THE CAUSES OF TARDINESS OF JUNIOR J UNIOR HIGH STUDENTS OF MABOLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
A Research Presented to the Faculty of Senior High Department Mabolo National High School Cebu City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of Practical Research 1
by
KACEMITH SHAENNE SOLIMA KHYLE VINCENT CARDOSA JOSHUA NEÑO MEDRANO JUNE MARIE DUMORAN RAYMUNDO ALASAGAS ABIGAIL CALAMBA PAUL ROMAR YAP WALLY ORLANDA
October 2017
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled: THE CAUSES OF TARDINESS OF JUNIOR HIGH STUDENTS OF MABOLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL prepared and submitted by KHYLE VINCENT CARDOSA, WALLY ORLANDA, RAYMUNDO ALASAGAS, ABIGAIL CALAMBA, JOSHUA NEÑO MEDRANO, JUNE MARIE DUMORAN, KACEMITH SHAENNE SOLIMA, and PAUL ROMAR YAP in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Practical Research 1 of the Senior High School Grade 11- STEM Strand has been examined and is recommended for approval for ORAL EXAMINATION .
THE THESIS COMMITTEE: CLEOFE F. CABARUBIAS, Ma. Ed
Adviser
GERARD THADEUS G. SARCHEZ
KRISTINE C. JABIERTO
Member
Member
___________________ _____________________________ ____________________ ___________________ __________________ _________________ _________________ ___________________ ___________ _
PANEL OF ORAL EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of Passed.
CLEOFE F. CABARUBIAS, Ma. Ed
Adviser GERARD THADEUS G. SARCHEZ
Member
KRISTINE C. JABIERTO
Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADE 11-STEM under the K-12 Curriculum .
ARACELI R. VERANO OIC – Principal ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research study would have not been a success without the following people’s support, help and guidance.
First, we would like to thank our creator, Almighty God, for always guiding and blessing us. Now that we are accomplished with this, we are very much grateful for everything He had given us. Second, we would like to thank the all the respondents for their participation in the survey who supported our work in this way and helped us get results of better quality. We are also grateful to the members of the group for their patience and support in overcoming numerous obstacles we have been facing through the research. We would also thank our Practical Research professor, Mrs. Cleofe Cabarubias, for guiding, teaching, and motivating us in this research despite of our busy schedule in school. We are also immensely grateful to Mrs. Ritchelle Origenes and Mrs. Argentina Guisadio for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, although any errors of are our own and should not tarnish the reputations of these esteemed persons. We would like to thank our fellow grade eleven STEM students for their feedback, cooperation and of course friendship. Finally, we must express our very profound gratitude to our parents and teachers for providing us with unfailing support and continuous encouragement. Thank you very much.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
…………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………...... …………………........ .. i TITLE PAGE ……………………………… APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………………………………….. ii PANEL OF ORAL EXAMINERS …………………………………………………………….. ii
………………………………………………………… ……………………………………… ………… iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………… TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………iv LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES …………………………………………………………. .vi ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………… vii CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Rationale …………………………………………………………………...1 Theoretical Background …………………………………………….…....2 Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………..3 Significance of the Study …………………………………………………4 Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………..4 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature ………………………………………………………....5 Related Studies ……………………………………………………………7
Outroduction ……………………………………………………………….8 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design ………………………………………………………… 9
iv
Research Respondents ………………………………………………….9 Research Environment ………………………………………………….10
Research Instrument …………………………………………………... 10 Collection of Data ………………………………………………………..10 Treatment of Data ……………………………………………………….10 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Presentation of Case Profiles in Grade 7 ….……………………….. 11 Presentation of Case Profiles in Grade 8 …………………………… 13 Presentation of Case Profiles in Grade 9 …………….……………... 16
Presentation of Case Profiles in Grade 10 ….……….……………… 18 Tabulated Data of Profile Cases ………………………………………21 Categorized Reasons and Causes of Tardiness ……………… .……22 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings ………………………………………………….. 24 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………… 25 Recommendations …………………………………………………….. 26 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………………. 27 APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………………………………29 CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………………………….31
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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
TABLE 1
Tabulated Data of Profile Cases
Page 21
TABLE 2
Categorized Causes of Tardiness Based From Case Reports
Page 22
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ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to find the reasons as to why student fail to come to school early or simply the reason behind their tardiness. The researchers conducted the study focusing on the causes of tardiness in students to realize its impacts on their life, and ways to manage and regulate this problem. The researchers first created a set of survey questions for the interviews to answer regarding their tardiness. The researchers then selected a group of students who are having a record of most late attendance in their class through the use of purposive sampling procedure. The researchers then started to gather data through one-to-one interviews According to the findings, the major common reason given by the respondent is their teacher-related cause, next is sleeping habit or waking up late, next is distance from home and traffic and lastly, computer compulsion (e. g. computer games, social networking sites), family related causes and weather disturbances.
