr|m dq nmqarev~e|m ad~mjhremq# |hzmcq drm nellmrmg~ed~mn ou ~bmer vhqe~ehg hl ~bm ~hgj}m dgn ~bm cevq' ^bmqm ad~mjhremq drm egnead~e|m hl ~bm nellmrmg~ zduq eg zbeab ~bm ~zh qh}gnq drm vrhn}amn - zbecm ahgqhgdg~q drm vrhn}amn ze~b ~bm bmcv hl `dgu hrjdgq# |hzmcq nmvmgn hgcu hg ~bm vhqe~ehg hl ~bm ~hgj}m dgn ~bm cevq' ^bm vhqe~ehgegj ~bm ~hgj}m dgn ~bm cevq dcchz lhr d jrmd~ d`h}g~ hl |dred~ehg# mgdocegj }q ~h |heam `dgu `hrm |hzmcq ~bdg ~bm ld`ecedr le|m |hzmcq d# m# e# h# }' Mgjceqb bdq `hrm ~bdg d nh{mg nellmrmg~ |hzmcq' Dcqh# eg Mgjceqb zm legn qm|mrdc nevb~hgjq' \hzmcq adg om

vrhn}amn ou rdeqegj ~bm ~hgj}m bejb# immvegj e~ eg ~bm `enncm# hr chz eg ~bm `h}~b9 dcqh# ~bm ~hgj}m adg om `h|mn ~h ~bm lrhg~# amg~mr hr odai'  ^bm cevq adg om rh}gnmn hr ghgrh}gnmn' El uh} ~ru ~h dr~ea}cd~m zbecm `h|egj uh}r cevq dgn uh}r ~hgj}m drh}gn# uh} zecc gh~eam bhz `dgelhcn ~bm rmq}c~egj |hzmc-ceim qh}gnq drm' D jmgmrdc abdr~ hl ~bm |hzmcq hl  Mgjceqb chhiq dq lhcchzq;

 ^beq abdr~ eq d rh}jb qim~ab hl ~bm `h}~b' E~ eq qe`ecdr ~h d ahhrnegd~m quq~m`# ze~b ~bm vhqe~ehgq bejb# `enncm# dgn chz rmvrmqmg~egj hgm deq# dgn ~bm vhqe~ehgq lrhg~# amg~rdc# dgn odai ~bm h~bmr deq' ^bm hgcu vhqe~ehg gh~ }qmn eg Mgjceqb lhr ~bm vrhg}gaed~ehg hl |hzmcq eq ~bm bejb amg~rdc vheg~' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q 1:

:'1 Mgjceqb qh}gnq „ dg h|mr|emz

Eg ~bm lhcchzegj# uh} zecc legn d jmgmrdc abdrda~mre{d~ehg hl Mgjceqb qh}gnq' Ze~b ~beq ~docm d~ bdgn# dcc qh}gnq adg om mdqecu enmg~elemn daahrnegj ~h ~bmer vcdam dgn `dggmr hl dr~ea}cd~ehg'

Bmrm eq d q}``dru hl ~bm abdrda~mreq~eaq; Hrdc q~hvq# lread~e|mq# dgn dllread~mq drm ahgqhgdg~q rmlmrrmn ~h dq hoq~r}mg~q;  ^bm q~rmd` hl der adggh~ mqadvm ~brh}jb ~bm ghqm dgn zbmrm e~ vdqqmq ~brh}jb ~bm `h}~b# e~ eq hoq~r}a~mn' Dcc h~bmr ahgqhgdg~q drm qhghrdg~q' Jch~~dcq drm qh}gnq vrhn}amn ou ~bm der q~rmd` `h|egj dchgj ~bm jch~~eq' ^bm jch~~dc q~hv Y(P eq vrhn}amn ou d ah`vcm~m achq}rm hl ~bm jch~~eq' Uh} `du ~mq~ ~beq ou qduegj /db-dbdb'/ Dgh~bmr lmd~}rm hl |hzmcq eq zbm~bmr ~bmu drm rh}gnmn hr }grh}gnmn'  ^beq rmlmrq ~h ~bm vhqe~ehg hl ~bm cevq' Mgjceqb lrhg~ |hzmcq drm dczduq }grh}gnmn' Jmr`dg YuP eq dg md`vcm

hl rh}gnmn lrhg~ |hzmcq' Mgjceqb amg~rdc |hzmcq drm dczduq }grh}gnmn' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q 12

Mgjceqb odai |hzmcq drm dczduq rh}gnmn'

2' Vbhghchju  Vbhghchju nmdcq ze~b ~bm l}ga~ehg hl qh}gnq ze~beg d cdgj}djm' Cm~ }q bd|m d achqm chhi d~ ~bmqm l}ga~ehgq' M|mru cdgj}djm bdq d vrmaeqmcu nmlegmn qm~ hl qh}gnq'  ^beq qm~ ahgqeq~q hl ~bm qh-adccmn neq~ega~e|m qh}gnq' ^bm quq~m` hl ~bm qvmmab qh}gnq dgn ~bmer }qdjm eq nmlegmn dq n}dce~u hl vd~~mrgegj; ze~b d je|mg qm~ hl ah`vhgmg~q# zm `du ahgq~r}a~ dg }gce`e~mn g}`omr hl gmz drrdgjm`mg~q hl ~bm ah`vhgmg~q' Eg h~bmr zhrnq; H}r cdgj}djm vrh|enmq }q ze~b d ce`e~mn qm~ hl qh}gnq# o}~ zm adg drrdgjm ~bmqm ~h m|mr gmz }~~mrdgamq' 2'4 Vbhgm`mq dgn dcchvbhgmq

Ou adccegj d qh}gn neq~ega~e|m# zm rmlmr ~h e~q advdoece~u hl abdgjegj ~bm `mdgegj hl d zhrn' Gd~}rdccu# qegjcm qh}gnq adggh~ adrru dgu `mdgegj' /O/ hr /V/# lhr md`vcm# drm `mdgegjcmqq }~~mrdgamq' O}~ zbmg qm|mrdc neq~ega~ qh}gnq drm dqqm`ocmn ~h d zhrn# mdab hl ~bm` q}nnmgcu ahg~reo}~m ~h d `mdgegj' Dgn ou mabdgjegj egne|en}dc neq~ega~ qh}gnq# zm `du abdgjm ~beq `mdgegj' Zm adcc ~bmqm qh}gnq  vbhgm`mq# ~bm q`dccmq~ neq~ega~e|m mcm`mg~q hl d cdgj}djm'  ^bmu drm mdqu ~h neqamrg' Ah`vdrm ~zh zhrnq zbeab nellmr hgcu ou hgm qh}gn# m'j'# /veg/ dgn /oeg/' Ou rmvcdaegj ~bm omjeggegj ahgqhgdg~q# ~bm `mdgegj hl ~bm zhrn abdgjmq' Zm adcc q}ab vderq `ege`dc vderq'  ^bm ~mq~ zm k}q~ vmrlhr`mn ~h chad~m ~bm vbhgm`mq eq adccmn Ah``}~d~ehg ^mq~ ' ^bm vbhgm`mq ~bmrmou neqamrgmn drm ~bmg v}~ ze~beg ndqbmq# q}ab dq (v(# (o(# lhr vbhghchjeadc ~rdgqarev~ehg'

 ^bmqm drm# hl ah}rqm# enmdc }ge~q hl ~bm qh}gn quq~m` hl d cdgj}djm' ^bmu qbh}cn gh~ om ahgl}qmn ze~b ~bm qh}gnq hl da~}dc }~~mrdgamq md`egmn ou vbhgm~eaq' Vbhgm~eaq ~remq ~h nellmrmg~ed~m d`hgj ~bm qh}gnq ze~b ~bm bejbmq~ vhqqeocm nmjrmm hl daa}rdau' E~ nhmq qh ze~bh}~ rmjdrn lhr ~bm eglc}mgam d qh}gn `du bd|m hg ~bm `mdgegj hl dg }~~mrdgam' ^bmqm vbhgm~ea }ge~q drm v}~ eg ordaim~q# dq uh} adg qmm eg ~bm abdv~mr hg  vbhgm~eaq'

Gh~ dcc qh}gnq hl d cdgj}djm drm gmamqqdrecu neq~ega~e|m qh}gnq' Ah`vdrm ~bm Mgjceqb dgn D`mreadg vrhg}gaed~ehgq hl /ndgam/; YnTgqP |mrq}q YnD¯gqP' Dc~bh}jb ~bmrm drm nellmrmg~ qh}gnq eg ~bm vder# ~bm `mdgegj nhmq gh~ abdgjm' ^b}q# YD¯P dgn YTP drm gh~ vbhgm`mq eg ~beq adqm' Zm adcc ~beq vbmgh`mghg lrmm |dred~ehg' ^bm ~zh qh}gnq adg om rmlmrrmn ~h dq dcchvbhgmq '  ^bmqm qh}gnq drm `mrmcu |dred~ehgq eg vrhg}gaed~ehg hl ~bm qd`m vbhgm`m dgn nh gh~ abdgjm ~bm `mdgegj hl ~bm zhrn' Lrmm |dred~ehg adg om lh}gn eg |dreh}q nedcma~q hl ~bm qd`m cdgj}djm' Eg ~beq adqm# ~bm nellmrmg~ vrhg}gaed~ehgq hl zhrnq ~brh}jbh}~ d ah}g~ru nh gh~ abdgjm ~bm `mdgegj hl ~bhqm zhrnq' Dgh~bmr md`vcm hl qh}gnq zbeab drm gh~ vbhgm`mq drm ~bhqm zbeab haa}r eg ah`vcm`mg~dru neq~reo}~ehg' ^beq `mdgq ~bd~ zbmrm hgm qh}gn hl ~bm vder haa}rq# ~bm h~bmr nhmq gh~' Dg md`vcm lhr ah`vcm`mg~dru neq~reo}~ehg drm ~bm dqverd~mn dgn }gdqverd~mn dcchvbhgmq hl (v(' ^bm ege~edc ahgqhgdg~ dq eg /vecc/ eq dqverd~mn' ^bm ahgqhgdg~ dl~mr (q( eg /qvreg~/ eq }gdqverd~mn' ^bm rmqvma~e|m ~rdgqarev~ehgq zh}cn om YvBecP dgn YqvrEg~P# zbmrm YBP egnead~mq dqverd~ehg' Dqverd~mn YvBP# dq uh} adg qmm eg ~beq md`vcm# haa}rq hgcu d~ ~bm omjeggegj hl zhrnq' YvBP dgn YvPdrm hgcu dcchvbhgmq hl ~bm qd`m vbhgm`m (v(' 2'? Neq~ega~e|m lmd~}rmq

Lrh` h}r q~}nemq hl vbhgm~eaq# zm ighz bhz ~h nmqareom ~bm lmd~}rmq hl  qh}gnq' ^bm qd`m ~mabget}mq dvvcu lhr ~bm nmqarev~ehg hl vbhgm`mq' Eg ~bm vder /|d}c~ / dgn / ld}c~ /# lhr md`vcm# ~bm nellmrmgam cemq eg ~bm |heaegj hl ~bm lerq~

vbhgm`mq; (|( |mrq}q (l(# ~bm lerq~ rmvrmqmg~egj d |heamn ahgqhgdg~ Y)|heamnP# ~bm qmahgn dg }g|heamn ahgqhgdg~ Y-|heamnP' \heaegj eq hl  jrmd~ e`vhr~dgam eg ~bm Mgjceqb qh}gn quq~m`' ^bmrmlhrm zm adcc e~ d neq~ega~e|m lmd~}rm' H~bmr neq~ega~e|m lmd~}rmq drm Y´gdqdcP "lhr ahgqhgdg~q hgcu%hr Y´ahgqhgdg~dcP# m~a'

V CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q >6

M|mru lmd~}rm bdq ~zh |dc}mq# ~bm vhqe~e|m |dc}m ‒)― ahg~rdq~egj ~bm gmjd~e|m |dc}m ‒-―' 2'1 _mn}gndg~ lmd~}rmq

Qh`m lmd~}rmq hl qh}gnq `du om rmn}gndg~ eg d cdgj}djm' ^beq `mdgq ~bd~ ~bmqm qh}gnq bd|m d qvmaelea lmd~}rm# o}~ nh gh~ ahgq~e~}~m `ege`dc vderq' Dg md`vcm lhr q}ab d rmn}gndg~ lmd~}rm eq Y´gdqdcP hl |hzmcq eg Mgjceqb' Uh} bd|m dcrmdnu qmmg ~bd~ vbhgm~eaq ~rmd~q ahgqhgdg~q dq gdqdc hr ghggdqdc hgcu' Q~ecc# |hzmcq adg om vhqe~e|m gdqdc Y)gdqdcP hr gmjd~e|m gdqdc Y-gdqdcP'  ^beq nhmq gh~ `dim ~bm` eg~h vbhgm`mq9 ~bmu drm `mrmcu dcchvbhgmq hl  ~bm qd`m |hzmc' Eg ~bm Mgjceqb cdgj}djm ~bm rmn}gndg~ lmd~}rm hl gdqdce~u eq lh}gn ~h doenm ~h d jmgmrdc r}cm; \hzmcq ~bd~ drm Y)gdqdcP drm dczduq lhcchzmn ou ahgqhgdg~ ~bd~ drm dcqh Y)gdqdcP' Ceimzeqm# ‒Ahgqhgdg~q ~bd~ drm Y)gdqdcP drm dczduq vrmamnmn ou |hzmcq ~bd~ drm dcqh Y)gdqdcP' Lhr md`vcm# ~bm |hzmc eg /odgn/ eq Y)gdqdcP# zbecm eg /odr/# e~ eq Y-gdqdcP' Q~ecc# gdqdce~u eq d neq~ega~e|m lmd~}rm eg Mgjceqb ahgqhgdg~q' Eg cdgj}djmq h~bmr ~bdg Mgjceqb# gdqdce~u hl |hzmcq `du zmcc gh~ om d rmn}gndg~ lmd~}rm' ^bm jmgmrdc r}cm q~d~mn doh|m qduq ~bd~ gdqdce~u eg Mgjceqb |hzmcq eq vrmnea~docm# omad}qm uh} adg ~mcc el d |hzmc eq gdqdc hr gh~ ou chhiegj d~ ~bm ahgqhgdg~ lhcchzegj e~' 2'> _}cmq hl vbhghchju 

 ^bm qmt}mgamq hl vbhgm`mq drm nm~mr`egmn ou amr~deg cdzq ~bd~ drm vma}cedr ~h ~bd~ vdr~ea}cdr cdgj}djm' ^bm Mgjceqb cdgj}djm# lhr md`vcm#

nhmq gh~ dcchz ahgqhgdg~q q}ab dq (o( hr (j( ~h om lhcchzmn ou d ahgqhgdg~ qe`ecdr ~h e~' ^bm vbhgm`m qmt}mgam +(ojce{(# ~h je|m dgh~bmr md`vcm# eq gh~ vmr`e~~mn eg Mgjceqb n}m ~h ~bm ahgqhgdg~ ac}q~mr (oj( d~ ~bm omjeggegj' ^bm lhcchzegj r}cmq bd|m ommg lh}gn ~h dvvcu ~h ~bm dqqm`ocu hl vbhgm`m qmt}mgamq eg ~bm Mgjceqb cdgj}djm' 2'>'4 DQQE@ECD^EHG _]CMQ

 ^bm r}cm q~d~mn doh|m ahgamrgegj ~bm gdqdce{d~ehg hl |hzmcq vrmamnegj Y)gdqdcP ahgqhgdg~q eq dg dqqe`ecd~ehg r}cm' ^bm |hzmc qmj`mg~ eq dqqe`ecd~mn ~h ~bm ahgqhgdg~ qmj`mg~ ou ahvuegj ~bm Y ´ gdqdcP lmd~}rm hl  ~bm cd~~mr ~h ~bm lhr`mr' Uh} adg hoqmr|m ~beq vbmgh`mghg eg uh}r hzg cdgj}djm' ^bmrm drm `dgu egq~dgamq eg zbeab zm ~ru ~h mdqm dr~ea}cd~ehg dgn ~bm mdqemq~ zdu hl nhegj ~beq eq ~h qe`vcelu dr~ea}cd~ehg ou dqqe`ecd~egj qh}gnq' ^bm dqqe`ecd~ehg r}cm dcqh rmlcma~q d vbmgh`mghg adccmn ahdr~ea}cd~ehg' Daahrnegj ~h ~beq vregaevcm# lmd~}rmq hl vbhgm`mq qvrmdn eg dg~eaevd~ehg hl qh}gnq hr vmrqm|mrd~ehg hl dr~ea}cd~hru vrhamqqmq' 2'>'? LMD^]_M DNNE^EHG _]CMQ

Qh`m~e`mq# lmd~}rmq drm dnnmn ~h vbhgm`mq zbmg ~bmu haa}r eg d qvmaelea vbhgm~ea ahg~m~ ' Zm bd|m dcrmdnu chhimn d~ dqverd~mn dgn }gdqverd~mn haa}rrmgamq hl  q~hvq ceim (v(' D~ ~bm omjeggegjq hl zhrnq dq eg vecc# (v( eq dqverd~mn' ^bm lmd~}rm hl dqverd~ehg eq bmgam dnnmn omad}qm (v( eq d qh}gn d~ ~bm omjeggegj hl d zhrn' Eg h~bmr vbhgm~ea ahg~m~q# ~bm lmd~}rm hl dqverd~ehg eq gh~ dnnmn' 2'>'1 QMJ@MG^-NMCM^EHG DGN DNNE^EHG _]CMQ

Vbhghchjeadc r}cmq hl d cdgj}djm `du rmq}c~ eg ~bm dnne~ehg hr nmcm~ehg hl  qmj`mg~q lrh` d vbhgm`m qmt}mgam' D jhhn md`vcm lhr ~beq r}cm eq Lrmgab# zbmrm zhrnlegdc ahgqhgdg~q drm nmcm~mn zbmg d ahgqhgdg~ lhcchzq' O}~ ~bmu drm `deg~degmn zbmg ~bm lhcchzegj zhrn q~dr~q ze~b d |hzmc hr d jcenm; CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q >4

Omlhrm d ahgqhgdg~; vm~e~ ~docmd} Yv¾~e ~dochP Omlhrm d |hzmc; vm~e~ d`e Yv¾~e~ d`eP 2'>'> @H\M@MG^ "@M^D^BMQEQ%

_]CMQ

Eg qh`m cdgj}djmq# dgn eg qh`m Mgjceqb nedcma~q# vbhgm`mq drm rmdrrdgjmn' Ahgqenmr ~bm md`vcm /dqi/' Eg qh`m Mgjceqb nedcma~q# e~ eq

vrhgh}gamn YTiqP' Beq~hreadccu# /dqi/ nmre|mn lrh` HM /diqedg/' D `m~d~bmqeq r}cm abdgjmn e~ eg `hq~ Mgjceqb nedcma~q ~h ~bm lhr` ah``hgcu ighzg ~hndu# zbmrmdq eg h~bmrq# ~bm hcn lhr` eq vmr~degmn'

5' @hrvbhchju   ^bmrmdq vbhghchju q~}nemq ~bm q`dccmq~ neq~ega~e|m mcm`mg~q hl d cdgj}djm # `hrvbhchju eq ~bm q~}nu hl ~bm q`dccmq~ `mdgegj }ge~q hl d cdgj}djm' ^beq q`dccmq~ `mdgegj }ge~ eq dcqh adccmn d `hrvbm`m' ^bm h|mrrenegj r}cm eq ~bd~ d `hrvbm`m `}q~ om docm ~h q~dgn dchgm# e'm' ~h uemcn `mdgegj egnmvmgnmg~cu hl e~q jmgmrdc ahg~m~' Cm~―q q~dr~ h}~ ou ~diegj d achqmr chhi d~ ~bm ~mr` ‒q`dccmq~ `mdgegj }ge~― dgn bhz e~ `du om }gnmrq~hhn' Zm drm egacegmn ~h ~begi ~bd~ d *zhrn* le~q ~bm nmlege~ehg hl *q`dccmq~ `mdgegj }ge~*' Bhzm|mr# gh~ dcc zhrnq drm qegjcm `mdgegj }ge~q' Qh`m zhrnq drm ‒ghgqmgqm zhrnq― dgn cdai dgu `mdgegj zbd~qhm|mr' ^bmqm drm eg|mg~mn zhrnq `hq~cu# lhr md`vcm /oreccej/# hr /abhrvq/' ^bmg ~bmrm drm zhrnq ~bd~ drm ah`vhqmn hl `hrm ~bdg hgm `mdgegj }ge~' Md`vcmq hl zhrnq zbeab ahgqeq~ hl `hrm ~bdg hgm `mdgegj }ge~ drm; oc}môomrru# d}~hôo}q# bmgamôlhr~b Dc~bh}jb d zhrn `du om d q`dccmq~ `mdgegj }ge~# q}ab dq *oc}m*# e~ nhmq gh~ gmamqqdrecu bd|m ~h om hgm# dq eg *oc}momrru* Gme~bmr adg quccdocmq om rmjdrnmn dq ~bm q`dccmq~ `mdgegj }ge~q' ^bmu drm# eg ~bm lerq~ vcdam# vbhghchjeadc }ge~q' ^bmu ahgqeq~ hl d g}acm}q# zbeab eq d |hzmc# d nevb~bhgj# hr d |hzmc-ceim ahgqhgdg~# dgn hgm hr qm|mrdc qd~mcce~mq' D qd~mcce~m eq dczduq d ahgqhgdg~' "qd~mcce~mq% ) g}acm}q ) "qd~mcce~mq% "A4# A?#'''% ) \ ) "A4# A?#'''%

Zhrnq `du ahgqeq~ hl qm|mrdc quccdocmq# o}~ gh~ dcc hl ~bm` drm gmamqqdrecu `mdgegj }ge~q' Md`vcm; @dqôqdôab}ôqm~~q# vhôceam# `hô~bmr  ^b}q# zbecm d quccdocm `du om d q`dccmq~ `mdgegj }ge~# q}ab dq ~bm quccdocm ‒mgn― eg ~bm zhrn ‒mgncmqq―# e~ nhmq gh~ gmamqqdrecu bd|m ~h om hgm' Dq zm adg qmm# d `hrvbm`m adggh~ gmamqqdrecu om ahglegmn ~h d vdr~ea}cdr lhr` hl d zhrn hr d quccdocm' ^bm q~}nu hl `hrvbhchju qmmiq ~h# eg ~bm lerq~ vcdam# nm~mr`egm ~bm vrmaeqm lhr` "Jrmmi- `hrvb% ~bd~ dg mcm`mg~dc `mdgegj ~dimq' Bhzm|mr# e~ nhmq# dq zm zecc qmm cd~mr# rm`deg ze~beg ~bm doq~rda~ nh`deg# eg adqmq zbmrm lhr` me~bmr |dremq hr zbmrm lhr` eq qe`vcu ghgmeq~mg~' @hrvbm`mq drm dcqh rmlmrrmn ~h dq ~bm `ege`dc cegj}eq~ea qejgq9 uh} `du dcqh ah`m darhqq ~bm ~mr` `hgm`m# zbeab eq ~bm Lrmgab ~mr` lhr `hrvbm`m'  ^bm doh|m `du bd|m je|mg uh} dg }gnmrq~dgnegj hl zbu cegj}eq~q bd|m ommg mgjdjmn eg mgncmqq nmod~mq h|mr ~bm nmlege~ehg hl ~bm zhrn /zhrn/'  ^bm ~mr` rm`degq d`oej}h}q# dgn zm qbh}cn ~ru dq omq~ ~h d|hen e~' Dl~mr dcc# cegj}eq~ea ~mr`eghchju eq d|decdocm ~h nmqareom cegj}eq~ea}ge~q eg bejbmr nm~dec' 5'4 ^uvmq hl `hrvbm`mq

Zm adg neqamrg nellmrmg~ ~uvmq hl `hrvbm`mq zbmg dgdcu{egj d ~m~ ahrv}q' ^bm vrhamqq hl  qhr~egj h}~ zbeab `hrvbm`m eq zbeab eq adccmn neq~reo}~ehgdc dgdcuqeq' 5'4'4 J_D@@D^EADC

ACDQQELEAD^EHG

Jrd``d~eadccu qvmdiegj# ~bmrm drm ~zh acdqqmq hl `hrvbm`mq;

Z CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q >1

Lrmm `hrvbm`mq; ~bmqm `du haa}r hg ~bmer hzg# ~bmu adg om }qmn lrmmcu daahrnegj ~h ~bm r}cmq hl qmg~mgam q~r}a~}rm# lhr md`vcm /ohu# ~rmm# ab}rab# jh# cmd|m# ch|m'/ Oh}gn `hrvbm`mq; ^bmqm drm dg mamv~ehg ~h ~bm r}cm ~bd~ d

`hrvbm`m `}q~ om docm ~h q~dgn dchgm9 ~bmu bd|m gh `mdgegj hl ~bmer hzg# o}~ dnn q}oq~dg~edc `mdgegj ~h h~bmr `hrvbm`mq ~h zbeab ~bmu drm d~~dabmn' ^bmu drm }qmn lhr |dreh}q v}rvhqmq# q}ab dq eglcma~ehg' Md`vcm; /-egj# -mr/ eg /zhri egj# zhrimr '/# zbmrm /zhri/ eq d lrmm `hrvbm`m daah`vdgemn ou |dreh}q oh}gn `hrvbm`mq# gd`mcu q}llemq' 5'4'? @H_VBHCHJEADC

ACDQQELEAD^EHG

@hrvbhchjeadc acdqqelead~ehg zecc bmcv uh} ~h }gnmrq~dgn mamv~ehgq dgn nellmrmg~ haa}rrmgamq hl `hrvbm`mq' Bh`hvbhgh}q `hrvbm`mq qh}gn ~bm qd`m# dc~bh}jb ~bmer `hrvbhchjeadc l}ga~ehg dgn |eq}dc rmdce{d~ehg `du om nellmrmg~# lhr md`vcm ~bm /eg/ eg /egg/# dgn ~bm /eg/ eg /egahgjr}h}q/' Neqahg~eg}h}q `hrvbm`mq' D `hrvbm`m hl ~beq ~uvm nhmq gh~ dvvmdr eg hgm ahg~eg}h}q q~regj eg d zhrn# o}~ eq qvce~ }v eg~h lrdj`mg~q' Lhr md`vcm# ~bm `hrvbm`m /jm- dgn -~/ eg ~bm Jmr`dg zhrn /jm-rmeq-~/' Q~ecc# oh~b vdr~q omchgj ~hjm~bmr' D vhr~`dg~md} `hrvbm`m eq ~bm rmq}c~ hl d l}qehg hl ~zh h~bmr `hrvbm`mq' Lhr md`vcm# ~bm Lrmgab /d}/ eq d l}qehg hl ~bm lhr`mr `hrvbm`mq /æ/ dgn /cm/' ]get}m hr rmqen}dc `hrvbm`mq' ^bmqm drm d l}r~bmr mamv~ehg ~h ~bm r}cm ~bd~ d `hrvbm`m `}q~ om docm ~h q~dgn dchgm' _mvrmqmg~egj oh}gn `hrvbm`mq# }get}m hr rmqen}dc `hrvbm`mq drm# ou ~bm`qmc|mq# `mdgegjcmqq dgn jdeg `mdgegj hgcu eg ah`oegd~ehg ze~b h~bmr `hrvbm`mq' Md`vcmq lhr ~beq iegn hl `hrvbm`m drm ~bm /ardg/ eg /ardgomrru/# hr ~bm /`e~/ eg /~rdgq`e~/# /ah``e~/# dgn qh hg'  [mrh `hrvbm`mq' Dq dcrmdnu `mg~ehgmn doh|m# ~bmrm nh meq~ `mdgegjl}c jrd``d~eadc lmd~}rmq ~bd~ drm gh~ `d~mredce{mn# gme~bmr eg zre~egj ghr eg qh}gn zd|mq# eg d ahgqeq~mg~ `dggmr' ^bm vc}rdc hl d gh}g# lhr egq~dgam# eq gh~ dczduq lhr`mn ou

dnnegj d oh}gn `hrvbm`m ‒q― ~h ~bm zhrn' Qh`m zhrnq drm gh~ abdgjmn d~ dcc zbmg `mdgegj ~bm vc}rdc' Zm }q}dccu qe`vcu }gnmrq~dgn zbeab adqm ~bm qvmdimr `mdg~ lrh` ~bm ahg~m~ hl ~bm ahg|mrqd~ehg' Hgm q}ab md`vcm eq ~bm zhrn ‒qbmmv―# nmqejgd~egj qegj}cdr dq zmcc dq vc}rdc qbmmv' ^bm {mrh `hrvbm`m ‒vc}rdc― zh}cn# eg ~beq adqm# nmqejgd~m ~bm doq~rda~ ahgamv~ hl ~bm vc}rdce~u' E~ ~bmg `mdgq ~bm vc}rdc qbmmv dq hvvhqmn ~h ~bm qegj}cdr qbmmv' 5'4'1 @H_VB#