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CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Rationale
Every student needs learning and good education. That's why they sacrifice many things in order to avoid being late in the first period. However, students nowadays, have great difficulties in going to school early and for worse, it has become a habit of them to come to school late. Due to this phenomenon, the number of instances of tardiness in students, particularly in secondary school students, grows rapidly and multiplicatively. On the other hand, tardiness isn't only a problem for businesses that rely on workers to show up on time. It's also a problem for the people who run late a lot. According to lifeesteem.org, people who are consistently late score lower on tests that assess attributes like self-esteem and discipline. There are several reasons why being late for work, meetings and other professional appointments can be a problem (Tamiya King, 2009). With this, the researchers were seeking the possible root causes of why students go to school late. In conclusion, the researchers conducted the study focusing on the causes of tardiness in students to realize its impacts on their life, and ways to manage and regulate this problem.
1
Theoretical Background
As cited by Bilocura & Guia (2012), reasons for being late in class and other factors affecting the punctuality if a student vary. There are also some theories that personality is one of the reason of tardiness. Santillano (2010 as cited by Bilocura and Guia, 2012) suggested that psychologists considered some personality traits (e. g. low self-esteem and anxiety) as factors of tardiness. She also mentioned that while some theorists considered tardiness as an “inborn quality” since being tardy is “partially biologically determined”. F urthermore, she claimed that other experts also believed that some people are “chronically tardy” for the reason that they consciously and
unconsciously get good things from it (para 3). be late again: 7 Based from the book cited by Santillano (2011) named “Never be cures for the punctually challenged” by by Diana DeLonzor which is the author of the book,
said that some of the traits including “struggling with self -control”, “feeling nervous or uncomfortable with social situations” and “getting distracted easily” (para 4) can affect student’s punctuality. Santillano
(2011) also cited about the research done by
DeLonzor at San Francisco State University in 1997. In this research, DeLonzor surveyed 225 respondents to ask about their habits that can make them late in their appointment. From the results of her study, respondents that were often tardy are anxious and gets distracted easily (as cited by Bilocura & Guia, 2012). Another topic cited by Bilocura & Guia (2012) in their Journal Lateness: Its Causes, Effects and Solutions , it stated there that:
2
Nakpodia and Dafiaghor attribute lateness or tardiness to a lot of factors or causes. Going late to bed and waking up late next morning are the most common. The authors added film-watching late at night as a cause for tardiness. The student may forget that he/she needs to be in school the next day. The distance between the student’s home and school or solely the school’s location is
also considered by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor as a possible cause for tardiness. Not just because it takes more time to get to school, but according to the authors, the student is susceptible to more distractions and hindrances along the way. Parent’s untimely tasks and commands are also reasons that students come late
to school. Habitual tardiness can also be learned from other members of the family, especially from the older ones. Lack of a firm and consistent policy on punctuality also encourages students to come late at school since there are no consequences attached to lateness or tardiness. These causes of tardiness will lead to serious effects. Statement of the Problem
This research aims to find the reasons of tardiness in Junior High School students as well as to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the tardy students? 2. What are the possible reasons and factors that influence influence the tardiness of students? What is their most common reason? 3. What are the major causes of tardiness in students?
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Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will rebound to the benefit of society considering that being on time plays an important role in most situations. The greater demand for students with high grades justifies the need for more effective ways to regulate tardiness. Thus, students that apply the recommended approach derived from the results of this study will be able to regulate and manage tardiness. For the researchers, the study will help them uncover critical areas in the case of tardiness in students. Thus, a new theory on how to be not late may be arrived. Definition of Terms
For a better and clearer understanding about this study, the following terms are operationally defined. Tardiness is a habit of being late or delayed arriving in agreed time. Lateness refers to students going to class daily, below the normal time schedule
for the class. Cywar refers to a particular person who don’t take seriously what he/ she have
told about a person. Chronically tardy refers to a student that is going to school late in a long-lasting
or habitual and problematic way.
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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
In this study, the researchers are trying to find out the reason as to why students are tardy. The following studies focuses on the tardiness in students and their own solutions in finding an answer to this problem. Related Literature
As cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), “lateness” can be defined as the “situation where an individual arrives after the proper, scheduled or usual time (Oxford Advance Learner's’ Learner's’ Dictionary, Dictionary, 5 th ed., 1995). Moreover, Lockwood (1930) defined
tardiness as a “violation of the principle of punctuality and, when condoned by a pupil, cannot but breed a bad habit and an attitude detrimental to success in numerous enterprises in life. ” He added that the habit of punctuality is one of the important traits to see the inside of a person. Meanwhile, Airth (n. d.) suggests that chronic tardiness is “ the act of repetitive late arrival” and it can also have a lasting impact on students. She further discussed that
one of the reasons why students are tardy because of the transition from one classroom to another throughout the day. In some instances, a student may find it difficult to make it to class on time because of the physical distance between sequential classes as said by Lovett, Brooks, et. al. (2015). This may be particularly true of of students with a class prior to teacher that
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meets off-campus. Students may also experience either chronic or temporary physical impairments that make getting from class to class challenging. ch allenging. Moloji (2003 as cited by ArticlesNG, 2016) said that the emotional status of the child can be one of the reasons why he is late in school. In relation, Airth (n. d.) supports that missing academic activities early in the morning affects a child's learning process for the whole day. Tardiness may also be the result of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression and affects your health (Greenwood, 2017). Many people sleep deprivation and it is a real drag on someone’s happiness and health as what Rubin (2014) mentioned in her article. On the other hand, Helpman (2017) said that the causes of tardiness are ineffective planning, risking lateness, going off-plan, and lack of motivations for punctuality. In focus with employees, Greenwood (2017) enumerated the causes of lateness namely family demands, deadlines and overbooking, and culture. He added that tardiness may be a result of another factor which is simply being disorganized. ’s (2011) review of why students are late in Based on Nakpodia & Dafiaghor ’s
school, they enumerated eleven reasons namely: (1) going late to bed, (2) watching films and late-night movies, (3) the habit of waking up late, (4) distance/location of school, (5) keeping friends of different status, (6) engagement in untimely domestic chores/activities, (7) innate anxiety level, (8) family background, (9) cultural background, religious background, (10) lack of functional and effective punctuality policy, (11) too much body care and excessive facial/body make- up.
6
Furthermore, going late in classes can be also a cause of carelessness and waste of time (Fullo & Gramor, 2017). When students are late, it can interfere the lecture and discussion or even distract other students who are focused on listening as supported by Moloji (2003). Related Studies
As cited by Vukovic (2017), researchers Caldarella, Christensen et. al. (2011) looked at decreasing tardiness in primary school-aged students using teacher-written praise notes. These are their findings. The researchers found out that students who are frequently late to school often miss out on important opening announcements and academic activities. Tardy behavior can also negatively affect the overall classroom environment, the study says. Arriving late to school can also mean that students miss out on activities designed to build connections with their peers, potentially impacting their social interactions and creating a greater sense of alienation from their classmates. The researchers found out that punishing students due to being tardy is not helpful to the problem and may aggravate the situation. Thus, the researchers instead used praise notes so that the students may be more motivated to come to school early. Another study conducted by Paren (2016) determined the factors affecting always and students in their daily routine during school days. The study suggests that “ always oftentimes being tardy in the flag ceremony, in attending classes after recess time in the morning and afternoon class sessions and during the first period in the afternoon class 7
session are one of the, most common causes of tardiness.” There was an indication that
students had disliked the subject Math and Science. The problem is not about the teacher but about the subject of the students. Bataineh (2014), also conducted a review study that aimed to review studies that investigate reasons that are related to lateness behavior and how the students deal with it. He examined 24 papers and reports reviewed regarding lateness behavior. The related journal papers and reports on factor associated with students’ lateness behavior
and dealing strategies were downloaded with cut off limit from 1991 to 2013. However, the results of the study that there were evidence from the reviewed literature in focus with students lateness behavior. Bataineh (2014) concluded that dealing with disruptive behavior within the classroom is listed as one of the most challenging aspects of being a professor. Outroduction
In conclusion, these studies are contributing to the research as references which will make a very solid foundation. The studies are giving their own ideas and solutions as to why students are tardy. This research may be able to help students, teachers, and families worldwide as to make their children punctual so they may be able to work well and have excellent quality works.