@H_VBM@M# DGN DCCH@H_VB

Gh~m ~bd~ dgu cdgj}djm bdq d rmjeq~mr hl `hrvbm`mq# ~bm vbuqeadc rmdce{d~ehgq hl zbeab drm adccmn `hrvbq' Zbecm `hrvbm`mq rm`deg enmdc doq~rda~ }ge~q# ~bm ahrrmqvhgnegj `hrvbq `du qbhz qh`m |dred~ehg' Eg ~bm adqm hl ~bm vc}rdc `hrvbm`m# |dreh}q rmdce{d~ehgq drm vhqqeocm'  ^bmqm |dred~ehgq qh}gn dgn chhi nellmrmg~cu; ({( eg /nhjq# omnq/9 (q( eg /ad~q/9 (e{( eg /jdrdjmq/ Dcc ~brmm `hrvbq drm nellmrmg~ rmvrmqmg~d~ehgq hl ~bm qd`m `hrvbm`m hl  vc}rdce~u' Qm|mrdc `hrvbq ~bd~ omchgj ~h ~bm qd`m `hrvbm`m drm dcqh adccmn dcch`hrvbq; |dredg~q hl hgm `hrvbm`m' Eg `hrvbhchjeadc ~rdgqarev~ehg# `hrvbq drm ah``hgcu v}~ eg-om~zmmg ordamq' ^bm vc}rdc `hrvb eg /ad~q/ ~b}q omah`mq yad~p)yqp eg `hrvbhchjeadc ~rdgqarev~ehg' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q >>

5'? @hrvbhchju dgn zhrn-lhr`d~ehg

Zm bd|m dcrmdnu qmmg ~bd~ ~bm ~mr` zhrn eq bejbcu d`oej}h}q' Ghz zm ah`m ~h ahgqenmr e~ dgmz' Ah``hgcu# |dreh}q jrd``d~eadc lhr`q hl cegj}eq~ea }ge~q q}ab dq /qegj/# /qdgj/# /q}gj/ drm rmlmrrmn ~h dq |dreh}q zhrnq' Eg dcc ~brmm zhrnq hl h}r md`vcm# bhzm|mr# zm drm ahglrhg~mn ze~b |dreh}q lhr`q hl ~bm qd`m }ge~# gd`mcu /qegj/' Zm zecc }qm d `hrm qvmaelea ~mr` lhr ~bmqm /v}rm/ cegj}eq~ea }ge~q ~bdg zhrn' Zm ~b}q rmlmr ~h ~bm `hrm doq~rda~ }ge~q# rmjdrncmqq hl ~bmer rmvrmqmg~d~ehg dq vbhghchjeadc hr

hr~bhjrdvbea }ge~q eg |dreh}q eglcma~ehgdc lhr`q# gh~ dq zhrnq# o}~ cmm`mq9 eg cegj}eq~ea ~rdgqarev~ehg ~bmu drm neq~egj}eqbmn ou adve~dcq' Bmgam ~bm zhrn /a}~/ adg hllmr ~brmm lhr`q hl ~bm cmm`m A]^; vrmqmg~# vdq~ dgn vdr~eaevcm'  ^bm q}` hl ~bm cmm`mq hl d cdgj}djm eq adccmn ~bm cmeahg'  ^bm cmeahg hl d cdgj}djm eq gh~ lemn' Gmz mg~remq `du haa}r# hr hcn hgmq `ejb~ omah`m m~ega~' Gmz mg~remq drm adccmn gmhchjeq`q# el ~bmu drm armd~mn lrh` meq~egj rmqh}ramq hl ~bm cdgj}djm' Gmz mg~remq adg dcqh om ohrrhzmn lrh` h~bmr cdgj}djmq' Dq lhr ~bm vrhamqq eg ~bm lhr`mr adqm# zm drm docm ~h armd~m gmz zhrnq ou dvvcuegj ~bm `hrvbhchjeadc r}cmq hl h}r cdgj}djm' @hrvbhchjeadc r}cmq dvvcu ~h oh~b eglcma~ehg dgn zhrn lhr`d~ehg'

5'?'4 EGLCMA^EHG

 ^bmrm drm ~zh iegnq hl eglcma~ehg; ^bm nmacmgqehg hl gh}gq# dnkma~e|mq# dgn vrhgh}gq# dgn ~bm ahgk}jd~ehg hl |mroq'  ^bmrm eq d qm~ hl `hrvbhchjeadc r}cmq zbeab zm dvvcu eg hrnmr ~h lhr` ~bm ahrrma~ ~mgqmq hr adqmq' Zm ah`oegm lrmm `hrvbm`mq ze~b oh}gn `hrvbm`mq# ~bm cd~~mr `driegj ~mgqm# jmgnmr# g}`omr# adqm# dgn qh lhr~b' Oh}gn `hrvbm`mq ceim y~hp# zbeab dvvmdrq dq d `drimr hl ~bm eglege~e|m# drm dcqh }qmn eg hrnmr ~h lhr` ahrrma~ qmg~mgamq' ^bmqm `drimrq bmcv ~h armd~m qmg~mgamq ~bd~ drm ahrrma~ daahrnegj ~h ~bm qug~da~ea r}cmq hl d cdgj}djm' Zm qmm bmrm ~bd~ `hrvbhchju dgn qug~d adggh~ om rmjdrnmn dq mg~ermcu nellmrmg~ neqaevcegmq' 5'?'? ZH_N LH_@D^EHG 5'?'?'4 Nmre|d~ehg'

 ^bmrm drm `hrvbm`mq eg Mgjceqb ~bd~ dcchz }q ~h abdgjm zhrnq' ^bmqm drm nmre|d~ehgdc `hrvbm`mq; gmz zhrnq drm nmre|mn eg ~bm vrhamqq'

Nmre|d~ehgdc `hrvbm`mq drm dllemq' El dllemq drm dnnmn ~h ~bm lrhg~ hl d zhrn# zm qvmdi hl   vrmlemq ceim eg-# d-' El ~bmu drm d~~dabmn ~h ~bm mgn hl ~bm zhrn# ~bmu drm adccmn q}llemq# q}ab dq -docm# -eqb' Nmre|d~ehgdc `hrvbm`mq `du hr `du gh~ ad}qm d abdgjm hl ~bm jrd``d~eadc acdqq hl ~bm zhrn' Eg dgu m|mg~# ~bm lhcchzegj `hrvbhchjeadc r}cmq dvvcu ~h `hq~ adqmq ah|mr ~bm `deg abdgjmq orh}jb~ doh}~ ou dllemq' Zm qvmdi hl zhrn lhr`d~ehg dq ~bm  vrhn}a~e|m lmd~}rm hl d cdgj}djm' Ou abdgjegj hgm mcm`mg~# gmz acdqqmq hl zhrnq adg om vrhn}amn'

5'?'?'? Ah`vh}gnegj

Zm `du dcqh armd~m gmz zhrnq ou ah`oegegj ~zh lrmm `hrvbm`mq' ^bm vrhn}a~ hl q}ab d vrhamqq eq adccmn d ah`vh}gn' Zbecm Jmr`dg eq gh~hreh}q lhr ah`vh}gnegj d `}c~e~}nm hl  }ge~q "m'j'# Zmebgdab~qod}`qab`}ai|mr~remoqhrjdgeqd~ehgqbdgno}ab|mriî}lmr%# ah`vh}gnq eg Mgjceqb }q}dccu nhg―~ mammn ~zh }ge~q' Eg d ah`vh}gn# ~bm ~zh `hrvbm`mq dczduq qmr|m ~zh nellmrmg~ v}rvhqmq'  ^bm ege~edc `hrvbm`m eq dcqh adccmn ~bm bmdn hl ~bm ah`vh}gn# ~bm lhcchzegj eq ~bm ohnu ' ^bm bmdn hl ~bm ah`vh}gn dczduq nm~mr`egmq ~bm ohnu qm`dg~eadccu# m'j'# yocdaip)yoernp↟ d ocdai oern# zbmrmdq ~bm ohnu }q}dccu nm~mr`egmq ~bm jrd``d~eadc acdqq hl ~bm zbhcm ah`vh}gn'  ^bmrm drm |dreh}q vhqqeocm ah`oegd~ehgq hl Mgjceqb ah`vh}gnq;

5'?'?'1 H~bmr vrhamqqmq hl zhrn-lhr`d~ehg

Dvdr~ lrh` ~bm doh|m `mg~ehgmn `hrvbhchjeadc vrhamqqmq# ~bmrm drm dcqh h~bmr zduq hl armd~egj gmz zhrnq; Eg|mg~ehg; Rmrh# Mhg'  Darhgu`u ; GD^H# ]geaml' _mn}vcead~ehg; {ej{dj# abe~abd~' Ocmgnegj; q`hj# or}gab' Acevvegj; o}q# d}~h# lc}' 5'1 Zhrn acdqqmq dgn qmg~mgam l}ga~ehgq

 ^rdne~ehgdc jrd``drq hl~mg omjeg ze~b d acdqqelead~ehg hl zhrn acdqqmq'  ^bmrm drm ~bm lhcchzegj mejb~ acdqqmq "egac}negj ~uveadc md`vcmq%; Gh}gq "ah``}gead~hr# q~drqbev# adv~deg% Vrhgh}gq "E# uh}# bm# zbeab%  Dnkma~e|mq "ldq~# nmmv# `dgu% \mroq "qmm# rm~erm# cd}jb% Vrmvhqe~ehgq "hg# eg# d~% Ahgk}ga~ehgq "dgn# o}~# omad}qm%  Dn|mroq "`}ab# nmqmr|mncu# vdr~cu% Eg~mrkma~ehgq "dcdq# hb%  Dr~eacmq "~bm# d% G}`mrdcq "hgm# ~zh# ~brmm% Qh`m nellea}c~emq rm`deg# q}ab dq ze~b dn|mroq; hgm adggh~# lhr md`vcm# mabdgjm ~bm dn|mroq /|mru/ dgn /t}eaicu/ lrmmcu eg d qmg~mgam; +bm rdg |mru |mrq}q bm rdg t}eaicu  ^h d|hen ~beq vrhocm`# ~bm q}oad~mjhru hl ~bm eg~mgqelemrq eq }qmn ~h neq~egj}eqb dn|mroq q}ab dq ‒|mru―# lrh` ~bm ah``hg dn|mroq'  ^bm acdqqegj hl zhrnq je|mq }q h|mrdcc ad~mjhreadc eglhr`d~ehg doh}~ ~bhqm zhrnq' Gh~m ~bd~ zhrnq lrh` ~bm qd`m acdqq adg ~dim hg nellmrmg~ l}ga~ehgq nmvmgnegj }vhg ~bmer }qm eg d qmg~mgam' Gh}gq# lhr md`vcm# `du dvvmdr dq

q}okma~q hr hokma~q eg qmg~mgamq' ^beq dnne~ehgdc qvmaelead~ehg hl ~bm l}ga~ehg hl zhrnq ze~beg ~bm ahg~m~ hl d qmg~mgam# q}ab dq q}okma~# hokma~# m~a'# eq adccmn l}ga~ehgdc eglhr`d~ehg'

B m r m 46' Qug~d m bd|m q~}nemn ~bm vbhghchjeadc dgn `hrvbhchjeadc q~r}a~}rmq hl ~bm Mgjceqb cdgj}djm' O}~ ~h ighz d cdgj}djm dgn ~h qvmdi e~ ahrrma~cu dcqh eg|hc|mq omegj docm ~h dr~ea}cd~m ah`vcm~m qmg~mgamq' ^bm q~}nu hl ~bm qug~d hl d cdgj}djm eq ~bm q~}nu hl  e~q qmg~mgam q~r}a~}rm dq zmcc dq ~bm cegj}eq~ea ighzcmnjm gmamqqdru ~h lhr` qmg~mgamq' 46'4 Zbd~ eq d qmg~mgam8 D~ lerq~ qejb~# ~beq `du qmm` ceim d ~re|edc t}mq~ehg ~h uh}' El uh} ~dim eg~h ahgqenmrd~ehg ~bh}jb ~bd~ ~bmrm eq d ordgab hl cegj}eq~eaq ~bd~ bdq ommg nm|h~egj e~q mgmrju qhcmcu ~h ~bm dgdcuqeq hl qmg~mgamq# ~bm t}mq~ehg `du om zhr~bu hl qar}~egu' Cm~―q ~dim d chhi d~ qh`m nmlege~ehgq hl qmg~mgamq lerq~' ^bmg zm zecc jh eg~h `hnmcq hl jrd``drq eg nm~dec' 46'4'4 D_EQ^H^MCEDG NMLEGE^EHG Dreq~h~mcedg chjea acde`q ~bd~ d qmg~mgam eq dg }~~mrdgam ahgqeq~egj hl  q}okma~ dgn vrmnead~m'  ^bmqm ~mr`q bd|m ommg rmvbrdqmn ~bm`m dgn rbm`m ou ~bm ah``}gead~ehgdc qaemgamq' Bmrm# ~bm`m `mdgq ~bm vdr~ hl ~bm qmg~mgam ~bd~ eq dcrmdnu ighzg dgn ~bd~ eq ~h om qvmaelemn' _bm`m ~bmg `mdgq ~bm qvmaeluegj vdr~# ~bm gmz eglhr`d~ehg rm|mdcmn hg ~bm ~bm`m' Bhzm|mr# q}okma~vrmnead~m dgn ~bm`m-rbm`m nh gh~ dczduq ahrrmqvhgn' Ahgqenmr ~bm qmg~mgam /E zmg~ ~h Chgnhg ou ~rdeg cdq~ zmmimgn'/ El ~beq qmg~mgam dgqzmrq ~bm t}mq~ehg /Zbmrm nen uh} jh ou

~rdeg8/# *Chgnhg* eq ~bm rbm`m' O}~# el e~ dgqzmrq ~bm t}mq~ehg /Bhz nen uh} jh ~h Chgnhg cdq~ zmmimgn8/# *ou ~rdeg* eq ~bm gmz eglhr`d~ehg dgn# ~bmrmlhrm# ~bm rbm`m' 46'4'? CHJEADC NMLEGE^EHG D chjeadc nmlege~ehg acde`q ~bd~ d qmg~mgam eq ~bm mvrmqqehg hl hgm qegjcm# ah`vcm~m ~bh}jb~' Bhzm|mr# ah`vcm qmg~mgamq `du ahgqeq~ hl qm|mrdc ~bh}jb~q zbeab drm eg~mrzh|mg' ^b}q# ~beq nmlege~ehg nhmq gh~ dvvcu ~h dcc qmg~mgamq' Hgm md`vcm hl d ah`vcm ~bh}jb~ q~r}a~}rm drm q}ohrnegd~m qmg~mgamq' 46'4'1 Q^_]A^]_DCEQ^ NMLEGE^EHG "OCHH@LEMCN% Lhcchzegj ~bm D`mreadg q~r}a~}rdceq~ Ochh`lemcn# d qmg~mgam eq /dg egnmvmgnmg~ cegj}eq~ea lhr`# gh~ egac}nmn ou |er~}m hl dgu jrd``d~eadc ahgq~r}a~ehg eg dgu cdrjmr cegj}eq~ea lhr`'/ D qmg~mgam eq egnmvmgnmg~ hl dgu h~bmr cegj}eq~ea lhr` omad}qm e~ adg q~dgn dchgm# h~bmr ~bdg d qegjcm cmm`m# zbeab rmvrmqmg~q gh egnmvmgnmg~ qug~da~ea }ge~' Daahrnegj ~h ~beq nmlege~ehg# q}ohrnegd~m acd}qmq drm gh~ qmg~mgamq hl ~bmer hzg omad}qm ~bm nmvmgn hg ~bm `deg acd}qm' Eg ~bm lhcchzegj# zm zecc qmm bhz q~r}a~}rdceq~ dgdcuqeq nmdcq ze~b qmg~mgam q~r}a~}rm zbmrm q}ohrnegd~m acd}qmq dvvmdr' 46'? J_D@@D^EADCE^U DGN DAAMV^DOECE^U Qmg~mgamq adg dcqh om ad~mjhre{mn }gnmr ~bm dqvma~q hl  jrd``d~eadce~u dgn daamv~doece~u' Qmg~mgamq hl d cdgj}djm adg om jrd``d~eadccu ahrrma~ hr gh~' Eg ~bm cd~~mr adqm# zm adcc ~bm` }gjrd``d~eadc qmg~mgamq' ^beq ~mr` `du qh}gn ahg~rdnea~hru# qegam d qmg~mgam eq# vmr nmlege~ehg# jrd``d~eadccu ahrrma~ dgn ah`vcm~m' Qmg~mgamq adg# gm|mr~bmcmqq# cdai ahrrma~ jrd``d~eadce~u# m'j';

+Q}qdg v}~ ~bm igelm' ]gjrd``d~eadc qmg~mgamq dvvmdr eg m|mrundu cdgj}djm' Zbmg uh} hoqmr|m uh}r hzg cdgj}djm# uh} qbh}cn legn vcmg~u hl ~bm`' Z CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q >2 Dcqh# qmg~mgamq `du om jrd``d~eadccu ahrrma~# o}~ q~ecc `dim gh qmgqm d~ dcc' Eg ~beq adqm# ~bmu cdai daamv~doece~u' Md`vcmq lrh` Mgjceqb dgn Jmr`dg drm; Ahchrcmqq jrmmg enmdq qcmmv l}reh}qcu' Gdab~q eq~ mq idc~mr dcq nrd}qmg' Daamv~doece~u bmgam `mdgq ~bd~ ~bm `mdgegj ahg~mg~ hl ~bm qmg~mgam `}q~ om acmdr# }gnmrq~dgndocm hr daamv~docm ~h ~bm rmdnmr' 46'1 Qmg~mgam ~uvmq  ^bmrm drm |dreh}q ~uvmq hl qmg~mgamq' ' Qe`vcm qmg~mgamq ahgqeq~ hl hgm acd}qm hgcu' ^bmqm acd}qmq ahg~deg hgcu hgm |mro; /@dru zmg~ ~h ~hzg'/ ' Ahhrnegd~m qmg~mgamq "dcqh; ah`vh}gn qmg~mgamq% ahgqeq~ hl ~zh hr `hrm acd}qmq khegmn ou zhrnq ceim /dgn/# /hr/# /o}~/# m~a' ^bmqm zhrnq drm adccmn ahgk}ga~ehgq' ^bm acd}qmq eg ahhrnegd~m qmg~mgamq bhcn mt}dc q~d~}q# e'm' ~bmu ah}cn mdab q~dgn dchgm dq qe`vcm qmg~mgamq; /^bm adv~deg jd|m dg hrnmr o}~ ~bm armz bmqe~d~mn ~h ahgler`'/ ' Ah`vcm qmg~mgamq ahgqeq~ hl ~zh hr `hrm acd}qmq' Bmrm# hgm acd}qm qmr|mq dq ~bm jrd``d~eadc vdr~ hl dgh~bmr' Zm adcc ~bmqm m`omnnmn acd}qmq' M`omnnmn acd}qmq nh gh~ bd|m d q~d~}q mt}dc ~h d qe`vcm qmg~mgam' Eg h~bmr zhrnq# ~bmu adggh~ q~dgn dchgm dgn nmvmgn hg ~bm qmg~mgamq zbeab ahg~deg ~bm`' /Vm~mr qden Kdgm omad`m ecc umq~mrndu'/ @hq~ ~e`mq m`omnnmn acd}qmq drm eg~rhn}amn ou qvmaedc zhrnq q}ab dq /zbm~bmr/# /~bd~/#

/el/# m~a' ^bmqm drm adccmn q}ohrnegd~hrq; /Vm~mr qden ~bd~ Kdgm omad`m ecc umq~mrndu'/ Ah`vcm qmg~mgamq `du dcqh nellmr eg lhr` lrh` qe`vcm qmg~mgamq omad}qm ~bm zhrn hrnmr hr jrd``d~eadc lhr` hl zhrnq eq dc~mrmn; /^bm adv~deg qden ~bm q~drqbev ~hhi }v qvmmn e``mned~mcu'/# o}~ /^bm adv~deg zdg~mn ~bm q~drqbev ~h ~dim }v qvmmn e``mned~mcu'/ 46'> Qmg~mgam q~r}a~}rm Zbd~ drm ~bm ahgq~e~}mg~q hl d qmg~mgam8 Zm bd|m qmmg ~bd~ `hrvbm`mq drm vdaimn ~hjm~bmr ~h lhr` q~regjq hl `hrvbm`mq' ^bmqm drm adccmn qmg~mgamq' Gm|mr~bmcmqq# gh~ m|mru qegjcm `hrvbm`m eg d qmg~mgam `du bd|m egnmvmgnmg~ q~d~}q' Qm|mrdc `hrvbm`mq `du omchgj ~hjm~bmr `hrm achqmcu ~bdg h~bmrq nh' Omdregj ~beq eg `egn# zm `}q~ chhi lhr }ge~q cdrjmr ~bdg ~bm `hrvbm`m el zm zdg~ ~h ighz zbd~ da~}dccu `dimq }v d qmg~mgam' ^beq neqah|mru vrhamn}rm eq djdeg adccmn neq~reo}~ehgdc dgdcuqeq' ^bm `m~bhn hl neq~reo}~ehgdc dgdcuqeq eq adccmn qmj`mg~d~ehg' Ahgqenmr ~bm lhcchzegj md`vcm; /Djjrmqqe|m _h`}cdgq rmcmg~cmqqcu d~~dai }gj}drnmn q~drqbevq'/ Zm zecc ghz dgdcu{m ~bm qmg~mgam lhr e~q ahgq~e~}mg~q' 46'>'4 QMJ@MG^D^EHG 46'>'4'4 _mn}a~ehg ou h`eqqehg CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q >5 Zbeab hl ~bm mcm`mg~q `du om h`e~~mn ze~bh}~ nd`djegj ~bm mqqmg~edc q~r}a~}rm hl ~bm qmg~mgam8

D chqq hl ~bm hrejegdc `mdgegj `du haa}r eg ~beq rmn}a~ehg vrhamqq ~bd~ eq ahgamrgmn hgcu ze~b

~bm jrd``d~eadce~u hl ~bm qmg~mgam' 46'>'4'? _mn}a~ehg ou q}oq~e~}~ehg Zbeab hl ~bm mcm`mg~q `du om q}oq~e~}~mn ou qbhr~mr hgmq8 Djdeg# d abdgjm hl ~bm `mdgegj ahg~mg~ `du om vhqqeocm'

46'= E``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q

Zm bd|m ghz dgdcu{mn ~bm qmg~mgam dgn cmdrgmn ~bd~ e~ adg om qmj`mg~mn eg~h qm|mrdc cm|mcq hl ahgq~e~}mg~q' ^bm orhdnmq~ ad~mjhru hl d ahgq~e~}mg~ eq ~bm hgm ~bd~ eq neqamrgmn *e``mned~mcu*# d~ ~bm omjeggegj hl ~bm dgdcuqeq9 lhr ~beq rmdqhg ~beq ~uvm hl ahgq~e~}mg~ eq adccmn ~bm e``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~ # qbhr~ *EA*' Cm~*q bd|m d chhi d~ ~bm qmg~mgam; /Vhhr Khbg rdg dzdu'/ H}r lerq~ q~mv eg dgdcu{egj ~bm qmg~mgam zh}cn om ~h neq~egj}eqb /vhhr  Khbg/ dgn /rdg dzdu/9 ~bmrmlhrm ~bmqm ~zh mcm`mg~q drm ~bm e``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q hl ~bm qmg~mgam' El zm zmrm ~h vrhammn ze~b h}r dgdcuqeq# zm ah}cn neqamrg ~bm e``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q hl /vhhr Khbg/# zbeab

drm /vhhr/ dgn /Khbg/' ^bm e``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q hl /rdg dzdu/ zh}cn om /rdg/ dgn /dzdu'/ CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q =6

46'='4 GH]G VB_DQM DGN \M_O VB_DQM

E``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q hl d qe`vcm qmg~mgam drm ~b}q ~bm Gh}g-vbrdqm "/vhhr Khbg/% dgn ~bm \mro-vbrdqm "/rdg dzdu/%  ^bmqm e``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q adg ~bmg# dq `mg~ehgmn doh|m# om dgdcu{mn lhr ~bmer hzg rmqvma~e|m ahgq~e~}mg~q' Dq zm zecc qmm omchz# ~bm q~r}a~}rmq hl ~bmqm gh}g- dgn |mro-vbrdqmq adg om |mru ah`vcm' ^bm nm~mr`egd~ehg hl ~bm e``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q hl dcc cm|mcq hl d qmg~mgam eq adccmn EA-dgdcuqeq' 46'='? @HNMQ HL _MV_MQMG^D^EHG

 ^bm rmq}c~q hl neq~reo}~ehgdc dgdcuqeq adg om vrmqmg~mn eg |dreh}q lhr`q'  ^bmqm rmvrmqmg~d~ehgq ~bmg qmr|m dq ~hhcq lhr ~bm neqd`oej}d~ehg hl qmg~mgamq' Lhr md`vcm# eg ~bm qmg~mgam /Hcn `mg dgn zh`mg ndgam'/# ~bm dnkma~e|m `du om }gnmrq~hhn ~h rmlmr ~h oh~b /`mg/ dgn /zh`mg/# hr /`mg/ hgcu' ^bm darhgu`q eg ~bm md`vcmq `mdg; GV 0 gh}g-vbrdqm# \V 0 |mro-vbrdqm# G 0 gh}g# D 0 dnkma~e|m# \ 0 |mro# Dn| 0 Dn|mro' 46'='?'4 Cdomcmn ordaim~egj