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CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The research design in the study will be qualitative, where an in-depth analysis of people, events, and relationships, bounded by some unifying factor will be done. Our study will be descriptive in testing the cause of the variable in the study, specifically the reasons and factors behind the tardiness of Mabolo Junior High School students. The qualitative aspect plays on the line by line analysis of the statements of the respondents. Research Instrument
The instrument that will be used to collect data is a questionnaire, prepared by the researchers. The first part of the questionnaire asks for the general information of the respondent – name (optional), grade level, age, and gender. The second part contains questions regarding the tardiness of students. Further questions based on the respondents’ reasons are also asked. Research Respondents
The respondents of this were 20 students who are habitually and chronologically late or tardy in school . They were students from Mabolo National High School from grade 7 - grade 10 under the K-12 curriculum. They were the researchers’ schoolmates. Moreover, this study made use of purposive sampling procedure.
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Research Environment
The study was conducted in Mabolo National High School located at Juan Luna Avenue, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. The school sc hool has both junior high and senior high in accordance to the K-12 curriculum. The grade levels 7 to 10 has its buildings each. Collection of Data
The researchers selected 20 respondents that has many records of tardiness. The respondents were sampled evenly according to grade level. Each grade level has 5 respondents. The respondents were asked with the interview questions personally and one-to-one. The gathering of data took one day. Afterwards, the data were analyzed and interpreted. Treatment of Data
The treatment involved the collection and analysis of every data sample in a set of items from which samples can be drawn. To determine the major causes of tardiness of the respondents, the graphs and tables are being used to present detailed data and to compare the data easily for descriptive interpretation and analysis.
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CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents, interprets and analyzes the data drawn from one-to-one interviews and description of the respondents. The presentation of the findings will be done in a non-statistical and technical languages which will generally benefit the readers as well as the subject of the study. Presentation of Case Profiles in Grade 7 Case Profile 1
Megan, a grade 7 student, female, who sometimes arrives at school late. Her first subject is the one always affected but for her, being early is important. The reason behind why she arrives at school late is her location where she lived because of traffic and the changes of weather also especially when it's raining. Her teacher just allows her to be tolerated because she doesn't arrive late always. Therefore, Megan doesn't want to be late but because of the weather and her destination, it makes her more complicated and that’s why she arrives late in school. Case Profile 2
Greg, a grade 7 student, male, 13 yrs. old, who always arrive at school late because of his location wherein he lives in Mandaue City. Sometimes his 2nd or 3rd subject is also affected because of traffic, rain, or just feeling tired to be on time because of the distance of their house from school. For him being early is still important. His teacher warned him 3 times. If ever he's coming late again, he need to bring his 11
parents to guidance office but, his teacher didn’t take her warn seriously that's why he did it again and again. Therefore, the location is one of hindrance for Greg to come to school on time. However, he still doesn't want to fail in his subject so he did everything to come early in the school but her teacher didn’t take it seriously that's why Greg did the same thing. Case Profile 3
Joseph, a grade 7 student, 14 yrs. old, male who arrives at school late for at least 10 times a month. For him, arriving at school early is still important but he can't force himself to sleep early because of playing the one of the addicting games which is Defense of the Ancients 2 or commonly known as DOTA 2. For him he can't sleep without playing DOTA 2 beca use it’s his favorite game and his addicted on it . His teacher just doesn’t mind him because he doesn't pay attention in the class discussions at all. Therefore, Joseph is uncontrolled in his addiction in playing DOTA 2 that's why he can't wake up early. Case Profile 4
Rhea, still a grade 7 student, 14 yrs. old, female who's late very often because of the changes of weather. She lives from Barangay Hipodromo, Cebu City. When it's raining, their house is affected with flood that can make her to arrive at school late or far worse, make her to absent. For her coming early is also important. Most of the time her 1st subject is the one being affected. Her teacher just tolerate this phenomenon of
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coming late because she send text message informing that she'll be late because of heavy rain and flash flood. Therefore, it implies that flooding due to the changes of weather is one of the hindrance of going to school late. Case Profile 5
Paulo, a grade 7 student, 18 years old, who is late most of the time, that's why he is still in grade 7 in his age because, he always failed because of his tardiness. Paulo is also a DOTA player and at the same time a skater. For him he doesn't care if he's late as long as he's still present on that day. His teacher is concern about him that's why the attention of her mother is needed but sad to say his mother is busy even though his teacher gave a demand letter for his mother. Therefore, it implies that Paulo is feeling lonely in their home and lack of attention from his parent because, his mother is a call center agent night shift and he's the only one left in their h ouse. That’s why he always late in his class.
Presentation of Case Profiles in Grade 8 Case Profile 6
Jessa, a grade 8 student, 14 yrs. old, and female. She always arrives at school late, her reason is waking up late and also, she has family problems. Most of the time her parents is always fighting that made her unable to sleep. For her, arriving early is still important but she can't help to wake up early. Her teacher doesn't tolerate students 13
going to school late whatever the reason. Their teacher gives them punishment like cleaning or bringing floor wax. Jessa brought more than 5 floor waxes because of it but, even though in that punishment, Jessa is still considered late because she can ’t afford to buy floor wax. Therefore, it suggests that students who have a family problem, just like their parents is always arguing, can affect the punctuality of the student. Case Profile 7
Leo, a grade 8 student, 15 yrs. old, a male. Sometimes he arrives at school late when his asthma attacks. For him, arriving at school early is very important because that is the training ground for students but sometimes asthma doesn't let him sleep early that’s why he woke up late and late. His teachers already know about his condition that’s why he was exempted in any punishments.
Therefore, the researchers concluded that some students suffering an illness is a hindrance or one of the factors that affects their punctuality. Case Profile 8
Lily, a grade 8 student, admitted to be gay, 15 yrs. old. Arriving at school for at least 10 minutes late. For him, study is life but eyebrow is more important. She doesn't care if he arrives late as long as he is presentable. He woke up late because of social networking sites like FB and Messenger . His sleeping time is 12:00 midnight but, for him arriving early is still important but he’s just so lazy to wake up early. Her teacher always
gets mad, but she's such a hard-headed person, he doesn't care if her teacher always
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get mad and always gives him a warning, because he knows that her teacher is just cywar .
Therefore, it implies that Lily doesn't have confidence facing the world without her eyebrows on fleek and also, being addicted to social media is a big factor why she woke up late and that affects his punctuality. Moreover, he doesn’t like her teacher for always criticizing him about his lateness. Case Profile 9
Janna, a grade 9 female student, 14 yrs. old. She has problems in punctuality in school due to personal reasons. She stated that she have to take care of her other siblings before going to school everyday because she is the eldest. Her teacher already told her that it is good to be helpful at home, but you need to be punctual at school. But despite this, Janna could not easily do this for she has her hands full at the moment and is lacking time to adapt. With this, Janna is a motivated and caring student that would like to be punctual yet could not due to personal reasons especially about family related problems. Case Profile 10
Luis, a grade 8 student, male, 15 yrs. old. Luis is the eldest child that's why his parents depends him on household chores. He's the one who cooks every morning and feed her younger sister because he lets his parents to rest well because both of them has tiring schedule due of its job. Sometimes he is lacking of time to arrive early even though he wakes up early in the morning. His teacher just letting the late comers to go inside the classroom. 15
Thus, it implies that Luis has daily routine and chores to do before he can go to school that’s why he can ’t go to school on time.
Presentation of Case Profiles in Grade 9 Case Profile 11
Amethyst, a grade 9 female student, 15 yrs. old. Sometimes Amethyst arrives at school late because she can't wake up early. For her, punctuality is very important but she can't avoid to wake up late because of her insomnia. Her teacher warned her that if she will be late again, she needs to bring her parents to the guidance office. Amethyst is afraid to be late again that's why she drinks milk to sleep well. Therefore, Amethyst arrive in school late because she can’t wake up early due to the fact that she can ’t sleep well in the night due to her insomnia. However, she tried to do everything so that she will never be late again because she is afraid of the consequences that might be happen. Case Profile 12
Regine, a grade 9 female student who is always late in her first subject because of the traffic. She doesn't want to be late in school because punctuality is very important but, because of the traffic she can't arrive at school on time. Her teacher told her to wake up as early as 5:00 AM so that she can avoid the traffic or otherwise she will face consequences but, Regine did not accept any consequences. She concluded that her
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teacher is just cywar . But, because of her location on where did she lived, traffic is still there. Therefore, it shows that Regine was late because of her location on where did she lived and also due because b ecause of the traffic. Case Profile 13
Alexander, a grade grad e 9 male student. Sometimes Alexander AKA Alexa arrives at school late because he needs to put some make-up on his face. For him arriving early at school is very important. His teacher warned him 3 times but still, he failed to obey. That’s why, he experience d cleaning the Males CR and starting that day, Alexa is trying
his best not to be late again. Therefore, Alexa doesn't have a confidence on facing other people without makeup and as result, this affects his punctuality. In addition, the warn of the teacher or the consequences that may receive will affect the tardiness of the student. Case Profile 14
Michaela, a grade 9 female student, sometimes she is late because she’s too tired. She's lazy to get up early and prepare for her things to bring in the school. For her it is not important to come early as long as she's not absent. Anyways her teacher is just letting her to be late because, she is brilliant. Therefore, Michaela arrives at school late because of her laziness and she were tolerated by her teacher.