Ordaim~egj eq hgm zdu hl rmvrmqmg~egj ~bm rmq}c~q hl neq~reo}~ehgdc dgdcuqeq' Nellmrmg~ ordaim~ ~uvmq drm bmrm rmqmr|mn lhr vdr~ea}cdr q~r}a~}rm cm|mcq hl d qmg~mgam' Ordamq yp# lhr md`vcm# ahg~deg zbhcm qmg~mgamq' ^h rm`egn hl e~q l}ga~ehg# ~bm ordam eq dnne~ehgdccu cdomcmn dl~mr ~bm hvmgegj ze~b dg /q/' Vdrmg~bmqmq "% egnead~m gh}g- hr |mro-vbrdqmq# dgn ordaim~q YP egnead~m gh}gq# |mroq# dnkma~e|mq# hr dn|mroq' yQ"GVYDvhhrP)YG KhbgP%)"\VY\rdgP)YDn|dzduP%p  ^beq `m~bhn hl rmvrmqmg~d~ehg eq djrmmdocm eg ~bd~ e~ dnbmrmq ~h ~bm

da~}dc qmg~mgam lhr`d~' E~ bdq ~bm nrdzodai# bhzm|mr# ~bd~ e~ eq rd~bmr cdohreh}q ~h vrmqmg~ dgn ~h jrdqv |eq}dccu' M|mg eg h}r qbhr~ md`vcm# ~bm mcm`mg~q drm bdrn ~h neq~egj}eqb' 46'='?'? Ochai nedjrd`

Eg ~beq zdu hl rmvrmqmg~egj ~bm ahgq~e~}mg~q# ~bm orhdnmq~ q~r}a~}rm dvvmdrq d~ ~bm oh~~h` hl ~bm nedjrd`# ze~b mdab rhz l}r~bmr }v qbhzegj d `hrm qmj`mg~mn cm|mc' Mdab rhz ~b}q qbhzq ~bm e``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q hl e~q chzmr rhz'

46'='?'1 ^rmm nedjrd`q

 ^rmm nedjrd`q bd|m vrh|mg ~h om ~bm `hq~ ahg|mgemg~ zdu hl  rmvrmqmg~egj dg EA-dgdcuqeq' Eg ~bm nedjrd`# qh-adccmn ghnmq# zbmrm ~bm GV# \V# m~a' drm qe~}d~mn# drm ahggma~mn ou cegiq# zbeab qmr|m lhr ahggma~ehg qe`ecdr ~h ~bm ordgabmq hl d ~rmm' D~ ~bm ~hv hl  ~bm nedjrd`# ~bm /q/ rmvrmqmg~q ~bm qmg~mgam' ^bm e``mned~m ahgq~e~}mg~q hl ~bm qmg~mgam drm ~bm GV dgn \V'

P 46'='1 VB_DQM Q^_]A^]_M J_D@@D_ Dgh~bmr ~uvm hl dgdcuqeq hl qmg~mgamq# vbrdqm-q~r}a~}rm dgdcuqeq# de`q ~h qhr~ h}~ ~bm rmzre~m r}cmq hr vbrdqm-q~r}a~}rm r}cmq "VQ-r}cmq% hl d qmg~mgam' D qmg~mgam eq bmrm dgdcu{mn lhr e~q ahgq~e~}mg~q# hr vbrdqm-q~r}a~}rm' Lrh` ~bmrm hg# dc~mrgd~e|mq drm qh}jb~

~bd~ drm advdocm hl  q}oq~e~}~egj ~bmqm vbrdqm-q~r}a~}rmq# bmgam *rmzre~m r}cmq*'

Dq uh} adg qmm# ~bm quq~m` dcchzq lhr dc~mrgd~e|mq# ze~b hgm mcm`mg~ bd|egj ~bm vhqqeoece~u hl  omegj rmvbrdqmn eg |dreh}q zduq' ^bmqm dc~mrgd~e|mq drm n}m# eg vdr~# ~h ~bm q~r}a~}rm hl ~bm ~rdgqe~e|m dgn eg~rdgqe~e|m |mroq' ^rdgqe~e|m |mroq ~dim d nerma~ hokma~'  ^b}q# ~rdgqe~e|m |mroq dczduq dvvmdr ze~b ~zh gh}g-vbrdqmq' ^bmqm drm adccmn ~bm drj}`mg~q hl  ~bm |mro; /^bm nhj lrejb~mgmn ~bm `dg'/ Eg~rdgqe~e|m |mroq nh gh~ ~dim hokma~q; /^bm nhj odrimn'/ Qh`m |mroq adg om }qmn ~rdgqe~e|mcu dgn eg~rdgqe~e|mcu; /Jmhrjm zhg'/ /Jmhrjm zhg ~bm rdam'/  ^bm |dredoece~u hl rmzre~egj eq ~b}q e`vhr~dg~ lhr ~bm armd~e|e~u hl d cdgj}djm' 46'='> _MA]_QE\E^U _]CMQ

_ma}rqe|e~u eq d vrhvmr~u dcc cdgj}djmq qbdrm' Zm adg dczduq dnn dgh~bmr qmg~mgam ~h d qmg~mgam ~h jm~ dg m|mg chgjmr qmg~mgam' Dcqh# zm ah}cn m~mgn vbrdqmq eglege~mcu' Eg ~bm rmzre~m

CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q =?

r}cmq je|mg doh|m# uh} legn ~bm rma}rqe|e~u r}cm \V ↟ \ ) Q' Zbu eq ~beq rma}rqe|m8 Zmcc# d qmg~mgam ahgqeq~q hl d GV dgn d \V' El ~bm \V djdeg ahg~degq d qmg~mgam# q}ab dq d q}ohrnegd~m acd}qm# dgh~bmr \V `}q~ dvvmdr ze~beg ~bd~ q}ohrnegd~m acd}qm; \V ↟ \ ) Q9 Q ↟ GV ) \V9 \V ↟\ ) Q9 Q ↟ GV ) \V9 m~a' H~bmr rma}rqe|e~u r}cmq drm; GV ↟ GV ) GV \V ↟ \V ) \V 46'='= V_HOCM@Q ZE^B EA-DGDCUQEQ

Eg qh`m adqmq# ~bmrm rm`deg d`oej}e~emq ze~b EA-dgdcuqeq# dq eg; /Zhrcn Zdr E zdq q~dr~mn ou D}q~red'/ dgn /Zhrcn Zdr E zdq q~dr~mn ou 454>'/  ^bmrm drm ~zh nellmrmg~ `mdgegjq ombegn ~bmqm qmg~mgamq# o}~ dg EADgdcuqeq hl oh~b qmg~mgamq zecc uemcn ~bm qd`m q~r}a~}rm' ^b}q# zm drm lhramn ~h rmcu hg h}r /lmmcegj/ hr /cegj}eq~ea ighzcmnjm/ el q}ab qmg~mgamq haa}r' L}r~bmr`hrm# ~bmrm drm neqahg~eg}h}q ahgq~e~}mg~q# dq eg; /Dc ~}rgmn ~bm cejb~ hll'/ Bmrm# ahgq~e~}mg~q dvvmdr qmvdrd~mn lrh` mdab h~bmr# dc~bh}jb ~bmu nh omchgj ~hjm~bmr' ]glhr~}gd~mcu# ~beq eq nellea}c~ ~h qbhz ze~b ~bm EA-dgdcuqeq' Ho|eh}qcu# ~bmrm qmm`q ~h om d cm|mc omuhgn ~bm da~}dc qmg~mgam hg zbeab q}ab q~r}a~}rmq dvvmdr `hrm acmdrcu' Zm zecc eg|mq~ejd~m ~beq eg ~bm abdv~mr hg ~rdgqlhr`d~ehgdc jmgmrd~e|m jrd``dr '

46'< ^rdgqlhr`d~ehgdc jmgmrd~e|m jrd``dr "^JJ%

 ^bm D`mreadg cegj}eq~ Ghd` Abh`qiu rm|hc}~ehge{mn ~bm ~bmhru hl qug~d ou lhr`}cd~egj ~beq ah`vcm~mcu gmz dvvrhdab' Abh`qiu nmlegmn d cdgj}djm dq dg

eglege~m qm~ hl jrd``d~eadc qmg~mgamq' Daahrnegj ~h be`# d jrd``dr eq d lege~m qm~ hl r}cmq jmgmrd~egj ~bm jrd``d~eadc

qmg~mgamq' ^bm jrd``dr `}q~ om mvceae~ dgn vrhkma~e|m' E~ nmqareomq ~bm ah`vm~mgam hl dg enmdc gd~e|m qvmdimr dgn ejghrmq  vmrlhr`dgam# ~bm da~}dc }~~mrdgamq'  ^beq cdq~ vheg~# eg vdr~ea}cdr# ad}qmn are~eaeq`; /Abh`qiudgq/ ~mgn ~h daighzcmnjm hgcu ~bhqm md`vcmq hl d cdgj}djm ~bd~ le~ eg~h ~bmer ^JJ# neqrmjdrnegj m|mrundu cdgj}djm' ^beq /enmdceq`/ ~b}q gmjcma~q `dgu ghg-jrd``d~eadc vbmgh`mgd hl ~bm cdgj}djm' 46'<'4 ^BM AH@VHGMG^Q HL ^JJ

Vbrdqm q~r}a~}rm r}cmq' Uh} dcrmdnu ighz ~bm`' ^bmu `dim }v ~bm

lrd`mzhri lhr ~bm }gnmrcuegj# odqea q~r}a~}rm hl d cdgj}djm' Abh`qiu cdomcq ~bm vbrdqm q~r}a~}rm r}cmq ~bm odqm ah`vhgmg~ hl ~bm jrd``dr' Nmmv q~r}a~}rm "dcqh; }gnmrcuegj q~r}a~}rm%' ^beq ah`vhgmg~ eq jmgmrd~mn ou ~bm vbrdqm q~r}a~}rm r}cmq' ^bm nmmv q~r}a~}rm eq zbd~ cemq /ombegn/ ~bm da~}dc qmg~mgam' ^zh qmg~mgamq zbeab `mdg ~bm qd`m `du bd|m ~bm qd`m nmmv q~r}a~}rm# o}~ ~zh qmg~mgamq zbeab `mdg qh`m~begj ah`vcm~mcu nellmrmg~ `du dcqh qbhz ~bm qd`m nmmv q~r}a~}rm' N}m ~h ~beq q~rmqq hg `mdgegj# ~bm nmmv q~r}a~}rm `dimq }v ~bm qm`dg~ea ah`vhgmg~ hl ~bm `hnmc' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q =1

^rdgqlhr`d~ehgdc r}cmq' ^bmqm qmr|m ~h ~rdgqlhr` ~bm /rdz/

ahgq~r}a~ehg hl ~bm nmmv q~r}a~}rm eg~h ~bm q}rldam q~r}a~}rm' Hgm ~rdgqlhr`d~ehgdc r}cm eq; El uh} zdg~ ~h ahgq~r}a~ d t}mq~ehg eg Mgjceqb# uh} bd|m ~h me~bmr abdgjm ~bm zhrn hrnmr# hr dnn dg d}ecedru |mro' Md`vcmq;

E adg bmcv' ↟ T}mq~ehg; Adg E bmcv8 E jh ~h ~hzg' ↟ T}mq~ehg; Nh E jh ~h ~hzg8 Dgh~bmr ~rdgqlhr`d~ehgdc r}cm dvvcemq ~h lhr`egj ~bm e`vmrd~e|m; Cmd|m dzdu ~bm q}okma~' Md`vcm; Uh} jh ~h ~hzg' ↟ E`vmrd~e|m; Jh ~h ~hzg$  ^bm rmq}c~ hl ~bm ~rdgqlhr`d~ehg eq adccmn ~bm q}rldam q~r}a~}rm hl ~bm qmg~mgam' Gm|mr~bmcmqq# ~beq eq q~ecc gh~ ~bm da~}dc }~~mrdgam' _m`m`omr ~bd~ ^JJ nhmq gh~ nmdc ze~b ~bm vmrlhr`dgam hl qvmdimrq' ^b}q# ~bm q}rldam q~r}a~}rm eq zbd~ eq eg h}r `egnq k}q~ omlhrm zm qdu e~' ^bm md`vcmq doh|m qbhz ~zh qd`vcmq hl q}rldam q~r}a~}rm'  ^bm q}rldam q~r}a~}rm eq ~bmg mvrmqqmn# e'm' vrhgh}gamn# daahrnegj ~h ~bm vbhghchjeadc r}cmq hl ~bd~ cdgj}djm' 46'<'? Q]@@D_U HL ^JJ

 ^bm lhcchzegj nedjrd` je|mq dg h|mr|emz hl ~bm ~rdgqlhr`d~ehgdc vrhamqqmq; VB_DQM-Q^_]A^]_M _]CMQ ↑

Nmmv Q~r}a~}rm ↑

 ^_DGQLH_@D^EHGDC _]CMQ ↑

Q}rldam Q~r}a~}rm ↑

VBHGHCHJEADC _]CMQ ↑

Qvhimg Qmg~mgam Eg ~beq `hnmc# qmg~mgamq drm jmgmrd~mn ou ~rdgqlhr`d~ehgq' Bmgam ~bm gd`m ^JJ' 46'<'1 ^_DGQLH_@D^EHGDC

_]CMQ

 ^JJ eq d |mru ah`vcm q}okma~ `d~~mr' Cm~―q ~dim d chhi d~ ~bm odqea ~rdgqlhr`d~ehg r}cmq; Nmcm~ehg' D qe`vcm nmcm~ehg r}cm nmcm~mq /~bd~/ zbmg e~ vrmamnmq d GV d~ ~bm omjeggegj hl d

/~bd~-acd}qm/ Md`vcm; E omcem|m ~bd~ bm zmg~ ~h ~hzg' ↟ E omcem|m bm zmg~ ~h ~hzg' @h|m`mg~' Vrmvhqe~ehgq ~bd~ /omchgj/ ~h |mroq drm `h|mn ~h ~bm mgn hl qmg~mgamq eg amr~deg adqmq' Md`vcm; ^bmu adccmn }v ~bm vhceam' ↟ ^bmu adccmn ~bm vhceam }v' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q =>

Dnne~ehg' Eg gmjd~e|m qmg~mgamq# /nh/ eq dnnmn' ^bm mcm`mg~ /gh~/ nhmq gh~ haa}r hg e~q hzg' Zm qdu ^bmu nh gh~ ceim zhriqbmm~q' o}~ gh~ +^bmu gh~ ceim zhriqbmm~q'

44' Qm`eh~eaq Zbd~ eq qm`eh~eaq8 Gmzah`mrq eg ~bm lemcn hl cdgj}djmq hl~mg zhgnmr zbd~ lemcn ~beq neqaevcegm nmdcq ze~b' Zmcc# zm bd|m dg dgqzmr d~ bdgn ~bd~ qh}gnq oh~b qe`vcm dgn v}{{cegj; Qm`eh~eaq eq ~bm qaemgam hl qejgq' Dgn qh uh} `ejb~ dqi *O}~ zbd~ eq d qejg*8 Zbmg vmhvcm ~dci doh}~ h~bmrq /`diegj/ hr /je|egj qejgq/# ~bmu }q}dccu rmlmr ~h jmq~}rmq' ^bmg ~bmrm drm /qejgq/ zbeab bmcv ~h j}enm dgn rmj}cd~m ~rdllea' Zbmrm|mr zm jh /qejgq/ dvvmdr# q}ab dq zhrnq# ohhiq# drabe~ma~}rm# qejgq eg vmhvcm*q ombd|ehr# m~a' ^bmrm drm m|mg m|mg~q ~bd~ drm rmjdrnmn dq /qejgq/' Dq uh} adg qmm lrh` ~beq oreml q}r|mu# ~bm ~mr` /qejg/ eq }qmn t}e~m adq}dccu' Hl ah}rqm# qm`eh~eaq eq gh~ ~bm qaemgam hl bhz ~h vmrlhr` jmq~}rmq# hr hl hrnegdgamq hr `}geaevdc rmj}cd~ehgq lhr ~rdllea qejgq' Eg ~mr`q hl qm`eh~eaq# qejgq dczduq qmr|m d ah``}gead~e|m v}rvhqm' L}r~bmr`hrm# qejgq drm dczduq vdr~ hl d quq~m` hl qejgq' ^bm quq~m` hl b}`dg jmq~}rmq hr ~bm quq~m` hl ~rdllea qejgq dgn ~bmer `mdgegj ah}cn ~b}q egnmmn om q}okma~ ~h

qm`eh~ea egt}eru' Jmgmrdccu# qejgq ahgqeq~ hl d qejg |mbeacm dgn qh`m `mdgegj ahggma~mn ze~b e~' Qh jmq~}rmq hr ~rdllea qejgq drm eg~mrmq~egj omad}qm hl ~bmer `mdgegj ahg~mg~' Zm qbdcc qmm cd~mr hg zbd~ ~beq `mdgq eg nm~dec' Qm`eh~eaq eg|mq~ejd~mq d zenm rdgjm hl lemcnq# q~dr~egj lrh` {hhqm`eh~eaq dgn a}c~}rdc qm`eh~eaq }v ~h dmq~bm~eaq dgn ah`v}~mr qm`eh~eaq# ~h gd`m hgcu d lmz' Qm`eh~ea ~bmhru adg# eg lda~# om dvvcemn ~h dc`hq~ dgu lemcn qegam `hq~ vrhamqqmq eg gd~}rm dgn a}c~}rm rmcu hg ah``}gead~ehg# dgn ze~b ~bd~# rmcu hg qejgq ~bd~ qmr|m ~bd~ ah``}gead~e|m v}rvhqm' Eg ~beq abdv~mr zm zecc ahgamg~rd~m hg ~bm cegj}eq~ea qejg dgn qm`eh~ea `hnmcq hl ~bm qejg' Dgn hl ~bhqm ~bmrm drm t}e~m d lmz' ^bmu nellmr `degcu eg hgm abdrda~mreq~ea; @hq~ `hnmcq hl ~bm qejg drm me~bmr nudnea hr ~rednea `hnmcq' ^beq `mdgq ~bd~ ~bmu qbhz me~bmr ~zh hr ~brmm qenmq# hr dveamq' ^bm `hq~ vrh`egmg~ md`vcm lhr ~bm nudnea# hr ~zh-qenmn qejg # eq ~bm hgm nm|mchvmn ou Lmrnegdgn nm Qd}qq}rm' ^bm ~brmm-qenmn# hr ~rednea `hnmc hl ~bm qejg # zdq armd~mn ou Abdrcmq Qdgnmrq Vmeram dgn eglc}mgamn qm`eh~ea ~bmhreq~q hl ~bm ?6~b amg~}ru `hrm qh ~bdg dgu h~bmr `hnmc' 44'4 Qd}qq}rm

Lmrnegdgn nm Qd}qq}rm "42=:-4541%# ~bm lh}gnmr hl `hnmrg qm`eh~eaq# nmqejgmn d nudnea hr oecd~mrdc qejg `hnmc' Daahrnegj ~h be`# ~bm qejg eq ~zh-qenmn' ]glhr~}gd~mcu Qd}qq}rm nen gh~ ce|m ~h qmm beq ~bmhru qvrmdn' Beq egqejb~q rmame|mn ~bmer n}m rmahjge~ehg vhq~b}`h}qcu# zbmg beq q~}nmg~q v}oceqbmn beq ~bmhremq ~bd~ ~bmu bdn zre~~mg nhzg eg ~bmer qarev~q' C}aiecu# qm|mrdc |mrqehgq hl ~bmqm qarev~q meq~' ^beq mgdocmn ~bm v}oceqbmrq ~h je|m d |mru

nm~decmn q}r|mu hl  Qd}qq}rm*q ~bmhremq' 44'4'4 ^BM ^ZH-QENMN QEJG

Qd}qq}rm*q enmd hl ~bm qejg eq odqmn }vhg d gh~ehg hl  n}dce~u ' ^bm zhrn /n}dc/ e`vcemq ~bm g}`omr hl ~zh' Bmgam# Qd}qq}rm*q qejg qbhzq ~zh qenmq' Eg hrnmr ~h }gnmrq~dgn ~bm `hrm ah`vcm ahgq~r}a~ hl Qd}qq}rm*q# ahgqenmr d ~re|edc md`vcm; Zbmg uh} chhi d~ d ~begj# m'j'# d ~rmm# uh} egq~dg~cu ighz ~bm zhrn ~bd~ nmqejgd~mq ~bm ~begj' Zhrnq dgn ~begjq drm ahggma~mn eg h}r `egnq' ^bm qd`m jhmq lhr zhrnq uh} bmdr ze~bh}~ qmmegj ~bm rmqvma~e|m ~begjq' Qh zbmg qh`mohnu ~mccq uh}; /^bmrm*q d ~rmm eg `u ld~bmr*q jdrnmg/# uh} ighz zbd~ /~rmm/ `mdgq eg ~beq ahg~m~# m|mg ze~bh}~ m|mr bd|egj qmmg ~bd~ ~rmm'

Z CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q =<

 ^beq mvcdgd~ehg# bhzm|mr# nhmq gh~ mg~ermcu `mm~ Qd}qq}rm*q ~mr`eghchju' Lrh` beq vheg~ hl  |emz# cdgj}djm eq dg mg~ermcu vquabhchjeadc mg~e~u' ^bmrmlhrm# /~begjq/ eg ~bm rmdc zhrcn nh gh~ vcdu dgu rhcm eg ~bm `hnmc' Qd}qq}rm qh ~h qvmdi lha}qmq hg zbd~ jhmq hg eg h}r bmdnq' Qh# gme~bmr ~bm vbuqeadc dqvma~q hl ~begjq ghr ~bhqm hl qh}gnq drm ahgqenmrmn' ^bm ~zh dqvma~q hl  ~bm cegj}eq~ea qejg Qd}qq}rm enmg~elemn drm ~bmrmlhrm `mg~dc dqvma~q; ~bm enmdq hr ahgamv~q hl  ~begjq dgn ~bm `mg~dc e`djmq hl qh}gnq# oh~b hl zbeab drm q~hrmn eg h}r `m`hru' 44'4' ? AHGAMV^ DGN QH]GN E@DJM

Ahgamv~ dgn qh}gn e`djm# Qd}qq}rm ahg~mgnmn# adggh~ om qmvdrd~mn' Bm

ah`vdrmn ~bm` ze~b ~bm ~zh qenmq hl d vemam hl vdvmr; K}q~ dq hgm adggh~ a}~ ~bm lrhg~ qenm hl  d vemam hl vdvmr ze~bh}~ a}~~egj ~bm odai qenm dq zmcc# h}r `egn eq q~r}a~}rmn q}ab ~bd~ ~bm ahgamv~ d}~h`d~eadccu m|himq ~bm qh}gn e`djm dgn# |eam |mrqd# ~bd~ ~bm qh}gn e`djm d}~h`d~eadccu m|himq ~bm ahgamv~' ^bmrmlhrm# ahgamv~ dgn qh}gn e`djm omchgj ~hjm~bmr dgn lhr` d }ge~u'  ^bm lhcchzegj lej}rmq ecc}q~rd~m ~bm enmd hl ~bm ~zh-qenmn qejg; ^bm lej}rm hg ~bm cml~ qbhzq ~bm rmcd~ehgqbev om~zmmg ~bm ~mr`q ahgamv~ dgn e`djm dah}q~et}m' ^bmqm ~zh qenmq hl ~bm qejg drm orh}jb~ ~hjm~bmr ou dg mccevqm mgah`vdqqegj ~bm`' ^bm lej}rm hg ~bm rejb~ nm`hgq~rd~mq ~beq }qegj dg md`vcm'

Cd~mr# Qd}qq}rm ahegmn ~bm ~mr` qejgelemn lhr ahgamv~# dgn ~bm ~mr` qejgelemr lhr qh}gn e`djm "~bm hrejegdc Lrmgab ~mr`q drm qejgeleå-ahgamv~ # qejgeledg~-e`djm dah}q~et}m%' ^bmqm ~mr`q drm eg~mrabdgjmdocm' ^bm ahgamv~# hr qejgelemn ~bmg# dq `mg~ehgmn doh|m# eq ~bm ahrrmcd~m hl ~bm qh}gn-e`djm# hr qejgelemr' Qd}qq}rm acde`q bmrm ~bd~ ~bmqm `mg~dc ahgamv~q dczduq doenm ~h ~bm enmdc dgn vrh~h~uveadc lmd~}rmq ~bd~ ~bm qejgelemr enmdccu zdq ~h rmlmr ~h' Lhr egq~dgam# zbmg zm bmdr /drohr/# hr /~rmm/# zm nh gh~ ~begi hl d vdr~ea}cdr ~rmm# q}ab dq d oerab ~rmm# hr ~bm hcn hdi ~rmm eg h}r odaiudrn# o}~ hl dg doq~rda~ ahgamv~ ~bd~ mg~decq ~bm enmdc# vrh~h~uveadc lmd~}rmq hl  /~rmm/# lhr md`vcm ~bm ~r}gi# ordgabmq# cmd|mq# ~dccgmqq# m~a' ^bm qh}gn abdeg# e'm' ~bm da~}dc

}~~mrdgam# `du bd|m orh}jb~ doh}~ ~beq ahgamv~# bhzm|mr# e~ eq ~bm /e`vrmqqehg/ hl ~beq qh}gn abdeg eg h}r `egnq ~bd~ eq hl eg~mrmq~ ~h Qd}qq}rm' E~ eq ~beq e`vrmqqehg ~bd~ bm rmlmrq ~h ze~b beq ~mr` *qh}gn e`djm* dgn bm rmjdrnq e~# dq `mg~ehgmn doh|m# ~h om ah`vcm~mcu a}~ hll lrh` ~bm vbuqeadc zhrcn'  ^bm rmcd~ehg om~zmmg ~bm ahgamv~ dgn ~bm qh}gn e`djm# l}r~bmr`hrm# eq dg droe~rdru hgm'  ^bmrm eq gh gd~}rdc# egbmrmg~ ahggma~ehg om~zmmg ~bm ~zh' Egq~mdn# zm dqqhaed~m ahgamv~q ze~b qh}gn e`djmq dgn |eam |mrqd lhcchzegj ahg|mg~ehgq' " ^bm ahgamv~ hl  droe~rdregmqq eq neqa}qqmn eg ~bm eg~rhn}a~ehg hl ~beq rmdnmr' % D qejg# ze~b e~q qejgelemr dgn qejgelemn# bdq ~h om# legdccu# daighzcmnjmn ou d qhaedc jrh}v# hr cdgj}djm ah``}ge~u eg hrnmr ~h om rmjdrnmn dq d qejg' ^bd~ eq ~h qdu# d rdgnh` }~~mrdgam hl  hgm egne|en}dc# dc~bh}jb bm hr qbm `du zdg~ e~ ~h qejgelu qh`m~begj# `du gh~ bd|m jdegmn q}lleaemg~ daighzcmnj`mg~ ~h om rmjdrnmn dq d qejg' ^beq eq omad}qm Qd}qq}rm rmjdrnmn qm`eh~eaq ~h om d qhaedc qaemgam' Daahrnegj ~h be`# qejgq drm ahccma~e|m mg~e~emq' 44'4'1 @MDGEGJ DQ HVVHQE^EHG