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Case Profile 15
Kim, a grade 9 female student. Sometimes, he arrives at school late because she's always surfing in the internet every night and as a result is the sleeping late and them will woke up late in the morning. Her teacher doesn't mind if she's late and without knowing the reason why. Thus, it implies that Kim, comes late to school because of waking up late due to surfing in the internet and also of his attitude that she seen on her teacher or his satisfaction to her teacher.
Presentation of Case Profiles in Grade 10 Case Profile 16
Gwen, a grade 10 female student. She sometimes wakes up late for school due to certain reasons. Gwen has a diligent attitude toward school, she makes her homework, assignments, projects, activities, etc. and strives to finish it within the day. For her, going to school early is very important become it is one of the basis for her grade, attendance. Sometimes she fails to sleep early and wakes up late. Her teacher doesn't reprimand her at all due to her high grades. Though it is alright, Gwen still continues her lifestyle. Therefore, Gwen go to school late due to her works and huge motivation to school for striving because of his reputation as a student.
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Case Profile 17
Adrian, a grade 10 male student, 16 yrs. old, has to face a difficult challenge in life, having to compete with his brothers and sisters to claim the bathroom because they don’t have any places to take a bath with. Due to this, Adrian sometimes come to school
late. His teacher gave him advice and Adrian followed it. Adrian now strives to work harder and definitely have to thank his teacher for helping him. For him, being early to school is very important because he loves his schooling. Therefore, Adrian is late due to their problem in utilities at home especially the single bathroom. However, he was motivated by his teacher so that he will never be late again and indeed. Case Profile 18
Michael, a grade 10 student, male. 4th among the seven siblings. He usually wake up 5 AM in the morning but take a bath late because they only have one bathroom and he has to wait his three brothers who are in college to finish taking a bath before he will. His teacher just tolerated him because there's nothing they can do, most especially Michael is intelligent one Therefore, Michael arrives to school late because they only have one bathroom and there teacher were just tolerating him. Case Profile 19
Joshua, a grade 10 male student. He definitely has a severe addiction to games that he oftentimes tends to forget the time. Despite his addiction, Joshua still goes to
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school, although he is oftentimes late because, he woke up late. His teacher already warned him that he should play his games in moderate and focus on studying. However, it is very hard to change a long-time habit, so Joshua had a very hard time adapting. Thus, Joshua arrives in school late because of waking up late due to his computer game addiction. Case Profile 20
Danica, a grade 10 student, female. Always sleep late because after she helps her mother in household chores she still had to finish her school papers. Sometimes there's a lot of school works needed to be done and usually her sleeping time is midnight. She needs to maintain her grades because she is a sponsored student. Her teacher just let them scrub the floor for 30 minutes if they are late. Her teacher punishes her every time she is late so she may put it in heart to avoid being tardy. Danica tries her best, she helps in household chores only if she is not extremely busy with school paper works. Therefore, paper works from school that was given by the teacher and the consequences to be given if you are late, affects the punctuality of the student. Tabulated Data of Profile Cases
For visual representations, the researchers used a table to organize information about their answers of why are they always late in classes. This shows information to report findings from the research.
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Table 1. Students’ Answers to Why They Are Always Late
Case Profile No.
Response to Being Late in Class
location where she lived
traffic
changes of weather
2
location and distance from school
3
playing DOTA 2
changes of weather
1
4
flooding
5 6 7 8 9 10
11
playing DOTA 2
doesn’t care about school
waking up late
parents are always fighting
asthma attacks him during nights
beautifying herself
social networking like FB
sleep at 12 midnight
need to take care her siblings
cooks every morning
feeds her younger sister every morning
parents are tired from work
waking up late
insomnia
12
13
14
traffic beautification of herself
tired
laziness
21
not important to come early
surfing in the internet
waking up late
16
paper works from school
17
only one bathroom for the family
18
only one bathroom for the family
addicted in games
waking up late
household chores
school papers
sleeps at 12 AM
15
19
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Categorized Factors and Reasons of Tardiness of Students
After the presentation of the cases, the explicit outcome of the answers was being categorized in factors that affect their punctuality values in attending to their classes or other learning related activities. Based from the profile case reports, the identified causes of why there are students that are habitually tardy are displayed in Table 1 below. Table 2. Causes of Tardiness Based from Case Reports Reasons of Tardiness
1. Teacher Related Cause 2. Sleeping habit/Woke up late 3. Distance in in school and traffic
Total
7 7 4
22
4. Online/Lan Games/Social Networking site (SNS)/Cyber Compulsion
3
5. Family Related Cause
3
6. Weather Disturbance
3
7. Illness and diseases
2
8. Personal Beautification
2
9. Doing Household Chores
2
10. Laziness
2
11. School Paper Works
1
Based on the data we gathered, there are 11 breakdown causes in tardiness in which the most common causes are the teacher related causes and the sleeping habit. There are 20 tardy students who were interviewed one by one about their tardiness. These respondents are 100% 100% tardy. Furthermore, without considering the so called valid reason yet, most likely the student of Mabolo Junior High School are more likely tardy than punctual.
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CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of the findings of this research based on the data, the conclusion derived from these findings, and the recommendation for the benefits of the student and for the future researchers. Summary of Findings
The researcher, studied and interviewed 20 Mabolo Junior High School student, and there reason behind there tardiness. 1. The major common reason given by the respondent is their teacher-related cause, next is sleeping habit or waking up late, next is distance from home and traffic and lastly, computer compulsion (e. g. computer games, social networking sites), family related causes and weather disturbances.
2. Respondents who indicated sleeping habit or woke up late in their reason answered why. They said. "I was just too tired and lazy to go to school early that I end up being late." The other said "I woke up late because I sleep late at night due to my computer games addiction like DOTA, Crossfire and social media."
3. Respondents included that they occupied with other work most especially, especially, school works as one of reason of tardiness. Other respondent’s reason is their location, in which there home is far from school and in addition, with the traffic situation most espec ially when it’s raining, it actually affects the traffic 24
situation. Others specify their reason as familly related causes, it involves there family problem, lack of attention from their parents and most especially when they don’t value the importance of sc hooling. Conclusion
The most common reason of tardiness in Mabolo Junior High School is waking up late because of their sleeping habit, they always having chit chats with their mobile, playing games in computer and without knowing that they sleep late. And also the location of the student can affect their tardiness most especially if they are far from school in addition with the traffic also. However, this can be controlled by the teacher but unfortunately; some of the teachers tolerate the tardy students. This research conclude that the major causes why are students always late is because of the "teacher related causes" means that the treatment of the teacher towards to tardy students. If they tolerate the student or they give consequences or either they gave a warnings but didn't take it seriously because if there is a disciplinary action, there would be no rapid growth of tardiness. Therefore, the researchers researcher s conclude also that the most common profile of tardiness in junior high school are those student who is addicted in electronics gadget, and some of them are in the family related causes.
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Recommendations
In general, the researchers were confident that the problems were correspondingly answered with the accuracy and reliability. Based on the findings, the researchers have the following recommendations: 1. Based on the findings, findings, the teacher must be strict in regulating and implementing the house rules in the classroom and give a consequences those who will violates, most especially the tardiness because it will disciplines the student. 2. The student also must wake up early, if ever 4:00 A.M. so that they can avoid traffics. 3. The student must avoid playing playing electronics gadget in the late evening so that they can sleep early or use electronic gadget moderately. 4. The teacher must concerned to all tardy student, and they must follow up everything why there are always lat e, don’t let the student moves regulates themselves. 5. The case samples were relatively small compared to the whole population of of Mabolo Junior High School. Stronger data and conclusions can be derived if larger cases will be studied. 6. It will also be helpful if more detailed question from interviews is served to the respondents to get more detailed and précised results. This will expose more areas of concern and even reveal more conclusion
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Nakpodia, E., & Dafiaghor, F. (2011). Lateness: A major problem confronting school administrators in Delta State, Nigeria . Google Docs.