Daahrnegj ~h Qd}qq}rm# cdgj}djm eq d q~r}a~}rm' ^beq eq zbu beq zhri dgn ~bd~ hl beq lhcchzmrq bdq ommg adccmn q~r}a~}rdceq`' Ze~beg ~beq q~r}a~}rm# `mdgegj ah`mq eg~h omegj ~brh}jb hvvhqe~ehg' Zm bd|m dcrmdnu qmmg ~bd~# lhr Qd}qq}rm# `mdgegj eq gh~ ahggma~mn ze~b vbuqeadc hokma~q# qegam bm acde`mn ~bd~ gh~begj meq~mn h}~qenm ~bm qm`ehchjeadc quq~m` hl  qejgelemrq dgn CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q =:

qejgelemnq' Eg h~bmr zhrnq; ze~bh}~ qh`m q~r}a~}rm q}vmre`vhqmn ~h e~# gh~begj jdegq `mdgegj'  ^beq dvvcemq gh~ hgcu ~h ~bm vbuqeadc zhrcn# o}~ dcqh ~bm rmdc` hl ~bh}jb~'

 ^bh}jb~ zh}cn om ~b}q# ze~bh}~ ~bm q~r}a~}rm hl cdgj}djm# /d`hrvbh}q/# /}gabdr~mn/# /|dj}m/' ^beq e`vhr~dg~ gh~ehg `dgelmq~q Qd}qq}rm*q ~bmhru hl cegj}eq~eaq# dgn qm`eh~eaq# dq d qaemgam ahgamrgmn gh~ ze~b q}oq~dgam# o}~ lhr`' Nh gh~ om ahgl}qmn ou ~beq ~mr`eghchju$ Vmhvcm }qm ~bm ~mr` /q}oq~dgam/ eg m|mrundu cdgj}djm eg hrnmr ~h nmqejgd~m# qdu# d abm`eadc q}oq~dgam' O}~ Qd}qq}rm*q ~mr` /q}oq~dgam/ ou gh `mdgq rmlmrq ~h vbuqeadc qbdvm' E~ eq rd~bmr /~bd~ zbeab gmmnq ~h om q~r}a~}rmn/' Lhr md`vcm# ~bm q}oq~dgam hl ~bh}jb~ nmvmgnq hg ~bm q~r}a~}rm hl cdgj}djm# hr lhr`# ~h jdeg `mdgegj' @mdgegj ~dimq lhr`# ah`mq eg~h omegj# ze~beg ~beq q~r}a~}rmn quq~m` hgcu' Dgn ~beq `mdgegj# daahrnegj ~h Qd}qq}rm# bhcnq mac}qe|mcu9 eg h~bmr zhrnq# d qejg nmqejgd~mq d ahgamv~ ~bd~ gh h~bmr qejg nmqejgd~mq' Lhr md`vcm# ~bm qejg /~docm/ nmqejgd~mq qh`m~begj mac}qe|mcu' ^bmrm eq gh h~bmr qejg zbeab `mdgq /~docm/' Bmgam# zbmg zm bmdr ~bm zhrn /~docm/# zm adg mdqecu `dim h}~ zbd~ e~ `mdgq' Qd}qq}rm qduq ~bd~ ~bm qejg q~dgnq eg hvvhqe~ehg ~h dcc h~bmrq' Eg h~bmr zhrnq; D qejg nmqejgd~mq d ahgamv~ dq hvvhqmn ~h dcc h~bmrq zbeab nh gh~  nmqejgd~m ~bm qd`m ahgamv~' Dcc qejgq lhr` d qm`eh~ea gm~zhri eg zbeab ~bm hvvhqe~ehgq om~zmmg dcc qejgq je|m `mdgegj ~h ~bm egne|en}dc hgmq' Gd~}rdccu# ~beq eq |dcen lhr egne|en}dc quq~m`q hl qejgq hgcu'  ^bm ah}g~mrdrj}`mg~ ~bd~ ahrrmcd~m qejgq lrh` h~bmr cdgj}djmq nh meq~# q}ab dq /^eqab/ `mdgegj ~bm qd`m dq /~docm/# nhmq gh~ bhcn' 44'? Vmeram

Abdrcmq Qdgnmrq Vmeram "4215-454>% zdq d ahg~m`vhrdru hl Qd}qq}rm# }glhr~}gd~mcu bhzm|mr#

gme~bmr hl ~bm` bdn ahg~da~ ze~b hr ighzcmnjm hl ~bm zhri hl ~bm h~bmr' Zbecm Qd}qq}rm*q `hnmc bdq ommg rmahjge{mn dq e`vhr~dg~ lhr cegj}eq~eaq eg jmgmrdc dgn qm`dg~eaq eg vdr~ea}cdr# Vmeram eq ahgqenmrmn hgm hl ~bm `hq~ e`vhr~dg~ lej}rmq eg ~bm beq~hru hl  qm`eh~eaq' Qh`m qabhcdrq rmjdrn be` ~h om ~bm lh}gnmr hl ~bm `hnmrg ~bmhru hl qejgq'  ^bmrm drm qh`m vrhlh}gn nellmrmgamq om~zmmg Qd}qq}rm*q dgn Vmeram*q |emzq hl ~bm qejg' Qd}qq}rm ~zh-qenmn `hnmc hl ~bm qejg acde`mn ~h rmjdrn cdgj}djm hgcu "_m`m`omr *~bm zhrcn h}~qenm* zdq gh~ d vdr~ hl cdgj}djm lhr Qd}qq}rm'%' Vmeram# eg ahg~rdq~# qdz ~bd~ *zhrcn h}~qenm* ~h om d vdr~ hl ~bm quq~m` hl cdgj}djm dgn egahrvhrd~mn e~ eg~h beq ~rednea `hnmc hl ~bm qejg' Qd}qq}rm*q ~zh-qenmn `hnmc eq# l}r~bmr`hrm# q~d~ea eg ~bd~ e~ hllmrq dg mvcdgd~ehg hl bhz d qejg eq q~r}a~}rmn dgn dg dgdcuqeq hl e~q q~d~m' Vmeram*q `hnmc eq nugd`ea eg ~bd~ e~ nhmq gh~ rmjdrn ~bm qejg dq d qm~ mg~e~u dgn eg ~bd~ e~ ~dimq ~bm h|mrdcc vrhn}a~ehg vrhamqq hl qejgq# qm`ehqeq# `hrm qh eg~h ahgqenmrd~ehg' ^beq qm`ehqeq eq# l}r~bmr`hrm# d vrdj`d~ea vrhamn}rm; Eg ~beq vrhamn}rm m|mruohnu eq qmmg ~h bd|m beq hr bmr hzg |emz hl ~bm zhrcn dgn ou }qegj qejgq ~h mvrmqq ~beq egne|en}dc |emz# eq qmmg ~h ahg~reo}~m ~h dg mgncmqq jmgmrd~ehg hl gmz qejgq' E~ eq mdqu ~h qmm zbu ~beq `dimq lhr d `}ab `hrm nugd`ea }gnmrq~dgnegj hl  cdgj}djm dq vmhvcm*q egne|en}dc |emzq hl ~bm zhrcn adg gh~ om dqamr~degmn eg d ahgqeq~mg~# q~d~ea `dggmr' ^beq eq ~bm `deg# lhrm`hq~ nellmrmgam om~zmmg Qd}qq}rm*q dgn Vemram*q dvvrhdabmq ~h cdgj}djm' E~ eq e`vhr~dg~ ~h immv eg `egn ~bd~ Vmeram*q `hnmc adggh~ om rmjdrnmn `mrmcu dq dg m~mg~ehg hl  Qd}qq}rm*q `hnmc' E~ eq odqmn hg nellmrmg~ gh~ehgq hl ~bm qejg dc~hjm~bmr

dgn ~b}q gmmnq ~h om dvvrhdabmn eg e~q hzg ~mr`q' 44'?'4 ^BM ^_EDNEA QEJG

Vmeram*q ~rednea `hnmc qmmq ~bm qejg dq d vbmgh`mghg hl  ~berngmqq# ze~b ~bm |dreh}q dqvma~q hl  d qejg rmcd~egj ~h mdab h~bmr dq omq~ rmvrmqmg~mn ze~b ~bm ~redgjcm'

44'?'4'4 ^bm rmvrmqmg~d`mg

 ^beq vdr~ hl ~bm qejg `hnmc eq zbd~ zm dcrmdnu ighz lrh` Qd}qq}rm zbh eg~rhn}amq e~ ou dgh~bmr gd`m# gd`mcu ~bm qejg |mbeacm# ~bm qejgelemr# mvrmqqehg rmqvma~e|mcu' Lrh` ~beq uh} adg qmm ~bd~ qm`eh~ea ~bmhru# ~bh}jb e~ m|hc|mn nellmrmg~cu# nrmz hg ~bm qd`m enmdq dgn ahgamv~q t}e~m hl~mg' ^bm rmvrmqmg~d`mg eq ~bm lerq~ ahrrmcd~m hl ~bm qejg' Q~ecc# Vmeram qh`m~e`mq `emn }v beq hzg ~mr`q dgn qden ~bm rmvrmqmg~d`mg zdq ~bm qejg eg ~bm zbhcm' Eg `hq~ adqmq# bhzm|mr# Vmeram `dimq t}e~m acmdr ~bd~ ~bm qejg eq ~bm zbhcm# dgn ~bm rmvrmqmg~d`mg eq hgcu vdr~ hl  e~' 44'?'4'? ^bm hokma~

Zm bd|m qmmg ~bd~ ~bm rmvrmqmg~d`mg eq ~bm qejg |mbeacm' ^b}q e~ rmlmrq ~h qh`m~begj zbeab e~ e~qmcl eq gh~' Eg h~bmr zhrnq; /^docm/ eq hgcu d abdeg hl qh}gnq' ^bm ~begj e~ rmlmrq ~h eq gh~begj dah}q~ea# o}~ d ohnu' Dgu rmdc hr enmdc }ge~ zm adg rmlmr ~h adg om nmqareomn dq dg hokma~ eg ~bm Vmeramdg qmgqm' Vmeram gd`mq ~zh acdqqmq hl hokma~q;

e``mned~m hokma~; Zm qvmdi hl dg e``mned~m hokma~ zbmg d qejg adg qvhg~dgmh}qcu om dqqhaed~mn ze~b qh`m qvmaelea hokma~' /B}gjmr/# lhr md`vcm# dqq}`egjcu m|himq ~bm enmd hl ~bm nmqerm ~h md~' `mned~m hr nugd`ea hokma~; Bhz zm mvmremgam hokma~q eq d bejbcu egne|en}dc vrhamqq ~bd~ ~dimq vcdam egnmvmgnmg~cu eg mdab hl }q' ^bm `deg# hr nerma~# ahrrmcd~ehg hl ~bm qejg dq ~h qh`m hokma~ adg# `hrmh|mr# abdgjm h|mr ~e`m' Qh`mohnu zbh q~dr|mn# zecc# lhr md`vcm# mg~mr~deg d nellmrmg~ gh~ehg hl *b}gjmr* lrh` ~bmg hg' ^beq eq rmlmrrmn ~h dq qm`dg~ea cdgj}djm abdgjm' ^bm `mned~m hr nugd`ea hokma~q drm# eg ~beq qmgqm# vhqqeocm |dred~ehgq hl ~bm dqqhaed~ehg hl ~bm e``mned~m hokma~' 44'?'4'1 ^bm eg~mrvrm~dg~

 ^bm eg~mrvrm~dg~ eq ~bm `mdgegj hl ~bm qejg dq armd~mn eg ~bm `egn hl ~bm eg~mrvrm~mr' Vmeram dcqh qden ~bd~ ~beq zdq ~bm /mllma~/ hl ~bm qejg' ^beq mllma~ adg om `mdq}rmn ou m|mrundu mvmremgam' M|mru~begj zm cmdrg ndu ou ndu abdgjmq h}r |emz hl ~bm zhrcn' ^b}q# zm `du eg~mrvrm~  qejgq nellmrmg~cu ~hndu# el h}r ighzcmnjm hl ~bm` hr mvmremgam ze~b ~bm` bdq abdgjmn qegam umq~mrndu' Lhr md`vcm# cegj}eq~eaq zecc `mdg qh`m~begj mcqm ~h uh} d~ ~bm mgn hl ~beq acdqq ~bdg e~ nen d~ ~bm omjeggegj' ^bm eg~mrvrm~dg~ eq ~b}q ~bm `mdgegj dq armd~mn hg ~bm odqeq hl h}r q}` hl mvmremgam' ^beq eq d vdr~ hl ~bm h|mrdcc vrhamqq hl armd~egj qejgq# qm`ehqeq# ~h zbeab zm zecc jm~ rejb~ ghz' 44'?'4'> ]gce`e~mn qm`ehqeq

 ^bm vrhamqq hl armd~egj qejgq eq adccmn qm`ehqeq' ^bm rmvrmqmg~d`mg q~dgnq lhr qh`m~begj; ~bm hokma~' Dcqh# ~bmrm eq d vmrqhg ~h zbh` ~bm rmvrmqmg~d`mg eq d

rmvrmqmg~d~ehg' Eg ~bm `egn hl  ~beq vmrqhg# ~bm eg~mrvrm~mr# ~bm eg~mrvrm~dg~ eq ~b}q armd~mn' Vmeram qvmdiq hl d vrhamqq ~bd~ ah}cn jh hg egnmlege~mcu# hl dg mgncmqq q}aamqqehg hl qejgq' Eg e~ hgm ~bh}jb~ cmdnq ~h dgh~bmr dgn m|mru eg~mrvrm~dg~ adg eg ~bm ah}rqm om ~bm rmvrmqmg~d`mg hl dgh~bmr qejg' Dq q}ab# ~bm qmdrab lhr d lerq~ hr cdq~ qejg eg ~beq vrhamqq# d ahbmrmg~ zbhcm CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q =5

ze~b d omjeggegj dgn mgnegj# amdqmq ~h om ~bm vrmnh`egdg~ de`' Vmeraedg qm`eh~eaq# egq~mdn# lha}qmq hg ~bm vrhamqq e~qmcl' 44'?'? LE_Q^GMQQ#

QMAHGNGMQQ# ^BE_NGMQQ

Daahrnegj ~h Vmeram# d qejg adg q~dgn eg rmcd~ehg ~h ~bd~ zbeab e~ q~dgnq lhr eg ~brmm nellmrmg~ zduq' ^bmqm vh~mg~edc rmcd~ehgqbevq drm zbd~ bm adccq d ~reabh~h`u hl  lerq~gmqq# qmahgngmqq# dgn ~berngmqq' Vmeram ~bmg mcdohrd~mn ~beq ~reabh~h`u# cmdnegj ~h d |mru ah`vcm qejg ~bmhru' Eg ~beq ah}rqm zm zecc q~dr~ h}~ ou }gnmrq~dgnegj ~beq ~reabh~h`u eg rmjdrn ~h ~bm ahrrmcd~m hokma~ ' Eahg' Eahgq drm qejgq ~bd~ drm qe`ecdr ~h ~bd~ zbeab eq nmgh~mn' Hgm hl  ~bm omq~ md`vcmq drm vbh~hjrdvbq# zbmrm ~bm vea~}rm rmqm`ocmq ~bm hokma~ ~h d jrmd~ m~mg~' Eahgq q~dgn eg rmcd~ehg hl lerq~gmqq ~h ~bm hokma~' Egnm' ^bm egnm nhmq gh~ rmqm`ocm ~bm hokma~ e~qmcl dq ~bm eahg nhmq# ~bh}jb e~ nhmq nmvea~ d vbuqeadc ahg~m~ bd|egj ~h nh ze~b ~bd~ hokma~' Q`him# lhr md`vcm# nhmq gh~ rmqm`ocm lerm# o}~ e~ nhmq rmlmr ~h lerm gm|mr~bmcmqq' ^bm rmcd~ehg om~zmmg egneamq dgn hokma~q eq qmahgngmqq' Qu`ohc' Vmeram rmjdrnq qu`ohcq dq droe~rdru dgn ahg|mg~ehgdc qejgq' Qu`ohcq rmlmr ~h ~bmer hokma~q /ou |er~}m hl cdz/' Dcc cegj}eq~ea qejgq# e'm' zhrnq# drm ~bmrmlhrm qu`ohcq' "Gh~m ~bd~

`dgu cegj}eq~q bd|m nellmrmg~ }gnmrq~dgnegjq hl ~bm ~mr` /qu`ohc/9 ~b}q# zbmg rmdnegj cegj}eq~ea ~m~q# `dim q}rm ~bd~ uh} drm ld`ecedr ze~b ~bd~ cegj}eq~*q gh~ehg hl  /qu`ohc/'% ^b}q# eg hrnmr ~h }qm qu`ohcq "eg ~bm Vmeraedg qmgqm hl ~bm ~mr`% mllma~e|mcu# uh} qe`vcu bd|m ~h ighz# e'm' cmdrg# ~bmer `mdgegj' ^beq ~uvm hl rmcd~ehg eq zbd~ Vmeram adccmn d rmcd~ehg hl  ~berngmqq' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q <6

4?' Qm`dg~eaq Da~}dccu# ~beq abdv~mr h}jb~ ~h omdr ~bm gd`m /cegj}eq~ea qm`dg~eaq/# qegam qm`dg~ea ~bmhremq bd|m ommg nm|mchvmn ou `dgu qabhhcq hl ~bh}jb~' Bhzm|mr# vbechchjeq~q ahgamrgegj ~bm`qmc|mq ze~b qm`dg~eaq rmjdrn e~ dq ~bm `mdgegj q~r}a~}rm hl b}`dg cdgj}djm' Zm bd|m dcrmdnu ah`m darhqq ~bm ~mr` `mdgegj eg ~bm abdv~mr hg qm`eh~eaq' Zm qdz ~bd~ ~bm zhrnq hl d cdgj}djm adrru `mdgegj' Eg ~beq abdv~mr# zm zecc ~dim d chhi d~ ~bm qm`dg~ea rmcd~ehgq ~bd~ meq~ om~zmmg ~bm zhrnq hl d cdgj}djm dgn ~bm `mdgegj ~bmqm zhrnq nmqejgd~m "qm`dg~eaq ah`mq lrh` Jrmmi /qm`dg~eihq/# omchgjegj ~h ~bm qejg' Dcqh# zm zecc ~dim d chhi d~ ~bm ~zh `deg cegj}eq~ea vbmgh`mgd ~bd~ `hnmrg cegj}eq~q ahgamrgq e~qmcl  ze~b# gd`mcu `m~dvbhr  dgn nmeeq' 4?'4 ^bm `mdgegj hl /`mdgegj/

Qabhcdrq bd|m ommg o}qu ~begiegj doh}~ ~bm ahgamv~ hl `mdgegj qegam ~bm omjeggegj hl vbechqhvbu' Zbmg zm ~ru ~h mvcdeg ~bm `mdgegj hl d zhrn# qdu *zh`dg*# zm legn ~bd~ zm t}e~m gd~}rdccu ~dim rmah}rqm ~h h~bmr zhrnq# q}ab dq *b}`dg*# *lm`dcm*# dgn qh

hg' O}~ zbd~ eq /b}`dg/# zm ah}cn jh hg ~h dqi' Zbd~ eq /lm`dcm/8 Zbd~ nhmq /zbd~/# /eq/# /nmlegm/ `mdg8 Zbd~ eq ~bm `mdgegj hl /`mdgegj/8 D~ qh`m vheg~# zm zecc }gnh}o~mncu ldec ~h vrhn}am gmz zhrnq eg hrnmr ~h mvcdeg h~bmrq' ^beq `mdgq ~bd~ legdccu zm drre|m d~ d vheg~ zbmrm zm `}q~ daamv~ ~bd~ qh`m odqea zhrnq drm cml~ }gnmlegmn' Gm|mr~bmcmqq# ~bmu drm }gnmrq~hhn ou dcc qvmdimrq hl d cdgj}djm' ^bmqm odqea zhrnq drm adccmn ~bm vre`e~e|m qm`dg~ea mcm`mg~q' Zm*|m qmmg ~bd~ cdgj}djm dczduq rmlmrq ~h hokma~q hl hgm iegn hr dgh~bmr# me~bmr vbuqeadc "m'j'# ~begjq% hr `mg~dc "m'j'# enmdq hr lmmcegjq%' Zbmg ~dciegj doh}~ `mdgegj# bhzm|mr# cdgj}djm e~qmcl omah`mq ~bm hokma~ hl eg|mq~ejd~ehg' ^b}q# e~ eq cdgj}djm doh}~  cdgj}djm# nmqareoegj# lhr md`vcm# ~bm }ge~q# abdrda~mreq~eaq# hr qh}gnq hl d cdgj}djm' Zm adcc ~beq cdgj}djm doh}~ cdgj}djm ~bm `m~dcdgj}djm' Zbmg zm neqa}qqmn ~bm l}ga~ehgq hl cdgj}djm dq nmlegmn eg ~bm ah``}gead~ehg `hnmc ou _h`dg Kdihoqhg# zm `mg~ehgmn ~beq ~mr` lhr ~bm lerq~ ~e`m' Zm }qm `m~dcdgj}djm zbmgm|mr zm neqa}qq cegj}eq~ea ~bmhru eg dgu hl e~q dqvma~q' Eg ~bm lhcchzegj# uh} zecc qmm djdeg bhz e`vhr~dg~ e~ eq ~h om docm ~h `h|m ~h ~bm `m~dcegj}eq~ea cm|mc' H~bmrzeqm# zm zh}cn gh~ om docm ~h neqa}qq qm`dg~eaq d~ dcc$ 4?'? Zhrn `mdgegj dgn qmg~mgam `mdgegj

Zbmg zm chhi d~ d cdgj}djm# zm legn ~bd~ ~bmrm drm nellmrmg~ iegnq hl  `mdgegj ombegn nellmrmg~ iegnq hl zhrnq' Ahg~mg~ zhrnq' ^bmqm drm vregaevdccu gh}gq# |mroq# dnkma~e|mq# dgn dn|mroq' Dcc hl ~bmqm rmlmr ~h ahgarm~m hokma~q# da~ehgq# hr doq~rda~ ahgamv~q# lmmcegjq# m~a' Eg h~bmr zhrnq; ~bmrm eq

dczduq qh`m e``mned~m ahg~mg~ zbeab adg om dqqhaed~mn ze~b ~bm zhrn' L}ga~ehg zhrnq' ^bmqm drm vrmvhqe~ehgq hr dr~eacmq' ^bmrm eq gh e``mned~m ahg~mg~ dqareomn ~h ~bmqm zhrnq' ^bmu bmcv ~h ahgq~r}a~ `mdgegj eg cdrjmr cegj}eq~ea }ge~q# eg h~bmr zhrnq; ~bmu bd|m d l}ga~ehg' Dq uh} bd|m qmmg ghz# `mdgegj bdq ~h nh ze~b zhrnq' Zhrnq qmr|m ~h o}ecn qmg~mgamq' Bhz nh zm ighz ~bm `mdgegj hl ~bm qmg~mgam8 Eq e~ `mrmcu ~bm q}` hl ~bm `mdgegjq hl e~q zhrnq8 Hl ah}rqm gh~' Ahgqenmr ~beq md`vcm;  ^bm b}g~mr oe~ ~bm cehg' „ ^bm cehg oe~ ~bm b}g~mr'

D CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q <4

Eg oh~b qmg~mgamq# ~bm qd`m zhrnq haa}r' Bhzm|mr# ~bm `mdgegj hl mdab qmg~mgam eq t}e~m nellmrmg~ lrh` ~bm h~bmr' Qmg~mgam `mdgegj # bmgam# nmvmgnq gh~ hgcu hg ~bm zhrnq# o}~ dcqh hg zhrn hrnmr# vrhg}gaed~ehg# m~a' ^ruegj ~h nm~mr`egm zbd~ d qmg~mgam `mdgq dgn zbu e~ `mdgq zbd~ e~ `mdgq# eq zbd~ eq rmlmrrmn ~h eg qm`dg~eaq dq chhiegj lhr ~bm qm`dg~ea rhcm' ^beq eq# eg mqqmgam# gh~begj h~bmr ~bdg d odqea vrhamqq hl dqiegj * zbh nen zbd~ ~h zbh`# ze~b zbh`# hr lhr zbh`*' Lmd~}rmq q}ab dq zhrn hrnmr# vrhg}gaed~ehg dgn q~rmqq bmcv }q ~h nmlegm ~bm qm`dg~ea rhcm' 4?'1 Cmeadc qm`dg~eaq

Zm bd|m dcrmdnu neqa}qqmn ~bm ~mr` cmm`m' Eg vregaevcm# dcc zhrnq eg ~bm cmeahg hl d cdgj}djm drm cmm`mq "qmm @hrvbhchju %' Md`egegj ~bm `mdgegj hl zhrnq eg ~bm cmeahg ~bmg eq cmeadc qm`dg~eaq'

4?'1'4 QM@DG^EA

LMD^]_MQ

Zbmg zm }qm d zhrn# zm ighz e~q `mdgegj "hr d~ cmdq~ zm h}jb~ ~h %' ^beq `mdgq# zm ighz `dgu ~begjq doh}~ ~bm zhrn eg t}mq~ehg' Doh|m# E `mg~ehgmn ~bm md`vcm /zh`dg'/ E qden /zh`dg/ `ejb~ om nmqareomn ou /b}`dg/# dgn /lm`dcm/' Zmcc# ~bmqm dqvma~q drm dcqh adccmn qm`dg~ea lmd~}rmq hr qm`dg~ea vrhvmr~emq' Zm adg ceq~ ~bm lmd~}rmq hl dcc zhrnq' ^bmu bmcv ~h nellmrmg~ed~m om~zmmg zhrnq ~bd~ qh}gn hr chhi ~bm qd`m# q}ab dq /odabmchr/' Adg uh} ~begi hl  dgu `hrm qm`dg~ea lmd~}rmq lhr ~beq zhrn8 odabmchr odabmchr odabmchr 

)dge`d~mn )dge`d~mn )dge`d~mn )b}`dg )b}`dg -b}`dg )`dcm ''' )`dcm  ^bm ) dgn - qejgq egnead~m zbm~bmr d cmm`m eq qvmaelemn ou d amr~deg lmd~}rm hr gh~' Qh`m~e`mq# lmd~}rmq nh gh~ dvvcu ~h cmm`mq# dq eg h}r md`vcm; zbecm ~bm odabmchr hg ~bm cml~ bdgn rmvrmqmg~q dg }g`drremn uh}gj `dg# zbh gd~}rdccu eq `dcm# ~bd~ lmd~}rm nhmq gh~ dvvcu ~h ~bm `mdgegj eg ~bm `enncm; Bmrm zm bd|m ~bm vmrqhg bhcnegj ~bm }ge|mrqe~u nmjrmm "oh~b `dcm dgn lm`dcm%'Hg ~bm rejb~# zm legdccu bd|m ~bm dge`dc odabmchr; d uh}gj `dcm qmdc' 4?'1'? NMGH^D^EHG \M_Q]Q AHGGH^D^EHG

 ^bmrm drm ~zh dqvma~q ~h ~bm `mdgegj hl d zhrn' Zm dcqh qdu ~bd~ ~bmrm eq d /ahrm/ `mdgegj ~h m|mru zhrn# dq zmcc dq qh`m dnne~ehgdc `mdgegj' ^bm /ahrm/ `mdgegj eq ~bm `mdgegj hl d zhrn eg e~q ce~mrdc qmgqm' Zm adcc ~beq ~bm nmgh~d~e|m `mdgegj' ^bm dnne~ehgdc `mdgegj eq zbd~ zm dnn daahrnegj ~h h}r lmmcegjq doh}~ ~bm ~mr`' ^beq eq ~bm ahggh~d~e|m `mdgegj' D jhhn md`vcm eq ~bm neqmdqm adccmn adgamr' ^bm nmgh~d~ehg hl /adgamr/

eq ~bm `mrm neqmdqm ~bd~ adg om nmqareomn ou jrhzegj ~}`hrq# `dcl}ga~ehgegj hrjdgq# m~a'  ^bm ahggh~d~ehg hl adgamr eq dcc ~bm m`h~ehgdc dnne~ehgq# dq /ar}mc/# /lrejb~mgegj/# /bdrn ~h bmdc/# m~a' Zbecm ~bm nmgh~d~ehg hl d cmm`m eq q}okma~ ~h cdgj}djm abdgjm eg ~bm orhdn qmgqm# ~bm ahggh~d~ehg `du abdgjm daahrnegj ~h ~bm ~dq~m mg |hj}m' D lmz nmadnmq djh# /l}r ahd~/ bdn d ahggh~d~ehg hl |dc}m dgn bejb qhaedc q~d~}q' Ghzdnduq# /l}r ahd~/ m|egamq d ahggh~d~ehg hl /dge`dc `}rnmr/# /ar}mc~u/# /ejghrdgam/# dgn qh hg' Eg qbhr~# ~bm zmdrmr hl q}ab d ahd~ `ejb~ legn ~bd~ vmhvcm k}njm bmr "hr be`% nellmrmg~cu' 4?'1'1 CMREADC LEMCNQ

 ^bmrm drm dczduq zhrnq eg d cdgj}djm ~bd~ qmm` ~h omchgj ~hjm~bmr `hrm qh ~bdg h~bmrq' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q
Ahgqenmr ~bm lhcchzegj zhrnq; bd``mr# ~hgjq# qarmznre|mr# a}~~mr# qdz Dcc hl ~bmqm bd|m qh`m~begj eg ah``hg; ~bmu drm ~hhcq' ^bmqm zhrnq ze~b /qh`m~begj/ eg ah``hg omchgj ~h ~bm qd`m cmeadc lemcn' H~bmr cmeadc lemcnq ahg~deg m`h~ehgq# |mbeacmq# l}rge~}rm# dgn qh hg' 4?'1'1'4 @drimngmqq

Zm nh gh~ }qm dcc cmm`mq mt}dccu hl~mg; zm }qm ~bm` ze~b nellmrmg~ lrmt}mgau ' Ahgqenmr ~bm md`vcm hl ~bm lhcchzegj ahchr ~mr`q; oc}m# rmn# umcchz# jrmmg egnejh# qdllrhg# rhudc oc}m# dt}d`dregm  ^bm lerq~ qm~ hl ahchr ~mr`q qmm`q `hrm ld`ecedr' Oh~b qm~q bd|m d nellmrmg~ q~d~}q9 zm qdu ~bd~ ~bm /`hrm ld`ecedr/ qm~ eq cmqq `drimn' Cmqq `drimn lhr`q drm mdqemr ~h cmdrg dgn drm }qmn `hrm lrmt}mg~cu'

Dgh~bmr md`vcm eq ~bm }qm hl `dcm dgn lm`dcm lhr`q' Lm`dcm lhr`q drm `hrm `drimn ~bdg `dcm hgmq eg cdgj}djmq q}ab dq Jmr`dg dgn Lrmgab' 4?'> ^BM @HQ^

_MCM\DG^ QM@DG^EA _MCD^EHGQ OM^ZMMG CMRM@MQ

Qh`m qm`dg~ea rmcd~ehgq om~zmmg cmm`mq nm~mr`egm ~bmer qm`dg~ea cha}q ze~beg ~bm cmeahg hl d cdgj}djm' H~bmrq qe`vcu jh|mrg ~bm vhqqeoece~emq hl q}oq~e~}~ehg dgn nellmrmg~ed~ehg hl  cmm`mq' 4?'>'4 B UVHGU@U 

Ahgqenmr djdeg ~bm md`vcm hl bd``mr# ~hgjq# qarmznre|mr# a}~~mr# qdz' Dcc hl ~bmqm omchgj ~h ~bm cmeadc lemcn /~hhcq/' Eg ~beq adqm# /~hhc/ eq d qm`dg~eadccu bejbmr ~mr`# eg ~bd~ e~ q~dgnq lhr d jrh}v hl e~m`q' Dcc hl ~bm ~mr`q "bd``mr#'''% drm buvhgu`q hl ~bm orhdnmr ~mr`' /Buvh/ eq Jrmmi lhr /omchz/' ^b}q dcc ~hhcq drm buvhgu`q hl /~hhc/' ^bm ~mr` /~hhc/ eq# ahgqmt}mg~cu# ~bm buvmrgu` lhr dcc ~hhcq "/buvmr/ 0 Jrmmi /doh|m/%' 4?'>'? Q UGHGU@U 

 ^zh zhrnq drm qughgu`h}q el ~bmu /`mdg ~bm qd`m ~begj'/ Zm dcc ighz zhrnq zbeab qmr|m ~bm qd`m v}rvhqm' Dg md`vcm lrh` Jmr`dg eq /Jmcnoürqm ‑ Vhr~m`hggdem ‑ Jmcnom}~mc'/ Dg Mgjceqb md`vcm eq /lec` ‑ `h|em ‑ `h~ehg vea~}rm'/  ^r}m qughgu`q drm bdrn ~h legn eg d cdgj}djm' @hq~ qughgu`q hrejegd~m lrh` chadc nellmrmgamq' Lhr md`vcm# eg D}q~red vmhvcm rmlmr ~h d q~rmm~ dq /Jdqqm/# zbmrmdq lhr ~bm rmq~ hl ~bm Jmr`dg-qvmdiegj ah``}ge~u ~bm qd`m hokma~ eq rmlmrrmn ~h dq /Q~rdØm'/ 4?'>'1 DG^HGU@U 

Dvdr~ lrh` mt}dce~u eg `mdgegj# dq ze~b qughgu`q# ~bmrm eq dcqh ~bm hvvhqe~m' Hvvhqe~ehg eg `mdgegj eq ighzg dq dg~hgu`u ' Cdrjm-q`dcc# zenm-gdrrhz# zbe~m-ocdai# ld~-qce` drm qh`m md`vcmq lhr dg~hgu`q' Dcc acdqqmq hl zhrnq adg bd|m dg~hgu`q'

\mroq; jh-q~dgn Gh}gq; `dcm-lm`dcm dnkma~e|mq; jhhn-odn CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q <1

4?'>'> DQU@@M^_U HL

^BM CMRM@M

Dq dg enmdc# ~bm cegj}eq~ea qejg qbhzq hgm `mdgegj ahggma~mn ze~b hgm mvrmqqehg' Bhzm|mr# ~bmrm drm qh`m mamv~ehgq ~h ~beq enmdc' 4?'>'>'4 Bh`hgu`u'

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Nmeeq ah`mq lrh` Jrmmi# `mdgegj /~h vheg~'/ Egnmmn zm lrmt}mg~cu vheg~ d~ ~begjq# vmhvcm# dgn m|mg~q eg h}r cdgj}djm' Zm gmmn l}ga~ehg zhrnq# m'j'# vrmvhqe~ehgq dgn vrhgh}gq# ~h ahgq~r}a~ nmea~ea }~~mrdgamq' Zm }qm nmeeq ~h dr~ea}cd~m ~bm hremg~d~ehg hl 

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Vmrqhgdc nmeeq' ^beq lhr` hl nmeeq rmlmrq ~h ~bm }~~mrdgamq zbeab

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41' Vrdj`d~eaq m bd|m eg|mq~ejd~mn ~zh hl ~bm `deg eqq}mq hl cdgj}djm qh ldr' ^bm lerq~ zdq qug~d # zbeab nmdcq ze~b ~bm rmcd~ehgq d`hgj ~bm |dreh}q qejgq eg d qmt}mgam hl  qvmmab' ^bm qmahgn zdq qm`dg~eaq# zbeab nmdcq ze~b ~bm cegj}eq~ea qejg dgn ~bm `mdgegj ombegn e~# ~bd~ eq# ~bm rmcd~ehg om~zmmg cdgj}djm dgn hokma~q'  ^bmrm eq# bhzm|mr# d ~bern eqq}m ~h ~bm cegj}eq~ea qejg' Zbd~ ~beq eqq}m eq mdqu ~h j}mqq zbmg ahgqenmregj

~bm lhcchzegj md`vcm; Qvmdimr D "chhiq doh}~ d oej qt}drm qbm*q q~dgnegj hg; /Hb# E k}q~ ch|m  ^rdldcjdr Qt}drm$/ Qvmdimr O "rmqvhgnegj%; /O}~ ~beq eq ~bm Vcdam nm cd Ahgahrnm$/ Zbd~*q zrhgj ze~b qvmdimr D*q }~~mrdgam8 Zmcc# e~*q ahrrma~ oh~b qm`dg~eadccu dgn qug~da~eadccu' E~ `dimq qmgqm dgn e~ eq daamv~docm# dvdr~ lrh` hgm dqvma~; E~ nhmq gh~ le~ eg~h ~bm ahg~m~' Bmrm zm qmm ~bd~ ~bmrm `}q~ om d rmcd~ehg om~zmmg ~bm qejg dgn e~q }qmr  eg d amr~deg ahg~m~' Ho|eh}qcu# qmg~mgamq adg om ahrrma~ oh~b qm`dg~eadccu dgn qug~da~eadccu dgn q~ecc om ahg~m~}dccu zrhgj' Daahrnegj ~h ~bm D`mreadg vbechqhvbmr Abdrcmq Zecced` @hrreq# ~beq ~bern rmcd~ehg hl ~bm qejg eq adccmn ~bm  vrdj`d~ea ne`mgqehg hl ~bm qejg' @hrreq zdq d lhcchzmr hl Vmeram# zbeab daah}g~q ~h zbu bm dnhv~mn ~bm `hnmc hl ~bm qejg dgn e~q ~brmm ne`mgqehgq;

 ^beq abdv~mr nmdcq ze~b vrdj`d~eaq' Zm zecc ~dim d chhi d~ eglhr`d~ehg q~r}a~}rm dgn qvmmab da~q# eg|mq~ejd~egj zbu zm qdu zbd~ eg zbeab ahg~m~' 41'4 Eglhr`d~ehg q~r}a~}rm

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/Ahg~m~}dccu ahrrma~/ nhmq gh~ hgcu `mdg ~bd~ eglhr`d~ehg adg om ahrrma~ hr gh~# o}~ dcqh ~bd~ ~bm q}rldam q~r}a~}rm hl d qmg~mgam eq jmgmrd~mn lrh` ~bm nmmv q~r}a~}rm n}m ~h qh`m rmj}cd~e|m lhram eg ~bm cdgj}djm' Eg d oer~bndu adrn# lhr md`vcm# uh} nh gh~ mvma~ ~bm qmg~mgam; /Hg ~beq ndu# zbeab eq ~bm ?> ~b dgge|mrqdru hl ~bm ndu hl uh}r oer~b# ~bmqm zhrnq qbdcc `mdg ~h uh} ~bd~ ~bm }gnmrqejgmn zeqbmq ~h ~rdgq`e~ bmr omq~ zeqbmq# gd`mcu ahgjrd~}cd~ehgq'/  Uh} zecc rd~bmr legn qh`m~begj ceim; /Bdvvu oer~bndu dgn omq~ zeqbmq' Uh}rq# Mc|erd'/ Ho|eh}qcu# ~bmrm drm dc~mrgd~e|mq hl qduegj ~bm qd`m ~begj' Zm drm /~hcn/ bhz ~h q~r}a~}rm eglhr`d~ehg eg d qmg~mgam ou qm|mrdc ad~mjhremq' 41'4'4 AD^MJH_EMQ

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Je|mg dgn gmz eglhr`d~ehg' Eg m|mru ahg|mrqd~ehg ~bmrm drm vbrdqmq ~bd~ drm ~dimg ~h om ah``hgcu ighzg' ^bmqm rmame|m cmqq q~rmqq dgn drm mvrmqqmn cmqq mcdohrd~mcu ~bdg ~bhqm rmvrmqmg~egj gmz eglhr`d~ehg' Lhr md`vcm; /Umq~mrndu `u `h~bmr zmg~ ~h ~beq gmz `dcc# ~bm hgm eg T}mmg*q rhdn# uh} ighz# zbmrm ~bm hcn aegm`d o}rg~ nhzg cdq~ umdr'/ /Umq~mrndu/ dgn /`u/ drm ho|eh}qcu ighzg mcm`mg~q eg ~beq qmg~mgam' /Gmz `dcc/ eq gmz eglhr`d~ehg' E~ rmt}ermq l}r~bmr mvcdgd~ehg'  ^hvea' ^bm ~hvea eq ~bm ahrm hl d~~mg~ehg eg d qmg~mgam# dq ~bm }gnmrcegmn zhrn eg; /E ighz e~ zdq uh} zbh ~hhi dzdu `u qdgnzeab$/ E~ eq gh~ dczduq ~bd~ mdqu ~h qdu zbmrm ~bm ~hvea eq eg d qmg~mgam' Eg; /H nd`g e~$/ ~bm ~hvea eq nmlege~mcu h}~qenm ~bm qvhimg cdgj}djm# m'j'# d `eqabeml hr odn c}ai' ^bm zhrn

/e~/ eq ho|eh}qcu ~hh |dj}m ~h rmvrmqmg~ ~bm ~hvea eg d q}lleaemg~ `dggmr' Ahg~rdq~' Zbmrm gh}gq hr gh}g vbrdqmq haa}r eg hvvhqe~ehg ~h mdab h~bmr# zm legn ahg~rdq~' Md`vcmq drm; /E~ zdq gh~ ^h` o}~ Kmrru zbh `dnm `m cd}jb `hrm'/ /Hgcu Id~bcmmg zdq docm ~h vdqq ~bm ~mq~'/ Eg ~bm qmahgn md`vcm# ahg~rdq~ haa}rq om~zmmg /Id~bcmmg/ dgn dcc h~bmr `m`omrq hl d je|mg jrh}v' Nmlege~mgmqq' Gh}g vbrdqmq drm `drimn dq nmlege~m zbmg e~ adg om dqq}`mn ~bd~ ~bm ceq~mgmr eq docm ~h enmg~elu ~bm` ze~bh}~ nellea}c~u' /Zbmrm*q ~bm v}o8/ "nmlege~m% eq dvvrhvred~m eg d q`dcc |eccdjm zbmrm hgm qegjcm v}o meq~q# zbmrmdq /Zbmrm eq d v}o8/ hr /Drm ~bmrm v}oq drh}gn bmrm8/ "egnmlege~m% zh}cn le~ ~bm qe~}d~ehg hl d cdrjmr gmejbohrbhhn hr ae~u' _mlmrmg~edce~u' Gh}g vbrdqmq drm rmlmrmg~edc el ~bmu rmlmr ~h d  vdr~ea}cdr  mg~e~u' Eg ~bm qmg~mgam /^beq eq ~bm ohhi E oh}jb~ d~ Necchg*q/# lhr md`vcm# ~bm gh}g vbrdqm /ohhi/ eq rmlmrmg~edc dq e~ eq nmlegmn `hrm vrmaeqmcu ou ~bm q}ohrnegd~m acd}qm' ^bm gh}g vbrdqm /e~/ eg ~bm qmg~mgam /E~*q l}g ~h q~}nu cegj}eq~eaq/# hg ~bm h~bmr bdgn# eq ghgrmlmrmg~edc dq e~ rm`degq |dj}m' Ghgrmlmrmg~edc vbrdqmq drm ~b}q }qmn zbmgm|mr qh`m gh}g eq rmt}ermn ~bd~ adggh~ om nmre|mn lrh` ~bm jmgmrdc ahg~mg~ hl ~bm vbrdqm' Eg M}rhvmdg cdgj}djmq# lhr md`vcm# gh}gq drm rmt}ermn lhr ~bm ahgq~r}a~ehg hl dgu qmg~mgam' N}m ~h ~beq# vbrdqmq ceim /E~*q rdegegj/ meq~'  ^ru ~h ~begi doh}~ zbd~m|mr eq da~}dccu rdegegj; eq e~ ~bm zmd~bmr8 ^bm ach}n8 Eq e~ ~bm rdeg e~qmcl8 Jhn8 ^bm dgqzmr eq gh' ^bm zhrn /e~/ qmr|mq d v}rvhqm eg e~qmcl  omad}qm zm rmt}erm d gh}g vbrdqm# qh`m~begj ~bd~ /nhmq rdeg/ qe`ecdr ~h /E r}g/# /Khm qze`q/#

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Dq zm bd|m qmmg omlhrm eg ~bm abdv~mr hg qug~d# ~bm qd`m nmmv q~r}a~}rm hl qmg~mgamq adg om ~rdgqlhr`mn eg~h nellmrmg~ q}rldam q~r}a~}rmq' Eg ~beq abdv~mr# uh} zecc qmm zbmg vrdj`d~ea ad~mjhremq dvvcu ~h ~rejjmr amr~deg ~rdgqlhr`d~ehgq' Lrhg~egj' @h|egj vbrdqmq ~h ~bm lrhg~ hl d qmg~mgam qmr|mq ~h egnead~m je|mggmqq hr ahg~rdq~' Je|mggmqq; /Cd~eg cmqqhgq E adggh~ q~dgn'/  ^bm qvmdimr eg ~beq qmg~mgam vrmq}`mq ~bd~ ~bm ceq~mgmr dcrmdnu ighzq ~bd~ bm(qbm adg*~ q~dgn qh`m~begj' ^bmrmlhrm ~bd~ vdr~ hl ~bm qmg~mgam eq d je|mg# qh`m~begj dcrmdnu ighzg' Vcdaegj ~bm gh}g vbrdqm ~h ~bm lrhg~ ~bmg qmr|mq ~h neq~egj}eqb ~bm gmz dgn ~bm je|mg eglhr`d~ehg hl ~bm qmg~mgam lrh` mdab h~bmr' Ahg~rdq~; /E rmdccu nhg*~ ceim ^e`' Bdr|mu E legn geam'/ Eg ~beq md`vcm# ahg~rdq~ eq mvrmqqmn ~brh}jb lrhg~egj' ^bm }g}q}dc vhqe~ehg hl /Bdr|mu/ qmr|mq ~h m`vbdqe{m ~bm ceim(neqceim hvvhqe~ehg Cml~-neqchad~ehg' ^beq eq qug~da~eadccu dgn lhr`dccu qe`ecdr ~h lrhg~egj9 d gh}g eq `h|mn lrh` e~q }q}dc vcdam ~h ~bm cml~# e'm' lrhg~ hl ~bm qmg~mgam eg hrnmr ~h egnead~m je|mggmqq hr ahg~rdq~' ^bm nellmrmgam bmrm eq ~bd~ ~bm gh}g rm`degq eg ~bm lhr` hl d vrhgh}g eg e~q hrejegdc vcdam dq zmcc' E~ eq lrmt}mg~cu }qmn ~h rmeg~rhn}am je|mg eglhr`d~ehg' /Cegj}eq~eaq# E*n k}q~ nem lhr e~'/ Acml~egj dgn vqm}nhacml~egj' Ahgqenmr ~bm lhcchzegj qmg~mgam; /Qvhai `m~ Ieri eg ~bm ~rdgqvhr~mr rhh`'/ Acml~ qmg~mgamq drm hl ~bm lhr`; /E~ ) OM ) ~bd~'''/ /E~ zdq Ieri ~bd~ Qvhai `m~ eg ~bm ~rdgqvhr~mr rhh`'/ Vqm}nhacml~ qmg~mgamq drm hl ~bm lhr`; /ZB-zhrn "}q}dccu *zbd~*% ) ''' )

OM/ /Zbd~ Qvhai `m~ eg ~bm ~rdgqvhr~mr rhh` zdq Ieri'/ Oh~b ahgq~r}a~ehgq qmr|m ~h ldaece~d~m ~bm eglhr`d~ehg vrhamqq lhr ~bm ceq~mgmr' Omad}qm ~bm je|mg eglhr`d~ehg eq neq~egj}eqbmn lrh` ~bm gmz# ~bm ceq~mgmr adg lha}q `hrm rmdnecu hg ~bm gmz eglhr`d~ehg' Om~zmmg ~bm ~zh ahgq~r}a~ehgq# ~bh}jb# e~ eq acml~ qmg~mgam q~r}a~}rm ~bd~ bdq `hrm lhram eg dabem|egj ~beq mllma~' Eg vqm}nhacml~ qmg~mgamq ~bm gmz eglhr`d~ehg eq# ~bh}jb `drimn# gh~ vrmqmg~mn eg hgm ochai d~ ~bm lrhg~' ^bm ceq~mgmr ~b}q# dl~mr rmame|egj ~bm **zbd~/ mcm`mg~ hl ~bm gmz eglhr`d~ehg# bdq ~h ahg~reo}~m qh`mzbd~ `hrm ahgamg~rd~ehg ~h ~bm je|mg eglhr`d~ehg eg ~bm `enncm omlhrm rmq}`egj ze~b ~bm cd~~mr vdr~ hl ~bm gmz eglhr`d~ehg d~ ~bm mgn hl ~bm qmg~mgam' Qmg~mgam q~rmqq' Eg `hq~ cdgj}djmq# gh}g vbrdqmq ~bd~ rmvrmqmg~ gmz eglhr`d~ehg rmame|m `hrm q~rmqq' O}~ q~rmqq adg dcqh qmr|m ~bm v}rvhqm hl `driegj hvvhqe~ehg' Q~rmqq rmlmrq ~h eg~hgd~ehg' Eg lrhg~egj dgn cml~-neqchad~ehg# q~rmqq eq dnnmn ~h q~rmgj~bmg ~bm m`vbdqeq hg ~bm dah}q~ea cm|mc' Vdqqe|m' ]q}dccu# ~bm da~e|m |heam eq vrmlmrrmn eg Mgjceqb' Qmg~mgamq dq; /D jhhn ~e`m zdq bdn ou dcc/ qh}gn renea}ch}q' ^beq eq omad}qm zm vrmlmr ~h gd`m ~bm djmg~ eg d qmg~mgam dq ~bm da~e|m vdr~' Q~ecc# ~bm ~zh vhqqeocm iegnq hl vdqqe|m qmg~mgamq eg Mgjceqb l}clecc e`vhh~dg~ l}ga~ehgq;  Djmg~ vdqqe|m ahgq~r}a~ehgq drm }qmn zbmg ~bm q}okma~ hl ~bm qmg~mgam eq hl vrmnh`egdg~ eg~mrmq~# um~ zbmg d gh}g h~bmr ~bdg ~bm q}okma~ hl ~bm qmg~mgam ~dimq ~bm da~e|m rhcm eg qbdvegj ~bm q~d~m hl ~bd~ q}okma~'

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Eg ~bm 45<6*q# ^zh cegj}eq~q# D}q~eg dgn Qmdrcm# `dnm }v d ~bmhru hg bhz cdgj}djm qmr|mq ~h vmrlhr` da~ehg' D}q~eg*q ld`h}q ohhi eq bmgam adccmn; Bhz ~h nh ~begjq ze~b zhrnq' Zbmg zm ah``}gead~m# zm nh gh~ hgcu eg~mgn ~h qmgn qh`m eglhr`d~ehg ~h d rmame|mr' Eg lda~# zm drm dczduq da~egj eg hgm zdu hr dgh~bmr zbmg zm ~dci' ^beq nhmq gh~ `mdg ~bd~ zm vmrlhr` qh`m qhr~ hl vcdu ze~b h}r ohnemq# o}~ ~bd~ zm drm e`vdr~egj qh`m~begj omuhgn ~bm `mrm q}rldam q~r}a~}rm hl ~bm }~~mrdgam' K}q~ ahgqenmr uh}r hzg m|mrundu ah``}gead~ehg; Uh} nh gh~ `mrmcu *qmmi dgn vrh|enm eglhr`d~ehg*# egq~mdn uh} nmacdrm# vrhgh}gam# je|m hrnmrq# ah``eqmrd~m# dvvrh|m# m~a' Qvmmab da~q adg om t}e~m ne|mrqelemn' 41'?'4 ^ UVMQ HL QVMMAB DA^Q

_mvrmqmg~d~e|mq; ~bmqm rmvrmqmg~ q~d~mq hl dllderq# q}ab dq dqqmr~ehgq#

q~d~m`mg~q# acde`q# buvh~bmqmq# nmqarev~ehgq# dgn q}jjmq~ehgq' ^bmu drm ah``hgcu rmjdrnmn dq omegj me~bmr ~r}m hr ldcqm' Ah``eqqe|mq; ~bmqm ah``e~ ~bm qvmdimr ~h qh`m~begj# q}ab dq vrh`eqmq# vcmnjmq# ~brmd~q# dgn |hzq' Nerma~e|mq eg~mgn ~h `dim ~bm bmdrmr adrru h}~ qh`m da~ehg; ah``dgnq# rmt}mq~q# abdccmgjmq# eg|e~d~ehgq# mg~rmd~emq# dgn ndrmq' Nmacdrd~ehgq oregj doh}~ ~bm q~d~m hl dllderq; ocmqqegjq# leregjq# odv~eq`q# drrmq~q# `drruegj#

nmacdregj d `eq~redc' Mvrmqqe|mq; ~bmqm egnead~m ~bm qvmdimr*q d~~e~}nm# q}ab dq jrmm~egjq# dvhchjemq# ahgjrd~}cd~ehgq# ahgnhcmgamq# dgn ~bdgiqje|egjq' \mrnea~e|mq `dim dqqmqq`mg~q hr k}njm`mg~q; rdgiegj# dqqmqqegj# dvvrdeqegj# ahgnhgegj' 41'?'? CHA]^EHG#

ECCHA]^EHG # VM_CHA]^EHG

D qvmmab da~ bdq ~brmm dqvma~q ~h e~' Gh~m ~bd~ zm drm bmrm gh~ eg~mrmq~mn eg ~bm nmgh~d~e|m `mdgegj# o}~ rd~bmr eg ~bm ahggh~d~e|m `mdgegj# e'm' zbd~ eq da~}dccu eglmrrmn# orh}jb~ doh}~# dgn mllma~mn ou ~bm qvmmab da~' Cha}~ehg' ^beq eq ~bm dah}q~ea }~~mrdgam ~bd~ adg dcqh om ~rdgqareomn eg~h vbhgm~ea ~rdgqarev~ehg' E~ eq dcqh adccmn ~bm }~~mrdgam da~ ' Zm rmlmrrmn ~h ~beq mdrcemr dq ~bm dah}q~ea abdeg' Eccha}~ehg' Zbmgm|mr uh} qdu qh`m~begj# uh} bd|m dg eg~mg~ehg ~h qdu qh`m~begj' ^bmrm `du om hgm hr `hrm eg~mg~ehgq ombegn ~bm }~~mrdgam' Zm qdu ~bd~ ~bmrm drm hgm hr `hrm eccha}~ehgdru  da~q eg ~bm qvmmab da~' Vmrcha}~ehg' ^beq eq ~bm mllma~ hl ~bm qvmmab da~ hg ~bm bmdrmr' ^bmrm drm ~zh dqvma~q hl ~bm  vmrcha}~ehgdru da~ ' Lerq~# ~bmrm eq ~bm mllma~ ~bd~ ~bm qmgnmr zdg~q ~h m|him eg ~bm ceq~mgmr# dgn qmahgn# ~bm mllma~ ~bd~ eq legdccu dabem|mn' Dg md`vcm eq dg hrnmr lrh` qh`mhgm ze~bh}~ d}~bhre~u; ^bm mllma~ ~bd~ ~bm qmgnmr zdg~mn ~h m|him zdq homnemgam9 zbd~ zdq legdccu dabem|mn# bhzm|mr# zdq neqhomnemgam' O}~ bhz eq e~ ~bd~ zm ighz zbd~ eccha}~ehgdru lhram eq ombegn d qvmmab da~# e'm'# bhz nh zm ighz ~bd~ qh`mohnu dqiegj /Drm uh} lrmm ~hgejb~8/ eq gh~ `mrmcu mvma~egj d /umq(gh/‑ dgqzmr# o}~ zdg~q ~h cegm }v d nd~m ze~b }q' Zm eglmr ~bm eccha}~ehgdru da~ hl d q~d~m`mg~ lrh` e~q ahg~m~' ^beq `mdgq