Lockwood, L. A. (1930). Causes of Tardiness: The School Review: Vol 38, No 7. Journals.uchicago.edu. DeLonzor, D. (2003). Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually Challenged. Post Madison Publishing.
B. Journals and Articles Articles
Airth, M. (n. d.). Chronic Tardiness: Definition & Causes . Study.com. Retrieved 3 Fullo, G., & Gramor, O. (2017). research paper - Causes And Effects of Tardiness of the Senior High School Students of Southern de Oro Philippines College. Coursehero. Bilocura, J., & Guia, L. (2012). Chapter II – RRL. Google Docs. Paren, R. (2016). Action Research on Tardiness. Rimmon-Education in the Philippines.
Vukovic, R. (2017). The Effect of Student Tardiness on Learning. Australian Council for Educational Research - ACER .
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C. Internet
Rubin, G. (2014). Chronically Late? 8 Reasons for Being Late & How to Beat Them. World of Psychology . Retrieved 31 September 2017, from https://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2014/06/07/chronically-late-8reasons-for-being-late-how-to-beat-them/ Lovett, M., & Brooks, J. (2015). Explore Strategies-Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation. Carnegie Mellon University . Retrieved 1 October 2017, from https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/solveproblem/stratlatetoclass/latetoclass-08.html ArticlesNG. (2016). Causes of Pupils Lateness to School. Retrieved 30 September 2017, from http://articlesng.com/causes-of-pupils-lateness-toschool/ Bilocura, J., & Guia, L. (2012). Lateness, its Causes, Effects and Solutions. Google Docs. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from
https://sites.google.com/site/bilocuraandguia/notes/topiclatenessitscauses effectsandsolutions
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APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
One-to-One Interview Questions for the Respondent
1. What grade are you? 2. How often are you late arriving to school in the morning? 3. How important to you to arrive in class in time? 4. What is the biggest biggest reason for your lateness? 5. Did you teacher give you consequences if you're late?
What?
6. Does the teacher warn you, when you're late? 7. Did they take it true or seriously?
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APPENDIX B
Documentation of the Procedure in Gathering Data
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CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Abigail G. Calamba Address: V. Colina St. Magtalisay, Mabolo, Cebu City Date of Birth: December 26, 2000 Place of Birth: Cebu City Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Educational attainment: Elementary: Mabolo Elementary School High School: Mabolo National High School Contact No: 09432771807
Name: June Marie B. Dumoran City Address: 242 Santo Niño Str., Hipodromo, Cebu City Date of Birth: June 27, 2000 Place of Birth: Cebu City Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Educational attainment: Elementary: Mabolo Elementary School High School: Mabolo National High School Contact No: 09273838675
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Name: Kacemith Shaenne Solima City Address: Lower Riverside St., Hipodromo, Cebu City Date of Birth: November 1, 1999 Place of Birth: Cebu City Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Educational attainment: Elementary: Hipodromo Elementary School High School: Abellana National School Contact No: NA
Name: Khyle Vincent Cardosa City Address: V. Colina St., Magtalisay, Mabolo, Cebu City Date of Birth: January 26, 2001 Place of Birth: Cebu City Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Educational attainment: Elementary: Looc Elementary School High School: Mabolo National High School Contact No: 09432983917
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Name: Joshua Neño S. Medrano City Address: Gen. Maxilom Ext., Carreta, Cebu City Date of Birth: January 16, 2000 Place of Birth: Cagayan De Oro Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Educational attainment: Elementary: Carreta Elementary School High School: Mabolo National High School Contact No: 09451408894
Name: Paul Romar V. Yap City Address: Gen. Maxilom Ext., Carreta, Cebu City Date of Birth: August 2, 2000 Place of Birth: Cebu City Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Bible Baptist Educational attainment: Elementary: Carreta Elementary School High School: Mabolo National High School Contact No: NA
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Name: Raymundo Alasagas City Address: Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines Date of Birth: March 15, 2000 Place of Birth: Cebu City, Cebu Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Educational attainment: Elementary: Mabolo Elementary School High School: Mabolo National High School Contact No:
Name: Wally L. Orlanda City Address: 1956 M. J. Cuenco Ave., Mabolo, Cebu City Date of Birth: December 19, 2000 Place of Birth: Cebu City Citizenship: Filipino Religion: Roman Catholic Educational attainment: Elementary: Mabolo Elementary School High School: Mabolo National High School Contact No: 09099218632
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