~bd~ zm vrmq}`m# lhr hgm# ~bd~ d qvmdimr dczduq bdq qh`m eg~mg~ehg lhr zdg~egj dgu eglhr`d~ehg' ^bm ahg~m~ bmrm *ohu-jerc-m|mgegj-lrmm ~e`m* dcchzq ~bm ceq~mgmr ~h nmn}am *Bm zdg~q ~h qvmgn beq ~e`m ze~b `m'*' El ~bm ahg~m~ zmrm q}ab ~bd~ oh~b ~bm qvmdimr dgn ~bm ceq~mgmr bd|m vdr~-~e`m khoq d~ CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q <5

@aNhgdcnq# ~bm eccha}~ehgdru da~ ah}cn zmcc om |mru nellmrmg~# gd`mcu /Ah}cn uh} ~dim `u qbel~ ~hgejb~ 8 "qh ~bd~ E ah}cn jh hg d nd~m ze~b qh`mhgm mcqm8%/' Zbm~bmr d ahg~m~ ah}g~q dq d |dcen ahg~m~ hl d qvmmab da~ }q}dccu rmq~q hg d g}`omr hl  ahgne~ehgq ~bd~# ~hjm~bmr# rmgnmr ~bd~ ahg~m~' ^bmrm drm dcqh dczduq d g}`omr hl  ahgne~ehgq ~bd~ bd|m ~h om l}cleccmn qh ~bd~ d qvmmab da~ adg om eg~mrvrm~mn dq eg~mgnmn' /E ghz vrhgh}gam uh} b}qodgn dgn zelm/# lhr md`vcm # eq |dcen hgcu el ~bm qvmdimr eq mg~e~cmn ~h zmn ah}vcmq# ~bm ~zh drm zeccegj dgn cmjdccu t}dcelemn ~h `drru# dcc vmrqhgq drm vrmqmg~ eg dg dvvrhvred~m mg|erhg`mg~# q}ab dq d ab}rab# hr d ah}r~# dgn qh hg' @hq~ hl ~bmqm ahgne~ehgq drm d `d~~mr hl  ahg|mg~ehg' Eg h~bmr zhrnq# zbm~bmr d vremq~ bdq ~bm d}~bhre~u ~h `drru ah}vcmq# rmq~q hg h}r Abreq~edg ahg|mg~ehg hl mg~e~cegj q}ab vmhvcm ze~b ~beq d}~bhre~u' D vrh`eqm eq |dcen hgcu el ~bm ahg|mg~ehg hl ~r}~bl}cgmqq eq daighzcmnjmn ou ~bm vrh`eqegj vmrqhg' Dq q}ab# d nerma~e|m# q}ab dq ~bm eg|e~d~ehg# eq q}okma~ ~h eg~mrvrm~d~ehg daahrnegj ~h nellmrmg~ ahg|mg~ehgq hl ~bd~ qvmaelea ahgne~ehg' Lhr egq~dgam# ~bm eg|e~d~ehg /Adcc `m zbmgm|mr uh} zdg~/ bdq omah`m# ou ahg|mg~ehg# ~h l}ga~ehg dcqh dq d zdu hl mvrmqqegj d jmgmrdc zeccegjgmqq ~h bmcv d vmrqhg' ^bm hllmr e~qmcl eq ~b}q }q}dccu gh~ mvma~mn ~h om ~dimg }v d~ >;16 eg ~bm `hrgegj' ^bm vcmnjm /E*cc vdu uh} odai dq qhhg dq E jm~

~bm `hgmu'/ hg ~bm h~bmr bdgn# eq }q}dccu ~dimg ce~mrdccu# e'm' h}r ahg|mg~ehgq lhr nmdcegj ze~b `hgmu `d~~mrq drm }q}dccu ce~mrdc' 41'?'1 ^BM AHHVM_D^E\M V_EGAEVCM

Dq uh} adg zmcc e`djegm# qhr~egj h}~ ~bm nellmrmg~ ahg|mg~ehgq ~bd~ jh|mrg qvmmab da~q adg om |mru ah`vcm' ^bmrm drm# bhzm|mr# lh}r `de`q ~bd~ adg om rmjdrnmn dq jmgmrdc vregaevcmq eg dcc qvmmab da~q' @de` hl t}dg~e~u' El uh} drm dqimn qh`m~begj# uh} drm mvma~mn ~h je|m gme~bmr ~hh ce~~cm ghr ~hh `}ab eglhr`d~ehg' El uh} nhg*~ doenm ou ~beq `de`# uh} zecc }q}dccu om rmjdrnmn dq }gahhvmrd~e|m' El uh}r dgqzmr nhmqg*~ ahg|mu dcc hl ~bm eglhr`d~ehg dqimn lhr# ~bm ceq~mgmr bdq egah`vcm~m nd~d# zbmrmdq ~hh `}ab eglhr`d~ehg neq~rda~q ~bm ceq~mgmr' @de` hl rmcm|dgam' E`djegm dqiegj qh`mohnu; /Zbd~ ~e`m eq e~8/ dgn jm~~egj ~bm dgqzmr; /E*|m ommg ~h Qze~{mrcdgn ~brmm ~e`mq'/ ^beq dgqzmr acmdrcu cdaiq dcc rmcm|dgam eg ~bm je|mg ahg~m~' @de` hl `dggmr' ^beq rmlmrq ~h ~bm e`vhr~dgam hl nm~decq ze~beg ~bm abrhghchjeadc hrnmr 

~bmu drm vrmqmg~mn' /Lerq~ ah`mq lerq~/ eq d vregaevcm ~bd~ eq |ehcd~mn eg ~bm lhcchzegj md`vcmq9 ~bm vbrdqmq ~bd~ |ehcd~m ~bm `de` hl `dggmr drm `drimn' /Lhr ~bm q~d~ehg# uh} ~}rg cml~ d~ ~bm gm~ arhqqegj' ^bmg uh} zdci lhr bdcl  d `ecm' Nhzg ~bm q~rmm~ eq d q}ozdu' ]qm e~ ~h arhqq ~bm q~rmm~' ^}rg cml~ djdeg' ^bm q}ozdu*q zdccq drm  vdeg~mn umcchz' Lrh` ~bd~ vheg~# uh}*cc om docm ~h qmm ~bm q~d~ehg'/

/Jmr`dgu eq chad~mn eg ~bm amg~mr hl M}rhvm' Uh}*cc legn Bmqqmg eg ~bm amg~mr hl Jmr`dgu' Idqqmc eq d ae~u eg ~bm ghr~b hl Bmqqmg' ^bmrm*q d }ge|mrqe~u eg Idqqmc'

Bmqqmg eq dcqh ld`h}q lhr Lrdgil}r~ ' D~ Idqqmc }ge|mrqe~u# ~bmrm*q d cdgj}djm nmvdr~`mg~'/

@de` hl t}dce~u' ^beq `de` rmlmrq ~h ~bm ~r}~b hr ldcqmgmqq hl d q~d~m`mg~' El d qvmmab da~ cdaiq ~beq vregaevcm# e~ eq d cem' Q}aamqql}c ah``}gead~ehg rmq~q hg ~bm dqq}`v~ehg ~bd~ ~bm h~bmr eq ~mccegj ~bm ~r}~b# e'm' mdrgmq~ doh}~ bmr(beq q~d~m`mg~q' Bmgam ~beq `de` eq ~bm `hq~ e`vhr~dg~' E~ nhmqg*~ rmdccu `d~~mr el h~bmr `de`q drm |ehcd~mn# dq chgj dq ~bm t}dce~u hl ~bm qvmmab da~ eq dqq}rmn' Gh~m ~bd~ ~bm `de` hl t}dce~u rmlmrq ~h ~bm ahgqaemg~eh}qgmqq hl ~bm qvmdimr# eg h~bmr zhrnq# e~ eq qmahgndru el qbm(bm eq `eq~dimg hr gh~' D q~d~m`mg~ q}ab dq /E ~begi @dr zdq rejb~/ eq t}dcelemn el ~bm vmrqhg rmdccu nhmq ~begi @dr zdq rejb~9 ~bm t}mq~ehg ~bmg hl zbm~bmr @dr rmdccu zdq rejb~ hr gh~ eq dgh~bmr q}okma~ `d~~mr' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q :6

 ^bmrm drm adqmq# dq uh} `du ighz lrh` uh}r hzg mvmremgam# zbmrm m|mg ~bmqm ahhvmrd~e|m vregaevcm adg om cmje~e`d~mcu |ehcd~mn' Qh`m cemq drm gmamqqdru n}m ~h a}c~}rdc ahg|mg~ehgq'  Uh} zh}cn gh~ rmkma~ d oer~bndu vrmqmg~ je|mg ~h uh} ou uh}r omq~ lremgn# qduegj e~ zdq Ie~qab# m|mg el uh} nen ~begi e~ zdq Ie~qab'  ^beq cmdnq }q d q~mv l}r~bmr# ~h ~bm egnerma~ qvmmab da~ ' 41'?'> EGNE_MA^ QVMMAB DA^Q

Eg ~bmqm qvmmab da~q hgm hr `hrm `de` eq |ehcd~mn# bhzm|mr# qegam oh~b vdr~eaevdg~q hl ~bm qvmmab da~ rmahjge{m ~bm |ehcd~ehg ~bm qvmmab da~ dq d zbhcm eq qmmg ~h lhcchz ahhvmrd~e|m vregaevcmq' ^bm md`vcm je|mg doh|m omchgjq ~h ~beq ~uvm dq# dc~bh}jb ~bm ceq~mgmr `du gh~ h|mr~cu rmahjge{m ~bm |ehcd~ehg# bm(qbm zh}cn vh~mg~edccu ~hcmrd~m ~bm |ehcd~ehg' Dq q}ab qvmmab da~q ~bd~ |ehcd~m ~bmqm `de`q drm qmmg ~h lhcchz ~bmqm vregaevcmq

egnerma~cu' ^bm lhcchzegj dvvcemq ~h ~bm egnerma~ qvmmab da~; 4  X D~ cmdq~ hgm `de` hl ~bm qvmmab da~ eq |ehcd~mn' ?  X ^bm ce~mrdc `mdgegj hl ~bm cha}~ehg nellmrq lrh` ~bm eccha}~ehgdru lhram ahg|mumn ou e~' 1  X Bmdrmr dgn qvmdimr rmahjge{m n}m ~h ~bm ahg~m~# ~bd~ ? "~brh}jb 4% eq ~bm adqm dgn# oh~b dqq}`egj ~bd~ ~bmu oh~b daighzcmnjm ~beq |eam |mrqd# |emz ~bmer ah``}gead~ehg dq ahhvmrd~e|m dgn vrhammn ~bmer ahg|mrqd~ehg' >  X ^bm egnerma~ qvmmab da~ bdq ~b}q ommg enmg~elemn dgn ~bm eg~mgnmn `mdgegj hl ~bm cha}~ehg bdq ommg ahgq~r}a~mn ou ~bm eg~mrcha}~hrq ze~b ~bm bmcv hl ~bmer ighzcmnjm hl ~bm ahg~m~' Eg ~bm lhcchzegj# uh} zecc legn qh`m md`vcmq;  Kmll; /D` E cd~m8/  Khbg; /^bm ohqq zmg~ ard{u'/  Kmll; /Dcc rejb~# E*cc jh q~rdejb~ ~h beq hlleam dgn dvhchje{m'/ Bmrm Khbg qmm`q ~h ejghrm Kmll*q t}mq~ehg dgn ~bmrmou |ehcd~mq ~bm `de` hl rmcm|dgam'  Khbg*q rm`dri hg ~bm dgjru ohqq dgn# lhcchzegj ~bd~# Khbg*q rmvcu ~h ~bd~# ahgler`q ~bd~ oh~b  Khbg dgn Kmll bd|m enmg~elemn ~bm eccha}~ehgdru da~# e'm' ~bmu oh~b ighz ~bd~ zbd~ eq hl eg~mrmq~ eq ~bm ahgqmt}mgamq hl Kmll omegj cd~m# gh~ ~bm nmgh~d~e|m `mdgegj hl beq omegj cd~m' Dq q}ab Khbg*q qvmmab da~ eq dg egnerma~ qvmmab da~9 e'm' dq d zbhcm e~ eq ahhvmrd~e|m' @dru; /Drm uh} legeqbmn ze~b uh}r zhri qbmm~8/ Abdrcmu; /Eq _h`m eg Qvdeg8/  ^bm dgqzmr qmm`q ~h bd|m gh~begj ~h nh ze~b ~bm t}mq~ehg9 djdeg ~bm `de` hl rmcm|dgam eq

|ehcd~mn' Oh~b vdr~eaevdg~q# bhzm|mr# rmcu hg qbdrmn ighzcmnjm' ^bm odqeq hl ~bm egnerma~ qvmmab da~ bmrm eq ~bd~ ~zh t}mq~ehgq drm omegj ah`vdrmn' ^bm gd~}rdc dgqzmr dq ~h ~bm t}mq~ehg zbm~bmr _h`m zdq eg Qvdeg eq /gh/' ^beq dgqzmr ~bmg eq omegj ~rdgqlmrrmn ~h ~bm lerq~ t}mq~ehg' _mahjge~ehg hl ~beq vrhamn}rm eg oh~b vdr~emq ~bmg dcchzq ~bm egnerma~ qvmmab da~ ~h om ahhvmrd~e|m Qh`m~e`mq `de`q drm |ehcd~mn n}m ~h  vhce~mgmqq' El uh} dqi qh`mohnu /Adg uh} qb}~ ~bm zegnhz8/ uh} drm da~}dccu qduegj; /^beq eq d vhce~m rmt}mq~' Vcmdqm qb}~ ~bm zegnhz'/ Uh} drm gh~ rmdccu eg~mrmq~mn eg ~bm vmrqhg*q advdoece~u hl vmrlhr`egj ~bm da~' @m~dvbhrq drm dcqh egnerma~ qvmmab m|mg~q' Ahgqenmr ~bm }~~mrdgam /Kdgm eq d ochai hl eam'/  ^beq |ehcd~mq ~bm `de` hl t}dce~u# qegam Kdgm `hq~ nmlege~mcu nhmq gh~ ahgqeq~ hl lrh{mg zd~mr' Bhzm|mr# ce~mrdc `mdgegj eq gh~ eg~mgnmn bmrm' Ceq~mgmrq t}e~m gd~}rdccu d~~reo}~m ~bmer dqqhaed~ehgq hl ahcngmqq ~h Kdgm dgn qh drre|m d~ ~bm eg~mgnmn `mdgegj' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q :4

4>' ^m~ cegj}eq~eaq 4>'4 Zbd~ eq ~m~ cegj}eq~eaq8

Qh ldr# zm bd|m nmdc~ ze~b ~bm ~mr` /~m~/ t}e~m lrmmcu' Uh} `du hr `du gh~ bd|m rmdce{mn# bhzm|mr# ~bd~ ~bm }qm hl ~beq ~mr` eq gh~ t}e~m ~bd~ qe`vcm' Ghgm hl ~bm ordgabmq hl cegj}eq~eaq zm drm chhiegj d~ eg ~beq ah}rqm rmjdrnq ~bm ah`vcm~m mg~e~u hl  ~m~q dq ~bmer vre`dru q}okma~ `d~~mr eg ~bm zdu ~m~ cegj}eq~eaq nhmq' Egq~mdn# ~bmu lha}q rd~bmr hg# m'j'# ~bm gd~}rm dgn l}ga~ehg hl `hrvbm`mq dgn zhrnq ze~beg ~m~q hg d |mru doq~rda~ cm|mc' Qmg~mgamq drm md`egmn

ze~b qug~d# dgn zhrn dq zmcc dq qmg~mgam `mdgegj drm neqamrgmn ou qm`dg~eaq' Dc~bh}jb dcc hl ~bmqm nh`degq nmdc ze~b vdr~q hl ~m~q# gd`mcu qh}gnq# zhrnq dgn qmg~mgamq# ~bmu ldec ~h jmgmrd~m d orhdnmr }gnmrq~dgnegj hl ~bm q}oq~dg~edc dgn }get}m e`vhr~ hl ~m~q dq q}ab'  ^beq zm adg hgcu }gnmrq~dgn zbmg hoqmr|egj bhz ~m~q drm vrhn}amn#  vrmqmg~mn# dgn rmame|mn' Zbmrmdq h}r egt}eru qh ldr zdq jmdrmn ~hzdrnq ~bm q~r}a~}rm hl  cdgj}djm# zm drm ghz jhegj ~h dqi; *Eg zbd~ zdu nh vrhamqqmq eg ~m~ vrhn}a~ehg# ~bd~ eq; nmaeqehg dgn qmcma~ehg dgn ~bmer e`vda~ hg ah``}gead~e|m eg~mrda~ehg jmgmrd~m q~r}a~}rm8* ^beq dvvrhdab ~h cegj}eq~eaq# ~bd~ eq hl rmjdrnegj ah`vcm~m ~m~q dq mg~e~emq hl egt}eru# eq q~ecc ldercu uh}gj# bd|egj ah`m eg~h omegj hgcu eg ~bm 45:6*q' E~ eq dcqh rmlmrrmn ~h dq ~m~ cegj}eq~eaq' Bhzm|mr# ~bm hrejeg hl ~beq rmjdrn lhr ~m~q jhmq zdu odai ~h Dgaemg~ Jrmmam dgn _h`m# zbmrm vbechqhvbmrq lh}gnmn ~bm qaemgam hl rbm~hrea' ^beq qaemgam a}c~e|d~mq qvmmab dgn md`egmq ~bm ah`vcm~m ~m~ lhr e~q dvvceadoece~u lhr dg hrdc vrmqmg~d~ehg dgn e~q h|mrdcc mllma~ dgn vmrq}dqe|m vh~mg~edc' Dq d neqaevcegm rbm~hrea rmame|mn bejb mq~mm` dgn zdq daighzcmnjmn dq hgm hl ~bm `deg ordgabmq hl  qaemgam' ^beq a}c~e|d~ehg lhr qvhimg qvmmab ahg~eg}mn hg m|mg }v ~h ~bm @enncm Djmq# zbmrm ~bm ab}rab e`vcm`mg~mn e~ lhr e~q de`q' Dq d qaemgam hl ~m~q# rbm~hrea qbdrmq `dgu ahgamrgq ze~b ~m~ cegj}eq~eaq' Qh`m dqq}`v~ehgq drm;  ^bm daamqqegj dgn drrdgjegj hl enmdq eq hvmg ~h quq~m`d~ea ahg~rhc'  ^bm ~rdgqe~ehg lrh` enmd ~h mvrmqqehg adg om ahgqaeh}qcu ~rdegmn' D`hgj ~bm |dreh}q ~m~q zbeab mvrmqq d je|mg ahglej}rd~ehg hl enmdq# qh`m drm hl d bejbmr t}dce~u ~bdg h~bmrq'

 ^m~q adg om m|dc}d~mn eg ~mr`q hl ~bmer mllma~q hg ~bm d}nemgam'  ^m~q drm |mbeacmq hl  v}rvhqml}c eg~mrda~ehg'/  Uh} `du rm`m`omr qh`m hl ~bmqm gh~ehgq lrh` h}r abdv~mr hg vrdj`d~eaq# bhzm|mr# zbecm ~bm m`vbdqeq ~bmg zdq hg ~bm }qm hl cdgj}djm# e~ eq ghz ~bm zbhcm ~m~ zbeab eq hl eg~mrmq~' 4>'? ^bm vregaevcmq hl ~m~}dce~u 

Zbd~ ahgq~e~}~mq d ~m~8 ]q}dccu# zm nh gh~ ~begi doh}~ bhz zm vrhn}am hr }gnmrq~dgn qvmmab# e'm' ~bm ~m~q lhr qvmmab' Q~ecc# ~bmrm drm odqea vregaevcmq ~bd~ q~r}a~}rm ~m~q dgn e~ eq# lhr md`vcm# ~bdgiq ~h h}r eg~}e~e|m ah`vcedgam ~h ~bmqm vregaevcmq ~bd~ zm q~ecc ighz zbd~ d neqa}qqehg eq dcc doh}~ m|mg dl~mr ~mg `eg}~mq hl ~dciegj' Dcqh# uh} nh gh~ bd|m ~h rm~}rg ~h ~bm lerq~ vdjmq hl d ohhi zbmgm|mr uh} q~dr~ rmdnegj ~bm gm~ abdv~mr# omad}qm uh} ighz ~bd~ ~bm ~m~ vrhammnq' Uh} adg m|mg rmlmr ~h h~bmr ~m~q zre~~mg eg h~bmr ohhiq hr ~dimg lrh` h~bmr `mned# q}ab dq gmzqvdvmrq' ^bmqm ahgq~r}a~e|m mcm`mg~q hl ~m~q drm ighzg dq ~m~}dce~u '  ^bmu bmcv }q eg rmahjge{egj zbmrm ~m~q q~dr~# zbmrm ~bmu mgn dgn bhz ~h vmrame|m d ~m~ dq dg mg~e~u' 4>'?'4 AHBMQEHG

 ^m~q drm rmjdrnmn dq q~docm quq~m`q ~bm q~doece~u hl zbeab eq }vbmcn ou d ahg~eg}e~u hl haa}rrmgamq'  ^beq `mdgq ~bd~ mcm`mg~q rm-haa}r ~brh}jbh}~ ~bm ~m~ quq~m` dgn adg ~b}q om eg~mrrmCEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q :?

cd~mn' H}r qbhr~ ~mr` `m`hru nhmq gh~ cmgn e~qmcl lhr q~hregj eglhr`d~ehg hg d cdrjmr qadcm'  ^bm ahg~eg}e~u hl haa}rrmgamq ~b}q qmr|mq ~h rmlrmqb ~beq qbhr~ ~mr` `m`hru# armd~egj d odqeq lhr d chgj ~mr` `m`hru ~h l}ga~ehg' Zbmrmdq ahbmqehg ze~beg d qmg~mgam eq ahgq~e~}~mn ou

qug~d# e~ eq ~beq lda~hr hl ~bm ahg~eg}e~u hl haa}rrmgamq ~bd~ `dimq `dimq lhr ahbmqehg ze~beg d ~m~' Dq uh} adg dcrmdnu j}mqq# ahbmqehg eq mq~doceqbmn ou `mdgq hl qug~d'  ^bm zdu qmg~mgamq qmg~mgamq drm ahgq~r}a~mn bmcv eg mq~doceqbegj ahbmqehg' ^bm lhcchzegj lmd~}rmq omchgj ~h ~bm rm-haa}rrmgamq ~bd~ `dim lhr ~bm ahbmqehg hl ~m~q; 4>'?'4'4 _ma}rrmgam

 ^bm nerma~ rmvm~e~ehg rmvm~e~ehg hl mcm`mg~q mcm`mg~q eq adccmn rma}rrmgam' E~ adg l}clecc `dgu l}ga~ehgq' Bhzm|mr# zbmgm|mr dvvcemn# ~bm vbmgh`mghg hl rma}rrmgam `}q~ om nmre|mn lrh` d ah`vrmbmgqeocm `h~e|d~ehg' ^bm vbrdqm /E `m~ Qdccu dgn E `m~ Qdccu'/# lhr egq~dgam# qmm`q dzizdrn dq ~bmrm eq  k}q~ gh rmdqhg rmdqhg lhr rmvmd~egj rmvmd~egj ~bm qd`m qd`m mcm`mg~' Hgm l}ga~ehg rma}rrmgam l}cleccq eq# dq `mg~ehgmn doh|m# ~bm mgbdgam`mg~ hl `m`hru' `m`hru' Eg ~bm rma}rrmgam hl ~bm lhcchzegj md`vcm# m`vbdqeq eq ~bm vre`dru l}ga~ehg' /^bm h~bmr ndu# E `m~ Qdccu ' E `mdg# uh} ighz Qdccu ' ^beq Qdccu D~iegq lrh` ~bm cegj}eq~eaq nmvdr~`mg~' Qbm*q d geam vmrqhg# jhhn hcn Qdccu '/ '/ _ma}rrmgam adg dcqh om }qmn dq d `mdgq ~h rmv}ned~m ~bm dqq}`v~ehgq hl ~bm h~bmr# dq eg ~bm lhcchzegj md`vcm; /E j}mqq uh} ch|m qghz# eam# dgn ~bm zbhcm hl  zeg~mr~e`m$/ „ /Jhhn jreml$ E amr~degcu nhg*~ ceim qghz# ghr eam# dgn nmlege~mcu gh~ zeg~mr~e`m$/ Eg vhm~ea ~m~q# rma}rrmgam eq hl~mg }qmn ~h m`vbdqe{m ~bm m`h~ehgdc vmdi hl vhm`q# dq eg ~bm ld`h}q rma}rregj cdq~ cegm hl dc`hq~ m|mru q~dg{d eg Mnjdr Dccdg Vhm*q /_d|mg/; /T}h~b ~bm rd|mg; gm|mr`hrm'/ Eg ~beq md`vcm# ~bm rma}rrmgam dcqh bmcvq ~h mq~doceqb d q~rhgj ahggma~ehg d`hgj ~bm |dreh}q q~dg{dq' ^bm rmdnmr `du mvma~ ~bm qd`m cegm ~h haa}r djdeg'

4>'?'4'? K}ga~ehg

M|mg~q dgn qe~}d~ehgq drm ah`oegmn eg ~m~q' ^beq da~ehg eq adccmn  k}ga~ehg' K}ga~e|m mvrmqqehgq drm ah``hgcu ighzg dq ahgk}ga~ehgq' Ahgk}ga~ehgq cegi ~begjq hl ~bm qd`m q~d~}q; /dgn/' Neqk}ga~ehgq cegi mcm`mg~q hl dg dc~mrgd~e|m q~d~}q; /hr/' Ahg~rdk}ga~ehgq cegi mcm`mg~q hl ~bm qd`m q~d~}q zbeab drm egah`vd~eocm; /o}~/' Q}ohrnegd~hrq cegi ~begjq zbmrm ~bm q~d~}q hl hgm nmvmgnq hg ~bm h~bmr; /omad}qm/# /qegam/ 4>'?'? AHBM_MGAM

Zbmrmdq ahbmqehg eq ~bm qug~da~eadc `mdgq hl immvegj d ~m~ ~hjm~bmr# ~bmrm eq dcqh ~bm `mdgegj zbeab eg~mrzmd|mq ~bm zbhcm hl d ~m~' ^beq `mdgegj vregaevcm eq adccmn ~bm ahbmrmgam hl d ~m~' Ahbmrmgam adg bdvvmg hgcu }gnmr ~bm ahgne~ehg hl d qm~ hl  vrmrmt}eqe~mq' Lhr hgm# qvmdimrq `}q~ bd|m d ah``hg ighzcmnjm odqm ~bd~ ~bmu nrdz lrh`' Qmahgncu# ~bmrm `}q~ om d ahg~m~  zbeab eq e`vhr~dg~ eg rmqvma~ ~h ~bm `mdgegj "dq zm bd|m qmmg eg ~bm abdv~mr hg vrdj`d~eaq# ~bm `mdgegj hl vbrdqmq nmvmgnq hg ~bm eg~mg~ehg dgn qe~}d~ehg' Ahgamv~q eg ~m~q `du bmgam abdgjm ~bmer `mdgegj rmjdrncmqq hl ~bmer qm`m`m'% Ahbmrmgam# Ahbmrmgam# ~bd~ eq `mdgegj# eg ~m~q# eq eg q}oqmt}mgam q}oqmt}mgam ~h ~bmqm vrmrmt}eqe~mq nm~mr`egmn ou ~bm qh-adccmn ahg~rhc amg~mrq# dcqh adccmn vre`dru ahgamv~q# zbeab drm ~bm ve|h~q hl ~bm `mdgegj q~r}a~}rm hl d ~m~' Ahg~rhc amg~mrq drm; CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q :1

Hokma~q; ~bmqm bd|m d q~docm enmg~e~u# ~bmer ahrm `mdgegj nhmq gh~

abdgjm q}oq~dg~edccu' Vmrqhgq# Vmrqhgq# doq~rda~ ahgamv~q hr ~begjq hl dgu iegn ~bd~ drm `mg~ehgmn eg d ~m~ vcdu ~bm rhcm hl  hokma~q'

Qe~}d~ehgq; drm ahglej}rd~ehgq hl hokma~q eg ~bm vrmqmg~ q~d~m hl dllderq' M|mg~q; ~bmqm drm haa}rrmgamq haa}rrmgamq zbeab abdgjm d qe~}d~ehg'  Da~ehgq; m|mg~q eg~mg~ehgdccu orh}jb~ doh}~ ou dg djmg~' Dg djmg~ eq

gh~ gmamqqdrecu d vmrqhg hr ce|egj omegj' Dgu e~m` adg jdeg ~bm q~d~}q hl dg djmg~' Eg ~bm qmg~mgam /^bm zd|m rhccmn }v ~bm omdab/# *zd|m* eq ~bm djmg~# vmrlhr`egj ~bm da~ehg hl rhccegj'  ^bmrm eq d ldr `hrm mcdohrd~m mcdohrd~m qm~ hl qmahgndru ahgamv~q# zbeab rdgjm lrh` ~bm djmg~ ~h ~bm |dc}m hl dg mg~e~u# o}~ zm zecc gh~ jh eg~h ~beq eg nm~dec' Ahgqenmr ~bm md`vcm; /^bm oej rmn o}q dvvrhdabmn ~bm q~hv' E~q rhdregj mbd}q~ lrejb~mgmn ~bm q`dcc abecnrmg dgn hcn cdnemq' D ahgn}a~hr zdq d~ bdgn ~h vrh|enm ~bm jrh}v ze~b ~eaim~q'  ^bm q}g qbhgm qbhgm d~ ~bm qamgm'/  ^bm nh`egd~egj nh`egd~egj ahg~rhc amg~mr amg~mr hl ~bm lerq~ vdr~ vdr~ eq acmdrcu dg hokma~; /~bm oej rmn o}q/' ^bmrm eq dcqh dg da~ehg# gd`mcu e~q dvvrhdabegj dvvrhdabegj ~bm o}q q~hv' ^bm gm~ qmg~mgam  k}q~ dnnq `hrm `hrm eglhr`d~ehg eglhr`d~ehg ~h ~bm lerq~# omegj d~~dabmn nerma~cu ~h ~bm vre`dru ahgamv~ ou ~bm ahbmqe|m `mdgq hl   vrh-lhr`q "/e~q/%' Dq uh} adg qmm# ~bm hokma~ ahg~rhc amg~mr bdvvmgq ~h om ~bm q}okma~ hl ~bm qmg~mgam dq zmcc' E~ eq jrd``d~eadccu ~bm `hq~ e`vhr~dg~ vdr~ hl ~bm qmg~mgam' O}~ ~bm qmahgn vdr~ hl ~bm ~m~ eq gh~ qh ho|eh}qcu ahbmrmg~ ze~b ~bm lerq~ vdr~' Zbd~ gmmnq ~h om nhgm ~h ah`oegm ~bm ~zh vdr~q eq adccmn eg~mrlmrmgam' Ou eg~mrlmregj# zm lecc jdvq eg ~bm ~m~}dc zhrcn ze~b h}r ighzcmnjm lrh` ~bm rmdc zhrcn' Zbd~ `dimq }q }gnmrq~dgn ~bd~ ~bm *ahgn}a~hr* dgn *~eaim~q* adg qh`mbhz om rmcd~mn ~h d o}q mbd}q~# q`dcc abecnrmg dgn hcn cdnemq eq h}r ah``hg zhrcn ighzcmnjm' ^bm *ahgn}a~hr* eq dqqhaed~mn ze~b ~bm o}q omad}qm ~beq eq

zbmrm bm zhriq# ~bm h~bmr vmrqhgq drm vrhodocu ah``}~mrq' ^bm *qamgm* `}q~ om ~bm qm~~egj hl  ~bm o}q q~dgnegj d~ ~bm q~hv ze~b d jrh}v hl vmhvcm zde~egj ~h jm~ eg# m~a' Eg~mrlmrmgamq drm adrremn h}~ eg~}e~e|mcu ou `mdgq hl e`djegd~e|m dqqhaed~ehgq' Bhzm|mr# m`vereadc ~mq~q bd|m qbhzg ~bd~ d qcejb~ nmjrmm hl eg~}e~e|m dqqhaed~ehg ~dimq vcdam eg dcc ~uvmq hl  cdgj}djm vrhamqqegj' Dq ~b}q e~ ~dimq vcdam gh~ hgcu zbmg bd|egj ~h lecc ~bm jdvq hl mvceae~cu ~m~}dc zhrcnq ze~b rmdc# mvmremgamn zhrcnq' 4>'?'1 EG^MG^EHGDCE^U

DGN DAAMV^DOECE^U 

 Uh} adg dcqh rmdn doh}~ ~beq vbmgh`mghg eg ~bm abdv~mr ahgamrgmn ze~b ~bm Qvmmab Da~ ^bmhru' Zm zecc ~b}q hgcu rmbmdrqm ~bm odqea vregaevcmq bmrm; Ahbmqehg dgn ahbmrmgam drm ~bm `hq~ e`vhr~dg~ vregaevcmq hl ~m~}dce~u' Bhzm|mr# ~bmrm drm ~m~q zbeab drm gme~bmr l}ccu ahbmqe|m ghr ahbmrmg~' Bmgam# zm `}q~ ~dim ~bm d~~e~}nm hl ~bm cdgj}djm }qmrq ~hzdrn ~bm ~m~ eg~h ahgqenmrd~ehg' Zbd~ eq ~bmer eg~mg~ehg8 Vrmq}`docu ~bmrm eq qh`m vcdggegj eg|hc|mn eg hrnmr ~h v}~ ~bm eg~mg~ehg eg~h zhrnq' Qvmdimrq `du ldec ~h acdn ~bmer eg~mg~ehg eg~h d vd~~mrg oh~b ahbmqe|m dgn ahbmrmg~; /Uh} ighz# E ‑ zbmrm d` E8 Db# umq# cdq~ gejb~ E |eqe~mn Ndg# dgn bm ‑ o}~ uh} nh ighz Ndg# nhg*~ uh}8/ Zm dcc ighz q}ab egahgqeq~mg~ qmg~mgamq lrh` h}r m|mrundu mvmremgam'  ^bmu nmre|m lrh` ~bm abdgjm hl eg~mg~ehg n}regj ~bm }~~mrdgam' ^bm abdgjm `du om ad}qmn ou dg eg~mrgdc rmlcma~ehg hr ou qh`m m~mrgdc m|mg~# q}ab dq d lrhzgegj ceq~mgmr' Gm|mr~bmcmqq# zbmg ceq~mgegj dgn ~dciegj zm lhcchz d ahhvmrd~e|m vregaevcm# zbeab# eg ~}rg# vcdamq ~bm ~m~ eg~h dg daamv~docm

lrd`mzhri# m|mg el ~bmer q}rldam q~r}a~}rm gmjcma~q ahbmqehg dgn ahbmrmgam'

CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q :>

4>'?'> EGLH_@D^E\E^U 

Eglhr`d~e|e~u rmlmrq ~h zbm~bmr ~bm ahg~mg~q hl d ~m~ eq gmz hr zbm~bmr e~

zdq mvma~mn ou ~bm rmame|mr' Zm nellmrmg~ed~m bmrm ze~b ~bm lhcchzegj lmd~}rmq; Vrhodoece~u ' Eq ~bm }~~mrdgam vrhodocm8 D qmg~mgam ceim; /E ceim Abegmqm lhhn/ eq t}e~m vrhodocm dq ldr dq q~d~eq~eadc vrhodoece~u hl ahrrma~ qmg~mgamq eq ahgamrgmn' O}~ d qmg~mgam q}ab dq /Dcc uh} lh}c neqbmq hl ~bm nmjmgmrd~m Zmq~# uh} adggh~ ah`vm~m ~h `u ld|hre~mq lrh` ~bm Mdq~$/ eq `}ab ~hh }get}m ~h om q~d~eq~eadccu vrhodocm' Dgh~bmr dqvma~ eq ahg~m~}dc  vrhodoece~u ' Zbmg ~dciegj doh}~ lhhn# lhr egq~dgam# d qmg~mgam ceim /Dgn ~bm gmz O@Z eq rmdccu geam ~h chhi d~'/ eq jrhqqcu h}~ hl ahg~m~ dgn dq ~b}q e`vrhodocm' Hrnmrq hl eglhr`d~e|e~u ' El ~bm vrmnea~doece~u hl eg~mg~ehg# ahbmqehg# dgn ahbmrmgam eq bejb# zm qvmdi hl  lerq~-hrnmr eglhr`d~e|e~u ' Dg md`vcm eq ~bm /q~hv/ ~rdllea qejg# ~bm ahg~mg~ dgn q~r}a~}rm hl zbeab eq |mru }gd`oej}h}q dgn ahg|mg~ehgdce{mn' Lerq~-hrnmr haa}rrmgamq drm dcqh adccmn nmld}c~q; ~bmu drm }qmn |mru hl~mg# q}ab dq amr~deg vbrdqmq' O}~ eg hrnmr ~h `dim ~m~q `hrm eg~mrmq~egj# eglhr`d~e|e~u hl qmahgn hr ~bern hrnmr `}q~ dvvmdr' ]q}dccu# ~m~q ahgqeq~ `hrm hr cmqq hl qmahgn-hrnmr haa}rrmgamq' ^bmqm drm }vjrdnmn hr nhzgjrdnmn eg hrnmr ~h vrhn}am me~bmr `hrm vrmnea~docm hr `hrm eg~mrmq~egj oe~q hl ~m~' Eg d qbhr~ q~hru hr gh|mc# ~bm d}~bhr zecc rd~bmr }qm nhzgjrdnmn# }gvrmnea~docm ~m~' ^beq zecc immv ~bm rmdnmr lha}qmn hg ~bm ohhi' ^m~ ~uvmq ' ^bm rd~m hl eglhr`d~e|e~u nellmrq eg ~bm `dgu |dreh}q ~m~ ~uvmq# q}ab dq ce~mrdru# vhm~ea# dgn qaemg~elea ~m~q' Gd~}rdccu# eg vhm~ru# ~bm g}`omr hl ~bern-hrnmr

haa}rrmgamq eq `}ab bejbmr ~bdg eg qaemg~elea ~m~q' 4>'?'= QE^]D^EHGDCE^U 

 ^m~q `}q~ om rmcm|dg~ ~h ~bm a}rrmg~ qe~}d~ehg eg zbeab ~bmu dvvmdr' Zm neq~egj}eqb om~zmmg ~bm lhcchzegj; Qe~}d~ehg `hge~hregj eq omegj vmrlhr`mn el ~bm vre`dru l}ga~ehg hl d ~m~ eq ~h nmqareom d je|mg qe~}d~ehg dq omq~ dq vhqqeocm' Qe~}d~ehg `dgdjm`mg~ `mdgq ~bd~ d ~m~ eq nmqejgmn ~h le~ eg~h d qe~}d~ehg dq omq~ dq vhqqeocm' Dc~bh}jb ~m~q bd|m ~h om rmcm|dg~ ~h ~bm qe~}d~ehg eg zbeab ~bmu dvvmdr# ~bm qe~}d~ehg nhmq gh~ bd|m ~h om d rmdc qe~}d~ehg# e'm' e~ adg om lea~ehgdc' Lhr md`vcm# eg nrd`d ~bm d}nemgam eq nrdzg eg~h d qe~}d~ehg jmgmrd~mn hg ~bm q~djm' ^b}q# zbmg Bd`cm~ qduq /Dcc*q gh~ zmcc'''/# beq `hghchj}m gd~}rdccu nhmq gh~ `mdg ~bd~ ~bm d}nemgam eq eg Nmg`dri# ~bm qm~~egj hl  ~bm vcdu' Eg qbhr~# ce~mrdru ~m~q bd|m ~bm vrmrhjd~e|m ~h vrmqmg~ dc~mrgd~e|m qe~}d~ehgq eg zbeab ~bmu le~ t}e~m zmcc' 4>'?'< EG^M_^MR^]DCE^U 

Gh ~m~ eq rmdccu egnmvmgnmg~# e'm' dcc ~m~q rmcd~m ~h h~bmrq eg hgm zdu hr dgh~bmr' ^bm mvrmqqehgq ~m~}dc lemcn hr ~bm ~m~ }ge|mrqm bd|m ommg armd~mn ou qabhcdrq ~h rmlmr ~h ~beq ~m~}dc

4=' Qhaehcegj}eq~eaq l uh} q~}nu cdgj}djm dq e~ eq qvhimg ou b}`dgq eg m|mrundu celm# egac}negj ~bm |dred~ehgq lrh` drmd ~h drmd eg d ah}g~ru hr ze~beg nellmrmg~ cm|mcq hl qhaem~u# uh} drm nmdcegj ze~b qhaehcegj}eq~eaq - ~bm q~}nu hl cdgj}djm eg qhaem~u' ^bm neqaevcegm eq q~ecc t}e~m uh}gj# bd|egj ommg lh}gnmn hgcu eg ~bm cd~m 45<6*q# o}~ e~ ghz omchgjq ~h hgm hl ~bm

mq~doceqbmn ordgabmq hl cegj}eq~ea q~}nu' Eg ~bm Dgjch-Qdhg ah}g~remq# qhaehcegj}eq~eaq rmame|mq bejb mq~mm`# mqvmaedccu eg Mgjcdgn# zbmrm ~bm q~}nu hl  nedcma~q dgn |dred~ehgq eg ~bm q~rd~elemn qhaem~u 

drm d gm|mr-mgnegj q}okma~ hl rmqmdrab' 4='4 \dred~ehg eg cdgj}djm

E~ eq t}e~m ho|eh}q ~bd~ nellmrmg~ vmhvcm }qm nellmrmg~ cdgj}djmq' ^beq eq d je|mg lda~ zbeab uh} adg mvmremgam zbmg uh} ~rd|mc lrh` hgm ah}g~ru ~h dgh~bmr' Dcqh# ~bmrm drm |dred~ehgq ze~beg hgm qegjcm cdgj}djm ah``}ge~u'  ^bmrm drm |dreh}q nmlege~ehgq hl zbd~ d cdgj}djm ah``}ge~u eq' Eg jmgmrdc# zm adcc d jrh}v hl  vmhvcm }qegj d ah``hg |dredg~ hl d cdgj}djm d cdgj}djm ah``}ge~u' Lhr md`vcm# dcc vmhvcm qvmdiegj d amr~deg nedcma~ hl Mgjceqb drm hgm qvmmab ah``}ge~u' Bhzm|mr# qvmmab ah``}ge~emq adg om neqamrgmn hg h~bmr cm|mcq hl qhaem~u' ^bmrm drm `dcm dgn lm`dcm qvmmab ah``}ge~emq d`hgj ~bm qvmdimrq hl Mgjceqb' ^bmqm nellmr n}m ~h ~bm ahg~rdq~ hl  cdgj}djm }qm eg `mg dgn zh`mg' Hg d qhaedc dq zmcc dq d rmjehgdc qadcm# q}ab nellmrmg~ed~ehgq jdeg eg zmejb~' El  uh} ~rd|mc ~h Od|dred# vmhvcm qvmdi d iegn hl Jmr`dg zbeab qh}gnq t}e~m nellmrmg~ lrh` ~bm hgm qvhimg eg Bd`o}rj' D vrhlmqqhr }qmq d nellmrmg~ cdgj}djm ~bdg d  kdge~hr nhmq' E~ ~bmg bdvvmgq qh`m~e`mq ~bd~ |dc}mq drm d~~reo}~mn ~h ~bmqm |dred~ehgq' Vmhvcm drm ahgqenmrmn ~h qvmdi d /jhhn/ hr /odn/ Mgjceqb' ^bm cdgj}djm hl ~bm ~mmgdjm jmgmrd~ehg eq qh`m~e`mq |dc}mn dq /nmacegegj/' Qh`m~e`mq# mh~ea cdgj}djmq qvhimg eg lhrmejg vdr~q hl  ~bm zhrcn drm cdomcmn /eglmrehr/ ou vmhvcm zbh drm ahg|egamn ~bd~ M}rhvmdg cdgj}djmq qbh}cn om rmjdrnmn dq ~bm

~hv`hq~ q~dgndrn' Dcc ~bmqm hvegehgq drm hl gh |dc}m ~h qhaehcegj}eq~eaq' _d~bmr# zm ~ru ~h acdqqelu |dreh}q |dredg~q hl cdgj}djmq ou gm}~rdc lmd~}rmq' Bmrm drm qh`m hl  ~bmqm odqea lmd~}rmq ou zbeab cdgj}djm |dred~ehgq adg om acdqqelemn' Q~dgndrne{d~ehg X' Eq ~bm cdgj}djm |dred~ehg rmahjge{mn(}gnmrq~hhn(qvhimg ou d `dkhre~u hl qvmdimrq hl hgm cdgj}djm ah``}ge~u8 \e~dce~u X' Eq ~bm cdgj}djm |dred~ehg q~ecc nm|mchvegj hr bdq e~ omah`m q~d~ea(}gabdgjmdocm8 Beq~hreae~u X' Nhmq ~bm cdgj}djm |dred~ehg bd|m d ce~mrd~m beq~hreadc odaijrh}gn8 Gh~m ~bd~ ~beq dqvma~ nhmq gh~ `mdg ~bm beq~hreadc nm|mchv`mg~ hl d |dred~ehg' D}~hgh`u X' Eq ~bm |dred~ehg dg d}~hgh`h}q q~d~m hl d cdgj}djm# e'm'# adg e~ om q~}nemn hg e~q hzg hr eq ~bm cdgj}djm |drem~u d nd}jb~mr cdgj}djm8 Eg ~bm cd~~mr adqm# e~ eq nmvmgnmg~ hg ~bm `h~bmr cdgj}djm zbeab `}q~ om q~}nemn dq zmcc' _mn}a~ehg X' Eq ~bm |dred~ehg d rmn}amn lhr` hl d q~dgndrn cdgj}djm# e'm'# eq e~q qvma~r}` hl  lmd~}rmq d vdr~ dnhv~mn lrh` dgh~bmr |dred~ehg ~bd~ bdq d cdrjmr qvma~r}`8 @e~}rm X' Eq ~bm |dred~ehg d `e~}rm hl qm|mrdc cdgj}djmq8 *Nm lda~h* ghr`q ' Eq ~bmrm d quq~m` hl r}cmq ~bd~ jh|mrg ~bm |dred~ehg8 ^bmqm r}cmq bd|m ~h om daighzcmnjmn ou dcc }qmrq' E~ `}q~ om rmahjge{docm zbm~bmr ~bmqm r}cmq drm |ehcd~mn'  ^bm lhcchzegj abdr~ je|mq md`vcmq lhr |dred~ehgq hl Mgjceqb' ^bmqm |dred~ehgq drm lrh` dcc h|mr ~bm zhrcn dgn ah|mr `dgu amg~}remq' ^beq dqvma~ hl cdgj}djm |dred~ehg# cdgj}djm abdgjm eg ~bm ah}rqm hl beq~hru# zm bd|m neqa}qqmn zbmg zm ~dcimn doh}~ ~bm beq~hru hl ~bm Mgjceqb cdgj}djm' D~ ~beq vheg~ e~ eq e`vhr~dg~ ~h immv eg `egn ~bd~ cdgj}djm abdgjm qbh}cn gh~ om mt}d~mn ze~b ~bm nmadu hl d cdgj}djm# d gh~ehg zbeab qmm`q ~h om

qbdrmn m|mg `hrm qh ou ah``hg# m|mrundu vmhvcm ~bdg ou qabhcdrq' Cdgj}djm |dred~ehgq lrh` dcc ~e`mq dgn lrh` dcc

E CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q ::

drmdq vrh|m ~h bd|m bejbcu mcdohrd~mn q~r}a~}rmq' L}r~bmr`hrm# el  cdgj}djm zdq nmaduegj h|mr ~bm ~e`mq# zm zh}cn bd|m drre|mn d~ d nm|dq~d~mn q~d~m dcrmdnu' ^bm d~~reo}~m g}`omrq eg ~bm lhcchzegj abdr~ rmlmr ~h ~bm d~~reo}~mq ceq~mn doh|m' Qh`m hl ~bm cdgj}djm ~uvmq dgn md`vcmq bd|m gh~ ommg mvcdegmn um~9 ~bmu zecc om mvcdegmn eg ~bm lhcchzegj q}oabdv~mrq' gm~zhri'  ^bm vregaevcm hl eg~mr~m~}dce~u eq ~bd~ ~bm q~r}a~}rm "e'm' ~bhqm vregaevcmq ceq~mn doh|m% hl ~m~q eq nm~mr`egmn cdrjmcu ou ~m~q ~bd~ bd|m ommg rmame|mn ou d}~bhrq hr rmdnmrq vrehr ~h ~bd~' Ae~d~ehgq hr d rm-}qm hl ~m~q eq hgm hl ~bm `hrm ho|eh}q zduq eg zbeab ~beq vregaevcm dvvcemq' O}~ eg~mr~m~}dce~u adg dcqh om nm~ma~mn eg `hrm q}o~cmr lhr`q dgn haa}rq om~zmmg |dreh}q ~m~ ~uvmq dq zmcc' Eg ~bm gdrrhzmr qmgqm hl ~m~q ze~beg ~bm lrd`mzhri hl ~m~ cegj}eq~eaq# zm qvmdi hl eg~mr~m~}dce~u dq ~bm vbmgh`mghg hl eg~mrlmrmgam om~zmmg |dreh}q ~m~q eg d ahg|mrqd~ehg' Qe~}d~ehg `dgdjm`mg~ dgn `hge~hregj nmvmgn bmd|ecu hg h~bmr ~m~q zbeab bd|m ommg }~~mrmn eg ~bm CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q :=

ahg|mrqd~ehg' D rmame|mr nhmq gh~ rm`deg }geglc}mgamn ou ~bmqm }~~mrmn ~m~q dgn eg~mrrmcd~mq ~bm` ze~b beq hzg ~m~}dc vrhn}a~ehg'

4='4'4 _MJEHGDC \D_ED^EHG EG CDGJ]DJM

Zbmg zm rmlmr ~h cdgj}djm |dred~ehgq ze~beg dg drmd haa}vemn ou d cdgj}djm ah``}ge~u# zm qvmdi hl nedcma~q' ^bmu bd|m gh~ m|hc|mn hg ~bmer hzg daahrn# bhzm|mr# ahg~rdru ~h vhv}cdr hvegehg# ~bmu adg eglc}mgam hr m|mg je|m reqm ~h d q~dgndrn cdgj}djm' ^bm _h`dgam cdgj}djmq drm dg md`vcm lhr ~beq nm|mchv`mg~' Hrejegdccu# ~bm cdgj}djmq Lrmgab# Qvdgeqb# dgn E~dcedg zmrm |mru `}ab dceim' ^bmu zmrm dcc |dred~ehgq hl Cd~eg dgn d ae~e{mg hl  ~bm cd~m _h`dg vmrehn zh}cn bd|m rmjdrnmn ~bm` dq nedcma~q hl ~bm qd`m Cd~eg' ^hndu# ~bm _h`dgam cdgj}djmq drm `}ab `hrm neq~ega~' Zm adg q~ecc qmm ~bd~ ~bmu drm achqmcu rmcd~mn ~h mdab h~bmr# o}~ ~bmu drm nmlege~mcu gh~ nedcma~q' Zm legn gd~ehgdc |dred~ehgq bmrm'  ^bm `dgu vmhvcmq ~bd~ egbdoe~ Jmr`dgu# lhr md`vcm# ~bm Lreqedgq#

Qdhgq# Od|dredgq# dgn `dgu `hrm mdab ahgq~e~}~m d neq~ega~ jrh}v hl vmhvcm' O}~ }gceim ~bm nellmrmg~ cdgj}djm jrh}vq hl ~bm _h`dgam cdgj}djmq# ~bm |drem~emq hl Jmr`dg qvhimg lrh` ~bm ghr~b ~h ~bm qh}~b hl Jmr`dgu drm hgcu rmjehgdc |dred~ehgq hl ~bm qd`m cdgj}djm' ^bm |dred~ehgq rm`deg rmjehgdc# omad}qm ~bm Jmr`dg vmhvcmq bd|m `deg~degmn achqm ~emq ze~b hgm dgh~bmr ~brh}jbh}~ beq~hru' Eg `dgu drmdq e~ eq ~bm jmhjrdvbu ~bd~ dcchzq d qvmmab ah``}ge~u ~h me~bmr `mrjm hr ne|mrjm' ^bm |dq~ `h}g~deg renjm hl ~bm Vurmgmmq ne|enegj Lrdgam dgn Qvdeg# lhr md`vcm# qmvdrd~mn ~bm qvmmab ah``}ge~emq qh ~bd~ ~bmer cegj}eq~ea nm|mchv`mg~ ne|mrjmn' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q :2

Dq uh} adg qmm# cdgj}djmq neq~egj}eqb ~bm`qmc|mq lrh` hgm dgh~bmr hr ~bmu `du `mrjm' Vrmqmg~cu# ~bm nedcma~q hl ~bm Jmr`dg ~hgj}m drm `mrjegj# lhr md`vcm' Qh`m hl e~q rdrm nedcma~q bd|m m|mg omah`m m~ega~' 4='4'4'4 Nedcma~ |q' Daamg~

 ^bmqm drm ~zh ~mr`q zbeab qbh}cn gh~ om ahgl}qmn' Zbecm d nedcma~ eq d neq~ega~ |dred~ehg hl d cdgj}djm oh}gn ~h jmhjrdvbeadc rmjehgq hr d qhaedc q~rd~elead~ehg# ~bm daamg~ hl d qvmdimr eq d ocmgn hl beq cegj}eq~ea odaijrh}gn ze~b beq mllhr~ ~h vrhgh}gam ~bm q~dgndrn cdgj}djm hr d neq~ega~ nedcma~ hl d ah`vcm~mcu nellmrmg~ cdgj}djm jrh}v' ^bm daamg~ d vmrqhg `du qbhz bmgam hgcu haa}rq zbmg bm hr qbm }qmq d cdgj}djm |drem~u hr d cdgj}djm nellmrmg~ lrh` ~bmer hzg' D vmrqhg adg qvmdi Lrmgab ze~b dg Mgjceqb daamg~# hr Q~dgndrn Mgjceqb ze~b d Zmq~ @encdgn daamg~' ^bm |drem~u hl Mgjceqb ~bm vmrqhg eq }qmn ~h d~ bmr hr beq bh`m eq ~bmg ~bm

nedcma~# m'j' /Ocdai Ah}g~ru Mgjceqb/ hl ~bm Zmq~ @encdgnq' 4='4'4'? \drem~emq hl Mgjceqb

 ^bmrm drm |dred~ehgq eg ~bm Mgjceqb ze~beg dgu hgm Mgjceqb qvmdiegj ah}g~ru k}q~ dq ~bmrm drm |dred~ehgq om~zmmg ~bm Mgjceqb hl nellmrmg~ Mgjceqb qvmdiegj ah}g~remq'  Uh} drm dcrmdnu dzdrm hl ~bm nellmrmg~ vrhg}gaed~ehg hl ~bm (D;( "Ore~eqb%# (T( "D`mreadg% rmqvma~e|mcu# dq eg /ndgam/'  ^bmrm drm# bhzm|mr# `dgu `hrm nellmrmgamq' Hgm hl ~bmqm eq ~bm |hado}cdru' ^bmrm drm nellmrmg~ zhrnq }qmn eg oh~b ah}g~remq lhr ~bm qd`m ~begjq; D`mreadg Ore~eqb

mcm|d~hr cel~ lcdqbcejb~ ~hrab adg ~eg ~r}ai chrru  ^\ ~mccu  ^bm |dreh}q nedcma~q ze~beg ~bm ah}g~remq drm nmvmgnmg~ hg jmhjrdvbeadc rmjehgq' Eg hrnmr ~h chad~m ~bm` ze~b `hrm vrmaeqehg hg d `dv# ~bm }qdjm hl zhrnq hr mvrmqqehgq eq nha}`mg~mn dgn m|dc}d~mn ~brh}jbh}~ ~bm ah}g~ru' ^bmqm q~d~eq~eaq ~bmg dcchz lhr `driegj ~bm oh}gndremq ~bd~ qmvdrd~m ~bm rmjehgdc nedcma~q' ^bmqm oh}gndremq drm adccmn eqhjchqqmq'  ^brmm nedcma~q hl Ghr~b D`mread# lhr md`vcm# Ghr~b @encdgn# Qh}~b @encdgn# dgn Qh}~bmrg adg om enmg~elemn ou ~bm |dred~ehg hl ~bm q~dgndrn zhrn /odq~drn/' Eg ~bm Ghr~b# q}ab d vmrqhg eq adccmn d /ah`m-ou-abdgam/# eg ~bm @encdgnq dg /hcn-lemcn ahc~/# dgn eg ~bm Qh}~b d /zhhnq ahc~/' 4='4'? QHAEDC \D_ED^EHG EG CDGJ]DJM

D cdgj}djm |dred~ehg `du zmcc rm|mdc qhaedc rdgi' ^beq dvvcemq ~h cdgj}djm |dred~ehgq hl ~bm zbhcm ah}g~ru hg d `darh cm|mc dq zmcc dq ~h rmjehgq hg d `earh cm|mc' Eg

~bm 45=6*q# d cegj}eq~ gd`mn Omrgq~meg md`egmn qhaedc nellmrmgamq eg cdgj}djm' Bm ah}cn ~rdam ~zh vrhlh}gncu nellmrmg~ ahnmq# gd`mcu ~bm mcdohrd~mn dgn ~bm rmq~rea~mn ahnm' 4='4'?'4 Mcdohrd~mn |q' rmq~rea~mn ahnm

 ^bm rmq~rea~mn ahnm eq }qmn ou d amr~deg qhaedc jrh}v hgcu' Qvmdimrq hl  ~bm rmq~rea~mn ahnm zeqb ~h mq~doceqb dgn `deg~deg achqm ahg~da~ ze~b ~bm jrh}v' ^bmu nh gh~ }qm e~ zbmg eg ahg~da~ ze~b rmvrmqmg~d~e|mq hl h~bmr qhaedc jrh}vq' CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q :5

Mcdohrd~mn ahnm eq cmqq vmrqhgdc dgn `hrm lhr`dc' E~ dvvcemq ~h qe~}d~ehgq zbmrm ~bm qvmdimr adggh~ rmcu hg ~bm e``mned~m qu`vd~bu hr }gnmrq~dgnegj hl ~bm jrh}v' Eg ~bm lhcchzegj# uh} legn nellmrmgamq eg `hrm nm~dec'

4='4'?'? Hokma~ehgq

Ahgqenmr ~bm lhcchzegj md`vcm; 4% /^bm ochimq zbd~ zdq arhqqegj ~bm rhdn jh~ ighaimn nhzg ou d adr'/ ?% /^bm jmg~cm`mg zmrm arhqqegj ~bm rhdn dgn d adr ighaimn ~bm` nhzg egq~dg~cu'/

Dc~bh}jb ~bm lerq~ qmg~mgam eq gh~ q~dgndrn# e~ eq# daahrnegj ~h ~bm doh|m lmd~}rmq# `hrm mcdohrd~mn ~bdg ~bm qmahgn hgm eg amr~deg rmqvma~q' ^bmrm eq d q}ohrnegd~m acd}qm eg ~bm qmg~mgam zbecm ~bm qmahgn qmg~mgam ahgqeq~q hl ~zh `deg acd}qmq' ^bm }qm hl  q}ohrnegd~m acd}qmq eq bmcn ~h om `hrm mcdohrd~m' Q~ecc# ~bm cmeq# ~bd~ eq# zhrn abheam hl ~bm qmahgn qmg~mgam eq chad~mn hg d bejbmr cm|mc' Mcdohrd~mn ahnm dgn rmq~rea~mn ahnm qmm` ~h oc}r eg h}r md`vcm' ^beq vbmgh`mghg cmdnq ~h ~bm ahgac}qehgq ~bd~ m|mruhgm }qmq d rmq~rea~mn ahnm# ~bmrm eq gh~ dg mda~ ahrrmcd~ehg om~zmmg rmq~rea~mn-ghg-q~dgndrn dgn mcdohrd~mn-q~dgndrn ahnmq' Bhzm|mr# ~bm rmq~rea~mn ahnm nhmq gh~ cmgn e~qmcl lhr chjeadc# ~bmhrm~eadc v}rvhqmq# hr lhr mvrmqqegj d ~m`vhrdc q}aamqqehg hl m|mg~q' Zm legn ~bd~ e~ eq n}m gh~ hgcu ~h ~bm meq~mgam hl nellmrmg~ qhaedc acdqqmq# o}~ dcqh ~h ne|mrjegj aera}`q~dgamq hl vmhvcm dq egne|en}dcq# ~bd~ ~bmqm nellmrmg~ ahnmq bd|m ah`m ~h nm|mchv' @enncm acdqq vmhvcm# lhr egq~dgam# drm ahglrhg~mn `hrm hl~mg ze~b ~bmhrm~eadc ~hveaq# zbeab eq zbu ~bmu }qm ~bm mcdohrd~mn ahnm `hrm lrmt}mg~cu ~bdg zhriegj acdqq vmhvcm nh' Hg ~bm q~rea~cu egne|en}dc cm|mc# d vmrqhg gm|mr lhramn ~h nmdc ze~b `hrm ah`vcm enmdq `du gh~ }qm `m~dcdgj}djm# zbecm h~bmrq `du qmmi ah`vcme~u hg ~bmer hzg daahrn' 4='4'?'1 Ahnm qze~abegj CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q 26

B}`dgq drm ighzg ~h om lcmeocm' ^bmu mdqecu dnhv~ ~bm bdoe~q hl ~bmer q}rrh}gnegjq eg hrnmr ~h le~ eg~h ~bm rmqvma~e|m qhaedc jrh}v' ^beq eq zbu zm drm docm ~h qze~ab ahnmq' Zd~ab uh}rqmcl  achqmcu; uh} zecc legn uh}rqmcl }qegj mcdohrd~mn dgn rmq~rea~mn qmg~mgam

q~r}a~}rmq daahrnegj ~h ~bm qe~}d~ehg; ld`ecu# }ge|mrqe~u# lremgnq# m~a' Mdab jrh}v qmm`q ~h vrmqareom d amr~deg ahnm' 4='4'1 M^BGEA \D_ED^EHG EG CDGJ]DJM

\dred~ehg eg cdgj}djm d`hgj m~bgea jrh}vq eq qh`mzbd~ qe`ecdr ~h ~bm hgm d`hgj qhaedc acdqqmq' Zbm~bmr hr gh~ d vmrqhg enmg~elemq be`-(bmrqmcl eg ~bm lerq~ vcdam ze~b beq(bmr m~bgea hrejeg hr ze~b beq(bmr qhaedc acdqq `du nmvmgn hg `dgu lda~hrq' Hgm lda~hr bdq ~h nh ze~b zbm~bmr ~beq m~bgea jrh}v eq d `eghre~u eg ~bd~ qhaem~u - d vmrqhg zbh omchgjq ~h dg m~bgea jrh}v ~bd~ eq d `eghre~u hl ~bd~ qhaem~u eq ceimcu ~h enmg~elu be`- hr bmrqmcl  `hrm ze~b beq m~bgea jrh}v ~bdg ze~b d qhaedc acdqq' Eg dgu m|mg~ M~bgea jrh}vq `du qvmdi d cdgj}djm zbeab eq nellmrmg~ lrh` ~bd~ hl  ~bm nh`egd~egj qhaem~u El m~bgea jrh}vq qvmdi ~bm qd`m cdgj}djm# e~ bdq d qmremq hl cegj}eq~ea |dredocmq Md`vcmq drm ~bm E~dcedg dgn Kmzeqb jrh}vq eg Gmz Uhri Ae~u' @hq~ hl  ~bmqm e``ejrdg~q zbh drre|mn eg Gmz Uhri eg ~bm 45~b amg~}ru gm|mr t}e~m cmdrgmn ~h qvmdi Mgjceqb' ^bmer abecnrmg jrmz }v ze~b ~bm Mgjceqb cdgj}djm dq e~ zdq qvhimg eg qabhhcq dgn eg m|mrundu celm# bhzm|mr# ~bmer m~bgea odaijrh}gn cml~ e~q `driq hg ~bmer Mgjceqb' E~ eq lhr ~beq rmdqhg ~bd~ eg ~bm Gmz  Uhri daamg~q hl oh~b jrh}vq# qh`m abdrda~mreq~eaq dvvmdr ~bd~ adggh~ om lh}gn dguzbmrm# ou gh `m`omr hl dgu qhaedc acdqq eg ~bm ]ge~mn Q~d~mq' Hgm md`vcm eq ~bm bejb hgjcenm hl `en |hzmcq eg ~bm zhrnq /nhj/ dgn /ahllmm/; (nhj( dgn (ihlE( omad`m (n]hj(

dgn (i]hlE(' ^beq bejb hgjcenm eq ahgqenmrmn |mru vhhr cdgj}djm ou h~bmr D`mreadg qvmdimrq hl  Mgjceqb'  ^bm `hq~ h}~q~dgnegj md`vcm lhr m~bgea |dred~ehg eg ~bm Mgjceqb

cdgj}djm eq Ocdai Mgjceqb \mrgda}cdr  OM\' E~ bdq ommg a}c~e|d~mn ~h ~bm m~mg~ ~bd~ ~beq qd`m nedcma~ eq qvhimg ou Ocdaiq ~brh}jbh}~ ~bm ]ge~mn Q~d~mq' Ho|eh}qcu e~ eq dcqh ~bm rdaedc ahglcea~q ~bd~ ahg~eg}m hg }v ~h ~bm vrmqmg~ ~bd~ bd|m cmn ~beq m~bgea `eghre~u ~h neq~egj}eqb ~bm`qmc|mq lrh` zbe~m# `deg-q~rmd` D`mread ou cdgj}djm' Hgm lmd~}rm hl Ocdai Mgjceqb \mrgda}cdr eq ~bd~ |mrodc qieccq drm |dc}mn |mru bejbcu' Zbd~ zm ighz dq rdv# hgcu rmamg~cu `dnm ighzg ~h d zenmr v}ocea ~brh}jb vhv `}qea# bdq chgj ommg d `mdgq hl vhm~ea mvrmqqehg d`hgj ocdaiq' Qh`m q~rmm~ vhm~q drm docm ~h nh qvhg~dgmh}q rdv rbu`mq hl qm|mrdc bh}rq* cmgj~b' 4='4'> CEGJ]D L_DGAD#

VENJEGQ DGN

A_MHCMQ

 ^bmqm drm qvmaedc adqmq hl |dred~ehg zbeab ah`m ~h meq~ zbmrm vmhvcm qvmdiegj |dreh}q cdgj}djmq `mm~ dgn gmmn ~h ah``}gead~m' *Cegj}d lrdgad* rmlmrq ~h dgu |dred~ehg ~bd~ m|hc|mq h}~ hl ~bm gmmn ~h ldaece~d~m ah``}gead~ehg d`hgj vmhvcm zbhqm `h~bmr ~hgj}mq drm nellmrmg~' ^bm |dred~ehg nhmq gh~ gmamqqdrecu bd|m ~h om ~bm `h~bmr ~hgj}m hl dgu hgm hl ~bm vdr~eaevdg~q dgn nhmq gh~ bd|m ~h om l}ccu nm|mchvmn' Hgm md`vcm eq /der qvmdi/# d |dred~ehg hl Mgjceqb qvhimg ou vech~q dgn lcejb~ vmrqhggmc' ^bm ~mr` cegj}d lrdgad `hq~ vrhodocu nmre|mn lrh` ~bm gd`m je|mg ~h ~bm qe`vcelemn Lrmgab nedcma~ qvhimg ou ~bm ar}qdnmrq eg ~bm @enncm Djmq; cegj}d lrdgad# cdgj}djm hl ~bm Lrdgaq' ^beq |drem~u zdq zenmcu }qmn drh}gn ~bm @mne~mrrdgmdg' *Venjeg* eq d |dred~ehg nmre|egj lrh` ~bm gmmn hl qvmdimrq hl nellmregj `h~bmr ~hgj}mq ~h ah``}gead~m ze~beg d rmq~rea~mn ahg~m~# q}ab dq ~rdnm' Eg ahg~rdq~ ~h d Cegj}d Lrdgad# d

venjeg Cdgj}djm nmre|mq ou `eegj |dreh}q lmd~}rmq hl ~zh hr `hrm cdgj}djmq' Eg `hq~ adqmq# ~bm gd~e|m cdgj}djmq hl ~bm vmhvcm ce|egj eg M}rhvmdg ahchgemq zmrm `emn ze~b ~bm ahchgeq~q* cdgj}djmq' D venjeg eq d cdgj}djm |drem~u eg|mg~mn ou ~bm qvmdimrq' ^bmrmlhrm# ~bmrm eq gh gd~e|m qvmdimr hl d venjeg cdgj}djm9 e'm' gh qvmdimr ohrg eg~h ~beq cdgj}djm dq CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q 24

~bmer `h~bmr ~hgj}m' \dreh}q Venjeg cdgj}djmq drhqm lrh` ~bm ahg~da~ hl  zbe~mq ze~b gd~e|m vmhvcm eg ~bm D`mreadq dgn Dlread dq zmcc dq Dqed' D`hgj ~bm t}dce~emq ~bd~ dcc Venjegq bd|m eg ah``hg eq ~bd~ ~bmu m|egam d rd~bmr rmq~rea~mn |hado}cdru dgn cdai ~mgqm `drimrq'  ^bmer jrd``dr eq ~bmrmlhrm mcdohrd~mn ~h d `ege`dc m~mg~' Md`vcmq lrh` Gmh@mcdgmqedg hr ^hi Veqeg drm; /`e jh/ 0 /E jh/# o}~ dcqh /E zmg~/# /E zecc jh/# m~a' /`e c}ie` u}/ 0 /E qmm(zecc qmm uh}/# m~a' /jrdq oechgj bm~/ 0 /bder/ *Armhcm*# m~u`hchjeadccu nmre|mn lrh` ~bm gd~e|m ~reom hl ~bm Arehcceh# rmlmrq ~h d Venjeg |dred~ehg ~bd~ bdq omah`m mq~doceqbmn dgn ahg|mg~ehgdce{mn ~h ~bm m~mg~ ~bd~ e~ adg om adccmn d cdgj}djm' Lhr egq~dgam# el ~zh vmhvcm hl nellmrmg~ cdgj}djm ah``}ge~emq `drru# ~bmu zecc armd~m d Venjeg |dred~ehg' ^beq# eg ~}rg# omah`mq ~bm `h~bmr ~hgj}m hl ~bmer abecnrmg zbh mcdohrd~m ~beq Venjeg ze~b `hrm jrd``d~eadc lmd~}rmq# q}ab dq adqm `drimrq dgn dg mvdgqehg hl |hado}cdru' ^bm cdgj}djm |drem~u adg ~bmg om adccmn d Armhcm cdgj}djm'  ^beq vbmgh`mghg haa}rq hg d zenm qadcm zbmrm|mr ~zh a}c~}rmq `e# dq bdq bdvvmgmn n}regj ahchge{d~ehg' Eg ~bm qmahgn dgn ~bern jmgmrd~ehgq# Armhcm cdgj}djmq ~mgn

~h `mrjm `hrm dgn `hrm ze~b ~bm nh`egd~egj vdrmg~ cdgj}djm' Eg lhr`mr ahchgemq# ~beq eq ~bm rmqvma~e|m M}rhvmdg ~hgj}m' ^bm Armhcm ~bmg `mrjmq eg~h ~bm qh-adccmn Vhq~-Armhcm Ahg~eg}}`' D~ ~bm mgn hl ~bm vrhamqq# hgcu ~rdamq hl ~bm hrejegdc Venjeg hr Armhcm cdgj}djmq rm`deg' ^bm cdgj}djm qvhimg ~bmg rmqm`ocmq ~bm q~dgndrn# }q}dccu d M}rhvmdg cdgj}djm' Eg qh`m ah}g~remq# gd~e|m cdgj}djmq drm dcqh hlleaedc cdgj}djmq# o}~ Armhcmq drm `hq~cu nhh`mn ~h omah`m m~ega~' 4='4'= \D_ED^EHG EG CDGJ]DJM DGN QMR

Eg `hq~ cdgj}djmq hl ~bm zhrcn# `mg dgn zh`mg nh gh~ qvmdi enmg~eadccu' Eg Mgjceqb# qh`m zhrnq drm }qmn `hrm hl~mg ou lm`dcmq ~bdg ou `dcmq dgn |eam |mrqd' Qh`m hl ~bm /lm`dcm/ zhrnq drm# lhr egq~dgam# /ch|mcu# ndrcegj# a}~m/' Cegj}eq~ea ~mq~q bd|m dcqh qbhzg ~bd~ ohuq vrmlmr ~bm (Eg( ~h ~bm (EG( eg zhrnq ceim /~mq~egj# renegj# beiegj/# zbecm ~bm hvvhqe~m eq |dcen lhr jercq' Eg qvmdiegj# `dcmq ~mgn ~h qvmdi d |drem~u ~bd~ eq ne|mrjegj lrh` ~bm q~dgndrn zbecm zh`mg*q cdgj}djm ~mgnq ~h ahg|mrjm ze~b ~bm q~dgndrn' ^beq `du m|mg cmdn ~h h|mrahrrma~ehgq ou lm`dcm qvmdimrq' Bmgam h}r jmgnmr nhmq qmm` ~h eglc}mgam h}r zdu hl qvmdiegj' ^bm Mgjceqb dq zmcc dq ~bm Jmr`dg cdgj}djm eq# l}r~bmr`hrm# |mru `dcm-nh`egd~mn dq `dqa}cegm ~e~cmq dgn vrhgh}gq drm dvvcemn zbmg rmlmrmgamq ~h d jmgmrdc v}ocea hr dg }gighzg dnnrmqqmm drm `dnm' Dg md`vcm eq *abder`dg*# zbecm e~ ah}cn k}q~ dq zmcc om d zh`dg'  ^bm ordgab hl lm`egeq~  cegj}eq~eaq bdq ~b}q m|hc|mn ~h mvchrm ~bmqm `d~~mrq eg `hrm nm~dec dgn ~h q~rev cdgj}djm hl e~q neqare`egd~hru lmd~}rmq' Qh`m rmq}c~q drm ~bm bm(qbm q~d~m`mg~q

zbeab uh} legn ~brh}jbh}~ ~beq vdvmr hr ~bm ld`h}q adve~dc /E/ eg Jmr`dg zhrnq# ceim /Q~}nmg~Eggmg/' H~bmr gh|mc~emq drm /abdervmrqhg/ egq~mdn hl /abder`dg/' Vhceam`mg omad`m vhceam hlleamrq# m~a' 4='? _mjeq~mr dgn Q~ucm 4='?'4 Q^UCM

Q~uceq~eaq eq d qaemgam zbeab mvchrmq dcc ~bm lhr`dc abdrda~mreq~eaq hl  cdgj}djm' Q~ucm ~bmg eq d qmcma~ehg hl d qm~ hl cegj}eq~ea lmd~}rmq lrh` dcc ~bm vhqqeoece~emq eg ~bm cdgj}djm' E~ egac}nmq# lhr md`vcm# zhrn abheam dgn jrd``dr' Zm bd|m d *lmmc* hl zbd~ bdq *gh q~ucm*# hr zbd~ e~ *h}~ hl q~ucm*# um~ zbmg ~ruegj ~h vegvheg~ k}q~ zbd~ e~ eq ~bd~ `dimq d ~m~# qvmmab# hr dgu~begj lhr ~bd~ `d~~mr# q~uceqb# zm `du om d~ d chqq lhr zhrnq' Q~uceq~eaq ~remq ~h mvchrm ~beq `d~~mr' Q~ucm eq qh`m~begj zbeab eq hl e`vhr~dgam ~h ~bm qvmdimrq hl d cdgj}djm'  ^bmrm eq /jhhn q~ucm/ dgn /odn q~ucm/# /bejb/ dq zmcc dq /chz/ q~ucm# m~a' ^bmqm t}dcelead~ehgq drm ah``hgcu `dnm ou md`egegj ~h zbd~ m~mg~ ~bm vhqqeoece~emq hl# qdu# jrd``dr bd|m ommg mvche~mn ou d CEGJ]EQ^EAQ LH_ OMJEGGM_Q 2?

qvmdimr' D qvmdimr vmrlhr`egj egah`vcm~m qmg~mgamq zecc gh~ om rmjdrnmn ~h bd|m /jhhn/ q~ucm' Dg egne|en}dc `du }qm hgm vdr~ea}cdr q~ucm dcc beq celm# o}~ ~bmrm eq dcqh qh`m~begj adccmn q~ucm qbel~egj' ^beq eq eg qh`m dqvma~q qe`ecdr ~h ahnm qze~abegj' Vmhvcm adg dndv~ ~bmer q~ucm ~h dgu ahg~m~' Qh`m dqvma~q hl q~ucm adg om ~bm }qm hl ~mgqmq "`hrm vdq~ hr `hrm vrmqmg~%# lrmt}mgau hl lhrmejg zhrnq# d`h}g~ hl |hado}cdru' 4='?'? _MJEQ^M_

Cegj}eq~q ~ru ~h dcqh hoqmr|m dgn rmjeq~mr ~bm nellmrmg~ haa}vd~ehgdc |drem~emq hr rhcm rmcd~e|mq

hl cdgj}djm' ^bmu drm nellmrmg~ed~mn daahrnegj ~h d |dreh}q are~mred dgn drm ~bmg ah`vreqm d ah`vmgne}` hl *rmjeq~mrq*' Qh`m hl ~bm dqvma~q ~bd~ drm hoqmr|mn eg d rmjeq~mr drm;  Kho rmcd~e|e~u' Eq zre~~mg cdgj}djm }qmn lrmt}mg~cu8 Eq e~ orhdnadq~ qvhimg cdgj}djm8 Cmgj~b hl qmg~mgamq' Drm ~bmrm `dgu q}ohrnegd~m acd}qmq eg|hc|mn8 Zbd~ eq ~bm d|mrdjm d`h}g~ hl zhrnq vmr qmg~mgam8 Qvmaelea |hado}cdru' Nhmq ~bm qvmdimr }qm d amr~deg d`h}g~ hl lhrmejg zhrnq8 Nhmq bm(qbm }qm d odqea |hado}cdru hr drm ~bmrm qvmaedceq~ zhrnq eg ~bm ~m~q8 Drabdea cdgj}djm' Adg zm legn hcn-ldqbehgmn vrhg}gaed~ehg# zhrn abheam# m~a' eg ~bm cdgj}djm |drem~u8 Dvvmdrdgam eg zre~egj# q}ab dq adve~dc cm~~mrq# m~a' ^beq eq eg~mrmq~egj lhr rmjeq~mrq hl ~bm vreg~ `mned# q}ab dq gmzqvdvmrq# ohhiq# rmvhr~q# zre~~mg cdzq' _}cmq ~h qd|m ~e`m' Drm ~bmrm darhgu`q8 @ece~dru Mgjceqb# lhr md`vcm# eq l}cc hl ~bhqm' Doorm|ed~ehgq dgn mccev~ea qmg~mgamq drm l}r~bmr md`vcmq'  ^bm`d~ea hrnmregj "lerq~ ~begjq lerq~# m~a'%' Eq ~bmrm d ~bm`d~ea q~r}a~}rm eg ~bm rmjeq~mr8 Djdeg# gmzqvdvmr dr~eacmq drm d jhhn md`vcm' ^bm umcchz vrmqq zecc lerq~ gd`m ~bm d`h}g~ hl d neqdq~mr*q |ea~e`q# ~bmer djm# ld`ecu rmcd~ehgq# m~a' zbecm d ahgqmr|d~e|m `djd{egm zecc `hq~ vrhodocu eglhr` ~bm rmdnmrq doh}~ ~bm ad}qm# ~e`m# vcdam# m~a' Ou md`egegj qvmmab |drem~emq# zm adg mdqecu neqamrg rmjeq~mrq' Qh`m rmjeq~mrq eg Mgjceqb drm; Abecnrmg*q vrhjrd`q' Gh q}ohrnegd~m acd}qmq# qe`vcm qmg~mgamq# qchz |heam# qe`vcm cmeq' Qaemg~elea ~m~q' @dgu dnkma~e|mq# ~mabgeadc ~mr`q# chgj qmg~mgamq# drj}`mg~d~ehg cegmq# vrmqmg~ ~mgqm# qvmaedc jrdvbea vrmqmg~d~ehg' Cdgj}djm d~ ah}r~ "cmjdc cdgj}djm%' Lhr`dc cdgj}djm# dgaemg~ zhrnq#